gem_id stringlengths 20 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 1 270 | target stringlengths 1 270 | references list | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-8800 | 56e0a622231d4119001ac32f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow? | During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow? | [
"During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 19–21, 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8801 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499c7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created? | On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created? | [
"On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8802 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499c8 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR? | Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR? | [
"Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8803 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499c9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919? | Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919? | [
"Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8804 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499ca | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur? | On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur? | [
"On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8805 | 5ace081c32bba1001ae499cb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly suppor... | During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? | During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? | [
"During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8806 | 56e0a6c4231d4119001ac335 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended? | On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended? | [
"On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR suspended?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 23"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8807 | 56e0a6c4231d4119001ac336 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | [
"Who signed the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8808 | 56e0a6c4231d4119001ac337 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? | On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? | [
"On what date was the Communist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 6"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8809 | 56e0a6c4231d4119001ac338 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree? | Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree? | [
"Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 23 decree?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8810 | 5ace08a732bba1001ae499d1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR upheld? | On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR upheld? | [
"On what date was the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR upheld?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8811 | 5ace08a732bba1001ae499d2 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | Who didn't sign the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | Who didn't sign the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | [
"Who didn't sign the decree suspending the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8812 | 5ace08a732bba1001ae499d3 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | Who signed the decree upholding the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | Who signed the decree upholding the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR? | [
"Who signed the decree upholding the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8813 | 5ace08a732bba1001ae499d4 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | On what date was the Socialist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? | On what date was the Socialist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR? | [
"On what date was the Socialist Parties of the USSR banned from operating in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8814 | 5ace08a732bba1001ae499d5 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On August 23, after the failure of GKChP, in the presence of Gorbachev, Yeltsin signed a decree suspending all activity by the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR in the territory of Russia. On November 6, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR from the territory of the RSFSR. | Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 3 decree? | Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 3 decree? | [
"Aside from Yeltsin, what notable figure was present at the signing of the August 3 decree?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8815 | 56e0a753231d4119001ac33d | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | In what country is Viskuli located? | In what country is Viskuli located? | [
"In what country is Viskuli located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Belarus"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8816 | 56e0a753231d4119001ac33e | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed? | On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed? | [
"On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 8, 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8817 | 56e0a753231d4119001ac33f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? | What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? | [
"What is another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States?"
] | {
"text": [
"Belavezha Accords"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8818 | 56e0a753231d4119001ac340 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12? | What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12? | [
"What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 12?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8819 | 56e0a753231d4119001ac341 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles? | The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles? | [
"The Belavezha Accords consisted of how many articles?"
] | {
"text": [
"fourteen"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8820 | 5ace090a32bba1001ae499db | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | In what country is Viskuli not located? | In what country is Viskuli not located? | [
"In what country is Viskuli not located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8821 | 5ace090a32bba1001ae499dc | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States rejected? | On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States rejected? | [
"On what date was the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8822 | 5ace090a32bba1001ae499dd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | What isn't another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? | What isn't another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States? | [
"What isn't another name for the Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8823 | 5ace090a32bba1001ae499de | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 21? | What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 21? | [
"What body ratified the Belavezha Accords on December 21?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8824 | 5ace090a32bba1001ae499df | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 8, 1991, at Viskuli near Brest (Belarus), the President of the Russian SFSR and the heads of Byelorussian SSR and Ukrainian SSR signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States" (known in media as Belavezha Accords). The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen art... | What body rejected the Belavezha Accords on December 12? | What body rejected the Belavezha Accords on December 12? | [
"What body rejected the Belavezha Accords on December 12?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8825 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e691 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | [
"When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 24"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8826 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e692 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union? | On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union? | [
"On what day did Gorbachev give up the presidency of the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 25"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8827 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e693 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev? | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev? | [
"What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the resignation of Gorbachev?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russian Federation"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8828 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e694 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | Who was the first president of the Russian Federation? | Who was the first president of the Russian Federation? | [
"Who was the first president of the Russian Federation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8829 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e695 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published? | In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published? | [
"In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation first published?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rossiyskaya Gazeta"
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8830 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e5 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | When did the Russian Federation reject the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | When did the Russian Federation reject the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | [
"When did the Russian Federation reject the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8831 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e6 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | On what day did Gorbachev keep the presidency of the Soviet Union? | On what day did Gorbachev keep the presidency of the Soviet Union? | [
"On what day did Gorbachev keep the presidency of the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8832 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e7 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev? | What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev? | [
"What was the new name given to the Russian SFSR after the killing of Gorbachev?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8833 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e8 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation? | Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation? | [
"Who wasn't the first president of the Russian Federation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8834 | 5ace097a32bba1001ae499e9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation last published? | In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation last published? | [
"In what periodical was the new sovereign status of the Russian Federation last published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8835 | 56e0a85e7aa994140058e69b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946? | What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946? | [
"What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1946?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Council of People's Commissars"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8836 | 56e0a85e7aa994140058e69c | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946? | What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946? | [
"What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1946?"
] | {
"text": [
"Council of Ministers"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8837 | 56e0a85e7aa994140058e69d | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | [
"When the Soviet Union ended in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Council of Ministers–Government"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8838 | 56e0a85e7aa994140058e69e | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | Who led the first government of the RSFSR? | Who led the first government of the RSFSR? | [
"Who led the first government of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Lenin"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8839 | 56e0a85e7aa994140058e69f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | Who led the final government of the RSFSR? | Who led the final government of the RSFSR? | [
"Who led the final government of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boris Yeltsin"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8840 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499ef | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1964? | What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1964? | [
"What was the government of the RSFSR called up to 1964?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8841 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f0 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1964? | What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1964? | [
"What was the RSFSR government called starting in 1964?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8842 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called? | [
"When the Soviet Union started in 1991, what was the RSFSR government called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8843 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f2 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | Who rejected the first government of the RSFSR? | Who rejected the first government of the RSFSR? | [
"Who rejected the first government of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8844 | 5ace09cd32bba1001ae499f3 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Government was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars (1917–1946), Council of Ministers (1946–1978) and Council of Ministers–Government (1978–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR" and the last by Boris Yeltsin... | Who rejected the final government of the RSFSR? | Who rejected the final government of the RSFSR? | [
"Who rejected the final government of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8845 | 56e0a8ad231d4119001ac347 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991? | What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991? | [
"What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Communist Party of the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8846 | 56e0a8ad231d4119001ac348 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR? | What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR? | [
"What event prompted the end to the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"the abortive 1991 August coup"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8847 | 56e0a8ad231d4119001ac349 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | Who suspended the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | Who suspended the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | [
"Who suspended the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yeltsin"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8848 | 5ace0a6932bba1001ae499f9 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1919? | What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1919? | [
"What political organization controlled the RSFSR up to 1919?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8849 | 5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fa | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What political organization didn't control the RSFSR up to 1991? | What political organization didn't control the RSFSR up to 1991? | [
"What political organization didn't control the RSFSR up to 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8850 | 5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fb | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What event prompted the start of the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR? | What event prompted the start of the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR? | [
"What event prompted the start of the control of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8851 | 5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fc | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | Who didn't suspend the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | Who didn't suspend the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | [
"Who didn't suspend the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8852 | 5ace0a6932bba1001ae499fd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Russian SFSR was controlled by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, until the abortive 1991 August coup, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | Who suspended the Socialist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | Who suspended the Socialist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? | [
"Who suspended the Socialist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8853 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb2 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS? | [
"Did LaserDisks offer higher or lower quality sound and picture than VHS?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher-quality"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8854 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb3 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America? | Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America? | [
"Why didn't LaserDisk gain popularity in North America?"
] | {
"text": [
"high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programming"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8855 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb4 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality? | [
"With whom was LaserDisk a popular choice for it's picture and sound quality?"
] | {
"text": [
"videophiles and film enthusiasts"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8856 | 57280c4bff5b5019007d9bb5 | LaserDisc | Although the format was capable of offering higher-quality video and audio than its consumer rivals, the VHS and Betamax videocassette systems, LaserDisc never managed to gain widespread use in North America, largely due to high costs for the players and video titles themselves and the inability to record TV programmin... | In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? | In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s? | [
"In what city was LaserDisk used as a popular rental medium in the 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hong Kong"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8857 | 572812a04b864d19001643c0 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Where was LaserDisc first available? | Where was LaserDisc first available? | [
"Where was LaserDisc first available?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atlanta, Georgia"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8858 | 572812a04b864d19001643c1 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released? | How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released? | [
"How many years after VHS was LaserDisk released?"
] | {
"text": [
"two years"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8859 | 572812a04b864d19001643c2 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed? | [
"Under what name was LaserDisc originally marketed?"
] | {
"text": [
"MCA DiscoVision"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8860 | 572812a04b864d19001643c3 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | How did the first viewers refer to the media? | How did the first viewers refer to the media? | [
"How did the first viewers refer to the media?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Video Long Play\""
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8861 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9cfc | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980? | Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980? | [
"Who purchased the majority stake and re-marketed the product in 1980?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pioneer Electronics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8862 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9cfd | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"? | Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as "Laser Videodisc"? | [
"Was Laserdisk officially or unofficially reffered to as \"Laser Videodisc\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"unofficially"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8863 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9cfe | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out? | Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out? | [
"Did MCA produce the disc or the players after being bought out?"
] | {
"text": [
"discs"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8864 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9cff | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs? | Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs? | [
"Who were the scientists that worked on the early research for Laserdiscs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Richard Wilkinson, Ray Dakin and John Winslow"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8865 | 57281747ff5b5019007d9d00 | LaserDisc | Pioneer Electronics later purchased the majority stake in the format and marketed it as both LaserVision (format name) and LaserDisc (brand name) in 1980, with some releases unofficially referring to the medium as "Laser Videodisc". Philips produced the players while MCA produced the discs. The Philips-MCA cooperation ... | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found? | [
"What company did the early Laserdisc researchers later found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Optical Disc Corporation (now ODC Nimbus)"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8866 | 57281a754b864d1900164492 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s? | What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s? | [
"What product replaced LaserDisc in North America by the early 2000s?"
] | {
"text": [
"DVD"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8867 | 57281a754b864d1900164493 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s? | Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s? | [
"Who chose LaserFisc for their Domesday Project in the mid-1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8868 | 57281a754b864d1900164494 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | What was the BBC Domesday Project? | What was the BBC Domesday Project? | [
"What was the BBC Domesday Project?"
] | {
"text": [
"a school-based project to commemorate 900 years since the original Domesday Book in England"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8869 | 57281a754b864d1900164495 | LaserDisc | By the early 2000s, LaserDisc was completely replaced by DVD in the North American retail marketplace, as neither players nor software were then produced. Players were still exported to North America from Japan until the end of 2001. The format has retained some popularity among American collectors, and to a greater de... | Which country still exported players to North America until 2001? | Which country still exported players to North America until 2001? | [
"Which country still exported players to North America until 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8870 | 57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5c | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | How large was a standard LaserDisc? | How large was a standard LaserDisc? | [
"How large was a standard LaserDisc?"
] | {
"text": [
"30 cm (12 in) in diameter"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8871 | 57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5d | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | What numbers are used in Binary information coding? | What numbers are used in Binary information coding? | [
"What numbers are used in Binary information coding?"
] | {
"text": [
"1s and 0s"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8872 | 57281b8eff5b5019007d9d5e | LaserDisc | The standard home video LaserDisc was 30 cm (12 in) in diameter and made up of two single-sided aluminum discs layered in plastic. Although appearing similar to compact discs or DVDs, LaserDiscs used analog video stored in the composite domain (having a video bandwidth approximately equivalent to the 1-inch (25 mm) C-T... | Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted? | Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted? | [
"Were the ealiest LaserDiscs in 1978 analog or digitally formatted?"
] | {
"text": [
"analog"
],
"answer_start": [
909
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8873 | 57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d74 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | What was the length capacity of the CAA55 format? | What was the length capacity of the CAA55 format? | [
"What was the length capacity of the CAA55 format?"
] | {
"text": [
"55 minutes 5 seconds"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8874 | 57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d75 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound? | Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound? | [
"Why was Back to the Future released with analog sound?"
] | {
"text": [
"due to the length of the title and the desire to keep the film on one disc"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8875 | 57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d76 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format? | What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format? | [
"What was the maximum length of the CAA60 format?"
] | {
"text": [
"60 minutes 5 seconds"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8876 | 57281dd5ff5b5019007d9d77 | LaserDisc | As Pioneer introduced Digital Audio to LaserDisc in 1985, they further refined the CAA format. CAA55 was introduced in 1985 with a total playback capacity per side of 55 minutes 5 seconds, reducing the video capacity to resolve bandwidth issues with the inclusion of Digital Audio. Several titles released between 1985 a... | How many works were released to the public with the CAA70 format? | How many works were released to the public with the CAA70 format? | [
"How many works were released to the public with the CAA70 format?"
] | {
"text": [
"There are not any known uses of this format on the consumer market"
],
"answer_start": [
988
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8877 | 572826224b864d19001645a4 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK? | What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK? | [
"What was the difference between LaserDisc and LaserVision in the UK?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"LaserVision\" is used to refer to discs with analog sound, while \"LaserDisc\" is used for those with digital audio"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8878 | 572826224b864d19001645a5 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format? | The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format? | [
"The Phantom Menace was one of the first home videos to use what sound format?"
] | {
"text": [
"6.1 channel Dolby Digital EX Surround."
],
"answer_start": [
864
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8879 | 572826224b864d19001645a6 | LaserDisc | Sound could be stored in either analog or digital format and in a variety of surround sound formats; NTSC discs could carry two analog audio tracks, plus two uncompressed PCM digital audio tracks, which were (EFM, CIRC, 16-bit and 44.056 kHz sample rate). PAL discs could carry one pair of audio tracks, either analog or... | What sound formatting do DVDs use? | What sound formatting do DVDs use? | [
"What sound formatting do DVDs use?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dolby Digital audio in digital form"
],
"answer_start": [
928
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8880 | 572828724b864d1900164606 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline? | What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline? | [
"What competition caused LaserDisc sales to decline?"
] | {
"text": [
"DVD's growing popularity"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8881 | 572828724b864d1900164607 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models? | Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models? | [
"Did all AV receivers carry the demodulator circuits necessary for LaserDiscs, or only high-end models?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher-end"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8882 | 572828724b864d1900164608 | LaserDisc | In the mid to late 1990s many higher-end AV receivers included the demodulator circuit specifically for the LaserDisc players RF modulated Dolby Digital AC-3 signal. By the late 1990s with LaserDisc players and disc sales declining due to DVD's growing popularity the AV receiver manufacturers removed the demodulator ci... | What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to? | What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to? | [
"What did the Onkyo outboard demodulator covert the RF AC-2 signal to?"
] | {
"text": [
"6-channel analog audio"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8883 | 57282cbd4b864d1900164658 | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied? | Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied? | [
"Was sound quality from disc to disc and between players consistent or varied?"
] | {
"text": [
"varied greatly"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8884 | 57282cbd4b864d1900164659 | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts? | Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts? | [
"Was analog or digital formatting more popular with enthusiasts?"
] | {
"text": [
"digital"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8885 | 57282cbd4b864d190016465a | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs? | [
"What result did adding CX Noise Reduction have on analog discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"improved the signal-noise ratio of their audio"
],
"answer_start": [
934
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8886 | 57282cbd4b864d190016465b | LaserDisc | At least where the digital audio tracks were concerned, the sound quality was unsurpassed at the time compared to consumer videotape, but the quality of the analog soundtracks varied greatly depending on the disc and, sometimes, the player. Many early and lower-end LD players had poor analog audio components, and many ... | Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies? | Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies? | [
"Which company added digital sound option when re-releasing movies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8887 | 57282ff14b864d19001646a4 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | [
"Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio?"
] | {
"text": [
"right analog audio channel"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8888 | 57282ff14b864d19001646a5 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present? | [
"What audio playback options were available if an AC-3 output was not present?"
] | {
"text": [
"digital Dolby Surround or stereo audio tracks"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8889 | 57282ff14b864d19001646a6 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3? | What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3? | [
"What happens to the right channel in a player that doesn't recognize AC-3?"
] | {
"text": [
"garbage (static) output"
],
"answer_start": [
1052
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8890 | 572830d54b864d19001646c6 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find? | Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find? | [
"Are integrated AC-3 demodulators common in LaserDisc players or a rare find?"
] | {
"text": [
"rare"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8891 | 572830d54b864d19001646c7 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs? | How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs? | [
"How many 5.1 surround sound options exist in LaserDiscs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Only one"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8892 | 572830d54b864d19001646c8 | LaserDisc | Only one 5.1 surround sound option exists on a given LaserDisc (either Dolby Digital or DTS), so if surround sound is desired, the disc must be matched to the capabilities of the playback equipment (LD Player and Receiver/Decoder) by the purchaser. A fully capable LaserDisc playback system includes a newer LaserDisc pl... | What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers? | What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers? | [
"What type of decoder logic is common in 1990s A/V receivers?"
] | {
"text": [
"DTS"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8893 | 572831634b864d19001646d6 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs? | Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs? | [
"Which has a longer playing time: PAL LaserDiscs or NTSC discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"PAL LaserDiscs"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8894 | 572831634b864d19001646d7 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have? | [
"How many audio tracks do PAL LaserDiscs have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8895 | 572831634b864d19001646d8 | LaserDisc | PAL LaserDiscs have a slightly longer playing time than NTSC discs, but have fewer audio options. PAL discs only have two audio tracks, consisting of either two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs. In comparison, later NTSC LDs are capable of carrying four tracks (two analog a... | Which two audio options are available on PAL LaserDiscs? | Which two audio options are available on PAL LaserDiscs? | [
"Which two audio options are available on PAL LaserDiscs?"
] | {
"text": [
"two analog-only tracks on older PAL LDs, or two digital-only tracks on newer discs"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8896 | 57283235ff5b5019007d9ed8 | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player? | What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player? | [
"What was the name of the first solid-state laser consumer LaserDisc player?"
] | {
"text": [
"LD-700"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8897 | 57283235ff5b5019007d9ed9 | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700? | Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700? | [
"Besides a solid-state laser, what else was unique about the LD-700?"
] | {
"text": [
"first LD player to load from the front and not the top"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8898 | 57283235ff5b5019007d9eda | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | When did Pioneer release the LD-700? | When did Pioneer release the LD-700? | [
"When did Pioneer release the LD-700?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 1984"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8899 | 57283235ff5b5019007d9edb | LaserDisc | In March 1984, Pioneer introduced the first consumer player with a solid-state laser, the LD-700. It was also the first LD player to load from the front and not the top. One year earlier Hitachi introduced an expensive industrial player with a laser diode, but the player, which had poor picture quality due to an inadeq... | Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models? | Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models? | [
"Which company continued to use gas-lasers in industrial models of LD players although they were no longer used in consumer models?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philips"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
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