gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-15800 | 57341c75d058e614000b695e | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | What is not always respected in popular use? | What is not always respected in popular use? | [
"What is not always respected in popular use?"
] | {
"text": [
"specialized connotation of the word \"contagious\""
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15801 | 5a82f5d3e60761001a2eb25b | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | When are infectious diseases called impossible diseases? | When are infectious diseases called impossible diseases? | [
"When are infectious diseases called impossible diseases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15802 | 5a82f5d3e60761001a2eb25c | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | What is a contagious disease more important than? | What is a contagious disease more important than? | [
"What is a contagious disease more important than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15803 | 5a82f5d3e60761001a2eb25d | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | What sets a contagious disease equal to a standard infectious disease? | What sets a contagious disease equal to a standard infectious disease? | [
"What sets a contagious disease equal to a standard infectious disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15804 | 5a82f5d3e60761001a2eb25e | Infection | Infectious diseases are sometimes called contagious disease when they are easily transmitted by contact with an ill person or their secretions (e.g., influenza). Thus, a contagious disease is a subset of infectious disease that is especially infective or easily transmitted. Other types of infectious/transmissible/commu... | What is always respected in popular use? | What is always respected in popular use? | [
"What is always respected in popular use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15805 | 57341d3f4776f419006618a9 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | When does infection begin? | When does infection begin? | [
"When does infection begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies."
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15806 | 57341d3f4776f419006618aa | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What group is not easily infected? | What group is not easily infected? | [
"What group is not easily infected?"
] | {
"text": [
"humans"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15807 | 57341d3f4776f419006618ab | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | [
"What group of humans have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?"
] | {
"text": [
"weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15808 | 57341d3f4776f419006618ac | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections? | What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections? | [
"What individuals are particularly susceptible to opportunistic infections?"
] | {
"text": [
"Individuals who have a suppressed immune system"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15809 | 57341d3f4776f419006618ad | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells? | What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells? | [
"What is it called when a pathogen grows within the host cells?"
] | {
"text": [
"intracellular"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15810 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb263 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | When does infection become unstoppable? | When does infection become unstoppable? | [
"When does infection become unstoppable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15811 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb264 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What group is never infected? | What group is never infected? | [
"What group is never infected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15812 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb265 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections? | [
"What group of humans have no susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15813 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb266 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What individuals are particularly safe to opportunistic infections? | What individuals are particularly safe to opportunistic infections? | [
"What individuals are particularly safe to opportunistic infections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15814 | 5a82f6e9e60761001a2eb267 | Infection | Infection begins when an organism successfully enters the body, grows and multiplies. This is referred to as colonization. Most humans are not easily infected. Those who are weak, sick, malnourished, have cancer or are diabetic have increased susceptibility to chronic or persistent infections. Individuals who have a su... | What is it called when a pathogen explodes within the host cells? | What is it called when a pathogen explodes within the host cells? | [
"What is it called when a pathogen explodes within the host cells?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15815 | 57341dc0d058e614000b696a | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What does wound colonization refer to? | What does wound colonization refer to? | [
"What does wound colonization refer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15816 | 57341dc0d058e614000b696b | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds? | What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds? | [
"What type of organisms exist and injure tissue in infected wounds?"
] | {
"text": [
"replicating"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15817 | 57341dc0d058e614000b696c | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by? | What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by? | [
"What are all multcellular organisms colonized to some degree by?"
] | {
"text": [
"extrinsic organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15818 | 57341dc0d058e614000b696d | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What species colonizes the mammalian colon? | What species colonizes the mammalian colon? | [
"What species colonizes the mammalian colon?"
] | {
"text": [
"anaerobic bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15819 | 57341dc0d058e614000b696e | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What's the difference between an infection and a colonization? | What's the difference between an infection and a colonization? | [
"What's the difference between an infection and a colonization?"
] | {
"text": [
"only a matter of circumstance"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15820 | 5a82f81be60761001a2eb26d | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What does wound colonization mean to avoid? | What does wound colonization mean to avoid? | [
"What does wound colonization mean to avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15821 | 5a82f81be60761001a2eb26e | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What are few multicellular organisms colonized to some degree by? | What are few multicellular organisms colonized to some degree by? | [
"What are few multicellular organisms colonized to some degree by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15822 | 5a82f81be60761001a2eb26f | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What type of organisms tickle and heal tissue in infected wounds? | What type of organisms tickle and heal tissue in infected wounds? | [
"What type of organisms tickle and heal tissue in infected wounds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15823 | 5a82f81be60761001a2eb270 | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What's the only similarity between an infection and a colonization? | What's the only similarity between an infection and a colonization? | [
"What's the only similarity between an infection and a colonization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15824 | 5a82f81be60761001a2eb271 | Infection | Wound colonization refers to nonreplicating microorganisms within the wound, while in infected wounds, replicating organisms exist and tissue is injured. All multicellular organisms are colonized to some degree by extrinsic organisms, and the vast majority of these exist in either a mutualistic or commensal relationshi... | What rodent colonizes the mammalian colon? | What rodent colonizes the mammalian colon? | [
"What rodent colonizes the mammalian colon?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15825 | 57341e404776f419006618c3 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected? | Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected? | [
"Why is it difficult to now which chronic wounds are infected?"
] | {
"text": [
"Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15826 | 57341e404776f419006618c4 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? | What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? | [
"What is there limited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?"
] | {
"text": [
"symptoms and signs"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15827 | 57341e404776f419006618c5 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What is increased pain an indicator of? | What is increased pain an indicator of? | [
"What is increased pain an indicator of?"
] | {
"text": [
"infection"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15828 | 57341e404776f419006618c6 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What does not rule out infection? | What does not rule out infection? | [
"What does not rule out infection?"
] | {
"text": [
"absence of pain"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15829 | 5a82f946e60761001a2eb281 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | Why is it easy to know which chronic wounds are infected? | Why is it easy to know which chronic wounds are infected? | [
"Why is it easy to know which chronic wounds are infected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15830 | 5a82f946e60761001a2eb282 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What is there unlimited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? | What is there unlimited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice? | [
"What is there unlimited quality data for evaluating despite the huge number of wounds seen in a clinical practice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15831 | 5a82f946e60761001a2eb283 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What is reduced pain an indicator of? | What is reduced pain an indicator of? | [
"What is reduced pain an indicator of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15832 | 5a82f946e60761001a2eb284 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What will always rule out infection? | What will always rule out infection? | [
"What will always rule out infection?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15833 | 5a82f946e60761001a2eb285 | Infection | Because it is normal to have bacterial colonization, it is difficult to know which chronic wounds are infected. Despite the huge number of wounds seen in clinical practice, there are limited quality data for evaluated symptoms and signs. A review of chronic wounds in the Journal of the American Medical Association's "R... | What is rarely seen in clinical practice? | What is rarely seen in clinical practice? | [
"What is rarely seen in clinical practice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15834 | 57341fdd4776f419006618d3 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host? | Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host? | [
"Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host?"
] | {
"text": [
"damage"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15835 | 57341fdd4776f419006618d4 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of? | What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of? | [
"What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of?"
] | {
"text": [
"toxins"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15836 | 57341fdd4776f419006618d5 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do? | What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do? | [
"What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do?"
] | {
"text": [
"paralyzes muscles"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15837 | 57341fdd4776f419006618d6 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis? | What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis? | [
"What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis?"
] | {
"text": [
"staphylococcus"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15838 | 57341fdd4776f419006618d7 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease? | What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease? | [
"What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"less than 5%"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15839 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb29f | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise? | When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise? | [
"When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15840 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb2a0 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of? | What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of? | [
"What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15841 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb2a1 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid? | What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid? | [
"What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15842 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb2a2 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria? | What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria? | [
"What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15843 | 5a82fa8ae60761001a2eb2a3 | Infection | Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases ... | What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death? | What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death? | [
"What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15844 | 5734203ed058e614000b6982 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Why do persistent infections occur? | Why do persistent infections occur? | [
"Why do persistent infections occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15845 | 5734203ed058e614000b6983 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual presence of? | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual presence of? | [
"What are persistent infections characterized by the continual presence of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the infectious organism"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15846 | 5734203ed058e614000b6984 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | How can some viruses main a persistent infection? | How can some viruses main a persistent infection? | [
"How can some viruses main a persistent infection?"
] | {
"text": [
"by infecting different cells of the body"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15847 | 5734203ed058e614000b6985 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | What never leave the body when acquired? | What never leave the body when acquired? | [
"What never leave the body when acquired?"
] | {
"text": [
"Some viruses"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15848 | 5734203ed058e614000b6986 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Where does the herpes virus hide? | Where does the herpes virus hide? | [
"Where does the herpes virus hide?"
] | {
"text": [
"in nerves"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15849 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b3 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Why do persistent infections never occur? | Why do persistent infections never occur? | [
"Why do persistent infections never occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15850 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b4 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of? | What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of? | [
"What are persistent infections characterized by the continual absence of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15851 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b5 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | How can some viruses cure a persistent infection? | How can some viruses cure a persistent infection? | [
"How can some viruses cure a persistent infection?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15852 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b6 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | What always leave the body when acquired? | What always leave the body when acquired? | [
"What always leave the body when acquired?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15853 | 5a82fb2ee60761001a2eb2b7 | Infection | Persistent infections occur because the body is unable to clear the organism after the initial infection. Persistent infections are characterized by the continual presence of the infectious organism, often as latent infection with occasional recurrent relapses of active infection. There are some viruses that can mainta... | Where does the herpes virus avoid? | Where does the herpes virus avoid? | [
"Where does the herpes virus avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15854 | 573420d9d058e614000b6996 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying? | What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying? | [
"What does diagnosis of an infectious sometimes involve identifying? "
] | {
"text": [
"an infectious agent either directly or indirectly"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15855 | 573420d9d058e614000b6997 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation? | Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation? | [
"Many minor infectious diseases are diagnosed by what type of presentation?"
] | {
"text": [
"clinical"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15856 | 573420d9d058e614000b6998 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | How are minor infectious diseases treated? | How are minor infectious diseases treated? | [
"How are minor infectious diseases treated?"
] | {
"text": [
"without knowledge of the specific causative agent"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15857 | 573420d9d058e614000b6999 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | What can be identified given sufficient effort? | What can be identified given sufficient effort? | [
"What can be identified given sufficient effort?"
] | {
"text": [
"all known infectious agents"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15858 | 573420d9d058e614000b699a | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent? | Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent? | [
"Why is it often not worth bothering to identify an infectious agent?"
] | {
"text": [
"greatly outweighed by the cost"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15859 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2c7 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | What does diagnosis of an infectious always involve ignoring? | What does diagnosis of an infectious always involve ignoring? | [
"What does diagnosis of an infectious always involve ignoring?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15860 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2c8 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | How are many minor infectious diseases diagnosed illegally? | How are many minor infectious diseases diagnosed illegally? | [
"How are many minor infectious diseases diagnosed illegally?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15861 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2c9 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | How are all infectious diseases treated? | How are all infectious diseases treated? | [
"How are all infectious diseases treated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15862 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2ca | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | What can be identified given no effort? | What can be identified given no effort? | [
"What can be identified given no effort?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15863 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2cb | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent? | Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent? | [
"Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15864 | 573421ecd058e614000b69b2 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated? | How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated? | [
"How is diagnosis of infectious disease almost always initiated?"
] | {
"text": [
"by medical history and physical examination"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15865 | 573421ecd058e614000b69b3 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow? | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow? | [
"What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient allow?"
] | {
"text": [
"detailed identification"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15866 | 573421ecd058e614000b69b4 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining? | What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining? | [
"What features of an infectious organism does a culture allow examining?"
] | {
"text": [
"microscopic features"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15867 | 573421ecd058e614000b69b5 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What can organisms be directly identified by? | What can organisms be directly identified by? | [
"What can organisms be directly identified by?"
] | {
"text": [
"its genotype"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15868 | 573421ecd058e614000b69b6 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities? | What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities? | [
"What technique can be used to produce images of internal abnormalities?"
] | {
"text": [
"X-rays, CAT scans, PET scans or NMR"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15869 | 5a82fd94e60761001a2eb2d1 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | How is diagnosis of infectious disease rarely initiated? | How is diagnosis of infectious disease rarely initiated? | [
"How is diagnosis of infectious disease rarely initiated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15870 | 5a82fd94e60761001a2eb2d2 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient restrict? | What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient restrict? | [
"What does taking a culture of an infectious agent isolated from a patient restrict?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15871 | 5a82fd94e60761001a2eb2d3 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What features of an infectious organism does a culture forbid examining? | What features of an infectious organism does a culture forbid examining? | [
"What features of an infectious organism does a culture forbid examining?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15872 | 5a82fd94e60761001a2eb2d4 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What can organisms never be directly identified by? | What can organisms never be directly identified by? | [
"What can organisms never be directly identified by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15873 | 5a82fd94e60761001a2eb2d5 | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease is nearly always initiated by medical history and physical examination. More detailed identification techniques involve the culture of infectious agents isolated from a patient. Culture allows identification of infectious organisms by examining their microscopic features, by detecting th... | What technique can be used to produce images of external abnormalities? | What technique can be used to produce images of external abnormalities? | [
"What technique can be used to produce images of external abnormalities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15874 | 573422a84776f4190066191d | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | [
"What type of culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"Microbiological"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15875 | 573422a84776f4190066191e | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? | What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? | [
"What type of medium is provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"growth"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15876 | 573422a84776f4190066191f | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on? | What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on? | [
"What are most pathogenic bacteria easily grown on?"
] | {
"text": [
"nutrient agar"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15877 | 573422a84776f41900661920 | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate? | What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate? | [
"What is it called when a visible mound forms on the surface of a plate?"
] | {
"text": [
"a colony"
],
"answer_start": [
583
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15878 | 573422a84776f41900661921 | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? | What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? | [
"What is a region of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?"
] | {
"text": [
"a \"plaque\""
],
"answer_start": [
1459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15879 | 5a8300f5e60761001a2eb2db | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What type of hammer is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | What type of hammer is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease? | [
"What type of hammer is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15880 | 5a8300f5e60761001a2eb2dc | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What type of medium is not typically provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? | What type of medium is not typically provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture? | [
"What type of medium is not typically provided for a specific agent in a microbial culture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15881 | 5a8300f5e60761001a2eb2dd | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What are most pathogenic bacteria unable to grow on? | What are most pathogenic bacteria unable to grow on? | [
"What are most pathogenic bacteria unable to grow on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15882 | 5a8300f5e60761001a2eb2de | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What is it called when an invisible mound forms on the surface of a plate? | What is it called when an invisible mound forms on the surface of a plate? | [
"What is it called when an invisible mound forms on the surface of a plate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15883 | 5a8300f5e60761001a2eb2df | Infection | Microbiological culture is a principal tool used to diagnose infectious disease. In a microbial culture, a growth medium is provided for a specific agent. A sample taken from potentially diseased tissue or fluid is then tested for the presence of an infectious agent able to grow within that medium. Most pathogenic bact... | What is a planet of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? | What is a planet of dead cells resulting from viral growth called? | [
"What is a planet of dead cells resulting from viral growth called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15884 | 573423284776f4190066192d | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What are live animals required by? | What are live animals required by? | [
"What are live animals required by?"
] | {
"text": [
"some microbes"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15885 | 573423284776f4190066192e | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum be grown in? | What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum be grown in? | [
"What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum be grown in?"
] | {
"text": [
"animals"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15886 | 573423284776f4190066192f | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in? | What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in? | [
"What type of eggs may some viruses be grown in?"
] | {
"text": [
"embryonated"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15887 | 573423284776f41900661930 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What is Xenodiagnosis? | What is Xenodiagnosis? | [
"What is Xenodiagnosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"use of a vector to support the growth of an infectious agent"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15888 | 573423294776f41900661931 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease? | What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease? | [
"What is it difficult to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease?"
] | {
"text": [
"the causative agent"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15889 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e5 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What are live animals unnecessary for? | What are live animals unnecessary for? | [
"What are live animals unnecessary for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15890 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e6 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum never be grown in? | What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum never be grown in? | [
"What can Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum never be grown in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15891 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e7 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in? | What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in? | [
"What type of eggs may no viruses be grown in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15892 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e8 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What does Xenodiagnosis avoid doing? | What does Xenodiagnosis avoid doing? | [
"What does Xenodiagnosis avoid doing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15893 | 5a83019fe60761001a2eb2e9 | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What is simple to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease? | What is simple to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease? | [
"What is simple to demonstrate the presence of in Chagas disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15894 | 573423bed058e614000b69d0 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What is microscopy used for? | What is microscopy used for? | [
"What is microscopy used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"diagnosis of infectious disease"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15895 | 573423bed058e614000b69d1 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What do virtually all culture techniques rely on at some point? | What do virtually all culture techniques rely on at some point? | [
"What do virtually all culture techniques rely on at some point?"
] | {
"text": [
"microscopic examination"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15896 | 573423bed058e614000b69d2 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under? | What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under? | [
"What can samples obtained from patients viewed directly under?"
] | {
"text": [
"light microscope"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15897 | 573423bed058e614000b69d3 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? | When is microscopy exquisitely specific? | [
"When is microscopy exquisitely specific?"
] | {
"text": [
"when used in combination with antibody based techniques."
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15898 | 573423bed058e614000b69d4 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? | What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? | [
"What can antibodies with artificial fluorescence be directed to do? "
] | {
"text": [
"bind to and identify a specific antigens present on a pathogen"
],
"answer_start": [
812
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15899 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2ef | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | What is microscopy unnecessary for? | What is microscopy unnecessary for? | [
"What is microscopy unnecessary for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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