Split (1)

train · 35.5k rows

id string	dataset string	question string	options list	answer string	explanation string
medmcqa_301	medmcqa	<ctx> social network analysis ( sna ) is the process of investigating social structures through the use of networks and graph theory. it characterizes networked structures in terms of nodes ( individual actors, people, or things within the network ) and the ties, edges, or links ( relationships or interactions ) that c...	[ "Position of mandible in relation to cranial base", "Position of maxilla in relation to cranial base", "Maxillo-mandibular relationship", "None of the above" ]	B	Relating the Maxilla to the Skull: The angle SNA is formed by joining the lines S-N and N-A . The mean reading for this angle is 82°. Steiners analysis demonstrates the position of maxilla and mandible in relation to the cranial base. If the angular reading is more than 82°, it would indicate a relative forward positi...
qasc_1377	qasc	<ctx> colour, number of parts and specific structure are different for each individual species. the neural anatomy of fossilized remains may also be compared using advanced imaging techniques. atavisms once thought of as a refutation to evolutionary theory, atavisms are " now seen as potent evidence of how much genetic...	[ "fur", "magnetism", "eyes", "scales" ]	A
medmcqa_780	medmcqa	<ctx> ##is, but there is little good evidence to support this claim. traumatic rupture or detachment : the cartilage in the knee is frequently damaged but can be partially repaired through knee cartilage replacement therapy. often when athletes talk of damaged " cartilage " in their knee, they are referring to a damage...	[ "Pain", "Weight loss", "Increase in size", "Increase in thickness of cailage cap" ]	B	Ans. b. Weight loss
openbookqa_2001	openbookqa	<ctx> a flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids ) that submerges land that is usually dry. in the sense of " flowing water ", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering an...	[ "light hail", "clear skies", "great droplets repeating", "some leaves" ]	C
openbookqa_1419	openbookqa	<ctx> plant diversity. as altitude increases, temperature decreases, limiting plant diversity. coconuts and fruit trees tend to develop better in lower - altitude pekarangans while vegetables tend to grow better at higher altitudes. with better access to water — either by climate or by proximity to water resources — ar...	[ "a field where apples, beans and squash is planted", "a field where only grain is planted", "a field where rice, corn and beans are planted", "a field where fruits and vegetables are planted" ]	B
arc_easy_1951	arc_easy	<ctx> terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land ( e. g. cats, chickens, ants, spiders ), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water ( e. g. fish, lobsters, octopuses ), and amphibians, which rely on aquatic and terrestrial habitats ( e. g. frogs...	[ "reptiles", "amphibians", "birds", "mammals" ]	B
mmlu_aux_3478	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> from the movement of the lithospheric plates, and they often occur near convergent boundaries where parts of the crust are forced into the earth as part of subduction. plate tectonics might be thought of as the process by which the earth is resurfaced. as the result of seafloor spreading, new crust and lithospher...	[ "why the Earth cooled", "how the Isua supracrustal belt formed", "whether the ground beneath our feet is still", "when Earth's crust began shifting" ]	D	null
medmcqa_8179	medmcqa	<ctx> healthy bladders of felines, where it prevents bacterial adherence and protects the bladder from the toxic properties of urine. cats suffering from idiopathic cystitis, ( i. e. unexplained inflammation of the bladder ) excrete lower amounts of gp - 51 along with other glycosaminoglycans, leaving the lining of the...	[ "Group specific antigen of Legionella serogroup- 1 (LP 1)", "Group specific antigen of L egionella serogroup- 1. (LP 2)", "Group specific antigen of Legionella serogroup- 4 (LP 4)", "Group specific antigen of Legionella serogroup- 6 (LP 6)" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Group specific antigen of Legionella serogroup-1 (LP1) o The examination of urine for legionella antigen by ELISA is a rapid and specific method for identifying L pneumophila,o However, disadvantage of urine antigen test is that it only detects Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP-1) and negative ur...
aquarat_34420	aquarat	<ctx> seventh overall ) is coded in line with the century of birth, according to the following table. for people with a birth year ending in 40 – 54, and where i3 is 9, this has been allocated to two centuries. for those born between 1940 and 1954 this is held as a reserve that may be used to allocate numbers to new im...	[ "A)145,660", "B)149,720", "C)155,420", "D)161,280" ]	D	There are 8! ways to make codes starting with 12. There are 8! ways to make codes starting with 24. There are 8! ways to make codes starting with 36. There are 8! ways to make codes starting with 48. The number of codes is 4*8! = 161,280. The answer is D.
medmcqa_7668	medmcqa	<ctx> obtained similar results by other methods, also undertaking a deeper analysis of topological consequences. by an extension of their techniques to noncompact manifolds, schoen and yau were able to settle the important riemannian case of the positive mass theorem in general relativity, which can be viewed as a stat...	[ "Sarcoidosis", "Chronic bronchitis", "Asthma", "Syphilis" ]	A	question repeated In pathology, Schaumann bodies are calcium and protein inclusions inside of Langhans giant cells as pa of a granuloma. Many conditions can cause Schaumann bodies, including: Sarcoidosis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and Berylliosis. uncommonly, Crohn's disease and tuberculosis.
aquarat_42935	aquarat	<ctx> 2. 956 × 10−2 l example 1. 10 computing quantities from measurement results and known mathematical relations while being driven from philadelphia to atlanta, a distance of about 1250 km, a 2014 lamborghini aventador roadster uses 213 l gasoline. ( a ) what ( average ) fuel economy, in miles per gallon, did the ro...	[ "A)320$", "B)380$", "C)420$", "D)450$" ]	D	Total Cost = ( 1.7512 ) + ( 0.65 12 * 55 ) = 21 + 429 => 450 Hence answer will be (D) 450
mmlu_aux_4463	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> system can be used to clean many pathogens and germs from groundwater and runoff. a group of these devices, filtering the water from wells or runoff could help with poor sanitation and controlling the spread of waterborne illnesses. kenya may be a good candidate for testing out these systems because of its progre...	[ "It works in the same way as microwaves.", "It is very expensive for families to afford.", "It absorbs wet air and turns it into water.", "It helps to make the water clean to drink.http://www.ks5u.com/gaokao/beijing/" ]	C	null
openbookqa_960	openbookqa	<ctx> snow cover, allowing greater winter cooling, while in summer the surface material ( especially if organic ) will dry out and provide thermal insulation. thus the interior temperature is consistently lower than that of adjacent ground. this contributes to the formation of an ice lens which grows by drawing up surr...	[ "the moon", "temp change", "an iceberg", "a reaction" ]	B
qasc_3703	qasc	<ctx> health, including human microbiome research, cancer research, food web interactions, population dynamics, ecosystem services, productivity of agricultural crops and honeybee nutrition. consumer stoichiometry and food webs the study of elemental ratios ( i. e., c : n : p ) within the tissues of organisms can be us...	[ "respiration", "water vapor", "vitamins", "dogs" ]	D
qasc_7062	qasc	<ctx> bacteria ( ; : bacterium ) are ubiquitous, mostly free - living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. they constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most of its habita...	[ "helpful", "parasites", "disease-causing", "Roundworms." ]	C
arc_challenge_1090	arc_challenge	<ctx> of the carmel. a long period of erosion stripped away most of the san rafael group in the area along with any formations that may have been laid down in the cretaceous period. uplift starting 70 million years ago and extending well into the cenozoic, a mountain - building event called the laramide orogeny uplifte...	[ "erosion of surrounding material", "seismic activity along fault lines", "multiple volcanic eruptions", "deposition of wind-blown sediments" ]	B
aquarat_35761	aquarat	<ctx> stock under different stock valuation methods can be confusing. another example is modelling labour variances with learning curve corrections and stock level changes. with the absence of a basic profit model in an algebraic form, confident development of such models is difficult. the development of spreadsheets h...	[ "A)3:1", "B)4:3", "C)5:4", "D)6:5" ]	A	P:Q = 54000 : 18000 = 3:1. Answer:A
qasc_7050	qasc	<ctx> this is handled in nature via complementary morphogenic gradients. molecular determinants of the genetic code using insights gleaned from archaeal genomes, erives elaborated and described a stereochemical model of " proto - anti - codon rnas " ( pacrnas ). the pacrna model ascribes a predetermined combined origin...	[ "A computer", "Plants growth", "Most plants", "translation" ]	D
medmcqa_3598	medmcqa	<ctx> the period of rbst treatment, mastitis incidence increased by 76 % in primiparous cows and by 50 % for multiparous cows. overall, the increase was 53 %. conversely, however, a study from the university of georgia on the monitoring post - approval of rbst, showed that there was no statistically significant ( p > 0...	[ "60:40:00", "80:20:00", "0.888888889", "40:60" ]	A	a. 60:40(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 286-290, Ghai 8/e p 150-161)Human milk contains two types of proteins 60% is: whey and 40% is casein; helps in quick & easy digestion.
aquarat_37387	aquarat	<ctx> 10−1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )...	[ "A) 0", "B) 50", "C) 450", "D) 693" ]	D	We can break this problem into two parts: 1) What is 1/10 percent of 7,000? 2) What is 1/10 of 7,000? To calculate 1/10 percent of 7,000 we must first remember to DIVIDE 1/10 BY 100. So we have: (1/10)/(100) To divide a number by 100 means to multiply it by 1/100, so we have: 1/10 x 1/100 = 1/1,000 Thus, 1/10 percent o...
medmcqa_7874	medmcqa	<ctx> five per year. screening programs now test for several genetic disorders in jews, although these focus on the ashkenazi jews, since other jewish groups cannot be given a single set of tests for a common set of disorders. in the us, these screening programs have been widely accepted by the ashkenazi community, and...	[ "Tyrosine kinase JAK2 V617F and other mutations", "Low levels of erythropoietin levels", "Thrombocytosis", "Increased MCV" ]	A
qasc_5946	qasc	<ctx> 5. 3 enthalpy chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter. societies at all levels of development could not function without the energy released by chemical reactions. in 2012, about 85 % of us energy consumption came from the combustion of petr...	[ "choking smoke", "kinetic energy", "skin melting", "rapid oxidation" ]	D
medmcqa_6947	medmcqa	<ctx> event in formation of a malignant neoplasm. in experimental evaluation of specific dna repair deficiencies in cancers, many specific dna repair deficiencies were also shown to occur in the field defects surrounding those cancers. the table below gives examples for which the dna repair deficiency in a cancer was s...	[ "Metastasis", "Incomplete capsule", "Highly aggressive nature", "All of the above" ]	B	Pleomorphic Adenoma: Local enucleation should be avoided because the entire tumor may not be removed or the capsule may be violated, resulting in seeding of the tumor bed. With adequate surgery the prognosis is excellent, with a cure rate of more than 95%. The risk of recurrence appears to be lower for tumors of the ...
qasc_6913	qasc	<ctx> go - by the treatment. types sub - types of diagnoses include : clinical diagnosis a diagnosis made on the basis of medical signs and reported symptoms, rather than diagnostic tests laboratory diagnosis a diagnosis based significantly on laboratory reports or test results, rather than the physical examination of ...	[ "clinics", "viruses", "murmur", "ghosts" ]	B
medmcqa_2725	medmcqa	<ctx> and was taken over by its primary creditor veb. rf bank. in 2020 the latter sued angstrem jsc for partial damages as it was in surety of the loan given earlier to angstrem - t by veb. rf ( 2008 ). at the time, the company was owned by leonid reiman, a russian ex - minister. veb. rf has acquired all angstrem - t e...	[ "Used for inducing aboion in early week of pregnancy", "Used along with contraceptive pill", "Acts on the cytoplasmic receptor", "Used for preventing ectopic implantation" ]	A	Used for inducing aboion in early week of pregnancy
medmcqa_2592	medmcqa	<ctx> genetic testing, also known as dna testing, is used to identify changes in dna sequence or chromosome structure. genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as rna analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. in a...	[ "Bile salts", "Amino acids", "Nucleic acid", "Lipids" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Amino acids Impoant chemical reactions of amino acids Following are some impoant chemical reactions. A. Reaction used to determine amino acid sequence in polypeptide chain : - Generally, amino terminal (N-terminal) of amino acid is tagged with some reagent. It is split off by hydrolysis and tagged ami...
qasc_1289	qasc	<ctx> circulates about 5 liters of blood at a rate of approximately 6 l / m. the pulmonary and the systemic circulations are the two parts of the vasculature. the pulmonary circulation system consists of the network of blood vessels from the right heart to the lungs and back to the left heart. the rest of the blood flo...	[ "elephants", "Frogs", "humans", "the sun" ]	A
mmlu_aux_2119	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> swim close to the surface ( salmon sharks, blue sharks and makos ). when the antenna breaks the surface, it sends data to a satellite. the data include pressure, speed, and water temperature. location is estimated by calculating the doppler shift in the transmission signal in successive transmissions. when the an...	[ "total invention", "the use of wetsuit on humans", "the use of heat lamp", "waterproof feathers." ]	B	null
mmlu_aux_2908	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> such as sharks and rays, or even lampreys and hagfish. insects and molluscs some types of insects, and molluscs such as the octopus, also have strong spatial learning and navigation abilities, but these appear to work differently from the mammalian spatial system, so there is as yet no good reason to think that t...	[ "Each one can work by itself.", "They can taste but can't feel.", "Each leg has only one sucker.", "Each one has an eye," ]	A	null
medmcqa_7371	medmcqa	<ctx> ##amat. 2004. 11. 024 h. fredriksson, y. akerlind, materials processing during casting, chapter 7, wiley, 2006. https : / / www. wiley. com / en - us / materials + processing + during + casting - p - 9780470015148 h. fredriksson, y. akerlind, materials processing during casting, supplementary ( open ) material ht...	[ "fibrous", "homogeneous", "inhomogeneous", "amorphous" ]	C
qasc_82	qasc	<ctx> the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he...	[ "roots", "trees", "Conifers", "Echinoids" ]	D
aquarat_25162	aquarat	<ctx> for a dataset that is calculated by subtracting the minimum from the maximum of the dataset : range is a straightforward calculation but makes use of only two of the data values in a dataset. the range can also be affected by outliers. example 3. 6 problem calculate the range for dataset a and dataset b : dataset...	[ "A)70", "B)80", "C)90", "D)100" ]	B	According to the information in the question the maximum range would be between 610 and 780(170). The minimum range would be the greatest range for any one individual, which is listed in the problem as 90. So the difference between these would be 170-90 or 80. Answer: B
aquarat_39982	aquarat	<ctx> notable among the acrostic psalms is the long psalm 119, which typically is printed in subsections named after the 22 letters of the hebrew alphabet, each section consisting of 8 verses, each of which begins with the same letter of the alphabet and the entire psalm consisting of 22 x 8 = 176 verses ; and psalm 14...	[ "A)20160", "B)2520", "C)360", "D)80" ]	B	Explanation: As we can see the letter "E" is twice in given word, so Required Number =7!/2!=7∗6∗5∗4∗3∗2!/2!=2520 Option B
aquarat_16837	aquarat	<ctx> x, base ) the logarithm of x to the given base. math. log ( 8, 2 ) 3. 0 math. log ( 10000, 10 ) 4. 0 math. pow ( x, y ) x raised to the power y. unlike the * * operator, math. pow ( ) converts x and y to type float. math. pow ( 3, 0 ) 1. 0 math. pow ( 3, 3 ) 27. 0 math. sqrt ( x ) the square root of x. math. sqrt...	[ "A)210.25", "B)75.69", "C)14.5", "D)145" ]	C	Let the number be X Given, 3/5 X^2 = 126.5 X^2 = 126.15 * 5/3 X^2 = 42.05 * 5 = 210.25 X = 14.5 Answer C.
medmcqa_7973	medmcqa	<ctx> , such as deet used as mosquito spray, nonylphenol which is a surfactant used in detergents, the antibiotic erythromycin, and the herbicide atrazine. several research projects are running to optimize the use of advanced sewage treatment techniques under different conditions. the advanced techniques will increase ...	[ "Incineration", "Microwaving", "Autoclaving", "Chemical treatment" ]	A	- placenta is a human anatomical waste that comes under category no 1. - category no 1 wastes are discarded in yellow colour plastic bag and should be treated by incineration. Reference: Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no: 793,794 <\p>
medmcqa_9290	medmcqa	<ctx> large group of equivalent individuals should be studied, in order to establish separate positive and negative predictive values for use of the test in such individuals. bayesian updating bayes'theorem confers inherent limitations on the accuracy of screening tests as a function of disease prevalence or pre - test...	[ "Recent conversion in adult is an indication for ATT", "INH prophylaxis is started if the test is positive", "No risk in negative", "May be false negative in immunocompromised patients" ]	C
aquarat_48193	aquarat	<ctx> manufacturing once it has been received. the time it takes a company to unload a product from a truck, inspect it, and move it into storage ( " put - away time " ) is not trivial. with tight manufacturing constraints or when a company is using just in time manufacturing, it is important for supply chain to know h...	[ "A)15", "B)12", "C)10", "D)16" ]	C	(B+C)'s one day's work=1/9+1/12=7/36 Work done by B & C in 3 days=37/36=7/12 Remaining work=1-(7/12)=5/12 Now , 1/24 work is done by A in 1 day. So, 5/12 work is done by A in 245/12=10 days ANSWER C
aquarat_39655	aquarat	<ctx> ##croppers, fishermen, those engaged in animal husbandry, beedi rolling, labeling and packing, building and construction workers, leather workers, weavers, artisans, salt workers, workers in brick kilns and stone quarries, workers in saw mills, and workers in oil mills. a separate category based on nature of empl...	[ "A)18", "B)19", "C)22", "D)26" ]	C	Let the total number of workers be y. So sum of salary for all workers = sum of salary of 7 technician + sum of salary for other y -7 workers. 7 x 1000 + 780(y -7) = 850 y ⇒ 7000 + 780y - 5460 = 850y ⇒ 70y = 1540 ∴ y = 22 So total number of workers = 22 C
qasc_6466	qasc	<ctx> but today the world health organization takes a more broad approach, that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness. palpation – is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving / diagnosing a disease or i...	[ "brain", "humans", "epidermal", "bloodstream" ]	D
openbookqa_1838	openbookqa	<ctx> cocktail. " as far as desserts, she enjoyed apple and lemon pie, gelatins, ice cream, and peach shortcake, which she had a special recipe for. " i am mad about bread. " i especially like hot biscuits and out on the coast we have a southern cook who can make more kinds of hot breads than i ever knew existed. and i...	[ "serves it hot", "breaks it down", "losses energy", "dies" ]	B
qasc_4842	qasc	<ctx> , ascomycetes have been used for elucidating principles of genetics and heredity ( e. g., neurospora crassa ). members of the basidiomycota, commonly known as the club fungi or basidiomycetes, produce meiospores called basidiospores on club - like stalks called basidia. most common mushrooms belong to this group,...	[ "other nutrient-rich areas", "By wind and rain", "swamp vegetation", "in ice" ]	A
mmlu_aux_8282	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> a heat spreader transfers energy as heat from a hotter source to a colder heat sink or heat exchanger. there are two thermodynamic types, passive and active. the most common sort of passive heat spreader is a plate or block of material having high thermal conductivity, such as copper, aluminum, or diamond. an act...	[ "eat food", "hold hands", "time travel", "fart" ]	B	null
mmlu_aux_1626	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. it is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, meteorology, conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics, statistics, decision analysis,...	[ "fisheries biologists like working in winter most", "fisheries biologists can easily get bored of their work", "fisheries biologists get to fish all the time all year round", "fisheries biologists spend a lot of time working outside in spring and fall" ]	D	null
aquarat_24182	aquarat	<ctx> of event 2 is, as person 2 may have any birthday other than the birthday of person 1. similarly, the probability of event 3 given that event 2 occurred is, as person 3 may have any of the birthdays not already taken by persons 1 and 2. this continues until finally the probability of event 23 given that all preced...	[ "A)632", "B)672", "C)756", "D)744" ]	B	Firstly, there are 9 ways to choose 3 groups from the 4 groups. Hence 9C3. Next, with the 3 groups chosen, there are 2^3 choices of choosing either one of the siblings. Hence, the total number of ways are 9C3 * (2^3) = 672 B
medmcqa_7924	medmcqa	<ctx> , the libsblm library should be installed. starting with version 6. 0. 0 the sundials cvodes integrator is also used. to take advantage of parallel computation ( from version 6. 2. 0 on ) a mpi library needs to be installed. see also comparison of numerical analysis software list of numerical analysis software re...	[ "Fresh water drowning", "Salt water drowning", "Near drowning", "Warm water drowning" ]	A	Ans. Fresh water drowning
medmcqa_3324	medmcqa	<ctx> known. initial adjustment to a new plumbing system. there were a few reported problems in the early stages as plumbers and homeowners learned to adjust to the new fittings, and when connections were poorly or improperly made, but home inspectors have generally not noticed any problems with pex since 2000. limited...	[ "Induction is slow", "Irritant nature of ether increases salivary and bronchial secretions", "Cautery cannot be used", "Affects blood pressure and is liable to produce arrhythmias" ]	D	Ether has high blood solubility (high blood : gas partition coefficient) → induction is slow. It is irritant in nature and increases salivary & respiratory secretions. Blood pressure is maintained because of reflex stimulation and high sympathetic tone. It does not sensitizes the heart to arrhythmogenic action of adren...
medmcqa_387	medmcqa	<ctx> . the us national library of medicine publishes " lactmed, " an up - to - date online database of information on drugs and lactation. geared to both healthcare practitioners and nursing mothers, lactmed contains over 450 drug records with information such as potential drug effects and alternative drugs to conside...	[ "Iron", "Vitamin A", "Niacin", "Energy" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., Iron Required more during lactation as compared to pregnancy : Energy, Vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, Vitamin C, niacin, and Vitamin B12. Required more during pregnancy : Iron, protein, and folate. Same requirment in pregnancy and lactation : Fat, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin B6.
medmcqa_3906	medmcqa	<ctx> ##ten and casein. based on that hypothesis, diets that eliminate foods containing either gluten or casein, or both, are widely promoted, and many testimonials can be found describing benefits in autism - related symptoms, notably social engagement and verbal skills. studies supporting those claims had significant...	[ "Neuroblastoma", "Nephroblastoma", "PCKD. (Polycystic kidney disease)", "All of the above" ]	A	Ans. is 'a' i.e., NeuroblastomaNeuroblastoma - (Ghai 7th/ep. 590)o M.C. Intraabd solid tumor in children,o M.C. site of primary tumor:# Adrenal gland (30%)o Paravertebral retroperitoneal (28%)o Metastasis usually skeletal (facial bone/skull).o May be associated with sweating, diarrhea, hypertension. Cerebellar sign, op...
pubmedqa_110	pubmedqa	<ctx> muir, clive. ( 2006 ). emotions at work. business communication quarterly, 69 ( 4 ). retrieved from psychoinfo database. oginska - bulik, nina. ( 2005 ). emotional intelligence in the workplace : exploring its effects on occupational stress and health outcomes in human service workers. international journal of oc...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	C
medmcqa_8544	medmcqa	<ctx> matrix at the gum line, called dental plaque. other contributors are poor nutrition and underlying medical issues such as diabetes. diabetics must be meticulous with their homecare to control periodontal disease. new finger prick tests have been approved by the food and drug administration in the us, and are bein...	[ "Idiopathic gingival enlargement", "Drug induced gingival enlargement", "Pregnancy gingival enlargement", "Puberty gingival enlargement" ]	A
aquarat_5895	aquarat	<ctx> of use a professor's exam scores are approximately distributed normally with mean 80 and standard deviation 5. only a cumulative from mean table is available. what is the probability that a student scores an 82 or less? what is the probability that a student scores a 90 or more? what is the probability that a stu...	[ "A)I", "B)II", "C)III", "D)III" ]	B	If we order the scores increasingly, then on the 49th place we have the score of 85. There must be 48 scores (those on the right of the 85 score) greater or equal to 85. So, I is necessarily correct. The scores on the left of the 49th place, all have to be equal or less than 85. Since we can have the extreme case of al...
aquarat_17900	aquarat	<ctx> ##35637355132068513997507264512000000000 = 10068347520 this works out to 10, 068, 347, 520, which is much bigger than the ~ 14 million stated above. perm ( 49, 6 ) = 10068347520 and 49 npr 6 = 10068347520. however, the order of the 6 numbers is not significant for the payout. that is, if a ticket has the numbers ...	[ "A)9/25", "B)9/50", "C)18/25", "D)13/20" ]	A	EXPLANATION: S = {1, 2, 3, … , 49, 50} E = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 7, 14, 21, 35, 42, 49} n(S) = 50 n(E) = 18 P(E) = n(E)/n(S) = 18/50 = 9/25 ANSWER IS A
pubmedqa_417	pubmedqa	<ctx> right ventricular outflow tract ( rvot ) in a human patient in 2002. perry in 2003 seeded a p4hb coated pga scaffold with sheep mesenchymal stem cells in vitro ; however, an in vivo study was not performed. in 2004, iwai conducted a study using a poly ( lactic - co - glycolic acid ) plga compounded with collagen ...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
openbookqa_2919	openbookqa	<ctx> complex [ fe ( h2o ) 6 ] so4 appears blue - green because the high - spin complex absorbs photons in the red wavelengths ( figure 19. 39 ). in contrast, the low - spin iron ( ii ) complex k4 [ fe ( cn ) 6 ] appears pale yellow because it absorbs higher - energy violet photons. blue is a color. blue may also refe...	[ "it reflects the same wavelength as fire", "it reflects the same wavelength as coal", "it reflects the same wavelength as the sun", "it reflects the same wavelength as the sea" ]	D
aquarat_15123	aquarat	<ctx> a shorthand for the " print " function ; in others ( notably the bbc basic family ),? is used to address a single - byte memory location. in ocaml, the question mark precedes the label for an optional parameter. in scheme, as a convention, symbol names ending in? are used for predicates, such as odd?, null?, and ...	[ "A)8230", "B)8500", "C)8410", "D)8600" ]	B	9548 + 7314 = 8362 + ? or,? = 9548 + 7314 – 8362 = 8500 Answer B
qasc_1482	qasc	<ctx> bacteria ( ; : bacterium ) are ubiquitous, mostly free - living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. they constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on earth, and are present in most of its habita...	[ "be a medicine", "morph into a virus", "exhibit learned behavior", "cause people to become sick." ]	D
medmcqa_5421	medmcqa	<ctx> , authors retain asterisks for " unattested ", and prefix,,, or for the latter meaning. an alternative is to append the asterisk ( or another symbol, possibly to differentiate between even more cases ) at the end. optimality theory in optimality theory, asterisks are used as " violation marks " in tableau cells t...	[ "Bullous pemphigoid", "Mucus membrane pemphigoid", "Toxic epidermal necrolysis", "Scalded skin syndrome" ]	A	Nikolsky's Sign A bulla can be induced on normal-appearing skin if firm lateral pressure is exerted. It is acharacteristic feature of pemphigus vulgaris Nikolsky's sign absent in- Bullous pemphigoid Positive Nikolsky's Sign Present in Pemphigus vulgaris Pemphigus foliaceus Familial benign pemphigus (Halley- Hailey d...
openbookqa_972	openbookqa	<ctx> and three of its four engines stopped. the crew succeeded in restarting one of the engines after descending. both aircraft suffered serious damage to their engines and exterior surfaces. historical avalanche deposits a hummocky deposit known as the ten thousand hills of tasikmalaya attracted the attention of earl...	[ "a clone", "an emission", "a flood", "a mistake" ]	B
pubmedqa_913	pubmedqa	<ctx> reputation of efficacy in this disorder, and it can be given during pregnancy ( avoiding the risk of pharmaceutical treatment ), with due precautions. but there have been no trials, and dutch experience has shown that almost all mothers recover quickly without it. after recovery the mother may need antidepressant...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	B
openbookqa_1814	openbookqa	<ctx> 1967, introduction to animal behavior : ethology's first century. prentice - hall. klopfer, p. h., 1969, territories and habitats : a study of the use of space by animals. basic books. klopfer, p. h., 1970, editor, behavioral ecology, dickenson publ. klopfer, p. h. and j. p. hailman, eds., 1972, volume 1 - functi...	[ "learned", "found", "intuitive", "useless" ]	C
qasc_5391	qasc	<ctx> in optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components ( the colors of the rainbow ). different wavelengths ( colors ) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. this is a result of the prism material's index of r...	[ "Light", "an image", "water", "rainbow" ]	D
medmcqa_4888	medmcqa	<ctx> composed of many of these units, which are separated by impermeable zones with no cellular connections, called cement lines. collagen and accessory proteins almost all of the organic ( non - mineral ) component of bone is dense collagen type i, which forms dense crosslinked ropes that give bone its tensile streng...	[ "Synthesis of type I collagen", "Mineralisation of osteoid", "Osteoclast function", "Osteoblast formation" ]	A	Ans; a (Synthesis of type I collagen) Ref: Robbins, ed, p. 1279Osteogenesis imperfecta is due to deficiency in the synthesis of Type I collagen structures affected are - bone, joints,eyes, ear, skin and teethCytogenetic abnormality:Mutation in the genes that codes for a1, and a2 chains of collagen autosomal dominant in...
medmcqa_9741	medmcqa	<ctx> the ureters have been resited as a result of surgery, for example due to a kidney transplant or due to past surgery for vesicoureteric reflux, that site may also become narrowed. a narrowed ureter may lead to ureteric enlargement ( ) and cause swelling of the kidneys ( hydronephrosis ). associated symptoms may in...	[ "Stricture", "Rupture", "Postoperative", "Carcinoma prostate" ]	C	The most frequent causes of acute retention Male * Bladder outlet obstruction (the most common cause) * Urethral stricture * Acute urethritis or prostatitis * Phimosis Female * Retroveed gravid uterus * Bladder neck obstruction (rare) Both (Male and female) * Blood clot * Urethral calculus * Rupture of the urethra * Ne...
medmcqa_6248	medmcqa	<ctx> 1. 00 l of water saturated with baso4. 23. public health service standards for drinking water set a maximum of 250 mg / l ( 2. 60 10 – 3 m ) of because of its cathartic action ( it is a laxative ). does natural water that is saturated with caso4 ( “ gyp ” water ) as a result or passing through soil containing gyp...	[ "Soft", "Moderately hard", "Flard", "Very hard" ]	B	Ans. is 'b' i.e., Moderately hard Classification of hardness in waterClassificationLevel of hardness (mEq./litre)a) Soft waterb) Moderately hardc) Hard waterd) Very hard waterLess than 1 (< 50 mg/L)1 - 3 (50 - 150 mg/L)3 - 6 (150 - 300 mg/L)Over 6 (> 300 mg/L)
mmlu_aux_1561	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> the international year of astronomy ( iya2009 ) was a year - long celebration of astronomy that took place in 2009 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of the first recorded astronomical observations with a telescope by galileo galilei and the publication of johannes kepler's astronomia nova in the 17th century...	[ "More young people will take science as their career after a series of IYA events.", "Minorities and females take no interest in astronomy.", "People will have a better knowledge of the contributions of astronomy.", "IYA 2009 is the biggest event that takes place in the year of Ox." ]	C	null
openbookqa_485	openbookqa	<ctx> units, with one very useful unit being molarity, defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. the solute concentration of a solution may be decreased by adding solvent, a process referred to as dilution. the dilution equation is a simple relation between concentrations and volumes of a solution...	[ "the space inside a container", "the height of a container", "the weight of a container", "the length of a container" ]	A
medmcqa_361	medmcqa	<ctx> . in this case the adoption disentangles the genetic relatedness of the twins ( either 50 % or 100 % ) from their family environments. likewise the classic twin study contrasts the differences between identical and fraternal twins within a family compared to differences observed between families. this core design...	[ "AD", "AR", "XLD", "XLR" ]	B	AR
aquarat_754	aquarat	<ctx> and a handmill to grind grainas that part of the ration was issued ungroundtools and cooking implements. together with five days'rations, this weighed about, which was easily within the carrying capacity of eight men and a mule. adding a second mule would allow the to carry an additional 11 to 13 days'rations. th...	[ "A)42", "B)43", "C)46", "D)47" ]	A	A 42 After 10 days : 150 men had food for 35 days. Suppose 125 men had food for x days. Now, Less men, More days (Indirect Proportion) 125 : 150 :: 35 : x 125 x x = 150 x 35 x = (150 x 35)/125 x = 42
aquarat_20901	aquarat	<ctx> 1. 2 • physical quantities and units 21 example 1. 1 unit conversions : a short drive home suppose that you drive the 10. 0 km from your school to home in 20. 0 min. calculate your average speed ( a ) in kilometers per hour ( km / h ) and ( b ) in meters per second ( m / s ). ( note : average speed is distance tr...	[ "A)220", "B)222", "C)223", "D)224" ]	D	distance = speed x time Let time taken to travel the first half = x hr then time taken to travel the second half = (10 - x) hr Distance covered in the the first half = 21x Distance covered in the the second half = 24(10 - x) But distance covered in the the first half = Distance covered in the the second half => 21x = 2...
qasc_546	qasc	<ctx> to heat flow over the covered portion of the body. this thermal resistance causes the temperature on the surface of the clothing to be less than the temperature on the surface of the skin. this smaller temperature gradient between the surface temperature and the ambient temperature will cause a lower rate of heat...	[ "omnivores", "humans", "dogs", "thermometer" ]	B
aquarat_45503	aquarat	<ctx> current, increasing the pressure differential between the two sides. charge can flow " through " a capacitor even though no individual electron can get from one side to the other. as more water flows into the high pressure side, the expanding membrane pushes an equal quantity of water out of the low pressure side...	[ "A)2.9 hrs", "B)8.9 hrs", "C)2.9 hrs", "D)7.2 hrs" ]	D	Net part filled in 1 hour = (1/4 - 1/9) = 5/36 The cistern will be filled in 36/5 hrs i.e., 7.2 hrs. Answer:D
mmlu_aux_2460	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> to reject existing knowledge and become " the enemy " of everything they read ; he expressed that scientists must trust only objective evidence. al - haytham emphasized repeated experimentation and validation, and acknowledged that senses and predisposition could lead to poor conclusions. his work was a precursor...	[ "works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times", "doesn't allow any change even under different conditions", "leave no room for improvement.", "can be used for many purposes" ]	A	null
mmlu_aux_6821	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 1. 2 phases and classification of matter learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • describe the basic properties of each physical state of matter : solid, liquid, and gas • distinguish between mass and weight • apply the law of conservation of matter • classify matter as an element, ...	[ "fluctuating volume", "turned up volume", "turned down volume", "steady volume" ]	A	null
medmcqa_5121	medmcqa	<ctx> of cvd and 20 cigarettes per day increased the risk of cvd by 6 times. women who smoke face up to a 25 % increased risk of developing cad compared to their male counterparts, with studies showing that reduction in smoking decreased the incidence of cad in women by 13 %. furthermore, second - hand smoking may incr...	[ "Fibrates", "Simvastatin", "Niacin", "Cholestyramine" ]	D	Bile acid binding resins like cholestyramine causes increase in triglycerides and are thus contraindicated in patients with hyperiglyceridemia due to risk of development of pancreatitis. Statins - decrease LDL and increase HDL Niacin - decrease LDL and triglyceride, maximum increase in HDL Fibrates - decrease triglycer...
medmcqa_4071	medmcqa	<ctx> personal or family history of bipolar disorder. a significant number of ppp cases, however, occur in individuals with no prior history of psychosis. ( for this reason, first - time pregnancy is itself sometimes considered to be a risk factor for ppp. ) a review of pregnancy - related complications demonstrated so...	[ "Small cell carcinoma of the lungs", "Pancreatic carcinoma", "Gall bladder malignancy", "Medullary carcinoma of thyroid" ]	A	Ans. A: Small cell carcinoma of the lungs Endogenous Cushing's syndrome results from some derangement of the body's own system of secreting coisol. Normally, ACTH is released from the pituitary gland when necessary to stimulate the release of coisol from the adrenal glands. In pituitary Cushing's, a benign pituitary ad...
aquarat_25949	aquarat	<ctx> , 2016, mainly due to lower labor force participation. this was very close to full employment, indicating a strong economy. as of may 2018, there were more job openings ( 6. 6 million ) than people defined as unemployed ( 6. 0 million ) in the u. s. in september 2019, the u. s. unemployment rate dropped to 3. 5 %...	[ "A)20", "B)30", "C)50", "D)80" ]	C	150 employees 80 are full-time 100 have worked at company X for at least a year 20 employees at company X who aren’t full-time and haven’t worked at company X for at least a year. How many full-time employees of company X have worked at the company for at least a year? 150-80=70 employees not full time 70-20= 50 employ...
aquarat_7194	aquarat	<ctx> this list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and probabilities. each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in english - speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that ...	[ "A)11", "B)86", "C)66", "D)55" ]	B	Let the four integers be A, B, C and D where A > B > C > D. (A + B + C + D)/4 = 69 => A + B + C + D = 276 ---> (1) A = 93, D = 39 and B - C = 28 (1) => B + C = 276 - (A + D) = 276 - 132 = 144. B + B -28 = 144 B = (144 + 28)/2 = 86 Answer:B
arc_easy_698	arc_easy	<ctx> 20. 2 • alcohols and ethers 997 chemistry in everyday life carbohydrates and diabetes carbohydrates are large biomolecules made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. the dietary forms of carbohydrates are foods rich in these types of molecules, like pastas, bread, and candy. the name “ carbohydrate ” comes from the...	[ "an atom", "a compound", "an electron", "a mixture" ]	B
aquarat_6717	aquarat	<ctx> win probability is a statistical tool which suggests a sports team's chances of winning at any given point in a game, based on the performance of historical teams in the same situation. the art of estimating win probability involves choosing which pieces of context matter. baseball win probability estimates often...	[ "A)0.8321", "B)0.7", "C)0.8108", "D)0.7531" ]	C	Out of 100 matches: Matt is plays in 80 and not plays in 20. Out of 80 matches Matt plays in, team wins 0.7580 = 60. Out of 20 matches Matt does not play in, team wins 0.720 = 14. So, out of 100 matches 60 + 14 = 74 are won. It is known that the team has won the last match. Out of 74 matches won, Matt is in 60: 60/74...
aquarat_33813	aquarat	<ctx> white balls and black balls is, where the overbar denotes rising factorial. this can be proved by drawing the pascal's triangle of all possible configurations. more generally, if the urn starts with balls of color, with, then after draws, the probability that the urn contains balls of color iswhere we use the mul...	[ "A)903", "B)2209", "C)2878", "D)1210" ]	A	As expected, this question boils down to 2 equation, Consider total number of Balls in Triangle = T and number of balls in last row = x. 1+2+3+...+x = T x(x+1)/2 = T ----(a) As mentioned in the question, side of a square will be (x-8) and total number of Balls in square will be (T+253) (x-8)^2 = T+253 -----(b) Now the ...
arc_easy_1533	arc_easy	<ctx> in geology, rock ( or stone ) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. it is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. rocks form the earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the ...	[ "sandstone", "basalt", "marble", "granite" ]	C
qasc_6360	qasc	<ctx> the rigidity of which varies as per its chemical composition. derivative terms and sundry usages derivative terms include various adjectival forms such as integumentary ( e. g. system ), integumental ( e. g. integumental glands, " peltate glands, the integument being raised like a bladder due to abundant secretio...	[ "immunization", "fur", "fat", "bone" ]	D
mmlu_aux_8643	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##ion. some heat is carried up from the bottom of the mantle by mantle plumes. the heat flow at the earth's surface is about, and it is a potential source of geothermal energy. vibrations seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the earth's interior or along its surface. the entire earth can also oscillat...	[ "amplitude", "fish scales", "oscillation", "ground water" ]	A	null
aquarat_24856	aquarat	<ctx> ##2 compare. employee. numbers. go to compute. pay when detail employno 01013 is equal to master employno, low. detail when detail 01014 employno is less than master employno. 01015 high. detail. move'm'to master errorcode, file master in 01016 error. file. 01017 get master, at end do end. of. masters. 01018 go t...	[ "A)18.75%", "B)33%", "C)30%", "D)50%" ]	B	Let wage of Erica = 10 Wage of Robin = 1.210 = 12 Wage of Charles = 1.6 10 = 16 Percentage by which wage earned by Charles is more than that earned by Robin = (16-12)/12 * 100% = 4/12 * 100% =33% Answer B
arc_challenge_396	arc_challenge	<ctx> 5. 2 calorimetry 14. a 500 - ml bottle of water at room temperature and a 2 - l bottle of water at the same temperature were placed in a refrigerator. after 30 minutes, the 500 - ml bottle of water had cooled to the temperature of the refrigerator. an hour later, the 2 - l of water had cooled to the same temperat...	[ "It will boil.", "It will melt.", "It will freeze.", "It will condense." ]	C
qasc_734	qasc	<ctx> a biomolecule or biological molecule is a loosely used term for molecules present in organisms that are essential to one or more typically biological processes, such as cell division, morphogenesis, or development. biomolecules include the primary metabolites which are large macromolecules ( or polyelectrolytes )...	[ "Animals", "Algae", "Carbohydrates", "health" ]	A
openbookqa_897	openbookqa	<ctx> pingu nods his head. mother then comes in and tells father that she needs a new hat, so they go out to get one, and leave pingu and pinga alone at home again. pingu touches the control stick, and the parcel moves. pinga comes over to watch, as pingu pushes the stick on the remote control full forward. the parcel ...	[ "a corpse", "a child", "a monster", "an adult" ]	D
mmlu_aux_3816	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> cms missions. also in that year, a new launch complex adapting the advanced " three verticals " ( vertical assembly, vertical testing and vertical transport ) strategy was put into service in jiuquan satellite launch center to support cms missions exclusively. on 19 november 1999, shenzhou 1, the first uncrewed s...	[ "Not mentioned.", "3.", "4.", "2." ]	D	null
mmlu_aux_4521	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> real time via satellite images. collection of scientific data continues to drive douglas - hamilton's work with save the elephants, both with the aerial surveys that he pioneered early in his career, and increasingly with modern technology including tracking collared elephants by gps and satellites. save the elep...	[ "African elephants conservation", "Living with African elephants", "African elephants' situation", "African elephants being endangered" ]	A	null
medmcqa_43	medmcqa	<ctx> in asia. every year, about 2, 500 to 3, 500 people become infected with n. meningitidis in the us, with a frequency of about 1 in 100, 000. children younger than five years are at greatest risk, followed by teenagers of high school age. rates in the african meningitis belt were as high as 1 in 1, 000 to 1 in 100 ...	[ "H. influenza", "Neisseria meningitits", "Streptococcus pneumonia", "Enterococcus" ]	A	Chronic Subdural Empyema It may be primary infection of subdural space from sinusitis focus causing suppuration and pus formation. It can be complication of the chronic subdural haematoma. It is due to secondary bacterial infection of collected clot/fluid. Infection is from sinusitis scalp (common)/through earlier trau...
aquarat_38542	aquarat	<ctx> by peter winkler for more information, and see the discussion on les - mathematiques. net. consult the references on 100 prisoners for links to these references. the above computation may be performed in a more simple and direct way, as follows : first note that a permutation of elements contains at most one cycl...	[ "A)270", "B)360", "C)700", "D)600" ]	C	as given 2 out of every 4 bruised apple is not fit to sell or, 50% of the bruised apples are not fit to sell. as per the question 10 are not fit to sell or, 0.50x=10 x=1000/50=20 thus total number of bruised apples =20 total number of apples =35*20=700 Answer: C
openbookqa_169	openbookqa	<ctx> ##s him to stay the night, but, the next morning, orders him to ask if his eldest daughter will become the wolf's wife, otherwise, the wolf and his brother will destroy his kingdom. the king returns home and asks his elder daughter if she consents to become the wolf's wife ; she declines. the next day, he repeats...	[ "den", "field", "tree", "mother." ]	A
arc_easy_541	arc_easy	<ctx> 2. 3 atomic structure and symbolism an atom consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. the nucleus contains protons and neutrons ; its diameter is about 100, 000 times smaller than that of the atom. the mass of one atom is usually expressed in atomic mass units ( amu ), which is refe...	[ "ions and electrons", "electrons and protons", "protons and neutrons", "neutrons and electrons" ]	C
medmcqa_6566	medmcqa	<ctx> is a slow to moderate rate of disease progression but the patient may have periods of rapid progression ( " bursts of destruction " ). chronic periodontitis can be associated with local predisposing factors ( e. g. tooth - related or iatrogenic factors ). the disease may be modified by and be associated with syst...	[ "6-10 years", "10-20 years", "30-40 years", "At any age" ]	B
aquarat_27290	aquarat	<ctx> accommodate tight steamship schedules. having reached paris they hear that a tunnel under the alps is blocked. the thomas cook agent who assists them offers to hire or sell them his hot air balloon. fogg buys it and they fly over the alps drinking champagne. blown off - course, the two accidentally end up in spai...	[ "A)20", "B)40", "C)45", "D)60" ]	A	Ans.(A) Sol. Number of choices to go by ship = 4 Number of choices to return by airline = 5 From, fundamental principle, total number of ways of performing the journey = 4 x 5 = 20 ways
qasc_8046	qasc	<ctx> found in the protist kingdom are red, green and brown algae. kingdom plantae the plantae kingdoms consists of angiosperms - plants that produce seeds or flower as a part of their reproductive system. about 0. 085 % of the 300, 000 angiosperms believed to exist can be found in marine like environments. some exampl...	[ "dark corners", "soils", "outside", "on Mars" ]	C
arc_easy_2013	arc_easy	<ctx> 2. 7 • falling objects 71 figure 2. 37 a hammer and a feather will fall with the same constant acceleration if air resistance is considered negligible. this is a general characteristic of gravity not unique to earth, as astronaut david r. scott demonstrated on the moon in 1971, where the acceleration due to gravi...	[ "gravity", "magnetism", "mechanical", "friction" ]	A
medmcqa_1429	medmcqa	<ctx> . stem cells, on the other hand, have the ability to divide for indefinite periods and to give rise to specialized cells. they are best described in the context of normal human development. development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organis...	[ "There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult", "Phosphatase absent in fetal cells", "Proteinase is absent in fetus", "Absence of CD kinase" ]	A	A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein is a protein which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase. Several function as tumor suppressor genes. Cell cycle progression is negatively controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (called CDIs, CKIs or CDKIs). CDIs are involved in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase.
openbookqa_1850	openbookqa	<ctx> shade trees and creation of wind breaks permeable paving materials to reduce stormwater run - off and allow rain water to infiltrate into the ground and replenish groundwater rather than run into surface water use of sustainably harvested wood, composite wood products for decking and other garden uses, as well as...	[ "be negatively disrupted forever", "be made much worse", "be altered in damaging ways", "adjust in positive ways" ]	D
medmcqa_440	medmcqa	<ctx> opening of the coronary arteries ( usually by way of the aortic root ) and / or to the cardiac veins ( by way of the coronary sinus ). these delivery methods are referred to antegrade and retrograde, respectively. cardioplegia solution protects the heart by arresting ( i. e. stopping ) the heart, thereby decreasi...	[ "Subscapular aery", "Superior thoracic aery", "Thyrocervical trunk", "Suprascapular aery" ]	B	A rich anastomosis exists around the scapula between branches of subclan aery (first pa) and the axillary aery (third pa). This anastomosis provides a collateral circulation through which blood can flow to the limb when the distal pa of subclan aery or the proximal pa of axillary aery is blocked. Scapular anastomoses o...

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