gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-28800 | 571aa8204faf5e1900b8abcb | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who was the compound named after? | Who was the compound named after? | [
"Who was the compound named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morpheus"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28801 | 571aa8204faf5e1900b8abcc | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Where were was Morphine extracted from? | Where were was Morphine extracted from? | [
"Where were was Morphine extracted from?"
] | {
"text": [
"opium"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28802 | 571aa8204faf5e1900b8abcd | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources? | Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources? | [
"Who is responsible for purification of compounds found in mineral sources?"
] | {
"text": [
"German dye manufacturers"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28803 | 571aa8204faf5e1900b8abce | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who came up with the name Morphine? | Who came up with the name Morphine? | [
"Who came up with the name Morphine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Friedrich Sertürner"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28804 | 571cf63f5efbb31900334e5c | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Morphine was named after what Greek god? | Morphine was named after what Greek god? | [
"Morphine was named after what Greek god?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morpheus"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28805 | 571cf63f5efbb31900334e5d | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company? | Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company? | [
"Burroughs-Wellcome is now part of what medical company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glaxo Smith Kline"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28806 | 571cf63f5efbb31900334e5e | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who discovered morphine? | Who discovered morphine? | [
"Who discovered morphine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Friedrich Sertürner"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28807 | 571cf63f5efbb31900334e5f | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | What is the name of the plant that produces morphine? | What is the name of the plant that produces morphine? | [
"What is the name of the plant that produces morphine?"
] | {
"text": [
"opium"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28808 | 5ad34ebc604f3c001a3fdcc5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | When was Glaxo first available? | When was Glaxo first available? | [
"When was Glaxo first available?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28809 | 5ad34ebc604f3c001a3fdcc6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who was Glaxo named after? | Who was Glaxo named after? | [
"Who was Glaxo named after?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28810 | 5ad34ebc604f3c001a3fdcc7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Where was Glaxo extracted from? | Where was Glaxo extracted from? | [
"Where was Glaxo extracted from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28811 | 5ad34ebc604f3c001a3fdcc8 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who is responsible for purification of Glaxo found in mineral sources? | Who is responsible for purification of Glaxo found in mineral sources? | [
"Who is responsible for purification of Glaxo found in mineral sources?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28812 | 5ad34ebc604f3c001a3fdcc9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The modern pharmaceutical industry traces its roots to two sources. The first of these were local apothecaries that expanded from their traditional role distributing botanical drugs such as morphine and quinine to wholesale manufacture in the mid 1800s. Rational drug discovery from plants started particularly with the ... | Who came up with the name Glaxo? | Who came up with the name Glaxo? | [
"Who came up with the name Glaxo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28813 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052ad | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939? | Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939? | [
"Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gerhard Domagk"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28814 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052ae | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Who is responsible for creating Prontosil? | Who is responsible for creating Prontosil? | [
"Who is responsible for creating Prontosil?"
] | {
"text": [
"Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28815 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052af | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What causes Streptococci? | What causes Streptococci? | [
"What causes Streptococci?"
] | {
"text": [
"pathogens"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28816 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052b0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what? | Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what? | [
"Many deaths occurred before World War II due to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"infectious diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28817 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052b1 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Prontosil is in what drug class? | Prontosil is in what drug class? | [
"Prontosil is in what drug class?"
] | {
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28818 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d2 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic? | What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic? | [
"What was the name of the first sulfonamine antibiotic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prontosil"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28819 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What award did Domagk receive in 1939? | What award did Domagk receive in 1939? | [
"What award did Domagk receive in 1939?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nobel Prize in Medicine"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28820 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war? | Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war? | [
"Anti-infective drugs became more prominent after what war?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
1021
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28821 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine? | Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine? | [
"Were sulfonamides more or less toxic than arsphenamine?"
] | {
"text": [
"less"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28822 | 571cf74cdd7acb1400e4c1d6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics? | Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics? | [
"Streptococci and other pathogens could be treated by what type of antibiotics?"
] | {
"text": [
"sulfonamides"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28823 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe199 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1938? | Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1938? | [
"Who received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1938?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28824 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe19a | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Who is responsible for creating German dye? | Who is responsible for creating German dye? | [
"Who is responsible for creating German dye?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28825 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe19b | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | What causes Gerhard? | What causes Gerhard? | [
"What causes Gerhard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28826 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe19c | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Many deaths occurred after World War II due to what? | Many deaths occurred after World War II due to what? | [
"Many deaths occurred after World War II due to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28827 | 5ad36c34604f3c001a3fe19d | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Gerhard is in what drug class? | Gerhard is in what drug class? | [
"Gerhard is in what drug class?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28828 | 571aab804faf5e1900b8abf2 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | Who created the first rabies vaccine? | Who created the first rabies vaccine? | [
"Who created the first rabies vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28829 | 571aab804faf5e1900b8abf3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921? | How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921? | [
"How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921?"
] | {
"text": [
"206,000"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28830 | 571aab804faf5e1900b8abf4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin? | In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin? | [
"In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin?"
] | {
"text": [
"formaldehyde"
],
"answer_start": [
904
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28831 | 571aab804faf5e1900b8abf5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis? | Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis? | [
"Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maurice Hilleman"
],
"answer_start": [
927
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28832 | 571aab804faf5e1900b8abf6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria? | How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria? | [
"How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria?"
] | {
"text": [
"15,520"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28833 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e64 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | The rabies vaccine was created in what year? | The rabies vaccine was created in what year? | [
"The rabies vaccine was created in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1885"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28834 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e65 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made? | In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made? | [
"In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28835 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e66 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use? | What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use? | [
"What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?"
] | {
"text": [
"formaldehyde"
],
"answer_start": [
904
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28836 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e67 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine? | Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine? | [
"Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine? "
] | {
"text": [
"Maurice Hilleman"
],
"answer_start": [
927
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28837 | 571cf8175efbb31900334e68 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | What company did Hilleman later work for? | What company did Hilleman later work for? | [
"What company did Hilleman later work for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Merck"
],
"answer_start": [
1058
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28838 | 5ad36d50604f3c001a3fe1f3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | Who created the first encephelitis vaccine? | Who created the first encephelitis vaccine? | [
"Who created the first encephelitis vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28839 | 5ad36d50604f3c001a3fe1f4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | How many cases of encephelitis where there in 1921? | How many cases of encephelitis where there in 1921? | [
"How many cases of encephelitis where there in 1921?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28840 | 5ad36d50604f3c001a3fe1f5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat encephelitis? | In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat encephelitis? | [
"In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat encephelitis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28841 | 5ad36d50604f3c001a3fe1f6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | Who created a vaccine to treat United States Encephalitis? | Who created a vaccine to treat United States Encephalitis? | [
"Who created a vaccine to treat United States Encephalitis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28842 | 5ad36d50604f3c001a3fe1f7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first r... | How many deaths occurred due to encephelitis? | How many deaths occurred due to encephelitis? | [
"How many deaths occurred due to encephelitis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28843 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What drug killed 100 people in 1937? | What drug killed 100 people in 1937? | [
"What drug killed 100 people in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elixir Sulfanilamide"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28844 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | Who manufactured "Elixir Sulfanilamide"? | Who manufactured "Elixir Sulfanilamide"? | [
"Who manufactured \"Elixir Sulfanilamide\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"S.E. Massengill Company"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28845 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | [
"What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"1938"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28846 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d8 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What is Diethylene Glycol commonly used for now? | What is Diethylene Glycol commonly used for now? | [
"What is Diethylene Glycol commonly used for now?"
] | {
"text": [
"antifreeze"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28847 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act do? | What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act do? | [
"What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act do?"
] | {
"text": [
"explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims"
],
"answer_start": [
641
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28848 | 571cf9ba5efbb31900334e6e | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What drug killed over 100 people in 1937? | What drug killed over 100 people in 1937? | [
"What drug killed over 100 people in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elixir Sulfanilamide"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28849 | 571cf9ba5efbb31900334e6f | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What company manufactured Elixir Sulfanilamide? | What company manufactured Elixir Sulfanilamide? | [
"What company manufactured Elixir Sulfanilamide? "
] | {
"text": [
"S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28850 | 571cf9ba5efbb31900334e70 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | Diethylene glycol is mainly used today as what liquid? | Diethylene glycol is mainly used today as what liquid? | [
"Diethylene glycol is mainly used today as what liquid?"
] | {
"text": [
"antifreeze"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28851 | 571cf9ba5efbb31900334e71 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What law did Congress pass following the Elixir Sulfanilamide incident? | What law did Congress pass following the Elixir Sulfanilamide incident? | [
"What law did Congress pass following the Elixir Sulfanilamide incident?"
] | {
"text": [
"Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28852 | 571cf9ba5efbb31900334e72 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | The name "elixir" implied a solution in what liquid? | The name "elixir" implied a solution in what liquid? | [
"The name \"elixir\" implied a solution in what liquid?"
] | {
"text": [
"ethanol"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28853 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe235 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What drug killed 1900 people in 1937? | What drug killed 1900 people in 1937? | [
"What drug killed 1900 people in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28854 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe236 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | Who manufactured "Cosmetic Elixir"? | Who manufactured "Cosmetic Elixir"? | [
"Who manufactured \"Cosmetic Elixir\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28855 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe237 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What year did Elixir pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | What year did Elixir pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | [
"What year did Elixir pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28856 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe238 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What is Elixir Glycol commonly used for now? | What is Elixir Glycol commonly used for now? | [
"What is Elixir Glycol commonly used for now?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28857 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe239 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Elixir Act did? | What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Elixir Act did? | [
"What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Elixir Act did?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28858 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | When was the first effective treatment for Tuberculosis discovered? | When was the first effective treatment for Tuberculosis discovered? | [
"When was the first effective treatment for Tuberculosis discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28859 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis? | What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis? | [
"What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Streptomycin"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28860 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | Who was Eli Lilly's work based off of? | Who was Eli Lilly's work based off of? | [
"Who was Eli Lilly's work based off of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28861 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | Where was Tetracyclines discovered? | Where was Tetracyclines discovered? | [
"Where was Tetracyclines discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lederle Laboratories"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28862 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | 50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 5 years where? | 50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 5 years where? | [
"50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 5 years where?"
] | {
"text": [
"cities in developed countries"
],
"answer_start": [
809
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28863 | 571cfac85efbb31900334e78 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What was the first treatment for tuberculosis? | What was the first treatment for tuberculosis? | [
"What was the first treatment for tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Streptomycin"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28864 | 571cfac85efbb31900334e79 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What percentage of patients infected with tuberculosis died within 5 years? | What percentage of patients infected with tuberculosis died within 5 years? | [
"What percentage of patients infected with tuberculosis died within 5 years?"
] | {
"text": [
"50%"
],
"answer_start": [
845
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28865 | 571cfac85efbb31900334e7a | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | In what year was streptomycin discovered? | In what year was streptomycin discovered? | [
"In what year was streptomycin discovered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28866 | 571cfac85efbb31900334e7b | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | Many more antibiotics were made following the end of what war? | Many more antibiotics were made following the end of what war? | [
"Many more antibiotics were made following the end of what war?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28867 | 571cfac85efbb31900334e7c | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What company funded the research that led to the discovery of streptomycin? | What company funded the research that led to the discovery of streptomycin? | [
"What company funded the research that led to the discovery of streptomycin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Merck"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28868 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe253 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered? | When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered? | [
"When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28869 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe254 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What drug effectively treated drugs? | What drug effectively treated drugs? | [
"What drug effectively treated drugs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28870 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe255 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | Who was Eli Smith's work based off of? | Who was Eli Smith's work based off of? | [
"Who was Eli Smith's work based off of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28871 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe256 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | 50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 3 years where? | 50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 3 years where? | [
"50% of tuberculosis-infected people died within 3 years where?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28872 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe257 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What was the first treatment of drugs? | What was the first treatment of drugs? | [
"What was the first treatment of drugs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28873 | 571ab7b210f8ca140030530f | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | When was the Polio vaccine created? | When was the Polio vaccine created? | [
"When was the Polio vaccine created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1954"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28874 | 571ab7b210f8ca1400305310 | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who identified the SV40 virus? | Who identified the SV40 virus? | [
"Who identified the SV40 virus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maurice Hilleman"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28875 | 571ab7b210f8ca1400305311 | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | What was a complication of the SV40 virus? | What was a complication of the SV40 virus? | [
"What was a complication of the SV40 virus?"
] | {
"text": [
"cause tumors"
],
"answer_start": [
814
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28876 | 571ab7b210f8ca1400305312 | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who funded the Polio vaccine? | Who funded the Polio vaccine? | [
"Who funded the Polio vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28877 | 571ab7b210f8ca1400305313 | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer? | Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer? | [
"Who announced that SV40 was not associated with cancer?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States Cancer Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
1142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28878 | 571cfbd6dd7acb1400e4c1dc | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | In what year was the polio vaccine created? | In what year was the polio vaccine created? | [
"In what year was the polio vaccine created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1954"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28879 | 571cfbd6dd7acb1400e4c1dd | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who created the polio vaccine? | Who created the polio vaccine? | [
"Who created the polio vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jonas Salk"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28880 | 571cfbd6dd7acb1400e4c1de | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | What virus caused tumors in most mammals? | What virus caused tumors in most mammals? | [
"What virus caused tumors in most mammals?"
] | {
"text": [
"SV40"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28881 | 571cfbd6dd7acb1400e4c1df | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who identified the SV40 virus? | Who identified the SV40 virus? | [
"Who identified the SV40 virus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maurice Hilleman"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28882 | 571cfbd6dd7acb1400e4c1e0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | SV40 was present in what vaccine? | SV40 was present in what vaccine? | [
"SV40 was present in what vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [
"polio"
],
"answer_start": [
920
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28883 | 5ad373bf604f3c001a3fe2bb | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | When was the Paralysis vaccine created? | When was the Paralysis vaccine created? | [
"When was the Paralysis vaccine created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28884 | 5ad373bf604f3c001a3fe2bc | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who identified the SV50 virus? | Who identified the SV50 virus? | [
"Who identified the SV50 virus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28885 | 5ad373bf604f3c001a3fe2bd | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | What was a complication of the SV50 virus? | What was a complication of the SV50 virus? | [
"What was a complication of the SV50 virus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28886 | 5ad373bf604f3c001a3fe2be | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who funded the Paralysis vaccine? | Who funded the Paralysis vaccine? | [
"Who funded the Paralysis vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28887 | 5ad373bf604f3c001a3fe2bf | Pharmaceutical_industry | During the years 1940-1955, the rate of decline in the U.S. death rate accelerated from 2% per year to 8% per year, then returned to the historical rate of 2% per year. The dramatic decline in the immediate post-war years has been attributed to the rapid development of new treatments and vaccines for infectious disease... | Who announced that SV50 was not associated with cancer? | Who announced that SV50 was not associated with cancer? | [
"Who announced that SV50 was not associated with cancer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28888 | 571ab82810f8ca1400305319 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | How much was the settlement GlaxoSmithKline agree to? | How much was the settlement GlaxoSmithKline agree to? | [
"How much was the settlement GlaxoSmithKline agree to?"
] | {
"text": [
"$3 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28889 | 571ab82810f8ca140030531a | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case? | What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case? | [
"What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case?"
] | {
"text": [
"illegal promotion of prescription drugs"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28890 | 571ab82810f8ca140030531b | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | When did GlaxoSmithKline plead guilty? | When did GlaxoSmithKline plead guilty? | [
"When did GlaxoSmithKline plead guilty?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 July 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28891 | 571ab82810f8ca140030531c | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What drugs were related to a kickback scheme? | What drugs were related to a kickback scheme? | [
"What drugs were related to a kickback scheme?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imitrex, Lotronex, Flovent, and Valtrex"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28892 | 571ab82810f8ca140030531d | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What drugs were used for off-label uses? | What drugs were used for off-label uses? | [
"What drugs were used for off-label uses?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paxil, Wellbutrin, Advair, Lamictal, and Zofran"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28893 | 571d40f1dd7acb1400e4c262 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | In what year did GlaxoSmithKline pay a $3 billion dollar settlement? | In what year did GlaxoSmithKline pay a $3 billion dollar settlement? | [
"In what year did GlaxoSmithKline pay a $3 billion dollar settlement?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28894 | 571d40f1dd7acb1400e4c263 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | How much was the largest healthcare fraud case in the US settled for? | How much was the largest healthcare fraud case in the US settled for? | [
"How much was the largest healthcare fraud case in the US settled for?"
] | {
"text": [
"$3 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28895 | 571d40f1dd7acb1400e4c264 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What company was sued for promoting medicines for unlicensed uses and bribing doctors? | What company was sued for promoting medicines for unlicensed uses and bribing doctors? | [
"What company was sued for promoting medicines for unlicensed uses and bribing doctors?"
] | {
"text": [
"GlaxoSmithKline"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28896 | 5ad3b134604f3c001a3fecc3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | How much was the settlement Wellbutrin agreed to? | How much was the settlement Wellbutrin agreed to? | [
"How much was the settlement Wellbutrin agreed to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28897 | 5ad3b134604f3c001a3fecc4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What was one of the causes of the Wellbutrin case? | What was one of the causes of the Wellbutrin case? | [
"What was one of the causes of the Wellbutrin case?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28898 | 5ad3b134604f3c001a3fecc5 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | When did Wellbutrin plead guilty? | When did Wellbutrin plead guilty? | [
"When did Wellbutrin plead guilty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28899 | 5ad3b134604f3c001a3fecc6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What drugs were related to Advair's scheme? | What drugs were related to Advair's scheme? | [
"What drugs were related to Advair's scheme?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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