gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-9000 | 572869712ca10214002da31a | LaserDisc | Under contract from the U.S. Military, Matrox produced a combination computer/LaserDisc player for instructional purposes. The computer was a 286, the LaserDisc player only capable of reading the analog audio tracks. Together they weighed 43 lb (20 kg) and sturdy handles were provided in case two people were required t... | How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled? | How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled? | [
"How could Matrox's computer unconventionally be controlled?"
] | {
"text": [
"removing the ribbon cable and connecting a serial cable directly from the computer's serial port to the port on the LaserDisc player"
],
"answer_start": [
654
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9001 | 57286a604b864d19001649c2 | LaserDisc | The format's instant-access capability made it possible for a new breed of LaserDisc-based video arcade games and several companies saw potential in using LaserDiscs for video games in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning in 1983 with Sega's Astron Belt. American Laser Games and Cinematronics produced elaborate arcade consol... | What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s? | What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s? | [
"What quality made LDs a consideration for videogames in the 1980s and 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [
"instant-access capability"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9002 | 57286a604b864d19001649c3 | LaserDisc | The format's instant-access capability made it possible for a new breed of LaserDisc-based video arcade games and several companies saw potential in using LaserDiscs for video games in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning in 1983 with Sega's Astron Belt. American Laser Games and Cinematronics produced elaborate arcade consol... | What was the first game to use LaserDiscs? | What was the first game to use LaserDiscs? | [
"What was the first game to use LaserDiscs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sega's Astron Belt"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9003 | 57286a604b864d19001649c4 | LaserDisc | The format's instant-access capability made it possible for a new breed of LaserDisc-based video arcade games and several companies saw potential in using LaserDiscs for video games in the 1980s and 1990s, beginning in 1983 with Sega's Astron Belt. American Laser Games and Cinematronics produced elaborate arcade consol... | In what year was Sega's AStron Belt released? | In what year was Sega's AStron Belt released? | [
"In what year was Sega's AStron Belt released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9004 | 57289de03acd2414000dfb73 | LaserDisc | In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Encoded using NHK's MUSE "Hi-Vision" analogue TV system, M... | With what operating ratio would MUSE Discs operate? | With what operating ratio would MUSE Discs operate? | [
"With what operating ratio would MUSE Discs operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"5:3"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9005 | 57289de03acd2414000dfb74 | LaserDisc | In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Encoded using NHK's MUSE "Hi-Vision" analogue TV system, M... | What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have? | What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have? | [
"What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have?"
] | {
"text": [
"capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out"
],
"answer_start": [
839
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9006 | 57289de03acd2414000dfb75 | LaserDisc | In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Encoded using NHK's MUSE "Hi-Vision" analogue TV system, M... | In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs? | In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs? | [
"In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Crosstalk"
],
"answer_start": [
986
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9007 | 57289de03acd2414000dfb76 | LaserDisc | In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Encoded using NHK's MUSE "Hi-Vision" analogue TV system, M... | How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology? | How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology? | [
"How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology?"
] | {
"text": [
"almost 15 years"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9008 | 57289ecb4b864d1900164adc | LaserDisc | In order to view MUSE encoded discs, it was necessary to have a MUSE decoder in addition to a compatible player. There are televisions with MUSE decoding built-in and set top tuners with decoders that can provide the proper MUSE input. Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$1... | What was the price for early HDTVs? | What was the price for early HDTVs? | [
"What was the price for early HDTVs?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$10,000"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9009 | 57289ecb4b864d1900164add | LaserDisc | In order to view MUSE encoded discs, it was necessary to have a MUSE decoder in addition to a compatible player. There are televisions with MUSE decoding built-in and set top tuners with decoders that can provide the proper MUSE input. Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$1... | Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan? | Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan? | [
"Did MUSE have a large or small target market, even in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"tiny"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9010 | 57289ecb4b864d1900164ade | LaserDisc | In order to view MUSE encoded discs, it was necessary to have a MUSE decoder in addition to a compatible player. There are televisions with MUSE decoding built-in and set top tuners with decoders that can provide the proper MUSE input. Equipment prices were high, especially for early HDTVs which generally eclipsed US$1... | What were some movies that were released on MUSE LaserDiscs? | What were some movies that were released on MUSE LaserDiscs? | [
"What were some movies that were released on MUSE LaserDiscs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Lawrence of Arabia, A League of Their Own, Bugsy, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Bram Stoker's Dracula and Chaplin"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9011 | 57289f843acd2414000dfb85 | LaserDisc | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was... | What were "Squeeze LDs"? | What were "Squeeze LDs"? | [
"What were \"Squeeze LDs\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9012 | 57289f843acd2414000dfb86 | LaserDisc | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was... | With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate? | With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate? | [
"With what aspect ratio did Squeeze LDs operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"16:9-ratio widescreen"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9013 | 57289f843acd2414000dfb87 | LaserDisc | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was... | Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market? | Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market? | [
"Why did Squeeze LDs have a very limited market?"
] | {
"text": [
"very few people owned 16:9 displays"
],
"answer_start": [
848
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9014 | 57289f843acd2414000dfb88 | LaserDisc | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was... | Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted? | Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted? | [
"Could the 16:9 aspect ratio be easily resized by a normal LD player, or was the image significantly distorted?"
] | {
"text": [
"distorted"
],
"answer_start": [
831
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9015 | 57289f843acd2414000dfb89 | LaserDisc | With the release of 16:9 televisions in the mid-1990s, Pioneer and Toshiba decided that it was time to take advantage of this aspect ratio. Squeeze LDs were enhanced 16:9-ratio widescreen LaserDiscs. During the video transfer stage, the movie was stored in an anamorphic "squeezed" format. The widescreen movie image was... | What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs? | What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs? | [
"What percent vertical resolution increase did Squeeze LDs feature over regular widescreen LDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"33%"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9016 | 5728a02e4b864d1900164af6 | LaserDisc | There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was di... | Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD? | Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD? | [
"Which movie was released twice on Squeeze LD?"
] | {
"text": [
"Terminator 2"
],
"answer_start": [
527
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9017 | 5728a02e4b864d1900164af7 | LaserDisc | There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was di... | What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release? | What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release? | [
"What improvement was added to Terminator 2's second Squeeze LD release?"
] | {
"text": [
"THX certified"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9018 | 5728a02e4b864d1900164af8 | LaserDisc | There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was di... | What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs? | What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs? | [
"What Warner Brothers films were available in 16:9 aspect ratio Squeeze LDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9019 | 5728a02e4b864d1900164af9 | LaserDisc | There were no anamorphic LaserDisc titles available in the US except for promotional purposes. Upon purchase of a Toshiba 16:9 television viewers had the option of selecting a number of Warner Bros. 16:9 films. Titles include Unforgiven, Grumpy Old Men, The Fugitive, and Free Willy. The Japanese lineup of titles was di... | What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs? | What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs? | [
"What films were available for Japanese market Squeeze LDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Basic Instinct, Stargate, Terminator 2: Judgment Day, Showgirls, Cutthroat Island, and Cliffhanger"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9020 | 5728a0c84b864d1900164afe | LaserDisc | Another form of recordable LaserDisc that is completely playback-compatible with the LaserDisc format (unlike CRVdisc with its caddy enclosure) is the RLV, or Recordable LaserVision disc. It was developed and first marketed by the Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus) in 1984. RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also... | What does the acronym RLV stand for? | What does the acronym RLV stand for? | [
"What does the acronym RLV stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Recordable LaserVision disc"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9021 | 5728a0c84b864d1900164aff | LaserDisc | Another form of recordable LaserDisc that is completely playback-compatible with the LaserDisc format (unlike CRVdisc with its caddy enclosure) is the RLV, or Recordable LaserVision disc. It was developed and first marketed by the Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus) in 1984. RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also... | Which company originally developed and marketed the RLV? | Which company originally developed and marketed the RLV? | [
"Which company originally developed and marketed the RLV?"
] | {
"text": [
"Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus)"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9022 | 5728a0c84b864d1900164b00 | LaserDisc | Another form of recordable LaserDisc that is completely playback-compatible with the LaserDisc format (unlike CRVdisc with its caddy enclosure) is the RLV, or Recordable LaserVision disc. It was developed and first marketed by the Optical Disc Corporation (ODC, now ODC Nimbus) in 1984. RLV discs, like CRVdisc, are also... | In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc? | In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc? | [
"In what year did ODC develop the Recordable LaserVision Disc?"
] | {
"text": [
"1984."
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9023 | 5728a13eff5b5019007da34e | LaserDisc | The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The purpli... | What is the difference in appearance between an RLV disc and a regular LD? | What is the difference in appearance between an RLV disc and a regular LD? | [
"What is the difference in appearance between an RLV disc and a regular LD?"
] | {
"text": [
"reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9024 | 5728a13eff5b5019007da34f | LaserDisc | The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The purpli... | Why do RLV discs have a blue or purple reflective color? | Why do RLV discs have a blue or purple reflective color? | [
"Why do RLV discs have a blue or purple reflective color?"
] | {
"text": [
"to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9025 | 5728a13eff5b5019007da350 | LaserDisc | The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The purpli... | For what purpose were RLVs popular? | For what purpose were RLVs popular? | [
"For what purpose were RLVs popular?"
] | {
"text": [
"making short-run quantities of LaserDiscs for specialized applications such as interactive kiosks and flight simulators"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9026 | 5728a13eff5b5019007da351 | LaserDisc | The only cosmetic difference between an RLV disc and a regular factory-pressed LaserDiscs is their reflective purple-violet (or blue with some RLV discs) color resulting from the dye embedded in the reflective layer of the disc to make it recordable, as opposed to the silver mirror appearance of regular LDs. The purpli... | What color were regular LaserDiscs, in contrast to RLVs blueish purple hues? | What color were regular LaserDiscs, in contrast to RLVs blueish purple hues? | [
"What color were regular LaserDiscs, in contrast to RLVs blueish purple hues?"
] | {
"text": [
"silver mirror"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9027 | 5728a20a2ca10214002da4fa | LaserDisc | There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of ... | In contrast to large LD disks, what is the size of a standard CD? | In contrast to large LD disks, what is the size of a standard CD? | [
"In contrast to large LD disks, what is the size of a standard CD?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 cm (4.7 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9028 | 5728a20a2ca10214002da4fb | LaserDisc | There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of ... | What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players? | What were CD size "single"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players? | [
"What were CD size \"single\"-style discs called that were compatible with LaserDisc players?"
] | {
"text": [
"CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD)"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9029 | 5728a20a2ca10214002da4fc | LaserDisc | There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of ... | How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk? | How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk? | [
"How much video content could be stored on a CD-V disk?"
] | {
"text": [
"up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9030 | 5728a20a2ca10214002da4fd | LaserDisc | There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of ... | What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for? | What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for? | [
"What were CD-V's video capacities usually used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"music video"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9031 | 5728a20a2ca10214002da4fe | LaserDisc | There were also 12 cm (4.7 in) (CD size) "single"-style discs produced that were playable on LaserDisc players. These were referred to as CD Video (CD-V) discs, and Video Single Discs (VSD). A CD-V carried up to five minutes of analog LaserDisc-type video content (usually a music video), as well as up to 20 minutes of ... | Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989? | Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989? | [
"Which artist released a music video and three audio tracks on CD-V in 1989?"
] | {
"text": [
"David Bowie"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9032 | 5728a2e94b864d1900164b0e | LaserDisc | CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs w... | What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included? | What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included? | [
"What were VSDs lacking that CD-Vs included?"
] | {
"text": [
"audio CD tracks"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9033 | 5728a2e94b864d1900164b0f | LaserDisc | CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs w... | In what areas of the world were VSDs popular? | In what areas of the world were VSDs popular? | [
"In what areas of the world were VSDs popular?"
] | {
"text": [
"only in Japan and other parts of Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9034 | 5728a2e94b864d1900164b10 | LaserDisc | CD-Vs are not to be confused with Video CDs (which are all-digital and can only be played on VCD players, DVD players, CD-i players, computers, and later-model LaserDisc players, such as the DVL series from Pioneer that can also play DVDs). CD-Vs can only be played back on LaserDisc players with CD-V capability. VSDs w... | Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players? | Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players? | [
"Were VSDs or CD-Vs all digital and also playable on DVD players?"
] | {
"text": [
"VSDs"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9035 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1b | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | How many boroughs are in NYC? | How many boroughs are in NYC? | [
"How many boroughs are in NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9036 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1c | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs? | Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs? | [
"Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs?"
] | {
"text": [
"northernmost"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9037 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1d | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | What is the Bronx's population? | What is the Bronx's population? | [
"What is the Bronx's population?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,438,159"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9038 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1e | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | How large is the Bronx? | How large is the Bronx? | [
"How large is the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"42 square miles (109 km2)"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9039 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1f | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | What is unique about the Bronx's location? | What is unique about the Bronx's location? | [
"What is unique about the Bronx's location?"
] | {
"text": [
"Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9040 | 57324f89e99e3014001e66a0 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | Who is the Bronx named for? | Who is the Bronx named for? | [
"Who is the Bronx named for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jonas Bronck"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9041 | 57324f89e99e3014001e66a1 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | What did Bronck do? | What did Bronck do? | [
"What did Bronck do?"
] | {
"text": [
"created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9042 | 57324f89e99e3014001e66a2 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | When did Bronck settle in the New York area? | When did Bronck settle in the New York area? | [
"When did Bronck settle in the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"1639"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9043 | 57324f89e99e3014001e66a3 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | What native tribe lived in the New York area? | What native tribe lived in the New York area? | [
"What native tribe lived in the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lenape"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9044 | 57324f89e99e3014001e66a4 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various Europea... | What types of music the Bronx famous for? | What types of music the Bronx famous for? | [
"What types of music the Bronx famous for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin music and hip hop"
],
"answer_start": [
594
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9045 | 57324ffa0fdd8d15006c695f | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | How poor is part of the Bronx? | How poor is part of the Bronx? | [
"How poor is part of the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9046 | 57324ffa0fdd8d15006c6960 | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent? | What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent? | [
"What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9047 | 57324ffa0fdd8d15006c6961 | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | When did the South Bronx lose quality of life? | When did the South Bronx lose quality of life? | [
"When did the South Bronx lose quality of life?"
] | {
"text": [
"the late 1960s and the 1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9048 | 57324ffa0fdd8d15006c6962 | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s? | What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s? | [
"What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s?"
] | {
"text": [
"arson"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9049 | 573250460fdd8d15006c6971 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | When was Jonas Bronck born? | When was Jonas Bronck born? | [
"When was Jonas Bronck born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1600"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9050 | 573250460fdd8d15006c6972 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | Where did Bronck emigrate from? | Where did Bronck emigrate from? | [
"Where did Bronck emigrate from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Småland, Sweden"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9051 | 573250460fdd8d15006c6973 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | When did Bronck reach the New York area? | When did Bronck reach the New York area? | [
"When did Bronck reach the New York area?"
] | {
"text": [
"spring of 1639"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9052 | 573250460fdd8d15006c6974 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | What entity did Bronck get his land from? | What entity did Bronck get his land from? | [
"What entity did Bronck get his land from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Dutch West India Company"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9053 | 573250460fdd8d15006c6975 | The_Bronx | Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainla... | How much land did Bronck eventually own? | How much land did Bronck eventually own? | [
"How much land did Bronck eventually own?"
] | {
"text": [
"500 acres"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9054 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea2f | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | What is the Bronx's county name? | What is the Bronx's county name? | [
"What is the Bronx's county name?"
] | {
"text": [
"The County of Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9055 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea30 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | What is the Bronx's borough name? | What is the Bronx's borough name? | [
"What is the Bronx's borough name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Borough of the Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9056 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea31 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | When was the Bronx created? | When was the Bronx created? | [
"When was the Bronx created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1874"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9057 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea32 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | What county was the Bronx split off from? | What county was the Bronx split off from? | [
"What county was the Bronx split off from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Westchester"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9058 | 573250c3b9d445190005ea33 | The_Bronx | The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for... | When was the Bronx added to? | When was the Bronx added to? | [
"When was the Bronx added to?"
] | {
"text": [
"1898"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9059 | 57325124e17f3d140042285b | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? | When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? | [
"When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?"
] | {
"text": [
"1759"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9060 | 57325124e17f3d140042285c | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? | Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River? | [
"Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?"
] | {
"text": [
"tolls were resented"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9061 | 57325124e17f3d140042285d | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have? | What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have? | [
"What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have?"
] | {
"text": [
"between New England and New York"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9062 | 57325124e17f3d140042285e | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | When was Kingsbridge built? | When was Kingsbridge built? | [
"When was Kingsbridge built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1693"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9063 | 57325124e17f3d140042285f | The_Bronx | The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederi... | Who owned Kingsbridge? | Who owned Kingsbridge? | [
"Who owned Kingsbridge?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frederick Philipse"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9064 | 5732516be17f3d1400422865 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | How many counties did New York originally have? | How many counties did New York originally have? | [
"How many counties did New York originally have?"
] | {
"text": [
"12"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9065 | 5732516be17f3d1400422866 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx? | Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx? | [
"Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9066 | 5732516be17f3d1400422867 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | When was West Farms created? | When was West Farms created? | [
"When was West Farms created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1846"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9067 | 5732516be17f3d1400422868 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | When was Morrisania created? | When was Morrisania created? | [
"When was Morrisania created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1855"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9068 | 5732516be17f3d1400422869 | The_Bronx | The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, w... | When was the town of Kingsbridge created? | When was the town of Kingsbridge created? | [
"When was the town of Kingsbridge created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9069 | 573251c0b9d445190005ea39 | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex Kingsbridge? | When did New York City annex Kingsbridge? | [
"When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?"
] | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9070 | 573251c0b9d445190005ea3a | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex West Farms? | When did New York City annex West Farms? | [
"When did New York City annex West Farms?"
] | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9071 | 573251c0b9d445190005ea3b | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex Morrisania? | When did New York City annex Morrisania? | [
"When did New York City annex Morrisania?"
] | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9072 | 573251c0b9d445190005ea3c | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex part of Pelham? | When did New York City annex part of Pelham? | [
"When did New York City annex part of Pelham?"
] | {
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9073 | 573251c0b9d445190005ea3d | The_Bronx | The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Is... | When did New York City annex part of Eastchester? | When did New York City annex part of Eastchester? | [
"When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?"
] | {
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9074 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c698f | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | When was the Bronx's boom period? | When was the Bronx's boom period? | [
"When was the Bronx's boom period?"
] | {
"text": [
"1900–29"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9075 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c6990 | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | What was the Bronx's population in 1900? | What was the Bronx's population in 1900? | [
"What was the Bronx's population in 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"200,000"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9076 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c6991 | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | What was the Bronx's population in 1929? | What was the Bronx's population in 1929? | [
"What was the Bronx's population in 1929?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9077 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c6992 | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | When did the Bronx's income declined? | When did the Bronx's income declined? | [
"When did the Bronx's income declined?"
] | {
"text": [
"1950–85"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9078 | 5732521e0fdd8d15006c6993 | The_Bronx | The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to ... | When did the Bronx's economy regrow? | When did the Bronx's economy regrow? | [
"When did the Bronx's economy regrow?"
] | {
"text": [
"starting in the late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9079 | 573252870fdd8d15006c6999 | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937? | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937? | [
"How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"592,185"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9080 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699a | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011? | How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011? | [
"How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"54,000"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9081 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699b | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | What led to the Bronx's population growth? | What led to the Bronx's population growth? | [
"What led to the Bronx's population growth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Extensions of the New York City Subway"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9082 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699c | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx? | What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx? | [
"What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewish Americans"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9083 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699d | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | How much of the Bronx was Jewish in 1937? | How much of the Bronx was Jewish in 1937? | [
"How much of the Bronx was Jewish in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"43.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9084 | 573252e1e99e3014001e66be | The_Bronx | Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was ... | What is redlining? | What is redlining? | [
"What is redlining?"
] | {
"text": [
"a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9085 | 573252e1e99e3014001e66bf | The_Bronx | Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was ... | What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings? | What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings? | [
"What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?"
] | {
"text": [
"rent control laws"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9086 | 573252e1e99e3014001e66c0 | The_Bronx | Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was ... | What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx? | What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx? | [
"What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"fire-fighting"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9087 | 573253330fdd8d15006c69a3 | The_Bronx | In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to... | What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s? | What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s? | [
"What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"arson"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9088 | 573253330fdd8d15006c69a4 | The_Bronx | In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to... | Why did some landlords burn their own buildings? | Why did some landlords burn their own buildings? | [
"Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?"
] | {
"text": [
"it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9089 | 573253330fdd8d15006c69a5 | The_Bronx | In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to... | Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx? | Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx? | [
"Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9090 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69a9 | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx? | What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx? | [
"What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Ten-Year Housing Plan\""
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9091 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69aa | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes? | How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes? | [
"How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9092 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69ab | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | Who built the Nehemiah Homes? | Who built the Nehemiah Homes? | [
"Who built the Nehemiah Homes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9093 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69ac | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | Who led the Melrose Commons project? | Who led the Melrose Commons project? | [
"Who led the Melrose Commons project?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nos Quedamos"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9094 | 573253910fdd8d15006c69ad | The_Bronx | Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Ne... | How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007? | How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007? | [
"How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"149"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9095 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b3 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | What award did the Bronx receive in 1997? | What award did the Bronx receive in 1997? | [
"What award did the Bronx receive in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [
"All America City"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9096 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b4 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997? | Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997? | [
"Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [
"the National Civic League"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9097 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b5 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s? | How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s? | [
"How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9098 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b6 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007? | How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007? | [
"How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"33,687"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9099 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b7 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007? | How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007? | [
"How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"$4.8 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
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