gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-35300 | 5ad0c9d5645df0001a2d035e | Gothic_architecture | From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of th... | What other country aside from England showed identical architectural style frequently observed everywhere else? | What other country aside from England showed identical architectural style frequently observed everywhere else? | [
"What other country aside from England showed identical architectural style frequently observed everywhere else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35301 | 57269f5add62a815002e8b44 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries used what building material in place of local stone? | Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries used what building material in place of local stone? | [
"Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries used what building material in place of local stone?"
] | {
"text": [
"brick"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35302 | 57269f5add62a815002e8b45 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick? | What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick? | [
"What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of brick?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brick Gothic, is called \"Backsteingotik\""
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35303 | 57269f5add62a815002e8b46 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | What building style was the Hanseatic League connected with in Germany and Scandinavia? | What building style was the Hanseatic League connected with in Germany and Scandinavia? | [
"What building style was the Hanseatic League connected with in Germany and Scandinavia?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Backsteingotik\""
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35304 | 57269f5add62a815002e8b47 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | Why were many buildings covered with marble? | Why were many buildings covered with marble? | [
"Why were many buildings covered with marble?"
] | {
"text": [
"Because of the extensive and varied deposits of marble"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35305 | 57269f5add62a815002e8b48 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time? | With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time? | [
"With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to completed at a later time?"
] | {
"text": [
"undecorated façade"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35306 | 5ad0ca55645df0001a2d036e | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of one brick? | What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of one brick? | [
"What was the name of the building style that resulted from the use of one brick?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35307 | 5ad0ca55645df0001a2d036f | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | What building style was the Hanseatic League disconnected with in Germany and Scandinavia? | What building style was the Hanseatic League disconnected with in Germany and Scandinavia? | [
"What building style was the Hanseatic League disconnected with in Germany and Scandinavia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35308 | 5ad0ca55645df0001a2d0370 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | Why were many buildings covered with marbles? | Why were many buildings covered with marbles? | [
"Why were many buildings covered with marbles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35309 | 5ad0ca55645df0001a2d0371 | Gothic_architecture | In Northern Germany, Netherlands, northern Poland, Denmark, and the Baltic countries local building stone was unavailable but there was a strong tradition of building in brick. The resultant style, Brick Gothic, is called "Backsteingotik" in Germany and Scandinavia and is associated with the Hanseatic League. In Italy,... | With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to never be completed at a later time? | With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to never be completed at a later time? | [
"With what type of facade were buildings left with if they were to never be completed at a later time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35310 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b6e | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is Romanesque architecture known as in England? | What is Romanesque architecture known as in England? | [
"What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"Norman architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35311 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b6f | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe? | By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe? | [
"By the beginning of what century was the Romanesque style established all over Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 12th century"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35312 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b70 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire the basic architectural forms throughout which period? | The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire the basic architectural forms throughout which period? | [
"The Romanesque style continued to affect and inspire the basic architectural forms throughout which period?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Medieval period"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35313 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b71 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period? | What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period? | [
"What is one important category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?"
] | {
"text": [
"the cathedral church"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35314 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b72 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period? | What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period? | [
"What is another category of building that was established during the Romanesque period?"
] | {
"text": [
"the palace"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35315 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0396 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England? | What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England? | [
"What is Romanesque architecture no longer known as in England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35316 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0397 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What century was the Romanesque style forgotten all over Europe? | What century was the Romanesque style forgotten all over Europe? | [
"What century was the Romanesque style forgotten all over Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35317 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0398 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is one useless category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period? | What is one useless category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period? | [
"What is one useless category of building that was recognized during the Romanesque period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35318 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0399 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period? | What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period? | [
"What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35319 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8ba8 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What was the most important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? | What was the most important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? | [
"What was the most important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? "
] | {
"text": [
"the pointed arch"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35320 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8ba9 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | [
"What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"the flying buttresses"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35321 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8baa | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation? | [
"What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be incorporated because of technological innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"traceried windows"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35322 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8bab | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is the name of the cathedral in Northern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | What is the name of the cathedral in Northern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | [
"What is the name of the cathedral in Northern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Durham Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
900
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35323 | 5726a317dd62a815002e8bac | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | [
"What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cathedral of Cefalù"
],
"answer_start": [
965
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35324 | 5ad0cd2a645df0001a2d03c4 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What was the least important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? | What was the least important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque? | [
"What was the least important single design aspect that separated the Gothic style from the Romanesque?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35325 | 5ad0cd2a645df0001a2d03c5 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be ignored because of technological innovation? | What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be ignored because of technological innovation? | [
"What is one example of a Gothic style element that was able to be ignored because of technological innovation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35326 | 5ad0cd2a645df0001a2d03c6 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is the name of the cathedral in Southern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | What is the name of the cathedral in Southern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch? | [
"What is the name of the cathedral in Southern England that first displayed the use of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35327 | 5ad0cd2a645df0001a2d03c7 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the twisted arch? | What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the twisted arch? | [
"What is the name of the cathedral in Sicily that first displayed the use of the twisted arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35328 | 5ad0cd2a645df0001a2d03c8 | Gothic_architecture | It was principally the widespread introduction of a single feature, the pointed arch, which was to bring about the change that separates Gothic from Romanesque. The technological change permitted a stylistic change which broke the tradition of massive masonry and solid walls penetrated by small openings, replacing it w... | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be forgotten because of technological innovation? | What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be forgotten because of technological innovation? | [
"What is another example of a Gothic style element that was able to be forgotten because of technological innovation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35329 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c2 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What is one defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style? | What is one defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style? | [
"What is one defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style?"
] | {
"text": [
"The pointed arch"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35330 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c3 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century? | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century? | [
"Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the seventh century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35331 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c4 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What other type of architecture also made use of the pointed arch? | What other type of architecture also made use of the pointed arch? | [
"What other type of architecture also made use of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sassanian architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35332 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c5 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | The Roman Karamagara Bridge is an example of what type of structure? | The Roman Karamagara Bridge is an example of what type of structure? | [
"The Roman Karamagara Bridge is an example of what type of structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"secular structures"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35333 | 5726a450f1498d1400e8e5c6 | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | Parabolic and pointed arches were used in what type of constrcution? | Parabolic and pointed arches were used in what type of constrcution? | [
"Parabolic and pointed arches were used in what type of constrcution?"
] | {
"text": [
"palace and sacred construction"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35334 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043c | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What is the only defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style? | What is the only defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style? | [
"What is the only defining characteristic of the Gothic architectural style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35335 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043d | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the fifth century? | Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the fifth century? | [
"Which type of architecture first used the pointed arch during the fifth century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35336 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043e | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What other type of architecture also made use of the curved arch? | What other type of architecture also made use of the curved arch? | [
"What other type of architecture also made use of the curved arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35337 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043f | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What type of construction involved many twisted arches? | What type of construction involved many twisted arches? | [
"What type of construction involved many twisted arches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35338 | 5726a63c5951b619008f790d | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What could have affected Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | What could have affected Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | [
"What could have affected Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural contacts with the Muslim world"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35339 | 5726a63c5951b619008f790e | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What event in the year 1090 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | What event in the year 1090 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | [
"What event in the year 1090 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35340 | 5726a63c5951b619008f790f | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | In which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Romanesque and Islamic styles occur? | In which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Romanesque and Islamic styles occur? | [
"In which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Romanesque and Islamic styles occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"those parts of the Western Mediterranean subject to Islamic control"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35341 | 5726a63c5951b619008f7910 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What is one cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | What is one cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | [
"What is one cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cefalù Cathedrals"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35342 | 5726a63c5951b619008f7911 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What is another example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | What is another example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | [
"What is another example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Teruel Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35343 | 5ad0d460645df0001a2d05f0 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What could have eliminated Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | What could have eliminated Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | [
"What could have eliminated Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35344 | 5ad0d460645df0001a2d05f1 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What event in the year 1290 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | What event in the year 1290 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch? | [
"What event in the year 1290 could have had an effect on Medieval Europe's embracing of the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35345 | 5ad0d460645df0001a2d05f2 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | Which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Asian and Islamic styles occur? | Which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Asian and Islamic styles occur? | [
"Which parts of the Western Mediterranean did the blending of Asian and Islamic styles occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35346 | 5ad0d460645df0001a2d05f3 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What is the only cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | What is the only cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen? | [
"What is the only cathedral in which the mixing of Romanesque, Gothic and Islamic styles can be seen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35347 | 5ad0d460645df0001a2d05f4 | Gothic_architecture | Increasing military and cultural contacts with the Muslim world, including the Norman conquest of Islamic Sicily in 1090, the Crusades, beginning 1096, and the Islamic presence in Spain, may have influenced Medieval Europe's adoption of the pointed arch, although this hypothesis remains controversial. Certainly, in tho... | What is the worst example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, French and Islamic styles can be seen? | What is the worst example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, French and Islamic styles can be seen? | [
"What is the worst example of a cathedral in which the blending of Romanesque, French and Islamic styles can be seen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35348 | 5726a78bf1498d1400e8e640 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style? | The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style? | [
"The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romanesque"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35349 | 5726a78bf1498d1400e8e641 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture? | Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture? | [
"Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romanesque architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35350 | 5726a78bf1498d1400e8e642 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? | What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? | [
"What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?"
] | {
"text": [
"ribbed vaults"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35351 | 5726a78bf1498d1400e8e643 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | When was Durham Cathedral constructed? | When was Durham Cathedral constructed? | [
"When was Durham Cathedral constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"from 1128 to 1133"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35352 | 5726a78bf1498d1400e8e644 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults? | What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults? | [
"What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults? "
] | {
"text": [
"Durham Cathedral in England"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35353 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0624 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | What style helped to destroy Gothic architecture? | What style helped to destroy Gothic architecture? | [
"What style helped to destroy Gothic architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35354 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0625 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | What type of vaults were lost in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? | What type of vaults were lost in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? | [
"What type of vaults were lost in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35355 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0626 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? | When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? | [
"When was Durham Cathedral abandoned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35356 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0627 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | What cathedral last made use of pointed arches in low vaults? | What cathedral last made use of pointed arches in low vaults? | [
"What cathedral last made use of pointed arches in low vaults?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35357 | 5726a86a708984140094cd1b | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | What is considered the first truly Gothic building? | What is considered the first truly Gothic building? | [
"What is considered the first truly Gothic building?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Basilica of Saint Denis"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35358 | 5726a86a708984140094cd1c | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1150 to 1231? | Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1150 to 1231? | [
"Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1150 to 1231?"
] | {
"text": [
"Noyon Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35359 | 5726a86a708984140094cd1f | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style? | What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style? | [
"What is one of the features that have come to be considered as an important part of the Gothic style?"
] | {
"text": [
"ribbed vaulting"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35360 | 5ad0d57b645df0001a2d063a | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | What is considered the last true Gothic building? | What is considered the last true Gothic building? | [
"What is considered the last true Gothic building?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35361 | 5ad0d57b645df0001a2d063b | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1140 to 1241? | Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1140 to 1241? | [
"Which cathedral was first to be rebuilt in the new style from 1140 to 1241?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35362 | 5ad0d57b645df0001a2d063c | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | What is one of the features that is no longer an important part of the Gothic style? | What is one of the features that is no longer an important part of the Gothic style? | [
"What is one of the features that is no longer an important part of the Gothic style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35363 | 5ad0d57b645df0001a2d063d | Gothic_architecture | The Basilica of Saint Denis is generally cited as the first truly Gothic building, however the distinction is best reserved for the choir, of which the ambulatory remains intact. Noyon Cathedral, also in France, saw the earliest completion of a rebuilding of an entire cathedral in the new style from 1150 to 1231. While... | When was the Noyon Cathedral abandoned? | When was the Noyon Cathedral abandoned? | [
"When was the Noyon Cathedral abandoned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35364 | 5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c5c | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | [
"What is one cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abbey Saint-Denis"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35365 | 5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c5d | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun? | When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun? | [
"When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England begun?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 1175"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35366 | 5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c5e | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230? | Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230? | [
"Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1230?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adam Locke"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35367 | 5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c5f | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral? | Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral? | [
"Which Cathedral is considered the first thoroughly Gothic cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wells Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
724
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35368 | 5726a9f5dd62a815002e8c60 | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | [
"What is another cathedral in which simple cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?"
] | {
"text": [
"Notre Dame de Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35369 | 5ad0d742645df0001a2d0668 | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | What is one cathedral in which complex cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | What is one cathedral in which complex cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features? | [
"What is one cathedral in which complex cylindrical columns stand out more than the Gothic features?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35370 | 5ad0d742645df0001a2d0669 | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England halted? | When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England halted? | [
"When was the construction of Wells Cathedral in England halted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35371 | 5ad0d742645df0001a2d066a | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1130? | Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1130? | [
"Who completed the transepts and nave on Wells Cathedral in about 1130?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35372 | 5ad0d742645df0001a2d066b | Gothic_architecture | At the Abbey Saint-Denis, Noyon Cathedral, Notre Dame de Paris and at the eastern end of Canterbury Cathedral in England, simple cylindrical columns predominate over the Gothic forms of clustered columns and shafted piers. Wells Cathedral in England, commenced at the eastern end in 1175, was the first building in which... | Which Cathedral is considered the only thoroughly Gothic cathedral? | Which Cathedral is considered the only thoroughly Gothic cathedral? | [
"Which Cathedral is considered the only thoroughly Gothic cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35373 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6ac | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137? | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137? | [
"Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suger"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35374 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6ad | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Which portion the cathedral was the reconstruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis begun? | Which portion the cathedral was the reconstruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis begun? | [
"Which portion the cathedral was the reconstruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis begun?"
] | {
"text": [
"the West Front"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35375 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6ae | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure? | The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure? | [
"The facade of Saint Denis resembled what other well known structure?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Roman Arch of Constantine"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35376 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6af | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine? | Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine? | [
"Why were three large portal used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?"
] | {
"text": [
"to ease the problem of congestion"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35377 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6b0 | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch? | The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch? | [
"The facade of Saint Denis combines round arches with what other style arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"pointed arches of the Gothic style"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35378 | 5ad0dc38645df0001a2d06de | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1237? | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1237? | [
"Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1237?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35379 | 5ad0dc38645df0001a2d06df | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Which portion of the cathedral was involved in the destruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis? | Which portion of the cathedral was involved in the destruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis? | [
"Which portion of the cathedral was involved in the destruction of the great Church of Saint-Denis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35380 | 5ad0dc38645df0001a2d06e0 | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | What did the facade of Saint Denis resemble as a well known creature? | What did the facade of Saint Denis resemble as a well known creature? | [
"What did the facade of Saint Denis resemble as a well known creature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35381 | 5ad0dc38645df0001a2d06e1 | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Why were nine large portals used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine? | Why were nine large portals used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine? | [
"Why were nine large portals used in the construction of the Roman Arch of Constantine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35382 | 5ad0dc38645df0001a2d06e2 | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | What does the facade of Saint Denis combine pyramids with what other style arch? | What does the facade of Saint Denis combine pyramids with what other style arch? | [
"What does the facade of Saint Denis combine pyramids with what other style arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35383 | 5726acd3708984140094cd8f | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | When was the west front of Saint Denis completed? | When was the west front of Saint Denis completed? | [
"When was the west front of Saint Denis completed?"
] | {
"text": [
"in 1140"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35384 | 5726acd3708984140094cd90 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? | What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? | [
"What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was begun after the completion of the west front? "
] | {
"text": [
"the eastern end"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35385 | 5726acd3708984140094cd91 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis? | What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis? | [
"What style of nave was left unaltered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Carolingian nave"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35386 | 5726acd3708984140094cd92 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis? | What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis? | [
"What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when reconstructing Saint Denis?"
] | {
"text": [
"clustered columns"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35387 | 5726acd3708984140094cd93 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows? | What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows? | [
"What design element allowed the use of large clerestory windows?"
] | {
"text": [
"the flying buttresses"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35388 | 5ad0dcc3645df0001a2d06f0 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | When was the south front of Saint Denis removed? | When was the south front of Saint Denis removed? | [
"When was the south front of Saint Denis removed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35389 | 5ad0dcc3645df0001a2d06f1 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when destructing Saint Denis? | What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when destructing Saint Denis? | [
"What style of columns did Abbott Suger use when destructing Saint Denis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35390 | 5ad0dcc3645df0001a2d06f2 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What style of nave was fully altered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis? | What style of nave was fully altered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis? | [
"What style of nave was fully altered during this portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35391 | 5ad0dcc3645df0001a2d06f3 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What design element allowed the use of small clerestory doors? | What design element allowed the use of small clerestory doors? | [
"What design element allowed the use of small clerestory doors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35392 | 5ad0dcc3645df0001a2d06f4 | Gothic_architecture | At the completion of the west front in 1140, Abbot Suger moved on to the reconstruction of the eastern end, leaving the Carolingian nave in use. He designed a choir that would be suffused with light. To achieve his aims, his masons drew on the several new features which evolved or had been introduced to Romanesque arch... | What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was delayed after the completion of the west front? | What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was delayed after the completion of the west front? | [
"What portion of the reconstruction of Saint Denis was delayed after the completion of the west front?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35393 | 5726adf0dd62a815002e8cc4 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style? | What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style? | [
"What type of buildings most prominently display the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?"
] | {
"text": [
"cathedrals and great churches"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35394 | 5726adf0dd62a815002e8cc5 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed? | Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed? | [
"Prior to the 20th century, a Gothic cathedral was considered to be what type of building in the town in which it was constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the landmark building"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35395 | 5726adf0dd62a815002e8cc6 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What is another name for the pointed arch? | What is another name for the pointed arch? | [
"What is another name for the pointed arch?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ogival"
],
"answer_start": [
769
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35396 | 5726adf0dd62a815002e8cc7 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction? | What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction? | [
"What is an example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ribbed vault"
],
"answer_start": [
797
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35397 | 5726adf0dd62a815002e8cc8 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction? | What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction? | [
"What is another example of architectural technology that is seen in Gothic construction?"
] | {
"text": [
"the buttress"
],
"answer_start": [
819
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35398 | 5ad0ddaa645df0001a2d0716 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What type of buildings most prominently hide the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style? | What type of buildings most prominently hide the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style? | [
"What type of buildings most prominently hide the design aspects of the Gothic architectural style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35399 | 5ad0ddaa645df0001a2d0717 | Gothic_architecture | While many secular buildings exist from the Late Middle Ages, it is in the buildings of cathedrals and great churches that Gothic architecture displays its pertinent structures and characteristics to the fullest advantage. A Gothic cathedral or abbey was, prior to the 20th century, generally the landmark building in it... | What is another name for the twisted arch? | What is another name for the twisted arch? | [
"What is another name for the twisted arch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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