gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-7200 | 5ad504d55b96ef001a10a9e5 | Red | In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states". | What lasted 93 days in 2000? | What lasted 93 days in 2000? | [
"What lasted 93 days in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7201 | 5ad504d55b96ef001a10a9e6 | Red | In the United States, political commentators often refer to the "red states", which traditionally vote for Republican candidates in presidential elections, and "blue states", which vote for the Democratic candidate. This convention is relatively recent: before the 2000 presidential election, media outlets assigned red and blue to both parties, sometimes alternating the allocation for each election. Fixed usage was established during the 39-day recount following the 2000 election, when the media began to discuss the contest in terms of "red states" versus "blue states". | What happened in 2000 causing a 93 day ordeal? | What happened in 2000 causing a 93 day ordeal? | [
"What happened in 2000 causing a 93 day ordeal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7202 | 5731639ce6313a140071cec0 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | In what year was the Community Party of China created? | In what year was the Community Party of China created? | [
"In what year was the Community Party of China created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1920"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7203 | 5731639ce6313a140071cec1 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen? | The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen? | [
"The Community Party of China gained power in China, what year did it happen?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7204 | 5731639ce6313a140071cec2 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power? | Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power? | [
"Who was the Party leader of the Communist Party of China when it took power?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mao Zedong"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7205 | 5731639ce6313a140071cec3 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | In terms of the Communist Party of China, what is "The East is Red?" | In terms of the Communist Party of China, what is "The East is Red?" | [
"In terms of the Communist Party of China, what is \"The East is Red?\""
] | {
"text": [
"the Party anthem"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7206 | 5731639ce6313a140071cec4 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | How many members does the contemporary Communist Part of China have? | How many members does the contemporary Communist Part of China have? | [
"How many members does the contemporary Communist Part of China have?"
] | {
"text": [
"eighty million members"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7207 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9b6 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | What was founded in 1902? | What was founded in 1902? | [
"What was founded in 1902?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7208 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9b7 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | What flag was adopted by China in 1920? | What flag was adopted by China in 1920? | [
"What flag was adopted by China in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7209 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9b8 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | Who took power of China in 1994? | Who took power of China in 1994? | [
"Who took power of China in 1994?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7210 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9b9 | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | What did the party anthem become under Zedong Mao? | What did the party anthem become under Zedong Mao? | [
"What did the party anthem become under Zedong Mao?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7211 | 5ad5046f5b96ef001a10a9ba | Red | The Communist Party of China, founded in 1920, adopted the red flag and hammer and sickle emblem of the Soviet Union, which became the national symbols when the Party took power in China in 1949. Under Party leader Mao Zedong, the Party anthem became "The East Is Red", and Mao Zedong himself was sometimes referred to as a "red sun". During the Cultural Revolution in China, Party ideology was enforced by the Red Guards, and the sayings of Mao Zedong were published as a small red book in hundreds of millions of copies. Today the Communist Party of China claims to be the largest political party in the world, with eighty million members. | What has eighty members? | What has eighty members? | [
"What has eighty members?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7212 | 57316494e6313a140071ced0 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent? | What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent? | [
"What did the biggest star on the flag of China in 1949 represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Communist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7213 | 57316494e6313a140071ced1 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | In the mid 20th century the flag of Laos was primarily what color? | In the mid 20th century the flag of Laos was primarily what color? | [
"In the mid 20th century the flag of Laos was primarily what color?"
] | {
"text": [
"red"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7214 | 57316494e6313a140071ced2 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent? | What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent? | [
"What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"the national flower"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7215 | 57316494e6313a140071ced3 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | In what year during the 20th century did the Chinese flag become red? | In what year during the 20th century did the Chinese flag become red? | [
"In what year during the 20th century did the Chinese flag become red?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7216 | 57316494e6313a140071ced4 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | Which group gained power in China in 1949? | Which group gained power in China in 1949? | [
"Which group gained power in China in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Communist Party of China"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7217 | 5ad502c35b96ef001a10a972 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | Who took power in China in 1994? | Who took power in China in 1994? | [
"Who took power in China in 1994?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7218 | 5ad502c35b96ef001a10a973 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | What flag symbolizing China was displayed in 1949? | What flag symbolizing China was displayed in 1949? | [
"What flag symbolizing China was displayed in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7219 | 5ad502c35b96ef001a10a974 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | What happened in 1950? | What happened in 1950? | [
"What happened in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7220 | 5ad502c35b96ef001a10a975 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sickle, similar to that on the Soviet flag. In the 1950s and 1960s, other Communist regimes such as Vietnam and Laos also adopted red flags. Some Communist countries, such as Cuba, chose to keep their old flags; and other countries used red flags which had nothing to do with Communism or socialism; the red flag of Nepal, for instance, represents the national flower. | What country decided to keep their old flag in 1960? | What country decided to keep their old flag in 1960? | [
"What country decided to keep their old flag in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7221 | 57300bb704bcaa1900d7707d | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830? | Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830? | [
"Who were the British monarchs of the House of Hanover from August 1714 to June 1830?"
] | {
"text": [
"George I, George II, George III, and George IV"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7222 | 57300bb704bcaa1900d7707e | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as? | What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as? | [
"What was the 19th century revival of Georgian architecture in the United States referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Colonial Revival"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7223 | 57300bb704bcaa1900d7707f | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | Between what years was Georgian architecture in style? | Between what years was Georgian architecture in style? | [
"Between what years was Georgian architecture in style?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 1714 and 1830"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7224 | 57300bb704bcaa1900d77080 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture. | What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture. | [
"What was the name given to the 20th century Great British revival Georgian architecture."
] | {
"text": [
"Neo-Georgian"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7225 | 57300bb704bcaa1900d77081 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830? | What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830? | [
"What was the name of the house of the monarchs in power from 1714 and 1830?"
] | {
"text": [
"House of Hanover"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7226 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc959 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What type of architecture was current before 1714? | What type of architecture was current before 1714? | [
"What type of architecture was current before 1714?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7227 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc95a | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States? | What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States? | [
"What was the name of the 20th centry revival in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7228 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc95b | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian? | What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian? | [
"What was the name of the 19th century revival in Great Britian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7229 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc95c | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to June 1830. The style was revived in the late 19th century in the United States as Colonial Revival architecture and in the early 20th century in Great Britain as Neo-Georgian architecture; in both it is also called Georgian Revival architecture. In America the term "Georgian" is generally used to describe all building from the period, regardless of style; in Britain it is generally restricted to buildings that are "architectural in intention", and have stylistic characteristics that are typical of the period, though that covers a wide range. | What is the American term Georgian restricted to? | What is the American term Georgian restricted to? | [
"What is the American term Georgian restricted to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7230 | 57300eeb04bcaa1900d770cb | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on? | What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on? | [
"What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greece and Rome"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7231 | 57300eeb04bcaa1900d770cc | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | What type of architecture did Georgian replace? | What type of architecture did Georgian replace? | [
"What type of architecture did Georgian replace?"
] | {
"text": [
"English vernacular architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7232 | 57300eeb04bcaa1900d770cd | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture? | Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture? | [
"Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"the exterior"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7233 | 5a136e9dc8eab200188dc961 | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | What does Georgian architecture have a distaste for? | What does Georgian architecture have a distaste for? | [
"What does Georgian architecture have a distaste for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7234 | 5a136e9dc8eab200188dc962 | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | Where is ornament typically found one Georgian architecture? | Where is ornament typically found one Georgian architecture? | [
"Where is ornament typically found one Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7235 | 5a136e9dc8eab200188dc963 | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | And what type of architecture is ornament normally not restrained? | And what type of architecture is ornament normally not restrained? | [
"And what type of architecture is ornament normally not restrained?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7236 | 5a136e9dc8eab200188dc964 | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. | What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to? | What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to? | [
"What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7237 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687cd | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into? | During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into? | [
"During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into?"
] | {
"text": [
"property developers"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7238 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687ce | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today? | Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today? | [
"Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today?"
] | {
"text": [
"London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7239 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687cf | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time? | What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time? | [
"What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"a square of garden"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7240 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687d0 | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture? | What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture? | [
"What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"all over the English-speaking world"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7241 | 5730106ab2c2fd14005687d1 | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | What quality were the buildings constructed during that time? | What quality were the buildings constructed during that time? | [
"What quality were the buildings constructed during that time?"
] | {
"text": [
"generally high"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7242 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc969 | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period? | Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period? | [
"Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7243 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc96a | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm? | During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm? | [
"During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7244 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc96b | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live? | Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live? | [
"Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7245 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc96c | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building | In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building | [
"In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7246 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc96d | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. | Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more? | Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more? | [
"Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7247 | 573011ac947a6a140053d036 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it? | What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it? | [
"What high sounding title was adopted by anyone who could get away with it?"
] | {
"text": [
"architect"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7248 | 573011ac947a6a140053d037 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | How did most Georgian design styles disseminate? | How did most Georgian design styles disseminate? | [
"How did most Georgian design styles disseminate?"
] | {
"text": [
"pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7249 | 573011ac947a6a140053d038 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture? | How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture? | [
"How did styles disseminate before Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"the apprenticeship system"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7250 | 573011ac947a6a140053d039 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture? | Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture? | [
"Which American author received editions of Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Halfpenny"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7251 | 573011ac947a6a140053d03a | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | What years were William Halfpenny active? | What years were William Halfpenny active? | [
"What years were William Halfpenny active?"
] | {
"text": [
"1723–1755"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7252 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc973 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | What high sounding title was reserved for professionals before the mid-century?? | What high sounding title was reserved for professionals before the mid-century?? | [
"What high sounding title was reserved for professionals before the mid-century??"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7253 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc974 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so? | After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so? | [
"After what time did anybody you could get away with using the title architect do so?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7254 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc975 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | What did landowners still design? | What did landowners still design? | [
"What did landowners still design?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7255 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc976 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | What style of architecture disseminated through the new professional architecture? | What style of architecture disseminated through the new professional architecture? | [
"What style of architecture disseminated through the new professional architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7256 | 5a1371e4c8eab200188dc977 | Georgian_architecture | The period saw the growth of a distinct and trained architectural profession; before the mid-century "the high-sounding title, 'architect' was adopted by anyone who could get away with it". But most buildings were still designed by builders and landlords together, and the wide spread of Georgian architecture, and the Georgian styles of design more generally, came from dissemination through pattern books and inexpensive suites of engravings. This contrasted with earlier styles, which were primarily disseminated among craftsmen through the direct experience of the apprenticeship system. Authors such as the prolific William Halfpenny (active 1723–1755) received editions in America as well as Britain. From the mid-18th century, Georgian styles were assimilated into an architectural vernacular that became part and parcel of the training of every architect, designer, builder, carpenter, mason and plasterer, from Edinburgh to Maryland. | From what century on the architect's and craftsmen stop learning the Georgian style? | From what century on the architect's and craftsmen stop learning the Georgian style? | [
"From what century on the architect's and craftsmen stop learning the Georgian style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7257 | 573012f504bcaa1900d7710d | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What style did Georgian succeed? | What style did Georgian succeed? | [
"What style did Georgian succeed?"
] | {
"text": [
"English Baroque"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7258 | 573012f504bcaa1900d7710e | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | Which architect was a transitional figure? | Which architect was a transitional figure? | [
"Which architect was a transitional figure?"
] | {
"text": [
"James Gibbs"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7259 | 573012f504bcaa1900d7710f | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | Which book did Colen Campbell write? | Which book did Colen Campbell write? | [
"Which book did Colen Campbell write?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vitruvius Britannicus"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7260 | 573012f504bcaa1900d77110 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period? | What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period? | [
"What became very popular with wealthy patrons during this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"The European Grand Tour"
],
"answer_start": [
866
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7261 | 573012f504bcaa1900d77111 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What Venetian spent most of his career in England? | What Venetian spent most of his career in England? | [
"What Venetian spent most of his career in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"Giacomo Leoni"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7262 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc97d | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What style succeeded Georgian? | What style succeeded Georgian? | [
"What style succeeded Georgian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7263 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc97e | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What was the name of the Venetian who is prominent in the early Georgian period? | What was the name of the Venetian who is prominent in the early Georgian period? | [
"What was the name of the Venetian who is prominent in the early Georgian period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7264 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc97f | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What common tour was not popular among wealthy patrons? | What common tour was not popular among wealthy patrons? | [
"What common tour was not popular among wealthy patrons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7265 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc980 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What book did Richard Boyle right? | What book did Richard Boyle right? | [
"What book did Richard Boyle right?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7266 | 5a1376b9c8eab200188dc981 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian succeeded the English Baroque of Sir Christopher Wren, Sir John Vanbrugh, Thomas Archer, William Talman, and Nicholas Hawksmoor; this in fact continued into at least the 1720s, overlapping with a more restrained Georgian style. The architect James Gibbs was a transitional figure, his earlier buildings are Baroque, reflecting the time he spent in Rome in the early 18th century, but he adjusted his style after 1720. Major architects to promote the change in direction from baroque were Colen Campbell, author of the influential book Vitruvius Britannicus (1715-1725); Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington and his protégé William Kent; Isaac Ware; Henry Flitcroft and the Venetian Giacomo Leoni, who spent most of his career in England. Other prominent architects of the early Georgian period include James Paine, Robert Taylor, and John Wood, the Elder. The European Grand Tour became very common for wealthy patrons in the period, and Italian influence remained dominant, though at the start of the period Hanover Square, Westminster (1713 on), developed and occupied by Whig supporters of the new dynasty, seems to have deliberately adopted German stylisic elements in their honour, especially vertical bands connecting the windows. | What country continues to have a dominant influence? | What country continues to have a dominant influence? | [
"What country continues to have a dominant influence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7267 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07a | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture? | What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture? | [
"What are the whimsical alternatives of Palladian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gothic and Chinoiserie"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7268 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07b | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style? | Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style? | [
"Gothic and Chinoiserie were the English-speaking world's equivalent of what style?"
] | {
"text": [
"European Rococo"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7269 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07c | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style? | John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style? | [
"John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of which style?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Regency style"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7270 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07d | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style? | Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style? | [
"Who were two leading exponent of the Greek Revival style?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Wilkins and Robert Smirke"
],
"answer_start": [
782
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7271 | 5730146f947a6a140053d07e | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory? | Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory? | [
"Around what year was the Greek Revival added to the repertory?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 1750"
],
"answer_start": [
705
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7272 | 5a1378cec8eab200188dc987 | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | What style was the English-speaking world's equivalent of the Georgian style? | What style was the English-speaking world's equivalent of the Georgian style? | [
"What style was the English-speaking world's equivalent of the Georgian style?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7273 | 5a1378cec8eab200188dc988 | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | Palladian architecture is a whimsical alternative to what other two styles? | Palladian architecture is a whimsical alternative to what other two styles? | [
"Palladian architecture is a whimsical alternative to what other two styles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7274 | 5a1378cec8eab200188dc989 | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | What modes were fashionable before the mid-1760s? | What modes were fashionable before the mid-1760s? | [
"What modes were fashionable before the mid-1760s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7275 | 5a1378cec8eab200188dc98a | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | What style of the early Georgian era was John Nash known for? | What style of the early Georgian era was John Nash known for? | [
"What style of the early Georgian era was John Nash known for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7276 | 5a1378cec8eab200188dc98b | Georgian_architecture | The styles that resulted fall within several categories. In the mainstream of Georgian style were both Palladian architecture— and its whimsical alternatives, Gothic and Chinoiserie, which were the English-speaking world's equivalent of European Rococo. From the mid-1760s a range of Neoclassical modes were fashionable, associated with the British architects Robert Adam, James Gibbs, Sir William Chambers, James Wyatt, George Dance the Younger, Henry Holland and Sir John Soane. John Nash was one of the most prolific architects of the late Georgian era known as The Regency style, he was responsible for designing large areas of London. Greek Revival architecture was added to the repertory, beginning around 1750, but increasing in popularity after 1800. Leading exponents were William Wilkins and Robert Smirke. | What style architecture lost popularity after 1800? | What style architecture lost popularity after 1800? | [
"What style architecture lost popularity after 1800?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7277 | 5730154204bcaa1900d7714d | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | Georgian architecture is characterized by? | Georgian architecture is characterized by? | [
"Georgian architecture is characterized by?"
] | {
"text": [
"its proportion and balance"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7278 | 5730154204bcaa1900d7714e | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning? | What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning? | [
"What was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning?"
] | {
"text": [
"Regularity of housefronts"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7279 | 5730154204bcaa1900d7714f | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from? | What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from? | [
"What decorative vocabulary did Georgian designs draw from?"
] | {
"text": [
"ancient Rome or Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
810
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7280 | 5730154204bcaa1900d77150 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture? | What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture? | [
"What was considered a deep flaw of Georgian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"lack of symmetry"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7281 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc991 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance? | What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance? | [
"What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7282 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc992 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What was an undesirable feature of Georgian town planning? | What was an undesirable feature of Georgian town planning? | [
"What was an undesirable feature of Georgian town planning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7283 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc993 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | Why were Georgian additions where earlier structures remained visible so approved of? | Why were Georgian additions where earlier structures remained visible so approved of? | [
"Why were Georgian additions where earlier structures remained visible so approved of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7284 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc994 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What type of designs laid in the classical orders after the Gothic revival? | What type of designs laid in the classical orders after the Gothic revival? | [
"What type of designs laid in the classical orders after the Gothic revival?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7285 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc995 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to classical rules: the lack of symmetry, where Georgian additions were added to earlier structures remaining visible, was deeply felt as a flaw, at least before Nash began to introduce it in a variety of styles. Regularity of housefronts along a street was a desirable feature of Georgian town planning. Until the start of the Gothic Revival in the early 19th century, Georgian designs usually lay within the Classical orders of architecture and employed a decorative vocabulary derived from ancient Rome or Greece. | What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture? | What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture? | [
"What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7286 | 57301616947a6a140053d0aa | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What revived style dominated English country house architecture? | What revived style dominated English country house architecture? | [
"What revived style dominated English country house architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palladian"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7287 | 57301616947a6a140053d0ab | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance? | What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance? | [
"What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?"
] | {
"text": [
"made wide and relatively shallow"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7288 | 57301616947a6a140053d0ac | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture? | Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture? | [
"Where was the height generally highest in Palladian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"the centre"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7289 | 57301616947a6a140053d0ad | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found? | Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found? | [
"Where were areas such as kitchens, offices, and service areas generally found?"
] | {
"text": [
"basement area"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7290 | 57301616947a6a140053d0ae | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located? | What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located? | [
"What floor were the main receptions rooms generally located?"
] | {
"text": [
"mezzanine floor"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7291 | 5a137e29c8eab200188dc99b | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What revised style dominated urban English architecture? | What revised style dominated urban English architecture? | [
"What revised style dominated urban English architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7292 | 5a137e29c8eab200188dc99c | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What was done to make houses look more impressive from close-up? | What was done to make houses look more impressive from close-up? | [
"What was done to make houses look more impressive from close-up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7293 | 5a137e29c8eab200188dc99d | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | Where was the height generally lowest in Palladian architecture? | Where was the height generally lowest in Palladian architecture? | [
"Where was the height generally lowest in Palladian architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7294 | 5a137e29c8eab200188dc99e | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What led to steps going down to a mezzanine floor in grand houses? | What led to steps going down to a mezzanine floor in grand houses? | [
"What led to steps going down to a mezzanine floor in grand houses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7295 | 5a137e29c8eab200188dc99f | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the Baroque emphasis on corner pavilions often found on the continent generally avoided. In grand houses, an entrance hall led to steps up to a piano nobile or mezzanine floor where the main reception rooms were. Typically the basement area or "rustic", with kitchens, offices and service areas, as well as male guests with muddy boots, came some way above ground, and was lit by windows that were high on the inside, but just above ground level outside. A single block was typical, with a perhaps a small court for carriages at the front marked off by railings and a gate, but rarely a stone gatehouse, or side wings around the court. | What area had high windows just below ground level? | What area had high windows just below ground level? | [
"What area had high windows just below ground level?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7296 | 573016e1a23a5019007fcd51 | Georgian_architecture | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time? | What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time? | [
"What tax was in force throughout the United Kingdom during this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"window tax"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7297 | 573016e1a23a5019007fcd52 | Georgian_architecture | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | When was the sash window developed? | When was the sash window developed? | [
"When was the sash window developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1670s"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7298 | 573016e1a23a5019007fcd53 | Georgian_architecture | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | What plans became universal inside larger houses? | What plans became universal inside larger houses? | [
"What plans became universal inside larger houses?"
] | {
"text": [
"Corridor plans"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7299 | 573016e1a23a5019007fcd54 | Georgian_architecture | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-height in the main rooms, making a small balcony desirable. Before this the internal plan and function of the rooms can generally not be deduced from the outside. To open these large windows the sash window, already developed by the 1670s, became very widespread. Corridor plans became universal inside larger houses. | What cannot be generally deduced from the outside? | What cannot be generally deduced from the outside? | [
"What cannot be generally deduced from the outside?"
] | {
"text": [
"the internal plan and function of the rooms"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
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