gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-15600 | 570713c490286e26004fc8c9 | Black_people | Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than act... | What do critics claim people of color have? | What do critics claim people of color have? | [
"What do critics claim people of color have?"
] | {
"text": [
"limited media visibility"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15601 | 570713c490286e26004fc8ca | Black_people | Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than act... | What has the Brazilian media been accused of? | What has the Brazilian media been accused of? | [
"What has the Brazilian media been accused of?"
] | {
"text": [
"hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations."
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15602 | 570713c490286e26004fc8cb | Black_people | Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than act... | What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil? | What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil? | [
"What ethnicity of actors are mainly used for shows in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"northern Europeans"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15603 | 570713c490286e26004fc8cc | Black_people | Critics note that people of color have limited media visibility. The Brazilian media has been accused of hiding or overlooking the nation's Black, Indigenous, Multiracial and East Asian populations. For example, the telenovelas or soaps are criticized for featuring actors who resemble northern Europeans rather than act... | What is another word for "Light Skinned" | What is another word for "Light Skinned" | [
"What is another word for \"Light Skinned\""
] | {
"text": [
"mulatto"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15604 | 5707142a90286e26004fc8d1 | Black_people | These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to i... | What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include? | What would scholars like the term "Negro" to include? | [
"What would scholars like the term \"Negro\" to include?"
] | {
"text": [
"all African-descended people"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15605 | 5707142a90286e26004fc8d2 | Black_people | These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to i... | What does this aim to stimulate? | What does this aim to stimulate? | [
"What does this aim to stimulate?"
] | {
"text": [
"a \"black\" consciousness and identity."
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15606 | 5707142a90286e26004fc8d3 | Black_people | These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to i... | What does the term "pardo" include? | What does the term "pardo" include? | [
"What does the term \"pardo\" include?"
] | {
"text": [
"a wide range of multiracial people"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15607 | 5707142a90286e26004fc8d4 | Black_people | These patterns of discrimination against non-whites have led some academic and other activists to advocate for use of the Portuguese term negro to encompass all African-descended people, in order to stimulate a "black" consciousness and identity. This proposal has been criticized since the term pardo is considered to i... | What does caboclos mean? | What does caboclos mean? | [
"What does caboclos mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"mestizos"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15608 | 5726b6e6f1498d1400e8e896 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they ... | What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese? | What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese? | [
"What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15609 | 5726b6e6f1498d1400e8e897 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they ... | What are Chinese characters called in standard Chinese? | What are Chinese characters called in standard Chinese? | [
"What are Chinese characters called in standard Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanzi"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15610 | 5726b6e6f1498d1400e8e898 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they ... | What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages? | What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages? | [
"What have been adapted to write in a number of other languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15611 | 5726b794708984140094cedd | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondar... | What number in the tens of thousands? | What number in the tens of thousands? | [
"What number in the tens of thousands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15612 | 5726b794708984140094cede | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondar... | What requires a knowledge of three to four thousand characters? | What requires a knowledge of three to four thousand characters? | [
"What requires a knowledge of three to four thousand characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"literacy in written Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15613 | 5726b794708984140094cedf | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters number in the tens of thousands, though most of them are minor graphic variants encountered only in historical texts. Studies in China have shown that functional literacy in written Chinese requires a knowledge of between three and four thousand characters. In Japan, 2,136 are taught through secondar... | Which are identical to Chinese forms? | Which are identical to Chinese forms? | [
"Which are identical to Chinese forms?"
] | {
"text": [
"kyūjitai"
],
"answer_start": [
903
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15614 | 5726ba5f708984140094cf6b | Chinese_characters | Most modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries sold to English speakers use the traditional radical-based character index in a section at the front, while the main body of the dictionary arranges the main character entries alphabetically according to their pinyin spelling. To find a character with unknown so... | What use the traditional radical-based character index? | What use the traditional radical-based character index? | [
"What use the traditional radical-based character index?"
] | {
"text": [
"modern Chinese dictionaries"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15615 | 5726ba5f708984140094cf6c | Chinese_characters | Most modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries sold to English speakers use the traditional radical-based character index in a section at the front, while the main body of the dictionary arranges the main character entries alphabetically according to their pinyin spelling. To find a character with unknown so... | What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin? | What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin? | [
"What will have the character's pronunciation in pinyin?"
] | {
"text": [
"character's entry"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15616 | 5726ba5f708984140094cf6d | Chinese_characters | Most modern Chinese dictionaries and Chinese dictionaries sold to English speakers use the traditional radical-based character index in a section at the front, while the main body of the dictionary arranges the main character entries alphabetically according to their pinyin spelling. To find a character with unknown so... | What is at the front of most modern Chinese dictionaries? | What is at the front of most modern Chinese dictionaries? | [
"What is at the front of most modern Chinese dictionaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional radical-based character index"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15617 | 5726bb01f1498d1400e8e936 | Chinese_characters | In Old Chinese, (e.g. Classical Chinese) most words were monosyllabic and there was a close correspondence between characters and words. In modern Chinese (esp. Mandarin Chinese), characters do not necessarily correspond to words; indeed the majority of Chinese words today consist of two or more characters due to the m... | What are most words in Old Chinese? | What are most words in Old Chinese? | [
"What are most words in Old Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"monosyllabic"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15618 | 5726bb01f1498d1400e8e937 | Chinese_characters | In Old Chinese, (e.g. Classical Chinese) most words were monosyllabic and there was a close correspondence between characters and words. In modern Chinese (esp. Mandarin Chinese), characters do not necessarily correspond to words; indeed the majority of Chinese words today consist of two or more characters due to the m... | What almost always corresponds to a single syllable? | What almost always corresponds to a single syllable? | [
"What almost always corresponds to a single syllable?"
] | {
"text": [
"character"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15619 | 5726bb01f1498d1400e8e938 | Chinese_characters | In Old Chinese, (e.g. Classical Chinese) most words were monosyllabic and there was a close correspondence between characters and words. In modern Chinese (esp. Mandarin Chinese), characters do not necessarily correspond to words; indeed the majority of Chinese words today consist of two or more characters due to the m... | What is written with two characters? | What is written with two characters? | [
"What is written with two characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"bisyllabic morphemes"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15620 | 5726bb7e5951b619008f7c4f | Chinese_characters | Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning. A single character may also have a range of meanings, or sometimes quite distinct meanings; occasionally these correspond to different pronunciations. Cognates in the several varieties of Chine... | What has many homophones? | What has many homophones? | [
"What has many homophones?"
] | {
"text": [
"Modern Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15621 | 5726bb7e5951b619008f7c50 | Chinese_characters | Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning. A single character may also have a range of meanings, or sometimes quite distinct meanings; occasionally these correspond to different pronunciations. Cognates in the several varieties of Chine... | What may have a wide range of meanings? | What may have a wide range of meanings? | [
"What may have a wide range of meanings?"
] | {
"text": [
"single character"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15622 | 5726bb7e5951b619008f7c51 | Chinese_characters | Modern Chinese has many homophones; thus the same spoken syllable may be represented by many characters, depending on meaning. A single character may also have a range of meanings, or sometimes quite distinct meanings; occasionally these correspond to different pronunciations. Cognates in the several varieties of Chine... | What have been beneficial in the reconstruction of Middle Chinese? | What have been beneficial in the reconstruction of Middle Chinese? | [
"What have been beneficial in the reconstruction of Middle Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sino-Xenic pronunciations"
],
"answer_start": [
845
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15623 | 5726bd02dd62a815002e8ed4 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies. A few characters, including some of the most commonly used, were originally pictograms, which depicted the objects denoted, or simple ideograms, in which meaning was expressed iconically. Some other words were expressed by compound ideograms, ... | What represent words of the language using several strategies? | What represent words of the language using several strategies? | [
"What represent words of the language using several strategies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15624 | 5726bd02dd62a815002e8ed5 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies. A few characters, including some of the most commonly used, were originally pictograms, which depicted the objects denoted, or simple ideograms, in which meaning was expressed iconically. Some other words were expressed by compound ideograms, ... | What are some words expressed in? | What are some words expressed in? | [
"What are some words expressed in?"
] | {
"text": [
"compound ideograms"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15625 | 5726bd02dd62a815002e8ed6 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters represent words of the language using several strategies. A few characters, including some of the most commonly used, were originally pictograms, which depicted the objects denoted, or simple ideograms, in which meaning was expressed iconically. Some other words were expressed by compound ideograms, ... | What were most words written in? | What were most words written in? | [
"What were most words written in?"
] | {
"text": [
"rebus principle"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15626 | 5726bd86f1498d1400e8e9b0 | Chinese_characters | Semantic-phonetic compounds or pictophonetic compounds are by far the most numerous characters. These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the p... | What are the most numerous characters? | What are the most numerous characters? | [
"What are the most numerous characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Semantic-phonetic compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15627 | 5726bd86f1498d1400e8e9b1 | Chinese_characters | Semantic-phonetic compounds or pictophonetic compounds are by far the most numerous characters. These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the p... | What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries? | What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries? | [
"What is the radical under which the character is listed in dictionaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"semantic indicator"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15628 | 5726bd86f1498d1400e8e9b2 | Chinese_characters | Semantic-phonetic compounds or pictophonetic compounds are by far the most numerous characters. These characters are composed of two parts: one of a limited set of characters (the semantic indicator, often graphically simplified) which suggests the general meaning of the compound character, and another character (the p... | What suggests the general meaning of a compound character? | What suggests the general meaning of a compound character? | [
"What suggests the general meaning of a compound character? "
] | {
"text": [
"semantic indicator"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15629 | 5726be17708984140094d001 | Chinese_characters | Examples are 河 hé "river", 湖 hú "lake", 流 liú "stream", 沖 chōng "riptide" (or "flush"), 滑 huá "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The r... | What side is a phonetic indicator located on? | What side is a phonetic indicator located on? | [
"What side is a phonetic indicator located on?"
] | {
"text": [
"right-hand side"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15630 | 5726be17708984140094d002 | Chinese_characters | Examples are 河 hé "river", 湖 hú "lake", 流 liú "stream", 沖 chōng "riptide" (or "flush"), 滑 huá "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The r... | What is the process of historical phonetic change? | What is the process of historical phonetic change? | [
"What is the process of historical phonetic change?"
] | {
"text": [
"phonetic indicator"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15631 | 5726be17708984140094d003 | Chinese_characters | Examples are 河 hé "river", 湖 hú "lake", 流 liú "stream", 沖 chōng "riptide" (or "flush"), 滑 huá "slippery". All these characters have on the left a radical of three short strokes (氵), which is a reduced form of the character 水 shuǐ meaning "water", indicating that the character has a semantic connection with water. The r... | What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today? | What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today? | [
"What process can sometimes seem arbitrary today?"
] | {
"text": [
"phonetic change"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15632 | 5726cac25951b619008f7e45 | Chinese_characters | Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly", where both characters have the insect radical 虫. A notable example is pipa (a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to ... | What is occasionally written with two characters that contain the same radical? | What is occasionally written with two characters that contain the same radical? | [
"What is occasionally written with two characters that contain the same radical?"
] | {
"text": [
"bisyllabic word"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15633 | 5726cac25951b619008f7e46 | Chinese_characters | Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly", where both characters have the insect radical 虫. A notable example is pipa (a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to ... | What is also a fruit? | What is also a fruit? | [
"What is also a fruit?"
] | {
"text": [
"pipa"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15634 | 5726cac25951b619008f7e47 | Chinese_characters | Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly", where both characters have the insect radical 虫. A notable example is pipa (a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to ... | What may share a radical without being meaningful? | What may share a radical without being meaningful? | [
"What may share a radical without being meaningful?"
] | {
"text": [
"compound word"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15635 | 5726cb77708984140094d18b | Chinese_characters | In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese wri... | What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades? | What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades? | [
"What may have been found at Neolithic sites in China in recent decades? "
] | {
"text": [
"series of inscribed graphs and pictures"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15636 | 5726cb77708984140094d18c | Chinese_characters | In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese wri... | What has demonstrated a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley? | What has demonstrated a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley? | [
"What has demonstrated a history of sign use in the Yellow River valley?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15637 | 5726cb77708984140094d18d | Chinese_characters | In recent decades, a series of inscribed graphs and pictures have been found at Neolithic sites in China, including Jiahu (c. 6500 BC), Dadiwan and Damaidi from the 6th millennium BC, and Banpo (5th millennium BC). Often these finds are accompanied by media reports that push back the purported beginnings of Chinese wri... | What color was the famous valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period? | What color was the famous valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period? | [
"What color was the famous valley during the Neolithic through to the Shang period?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
699
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15638 | 5726d6265951b619008f7f7d | Chinese_characters | The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC). These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in ... | What was the earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script? | What was the earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script? | [
"What was the earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script?"
] | {
"text": [
"oracle bones"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15639 | 5726d6265951b619008f7f7e | Chinese_characters | The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC). These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in ... | Where were the symbols carved on? | Where were the symbols carved on? | [
"Where were the symbols carved on?"
] | {
"text": [
"pieces of bone and turtle shell"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15640 | 5726d6265951b619008f7f7f | Chinese_characters | The earliest confirmed evidence of the Chinese script yet discovered is the body of inscriptions on oracle bones from the late Shang dynasty (c. 1200–1050 BC). These symbols, carved on pieces of bone and turtle shell being sold as "dragon bones" for medicinal purposes, were identified as Chinese writing by scholars in ... | Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to? | Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to? | [
"Where was the source of Oracle bones traced to?"
] | {
"text": [
"village near Anyang in Henan Province"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15641 | 5726d6b4708984140094d2ef | Chinese_characters | The traditional picture of an orderly series of scripts, each one invented suddenly and then completely displacing the previous one, has been conclusively demonstrated to be fiction by the archaeological finds and scholarly research of the later 20th and early 21st centuries. Gradual evolution and the coexistence of tw... | What existed as early as the Shang dynasty? | What existed as early as the Shang dynasty? | [
"What existed as early as the Shang dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"oracle-bone script"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15642 | 5726d6b4708984140094d2f0 | Chinese_characters | The traditional picture of an orderly series of scripts, each one invented suddenly and then completely displacing the previous one, has been conclusively demonstrated to be fiction by the archaeological finds and scholarly research of the later 20th and early 21st centuries. Gradual evolution and the coexistence of tw... | What did the oracle-bone script coexist alongside? | What did the oracle-bone script coexist alongside? | [
"What did the oracle-bone script coexist alongside?"
] | {
"text": [
"bamboo books"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15643 | 5726d6b4708984140094d2f1 | Chinese_characters | The traditional picture of an orderly series of scripts, each one invented suddenly and then completely displacing the previous one, has been conclusively demonstrated to be fiction by the archaeological finds and scholarly research of the later 20th and early 21st centuries. Gradual evolution and the coexistence of tw... | What were preserved in typical bronze inscriptions? | What were preserved in typical bronze inscriptions? | [
"What were preserved in typical bronze inscriptions?"
] | {
"text": [
"bamboo books"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15644 | 5726d7d4708984140094d32b | Chinese_characters | Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without an... | What has evolved over time? | What has evolved over time? | [
"What has evolved over time?"
] | {
"text": [
"scripts"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15645 | 5726d7d4708984140094d32c | Chinese_characters | Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without an... | What type of forms are bird and insect scripts considered? | What type of forms are bird and insect scripts considered? | [
"What type of forms are bird and insect scripts considered?"
] | {
"text": [
"decorative"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15646 | 5726d7d4708984140094d32d | Chinese_characters | Based on studies of these bronze inscriptions, it is clear that, from the Shang dynasty writing to that of the Western Zhou and early Eastern Zhou, the mainstream script evolved in a slow, unbroken fashion, until assuming the form that is now known as seal script in the late Eastern Zhou in the state of Qin, without an... | What is guwen considered as? | What is guwen considered as? | [
"What is guwen considered as?"
] | {
"text": [
"ancient forms"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15647 | 5726d8815951b619008f7fc3 | Chinese_characters | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | What has evolved slowly in the State of of Qin? | What has evolved slowly in the State of of Qin? | [
"What has evolved slowly in the State of of Qin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Seal script"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15648 | 5726d8815951b619008f7fc4 | Chinese_characters | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | What script runs counter to the traditional belief that the Qin dynasty had one script only? | What script runs counter to the traditional belief that the Qin dynasty had one script only? | [
"What script runs counter to the traditional belief that the Qin dynasty had one script only?"
] | {
"text": [
"clerical"
],
"answer_start": [
1118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15649 | 5726d8815951b619008f7fc5 | Chinese_characters | Seal script, which had evolved slowly in the state of Qin during the Eastern Zhou dynasty, became standardized and adopted as the formal script for all of China in the Qin dynasty (leading to a popular misconception that it was invented at that time), and was still widely used for decorative engraving and seals (name c... | What was invented in the early Han dynasty from the small seal script? | What was invented in the early Han dynasty from the small seal script? | [
"What was invented in the early Han dynasty from the small seal script?"
] | {
"text": [
"clerical script"
],
"answer_start": [
1118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15650 | 5726d94d708984140094d379 | Chinese_characters | Contrary to the popular belief of there being only one script per period, there were in fact multiple scripts in use during the Han period. Although mature clerical script, also called 八分 (bāfēn) script, was dominant at that time, an early type of cursive script was also in use by the Han by at least as early as 24 BC ... | Were multiple scripts used during the Han period? | Were multiple scripts used during the Han period? | [
"Were multiple scripts used during the Han period?"
] | {
"text": [
"there were in fact multiple scripts in use"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15651 | 5726d94d708984140094d37a | Chinese_characters | Contrary to the popular belief of there being only one script per period, there were in fact multiple scripts in use during the Han period. Although mature clerical script, also called 八分 (bāfēn) script, was dominant at that time, an early type of cursive script was also in use by the Han by at least as early as 24 BC ... | What was one of the more dominant scripts during the time? | What was one of the more dominant scripts during the time? | [
"What was one of the more dominant scripts during the time?"
] | {
"text": [
"bāfēn"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15652 | 5726d94d708984140094d37b | Chinese_characters | Contrary to the popular belief of there being only one script per period, there were in fact multiple scripts in use during the Han period. Although mature clerical script, also called 八分 (bāfēn) script, was dominant at that time, an early type of cursive script was also in use by the Han by at least as early as 24 BC ... | What name stood for "orderly"? | What name stood for "orderly"? | [
"What name stood for \"orderly\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"zhāng"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15653 | 5726da9b708984140094d3a5 | Chinese_characters | By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rat... | What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period? | What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period? | [
"What appeared at the end of the late Eastern Han period?"
] | {
"text": [
"early form of semi-cursive script"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15654 | 5726da9b708984140094d3a6 | Chinese_characters | By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rat... | What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng? | What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng? | [
"What script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng?"
] | {
"text": [
"semi-cursive"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15655 | 5726da9b708984140094d3a7 | Chinese_characters | By the late Eastern Han period, an early form of semi-cursive script appeared, developing out of a cursively written form of neo-clerical script[c] and simple cursive. This semi-cursive script was traditionally attributed to Liu Desheng c. 147–188 AD,[d] although such attributions refer to early masters of a script rat... | Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script? | Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script? | [
"Who showed examples of early semi-cursive script?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qiu"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15656 | 5726db305951b619008f8027 | Chinese_characters | Regular script has been attributed to Zhong Yao, of the Eastern Han to Cao Wei period (c. 151–230 AD), who has been called the "father of regular script". However, some scholars postulate that one person alone could not have developed a new script which was universally adopted, but could only have been a contributor to... | What had been linked to Zhong Yao? | What had been linked to Zhong Yao? | [
"What had been linked to Zhong Yao?"
] | {
"text": [
"Regular script"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15657 | 5726db305951b619008f8028 | Chinese_characters | Regular script has been attributed to Zhong Yao, of the Eastern Han to Cao Wei period (c. 151–230 AD), who has been called the "father of regular script". However, some scholars postulate that one person alone could not have developed a new script which was universally adopted, but could only have been a contributor to... | What was Zhong Yao known for? | What was Zhong Yao known for? | [
"What was Zhong Yao known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"father of regular script"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15658 | 5726db305951b619008f8029 | Chinese_characters | Regular script has been attributed to Zhong Yao, of the Eastern Han to Cao Wei period (c. 151–230 AD), who has been called the "father of regular script". However, some scholars postulate that one person alone could not have developed a new script which was universally adopted, but could only have been a contributor to... | Who was the son of Wang Zishi? | Who was the son of Wang Zishi? | [
"Who was the son of Wang Zishi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wang Xianzhi"
],
"answer_start": [
1038
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15659 | 5726db92708984140094d3cf | Chinese_characters | It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular scri... | What were the North and South considered as? | What were the North and South considered as? | [
"What were the North and South considered as?"
] | {
"text": [
"dynasties"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15660 | 5726db92708984140094d3d0 | Chinese_characters | It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular scri... | What continued to evolve stylistically? | What continued to evolve stylistically? | [
"What continued to evolve stylistically?"
] | {
"text": [
"regular script"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15661 | 5726db92708984140094d3d1 | Chinese_characters | It was not until the Northern and Southern dynasties that regular script rose to dominant status. During that period, regular script continued evolving stylistically, reaching full maturity in the early Tang dynasty. Some call the writing of the early Tang calligrapher Ouyang Xun (557–641) the first mature regular scri... | What script saw no more stages of evolution? | What script saw no more stages of evolution? | [
"What script saw no more stages of evolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"mainstream"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15662 | 5726dc26708984140094d3e5 | Chinese_characters | For instance, to look up the character where the sound is not known, e.g., 松 (pine tree), the user first determines which part of the character is the radical (here 木), then counts the number of strokes in the radical (four), and turns to the radical index (usually located on the inside front or back cover of the dicti... | What contains four strokes? | What contains four strokes? | [
"What contains four strokes?"
] | {
"text": [
"right half of the character"
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15663 | 5726dc26708984140094d3e6 | Chinese_characters | For instance, to look up the character where the sound is not known, e.g., 松 (pine tree), the user first determines which part of the character is the radical (here 木), then counts the number of strokes in the radical (four), and turns to the radical index (usually located on the inside front or back cover of the dicti... | What do some dictionaries have? | What do some dictionaries have? | [
"What do some dictionaries have?"
] | {
"text": [
"sub-index"
],
"answer_start": [
885
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15664 | 5726dc26708984140094d3e7 | Chinese_characters | For instance, to look up the character where the sound is not known, e.g., 松 (pine tree), the user first determines which part of the character is the radical (here 木), then counts the number of strokes in the radical (four), and turns to the radical index (usually located on the inside front or back cover of the dicti... | What gives remaining stroke numbers? | What gives remaining stroke numbers? | [
"What gives remaining stroke numbers?"
] | {
"text": [
"sub-index"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15665 | 5726dc90dd62a815002e931a | Chinese_characters | Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radi... | What often allow users to locate entries in several ways? | What often allow users to locate entries in several ways? | [
"What often allow users to locate entries in several ways?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese character dictionaries"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15666 | 5726dc90dd62a815002e931b | Chinese_characters | Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radi... | What lists Chinese characters in radical order? | What lists Chinese characters in radical order? | [
"What lists Chinese characters in radical order?"
] | {
"text": [
"Korean dictionaries"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15667 | 5726dc90dd62a815002e931c | Chinese_characters | Chinese character dictionaries often allow users to locate entries in several ways. Many Chinese, Japanese, and Korean dictionaries of Chinese characters list characters in radical order: characters are grouped together by radical, and radicals containing fewer strokes come before radicals containing more strokes (radi... | What is grouped together by radicals? | What is grouped together by radicals? | [
"What is grouped together by radicals?"
] | {
"text": [
"characters"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15668 | 5726dd13f1498d1400e8edb8 | Chinese_characters | While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century mu... | What can be easily coined by writing on paper? | What can be easily coined by writing on paper? | [
"What can be easily coined by writing on paper?"
] | {
"text": [
"characters"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15669 | 5726dd13f1498d1400e8edb9 | Chinese_characters | While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century mu... | What can be difficult to represent on a computer? | What can be difficult to represent on a computer? | [
"What can be difficult to represent on a computer?"
] | {
"text": [
"characters"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15670 | 5726dd13f1498d1400e8edba | Chinese_characters | While new characters can be easily coined by writing on paper, they are difficult to represent on a computer – they must generally be represented as a picture, rather than as text – which presents a significant barrier to their use or widespread adoption. Compare this with the use of symbols as names in 20th century mu... | What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century? | What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century? | [
"What has their been a prominent supply of in the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"symbols"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15671 | 5726dd7fdd62a815002e9334 | Chinese_characters | New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which c... | What can be coined at any time? | What can be coined at any time? | [
"What can be coined at any time?"
] | {
"text": [
"New characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15672 | 5726dd7fdd62a815002e9335 | Chinese_characters | New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which c... | What may not be adopted? | What may not be adopted? | [
"What may not be adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"new words"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15673 | 5726dd7fdd62a815002e9336 | Chinese_characters | New characters can in principle be coined at any time, just as new words can be, but they may not be adopted. Significant historically recent coinages date to scientific terms of the 19th century. Specifically, Chinese coined new characters for chemical elements – see chemical elements in East Asian languages – which c... | What are also known as Japanese-coinages? | What are also known as Japanese-coinages? | [
"What are also known as Japanese-coinages?"
] | {
"text": [
"kokuji"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15674 | 5726ddf1f1498d1400e8edfe | Chinese_characters | In addition, there are a number of dialect characters (方言字) that are not used in formal written Chinese but represent colloquial terms in non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. One such variety is Written Cantonese, in widespread use in Hong Kong even for certain formal documents, due to the former British colonial adminis... | What are not used in formal written Chinese? | What are not used in formal written Chinese? | [
"What are not used in formal written Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"dialect characters"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15675 | 5726ddf1f1498d1400e8edff | Chinese_characters | In addition, there are a number of dialect characters (方言字) that are not used in formal written Chinese but represent colloquial terms in non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. One such variety is Written Cantonese, in widespread use in Hong Kong even for certain formal documents, due to the former British colonial adminis... | What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese? | What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese? | [
"What contains a block of characters used to showcase Hokkien Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiwan"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15676 | 5726ddf1f1498d1400e8ee00 | Chinese_characters | In addition, there are a number of dialect characters (方言字) that are not used in formal written Chinese but represent colloquial terms in non-Mandarin varieties of Chinese. One such variety is Written Cantonese, in widespread use in Hong Kong even for certain formal documents, due to the former British colonial adminis... | What was the preference for all mainland regions? | What was the preference for all mainland regions? | [
"What was the preference for all mainland regions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mandarin"
],
"answer_start": [
763
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15677 | 5726def0f1498d1400e8ee34 | Chinese_characters | In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-T... | What supports 48,027 characters? | What supports 48,027 characters? | [
"What supports 48,027 characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"the official national encoding standard"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15678 | 5726def0f1498d1400e8ee35 | Chinese_characters | In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-T... | What supports 13,053 characters? | What supports 13,053 characters? | [
"What supports 13,053 characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"BIG-5"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15679 | 5726def0f1498d1400e8ee36 | Chinese_characters | In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-T... | What area uses traditional Chinese characters? | What area uses traditional Chinese characters? | [
"What area uses traditional Chinese characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiwan"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15680 | 5726dfbbf1498d1400e8ee40 | Chinese_characters | In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese... | What country uses simplified Chinese characters? | What country uses simplified Chinese characters? | [
"What country uses simplified Chinese characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15681 | 5726dfbbf1498d1400e8ee41 | Chinese_characters | In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese... | What lists 2,500 common characters? | What lists 2,500 common characters? | [
"What lists 2,500 common characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15682 | 5726dfbbf1498d1400e8ee42 | Chinese_characters | In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese... | What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China? | What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China? | [
"What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China?"
] | {
"text": [
"GB2312"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15683 | 5726e058f1498d1400e8ee4c | Chinese_characters | Modified radicals and new variants are two common reasons for the ever-increasing number of characters. There are about 300 radicals and 100 are in common use. Creating a new character by modifying the radical is an easy way to disambiguate homographs among xíngshēngzì pictophonetic compounds. This practice began long ... | What is written in modern usage? | What is written in modern usage? | [
"What is written in modern usage?"
] | {
"text": [
"new characters"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15684 | 5726e058f1498d1400e8ee4d | Chinese_characters | Modified radicals and new variants are two common reasons for the ever-increasing number of characters. There are about 300 radicals and 100 are in common use. Creating a new character by modifying the radical is an easy way to disambiguate homographs among xíngshēngzì pictophonetic compounds. This practice began long ... | What is one consequence of modifying radicals? | What is one consequence of modifying radicals? | [
"What is one consequence of modifying radicals?"
] | {
"text": [
"fossilization"
],
"answer_start": [
831
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15685 | 5726e058f1498d1400e8ee4e | Chinese_characters | Modified radicals and new variants are two common reasons for the ever-increasing number of characters. There are about 300 radicals and 100 are in common use. Creating a new character by modifying the radical is an easy way to disambiguate homographs among xíngshēngzì pictophonetic compounds. This practice began long ... | What combines "grain radical" with the "mouth radical"? | What combines "grain radical" with the "mouth radical"? | [
"What combines \"grain radical\" with the \"mouth radical\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"harmony, peace\""
],
"answer_start": [
958
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15686 | 5726e0b8f1498d1400e8ee5c | Chinese_characters | Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characte... | What does not include characters in the Chinese family? | What does not include characters in the Chinese family? | [
"What does not include characters in the Chinese family?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zhonghua Zihai"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15687 | 5726e0b8f1498d1400e8ee5d | Chinese_characters | Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characte... | What is formed by Chinese principles? | What is formed by Chinese principles? | [
"What is formed by Chinese principles? "
] | {
"text": [
"Characters"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15688 | 5726e0b8f1498d1400e8ee5e | Chinese_characters | Even the Zhonghua Zihai does not include characters in the Chinese family of scripts created to represent non-Chinese languages. Characters formed by Chinese principles in other languages include the roughly 1,500 Japanese-made kokuji given in the Kokuji no Jiten, the Korean-made gukja, the over 10,000 Sawndip characte... | What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes? | What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes? | [
"What created over 5,000 characters with similar strokes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tangut script"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15689 | 5726e1275951b619008f8137 | Chinese_characters | The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters... | What remains unknowable? | What remains unknowable? | [
"What remains unknowable?"
] | {
"text": [
"The total number of Chinese characters from past to present"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15690 | 5726e1275951b619008f8138 | Chinese_characters | The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters... | What becomes developed all the time? | What becomes developed all the time? | [
"What becomes developed all the time?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15691 | 5726e1275951b619008f8139 | Chinese_characters | The total number of Chinese characters from past to present remains unknowable because new ones are developed all the time – for instance, brands may create new characters when none of the existing ones allow for the intended meaning. Chinese characters are theoretically an open set and anyone can create new characters... | What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory? | What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory? | [
"What is the best means of estimating the historical growth of character inventory?"
] | {
"text": [
"number of entries in major Chinese dictionaries"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15692 | 5726e1b9dd62a815002e93be | Chinese_characters | One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng, listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that c... | What is one of the most complex characters in modern Chinese dictionaries? | What is one of the most complex characters in modern Chinese dictionaries? | [
"What is one of the most complex characters in modern Chinese dictionaries?"
] | {
"text": [
"U+9F49"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15693 | 5726e1b9dd62a815002e93bf | Chinese_characters | One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng, listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that c... | What features 33 strokes? | What features 33 strokes? | [
"What features 33 strokes?"
] | {
"text": [
"xiān"
],
"answer_start": [
914
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15694 | 5726e1b9dd62a815002e93c0 | Chinese_characters | One of the most complex characters found in modern Chinese dictionaries[g] is 齉 (U+9F49) (nàng, listen (help·info), pictured below, middle image), meaning "snuffle" (that is, a pronunciation marred by a blocked nose), with "just" thirty-six strokes. However, this is not in common use. The most complex character that c... | What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries? | What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries? | [
"What are among the most complex characters in modern dictionaries? "
] | {
"text": [
"yù"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15695 | 5726e208f1498d1400e8ee92 | Chinese_characters | There are also some extremely complex characters which have understandably become rather rare. According to Joël Bellassen (1989), the most complex Chinese character is /𪚥 (U+2A6A5) zhé listen (help·info), meaning "verbose" and containing sixty-four strokes; this character fell from use around the 5th century. It mig... | What have become more rare? | What have become more rare? | [
"What have become more rare?"
] | {
"text": [
"complex characters"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15696 | 5726e208f1498d1400e8ee93 | Chinese_characters | There are also some extremely complex characters which have understandably become rather rare. According to Joël Bellassen (1989), the most complex Chinese character is /𪚥 (U+2A6A5) zhé listen (help·info), meaning "verbose" and containing sixty-four strokes; this character fell from use around the 5th century. It mig... | What is the most complex Chinese character? | What is the most complex Chinese character? | [
"What is the most complex Chinese character?"
] | {
"text": [
"zhé"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15697 | 5726e208f1498d1400e8ee94 | Chinese_characters | There are also some extremely complex characters which have understandably become rather rare. According to Joël Bellassen (1989), the most complex Chinese character is /𪚥 (U+2A6A5) zhé listen (help·info), meaning "verbose" and containing sixty-four strokes; this character fell from use around the 5th century. It mig... | What is one 64-stroke character? | What is one 64-stroke character? | [
"What is one 64-stroke character?"
] | {
"text": [
"zhèng"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15698 | 5726e27e708984140094d4bd | Chinese_characters | One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is t... | Who is a Taiwanese politician? | Who is a Taiwanese politician? | [
"Who is a Taiwanese politician?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yu Shyi-kun"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15699 | 5726e27e708984140094d4be | Chinese_characters | One man who has encountered this problem is Taiwanese politician Yu Shyi-kun, due to the rarity of the last character in his name. Newspapers have dealt with this problem in varying ways, including using software to combine two existing, similar characters, including a picture of the personality, or, especially as is t... | What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols? | What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols? | [
"What will often add bopomofo phonetic symbols?"
] | {
"text": [
"movie posters"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
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