gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-8400 | 5a7cdd7ce8bc7e001a9e2087 | Thuringia | During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region. | Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest? | Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest? | [
"Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8401 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88f8 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply? | What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply? | [
"What is Thuringia's traditional energy supply?"
] | {
"text": [
"lignite"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8402 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88f9 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | Where does Thuringia get it's lignite? | Where does Thuringia get it's lignite? | [
"Where does Thuringia get it's lignite?"
] | {
"text": [
"mined in the bordering Leipzig region"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8403 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88fa | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out? | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out? | [
"How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?"
] | {
"text": [
"carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8404 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88fb | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources? | What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources? | [
"What are Thuringia's most important renewable energy sources?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wind power and Biomass"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8405 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88fc | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What is Hohenwarte Dam? | What is Hohenwarte Dam? | [
"What is Hohenwarte Dam?"
] | {
"text": [
"big pumped storage stations"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8406 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2095 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What is Thuringia's new energy supply? | What is Thuringia's new energy supply? | [
"What is Thuringia's new energy supply?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8407 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2096 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite? | Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite? | [
"Where does Thuringia steal it's lignite?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8408 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2097 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being? | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being? | [
"How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption forbidden as being?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8409 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2098 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources? | What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources? | [
"What are Thuringia's least important renewable energy sources?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8410 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2099 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations. The most important forms of renewable energies are Wind power and Biomass, followed by Solar energy and Hydroelectricity. Furthermore, Thuringia hosts two big pumped storage stations: the Goldisthal Pumped Storage Station and the Hohenwarte Dam. | What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become? | What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become? | [
"What is Hohenwarte Dam never able to become?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8411 | 57268d09f1498d1400e8e382 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Which hospitals are being expanded? | Which hospitals are being expanded? | [
"Which hospitals are being expanded?"
] | {
"text": [
"bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8412 | 57268d09f1498d1400e8e383 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Why are there too many hospital beds? | Why are there too many hospital beds? | [
"Why are there too many hospital beds?"
] | {
"text": [
"rationalisation processes in the German health care system"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8413 | 57268d09f1498d1400e8e384 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor? | Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor? | [
"Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor?"
] | {
"text": [
"rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing."
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8414 | 5a7ce070e8bc7e001a9e209f | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Which hospitals are being demolished? | Which hospitals are being demolished? | [
"Which hospitals are being demolished?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8415 | 5a7ce070e8bc7e001a9e20a0 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Why are there no hospital beds? | Why are there no hospital beds? | [
"Why are there no hospital beds?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8416 | 5a7ce070e8bc7e001a9e20a1 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor? | Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor? | [
"Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8417 | 5a7ce070e8bc7e001a9e20a2 | Thuringia | Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing. | What never close? | What never close? | [
"What never close?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8418 | 57268e1d5951b619008f766d | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | How long is Thuringian primary school? | How long is Thuringian primary school? | [
"How long is Thuringian primary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"four years"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8419 | 57268e1d5951b619008f766e | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | For how long have Thuringian children been using the current education system? | For how long have Thuringian children been using the current education system? | [
"For how long have Thuringian children been using the current education system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Since the 1950s"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8420 | 57268e1d5951b619008f766f | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia? | When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia? | [
"When do children graduate from primary school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"At the age of ten"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8421 | 57268e1d5951b619008f7670 | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | Who invented the early years education in Thuringia? | Who invented the early years education in Thuringia? | [
"Who invented the early years education in Thuringia? "
] | {
"text": [
"Friedrich Fröbel"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8422 | 57268e1d5951b619008f7671 | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | How many years of school do students attend after primary? | How many years of school do students attend after primary? | [
"How many years of school do students attend after primary?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight years"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8423 | 5a7ce1b8e8bc7e001a9e20a7 | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | How long is Thuringian primary school banned? | How long is Thuringian primary school banned? | [
"How long is Thuringian primary school banned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8424 | 5a7ce1b8e8bc7e001a9e20a8 | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | How long have Thuringian children been outside the current education system? | How long have Thuringian children been outside the current education system? | [
"How long have Thuringian children been outside the current education system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8425 | 5a7ce1b8e8bc7e001a9e20a9 | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | When do children quit primary school in Thuringia? | When do children quit primary school in Thuringia? | [
"When do children quit primary school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8426 | 5a7ce1b8e8bc7e001a9e20aa | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | Who destroyed the early years education in Thuringia? | Who destroyed the early years education in Thuringia? | [
"Who destroyed the early years education in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8427 | 5a7ce1b8e8bc7e001a9e20ab | Thuringia | Early-years education is quite common in Thuringia. Since the 1950s, nearly all children have been using the service, whereas early-years education is less developed in western Germany. Its inventor Friedrich Fröbel lived in Thuringia and founded the world's first Kindergartens there in the 19th century. The Thuringian primary school takes four years and most primary schools are all-day schools offering optional extracurricular activities in the afternoon. At the age of ten, pupils are separated according to aptitude and proceed to either the Gymnasium or the Regelschule. The former leads to the Abitur exam after a further eight years and prepares for higher education, while the latter has a more vocational focus and finishes with exams after five or six years, comparable to the Hauptschule and Realschule found elsewhere in Germany. | How many years of school do students miss after primary? | How many years of school do students miss after primary? | [
"How many years of school do students miss after primary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8428 | 57268eb85951b619008f7687 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | What is the biggest school in Thuringia? | What is the biggest school in Thuringia? | [
"What is the biggest school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"The University of Jena"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8429 | 57268eb85951b619008f7688 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | How many universities are there in Thuringia? | How many universities are there in Thuringia? | [
"How many universities are there in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8430 | 57268eb85951b619008f7689 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | How many students attend The University of Erfurt? | How many students attend The University of Erfurt? | [
"How many students attend The University of Erfurt?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,000"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8431 | 57268eb85951b619008f768a | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | What is Germany's leading art school in Thuringia? | What is Germany's leading art school in Thuringia? | [
"What is Germany's leading art school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Bauhaus University Weimar"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8432 | 57268eb85951b619008f768b | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded? | When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded? | [
"When was The Bauhaus University Weimar founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1860"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8433 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b1 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | What is the worst school in Thuringia? | What is the worst school in Thuringia? | [
"What is the worst school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8434 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b2 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | How many universities are missing in Thuringia? | How many universities are missing in Thuringia? | [
"How many universities are missing in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8435 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b3 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | How many students boycott The University of Erfurt? | How many students boycott The University of Erfurt? | [
"How many students boycott The University of Erfurt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8436 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b4 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia? | What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia? | [
"What is Germany's unknown art school in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8437 | 5a7ce270e8bc7e001a9e20b5 | Thuringia | The German higher education system comprises two forms of academic institutions: universities and polytechnics (Fachhochschule). The University of Jena is the biggest amongst Thuringia's four universities and offers nearly every discipline. It was founded in 1558, and today has 21,000 students. The second-largest is the Technische Universität Ilmenau with 7,000 students, founded in 1894, which offers many technical disciplines such as engineering and mathematics. The University of Erfurt, founded in 1392, has 5,000 students today and an emphasis on humanities and teacher training. The Bauhaus University Weimar with 4,000 students is Thuringia's smallest university, specialising in creative subjects such as architecture and arts. It was founded in 1860 and came to prominence as Germany's leading art school during the inter-war period, the Bauhaus. | When was The Bauhaus University Weimar remodeled? | When was The Bauhaus University Weimar remodeled? | [
"When was The Bauhaus University Weimar remodeled?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8438 | 57268f21dd62a815002e899a | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | Where is the civil service college of Thuringia? | Where is the civil service college of Thuringia? | [
"Where is the civil service college of Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gotha"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8439 | 57268f21dd62a815002e899b | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia? | How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia? | [
"How many students attend the college of music in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [
"800"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8440 | 57268f21dd62a815002e899c | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | How many schools offer polytechnics? | How many schools offer polytechnics? | [
"How many schools offer polytechnics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8441 | 5a7ce2ffe8bc7e001a9e20bb | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | Where is the civil service college of Thuringia restricted? | Where is the civil service college of Thuringia restricted? | [
"Where is the civil service college of Thuringia restricted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8442 | 5a7ce2ffe8bc7e001a9e20bc | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | How many students dislike the college of music in Thuringia? | How many students dislike the college of music in Thuringia? | [
"How many students dislike the college of music in Thuringia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8443 | 5a7ce2ffe8bc7e001a9e20bd | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | How many schools forbid polytechnics? | How many schools forbid polytechnics? | [
"How many schools forbid polytechnics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8444 | 5a7ce2ffe8bc7e001a9e20be | Thuringia | The polytechnics of Thuringia are based in Erfurt (4,500 students), Jena (5,000 students), Nordhausen (2,500 students) and Schmalkalden (3,000 students). In addition, there is a civil service college in Gotha with 500 students, the College of Music "Franz Liszt" in Weimar (800 students) as well as two private colleges, the Adam-Ries-Fachhochschule in Erfurt (500 students) and the SRH College for nursing and allied medical subjects (SRH Fachhochschule für Gesundheit Gera) in Gera (500 students). Finally, there are colleges for those studying for a technical qualification while working in a related field (Berufsakademie) at Eisenach (600 students) and Gera (700 students). | What does not allow studying for technical qualifications? | What does not allow studying for technical qualifications? | [
"What does not allow studying for technical qualifications?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8445 | 5726926edd62a815002e89f4 | Thuringia | Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena. | What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena? | What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena? | [
"What is the focus of Thuringia's research center, Jena?"
] | {
"text": [
"life sciences and optics"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8446 | 5726926edd62a815002e89f5 | Thuringia | Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena. | Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects? | Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects? | [
"Which universities are known for their historic and cultural aspects?"
] | {
"text": [
"Weimar and Gotha"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8447 | 5726926edd62a815002e89f6 | Thuringia | Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena. | How is most research in Thuringia funded? | How is most research in Thuringia funded? | [
"How is most research in Thuringia funded?"
] | {
"text": [
"publicly funded"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8448 | 5726926edd62a815002e89f7 | Thuringia | Thuringia's leading research centre is Jena, followed by Ilmenau. Both focus on technology, in particular life sciences and optics at Jena and information technology at Ilmenau. Erfurt is a centre of Germany's horticultural research, whereas Weimar and Gotha with their various archives and libraries are centres of historic and cultural research. Most of the research in Thuringia is publicly funded basic research due to the lack of large companies able to invest significant amounts in applied research, with the notable exception of the optics sector at Jena. | What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies? | What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies? | [
" What is one company that is able to get investments from large companies?"
] | {
"text": [
"the optics sector at Jena."
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8449 | 5726927a708984140094ca87 | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When was Thuringia's first railway built? | When was Thuringia's first railway built? | [
"When was Thuringia's first railway built?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1840s"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8450 | 5726927a708984140094ca88 | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? | When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? | [
"When were most of the branch lines of the railway abandoned? "
] | {
"text": [
"Between 1950 and 2000"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8451 | 5726927a708984140094ca89 | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When will the new high speed train be open? | When will the new high speed train be open? | [
"When will the new high speed train be open? "
] | {
"text": [
"In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened,"
],
"answer_start": [
879
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8452 | 5a7cde39e8bc7e001a9e208d | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When was Thuringia's worst railway built? | When was Thuringia's worst railway built? | [
"When was Thuringia's worst railway built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8453 | 5a7cde39e8bc7e001a9e208e | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted? | When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted? | [
"When were most of the branch lines of the railway adopted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8454 | 5a7cde39e8bc7e001a9e208f | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | When will the new high speed train be closed? | When will the new high speed train be closed? | [
"When will the new high speed train be closed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8455 | 5a7cde39e8bc7e001a9e2090 | Thuringia | The first railways in Thuringia had been built in the 1840s and the network of main lines was finished around 1880. By 1920, many branch lines had been built, giving Thuringia one of the densest rail networks in the world before World War II with about 2,500 km of track. Between 1950 and 2000 most of the branch lines were abandoned, reducing Thuringia's network by half compared to 1940. On the other hand, most of the main lines were refurbished after 1990, resulting in improved speed of travel. The most important railway lines at present are the Thuringian Railway, connecting Halle and Leipzig via Weimar, Erfurt, Gotha and Eisenach with Frankfurt and Kassel and the Saal Railway from Halle/Leipzig via Jena and Saalfeld to Nuremberg. The former has an hourly ICE/IC service from Dresden to Frankfurt while the latter is served hourly by ICE trains from Berlin to Munich. In 2017, a new high speed line will be opened, diverting long-distance services from these mid-19th century lines. Both ICE routes will then use the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, and the Berlin-Munich route will continue via the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway. Only the segment west of Erfurt of the Frankfurt-Dresden line will continue to be used by ICE trains after 2017, with an increased line speed of 200 km/h (currently 160 km/h). Erfurt's central station, which was completely rebuilt for this purpose in the 2000s (decade), will be the new connection between both ICE lines. The most important regional railway lines in Thuringia are the Neudietendorf–Ritschenhausen railway from Erfurt to Würzburg and Meiningen, the Weimar–Gera railway from Erfurt to Chemnitz, the Sangerhausen–Erfurt railway from Erfurt to Magdeburg, the Gotha–Leinefelde railway from Erfurt to Göttingen, the Halle–Kassel railway from Halle via Nordhausen to Kassel and the Leipzig–Hof railway from Leipzig via Altenburg to Zwickau and Hof. Most regional and local lines have hourly service, but some run only every other hour. | What is an imaginary railway? | What is an imaginary railway? | [
"What is an imaginary railway?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8456 | 57099760200fba14003681bf | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. | What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census? | What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census? | [
"What word was dropped as a racial classification in this year's census?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mulatto"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8457 | 57099760200fba14003681c0 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. | What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? | What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? | [
"What were people that had black and white ancestor classified as in this census? "
] | {
"text": [
"Negro"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8458 | 57099760200fba14003681c1 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. | How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? | How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? | [
"How were people with both black and American Indian ancestry recorded in this census? "
] | {
"text": [
"Neg"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8459 | 57099760200fba14003681c2 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. | What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black? | What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black? | [
"What is it called when a mixed race person in recorded as negro in this census, even if only a fraction of their ancestry is black?"
] | {
"text": [
"one-drop rule"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8460 | 57099760200fba14003681c3 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The biggest change in this year's census was in racial classification. Enumerators were instructed to no longer use the "Mulatto" classification. Instead, they were given special instructions for reporting the race of interracial persons. A person with both white and black ancestry (termed "blood") was to be recorded as "Negro," no matter the fraction of that lineage (the "one-drop rule"). A person of mixed black and American Indian ancestry was also to be recorded as "Neg" (for "Negro") unless he was considered to be "predominantly" American Indian and accepted as such within the community. A person with both White and American Indian ancestry was to be recorded as an Indian, unless his American Indian ancestry was small, and he was accepted as white within the community. In all situations in which a person had White and some other racial ancestry, he was to be reported as that other race. Persons who had minority interracial ancestry were to be reported as the race of their father. | Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? | Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? | [
"Which parent was the deciding factor for how interracial persons were recorded in this census? "
] | {
"text": [
"their father"
],
"answer_start": [
985
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8461 | 57099bc1ed30961900e84370 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time. | In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? | In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? | [
"In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? "
] | {
"text": [
"2000"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8462 | 57099bc1ed30961900e84371 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time. | How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000? | How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000? | [
"How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"nearly seven million"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8463 | 57099bc1ed30961900e84372 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time. | What year was the last census before the Census 2000? | What year was the last census before the Census 2000? | [
"What year was the last census before the Census 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8464 | 57099bc1ed30961900e84373 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time. | How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000? | How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000? | [
"How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"one or more"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8465 | 57099f19200fba14003681e7 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." | What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census? | What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census? | [
"What organization recommended that race and ethnicity categories be combined into one question for the 2000 US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Anthropological Association"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8466 | 57099f19200fba14003681e8 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." | In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census? | In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census? | [
"In what year are or racial categories first revised for the 2000 U.S. Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8467 | 57099f19200fba14003681e9 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." | Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census? | Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census? | [
"Prior to 1997, where were racial categories declared for the U.S. Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"OMB directive no. 15"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8468 | 57099f19200fba14003681ea | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In September 1997, during the process of revision of racial categories previously declared by OMB directive no. 15, the American Anthropological Association (AAA) recommended that OMB combine the "race" and "ethnicity" categories into one question to appear as "race/ethnicity" for the 2000 US Census. The Interagency Committee agreed, stating that "race" and "ethnicity" were not sufficiently defined and "that many respondents conceptualize 'race' and 'ethnicity' as one in the same [sic] underscor[ing] the need to consolidate these terms into one category, using a term that is more meaningful to the American people." | How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census? | How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census? | [
"How did racial categories appear in the US 2000 census?"
] | {
"text": [
"race/ethnicity"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8469 | 5709a0c3ed30961900e84392 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. | Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census? | Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census? | [
"Who defines the concept of race in the United States Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"OMB"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8470 | 5709a0c3ed30961900e84393 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. | What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race? | What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race? | [
"What do the race categories in the US Census include in addition to race?"
] | {
"text": [
"national-origin"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8471 | 5709a0c3ed30961900e84394 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The racial categories represent a social-political construct for the race or races that respondents consider themselves to be and "generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country." OMB defines the concept of race as outlined for the U.S. Census as not "scientific or anthropological" and takes into account "social and cultural characteristics as well as ancestry", using "appropriate scientific methodologies" that are not "primarily biological or genetic in reference." The race categories include both racial and national-origin groups. | In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census? | In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census? | [
"In addition to social and cultural characteristics, what else is taken into account for race classification in the US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8472 | 5709a209ed30961900e84398 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. | How many ethnic categories are there in the US census? | How many ethnic categories are there in the US census? | [
"How many ethnic categories are there in the US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8473 | 5709a209ed30961900e84399 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. | In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census? | In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census? | [
"In addition to Hispanic and Latino, what other ethnic category is included in the United States Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"Not Hispanic or Latino"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8474 | 5709a209ed30961900e8439a | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. | What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus? | What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus? | [
"What association criticized the separation of race and ethnicity in the UScensus?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Anthropological Association"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8475 | 5709a209ed30961900e8439b | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. | Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census? | Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census? | [
"Members of what commission criticized the separation of race and ethnic city on the US Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. Commission on Civil Rights"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8476 | 5709a209ed30961900e8439c | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Race and ethnicity are considered separate and distinct identities, with Hispanic or Latino origin asked as a separate question. Thus, in addition to their race or races, all respondents are categorized by membership in one of two ethnic categories, which are "Hispanic or Latino" and "Not Hispanic or Latino". However, the practice of separating "race" and "ethnicity" as different categories has been criticized both by the American Anthropological Association and members of U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. | In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino? | In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino? | [
"In ethnic classification for the U.S. Census, What option do respondents have other than not Hispanic or Latino?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hispanic or Latino"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8477 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843a8 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. | What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship? | What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship? | [
"What country did President Frankiln Roosevelt have a good neighbor policy for in hopes of a better relationship?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8478 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843a9 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. | In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race? | In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race? | [
"In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?"
] | {
"text": [
"1935"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8479 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843aa | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. | What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government? | What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government? | [
"What US President wanted to treat Hispanic people as white by the federal government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roosevelt"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8480 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843ab | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. | People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt? | People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt? | [
"People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mexican"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8481 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843ac | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decision and make sure the federal government treated Hispanics as white. The State Department, the Census Bureau, the Labor Department, and other government agencies therefore made sure to uniformly classify people of Mexican descent as white. This policy encouraged the League of United Latin American Citizens in its quest to minimize discrimination by asserting their whiteness. | In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen? | In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen? | [
"In 1935, what race was a person required to be to become a United States citizen?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8482 | 5709a704ed30961900e843c6 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. | Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data? | Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data? | [
"Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data?"
] | {
"text": [
"OMB"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8483 | 5709a704ed30961900e843c7 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. | In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications? | In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications? | [
"In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8484 | 5709a704ed30961900e843c8 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. | What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997? | What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997? | [
"What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [
"consistent data"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8485 | 5709a704ed30961900e843c9 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. | How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997? | How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997? | [
"How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [
"one or more"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8486 | 5709a704ed30961900e843ca | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. | How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997? | How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997? | [
"How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997?"
] | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
857
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8487 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368221 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto. | In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census? | In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census? | [
"In what year were free persons first listed individually in the US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"1850"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8488 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368222 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto. | How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850? | How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850? | [
"How were free persons listed in the US census prior to 1850?"
] | {
"text": [
"by head of household"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8489 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368223 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto. | In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons? | In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons? | [
"In the 1850 US census, what was put into the color column for black persons?"
] | {
"text": [
"B"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8490 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368224 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto. | If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified? | If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified? | [
"If M was marked in the color column for a person in the 1850 census, How were they classified?"
] | {
"text": [
"mulatto"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8491 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368225 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was a column that was to be left blank if a person was white, marked "B" if a person was black, and marked "M" if a person was mulatto. Slaves were listed by owner, and classified by gender and age, not individually, and the question about color was a column that was to be marked with a "B" if the slave was black and an "M" if mulatto. | How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census? | How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census? | [
"How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"by owner"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8492 | 5709a9f2ed30961900e843e4 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category. | What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census? | What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census? | [
"What race selection did the census bureau consider getting rid of before the 2000 census?"
] | {
"text": [
"Some other race"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8493 | 5709a9f2ed30961900e843e5 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category. | In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census? | In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census? | [
"In what year did the ancestery question stop appearing in the US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8494 | 5709a9f2ed30961900e843e6 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category. | There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census? | There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census? | [
"There were campaigns to try to get minorities to use what race category into 2010 census?"
] | {
"text": [
"Some other race"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8495 | 5709a9f2ed30961900e843e7 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | Although used in the Census and the American Community Survey, "Some other race" is not an official race, and the Bureau considered eliminating it prior to the 2000 Census. As the 2010 census form did not contain the question titled "Ancestry" found in prior censuses, there were campaigns to get non-Hispanic West Indian Americans, Turkish Americans, Armenian Americans, Arab Americans and Iranian Americans to indicate their ethnic or national background through the race question, specifically the "Some other race" category. | In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option? | In addition to the Census, where else is the "some other race" selection an option? | [
"In addition to the Census, where else is the \"some other race\" selection an option?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Community Survey"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8496 | 5709ac95200fba1400368253 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)." | What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? | What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? | [
"What act has rules and regulations for bilingual election? "
] | {
"text": [
"the Voting Rights Act"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8497 | 5709ac95200fba1400368254 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)." | What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations? | What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations? | [
"What act has rules and regulations for meeting the credit needs of minority populations?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Community Reinvestment Act"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8498 | 5709ac95200fba1400368255 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs and meet legislative requirements (i.e., identifying segments of the population who may not be receiving medical services under the Public Health Act; evaluating whether financial institutions are meeting the credit needs of minority populations under the Community Reinvestment Act)." | What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? | What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? | [
"What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Civil Rights Act"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8499 | 5709add7ed30961900e843f6 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to increased immigration. This census also marked the beginning of the term "race" in the questionnaires. Enumerators were instructed to write "White," "Black," "Mulatto," "Quadroon," "Octoroon," "Chinese," "Japanese," or "Indian." | In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census? | In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census? | [
"In what year was the term race first used in the U.S. Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"1890"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
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