gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-18100 | 5ad0b2a0645df0001a2d00ae | Eritrea | The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area. | Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi? | Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi? | [
"Who was the ruler of Bahre-Nagassi?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18101 | 5ad0b2a0645df0001a2d00af | Eritrea | The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area. | In what year did Abyssinia collapse? | In what year did Abyssinia collapse? | [
"In what year did Abyssinia collapse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18102 | 5ad0b2a0645df0001a2d00b0 | Eritrea | The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area. | In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die? | In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die? | [
"In what year did Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18103 | 570dae0816d0071400510cbd | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates? | What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates? | [
"What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates?"
] | {
"text": [
"modern-day Eritrea"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18104 | 570dae0816d0071400510cbe | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea? | When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea? | [
"When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"1947"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18105 | 570dae0816d0071400510cbf | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | What was the result of the War of Independence? | What was the result of the War of Independence? | [
"What was the result of the War of Independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eritrean independence"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18106 | 570dae0816d0071400510cc0 | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000? | What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000? | [
"What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18107 | 570dae0816d0071400510cc1 | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence? | What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence? | [
"What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"annexation"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18108 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8a | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | In what year was the Sultanate of Aussa founded? | In what year was the Sultanate of Aussa founded? | [
"In what year was the Sultanate of Aussa founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18109 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8b | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start? | In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start? | [
"In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18110 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8c | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | Who won the Eritrean-Ethiopian war of 1998-2000? | Who won the Eritrean-Ethiopian war of 1998-2000? | [
"Who won the Eritrean-Ethiopian war of 1998-2000?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18111 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8d | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | In what year did Eritrea first skirmish with Djibouti? | In what year did Eritrea first skirmish with Djibouti? | [
"In what year did Eritrea first skirmish with Djibouti?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18112 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8e | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia. | In what year did Italian Eritrea get founded? | In what year did Italian Eritrea get founded? | [
"In what year did Italian Eritrea get founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18113 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e2 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What is the Gash Group? | What is the Gash Group? | [
"What is the Gash Group?"
] | {
"text": [
"an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18114 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e3 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of? | What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of? | [
"What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Gash Group"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18115 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e4 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | Where is Agordat located? | Where is Agordat located? | [
"Where is Agordat located?"
] | {
"text": [
"central Eritrea"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18116 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e5 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley? | When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley? | [
"When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 2500–1500 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18117 | 570daf12df2f5219002ed0e6 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches? | What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches? | [
"What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches?"
] | {
"text": [
"linguistic"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18118 | 5ad0adef645df0001a2d0034 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What city is located in northern Eritrea? | What city is located in northern Eritrea? | [
"What city is located in northern Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18119 | 5ad0adef645df0001a2d0035 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | When can the Berber be dated back to? | When can the Berber be dated back to? | [
"When can the Berber be dated back to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18120 | 5ad0adef645df0001a2d0036 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | Where did the Berber live in ancient times? | Where did the Berber live in ancient times? | [
"Where did the Berber live in ancient times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18121 | 5ad0adef645df0001a2d0037 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What city lies in southern Eritrea? | What city lies in southern Eritrea? | [
"What city lies in southern Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18122 | 5ad0adef645df0001a2d0038 | Eritrea | Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively. | What country is Peter Behrens from? | What country is Peter Behrens from? | [
"What country is Peter Behrens from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18123 | 570db00216d0071400510ce1 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | What purpose did stelae serve? | What purpose did stelae serve? | [
"What purpose did stelae serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18124 | 570db00216d0071400510ce2 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times? | Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times? | [
"Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Aksumites"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18125 | 570db00216d0071400510ce3 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet? | Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet? | [
"Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet?"
] | {
"text": [
"the obelisk of Aksum"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18126 | 570db00216d0071400510ce4 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana? | Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana? | [
"Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aksum"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18127 | 570db00216d0071400510ce5 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting? | Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting? | [
"Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aksum"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18128 | 5ad0af09645df0001a2d003e | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved? | In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved? | [
"In what year was the obelisk of Aksum carved?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18129 | 5ad0af09645df0001a2d003f | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | In what year did the Aksum become Christians? | In what year did the Aksum become Christians? | [
"In what year did the Aksum become Christians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18130 | 5ad0af09645df0001a2d0040 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | In what year was Mecca founded? | In what year was Mecca founded? | [
"In what year was Mecca founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18131 | 5ad0af09645df0001a2d0041 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | How far above sea level is Mecca? | How far above sea level is Mecca? | [
"How far above sea level is Mecca?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18132 | 5ad0af09645df0001a2d0042 | Eritrea | The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba. | What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes? | What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes? | [
"What did Muslims build in the 7th century for religious purposes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18133 | 570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f6 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions? | What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions? | [
"What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions?"
] | {
"text": [
"ACABQ"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18134 | 570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f7 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for? | What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for? | [
"What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"International Criminal Police Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18135 | 570db0b7df2f5219002ed0f8 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | Which league is Eritrea an observing member of? | Which league is Eritrea an observing member of? | [
"Which league is Eritrea an observing member of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab League"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18136 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0406 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the acronym for the Non-aligned Movement? | What is the acronym for the Non-aligned Movement? | [
"What is the acronym for the Non-aligned Movement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18137 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0407 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons? | What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons? | [
"What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18138 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0408 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development? | What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development? | [
"What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18139 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0409 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the acronym for the Permanent Court of Arbitration? | What is the acronym for the Permanent Court of Arbitration? | [
"What is the acronym for the Permanent Court of Arbitration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18140 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d040a | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization. | What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization? | What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization? | [
"What is the acronym for the World Customs Organization?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18141 | 570db26616d0071400510cf5 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis? | Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis? | [
"Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zoskales"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18142 | 570db26616d0071400510cf6 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade? | How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade? | [
"How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade?"
] | {
"text": [
"by minting their own Aksumite currency"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18143 | 570db26616d0071400510cf7 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of? | Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of? | [
"Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of?"
] | {
"text": [
"on the Arabian peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18144 | 570db26616d0071400510cf8 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula? | Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula? | [
"Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [
"Himyarite Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18145 | 570db26616d0071400510cf9 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea? | Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea? | [
"Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea?"
] | {
"text": [
"throughout the ancient world"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18146 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d0048 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Whose face was on the Aksumite currency? | Whose face was on the Aksumite currency? | [
"Whose face was on the Aksumite currency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18147 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d0049 | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | What country politics did the Aksumite rulers refuse to get involved with? | What country politics did the Aksumite rulers refuse to get involved with? | [
"What country politics did the Aksumite rulers refuse to get involved with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18148 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d004a | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time? | Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time? | [
"Who was the ruler of the Himyarite Kingdom at the time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18149 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d004b | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | In what country was the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written? | In what country was the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written? | [
"In what country was the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea written?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18150 | 5ad0afdc645df0001a2d004c | Eritrea | The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom. | What product did the Kingdom of Kush export? | What product did the Kingdom of Kush export? | [
"What product did the Kingdom of Kush export?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18151 | 570db36a16d0071400510cff | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati? | When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati? | [
"When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati?"
] | {
"text": [
"1888"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18152 | 570db36a16d0071400510d00 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands? | When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands? | [
"When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands?"
] | {
"text": [
"1911"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18153 | 570db36a16d0071400510d01 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | What was the longest line in the world during its time? | What was the longest line in the world during its time? | [
"What was the longest line in the world during its time?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Asmara–Massawa Cableway"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18154 | 570db36a16d0071400510d02 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway? | Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway? | [
"Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway?"
] | {
"text": [
"the British"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18155 | 570db36a16d0071400510d03 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed? | In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed? | [
"In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?"
] | {
"text": [
"police and public works departments"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18156 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d0138 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed? | In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed? | [
"In what year was the Asmara-Massawa Cableway completed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18157 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d0139 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start? | In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start? | [
"In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18158 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d013a | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start? | In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start? | [
"In what year did the First Italo-Abyssinian War start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18159 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d013b | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war? | What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war? | [
"What nationality started the Italo-Turkish war?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18160 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d013c | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars. | Where did the Eritrean Railway originate? | Where did the Eritrean Railway originate? | [
"Where did the Eritrean Railway originate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18161 | 570db4b716d0071400510d11 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950? | Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950? | [
"Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18162 | 570db4b716d0071400510d12 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor? | Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor? | [
"Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor?"
] | {
"text": [
"390A(V)"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18163 | 570db4b716d0071400510d13 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)?? | What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)?? | [
"What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)??"
] | {
"text": [
"foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18164 | 570db4b716d0071400510d14 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore? | Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore? | [
"Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore?"
] | {
"text": [
"independence"
],
"answer_start": [
689
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18165 | 570db4b716d0071400510d15 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea? | What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea? | [
"What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"democratic rights and a measure of autonomy"
],
"answer_start": [
733
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18166 | 5ad0c1be645df0001a2d01e4 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950? | What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950? | [
"What country was being led by an Emperor in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18167 | 5ad0c1be645df0001a2d01e5 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill? | What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill? | [
"What Eritrean wishes did UN Resolution 390A(V) fulfill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18168 | 5ad0c1be645df0001a2d01e6 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950? | What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950? | [
"What UN Resolution was adopted in November 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18169 | 5ad0c1be645df0001a2d01e7 | Eritrea | Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy. | What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians? | What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians? | [
"What rights did UN Resolution 390A(V) give to Ethiopians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18170 | 570db606df2f5219002ed10c | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials? | What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials? | [
"What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials?"
] | {
"text": [
"a number of new factories"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18171 | 570db606df2f5219002ed10d | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939? | How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939? | [
"How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 2,198"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18172 | 570db606df2f5219002ed10e | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea? | Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea? | [
"Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eritrean citizens"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18173 | 570db606df2f5219002ed10f | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries? | Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries? | [
"Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italians"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18174 | 570db606df2f5219002ed110 | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built? | How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built? | [
"How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built?"
] | {
"text": [
"from 4,600 to 75,000"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18175 | 5ad0b8c2645df0001a2d0168 | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | How many Italians lived in Eretria in 1939? | How many Italians lived in Eretria in 1939? | [
"How many Italians lived in Eretria in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18176 | 5ad0b8c2645df0001a2d0169 | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | How many plantations were owned by Eritreans? | How many plantations were owned by Eritreans? | [
"How many plantations were owned by Eritreans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18177 | 5ad0b8c2645df0001a2d016a | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | What did the first factory in Italian Eritrea produce? | What did the first factory in Italian Eritrea produce? | [
"What did the first factory in Italian Eritrea produce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18178 | 5ad0b8c2645df0001a2d016b | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | How many Eritreans worked in the factories in 1939? | How many Eritreans worked in the factories in 1939? | [
"How many Eritreans worked in the factories in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18179 | 5ad0b8c2645df0001a2d016c | Eritrea | Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans. | What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939? | What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939? | [
"What was the main export of Italian Eritrea in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18180 | 570db6fb16d0071400510d2b | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region? | What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region? | [
"What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lions"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18181 | 570db6fb16d0071400510d2c | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence? | Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence? | [
"Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence?"
] | {
"text": [
"elephant"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18182 | 570db6fb16d0071400510d2d | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River? | In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River? | [
"In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 30"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18183 | 570db6fb16d0071400510d2e | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with? | What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with? | [
"What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with?"
] | {
"text": [
"olive baboons"
],
"answer_start": [
750
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18184 | 5ad0c41d645df0001a2d0258 | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | Where are African leopards predominantly found? | Where are African leopards predominantly found? | [
"Where are African leopards predominantly found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18185 | 5ad0c41d645df0001a2d0259 | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | In what year did the war of independence end? | In what year did the war of independence end? | [
"In what year did the war of independence end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18186 | 5ad0c41d645df0001a2d025a | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | Where are bushbucks mostly found? | Where are bushbucks mostly found? | [
"Where are bushbucks mostly found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18187 | 5ad0c41d645df0001a2d025b | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | What is the topography of the Denkalia Region? | What is the topography of the Denkalia Region? | [
"What is the topography of the Denkalia Region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18188 | 5ad0c41d645df0001a2d025c | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system. | How many African wild ass are thought to be left? | How many African wild ass are thought to be left? | [
"How many African wild ass are thought to be left?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18189 | 570db7e416d0071400510d33 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | How many ecoregions make up Eritrea? | How many ecoregions make up Eritrea? | [
"How many ecoregions make up Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18190 | 570db7e416d0071400510d34 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | What is the highest point in Eritrea? | What is the highest point in Eritrea? | [
"What is the highest point in Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emba Soira"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18191 | 570db7e416d0071400510d35 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | Where is Emba Soira located? | Where is Emba Soira located? | [
"Where is Emba Soira located?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the center of Eritrea"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18192 | 570db7e416d0071400510d36 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | How high is Emba Soira? | How high is Emba Soira? | [
"How high is Emba Soira?"
] | {
"text": [
"3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18193 | 570db7e416d0071400510d37 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other? | What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other? | [
"What is the probably location in Eritrea where three tectonic plates are pulling away from each other?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18194 | 5ad0c351645df0001a2d0232 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | How high is Filfil Solomona above sea level? | How high is Filfil Solomona above sea level? | [
"How high is Filfil Solomona above sea level?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18195 | 5ad0c351645df0001a2d0233 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | What is the low point of Eritrea? | What is the low point of Eritrea? | [
"What is the low point of Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18196 | 5ad0c351645df0001a2d0235 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | What is located in the Danakil Depression? | What is located in the Danakil Depression? | [
"What is located in the Danakil Depression?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18197 | 5ad0c351645df0001a2d0236 | Eritrea | Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level. | What is the climate of the Afar Triangle? | What is the climate of the Afar Triangle? | [
"What is the climate of the Afar Triangle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18198 | 570db8dedf2f5219002ed116 | Eritrea | It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray. | How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea? | How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea? | [
"How many elephants are believed to be left in Eritrea?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 100"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18199 | 570db8dedf2f5219002ed117 | Eritrea | It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray. | What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka? | What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka? | [
"What type of snakes are common in Gash Barka?"
] | {
"text": [
"deadly"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
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