gem_id
stringlengths
20
25
id
stringlengths
24
24
title
stringlengths
3
59
context
stringlengths
151
3.71k
question
stringlengths
1
270
target
stringlengths
1
270
references
list
answers
dict
gem-squad_v2-train-18400
5ad0a99b645df0001a2cfff9
Eritrea
During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.
How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?
How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?
[ "How long ago is it believed that early humans left Africa?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18401
5ad0a99b645df0001a2cfffa
Eritrea
During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.
What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?
What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?
[ "What land resources are the early humans thought to have eaten?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18402
5ad0a99b645df0001a2cfffb
Eritrea
During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.
In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed?
In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed?
[ "In what year was the Eritrean Research Project Team formed?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18403
5ad0a99b645df0001a2cfffc
Eritrea
During the last interglacial period, the Red Sea coast of Eritrea was occupied by early anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the area was on the route out of Africa that some scholars suggest was used by early humans to colonize the rest of the Old World. In 1999, the Eritrean Research Project Team composed of Eritrean, Canadian, American, Dutch and French scientists discovered a Paleolithic site with stone and obsidian tools dated to over 125,000 years old near the Bay of Zula south of Massawa, along the Red Sea littoral. The tools are believed to have been used by early humans to harvest marine resources like clams and oysters.
What did the research team find in Massawa?
What did the research team find in Massawa?
[ "What did the research team find in Massawa?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18404
570e38fd0b85d914000d7d95
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
When was the Aussa Sultanate established?
[ "When was the Aussa Sultanate established?" ]
{ "text": [ "end of the 16th century" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18405
570e38fd0b85d914000d7d96
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?
[ "Where was the Aussa Sultanate established?" ]
{ "text": [ "Denkel lowlands of Eritrea" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18406
570e38fd0b85d914000d7d97
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?
[ "Who was the leader of Afar in 1734?" ]
{ "text": [ "Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18407
570e38fd0b85d914000d7d98
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
What did Kedafu establish in 1734?
[ "What did Kedafu establish in 1734?" ]
{ "text": [ "Mudaito Dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 501 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18408
570e38fd0b85d914000d7d99
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?
[ "What marked the start of a new and sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period?" ]
{ "text": [ "Mudaito Dynasty" ], "answer_start": [ 501 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18409
5ad0b422645df0001a2d00e8
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?
In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?
[ "In what year was Muhammed Jasa born?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18410
5ad0b422645df0001a2d00e9
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?
In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?
[ "In what year was the Afar leader Kedafu born?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18411
5ad0b422645df0001a2d00ea
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?
In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?
[ "In what year did Imam Umar Din bin Adam ascend to the throne?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18412
5ad0b422645df0001a2d00eb
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
In what year did Aussa collapse?
In what year did Aussa collapse?
[ "In what year did Aussa collapse?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18413
5ad0b422645df0001a2d00ec
Eritrea
At the end of the 16th century, the Aussa Sultanate was established in the Denkel lowlands of Eritrea. The polity had come into existence in 1577, when Muhammed Jasa moved his capital from Harar to Aussa (Asaita) with the split of the Adal Sultanate into Aussa and the Sultanate of Harar. At some point after 1672, Aussa declined in conjunction with Imam Umar Din bin Adam's recorded ascension to the throne. In 1734, the Afar leader Kedafu, head of the Mudaito clan, seized power and established the Mudaito Dynasty. This marked the start of a new and more sophisticated polity that would last into the colonial period.
What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?
[ "What area was the Mudaito Dynasty based in?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18414
570e39f50dc6ce1900204eaf
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
When did Emperor Yohannes II die?
[ "When did Emperor Yohannes II die?" ]
{ "text": [ "1889" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18415
570e39f50dc6ce1900204eb0
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?
[ "What did Gen. Oreste Baratieri proclaim in the highlands along the Eritrean coast?" ]
{ "text": [ "the new colony of Italian Eritrea" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18416
570e39f50dc6ce1900204eb1
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?
[ "What was the new colony of Italia Eritrea a colony of?" ]
{ "text": [ "the Kingdom of Italy" ], "answer_start": [ 226 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18417
570e39f50dc6ce1900204eb2
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?
[ "When was the Treaty of Wuchale signed?" ]
{ "text": [ "1889" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18418
570e39f50dc6ce1900204eb3
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?
[ "What years was the Treaty of Wuchale formally binding?" ]
{ "text": [ "1889–1913" ], "answer_start": [ 655 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18419
5ad0b621645df0001a2d011a
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
In what year was Emperor Yohannes II born?
In what year was Emperor Yohannes II born?
[ "In what year was Emperor Yohannes II born?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18420
5ad0b621645df0001a2d011b
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
In what year did King Menelik of Shewa first gain access to European arms and ammunition?
In what year did King Menelik of Shewa first gain access to European arms and ammunition?
[ "In what year did King Menelik of Shewa first gain access to European arms and ammunition?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18421
5ad0b621645df0001a2d011c
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
In what modern-day country is Wuchale?
In what modern-day country is Wuchale?
[ "In what modern-day country is Wuchale?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18422
5ad0b621645df0001a2d011d
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
Who was one of King Menelik of Shewa's rival kings?
Who was one of King Menelik of Shewa's rival kings?
[ "Who was one of King Menelik of Shewa's rival kings?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18423
5ad0b621645df0001a2d011e
Eritrea
In the vacuum that followed the 1889 death of Emperor Yohannes II, Gen. Oreste Baratieri occupied the highlands along the Eritrean coast and Italy proclaimed the establishment of the new colony of Italian Eritrea, a colony of the Kingdom of Italy. In the Treaty of Wuchale (It. Uccialli) signed the same year, King Menelik of Shewa, a southern Ethiopian kingdom, recognized the Italian occupation of his rivals' lands of Bogos, Hamasien, Akkele Guzay, and Serae in exchange for guarantees of financial assistance and continuing access to European arms and ammunition. His subsequent victory over his rival kings and enthronement as Emperor Menelek II (r. 1889–1913) made the treaty formally binding upon the entire territory.
Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?
[ "Who signed the Treaty of Wuchale for Italy?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18424
570e3b210b85d914000d7db3
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?
[ "What did Emperor Haile Selassie seek to annex in the 1950's?" ]
{ "text": [ "Eritrea and Italian Somaliland" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18425
570e3b210b85d914000d7db4
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
[ "Who laid claim to Eritrea and Italian Somaliland in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt?" ]
{ "text": [ "Emperor Haile Selassie" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18426
570e3b210b85d914000d7db5
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?
[ "Why did the British and Americans want to cede most of Eritrea to the Ethiopians?" ]
{ "text": [ "as a reward for their support during World War II" ], "answer_start": [ 471 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18427
570e3b210b85d914000d7db6
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?
[ "Who consistently requested that a referendum be held immediately to settle the question of Eritrean sovereignty?" ]
{ "text": [ "The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties" ], "answer_start": [ 522 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18428
570e3b210b85d914000d7db7
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?
[ "Who did Ethiopians support in World War II?" ]
{ "text": [ "The British and Americans" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18429
5ad0c01e645df0001a2d01bc
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
In what decade did Haile Selassie become emperor of Ethiopia?
In what decade did Haile Selassie become emperor of Ethiopia?
[ "In what decade did Haile Selassie become emperor of Ethiopia?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18430
5ad0c01e645df0001a2d01bd
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
What nation was part of the Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties?
What nation was part of the Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties?
[ "What nation was part of the Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18431
5ad0c01e645df0001a2d01be
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt the leader of?
Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt the leader of?
[ "Who was Franklin D. Roosevelt the leader of?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18432
5ad0c01e645df0001a2d01bf
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
In what city was the First Session of the United Nations held?
In what city was the First Session of the United Nations held?
[ "In what city was the First Session of the United Nations held?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18433
5ad0c01e645df0001a2d01c0
Eritrea
In the 1950s, the Ethiopian feudal administration under Emperor Haile Selassie sought to annex Eritrea and Italian Somaliland. He laid claim to both territories in a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt at the Paris Peace Conference and at the First Session of the United Nations. In the United Nations, the debate over the fate of the former Italian colonies continued. The British and Americans preferred to cede all of Eritrea except the Western province to the Ethiopians as a reward for their support during World War II. The Independence Bloc of Eritrean parties consistently requested from the UN General Assembly that a referendum be held immediately to settle the Eritrean question of sovereignty.
Who was leading Italian Somaliland during this time after World War II?
Who was leading Italian Somaliland during this time after World War II?
[ "Who was leading Italian Somaliland during this time after World War II?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18434
570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec3
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.
How is the Eritrean highway system named?
How is the Eritrean highway system named?
[ "How is the Eritrean highway system named?" ]
{ "text": [ "according to the road classification" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18435
570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec4
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.
What are the three levels of road classification in Eritrea?
What are the three levels of road classification in Eritrea?
[ "What are the three levels of road classification in Eritrea?" ]
{ "text": [ "primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T)" ], "answer_start": [ 115 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18436
570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec5
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.
What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?
What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?
[ "What are T roads, the lowest level that typically serves local interests?" ]
{ "text": [ "improved earth roads which are occasionally paved" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18437
570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec6
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.
What are S roads, the mid-level that connects district capitals to regional capitals?
What are S roads, the mid-level that connects district capitals to regional capitals?
[ "What are S roads, the mid-level that connects district capitals to regional capitals?" ]
{ "text": [ "single-layered asphalt road" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18438
570e3c3d0dc6ce1900204ec7
Eritrea
The Eritrean highway system is named according to the road classification. The three levels of classification are: primary (P), secondary (S), and tertiary (T). The lowest level road is tertiary and serves local interests. Typically they are improved earth roads which are occasionally paved. During the wet seasons these roads typically become impassable. The next higher level road is a secondary road and typically is a single-layered asphalt road that connects district capitals together and those to the regional capitals. Roads that are considered primary roads are those that are fully asphalted (throughout their entire length) and in general they carry traffic between all the major towns in Eritrea.
What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?
What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?
[ "What are P roads, those that carry traffic between all major towns in Eritrea?" ]
{ "text": [ "fully asphalted (throughout their entire length)" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18439
570e3d930dc6ce1900204ecd
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?
[ "What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Christianity?" ]
{ "text": [ "50%" ], "answer_start": [ 31 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18440
570e3d930dc6ce1900204ece
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?
What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?
[ "What percentage of Eritrea is estimated to adhere to Islam?" ]
{ "text": [ "48%" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18441
570e3d930dc6ce1900204ecf
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?
What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?
[ "What do unrecognized faiths and denominations in Eritrea have to undergo?" ]
{ "text": [ "a registration process" ], "answer_start": [ 591 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18442
570e3d930dc6ce1900204ed0
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?
What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?
[ "What does the government's registration system require religious groups to submit about their membership?" ]
{ "text": [ "personal information" ], "answer_start": [ 708 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18443
570e3d930dc6ce1900204ed1
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?
When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?
[ "When did the Eritrean government begin to officially recognize certain churches?" ]
{ "text": [ "May 2002" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18444
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051a
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?
How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?
[ "How many people followed animism according to the Pew Research Center?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18445
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051b
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?
According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?
[ "According to recent estimates, how many people follow just animism in Eretria?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18446
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051c
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?
[ "What percentage of people are in the Eritrean Catholic Church according to recent estimates?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18447
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051d
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church?
As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church?
[ "As of May 2002 what percentage of Eritrean people were in the Evangelical Lutheran church?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18448
5ad0d23a645df0001a2d051e
Eritrea
According to recent estimates, 50% of the population adheres to Christianity, Islam 48%, while 2% of the population follows other religions including traditional African religion and animism. According to a study made by Pew Research Center, 63% adheres to Christianity and 36% adheres to Islam. Since May 2002, the government of Eritrea has officially recognized the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church (Oriental Orthodox), Sunni Islam, the Eritrean Catholic Church (a Metropolitanate sui juris) and the Evangelical Lutheran church. All other faiths and denominations are required to undergo a registration process. Among other things, the government's registration system requires religious groups to submit personal information on their membership to be allowed to worship.
What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years?
What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years?
[ "What percentage of people attend the Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church in recent years?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18449
570e3e440dc6ce1900204ed7
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?
What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?
[ "What ages are officially compulsary for education in Eritrea?" ]
{ "text": [ "between seven and 13 years of age" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18450
570e3e440dc6ce1900204ed8
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?
What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?
[ "What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?" ]
{ "text": [ "70%" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18451
570e3e440dc6ce1900204ed9
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?
What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?
[ "What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend secondary school?" ]
{ "text": [ "61%" ], "answer_start": [ 293 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18452
570e3e440dc6ce1900204eda
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?
What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?
[ "What is the student-teacher ratio in elementary schools?" ]
{ "text": [ "45 to 1" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18453
570e3e440dc6ce1900204edb
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?
What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?
[ "What is the student-teacher ratio in secondary schools?" ]
{ "text": [ "54 to 1" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18454
5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0612
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write?
What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write?
[ "What percentage of children between seven and 13 can read and write?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18455
5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0613
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?
What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?
[ "What percentage of primary schools are open less than six hours per day?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18456
5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0614
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day?
What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day?
[ "What percentage of elementary schools are open less than six hours per day?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18457
5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0615
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of elementary schools are open more than six hours per day?
What percentage of elementary schools are open more than six hours per day?
[ "What percentage of elementary schools are open more than six hours per day?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18458
5ad0d4dc645df0001a2d0616
Eritrea
Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school. Student-teacher ratios are high: 45 to 1 at the elementary level and 54 to 1 at the secondary level. There are an average 63 students per classroom at the elementary level and 97 per classroom at the secondary level. Learning hours at school are often less than six hours per day. Skill shortages are present at all levels of the education system, and funding for and access to education vary significantly by gender and location. Illiteracy estimates for Eritrea range from around 40% to as high as 70%.
What percentage of primary schools are open more than six hours per day?
What percentage of primary schools are open more than six hours per day?
[ "What percentage of primary schools are open more than six hours per day?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18459
570e3f550b85d914000d7dbd
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?
What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?
[ "What meat does a traditional Eritrean stew consist of?" ]
{ "text": [ "beef, kid, lamb or fish" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18460
570e3f550b85d914000d7dbe
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?
Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?
[ "Which neighbor does Eritrean cuisine strongly resemble?" ]
{ "text": [ "Ethiopia" ], "answer_start": [ 201 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18461
570e3f550b85d914000d7dbf
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?
Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?
[ "Why does Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine?" ]
{ "text": [ "their coastal location" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18462
570e3f550b85d914000d7dc0
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?
How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?
[ "How does the texture of Eritrean dishes compare to Ethiopian meals?" ]
{ "text": [ "lighter" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18463
570e3f550b85d914000d7dc1
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?
What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?
[ "What ingredients fo Eritreans tend to use less of than Ethiopians?" ]
{ "text": [ "seasoned butter and spices" ], "answer_start": [ 431 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18464
5ad0d822645df0001a2d0678
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What kind of food is injera?
What kind of food is injera?
[ "What kind of food is injera?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18465
5ad0d822645df0001a2d0679
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What protein is most popular in Ethiopia?
What protein is most popular in Ethiopia?
[ "What protein is most popular in Ethiopia?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18466
5ad0d822645df0001a2d067a
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What protein is in tsebhi dorho in Eretria?
What protein is in tsebhi dorho in Eretria?
[ "What protein is in tsebhi dorho in Eretria?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18467
5ad0d822645df0001a2d067b
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What do most Ethiopians put in their spicy stew?
What do most Ethiopians put in their spicy stew?
[ "What do most Ethiopians put in their spicy stew?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18468
5ad0d822645df0001a2d067c
Eritrea
A typical traditional Eritrean dish consists of injera accompanied by a spicy stew, which frequently includes beef, kid, lamb or fish. Overall, Eritrean cuisine strongly resembles those of neighboring Ethiopia, Eritrean cooking tend to feature more seafood than Ethiopian cuisine on account of their coastal location. Eritrean dishes are also frequently "lighter" in texture than Ethiopian meals. They likewise tend to employ less seasoned butter and spices and more tomatoes, as in the tsebhi dorho delicacy.
What do most Ethiopians put in their tsebhi dorho?
What do most Ethiopians put in their tsebhi dorho?
[ "What do most Ethiopians put in their tsebhi dorho?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18469
5726bcd95951b619008f7c95
Nigeria
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?
When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?
[ "When did the Southern and Northern Nigeria Protectorates merge?" ]
{ "text": [ "1914" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18470
5726bcd95951b619008f7c96
Nigeria
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?
Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?
[ "Which empire ruled Nigeria as a colony?" ]
{ "text": [ "British" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18471
5726bcd95951b619008f7c97
Nigeria
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?
When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?
[ "When did Nigeria become independent from Britain?" ]
{ "text": [ "1960" ], "answer_start": [ 448 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18472
5726bcd95951b619008f7c98
Nigeria
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?
When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?
[ "When did a Nigerian Civil War begin?" ]
{ "text": [ "1967" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18473
5726bcd95951b619008f7c99
Nigeria
Modern-day Nigeria has been the site of numerous kingdoms and tribal states over the millennia. The modern state originated from British colonial rule beginning in the 19th century, and the merging of the Southern Nigeria Protectorate and Northern Nigeria Protectorate in 1914. The British set up administrative and legal structures whilst practising indirect rule through traditional chiefdoms. Nigeria became a formally independent federation in 1960, and plunged into a civil war from 1967 to 1970. It has since alternated between democratically-elected civilian governments and military dictatorships, until it achieved a stable democracy in 1999, with its 2011 presidential elections being viewed as the first to be conducted reasonably freely and fairly.
When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?
When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?
[ "When did Nigeria have a fair presidential election?" ]
{ "text": [ "2011" ], "answer_start": [ 661 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18474
5726bd64dd62a815002e8eea
Nigeria
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?
Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?
[ "Which country is called the 'Giant of Africa'?" ]
{ "text": [ "Nigeria" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18475
5726bd64dd62a815002e8eeb
Nigeria
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
How many people live in Nigeria?
How many people live in Nigeria?
[ "How many people live in Nigeria?" ]
{ "text": [ "182 million" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18476
5726bd64dd62a815002e8eec
Nigeria
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?
How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?
[ "How does Nigeria rank among the largest-population countries in the world?" ]
{ "text": [ "seventh" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18477
5726bd64dd62a815002e8eed
Nigeria
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?
How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?
[ "How many languages are spoken by Nigerians?" ]
{ "text": [ "over 500" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18478
5726bd64dd62a815002e8eee
Nigeria
Nigeria is often referred to as the "Giant of Africa", owing to its large population and economy. With approximately 182 million inhabitants, Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the seventh most populous country in the world. Nigeria has one of the largest populations of youth in the world. The country is viewed as a multinational state, as it is inhabited by over 500 ethnic groups, of which the three largest are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba; these ethnic groups speak over 500 different languages, and are identified with wide variety of cultures. The official language is English. Nigeria is divided roughly in half between Christians, who live mostly in the southern part of the country, and Muslims in the northern part. A minority of the population practise religions indigenous to Nigeria, such as those native to Igbo and Yoruba peoples.
What is Nigeria's official language?
What is Nigeria's official language?
[ "What is Nigeria's official language?" ]
{ "text": [ "English" ], "answer_start": [ 591 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18479
5726bdd3dd62a815002e8efc
Nigeria
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.
What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?
What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?
[ "What is Nigeria's 2015 GDP?" ]
{ "text": [ "$500 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18480
5726bdd3dd62a815002e8efd
Nigeria
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.
What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?
What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?
[ "What is Nigeria's 2015 purchasing power parity?" ]
{ "text": [ "$1 trillion" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18481
5726bdd3dd62a815002e8efe
Nigeria
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.
When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?
When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?
[ "When did Nigeria's economy become larger than South Africa's?" ]
{ "text": [ "2014" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18482
5726bdd3dd62a815002e8eff
Nigeria
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.
What is the largest economy in Africa?
What is the largest economy in Africa?
[ "What is the largest economy in Africa?" ]
{ "text": [ "Nigeria" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18483
5726bdd3dd62a815002e8f00
Nigeria
As of 2015[update], Nigeria is the world's 20th largest economy, worth more than $500 billion and $1 trillion in terms of nominal GDP and purchasing power parity respectively. It overtook South Africa to become Africa's largest economy in 2014. Also, the debt-to-GDP ratio is only 11 percent, which is 8 percent below the 2012 ratio. Nigeria is considered to be an emerging market by the World Bank; It has been identified as a regional power on the African continent, a middle power in international affairs, and has also been identified as an emerging global power. Nigeria is a member of the MINT group of countries, which are widely seen as the globe's next "BRIC-like" economies. It is also listed among the "Next Eleven" economies set to become among the biggest in the world. Nigeria is a founding member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, OPEC, and the United Nations amongst other international organisations.
What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?
What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio?
[ "What is Nigeria's debt-to-GDP ratio? " ]
{ "text": [ "11 percent" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18484
5726be4ddd62a815002e8f23
Nigeria
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?
[ "When did Boko Haram become active in Nigeria?" ]
{ "text": [ "2002" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18485
5726be4ddd62a815002e8f24
Nigeria
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
Who is the President of Nigeria?
Who is the President of Nigeria?
[ "Who is the President of Nigeria?" ]
{ "text": [ "Goodluck Jonathan" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18486
5726be4ddd62a815002e8f25
Nigeria
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?
How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?
[ "How many people had Boko Haram killed by May 2014?" ]
{ "text": [ "at least 12,000" ], "answer_start": [ 278 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18487
5726be4ddd62a815002e8f26
Nigeria
Since 2002, the North East of the country has seen sectarian violence by Boko Haram, an Islamist movement that seeks to abolish the secular system of government and establish Sharia law. Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan in May 2014 claimed that Boko Haram attacks have left at least 12,000 people dead and 8,000 people crippled. At the same time, neighbouring countries, Benin, Chad, Cameroon and Niger joined Nigeria in a united effort to combat Boko Haram in the aftermath of a world media highlighted kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls and the spread of Boko Haram attacks to these countries.
How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?
How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?
[ "How many schoolgirls did Boko Haram kidnap?" ]
{ "text": [ "276" ], "answer_start": [ 522 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18488
5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f0
Nigeria
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.
What is Nigeria named after?
What is Nigeria named after?
[ "What is Nigeria named after?" ]
{ "text": [ "the Niger River" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18489
5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f1
Nigeria
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.
Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?
Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?
[ "Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?" ]
{ "text": [ "Flora Shaw" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18490
5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f2
Nigeria
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.
What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?
What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?
[ "What was Nigeria's region called by the British before the name Nigeria?" ]
{ "text": [ "Central Sudan" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18491
5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f3
Nigeria
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.
What language does the name of the Niger River come from?
What language does the name of the Niger River come from?
[ "What language does the name of the Niger River come from?" ]
{ "text": [ "Tuareg" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18492
5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f4
Nigeria
The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the Niger River. The word ( Niger ) is an alteration of the Tuareg name egerew n-igerewen used by inhabitants along the middle reaches of the river around Timbuktu prior to 19th-century European colonialism. Egerew n-igerewen means River of the Rivers.
Which river reaches Timbuktu?
Which river reaches Timbuktu?
[ "Which river reaches Timbuktu?" ]
{ "text": [ "Niger" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18493
5726bffb5951b619008f7d2d
Nigeria
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.
Which tribe ran the city of Nri?
Which tribe ran the city of Nri?
[ "Which tribe ran the city of Nri?" ]
{ "text": [ "Igbo" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18494
5726bffb5951b619008f7d2e
Nigeria
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.
When was Nri taken over by the British?
When was Nri taken over by the British?
[ "When was Nri taken over by the British?" ]
{ "text": [ "1911" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18495
5726bffb5951b619008f7d2f
Nigeria
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.
Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?
Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?
[ "Igbo Ukwu made the oldest bronze art using which process?" ]
{ "text": [ "lost-wax" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18496
5726bffb5951b619008f7d30
Nigeria
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.
Who ruled Nri?
Who ruled Nri?
[ "Who ruled Nri?" ]
{ "text": [ "the Eze Nri" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18497
5726bffb5951b619008f7d31
Nigeria
The Kingdom of Nri of the Igbo people consolidated in the 10th century and continued until it lost its sovereignty to the British in 1911. Nri was ruled by the Eze Nri, and the city of Nri is considered to be the foundation of Igbo culture. Nri and Aguleri, where the Igbo creation myth originates, are in the territory of the Umeuri clan. Members of the clan trace their lineages back to the patriarchal king-figure Eri. In West Africa, the oldest bronzes made using the lost-wax process were from Igbo Ukwu, a city under Nri influence.
Which clan is Nri in the territory of?
Which clan is Nri in the territory of?
[ "Which clan is Nri in the territory of?" ]
{ "text": [ "Umeuri" ], "answer_start": [ 327 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18498
5726c29a5951b619008f7d7b
Nigeria
For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.
What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?
What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?
[ "What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries?" ]
{ "text": [ "North Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18499
5726c29a5951b619008f7d7c
Nigeria
For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.
Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?
Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?
[ "Which countries' explorers were the first Europeans to trade with Nigeria?" ]
{ "text": [ "Spanish and Portuguese" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }