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gem-squad_v2-train-17200
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8b
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is OSHA?
What is OSHA?
[ "What is OSHA?" ]
{ "text": [ "Occupational Safety and Health Administration" ], "answer_start": [ 756 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17201
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8c
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?
What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?
[ "What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 8-hour workday?" ]
{ "text": [ "0.25 mg/m3" ], "answer_start": [ 889 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17202
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8d
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What does REL stand for?
What does REL stand for?
[ "What does REL stand for?" ]
{ "text": [ "recommended exposure limit" ], "answer_start": [ 1000 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17203
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8e
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
[ "What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?" ]
{ "text": [ "0.2 mg/m3" ], "answer_start": [ 1036 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17204
570e37d60b85d914000d7d8f
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
[ "At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?" ]
{ "text": [ "10 mg/m3" ], "answer_start": [ 1119 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17205
5ad15364645df0001a2d1782
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is OHSA?
What is OHSA?
[ "What is OHSA?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17206
5ad15364645df0001a2d1783
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 9-hour workday?
What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 9-hour workday?
[ "What is the OSHA uranium exposure limit for an 9-hour workday?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17207
5ad15364645df0001a2d1784
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What doesn't REL stand for?
What doesn't REL stand for?
[ "What doesn't REL stand for?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17208
5ad15364645df0001a2d1785
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
What is the NIOSH plutonium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
What is the NIOSH plutonium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?
[ "What is the NIOSH plutonium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17209
5ad15364645df0001a2d1786
Uranium
A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or tested nuclear weapons, live or work near a modern battlefield where depleted uranium weapons have been used, or live or work near a coal-fired power plant, facilities that mine or process uranium ore, or enrich uranium for reactor fuel, may have increased exposure to uranium. Houses or structures that are over uranium deposits (either natural or man-made slag deposits) may have an increased incidence of exposure to radon gas. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set the permissible exposure limit for uranium exposure in the workplace as 0.25 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.2 mg/m3 over an 8-hour workday and a short-term limit of 0.6 mg/m3. At levels of 10 mg/m3, uranium is immediately dangerous to life and health.
At what level of exposure doesn't uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
At what level of exposure doesn't uranium become imminently dangerous to health?
[ "At what level of exposure doesn't uranium become imminently dangerous to health?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17210
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9b
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?
Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?
[ "Along with UO2, what is the commonest form of uranium oxide?" ]
{ "text": [ "triuranium octoxide" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17211
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9c
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
What is the stablest uranium compound?
What is the stablest uranium compound?
[ "What is the stablest uranium compound?" ]
{ "text": [ "Triuranium octoxide" ], "answer_start": [ 217 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17212
570e386c0dc6ce1900204e9d
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
[ "In what form is uranium most often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?" ]
{ "text": [ "Uranium dioxide" ], "answer_start": [ 349 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17213
5ad14aa7645df0001a2d15b2
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
Along with UO2, what is the least commonest form of uranium oxide?
Along with UO2, what is the least commonest form of uranium oxide?
[ "Along with UO2, what is the least commonest form of uranium oxide?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17214
5ad14aa7645df0001a2d15b3
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
What is the least stable uranium compound?
What is the least stable uranium compound?
[ "What is the least stable uranium compound?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17215
5ad14aa7645df0001a2d15b4
Uranium
The most common forms of uranium oxide are triuranium octoxide (U 3O 8) and UO 2. Both oxide forms are solids that have low solubility in water and are relatively stable over a wide range of environmental conditions. Triuranium octoxide is (depending on conditions) the most stable compound of uranium and is the form most commonly found in nature. Uranium dioxide is the form in which uranium is most commonly used as a nuclear reactor fuel. At ambient temperatures, UO 2 will gradually convert to U 3O 8. Because of their stability, uranium oxides are generally considered the preferred chemical form for storage or disposal.
In what form is uranium least often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
In what form is uranium least often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?
[ "In what form is uranium least often used as fuel for nuclear reactors?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17216
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea5
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What was the earliest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?
What was the earliest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?
[ "What was the earliest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?" ]
{ "text": [ "79 CE" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17217
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea6
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide?
What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide?
[ "What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide?" ]
{ "text": [ "yellow" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17218
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea7
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
In what county was glass with uranium oxide content found?
In what county was glass with uranium oxide content found?
[ "In what county was glass with uranium oxide content found?" ]
{ "text": [ "Italy" ], "answer_start": [ 244 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17219
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea8
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered?
In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered?
[ "In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass discovered?" ]
{ "text": [ "1912" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17220
570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea9
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What institution did R.T. Gunther belong to?
What institution did R.T. Gunther belong to?
[ "What institution did R.T. Gunther belong to?" ]
{ "text": [ "the University of Oxford" ], "answer_start": [ 271 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17221
5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d14
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What was the latest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?
What was the latest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?
[ "What was the latest year in recorded history that uranium oxide was used?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17222
5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d15
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide?
What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide?
[ "What color of ceramic glaze was subtracted from uranium oxide?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17223
5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d16
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
In what county was glass with uranium dioxide content found?
In what county was glass with uranium dioxide content found?
[ "In what county was glass with uranium dioxide content found?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17224
5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d17
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass undiscovered?
In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass undiscovered?
[ "In what year was yellow uranium oxide glass undiscovered?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17225
5ad1167a645df0001a2d0d18
Uranium
The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the late Middle Ages, pitchblende was extracted from the Habsburg silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia (now Jáchymov in the Czech Republic), and was used as a coloring agent in the local glassmaking industry. In the early 19th century, the world's only known sources of uranium ore were these mines.
What institution did T.T. Gunther belong to?
What institution did T.T. Gunther belong to?
[ "What institution did T.T. Gunther belong to?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17226
570e39580b85d914000d7d9f
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?
What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?
[ "What was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Chicago Pile-1" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17227
570e39580b85d914000d7da0
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?
On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?
[ "On what date was the first self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?" ]
{ "text": [ "2 December 1942" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17228
570e39580b85d914000d7da1
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
What project was Fermi working for?
What project was Fermi working for?
[ "What project was Fermi working for?" ]
{ "text": [ "Manhattan" ], "answer_start": [ 35 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17229
570e39580b85d914000d7da2
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?
On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?
[ "On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?" ]
{ "text": [ "University of Chicago" ], "answer_start": [ 240 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17230
570e39580b85d914000d7da3
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?
How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?
[ "How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-1?" ]
{ "text": [ "53" ], "answer_start": [ 402 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17231
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d50
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?
What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?
[ "What was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created by human beings called?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17232
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d51
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
On what date was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?
On what date was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?
[ "On what date was the last self-sustained nuclear chain reaction created artificially?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17233
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d52
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
What project wasn't Fermi working for?
What project wasn't Fermi working for?
[ "What project wasn't Fermi working for?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17234
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d53
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-11 created?
On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-11 created?
[ "On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-11 created?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17235
5ad118da645df0001a2d0d54
Uranium
On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reaction by piling together 400 short tons (360 metric tons) of graphite, 58 short tons (53 metric tons) of uranium oxide, and six short tons (5.5 metric tons) of uranium metal, a majority of which was supplied by Westinghouse Lamp Plant in a makeshift production process.
How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-21?
How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-21?
[ "How many metric tons of uranium oxide was used in Chicago Pile-21?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17236
570e39bc0b85d914000d7da9
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium glass?
Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium glass?
[ "Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium glass?" ]
{ "text": [ "orange-red" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17237
570e39bc0b85d914000d7daa
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?
Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?
[ "Who discovered uranium in pitchblende?" ]
{ "text": [ "Martin Heinrich Klaproth" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17238
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dab
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?
Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?
[ "Who was responsible for first isolating uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "Eugène-Melchior Péligot" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17239
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dac
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who discovered that uranium was radioactive?
Who discovered that uranium was radioactive?
[ "Who discovered that uranium was radioactive?" ]
{ "text": [ "Henri Becquerel" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17240
570e39bc0b85d914000d7dad
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
What was the first nuclear weapon used in a war called?
What was the first nuclear weapon used in a war called?
[ "What was the first nuclear weapon used in a war called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Little Boy" ], "answer_start": [ 614 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17241
5ad112ae645df0001a2d0c3a
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium plastic?
Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium plastic?
[ "Along with lemon yellow, what color is produced in uranium plastic?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17242
5ad112ae645df0001a2d0c3b
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who never discovered uranium in pitchblende?
Who never discovered uranium in pitchblende?
[ "Who never discovered uranium in pitchblende?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17243
5ad112ae645df0001a2d0c3c
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who was responsible for last isolating uranium?
Who was responsible for last isolating uranium?
[ "Who was responsible for last isolating uranium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17244
5ad112ae645df0001a2d0c3d
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
Who discovered that uranium wasn't radioactive?
Who discovered that uranium wasn't radioactive?
[ "Who discovered that uranium wasn't radioactive?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17245
5ad112ae645df0001a2d0c3e
Uranium
Uranium is used as a colorant in uranium glass producing orange-red to lemon yellow hues. It was also used for tinting and shading in early photography. The 1789 discovery of uranium in the mineral pitchblende is credited to Martin Heinrich Klaproth, who named the new element after the planet Uranus. Eugène-Melchior Péligot was the first person to isolate the metal and its radioactive properties were discovered in 1896 by Henri Becquerel. Research by Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Enrico Fermi and others, such as J. Robert Oppenheimer starting in 1934 led to its use as a fuel in the nuclear power industry and in Little Boy, the first nuclear weapon used in war. An ensuing arms race during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union produced tens of thousands of nuclear weapons that used uranium metal and uranium-derived plutonium-239. The security of those weapons and their fissile material following the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 is an ongoing concern for public health and safety. See Nuclear proliferation.
What was the last nuclear weapon used in a war called?
What was the last nuclear weapon used in a war called?
[ "What was the last nuclear weapon used in a war called?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17246
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204eb9
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-235?
What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-235?
[ "What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-235?" ]
{ "text": [ "0.7204%" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17247
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204eba
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What is the most prevalent natural isotope of uranium?
What is the most prevalent natural isotope of uranium?
[ "What is the most prevalent natural isotope of uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "uranium-238" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17248
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebb
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What is the term for the amount of uranium-235 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?
What is the term for the amount of uranium-235 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?
[ "What is the term for the amount of uranium-235 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?" ]
{ "text": [ "critical mass" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17249
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebc
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238?
What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238?
[ "What percentage of natural uranium is isotope 238?" ]
{ "text": [ "99.2742%" ], "answer_start": [ 44 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17250
570e3a8a0dc6ce1900204ebd
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?
Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?
[ "Along with gas cooled reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?" ]
{ "text": [ "pressurised heavy water" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17251
5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16e8
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-335?
What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-335?
[ "What percentage of uranium in nature is uranium-335?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17252
5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16e9
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What is the most prevalent unnatural isotope of uranium?
What is the most prevalent unnatural isotope of uranium?
[ "What is the most prevalent unnatural isotope of uranium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17253
5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16ea
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?
What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?
[ "What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17254
5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16eb
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
What percentage of unnatural uranium is isotope 238?
What percentage of unnatural uranium is isotope 238?
[ "What percentage of unnatural uranium is isotope 238?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17255
5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16ec
Uranium
In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of uranium-235 must impact other uranium-235 atoms to sustain the nuclear chain reaction. The concentration and amount of uranium-235 needed to achieve this is called a 'critical mass'.
Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?
Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?
[ "Along with gas heated reactors, what type of reactor doesn't use uranium-235?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17256
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee1
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What is uranium used for most often in the military?
What is uranium used for most often in the military?
[ "What is uranium used for most often in the military?" ]
{ "text": [ "high-density penetrators" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17257
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee2
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What percentage of high-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?
What percentage of high-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?
[ "What percentage of high-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "1–2%" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17258
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee3
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?
Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?
[ "Along with titanium, what element often makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "molybdenum" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17259
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee4
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UK used depleted uranium munitions?
Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UK used depleted uranium munitions?
[ "Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UK used depleted uranium munitions?" ]
{ "text": [ "Persian Gulf" ], "answer_start": [ 596 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17260
570e432f0dc6ce1900204ee5
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What illness is possibly tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?
What illness is possibly tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?
[ "What illness is possibly tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?" ]
{ "text": [ "Gulf War Syndrome" ], "answer_start": [ 693 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17261
5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8a
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What is uranium used for least often in the military?
What is uranium used for least often in the military?
[ "What is uranium used for least often in the military?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17262
5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8b
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What percentage of low-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?
What percentage of low-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?
[ "What percentage of low-density penetrators is not made up of depleted uranium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17263
5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8c
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
Along with titanium, what element rarely makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?
Along with titanium, what element rarely makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?
[ "Along with titanium, what element rarely makes up the portion of high-density penetrators not made of depleted uranium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17264
5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8d
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UN used depleted uranium munitions?
Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UN used depleted uranium munitions?
[ "Along with the Balkans, in what geographical location did a war take place where the UN used depleted uranium munitions?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17265
5ad113dc645df0001a2d0c8e
Uranium
The major application of uranium in the military sector is in high-density penetrators. This ammunition consists of depleted uranium (DU) alloyed with 1–2% other elements, such as titanium or molybdenum. At high impact speed, the density, hardness, and pyrophoricity of the projectile enable the destruction of heavily armored targets. Tank armor and other removable vehicle armor can also be hardened with depleted uranium plates. The use of depleted uranium became politically and environmentally contentious after the use of such munitions by the US, UK and other countries during wars in the Persian Gulf and the Balkans raised questions concerning uranium compounds left in the soil (see Gulf War Syndrome).
What illness is definitely tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?
What illness is definitely tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?
[ "What illness is definitely tied to the use of depleted uranium munitions?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17266
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eeb
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
Who discovered uranium?
Who discovered uranium?
[ "Who discovered uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "Martin Heinrich Klaproth" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17267
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eec
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
In what city was uranium discovered?
In what city was uranium discovered?
[ "In what city was uranium discovered?" ]
{ "text": [ "Berlin" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17268
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eed
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
In what year did the discovery of uranium occur?
In what year did the discovery of uranium occur?
[ "In what year did the discovery of uranium occur?" ]
{ "text": [ "1789" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17269
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eee
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
What did Klaproth probably create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?
What did Klaproth probably create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?
[ "What did Klaproth probably create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?" ]
{ "text": [ "sodium diuranate" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17270
570e437d0dc6ce1900204eef
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
Who discovered the planet Uranus?
Who discovered the planet Uranus?
[ "Who discovered the planet Uranus?" ]
{ "text": [ "William Herschel" ], "answer_start": [ 733 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17271
5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d28
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
Who discovered plutonium?
Who discovered plutonium?
[ "Who discovered plutonium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17272
5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d29
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
n what city wasn't uranium discovered?
n what city wasn't uranium discovered?
[ "n what city wasn't uranium discovered?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17273
5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d2a
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur?
In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur?
[ "In what year didn't the discovery of uranium occur?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17274
5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d2b
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
What did Klaproth definitely create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?
What did Klaproth definitely create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?
[ "What did Klaproth definitely create when he dissolved pitchblende in nitric acid?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17275
5ad1171b645df0001a2d0d2c
Uranium
The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium hydroxide. Klaproth assumed the yellow substance was the oxide of a yet-undiscovered element and heated it with charcoal to obtain a black powder, which he thought was the newly discovered metal itself (in fact, that powder was an oxide of uranium). He named the newly discovered element after the planet Uranus, (named after the primordial Greek god of the sky), which had been discovered eight years earlier by William Herschel.
Who never discovered the planet Uranus?
Who never discovered the planet Uranus?
[ "Who never discovered the planet Uranus?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17276
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef5
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?
What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?
[ "What percentage range of uranium oxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?" ]
{ "text": [ "0.01 to 0.25%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17277
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef6
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to mine uranium?
Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to mine uranium?
[ "Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to mine uranium?" ]
{ "text": [ "borehole" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17278
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef7
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found?
In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found?
[ "In what country are high-grade uranium ores notably found?" ]
{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 339 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17279
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef8
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?
In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?
[ "In what province of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?" ]
{ "text": [ "Saskatchewan" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17280
570e43e60dc6ce1900204ef9
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?
What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?
[ "What is the average percentage of uranium oxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?" ]
{ "text": [ "23%" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17281
5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e20
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?
What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?
[ "What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17282
5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e21
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to expel uranium?
Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to expel uranium?
[ "Along with underground, open pit and in-situ leaching, what sort of mining is used to expel uranium?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17283
5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e22
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
In what country are high-grade uranium ores not found?
In what country are high-grade uranium ores not found?
[ "In what country are high-grade uranium ores not found?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17284
5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e23
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
In what state of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?
In what state of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?
[ "In what state of Canada is the Athabasca Basin?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17285
5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e24
Uranium
Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposits in Saskatchewan, Canada can contain up to 23% uranium oxides on average. Uranium ore is crushed and rendered into a fine powder and then leached with either an acid or alkali. The leachate is subjected to one of several sequences of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture, called yellowcake, contains at least 75% uranium oxides U3O8. Yellowcake is then calcined to remove impurities from the milling process before refining and conversion.
What is the average percentage of uranium dioxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?
What is the average percentage of uranium dioxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?
[ "What is the average percentage of uranium dioxide contained in the ores mined in the Athabasca Basin?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17286
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc7
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War II called?
What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War II called?
[ "What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War II called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Little Boy" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17287
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc8
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?
[ "What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb created in the Second World War?" ]
{ "text": [ "Fat Man" ], "answer_start": [ 241 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17288
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dc9
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
On what date was Little Boy detonated?
On what date was Little Boy detonated?
[ "On what date was Little Boy detonated?" ]
{ "text": [ "6 August 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 438 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17289
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dca
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?
What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?
[ "What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in tonnes?" ]
{ "text": [ "12,500" ], "answer_start": [ 490 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17290
570e44ec0b85d914000d7dcb
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Over what city was Little Boy detonated?
Over what city was Little Boy detonated?
[ "Over what city was Little Boy detonated?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hiroshima" ], "answer_start": [ 425 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17291
5ad11963645df0001a2d0d62
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War I called?
What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War I called?
[ "What was the uranium-based bomb made by the US in World War I called?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17292
5ad11963645df0001a2d0d63
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb destroyed in the Second World War?
What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb destroyed in the Second World War?
[ "What was the codename of the plutonium-based bomb destroyed in the Second World War?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17293
5ad11963645df0001a2d0d64
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated?
On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated?
[ "On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17294
5ad11963645df0001a2d0d65
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in pounds?
What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in pounds?
[ "What was the equivalent yield in TNT of the Little Boy bomb, in pounds?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17295
5ad11963645df0001a2d0d66
Uranium
Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Over what city wasn't Little Boy detonated?
Over what city wasn't Little Boy detonated?
[ "Over what city wasn't Little Boy detonated?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17296
570e45630b85d914000d7dd1
Uranium
In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts. Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t. In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.
As of 2005, what country was the largest producer of uranium oxides?
As of 2005, what country was the largest producer of uranium oxides?
[ "As of 2005, what country was the largest producer of uranium oxides?" ]
{ "text": [ "Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17297
570e45630b85d914000d7dd2
Uranium
In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts. Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t. In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.
What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina?
What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina?
[ "What percentage of world uranium oxide production is produced by Argentina?" ]
{ "text": [ "2.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17298
570e45630b85d914000d7dd3
Uranium
In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts. Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t. In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.
What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005?
What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005?
[ "What country produced 5.5% of the world's concentrated uranium oxide in 2005?" ]
{ "text": [ "Uzbekistan" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-17299
570e45630b85d914000d7dd4
Uranium
In 2005, seventeen countries produced concentrated uranium oxides, with Canada (27.9% of world production) and Australia (22.8%) being the largest producers and Kazakhstan (10.5%), Russia (8.0%), Namibia (7.5%), Niger (7.4%), Uzbekistan (5.5%), the United States (2.5%), Argentina (2.1%), Ukraine (1.9%) and China (1.7%) also producing significant amounts. Kazakhstan continues to increase production and may have become the world's largest producer of uranium by 2009 with an expected production of 12,826 tonnes, compared to Canada with 11,100 t and Australia with 9,430 t. In the late 1960s, UN geologists also discovered major uranium deposits and other rare mineral reserves in Somalia. The find was the largest of its kind, with industry experts estimating the deposits at over 25% of the world's then known uranium reserves of 800,000 tons.
How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009?
How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009?
[ "How many tonnes of uranium was Australia expected to produce in 2009?" ]
{ "text": [ "9,430" ], "answer_start": [ 567 ] }