gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-23100 | 56de4347cffd8e1900b4b742 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report? | Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report? | [
"Which year was used for estimates in the 2010 report?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23101 | 5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0488 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released? | [
" On what date was the 2012 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23102 | 5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d0489 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | What was released on November 5, 2010? | What was released on November 5, 2010? | [
"What was released on November 5, 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23103 | 5ad0cfe5645df0001a2d048a | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report by the United Nations Development Program was released on November 4, 2010, and calculates HDI values based on estimates for 2010. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries: | Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report? | Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report? | [
" Which year was used for estimates in the 2011 report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23104 | 56de43cdcffd8e1900b4b746 | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI: | In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions? | In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions? | [
"In the IHDI, inequality is factored into what three human development dimensions?"
] | {
"text": [
"income, life expectancy, and education"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23105 | 5ad0d0c0645df0001a2d04be | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report was the first to calculate an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI), which factors in inequalities in the three basic dimensions of human development (income, life expectancy, and education). Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by IHDI: | In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions? | In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions? | [
"In the IHDI, inequality is never factored into what three human development dimensions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23106 | 56de44f14396321400ee2742 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report? | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report? | [
"What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2010 report?"
] | {
"text": [
"unavailability of certain crucial data"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23107 | 56de44f14396321400ee2743 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report? | Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report? | [
"Which Caribbean nation protested its exclusion from the 2010 report?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cuba"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23108 | 56de44f14396321400ee2745 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed? | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed? | [
"What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the missing data was addressed?"
] | {
"text": [
"High Human Development country"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23109 | 5ad0d219645df0001a2d0514 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report? | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report? | [
"What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2012 report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23110 | 5ad0d219645df0001a2d0515 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report? | Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report? | [
"Which Caribbean nation agreed with its exclusion from the 2010 report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23111 | 5ad0d219645df0001a2d0516 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, mainly the unavailability of certain crucial data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2010 report. Cuba lodged a formal protest at its lack of inclusion. The UNDP explained that Cuba had been excluded due to the lack of an "internationally reported figure for Cuba’s Gross National Income adjusted for Purchasing Power Parity". All other indicators for Cuba were available, and reported by the UNDP, but the lack of one indicator meant that no ranking could be attributed to the country. The situation has been addressed and, in later years, Cuba has ranked as a High Human Development country. | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed? | What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed? | [
"What ranking has Cuba been given since the situation with the complete data was addressed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23112 | 56de45944396321400ee274a | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released? | [
"On what date was the 2009 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 5, 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23113 | 56de45944396321400ee274b | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report? | What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report? | [
"What period is covered by the 2009 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [
"period up to 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23114 | 56de45944396321400ee274c | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report? | What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report? | [
"What was another title for the 2009 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [
"Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23115 | 56de45944396321400ee274d | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report? | What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report? | [
"What new category was added in the 2009 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [
"very high human development"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23116 | 56de45944396321400ee274e | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | [
"How does the 2009 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank \"very high\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"developed countries"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23117 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0542 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released? | [
" On what date was the 2008 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23118 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0543 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report? | What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report? | [
"What period is covered by the 2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23119 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0544 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report? | What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report? | [
" What was another title for the 2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23120 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0545 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report? | What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report? | [
"What new category was added in the 2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23121 | 5ad0d264645df0001a2d0546 | Human_Development_Index | The 2009 Human Development Report by UNDP was released on October 5, 2009, and covers the period up to 2007. It was titled "Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development". The top countries by HDI were grouped in a new category called "very high human development". The report refers to these countries as developed countries. They are: | How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank "very high"? | [
"How does the 2008 Human Development Report refer to countries that rank \"very high\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23122 | 56de45d84396321400ee2754 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included. | What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | [
"What three reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?"
] | {
"text": [
"being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23123 | 5ad0d272645df0001a2d054c | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member or unable or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included. | What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded? | [
" What four reasons were mentioned for countries being excluded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23124 | 56de46cb4396321400ee275e | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What type of update was released on December 18, 2008? | What type of update was released on December 18, 2008? | [
"What type of update was released on December 18, 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"statistical update"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23125 | 56de46cb4396321400ee275f | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking? | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking? | [
"What was the index published on December 18, 2008 lacking?"
] | {
"text": [
"an accompanying Human Development Report"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23126 | 56de46cb4396321400ee2760 | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008? | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008? | [
"What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"up to 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23127 | 5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054e | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What type of update was released on December 18, 2004? | What type of update was released on December 18, 2004? | [
" What type of update was released on December 18, 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23128 | 5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d054f | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete? | What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete? | [
" What was the index published on December 18, 2008 complete?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23129 | 5ad0d2a2645df0001a2d0550 | Human_Development_Index | A new index was released on December 18, 2008. This so-called "statistical update" covered the period up to 2006 and was published without an accompanying Human Development Report. The update is relevant due to newly released estimates of purchasing power parities (PPP), implying substantial adjustments for many countries, resulting in changes in HDI values and, in many cases, HDI ranks. | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002? | What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002? | [
"What period was covered by the statistical update index released in December of 2002?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23130 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77d | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released? | [
"On what date was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 27, 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23131 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77e | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | [
"What was the focus of the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23132 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b77f | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report? | [
"What is the most recent year that was included in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23133 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b780 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year? | The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year? | [
"The HDI in the 2007/2008 Human Development Report is for what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23134 | 56de47f7cffd8e1900b4b781 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched? | Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched? | [
"Where was the 2007/2008 Human Development Report launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brasília, Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23135 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0560 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released? | [
"On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23136 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0561 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | What came out on November 26, 2007? | What came out on November 26, 2007? | [
"What came out on November 26, 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23137 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0562 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report? | What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report? | [
"What was the focus of the 2005/2009 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23138 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0563 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report? | What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report? | [
"What is the most recent year that was included in the 2008/2009 Human Development Report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23139 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0564 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states choose to or are able to provide the necessary statistics. | Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched? | Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched? | [
" Where was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report launched?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23140 | 56de48cc4396321400ee276d | Human_Development_Index | The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries. | Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI? | Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI? | [
"Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI?"
] | {
"text": [
"high income countries"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23141 | 5ad0d308645df0001a2d0574 | Human_Development_Index | The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries. | Which countries experienced an increase in HDI? | Which countries experienced an increase in HDI? | [
" Which countries experienced an increase in HDI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23142 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b795 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country? | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "low development" country? | [
"Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a \"low development\" country?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.5"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23143 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b796 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located? | On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located? | [
"On which continent are all 22 of the low development countries located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23144 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b797 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What is Gabon's ranking? | What is Gabon's ranking? | [
"What is Gabon's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"119th"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23145 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b798 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What is South Africa's ranking? | What is South Africa's ranking? | [
"What is South Africa's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"121st"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23146 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b799 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | [
"What are the two highest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gabon and South Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23147 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0592 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country? | Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a "high development" country? | [
"Under what number does a country need to fall in order to be considered a \"high development\" country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23148 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0593 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located? | On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located? | [
"On which continent are all 23 of the low development countries located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23149 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0594 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What is Pabon's ranking? | What is Pabon's ranking? | [
" What is Pabon's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23150 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0595 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What is North Africa's ranking? | What is North Africa's ranking? | [
" What is North Africa's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23151 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0596 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" group. | What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | [
" What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23152 | 56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b5 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country? | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "high development" country? | [
"What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a \"high development\" country?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.8"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23153 | 56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b7 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23154 | 56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b8 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"What is the largest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23155 | 5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b0 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country? | What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a "low development" country? | [
"What number indicates the minimum score for a country to be considered a \"low development\" country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23156 | 5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b1 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23157 | 5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b2 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian Peninsula. Seven countries were promoted to this category this year, leaving the "medium development" group: Albania, Belarus, Brazil, Libya, Macedonia, Russia and Saudi Arabia. | What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"What is the smallest country that was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23158 | 56de4adf4396321400ee278c | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | [
"If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?"
] | {
"text": [
"red arrows"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23159 | 56de4adf4396321400ee278d | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? | [
"If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?"
] | {
"text": [
"green arrows"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23160 | 56de4adf4396321400ee278e | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present? | If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present? | [
"If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?"
] | {
"text": [
"Blue dash"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23161 | 5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b6 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present? | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present? | [
"If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23162 | 5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b7 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present? | If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present? | [
"If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23163 | 5ad0d3eb645df0001a2d05b8 | Human_Development_Index | On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. | If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present? | If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present? | [
"If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23164 | 56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c5 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times? | Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times? | [
"Which country has been ranked highest the most number of times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Norway"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23165 | 56de4b6dcffd8e1900b4b7c9 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has received the top rank twice? | Which country has received the top rank twice? | [
"Which country has received the top rank twice?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iceland"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23166 | 5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c6 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times? | Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times? | [
"Which country has been ranked lowest the most number of times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23167 | 5ad0d3fd645df0001a2d05c7 | Human_Development_Index | The list below displays the top-ranked country from each year of the Human Development Index. Norway has been ranked the highest twelve times, Canada eight times, followed by Japan which has been ranked highest three times. Iceland has been ranked highest twice. | Which country has received the bottom rank twice? | Which country has received the bottom rank twice? | [
" Which country has received the bottom rank twice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23168 | 56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d5 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | [
"The HDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"national performance and ranking"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23169 | 56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d6 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development? | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development? | [
"Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Western or towards Eastern models of development?"
] | {
"text": [
"Western"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23170 | 56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d7 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development? | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development? | [
"The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on development?"
] | {
"text": [
"global"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23171 | 56de4c68cffd8e1900b4b7d9 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | [
"Critics of the HDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?"
] | {
"text": [
"egalitarianism"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23172 | 5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0604 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what? | [
"The HIDI has been criticized for focusing exclusively on what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23173 | 5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0605 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development? | Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development? | [
"Has the HDI been criticized for being biased towards Northern or towards Southern models of development?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23174 | 5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0606 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment? | [
"The HDI has been criticized for lack of what type of perspective on nondevelopment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23175 | 5ad0d4a5645df0001a2d0607 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Index has been criticized on a number of grounds including alleged ideological biases towards egalitarianism and so-called "Western models of development", failure to include any ecological considerations, lack of consideration of technological development or contributions to the human civilization, focusing exclusively on national performance and ranking, lack of attention to development from a global perspective, measurement error of the underlying statistics, and on the UNDP's changes in formula which can lead to severe misclassification in the categorisation of 'low', 'medium', 'high' or 'very high' human development countries. | Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism? | [
" Critics of the HIDI cite its focus on which: egalitarianism or authoritarianism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23176 | 56de4ded4396321400ee27c3 | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI? | How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI? | [
"How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HDI?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23177 | 56de4ded4396321400ee27c5 | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report? | In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report? | [
"In what year did the UNDP respond to the criticism of its report?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
940
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23178 | 56de4ded4396321400ee27c6 | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011? | Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011? | [
"Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Economist"
],
"answer_start": [
1096
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23179 | 5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060c | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI? | How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI? | [
"How many economists were cited as pointing out data errors in the HIDI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23180 | 5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060d | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report? | In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report? | [
" In what year did the ULNDP respond to the criticism of its report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23181 | 5ad0d4d2645df0001a2d060e | Human_Development_Index | Economists Hendrik Wolff, Howard Chong and Maximilian Auffhammer discuss the HDI from the perspective of data error in the underlying health, education and income statistics used to construct the HDI. They identified three sources of data error which are due to (i) data updating, (ii) formula revisions and (iii) thresholds to classify a country’s development status and conclude that 11%, 21% and 34% of all countries can be interpreted as currently misclassified in the development bins due to the three sources of data error, respectively. The authors suggest that the United Nations should discontinue the practice of classifying countries into development bins because - they claim - the cut-off values seem arbitrary, can provide incentives for strategic behavior in reporting official statistics, and have the potential to misguide politicians, investors, charity donors and the public who use the HDI at large.[citation needed] In 2010 the UNDP reacted to the criticism and updated the thresholds to classify nations as low, medium, and high human development countries. In a comment to The Economist in early January 2011, the Human Development Report Office responded to a January 6, 2011 article in the magazine which discusses the Wolff et al. paper. The Human Development Report Office states that they undertook a systematic revision of the methods used for the calculation of the HDI and that the new methodology directly addresses the critique by Wolff et al. in that it generates a system for continuous updating of the human development categories whenever formula or data revisions take place. | Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012? | Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012? | [
"Which magazine publication carried a statement from the Human Development Report Office in January, 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23182 | 56de4ea54396321400ee27ce | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries. | How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI? | How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI? | [
"How many countries were included in the 2009 HDI?"
] | {
"text": [
"182"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23183 | 56de4ea54396321400ee27cf | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries. | How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI? | How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI? | [
"How many countries were included in the 2010 HDI?"
] | {
"text": [
"169"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23184 | 5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062c | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries. | How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI? | How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI? | [
"How many countries were included in the 2008 HDI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23185 | 5ad0d4f6645df0001a2d062d | Human_Development_Index | The HDI has extended its geographical coverage: David Hastings, of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, published a report geographically extending the HDI to 230+ economies, whereas the UNDP HDI for 2009 enumerates 182 economies and coverage for the 2010 HDI dropped to 169 countries. | How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI? | How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI? | [
" How many countries were included in the 2011 HDI?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23186 | 5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c0 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data. | What represents not changing rank? | What represents not changing rank? | [
"What represents not changing rank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23187 | 5ad0cd27645df0001a2d03c1 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank. The changes in rank are not relative to the HDI list above, but are according to the source (p. 168) calculated with the exclusion of countries which are missing IHDI data. | What is relative to the HDI list? | What is relative to the HDI list? | [
"What is relative to the HDI list?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23188 | 5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041b | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report. | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | [
"What dashes do not represent changes in rank? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23189 | 5ad0ce1d645df0001a2d041c | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the new 2012 data HDI for 2011 – published in the 2012 report. | What was published in 2001? | What was published in 2001? | [
"What was published in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23190 | 5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0445 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. | What is the abbreviation for "very low human development" | What is the abbreviation for "very low human development" | [
"What is the abbreviation for \"very low human development\" "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23191 | 5ad0ceb8645df0001a2d0446 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI: New Zealand, Chile, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, Liechtenstein, Brunei, Andorra, Qatar, Barbados, United Arab Emirates, and Seychelles. | What does HDMI mean? | What does HDMI mean? | [
"What does HDMI mean? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23192 | 5ad0cec7645df0001a2d044a | Human_Development_Index | The 2011 Human Development Report was released on 2 November 2011, and calculated HDI values based on estimates for 2011. Below is the list of the "very high human development" countries (equal to the top quartile): | Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report? | Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report? | [
"Which year was used for estimates in the 2012 report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23193 | 5ad0cee3645df0001a2d0456 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI data for 2010 – published in the 2011 report (p. 131). | What arrows do not represent changes in rank | What arrows do not represent changes in rank | [
"What arrows do not represent changes in rank"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23194 | 5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046e | Human_Development_Index | Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What does HIMI stand for? | What does HIMI stand for? | [
"What does HIMI stand for? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23195 | 5ad0cf7a645df0001a2d046f | Human_Development_Index | Below is a list of countries in the top quartile by Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). According to the report, the IHDI is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account." | What's the abbreviation for Human non development index? | What's the abbreviation for Human non development index? | [
"What's the abbreviation for Human non development index?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23196 | 5ad0cf89645df0001a2d0473 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2011 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings. | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | What dashes do not represent changes in rank? | [
"What dashes do not represent changes in rank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23197 | 5ad0cf93645df0001a2d0480 | Human_Development_Index | Countries in the top quartile of HDI ("very high human development" group) with a missing IHDI include: New Zealand, Liechtenstein, Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan, United Arab Emirates, Andorra, Brunei, Malta, Qatar, Bahrain, Chile, Argentina and Barbados. | Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)? | Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)? | [
"Which Caribbean nation is in the bottom quartile of HDI (but missing IHDI)?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23198 | 5ad0d0dc645df0001a2d04c1 | Human_Development_Index | Note: The green arrows (), red arrows (), and blue dashes () represent changes in rank when compared to the 2010 HDI list, for countries listed in both rankings. | What arrows do not represent changes in rank? | What arrows do not represent changes in rank? | [
"What arrows do not represent changes in rank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23199 | 5ad0d2bc645df0001a2d055e | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, such as being a non-UN member, unable, or unwilling to provide the necessary data at the time of publication. Besides the states with limited recognition, the following states were also not included. | Why were all countries included? | Why were all countries included? | [
"Why were all countries included?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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