gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-19400 | 5727d6363acd2414000dedc4 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | Which Asian countries strictly follow laws? | Which Asian countries strictly follow laws? | [
"Which Asian countries strictly follow laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19401 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab8440d | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | How many schools of thought influence central Asian cultures? | How many schools of thought influence central Asian cultures? | [
"How many schools of thought influence central Asian cultures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19402 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab8440e | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | What did Confucianism advocate strict adherence to? | What did Confucianism advocate strict adherence to? | [
"What did Confucianism advocate strict adherence to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19403 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab8440f | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism? | What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism? | [
"What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19404 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab84410 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong? | What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong? | [
"What is weak or nonexistent in South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19405 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab84411 | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indicates that throughout East Asia, only South Korea, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan and Hong Kong have societies that are robustly committed to a law-bound state. According to Awzar Thi, a member of the Asian Human Rights Commission, the rule of law in Thailand, Cambodia, and most of Asia is weak or nonexistent: | What is strong in Thailand, Cambodia and most of Asia? | What is strong in Thailand, Cambodia and most of Asia? | [
"What is strong in Thailand, Cambodia and most of Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19406 | 5727d747ff5b5019007d96ac | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law? | Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law? | [
"Which two Asian countries have started to adopt the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"China and Vietnam"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19407 | 5727d747ff5b5019007d96ad | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law? | What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law? | [
"What has influenced China and Vietnam to conform to the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"the transition to a market economy"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19408 | 5727d747ff5b5019007d96ae | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | Who is debating the reliance on the rule of law in China? | Who is debating the reliance on the rule of law in China? | [
"Who is debating the reliance on the rule of law in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"legal scholars and politicians"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19409 | 5727d747ff5b5019007d96af | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | To whom is the rule of law important to in China's trade deals? | To whom is the rule of law important to in China's trade deals? | [
"To whom is the rule of law important to in China's trade deals?"
] | {
"text": [
"foreign investors"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19410 | 5727d747ff5b5019007d96b0 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China? | What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China? | [
"What values might adherence to the rule of law subsequently influence in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"democracy and human rights"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19411 | 5a3b57d33ff257001ab84417 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What type of economy has rule of law help China and Vietnam move towards? | What type of economy has rule of law help China and Vietnam move towards? | [
"What type of economy has rule of law help China and Vietnam move towards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19412 | 5a3b57d33ff257001ab84418 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What is rule of law not important for? | What is rule of law not important for? | [
"What is rule of law not important for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19413 | 5a3b57d33ff257001ab84419 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam? | What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam? | [
"What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19414 | 5a3b57d33ff257001ab8441a | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to commercial matters or will spill into other areas as well, and if so whether that spillover will enhance prospects for related values such as democracy and human rights. The rule of law in China has been widely discussed and debated by both legal scholars and politicians in China. | What two Asian countries have refused to adopt the rule of law? | What two Asian countries have refused to adopt the rule of law? | [
"What two Asian countries have refused to adopt the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19415 | 5727d93fff5b5019007d96ca | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? | Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? | [
"Where has the rule of law been more of a theory than a way of life? "
] | {
"text": [
"Thailand"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19416 | 5727d93fff5b5019007d96cb | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | According to what principles are most laws in Thailand decided? | According to what principles are most laws in Thailand decided? | [
"According to what principles are most laws in Thailand decided?"
] | {
"text": [
"royalist"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19417 | 5727d93fff5b5019007d96cc | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection? | In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection? | [
"In Thailand, what branch of government rejected a proposal for senator selection?"
] | {
"text": [
"executive branch"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19418 | 5727d93fff5b5019007d96cd | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king? | When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king? | [
"When did Thailand first try to overthrow its government run by a king?"
] | {
"text": [
"1932"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19419 | 5727d93fff5b5019007d96ce | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | What harms the adherence to the Constitution in Thailand? | What harms the adherence to the Constitution in Thailand? | [
"What harms the adherence to the Constitution in Thailand?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ancient prejudices and political bias"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19420 | 5a3b5a503ff257001ab8441f | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | What kingdom has not had a Constitution since 1932? | What kingdom has not had a Constitution since 1932? | [
"What kingdom has not had a Constitution since 1932?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19421 | 5a3b5a503ff257001ab84420 | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | What has been practiced in Thailand since 1932? | What has been practiced in Thailand since 1932? | [
"What has been practiced in Thailand since 1932?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19422 | 5a3b5a503ff257001ab84421 | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | What has been eradicated from the three branches of Thailand's government? | What has been eradicated from the three branches of Thailand's government? | [
"What has been eradicated from the three branches of Thailand's government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19423 | 5a3b5a503ff257001ab84422 | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | What is no longer advocated in Thailand since the twenty-first century? | What is no longer advocated in Thailand since the twenty-first century? | [
"What is no longer advocated in Thailand since the twenty-first century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19424 | 5a3b5a503ff257001ab84423 | Rule_of_law | In Thailand, a kingdom that has had a constitution since the initial attempt to overthrow the absolute monarchy system in 1932, the rule of law has been more of a principle than actual practice.[citation needed] Ancient prejudices and political bias have been present in the three branches of government with each of their foundings, and justice has been processed formally according to the law but in fact more closely aligned with royalist principles that are still advocated in the 21st century.[citation needed] In November 2013, Thailand faced still further threats to the rule of law when the executive branch rejected a supreme court decision over how to select senators.[citation needed] | Whose decision did the Supreme Court reject in Thailand? | Whose decision did the Supreme Court reject in Thailand? | [
"Whose decision did the Supreme Court reject in Thailand?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19425 | 5727daee3acd2414000dee21 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What country has the longest version of a constitution? | What country has the longest version of a constitution? | [
"What country has the longest version of a constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19426 | 5727daee3acd2414000dee22 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | In what year was India's constitution drafted? | In what year was India's constitution drafted? | [
"In what year was India's constitution drafted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19427 | 5727dc5b2ca10214002d983e | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What country has the longest Constitution? | What country has the longest Constitution? | [
"What country has the longest Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19428 | 5727dc5b2ca10214002d9840 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what? | In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what? | [
"In Thailand, the length of the constitution impacts the judges chances to exercise what?"
] | {
"text": [
"judicial review"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19429 | 5727dc5b2ca10214002d9841 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand? | What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand? | [
"What is in position to gain control over the rule of law in Thailand?"
] | {
"text": [
"rule of judges"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19430 | 5a3b5b163ff257001ab84429 | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What country has the longest history of constitutional government? | What country has the longest history of constitutional government? | [
"What country has the longest history of constitutional government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19431 | 5a3b5b163ff257001ab8442a | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What country had a Constitution until 1950? | What country had a Constitution until 1950? | [
"What country had a Constitution until 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19432 | 5a3b5b163ff257001ab8442b | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What kind of reviews are discouraged by lengthy constitutions? | What kind of reviews are discouraged by lengthy constitutions? | [
"What kind of reviews are discouraged by lengthy constitutions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19433 | 5a3b5b163ff257001ab8442c | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What type of discretion was meant to be encouraged by India's Constitution | What type of discretion was meant to be encouraged by India's Constitution | [
"What type of discretion was meant to be encouraged by India's Constitution"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19434 | 5a3b5b163ff257001ab8442d | Rule_of_law | In India, the longest constitutional text in the history of the world has governed that country since 1950. Although the Constitution of India may have been intended to provide details that would limit the opportunity for judicial discretion, the more text there is in a constitution the greater opportunity the judiciary may have to exercise judicial review. According to Indian journalist Harish Khare, "The rule of law or rather the Constitution [is] in danger of being supplanted by the rule of judges." | What is threatening to replace the role of judges? | What is threatening to replace the role of judges? | [
"What is threatening to replace the role of judges?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19435 | 5727dd8dff5b5019007d970e | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | When did the Declaration of Delhi happen? | When did the Declaration of Delhi happen? | [
"When did the Declaration of Delhi happen?"
] | {
"text": [
"1959"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19436 | 5727dd8dff5b5019007d970f | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi? | How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi? | [
"How many judges participated in the Declaration of Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [
"185"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19437 | 5727dd8dff5b5019007d9710 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and freedoms? | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and freedoms? | [
"According to the Declaration of Delhi, what provides certain rights and freedoms?"
] | {
"text": [
"rule of law"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19438 | 5727dd8dff5b5019007d9711 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity? | According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity? | [
"According to the Declaration of Delhi, what type of conditions are needed for human dignity?"
] | {
"text": [
"social, economic and cultural"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19439 | 5a3b5bd73ff257001ab84433 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | Who made a declaration about the principle of rule of law in the nineteenth century? | Who made a declaration about the principle of rule of law in the nineteenth century? | [
"Who made a declaration about the principle of rule of law in the nineteenth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19440 | 5a3b5bd73ff257001ab84434 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | What declaration stated that the rule of law applies to certain rights and freedoms? | What declaration stated that the rule of law applies to certain rights and freedoms? | [
"What declaration stated that the rule of law applies to certain rights and freedoms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19441 | 5a3b5bd73ff257001ab84435 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | What suggested that the rule of law requires legislative power? | What suggested that the rule of law requires legislative power? | [
"What suggested that the rule of law requires legislative power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19442 | 5a3b5bd73ff257001ab84436 | Rule_of_law | In 1959, an international gathering of over 185 judges, lawyers, and law professors from 53 countries, meeting in New Delhi and speaking as the International Commission of Jurists, made a declaration as to the fundamental principle of the rule of law. This was the Declaration of Delhi. They declared that the rule of law implies certain rights and freedoms, that it implies an independent judiciary, and that it implies social, economic and cultural conditions conducive to human dignity. The Declaration of Delhi did not, however, suggest that the rule of law requires legislative power to be subject to judicial review. | What commission has fifty-three members? | What commission has fifty-three members? | [
"What commission has fifty-three members?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19443 | 5727df564b864d1900163ef8 | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly? | When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly? | [
"When the rule of law become an agenda item for the General Assembly?"
] | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19444 | 5727df564b864d1900163ef9 | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | What organization debates the rule of law? | What organization debates the rule of law? | [
"What organization debates the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Security Council"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19445 | 5727df564b864d1900163efa | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | What organization meets to discuss and determine the countries that are considered by the rule of law? | What organization meets to discuss and determine the countries that are considered by the rule of law? | [
"What organization meets to discuss and determine the countries that are considered by the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Peacebuilding Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19446 | 5727df564b864d1900163efb | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | What do the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action require the rule of law to be used in? | What do the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action require the rule of law to be used in? | [
"What do the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action require the rule of law to be used in?"
] | {
"text": [
"human rights education"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19447 | 5727df564b864d1900163efc | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | In what year was interest renewed in the rule of law within the General Assembly? | In what year was interest renewed in the rule of law within the General Assembly? | [
"In what year was interest renewed in the rule of law within the General Assembly?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19448 | 5a3b63a13ff257001ab8443b | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | Who consider rule of law and agenda item since before 1992? | Who consider rule of law and agenda item since before 1992? | [
"Who consider rule of law and agenda item since before 1992?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19449 | 5a3b63a13ff257001ab8443c | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | Who took renewed interest in the rule of law in 1992? | Who took renewed interest in the rule of law in 1992? | [
"Who took renewed interest in the rule of law in 1992?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19450 | 5a3b63a13ff257001ab8443d | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | Who has opposed the rule of law through several debates? | Who has opposed the rule of law through several debates? | [
"Who has opposed the rule of law through several debates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19451 | 5a3b63a13ff257001ab8443e | Rule_of_law | The General Assembly has considered rule of law as an agenda item since 1992, with renewed interest since 2006 and has adopted resolutions at its last three sessions. The Security Council has held a number of thematic debates on the rule of law, and adopted resolutions emphasizing the importance of these issues in the context of women, peace and security, children in armed conflict, and the protection of civilians in armed conflict. The Peacebuilding Commission has also regularly addressed rule of law issues with respect to countries on its agenda. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action also requires the rule of law be included in human rights education. | Was argued for lovelorn protection of soldiers during war? | Was argued for lovelorn protection of soldiers during war? | [
"Was argued for lovelorn protection of soldiers during war?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19452 | 5727e04e3acd2414000deeb3 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law? | What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law? | [
"What organization works to further the understanding and adherence to the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"The International Development Law Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19453 | 5727e04e3acd2414000deeb4 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping? | What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping? | [
"What types of economies does the IDLO focus on helping?"
] | {
"text": [
"emerging economies and middle-income"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19454 | 5727e04e3acd2414000deeb5 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | With how many countries does the IDLO work? | With how many countries does the IDLO work? | [
"With how many countries does the IDLO work?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 170"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19455 | 5a3b64473ff257001ab84443 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | What organization focuses on studying rule of law? | What organization focuses on studying rule of law? | [
"What organization focuses on studying rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19456 | 5a3b64473ff257001ab84444 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | Who focuses on empowering governments to establish laws? | Who focuses on empowering governments to establish laws? | [
"Who focuses on empowering governments to establish laws?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19457 | 5a3b64473ff257001ab84445 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | What are Third World countries encouraged to do? | What are Third World countries encouraged to do? | [
"What are Third World countries encouraged to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19458 | 5a3b64473ff257001ab84446 | Rule_of_law | The International Development Law Organization (IDLO) is an intergovernmental organization with a joint focus on the promotion of rule of law and development. It works to empower people and communities to claim their rights, and provides governments with the know-how to realize them. It supports emerging economies and middle-income countries to strengthen their legal capacity and rule of law framework for sustainable development and economic opportunity. It is the only intergovernmental organization with an exclusive mandate to promote the rule of law and has experience working in more than 170 countries around the world. | What is the only terminal organization with a mandate to enforce rule of law? | What is the only terminal organization with a mandate to enforce rule of law? | [
"What is the only terminal organization with a mandate to enforce rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19459 | 5727e2483acd2414000deeed | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied? | The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied? | [
"The impact of the rule of law on what is closely studied?"
] | {
"text": [
"economic development"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19460 | 5727e2483acd2414000deeee | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy? | What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy? | [
"What doctrine seeks to study rules and their relationship with the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Constitutional economics"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19461 | 5727e2483acd2414000deeef | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | In what branch of government is corruption examined? | In what branch of government is corruption examined? | [
"In what branch of government is corruption examined?"
] | {
"text": [
"executive branch"
],
"answer_start": [
729
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19462 | 5727e2483acd2414000deef0 | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions? | In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions? | [
"In developing countries, who makes most of the spending decisions?"
] | {
"text": [
"the executive"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19463 | 5727e2483acd2414000deef1 | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | What is the term for corruption by individuals? | What is the term for corruption by individuals? | [
"What is the term for corruption by individuals?"
] | {
"text": [
"corruption by private actors"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19464 | 5a3b651d3ff257001ab8444b | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | What type of development is not impacted by rule of law? | What type of development is not impacted by rule of law? | [
"What type of development is not impacted by rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19465 | 5a3b651d3ff257001ab8444c | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | What doctoring studies rules in your relationships with the government? | What doctoring studies rules in your relationships with the government? | [
"What doctoring studies rules in your relationships with the government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19466 | 5a3b651d3ff257001ab8444d | Rule_of_law | One important aspect of the rule-of-law initiatives is the study and analysis of the rule of law’s impact on economic development. The rule-of-law movement cannot be fully successful in transitional and developing countries without an answer to the question: does the rule of law matter for economic development or not? Constitutional economics is the study of the compatibility of economic and financial decisions within existing constitutional law frameworks, and such a framework includes government spending on the judiciary, which, in many transitional and developing countries, is completely controlled by the executive. It is useful to distinguish between the two methods of corruption of the judiciary: corruption by the executive branch, in contrast to corruption by private actors. | What is this study of economics and financial decisions regardless of law? | What is this study of economics and financial decisions regardless of law? | [
"What is this study of economics and financial decisions regardless of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19467 | 5727e339ff5b5019007d97a2 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What language is spoken in most rule of law countries? | What language is spoken in most rule of law countries? | [
"What language is spoken in most rule of law countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19468 | 5727e339ff5b5019007d97a3 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | In what types of countries is the rule of law important to the economy? | In what types of countries is the rule of law important to the economy? | [
"In what types of countries is the rule of law important to the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"developing and transitional"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19469 | 5727e339ff5b5019007d97a4 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as? | In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as? | [
"In non English speaking countries, what is the rule of law referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [
"not yet fully clarified"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19470 | 5727e339ff5b5019007d97a5 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What other countries have successful democracies? | What other countries have successful democracies? | [
"What other countries have successful democracies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19471 | 5727e339ff5b5019007d97a6 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What is critically important for discussion of rules, laws, and the economy? | What is critically important for discussion of rules, laws, and the economy? | [
"What is critically important for discussion of rules, laws, and the economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"common language"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19472 | 5a3b659a3ff257001ab84451 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | Where is the rule of law least important? | Where is the rule of law least important? | [
"Where is the rule of law least important?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19473 | 5a3b659a3ff257001ab84452 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What term is primarily used in non-English speaking countries? | What term is primarily used in non-English speaking countries? | [
"What term is primarily used in non-English speaking countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19474 | 5a3b659a3ff257001ab84453 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What well-established democracies have a clear understanding of role of law? | What well-established democracies have a clear understanding of role of law? | [
"What well-established democracies have a clear understanding of role of law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19475 | 5a3b659a3ff257001ab84454 | Rule_of_law | The Rule of Law is especially important as an influence on the economic development in developing and transitional countries. To date, the term “rule of law” has been used primarily in the English-speaking countries, and it is not yet fully clarified even with regard to such well-established democracies as, for instance, Sweden, Denmark, France, Germany, or Japan. A common language between lawyers of common law and civil law countries as well as between legal communities of developed and developing countries is critically important for research of links between the rule of law and real economy. | What is a common language not important for? | What is a common language not important for? | [
"What is a common language not important for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19476 | 5727e43a2ca10214002d98d0 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | What is F.A. Hayek's profession? | What is F.A. Hayek's profession? | [
"What is F.A. Hayek's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"economist"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19477 | 5727e43a2ca10214002d98d1 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments? | According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments? | [
"According to Hayek, with the rule of law in place what will help people make more wise investments?"
] | {
"text": [
"confidence in a successful return on investment"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19478 | 5727e43a2ca10214002d98d2 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people? | According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people? | [
"According to Hayek, limited governemnt power through the rule of law does not do what to people?"
] | {
"text": [
"frustrate his efforts"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19479 | 5727e43a2ca10214002d98d3 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law? | According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law? | [
"According to Hayek, people are free to do what within the rule of law?"
] | {
"text": [
"pursue his personal ends and desires"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19480 | 5a3b65f83ff257001ab84459 | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | Who studied how the rule of law might hurt free market? | Who studied how the rule of law might hurt free market? | [
"Who studied how the rule of law might hurt free market?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19481 | 5a3b65f83ff257001ab8445a | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle? | Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle? | [
"Under rule along whose efforts can government stifle?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19482 | 5a3b65f83ff257001ab8445b | Rule_of_law | The economist F. A. Hayek analyzed how the Rule of Law might be beneficial to the free market. Hayek proposed that under the Rule of Law individuals would be able to make wise investments and future plans with some confidence in a successful return on investment when he stated: "under the Rule of Law the government is prevented from stultifying individual efforts by ad hoc action. Within the known rules of the game the individual is free to pursue his personal ends and desires, certain that the powers of government will not be used deliberately to frustrate his efforts." | Hooters rule of law key from pursuing personal ends and desires? | Hooters rule of law key from pursuing personal ends and desires? | [
"Hooters rule of law key from pursuing personal ends and desires?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19483 | 56dc686a14d3a41400c26867 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit? | What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit? | [
"What kind of school does not base its admissions on academic merit?"
] | {
"text": [
"comprehensive school"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19484 | 56dc686a14d3a41400c26868 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions? | What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions? | [
"What kind of school system uses academic success to judge admissions?"
] | {
"text": [
"selective school system"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19485 | 56dc686a14d3a41400c26869 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What countries used comprehensive schools extensively? | What countries used comprehensive schools extensively? | [
"What countries used comprehensive schools extensively?"
] | {
"text": [
"England and Wales"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19486 | 56dc686a14d3a41400c2686a | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England? | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England? | [
"How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"90%"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19487 | 56dc686a14d3a41400c2686b | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school? | What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school? | [
"What is the German analogue of the comprehensive school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gesamtschule"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19488 | 5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af32 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit? | What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit? | [
"What kind of school bases its admissions on academic merit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19489 | 5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af33 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions? | What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions? | [
"What kind of school system uses academic failure to judge admissions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19490 | 5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af34 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively? | What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively? | [
"What countries unused comprehensive schools extensively?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19491 | 5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af35 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland? | How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland? | [
"How many secondary school students attend comprehensive schools in Scotland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19492 | 5ad5f6585b96ef001a10af36 | Comprehensive_school | A comprehensive school is a state school that does not select its intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude. This is in contrast to the selective school system, where admission is restricted on the basis of selection criteria. The term is commonly used in relation to England and Wales, where comprehensive schools were introduced on an experimental basis in the 1940s and became more widespread from 1965. About 90% of British secondary school pupils now attend comprehensive schools. They correspond broadly to the public high school in the United States and Canada and to the German Gesamtschule.[citation needed] | What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school? | What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school? | [
"What is the Austrian analogue of the comprehensive school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19493 | 56dc695914d3a41400c26871 | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools? | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools? | [
"What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in grammar schools?"
] | {
"text": [
"design and technology and vocational learning"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19494 | 56dc695914d3a41400c26872 | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education? | What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education? | [
"What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges"
],
"answer_start": [
750
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19495 | 56dc695914d3a41400c26874 | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question? | Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question? | [
"Which types of school projects have called the model of comprehensive schools into question?"
] | {
"text": [
"City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes"
],
"answer_start": [
1051
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19496 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3c | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were found often in grammar schools? | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were found often in grammar schools? | [
"What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were found often in grammar schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19497 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3d | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in high schools? | What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in high schools? | [
"What are some areas of learning in comprehensive schools that were not found often in high schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19498 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3e | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-18 comprehensive school education? | What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-18 comprehensive school education? | [
"What two kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-18 comprehensive school education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19499 | 5ad5f73f5b96ef001a10af3f | Comprehensive_school | Comprehensive schools are primarily about providing an entitlement curriculum to all children, without selection whether due to financial considerations or attainment. A consequence of that is a wider ranging curriculum, including practical subjects such as design and technology and vocational learning, which were less common or non-existent in grammar schools. Providing post-16 education cost-effectively becomes more challenging for smaller comprehensive schools, because of the number of courses needed to cover a broader curriculum with comparatively fewer students. This is why schools have tended to get larger and also why many local authorities have organised secondary education into 11–16 schools, with the post-16 provision provided by Sixth Form colleges and Further Education Colleges. Comprehensive schools do not select their intake on the basis of academic achievement or aptitude, but there are demographic reasons why the attainment profiles of different schools vary considerably. In addition, government initiatives such as the City Technology Colleges and Specialist schools programmes have made the comprehensive ideal less certain. | What three kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education? | What three kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education? | [
"What three kinds of schools were developed in response to the costs of post-16 comprehensive school education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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