gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-28900 | 5ad3b134604f3c001a3fecc7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What drugs were used for label uses? | What drugs were used for label uses? | [
"What drugs were used for label uses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28901 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac20 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is the speculation of the relationship between doctors and the drug industry? | What is the speculation of the relationship between doctors and the drug industry? | [
"What is the speculation of the relationship between doctors and the drug industry?"
] | {
"text": [
"become fully transparent."
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28902 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac21 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is the Physician Financial Transparency Report part of? | What is the Physician Financial Transparency Report part of? | [
"What is the Physician Financial Transparency Report part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunshine Act"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28903 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac22 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | Where can you obtain information about the Sunshine Act? | Where can you obtain information about the Sunshine Act? | [
"Where can you obtain information about the Sunshine Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28904 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac23 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What information is collected by Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services? | What information is collected by Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services? | [
"What information is collected by Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services?"
] | {
"text": [
"financial relationships with physicians and hospitals."
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28905 | 571ab9fd4faf5e1900b8ac24 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information? | When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information? | [
"When did Centers for Medicine & Medicaid Services have to start collecting information?"
] | {
"text": [
"starting in 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28906 | 571d40405efbb31900334ef6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | The Physician Financial Transparency Reports was part of what other act? | The Physician Financial Transparency Reports was part of what other act? | [
"The Physician Financial Transparency Reports was part of what other act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunshine Act"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28907 | 571d40405efbb31900334ef7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | In what year were Medicaid and Medicare required to disclose information about their relationships with doctors and hospitals? | In what year were Medicaid and Medicare required to disclose information about their relationships with doctors and hospitals? | [
"In what year were Medicaid and Medicare required to disclose information about their relationships with doctors and hospitals?"
] | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28908 | 571d40405efbb31900334ef8 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | Where can financial relationships between Medicaid, Medicare and pharmaceutical companies be found? | Where can financial relationships between Medicaid, Medicare and pharmaceutical companies be found? | [
"Where can financial relationships between Medicaid, Medicare and pharmaceutical companies be found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services website"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28909 | 571d40405efbb31900334ef9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is expected when the relationships are made public? | What is expected when the relationships are made public? | [
"What is expected when the relationships are made public?"
] | {
"text": [
"relationship between doctors and Pharmaceutical industry will become fully transparent"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28910 | 5ad3ab63604f3c001a3feb7f | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What is the speculation of the relationship between organizations and the drug industry? | What is the speculation of the relationship between organizations and the drug industry? | [
"What is the speculation of the relationship between organizations and the drug industry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28911 | 5ad3ab63604f3c001a3feb80 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What are doctors part of? | What are doctors part of? | [
"What are doctors part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28912 | 5ad3ab63604f3c001a3feb81 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | Where can you obtain information about organizations? | Where can you obtain information about organizations? | [
"Where can you obtain information about organizations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28913 | 5ad3ab63604f3c001a3feb82 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | What information is collected by doctors? | What information is collected by doctors? | [
"What information is collected by doctors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28914 | 5ad3ab63604f3c001a3feb83 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the US, starting in 2013, under the Physician Financial Transparency Reports (part of the Sunshine Act), the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has to collect information from applicable manufacturers and group purchasing organizations in order to report information about their financial relationships with phy... | When did doctors have to start collecting information? | When did doctors have to start collecting information? | [
"When did doctors have to start collecting information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28915 | 571abee110f8ca1400305337 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What disease had the biggest decline of deaths? | What disease had the biggest decline of deaths? | [
"What disease had the biggest decline of deaths?"
] | {
"text": [
"tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28916 | 571abee110f8ca1400305338 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? | What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? | [
"What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"1946-1955"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28917 | 571abee110f8ca1400305339 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | Who issued the report in 1958? | Who issued the report in 1958? | [
"Who issued the report in 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"Federal Trade Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28918 | 571abee110f8ca140030533a | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What were eight diseases examined for? | What were eight diseases examined for? | [
"What were eight diseases examined for?"
] | {
"text": [
"mortality rates"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28919 | 571abee110f8ca140030533b | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases? | What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases? | [
"What was responsible for the decline in spreading diseases?"
] | {
"text": [
"use of antibiotics, early diagnosis, and other factors"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28920 | 571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e6 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955? | How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955? | [
"How much did the mortality rate of common bacterial infections decline between 1946-1955?"
] | {
"text": [
"56%"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28921 | 571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955? | How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955? | [
"How much did the mortality rate of tuberculosis drop between 1946-1955?"
] | {
"text": [
"75%"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28922 | 571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e8 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments? | Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments? | [
"Who issued a report describing the effects of antibiotic developments?"
] | {
"text": [
"Federal Trade Commission"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28923 | 571cfd66dd7acb1400e4c1e9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | In what year was the FTC's report issued? | In what year was the FTC's report issued? | [
"In what year was the FTC's report issued?"
] | {
"text": [
"1958"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28924 | 5ad3726a604f3c001a3fe2a9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What disease had the biggest decline of diagnosis? | What disease had the biggest decline of diagnosis? | [
"What disease had the biggest decline of diagnosis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28925 | 5ad3726a604f3c001a3fe2aa | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What period did the report issued in 1964 cover? | What period did the report issued in 1964 cover? | [
"What period did the report issued in 1964 cover? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28926 | 5ad3726a604f3c001a3fe2ab | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | Who issued the report in 1964? | Who issued the report in 1964? | [
"Who issued the report in 1964?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28927 | 5ad3726a604f3c001a3fe2ac | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What were nine diseases examined for? | What were nine diseases examined for? | [
"What were nine diseases examined for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28928 | 5ad3726a604f3c001a3fe2ad | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What was responsible for the decline in spreading commissions? | What was responsible for the decline in spreading commissions? | [
"What was responsible for the decline in spreading commissions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28929 | 571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac48 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost? | How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost? | [
"How much did treatment for each patient in Africa cost?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,000 and 15,000 USD per patient per year"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28930 | 571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac49 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | Who brought litigation to South Africa? | Who brought litigation to South Africa? | [
"Who brought litigation to South Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28931 | 571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac4a | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How many signatures were collected by MSF? | How many signatures were collected by MSF? | [
"How many signatures were collected by MSF?"
] | {
"text": [
"250,000 signatures"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28932 | 571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac4b | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | When was litigation brought to South Africa? | When was litigation brought to South Africa? | [
"When was litigation brought to South Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28933 | 571ac0904faf5e1900b8ac4c | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped? | Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped? | [
"Who backed the South African government which caused the case to be dropped?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Netherlands, Germany, France, and later the US"
],
"answer_start": [
876
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28934 | 571d3f925efbb31900334eee | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act? | How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act? | [
"How many companies sued South Africa for its Medicines Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"40"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28935 | 571d3f925efbb31900334eef | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs? | South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs? | [
"South Africa's Medicines Act allowed for the generic production of what kind of drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"antiretroviral"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28936 | 571d3f925efbb31900334ef0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly? | How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly? | [
"How much did ARV drugs cost patients yearly?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 10,000 and 15,000 USD"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28937 | 571d3f925efbb31900334ef1 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights? | How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights? | [
"How many signatures were collected supporting public health rights?"
] | {
"text": [
"250,000"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28938 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed37 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How much did treatment for each patient in ARV cost? | How much did treatment for each patient in ARV cost? | [
"How much did treatment for each patient in ARV cost?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28939 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed38 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | Who brought litigation to the ARV? | Who brought litigation to the ARV? | [
"Who brought litigation to the ARV?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28940 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed39 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | How many signatures were collected by ARV? | How many signatures were collected by ARV? | [
"How many signatures were collected by ARV?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28941 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed3a | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | When was litigation brought to ARV? | When was litigation brought to ARV? | [
"When was litigation brought to ARV?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28942 | 5ad3b2fa604f3c001a3fed3b | Pharmaceutical_industry | In March 2001, 40 multi-national pharmaceutical companies brought litigation against South Africa for its Medicines Act, which allowed the generic production of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) for treating HIV, despite the fact that these drugs were on-patent. HIV was and is an epidemic in South Africa, and ARVs at the tim... | Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped? | Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped? | [
"Who backed the ARV government which caused the case to be dropped?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28943 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afb | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What Act forbade misbranded drugs? | What Act forbade misbranded drugs? | [
"What Act forbade misbranded drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pure Food and Drugs Act"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28944 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afc | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What caused a Tetanus outbreak? | What caused a Tetanus outbreak? | [
"What caused a Tetanus outbreak?"
] | {
"text": [
"contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28945 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afd | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What act allowed premarket approval for drugs? | What act allowed premarket approval for drugs? | [
"What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Biologics Control Act of 1902"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28946 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afe | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented? | When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented? | [
"When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?"
] | {
"text": [
"1906"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28947 | 571ac3f89499d21900609aff | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers? | Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers? | [
"Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Supreme Court"
],
"answer_start": [
1118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28948 | 571cfecadd7acb1400e4c1ee | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs? | What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs? | [
"What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Biologics Control Act of 1902"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28949 | 571cfecadd7acb1400e4c1ef | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs? | What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs? | [
"What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs? "
] | {
"text": [
"Pure Food and Drugs Act"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28950 | 571cfecadd7acb1400e4c1f0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed? | In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed? | [
"In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1906"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28951 | 5ad36e63604f3c001a3fe207 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What Act forbade misbranded laws? | What Act forbade misbranded laws? | [
"What Act forbade misbranded laws?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28952 | 5ad36e63604f3c001a3fe208 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What caused a law outbreak? | What caused a law outbreak? | [
"What caused a law outbreak?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28953 | 5ad36e63604f3c001a3fe209 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What act allowed premarket approval for laws? | What act allowed premarket approval for laws? | [
"What act allowed premarket approval for laws?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28954 | 5ad36e63604f3c001a3fe20a | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | When did the Pure Food And Laws Act get implemented? | When did the Pure Food And Laws Act get implemented? | [
"When did the Pure Food And Laws Act get implemented?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28955 | 5ad36e63604f3c001a3fe20b | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | Who restricted the federal drug powers? | Who restricted the federal drug powers? | [
"Who restricted the federal drug powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28956 | 571ac6bc9499d21900609b0d | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | Who adopted the Doha Declaration? | Who adopted the Doha Declaration? | [
"Who adopted the Doha Declaration?"
] | {
"text": [
"World Trade Organization"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28957 | 571ac6bc9499d21900609b0e | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What did the TRIPS agreement accomplish? | What did the TRIPS agreement accomplish? | [
"What did the TRIPS agreement accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [
"countries must allow pharmaceutical products to be patented"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28958 | 571ac6bc9499d21900609b0f | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | Why are patents criticized? | Why are patents criticized? | [
"Why are patents criticized?"
] | {
"text": [
"thought to reduce access to existing medicines"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28959 | 571ac6bc9499d21900609b10 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What did the Doha Declaration do? | What did the Doha Declaration do? | [
"What did the Doha Declaration do?"
] | {
"text": [
"indicates that the TRIPS agreement should be read with the goals of public health in mind, and allows some methods for circumventing pharmaceutical monopolies"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28960 | 571ac6bc9499d21900609b11 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | When was the Doha Declaration adopted? | When was the Doha Declaration adopted? | [
"When was the Doha Declaration adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28961 | 571d3ef05efbb31900334ee8 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What has been accused of reducing access to medicines in developing countries? | What has been accused of reducing access to medicines in developing countries? | [
"What has been accused of reducing access to medicines in developing countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Patents"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28962 | 571d3ef05efbb31900334ee9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration? | When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration? | [
"When did the World Trade Organization adopt the Doha Declaration?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28963 | 571d3ef05efbb31900334eea | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed? | The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed? | [
"The Doha Declaration allows for what ways for monopolies to be bypassed?"
] | {
"text": [
"compulsory licensing or parallel imports"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28964 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecfb | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | Who adopted the TRIPS Declaration? | Who adopted the TRIPS Declaration? | [
"Who adopted the TRIPS Declaration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28965 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecfc | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What did the WTO agreement accomplish? | What did the WTO agreement accomplish? | [
"What did the WTO agreement accomplish?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28966 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecfd | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | Why is the WTO criticized? | Why is the WTO criticized? | [
"Why is the WTO criticized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28967 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecfe | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | What did the WTO Declaration do? | What did the WTO Declaration do? | [
"What did the WTO Declaration do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28968 | 5ad3b24c604f3c001a3fecff | Pharmaceutical_industry | Patents have been criticized in the developing world, as they are thought to reduce access to existing medicines. Reconciling patents and universal access to medicine would require an efficient international policy of price discrimination. Moreover, under the TRIPS agreement of the World Trade Organization, countries m... | When was the TRIPS Declaration adopted? | When was the TRIPS Declaration adopted? | [
"When was the TRIPS Declaration adopted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28969 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f00 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | How much money was recovered through the False Claims? | How much money was recovered through the False Claims? | [
"How much money was recovered through the False Claims?"
] | {
"text": [
"$2.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28970 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f01 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system? | What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system? | [
"What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs."
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28971 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f02 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What is pharmaceutical fraud? | What is pharmaceutical fraud? | [
"What is pharmaceutical fraud?"
] | {
"text": [
"deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28972 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f03 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | Who had the biggest fraud case settlement? | Who had the biggest fraud case settlement? | [
"Who had the biggest fraud case settlement?"
] | {
"text": [
"GlaxoSmithKline"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28973 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f04 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What provision rewards "whistle-blowers"? | What provision rewards "whistle-blowers"? | [
"What provision rewards \"whistle-blowers\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"qui tam"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28974 | 571d3dd45efbb31900334ee0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What kind of fraud financially benefits a drug company? | What kind of fraud financially benefits a drug company? | [
"What kind of fraud financially benefits a drug company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pharmaceutical fraud"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28975 | 571d3dd45efbb31900334ee1 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | Who is affected by pharmaceutical fraud? | Who is affected by pharmaceutical fraud? | [
"Who is affected by pharmaceutical fraud?"
] | {
"text": [
"individuals and public and private insurers"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28976 | 571d3dd45efbb31900334ee2 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | How much money lost to pharmaceutical fraud was recovered in 2010? | How much money lost to pharmaceutical fraud was recovered in 2010? | [
"How much money lost to pharmaceutical fraud was recovered in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"$2.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28977 | 571d3dd45efbb31900334ee3 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | Which act allows whistleblowers to recover money lost from pharmaceutical fraud? | Which act allows whistleblowers to recover money lost from pharmaceutical fraud? | [
"Which act allows whistleblowers to recover money lost from pharmaceutical fraud?"
] | {
"text": [
"False Claims Act"
],
"answer_start": [
733
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28978 | 5ad3aefb604f3c001a3fec5b | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | How much money was recovered through CME Fraud? | How much money was recovered through CME Fraud? | [
"How much money was recovered through CME Fraud?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28979 | 5ad3aefb604f3c001a3fec5c | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What are some of the schemes used to defraud companies? | What are some of the schemes used to defraud companies? | [
"What are some of the schemes used to defraud companies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28980 | 5ad3aefb604f3c001a3fec5d | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What is relator fraud? | What is relator fraud? | [
"What is relator fraud?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28981 | 5ad3aefb604f3c001a3fec5e | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | Who had the biggest relator case settlement? | Who had the biggest relator case settlement? | [
"Who had the biggest relator case settlement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28982 | 571aca5732177014007e9f0a | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What do ACE inhibitors do? | What do ACE inhibitors do? | [
"What do ACE inhibitors do?"
] | {
"text": [
"reduce the risk of new onset kidney disease [RR 0.71] and death [RR 0.84] in diabetic patients"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28983 | 571aca5732177014007e9f0b | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure? | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure? | [
"What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with high blood pressure?"
] | {
"text": [
"thiazide antihypertensive drugs"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28984 | 571aca5732177014007e9f0c | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs? | Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs? | [
"Who conducted the review on Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cochrane"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28985 | 571aca5732177014007e9f0d | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with? | What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with? | [
"What were Thiazide Antihypertensive drugs used with?"
] | {
"text": [
"combination therapy"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28986 | 571aca5732177014007e9f0e | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | In what year did Cochrane release the report? | In what year did Cochrane release the report? | [
"In what year did Cochrane release the report?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28987 | 571d0b195efbb31900334e82 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death? | What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death? | [
"What reduces the risk of new onset kidney diseases and death?"
] | {
"text": [
"ACE inhibitors"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28988 | 571d0b195efbb31900334e83 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure? | What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure? | [
"What type of drugs reduced the risk of strokes and heart disease for people with high blood pressure?"
] | {
"text": [
"thiazide antihypertensive drugs"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28989 | 571d0b195efbb31900334e84 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems? | In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems? | [
"In what year was thiazide antihypertensive drugs shown to help those with heart problems?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28990 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe33f | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What do RRE inhibitors do? | What do RRE inhibitors do? | [
"What do RRE inhibitors do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28991 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe340 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE? | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE? | [
"What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28992 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe341 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | Who conducted the review on RRE drugs? | Who conducted the review on RRE drugs? | [
"Who conducted the review on RRE drugs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28993 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe342 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What were RRE drugs used with? | What were RRE drugs used with? | [
"What were RRE drugs used with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28994 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe343 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | In what year did ACE release the report? | In what year did ACE release the report? | [
"In what year did ACE release the report?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28995 | 571acf6232177014007e9f1c | Pharmaceutical_industry | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | Who put out a report in 2012? | Who put out a report in 2012? | [
"Who put out a report in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28996 | 571acf6232177014007e9f1d | Pharmaceutical_industry | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | What has been argued restricted innovation? | What has been argued restricted innovation? | [
"What has been argued restricted innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"excessive regulation"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28997 | 571acf6232177014007e9f1e | Pharmaceutical_industry | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | What was a recommendations brought about from the report? | What was a recommendations brought about from the report? | [
"What was a recommendations brought about from the report?"
] | {
"text": [
"expanding the FDA's use of accelerated approval processes"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28998 | 571acf6232177014007e9f1f | Pharmaceutical_industry | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | What is one thing excessive regulations causes? | What is one thing excessive regulations causes? | [
"What is one thing excessive regulations causes?"
] | {
"text": [
"therapeutic innovation"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28999 | 571acf6232177014007e9f20 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Others have argued that excessive regulation suppresses therapeutic innovation, and that the current cost of regulator-required clinical trials prevents the full exploitation of new genetic and biological knowledge for the treatment of human disease. A 2012 report by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and T... | What can be used to evaluate new approval processes? | What can be used to evaluate new approval processes? | [
"What can be used to evaluate new approval processes?"
] | {
"text": [
"pilot projects"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
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