gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-8600 | 5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993c | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | To which country did Russia give land during World War II? | To which country did Russia give land during World War II? | [
"To which country did Russia give land during World War II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8601 | 5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993d | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War II? | Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War II? | [
"Which treaty did Russia sign in order to give land and gain peace during World War II?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8602 | 5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993e | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What war resulted in Russia growing further during 1918? | What war resulted in Russia growing further during 1918? | [
"What war resulted in Russia growing further during 1918?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8603 | 5acdfb7c32bba1001ae4993f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918, at the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, the unrecognized state was renamed the Soviet Russian Republic. On March 3, 1918, the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany, in exchange for peace in World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1981? | What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1981? | [
"What numbered meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets occurred on January 25, 1981?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8604 | 56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b07 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Which oblast was broken up in 1943? | Which oblast was broken up in 1943? | [
"Which oblast was broken up in 1943?"
] | {
"text": [
"Karachay Autonomous Oblast"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8605 | 56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b08 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up? | Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up? | [
"Where were the Karachays sent after their oblast was broken up?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8606 | 56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b0a | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast? | Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast? | [
"Which SSR received the land of the Karachays' oblast?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Georgian SSR"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8607 | 56df5ac48bc80c19004e4b0b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Who broke up the Karachays' oblast? | Who broke up the Karachays' oblast? | [
"Who broke up the Karachays' oblast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joseph Stalin"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8608 | 56e0a24e7aa994140058e67b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast? | Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast? | [
"Who eliminated the Karachay Autonomous Oblast?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joseph Stalin"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8609 | 56e0a24e7aa994140058e67c | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended? | When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended? | [
"When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8610 | 56e0a24e7aa994140058e67d | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | To where were the Karachays exiled? | To where were the Karachays exiled? | [
"To where were the Karachays exiled?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8611 | 56e0a24e7aa994140058e67e | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Why were the Karachays exiled? | Why were the Karachays exiled? | [
"Why were the Karachays exiled?"
] | {
"text": [
"alleged collaboration with the Germans"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8612 | 56e0a24e7aa994140058e67f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to? | What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to? | [
"What republic was the territory of the Karachay Autonomous Oblast transferred to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Georgian SSR"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8613 | 5acdfd8532bba1001ae49963 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Which oblast was kept together in 1943? | Which oblast was kept together in 1943? | [
"Which oblast was kept together in 1943?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8614 | 5acdfd8532bba1001ae49964 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Where were the Karachays not sent after their oblast was broken up? | Where were the Karachays not sent after their oblast was broken up? | [
"Where were the Karachays not sent after their oblast was broken up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8615 | 5acdfd8532bba1001ae49965 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Which SSR rejected the land of the Karachays' oblast? | Which SSR rejected the land of the Karachays' oblast? | [
"Which SSR rejected the land of the Karachays' oblast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8616 | 5acdfd8532bba1001ae49966 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | Who didn't break up the Karachays' oblast? | Who didn't break up the Karachays' oblast? | [
"Who didn't break up the Karachays' oblast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8617 | 5acdfd8532bba1001ae49967 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | In 1943, Karachay Autonomous Oblast was dissolved by Joseph Stalin, when the Karachays were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the Germans and territory was incorporated into the Georgian SSR. | When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast not ended? | When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast not ended? | [
"When was the Karachay Autonomous Oblast not ended?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8618 | 56e098f17aa994140058e60f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | On what date was the RSFSR established? | On what date was the RSFSR established? | [
"On what date was the RSFSR established?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 7, 1917"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8619 | 56e098f17aa994140058e610 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR? | What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR? | [
"What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"October Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8620 | 56e098f17aa994140058e611 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | In what year was the Constitution adopted? | In what year was the Constitution adopted? | [
"In what year was the Constitution adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1918"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8621 | 56e098f17aa994140058e612 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year? | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year? | [
"The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was signed in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1922"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8622 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498b9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | On what date was the RSFSR abolished? | On what date was the RSFSR abolished? | [
"On what date was the RSFSR abolished?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8623 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498ba | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR? | What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR? | [
"What event led to the abolishment of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8624 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498bb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | In what year was the Constitution rejected? | In what year was the Constitution rejected? | [
"In what year was the Constitution rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8625 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498bc | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was not signed in what year? | The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was not signed in what year? | [
"The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR was not signed in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8626 | 5acdf31832bba1001ae498bd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | What year was the first Constitution not adopted? | What year was the first Constitution not adopted? | [
"What year was the first Constitution not adopted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8627 | 56e099747aa994140058e617 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR? | How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR? | [
"How much of the USSR's electricity was produced in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"two-thirds"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8628 | 56e099747aa994140058e618 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961? | What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961? | [
"What two countries produced more petroleum than Russia in 1961?"
] | {
"text": [
"the United States and Saudi Arabia"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8629 | 56e099747aa994140058e619 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974? | How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974? | [
"How many students were in institutions of higher education in Russia in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"23,941,000"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8630 | 56e099747aa994140058e61a | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974? | How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974? | [
"How many institutions of higher education did Russia possess in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"475"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8631 | 56e099747aa994140058e61b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974? | In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974? | [
"In how many languages were students in institutions of higher education being educated in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"47"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8632 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c3 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How much of the USSR's electricity was delayed in the RSFSR? | How much of the USSR's electricity was delayed in the RSFSR? | [
"How much of the USSR's electricity was delayed in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8633 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c4 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961? | What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961? | [
"What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8634 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c5 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How many students were in institutions of lower education in Russia in 1974? | How many students were in institutions of lower education in Russia in 1974? | [
"How many students were in institutions of lower education in Russia in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8635 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c6 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | How many institutions of high school did Russia possess in 1974? | How many institutions of high school did Russia possess in 1974? | [
"How many institutions of high school did Russia possess in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8636 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | In how many languages were students in institutions of high school being educated in 1974? | In how many languages were students in institutions of high school being educated in 1974? | [
"In how many languages were students in institutions of high school being educated in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8637 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted? | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted? | [
"On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 12, 1990"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8638 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c2 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | Who became president on June 12, 1991? | Who became president on June 12, 1991? | [
"Who became president on June 12, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boris Yeltsin"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8639 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c3 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed? | On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed? | [
"On what date were the Belavezha Accords signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 8, 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8640 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c4 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords? | When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords? | [
"When did the Russian Parliament ratify the Belavezha Accords?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 12"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8641 | 56e099da231d4119001ac2c5 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede? | What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede? | [
"What agreement did the Belavezha Accords supersede?"
] | {
"text": [
"1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8642 | 5acdf41532bba1001ae498cd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty rejected? | On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty rejected? | [
"On what date was the Declaration of State Sovereignty rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8643 | 5acdf41532bba1001ae498ce | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | Who became prime minister on June 12, 1991? | Who became prime minister on June 12, 1991? | [
"Who became prime minister on June 12, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8644 | 5acdf41532bba1001ae498cf | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | On what date were the Belavezha Accords rejected? | On what date were the Belavezha Accords rejected? | [
"On what date were the Belavezha Accords rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8645 | 5acdf41532bba1001ae498d0 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | When did the Russian Parliament reject the Belavezha Accords? | When did the Russian Parliament reject the Belavezha Accords? | [
"When did the Russian Parliament reject the Belavezha Accords?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8646 | 5acdf41532bba1001ae498d1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On June 12, 1990, the Congress of People's Deputies adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty. On June 12, 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected the first President. On December 8, 1991, heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Belavezha Accords. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its founder states (i.e. denunciation of 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the CIS. On December 12, the agreement was ratified by the Russian Parliament, therefore Russian SFSR denounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and de facto declared Russia's independence from the USSR. | What agreement did the Belavezha Accords superimpose? | What agreement did the Belavezha Accords superimpose? | [
"What agreement did the Belavezha Accords superimpose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8647 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e621 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991? | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991? | [
"What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Federation"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8648 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e622 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | On what date was the USSR dissolved? | On what date was the USSR dissolved? | [
"On what date was the USSR dissolved?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 26, 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8649 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e623 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR? | What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR? | [
"What body was responsible for the dissolution of the USSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet of Nationalities"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8650 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e624 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991? | What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991? | [
"What house of the Supreme Soviet was not functioning as of December 26, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet of the Union"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8651 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e625 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed? | What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed? | [
"What was one right of the Soviet government that the government of Russia assumed?"
] | {
"text": [
"UN membership"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8652 | 5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on November 25, 1991 | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on November 25, 1991 | [
"What was the new name given to the RSFSR on November 25, 1991"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8653 | 5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d8 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | On what date was the USSR resolved? | On what date was the USSR resolved? | [
"On what date was the USSR resolved?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8654 | 5acdf51b32bba1001ae498d9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What body was responsible for the solution of the USSR? | What body was responsible for the solution of the USSR? | [
"What body was responsible for the solution of the USSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8655 | 5acdf51b32bba1001ae498da | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What house of the Supreme Soviet was functioning as of December 26, 1991? | What house of the Supreme Soviet was functioning as of December 26, 1991? | [
"What house of the Supreme Soviet was functioning as of December 26, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8656 | 5acdf51b32bba1001ae498db | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its members by the union republics). After dissolution of the USSR, Russia declared that it assumed the rights and obligations of the dissolved central Soviet government, including UN membership. | What was one right of the Soviet government that the citizens of Russia assumed? | What was one right of the Soviet government that the citizens of Russia assumed? | [
"What was one right of the Soviet government that the citizens of Russia assumed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8657 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e635 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic? | On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic? | [
"On what date was the state named the Soviet Russian Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 25, 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8658 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e636 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic? | What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic? | [
"What body renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"All-Russian Congress of Soviets"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8659 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e637 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed? | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed? | [
"When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 3, 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8660 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e638 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state? | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state? | [
"The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ceded land to what state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8661 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e639 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | [
"What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Constitution of 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8662 | 5acdf66132bba1001ae498eb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | On what date was the state named the Soviet Communist Republic? | On what date was the state named the Soviet Communist Republic? | [
"On what date was the state named the Soviet Communist Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8663 | 5acdf66132bba1001ae498ec | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What head renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic? | What head renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic? | [
"What head renamed the state the Soviet Russian Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8664 | 5acdf66132bba1001ae498ed | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk rejected? | When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk rejected? | [
"When was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8665 | 5acdf66132bba1001ae498ee | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took land from what state? | The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took land from what state? | [
"The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk took land from what state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8666 | 5acdf66132bba1001ae498ef | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On July 10, 1918, the Russian Constitution of 1918 renamed the country the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. By 1918, during the Russian Civil War, several states within the former Russian Empire seceded, reducing the size of the country even more. | What person renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | What person renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | [
"What person renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8667 | 56e09b837aa994140058e63f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states? | What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states? | [
"What treaty resulted in the recognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?"
] | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Tartu"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8668 | 56e09b837aa994140058e640 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920? | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920? | [
"Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state recognized the RSFSR in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8669 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f5 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | What treaty resulted in the nonrecognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states? | What treaty resulted in the nonrecognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states? | [
"What treaty resulted in the nonrecognition of the RSFSR by Latvia and other states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8670 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f6 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state went didn't recognize the RSFSR in 1920? | Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state went didn't recognize the RSFSR in 1920? | [
"Along with Estonia, Latvia, Finland and Lithuania, what state went didn't recognize the RSFSR in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8671 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | What year was the RSFSW nor recognized as an independent state? | What year was the RSFSW nor recognized as an independent state? | [
"What year was the RSFSW nor recognized as an independent state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8672 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f8 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | What didn't happen in 1920? | What didn't happen in 1920? | [
"What didn't happen in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8673 | 5acdf79132bba1001ae498f9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Internationally, in 1920, the RSFSR was recognized as an independent state only by Estonia, Finland, Latvia and Lithuania in the Treaty of Tartu and by the short-lived Irish Republic. | Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR? | Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR? | [
"Which countries refused to recognize the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8674 | 56e09c24231d4119001ac2cb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | What was the common name of the Soviet Union? | What was the common name of the Soviet Union? | [
"What was the common name of the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8675 | 56e09c24231d4119001ac2cc | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | Technically, what type of state was Russia? | Technically, what type of state was Russia? | [
"Technically, what type of state was Russia?"
] | {
"text": [
"republic"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8676 | 56e09c24231d4119001ac2cd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union? | What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union? | [
"What was the largest republic in the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8677 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae49909 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | What was the uncommon name of the Soviet Union? | What was the uncommon name of the Soviet Union? | [
"What was the uncommon name of the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8678 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae4990a | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | Technically, what type of state wasn't Russia? | Technically, what type of state wasn't Russia? | [
"Technically, what type of state wasn't Russia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8679 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae4990b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union? | What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union? | [
"What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8680 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae4990c | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | Which republic was the least developed? | Which republic was the least developed? | [
"Which republic was the least developed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8681 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae4990d | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | Which republic was the least powerful? | Which republic was the least powerful? | [
"Which republic was the least powerful?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8682 | 56e09ff67aa994140058e657 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains? | What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains? | [
"What percentage of the RSFSR was made up of plains?"
] | {
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8683 | 56e09ff67aa994140058e658 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist? | In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist? | [
"In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"the east"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8684 | 56e09ff67aa994140058e659 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR? | Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR? | [
"Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was abundant in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural gas"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8685 | 5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49927 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | What percentage of the RSFSR wasn't made up of plains? | What percentage of the RSFSR wasn't made up of plains? | [
"What percentage of the RSFSR wasn't made up of plains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8686 | 5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49928 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly not exist? | In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly not exist? | [
"In what part of the RSFSR did tundra mainly not exist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8687 | 5acdfa8d32bba1001ae49929 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was depleted in the RSFSR? | Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was depleted in the RSFSR? | [
"Along with petroleum and iron ore, what resource was depleted in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8688 | 5acdfa8d32bba1001ae4992a | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | What scarce resources are there? | What scarce resources are there? | [
"What scarce resources are there?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8689 | 5acdfa8d32bba1001ae4992b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad plains, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore. | Where are the desert regions mainly concentrated? | Where are the desert regions mainly concentrated? | [
"Where are the desert regions mainly concentrated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8690 | 56e0a1517aa994140058e667 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed? | On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed? | [
"On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 30, 1922"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8691 | 56e0a1517aa994140058e668 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR? | What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR? | [
"What body passed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8692 | 56e0a1517aa994140058e669 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union? | Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union? | [
"Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state joined Russia to form the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8693 | 56e0a1517aa994140058e66a | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted? | On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted? | [
"On what date was the 1924 Soviet Constitution adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 31, 1924"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8694 | 56e0a1517aa994140058e66b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | What body adopted the 1924 Soviet Constitution? | What body adopted the 1924 Soviet Constitution? | [
"What body adopted the 1924 Soviet Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8695 | 5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49945 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR rejected? | On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR rejected? | [
"On what date was the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8696 | 5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49946 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | What body rejected the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR? | What body rejected the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR? | [
"What body rejected the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8697 | 5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49947 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state didn't join Russia to form the Soviet Union? | Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state didn't join Russia to form the Soviet Union? | [
"Along with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, what state didn't join Russia to form the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8698 | 5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49948 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | On what date was the 1942 Soviet Constitution adopted? | On what date was the 1942 Soviet Constitution adopted? | [
"On what date was the 1942 Soviet Constitution adopted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8699 | 5acdfbdc32bba1001ae49949 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 30, 1922, the First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR approved the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR, by which Russia was united with the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, and Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. Later treaty was included in the 1924 Soviet Constitution,[clarification needed] adopted on January 31, 1924 by the Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR. | What body rejected the 1924 Soviet Constitution? | What body rejected the 1924 Soviet Constitution? | [
"What body rejected the 1924 Soviet Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.