id string | dataset string | question string | options list | answer string | explanation string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
medmcqa_4235 | medmcqa | <ctx>
such as lead white and verdigris ) ; can corrode bindings ; will not easily adhere to parchment and tend to flake off ; cannot readily be consolidated with gelatin. ultramarine β very stable to light but very unstable with acids ; becomes friable and will crumble if outer skin is scraped, although this is hard to... | [
"Spectrometry",
"UV rays",
"Infrared rays",
"LASER"
] | B | Ref: the synopsis of forensic medicine &toxicology-Dr.K.S. Narayana reddy 28th edition pg no:236 proof of semen: the only absolute prrof of semen is the finding of atl;east one unbroken spermatozoon,or electrophoretic LDH isoenzyme detection of sperms. in the absence of spermatozoa, a stain which gives characteristic f... |
medmcqa_3391 | medmcqa | <ctx>
discussed in a separate section below. patients are said to have failed treatment if they fail to respond to treatment ( cough and sputum production persisting throughout the whole of treatment ), or only experience a transient response to treatment ( the patient gets better at first, but then get worse again, al... | [
"Transformation",
"Transduction",
"Conjugation",
"Mutation"
] | D | Drug resistance in M.tb is by Mutation in Chromosomes Metabolic defects occur as a result of mutation Eg - M.tb is normally catalase +ve INH resistant M.tb are Catalase -ve |
arc_easy_1785 | arc_easy | <ctx>
from one human language to another, that exercise judgment'on the basis of previous experience ( for instance, they offer medical diagnoses and prescribe medical procedures ), and that seem to think and reason in ways that are distinguishable from the human processes only in being more reliable and exceedingly fa... | [
"Varied approaches can yield successful technologies.",
"Not all technologies behave according to scientific laws.",
"The development of science and technology are independent.",
"Technology results more from practice than from scientific knowledge."
] | A | |
medmcqa_5160 | medmcqa | <ctx>
benefit the economy. weather forecasts ( figure 9. 7 ) are the result of thousands of measurements of air pressure, temperature, and the like, which are compiled, modeled, and analyzed in weather centers worldwide. chemistry in everyday life measuring blood pressure blood pressure is measured using a device calle... | [
"Is lower than the intraaerial pressure",
"Is higher than the intraaerial pressure",
"Is same as the intraaerial pressure",
"Is the same with different cuff sizes"
] | B | At the point at which systolic pressure in the aery just exceeds the cuff pressure, a spu of blood passes through with each heabeat and, synchronously with each beat, a tapping sound is heard below the cuff.Ref: Ganong&;s Review of Medical Physiology 25th Edition. Page: 577 |
aquarat_2363 | aquarat | <ctx>
, expressed in multiples of? 94 2 β’ problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 33. an unwary football player collides with a padded goalpost while running at a velocity of 7. 50 m / s and comes to a full stop after compressing the padding and his body 0. 350 m. ( a ) what is his deceleration? ( b ) how... | [
"A)171",
"B)150",
"C)278",
"D)266"
] | B | Let the length of the train be x m and its speed be y m/sec.
Then, x/y = 15 => y = x/15
(x + 100)/25 = x/15 => x
= 150 m.
Answer:B |
aquarat_744 | aquarat | <ctx>
and possibly much more, will be required by direct defense needs by the end of the year. these manpower needs will call both for increasing our labor force by reducing unemployment and drawing in women and older workers, and for lengthening hours of work in essential industries. according to the bureau of labor s... | [
"A)9%",
"B)15%",
"C)29%",
"D)50%"
] | C | Let's plug in somenicenumbers and see what's needed.
Let's say the employee used to make $1/hour and worked 100 hours/week
So, the TOTAL weekly income was $100/week
After the 40% wage increase, the employee makes $1.40/hour
We want the employee's income to remain at $100/week.
So, we want ($1.40/hour)(new # of hours) =... |
openbookqa_318 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the range of, they exhibit reduced deviations caused by gravitational orientation changes. as a result, errors caused by spatial orientation and positioning become less of a concern. inhibition compensation many inexpensive quartz clocks and watches use a rating and compensation technique known as inhibition comp... | [
"when ascertaining what time it is",
"when tracking split times on runs",
"when setting an alarm clock",
"when ascertaining answers on a times table test"
] | B | |
medmcqa_9854 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##r leopoldina von 1652 ( 1998 ) american academy of microbiology ( 1994 ) robert - koch - medal in gold for lifelong achievements in infectious diseases from the robert - koch - stiftung, berlin ( 2012 ) certificate of special congressional recognition. 2012. village times herald " man of the year in medicine " ... | [
"Type I is responsible for most epidemics",
"Very difficult to eliminate Type I",
"Type I responsible for vaccine paralytic polio myelitis",
"Type I most commonly associated with paralysis"
] | C | Poliovirus type 1 ia responsible for most epidemics of paralytic poliomyelitis. ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO:490 |
mmlu_aux_2225 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
countries is rapidly catching up with the area sown in industrial nations. according to the international service for the acquisition of agri - biotech applications ( isaaa ), gm crops were grown by approximately 8. 5 million farmers in 21 countries in 2005 ; up from 8. 25 million farmers in 17 countries in 2004.... | [
"The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better.",
"There are more cloned plants than normal plants.",
"Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature.",
"People should avoid eating cloned fruits."
] | C | null |
medmcqa_9076 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) globally. the triad of protein leaking into the urine (... | [
"Hematuria",
"Hypeension",
"Renal failure",
"Erythrocytosis"
] | D | PKD is autosomal dominant; 2 chromosomes involved - 16 & 4; abnormal protein involved is Polycystin. Bilateral kidneys are replaced with multiple cyst. |
openbookqa_2652 | openbookqa | <ctx>
the coal question ; an inquiry concerning the progress of the nation, and the probable exhaustion of our coal mines is a book that economist william stanley jevons wrote in 1865 to explore the implications of britain's reliance on coal. given that coal was a finite, non - renewable energy resource, jevons raised ... | [
"a mean fairy-godmother",
"pinecones",
"happiness",
"a troll"
] | B | |
aquarat_7736 | aquarat | <ctx>
1. 50 km, and the distance traveled was 1. 50 km. discussion distance is a scalar. it has magnitude but no sign to indicate direction. example 2. 4 calculating acceleration : a subway train speeding up suppose the train in figure 2. 18 ( a ) accelerates from rest to 30. 0 km / h in the first 20. 0 s of its motion... | [
"A)10 s",
"B)6 s",
"C)14 s",
"D)8 s"
] | C | DETAILED SOLUTION
Speed of A = 54β1000/60β60 = 15 m/s
Speed of B = 36β1000/60β60 = 10 m/s
Relative speed = S1 + S2 = 15 + 10 m/s = 25 m/s
The length that needs to be crossed = length of train B = 150 m. Therefore time taken = 150/25 = 6s.
What is the time taken for trains to completely cross each other? The length that... |
mmlu_aux_1844 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
through observation it has been found that organisms typically respond to changes in weather and temperature by either moving to an environment in which these factors match what they are already accustomed to or staying in their current environment and consequently become acclimated to the new conditions. in a st... | [
"Climate change has even affected plankton negatively.",
"Birds have suffered more from climate change than fish.",
"Cold-blooded animals become smaller because of the lack of food.",
"The warming event has never happened in Earth's history before."
] | A | null |
medmcqa_950 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, e ; eden, c ; hogg, t ; northcott, p ; mack, s ; neale, g ; wang, y ; coyle, b ; atkinson, j ; dewire, m ; kranenburg, ta ; gillespie, y ; allen, jc ; merchant, t ; boop, fa ; sanford, ra ; gajjar, a. β nature β, july 2010 adult ependymal tumors : prognosis and the m. d. anderson cancer center experience. armst... | [
"Astrocytoma",
"Pituitary adenoma",
"Craniopharyngioma",
"Sphenoidal wing meningioma"
] | D | "Meningiomas are the most common intracranial tumor to extend to the orbit".......... Ophthalmic oncology
Meningiomas commonly arise from the dura of sphenoid wing, i.e. sphenoid wing meningioma. |
medmcqa_5348 | medmcqa | <ctx>
thin, unequal, flexible delrin components : an outside, standard - shaped frame and an inner, smaller structure. the pericardial cusps were mounted inside the outer frame and were kept in position by the inner frame which is smaller and much thinner than the outer one. through this arrangement, the lower parts of... | [
"Splitting the muscles laterally",
"Cutting the muscles laterally",
"Cutting the muscles medially into the rectus sheath",
"Incising vertically along the rectus muscle"
] | B | |
openbookqa_713 | openbookqa | <ctx>
between the force vector and the displacement vector.
introduction 100 3. 2 vector addition and subtraction : graphical methods 102 3. 3 vector addition and subtraction : analytical methods 111 3. 4 projectile motion 117 3. 5 addition of velocities 126 glossary 135 section summary 135 conceptual questions 137 pr... | [
"requires more might",
"requires little strength",
"should be easy",
"should be avoided"
] | A | |
openbookqa_905 | openbookqa | <ctx>
7. 8 work, energy, and power in humans 44. ( a ) how long can you rapidly climb stairs ( 116 / min ) on the 93. 0 kcal of energy in a 10. 0 - g pat of butter? ( b ) how many flights is this if each flight has 16 stairs? 45. ( a ) what is the power output in watts and horsepower of a 70. 0 - kg sprinter who accele... | [
"Eat a cucumber",
"Go running",
"Eat dust",
"Go swimming"
] | A | |
qasc_2323 | qasc | <ctx>
plant - pollinator interactions leading to major conservation implications within this group. destruction of populations habitat fragmentation has a major impact on animal specie populations because it deprives species of what they are naturally accustomed to. this makes the species isolated, reduces the area whe... | [
"influenza",
"assistance",
"pollution",
"distractions"
] | C | |
medmcqa_2593 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##in, pepsin ), extracellular proteinases ( matrix metalloproteinases, adamtss, cathepsins ) and antioxidant enzymes ( extracellular superoxide dismutase ). often, proteins present in the extracellular space are stored outside the cells by attaching to various extracellular matrix components ( collagens, proteogl... | [
"Saliva",
"Bile",
"Pancreatic juice",
"Succus entericus"
] | C | Pancreatic juice contains lipase, colipase, phospholipase A & B Colipase: Facilitates the action of lipase Prevents inactivation of lipase by bile salts SALIVA: 2 types of secretion 1. Serous: contains ptyalin (a amylase ) - digest carbs 2. Mucus: contains mucin - for lubrication & protection STOMACH: Mucus neck cells ... |
medmcqa_3140 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) globally. the triad of protein leaking into the urine (... | [
"Hydrochlorothiazide",
"Enalapril",
"Amiloride",
"Aspirin"
] | B | Antihypeensive drugs in Diabetes MellitusACE inhibitors (enalapril) or angiotensin receptor blockers are the first line of therapy in hypeensive individuals with type 2 DM.They have no known adverse action on glucose or lipid metabolism.Minimize the development of diabetic nephropathy (by reducing renal vascular resist... |
aquarat_40870 | aquarat | <ctx>
be preferred ). the break - even algorithm the break - even algorithm instructs one to rent for 9 days and buy skis on the morning of day 10 if one is still up for skiing. if one has to stop skiing during the first 9 days, it costs the same as what one would pay if one had known the number of days one would go sk... | [
"A)Rs. 4500",
"B)Rs. 4800",
"C)Rs. 5250",
"D)Rs. 7380"
] | D | The ratio in which the four agencies will be paying the rents = 15 * 12 : 12 * 20 : 18 * 18 : 16 * 15
= 180 : 240 : 324 : 240 = 45 : 60 : 81 : 60
Let us consider the four amounts to be 45k, 60k, 81k and 60k respectively.
The total rent paid by the four agencies = 45k + 60k + 81k + 60k= 246k
It is given that A paid Rs. ... |
medmcqa_2943 | medmcqa | <ctx>
- catenin mediated process. regulation little is known of the regulation of satellite cells. whilst together pax3 and pax7 currently form the definitive satellite markers, pax genes are notoriously poor transcriptional activators. the dynamics of activation and quiesence and the induction of the myogenic program ... | [
"Troponin",
"Myosin",
"Actin",
"Protein-C"
] | A | |
mmlu_aux_3476 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##el - like blade, which is a modified scale, on either side of the caudal peduncle. some herrings, anchovies, and halfbeaks have deciduous scales, which are easily shed and aid in escaping predators. male percina darters have a row of enlarged caducous scales between the pelvic fins and the anus. porcupine fishe... | [
"Trypsin.",
"Acid",
"The stomach.",
"Protein in its body."
] | A | null |
medmcqa_7727 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) and end - stage renal disease ( esrd ) globally. the triad of protein leaking into the urine (... | [
"Disseminated intravascular coagulation",
"Multiple myeloma",
"Polycystic kidney disease",
"Pyelonephritis"
] | A | Diffuse coical necrosis, as described in this patient, is usually seen in the setting of disseminated intravascular coagulation, typically in the context of overwhelming sepsis. It can also be seen following hypotension combined with vasoconstriction. Multiple myeloma is associated with renal deposition of amyloid prot... |
mmlu_aux_4066 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
scientific papers in 2016. chinese - born academicians have won prestigious prizes in the sciences and in mathematics, although most of them had conducted their winning research in western nations. space program the chinese space program started in 1958 with some technology transfers from the soviet union. howeve... | [
"He walked in space to enjoy the beautiful space scenery.",
"He fetched a sample of solid lubricant and passed it to his colleague.",
"He waved a red Chinese national flag madly for twenty minutes.",
"He made an experiment with his colleague Liu Boming."
] | B | null |
qasc_5551 | qasc | <ctx>
, including echinoderms and tunicates. it has not been definitively established whether the existence of these brainless species indicates that the earliest bilaterians lacked a brain, or whether their ancestors evolved in a way that led to the disappearance of a previously existing brain structure. invertebrates... | [
"barnacles",
"backbone",
"Weight",
"exoskeleton"
] | B | |
aquarat_42477 | aquarat | <ctx>
). the first few digits after the 02 indicate the original mobile network that issued the number. telephone numbers must always be dialled in full for mobile phones. in the late 1990s however, telecom mobile phones could dial other telecom mobile phones without the ( then ) 025 prefix, making 025 act like a landl... | [
"A)256485",
"B)362880",
"C)125425",
"D)0"
] | B | We have to multiply 1 to 9 to find the answer.
Therefore 1*2*3*4*5*6*7*8*9=362880
Answer is B |
medmcqa_2842 | medmcqa | <ctx>
at some risk of experiencing disruptive hypoglycemia while driving, there is a subgroup of type 1 drivers who are more vulnerable to such events. given the above research findings, it is recommended that drivers with type 1 diabetes with a history of driving mishaps should never drive when their bg is less than 7... | [
"Chlorpropamide",
"Glibenclamide",
"Glicazide",
"Glipizide"
] | A | |
medmcqa_8937 | medmcqa | <ctx>
5. 3 elasticity : stress and strain 29. during a circus act, one performer swings upside down hanging from a trapeze holding another, also upside - down, performer by the legs. if the upward force on the lower performer is three times her weight, how much do the bones ( the femurs ) in her upper legs stretch? you... | [
"Decrease in the number of individual muscle fibers in the muscle.",
"Decrease in blood flow to the muscle caused by constriction from the cast.",
"Temporary reduction in actin and myosin protein synthesis",
"Progressive denervation."
] | C | Skeletal muscle continuously remodels in response to its level of use. When a muscle is inactive for an extended period, the rate of synthesis of the contractile proteins in individual muscle fibers decreases, resulting in an overall reduction in muscle mass. This reversible reduction in muscle mass is called atrophy. |
mmlu_aux_8253 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
complementary set of edges that do not belong to the spanning forest. the number of independent cycles in algebraic graph theory, the circuit rank is also the dimension of the cycle space of. intuitively, this can be explained as meaning that the circuit rank counts the number of independent cycles in the graph, ... | [
"shrunk",
"produced pine cones",
"had mistletoe",
"grown"
] | D | null |
qasc_5864 | qasc | <ctx>
, or petroleum solvents, such as white spirits, is recommended. sterilization for textiles infested with mold ( including insects ), the infested textiles must be closed in a container with thymol crystals. after treatment with thymol crystals, a solution of 0. 5 % to 1 % of lysol is used. other disinfection solu... | [
"Chlorophyll",
"bacteria",
"mushrooms",
"bushes"
] | C | |
medmcqa_5381 | medmcqa | <ctx>
trigeminal nerve carries general somatic afferent fibers ( gsa ), which innervate the skin of the face via ophthalmic ( v1 ), maxillary ( v2 ) and mandibular ( v3 ) divisions. the trigeminal nerve also carries special visceral efferent ( sve ) axons, which innervate the muscles of mastication via the mandibular (... | [
"A = True, B = False, C = True, D = True, E = True",
"A = False, B = True, C = True, D = False, E = False",
"A = True, B = True, C = False, D = True, E = True",
"A = False, B = True, C = False, D = False, E = True"
] | A | Frontalis is attached to orbicularis oculi and not to bone. |
mmlu_aux_4119 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
sedate locomotion is seen in the stick insects or walking sticks ( phasmatodea ). a few insects have evolved to walk on the surface of the water, especially members of the gerridae family, commonly known as water striders. a few species of ocean - skaters in the genus halobates even live on the surface of open oc... | [
"can fly here and there at night",
"can be used as Christmas lights",
"can give off light at night",
"1ives happily in the trees"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_896 | medmcqa | <ctx>
measures to limit current in cardiac - connected circuits to the assumed safe levels of below 10 ΞΌa ( microampere ). these measures include isolated patient connections, high impedance connections and current limiting circuits. despite the in - built protections, and lack of observed incidents, microshock continu... | [
"Increases liver glycogenolysis",
"Causes broachiolar constriction",
"Evokes extrasystoles in the heart",
"Produces restlessness and anxiety"
] | B | |
arc_easy_1395 | arc_easy | <ctx>
a satellite system is a set of gravitationally bound objects in orbit around a planetary mass object ( incl. sub - brown dwarfs and rogue planets ) or minor planet, or its barycenter. generally speaking, it is a set of natural satellites ( moons ), although such systems may also consist of bodies such as circumpl... | [
"Earth",
"Mercury",
"the Sun",
"the Moon"
] | D | |
openbookqa_114 | openbookqa | <ctx>
orange solution. ( credit : modification of work by mark ott ) link to learning visit this virtual lab ( http : / / openstax. org / l / 16phetsugar ) to view simulations of the dissolution of common covalent and ionic substances ( sugar and salt ) in water. water is used so often as a solvent that the word soluti... | [
"watery",
"the same",
"similar to object",
"full of life"
] | C | |
mmlu_aux_3325 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
winds, and tornadoes, as well as damage itself and flash flooding. the program was called skywarn, and the spotters were local sheriff's deputies, state troopers, firefighters, ambulance drivers, amateur radio operators, civil defense ( now emergency management ) spotters, storm chasers, and ordinary citizens. wh... | [
"by using information of the appearance of the clouds only",
"by collecting data from parts of the world",
"by collecting and analyzing the data",
"by watching the sky"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_1908 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and patients after transplantation and cardiac surgery, even with regional citrate anticoagulation. in 1986, the term continuous renal replacement therapy was applied to all these continuous approaches. the technology and terminology were expanded to include slow continuous ultrafiltration for fluid removal witho... | [
"Initiation",
"Maintenance",
"Diuretic Phase",
"Recovery Phase"
] | B | Answer is B (Maintenance) Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy should be initiated during the Maintenance phase (Oliguric Phase) of Acute Renal Failure. Maintenance phase refers to the phase of Renal Failure in which the renal injury becomes established. It is also known as the Oliguric Phase. During this phase the GFR... |
medmcqa_4555 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, which are colorless gases when uncombined. free sodium, an element that is a soft, shiny, metallic solid, and free chlorine, an element that is a yellow - green gas, combine to form sodium chloride ( table salt ), a compound that is a white, crystalline solid. a mixture is composed of two or more types of matte... | [
"a) Polymerization",
"b) Stereoisomerism",
"c) Racemization",
"d) Fractionation"
] | C | Racemic Mixture - Equimolar mixture of optical isomers which has no net reaction of plane polarized light. |
medmcqa_5346 | medmcqa | <ctx>
when the diagnosis is unclear or before starting a potentially hepatotoxic medical therapy. the easl suggests using fibrosis tests such as elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, and serum biomarkers to reduce the number of biopsies. in follow up, nice guidelines recommend that healthcare provider... | [
"Adrenal hemorrhage",
"Pheochromocytoma",
"Wolman's disease",
"Addison's disaease"
] | C | Wolman disease is caused by mutations in the lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA) gene and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait.
Wolman disease is the most severe expression of LAL deficiency; a milder form of LAL deficiency is known as cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD). |
pubmedqa_765 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
##ten and casein. based on that hypothesis, diets that eliminate foods containing either gluten or casein, or both, are widely promoted, and many testimonials can be found describing benefits in autism - related symptoms, notably social engagement and verbal skills. studies supporting those claims had significant... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
qasc_1692 | qasc | <ctx>
sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at earth's surface, followed by cementation. sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place. the particles that form a sedimentary rock are called... | [
"Sand dollars",
"soft soil",
"jury",
"sandstone"
] | D | |
medmcqa_6072 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, windhorst, u., and merletti, r. ( 2010 ) is the stabilization of quiet upright stance in humans driven by synchronized modulations of the activity of medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles? j appl physiol 108 : 85 - 97 reviews windhorst, u., hamm, t. m. and stuart, d. g. ( 1989 ) : on the function of muscle a... | [
"It contains postganglionic parasympathetic neurons",
". It gives rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers",
"It gives rise to a spinothalamic tract",
"It is present at all spinal cord levels"
] | B | It gives rise to preganglionic sympathetic fibers Lateral horns carry the autonomic neurons Posterior horns have sensory & anterior horns have motor neurons. |
medmcqa_3669 | medmcqa | <ctx>
efficiently builds up a product virtually. thus any changes to be made in its design can be reflected into its physical properties, supply chain, distribution channel and ultimately into the customer view ; without physically manufacturing the product. vpd encompasses a wide variety of software tools to cover a p... | [
"Left to right shunt",
"Pansystolic mormor",
"Reverse spliting of S2",
"Left atrial hypertrophy"
] | C | Hemodynamics of VSD
A VSD results in shunting of oxygenated blood from left to right because left ventricle has more pressure than right β Left to right shunt.
Blood flow from left to right ventricle due to high pressure gradient β Pansystolic murmur and systolic thrill.
Because left ventricle starts contracting befor... |
medmcqa_6414 | medmcqa | <ctx>
delayed by the controversy over mandatory versus voluntary reporting. finally in 2005, the us congress passed the long - debated patient safety and quality improvement act, establishing a federal reporting database. hospitals reports of serious patient harm are voluntary, collected by patient safety organizations... | [
"Therapeutic misadventure",
"Vicarious liability",
"Therapeutic privilege",
"Diminished liability"
] | A | Ans. (A). Therapeutic misadventure(Ref: The Essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology by KS Narayan Reddy. 33rd edition 2010. Pg: 38)Civil negligenceSimple absence of skill & careCriminal negligenceGross absence of skill & careContributory NegligenceBoth doctor and patient are negligentCorporate NegligenceFailure ... |
qasc_5578 | qasc | <ctx>
10. 7 gyroscopic effects : vector aspects of angular momentum 48. integrated concepts the axis of earth makes a 23. 5Β° angle with a direction perpendicular to the plane of earth β s orbit. as shown in figure 10. 39, this axis precesses, making one complete rotation in 25, 780 y. ( a ) calculate the change in angu... | [
"Water",
"temperature",
"The atmosphere",
"Environment"
] | D | |
pubmedqa_334 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
rates of cardiovascular disease and other health risks in british civil servants and found that, even when lifestyle factors were controlled for, members of lower status in the institution showed increased mortality and morbidity on a sliding downward scale from their higher status counterparts. the negative aspe... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
aquarat_32451 | aquarat | <ctx>
in the square, in such a way that each point in the square is equally likely to be hit. since the square has area 1, the probability that the dart will hit any particular subregion of the square is equal to the area of that subregion. for example, the probability that the dart will hit the right half of the squar... | [
"A)2/5",
"B)3/7",
"C)2/3",
"D)2/5"
] | C | Ashwini hits the target definitely, hence required probability that atleast 2 shots hit the target is given by
Karan hits tha target and Raja not hit the target.
or
Karan does not hit the target and Raja hits the target.
or.
Karan hits the target and Raja hits the target
= 2/6 x 3/6 + 4/6 x 3/6 + 2/6 x 3/6
= 24/36 = 2/... |
medmcqa_6037 | medmcqa | <ctx>
gallbladder ( known as courvoisier's sign ) may also raise suspicion, and can help differentiate pancreatic cancer from gallstones. medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography ( ct scan ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) are used both to confirm the diagnosis and to help decide whether the tumor can ... | [
"Appendix",
"Liver",
"Intestines",
"Pancreas"
] | A | .CARCINOID TUMOUR It commonly occurs in appendix (65%), ileum (25%), other pas of GIT and rarely bronchus, testis, ovary. In the small intestine, carcinoids are most often seen within the terminal 2 feet of the ileum. * They arise from the enterochromaffin cells (Kulchitsky cells) found in the crypts of Lieberkuhn. * T... |
mmlu_aux_2375 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
##ing sediments. this hypothesis is supported by a groundwater model and by sulfates discovered in a wide area. at first, by examining surface materials with opportunity rover, scientists discovered that groundwater had repeatedly risen and deposited sulfates. later studies with instruments on board the mars reco... | [
"such caves could provide energy for life",
"they had finally found the caves on Mars",
"such caves would be perfect places to hunt for life",
"scientists had long been looking for these caves"
] | B | null |
aquarat_33707 | aquarat | <ctx>
" safe " duration, which should have higher probability of completion ( perhaps 90 % or 95 %, depending on the amount of risk that the organization can accept ). other software implementations go through the duration estimate of every task and remove a fixed percentage to be aggregated into the buffers. resources... | [
"A)18",
"B)21",
"C)24",
"D)27"
] | B | A's rate is 1/20 of the project per day.
B's rate is 1/30 of the project per day.
The combined rate is 1/12 of the project per day.
In the last 15 days, B can do 1/2 of the project.
Thus A and B must complete 1/2 of the project, which takes 6 days.
The total number of days is 6 + 15 = 21.
The answer is B. |
medmcqa_8445 | medmcqa | <ctx>
diseases. in addition, the overwhelming majority of disease - causing mutations in mendelian loci can be found within the coding region. with the goal of finding methods to best detect harmful mutations and successfully diagnose patients, researchers are looking to the exome for clues to aid in this process. whol... | [
"Addison's disease",
"Vincristine",
"Diuretic therapy",
"Craniphyrangioma"
] | B | Answer- B. VincristineAcute kidney injury (AKI) (ARF)CirrhosisNephrotic syndromeCardiac failureAnti cancer drugs |
medmcqa_6274 | medmcqa | <ctx>
original source organisms. fungi - based industries are sometimes considered to be a major part of a growing bioeconomy, with applications under research and development including use for textiles, meat substitution and general fungal biotechnology. therapeutic uses modern chemotherapeutics many species produce m... | [
"Tinea capitis",
"Tinea cruris",
"Tinea versicolor",
"Tinea pedis"
] | C | Ans. (C) Tinea versicolor(Ref: CMDT -2010/110)Griseofulvin is used for dermatophytoses including Tinea capitis, Tinea cruris, Tinea pedis, Tinea unguum and Tinea corporis etc.Tinea versicolor is caused by a yeast Malassezia furfur. It is treated by selenium sulfide and ketoconazole shampoo. |
medmcqa_3259 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and the most common symptom reported by women of all races is shortness of breath. other symptoms more commonly reported by women than men are extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, indigestion, and anxiety. however, some women do experience irregular heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, and nausea. burning, pain, or pr... | [
"Centriacinar",
"Obstructed",
"Distalacinar",
"Panacinar"
] | A | Ans. is A Centriacinar Types of emphysema 1) Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema o Centriacinar emphysema is the most common type of emphysema seen clinically. It is chracterized by involvement of respiratory bronchioles, i.e. central (proximal) part of the acinus. Occurs predominantly in heavy smokers and usually c... |
medmcqa_1713 | medmcqa | <ctx>
but today the world health organization takes a more broad approach, that the principles of palliative care should be applied as early as possible to any chronic and ultimately fatal illness. palpation β is the process of using one's hands to check the body, especially while perceiving / diagnosing a disease or i... | [
"T3",
"T4",
"TSH",
"Thyroglobulin"
] | C | |
aquarat_41763 | aquarat | <ctx>
= 18 ) / / input width ( input [ w - 1 : 0 ] bin, / / binary output reg [ w + ( w - 4 ) / 3 : 0 ] bcd ) ; / / bcd {..., thousands, hundreds, tens, ones } integer i, j ; always @ ( bin ) begin for ( i = 0 ; i < = w + ( w - 4 ) / 3 ; i = i + 1 ) bcd [ i ] = 0 ; / / initialize with zeros bcd [ w - 1 : 0 ] = bin ; / ... | [
"A)18",
"B)24",
"C)42",
"D)81"
] | B | Explanation:
Let the ten's and unit's digit be x and 8/x respectively.
Then,
(10x + 8/x) + 18 = 10 * 8/x + x
9x2 + 18x - 72 = 0
x2 + 2x - 8 = 0
(x + 4)(x - 2) = 0
x = 2
So, ten's digit = 2 and unit's digit = 4.
Hence, required number = 24.
ANSWER IS B |
medmcqa_85 | medmcqa | <ctx>
recovery operation : emergency services upper romerrike fire and rescue - initial responding force. later relieved by other agencies. lower romerrike fire and rescue β close partners with upper romerrike fire and rescue. responded with mutual aid to the landslide area. oslo fire and rescue service β initial usar ... | [
"Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 60 min after thrombolysis",
"Persistent chest pain with ST elevation > 30 min after thrombolysis",
"Persistent Chest pain with ST elevation >90 min after thrombolysis",
"Pain with ST elevation for >120minutes after thrombolysis"
] | C | Option C = Rescue P.C.I. After thrombolysis ST Elevation begin to reduce If ST Elevation persisting in spite of thrombolysis. So it's failure of thrombolysis | within 90 minutes Rescue PCI Types of PCI Primary PCI done for STEMI (Door to device time < 90 minutes). Delayed PCI done for Unstable Angina NSTEMI Rescue PCI ... |
aquarat_27749 | aquarat | <ctx>
of event 2 is, as person 2 may have any birthday other than the birthday of person 1. similarly, the probability of event 3 given that event 2 occurred is, as person 3 may have any of the birthdays not already taken by persons 1 and 2. this continues until finally the probability of event 23 given that all preced... | [
"A)4% of a",
"B)6% of a",
"C)8% of a",
"D)10% of a"
] | A | 20% of a = b -> 20/100 a = b
b% of 20 = b/100*20 = 4% of a
ANSWER A |
mmlu_aux_2133 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
, slightly curved talons, indicating a diverse diet that can extend to relatively large prey given the opportunity. known foods have included large insects ( i. e. grasshoppers and beetles ), birds, small mammals ( especially rodents including many mice and rats ), and reptiles, largely snakes. in one instance, a... | [
"illegal hunting",
"the destruction of the forests",
"another kind of owl",
"environmental pollution"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_4127 | medmcqa | <ctx>
and the Β« dark side Β» of drug addiction. nat. neuroscience, 2005, 8, 1442 β 1444. in general journals le moal m., simon h. dopamine mesocorticolimbic network : functional and regulatory roles. physiol. rev., 1991, 71, 155 β 234. abrous d. n., koehl m., le moal m. adult neurogenesis : from precursors to network an... | [
"Increased NE, and decreased GABA and serotonin",
"Decreased NE and serotonin, and increased Ach",
"Decreased GABA and Ach",
"Increased serotonin, and decreased NE and GABA"
] | A | There are various neurotransmitters that is studied under the neurobiology of anxiety they are mainly as follows decreased GABA, hence benzodiazepines which acts on GABA is a onderful anti anxiety drug decrased serotonin , hence SSRI are used in management of all anxiety disorders increased norepinephrine, thus propono... |
arc_challenge_661 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
many millions of years of depositional or crystalline record are erased ( mostly silurian to pleistocene rocks ) by regional erosion processes and continent building phases. a large time gap is important in this context to correlate where and when this event occurred with respect to both local and surrounding geo... | [
"decaying",
"an earthquake",
"a landslide",
"weathering"
] | D | |
medmcqa_4196 | medmcqa | <ctx>
higher risk of bladder cancer compared to people who have never smoked. passive smoking also appears to be a risk. opium consumption increases the risk of bladder cancer by 3 - fold and concurrent use of opium and smoking increases the risk of bladder cancer by 5 times compared to the general population. occupati... | [
"Treponema pallidum",
"HPV",
"EBV",
"HHV6"
] | B | Ans. (b) HPV.The image shows dry, raised verrucous lesions caused by human papilloma called as Condylomata acuminat.Image source- style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, serif"> |
aquarat_26839 | aquarat | <ctx>
20. 50
. 98 10. 99 10. 100
< 9. 99 : order = 50 if 9. 99 < = price < 19. 99 : order = 30 if price > = 19. 99 : order = 10 a. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 else : order = 30 order = 10 b. if price < 9. 99 : order = 50 elif price < 19. 99 : order = 30 elif price = = 19. 99 : order = 10 c. if price < 9. 99 : order... | [
"A)Rs. 10 per Kg",
"B)Rs. 8 per Kg",
"C)Rs. 6 per Kg",
"D)Rs. 5 per Kg"
] | A | It is based on inverse proportion or product constancy concept. Reduction in price 20% amount of sugar will increase 25%.
It means,
25% = 6 Kg. So,
Initially, total Sugar = 6*4 = 24Kg. Thus,
Original price of the sugar was,
240/24 = Rs. 10 per kg.
Answer: A |
medmcqa_2090 | medmcqa | <ctx>
99 β 159. robert k. crane. " digestion and absorption : water - soluble organics ". international review of physiology, gastrointestinal physiology ii, vol. 12, robert k. crane, ed., university park press, 1977, pp. 325 β 365. robert k. crane. " intestinal structure and function related to toxicity ". environment... | [
"Stomach",
"Duodenum",
"Ileum",
"Duodenum + Jejunum"
] | B | Ans: B i.e. DuodenumSite of absorptionStomach is the site of absorption of water and alcoholDuodenum is the site of absorption of iron and calciumIleum is the site of absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salt |
medmcqa_9730 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the overall physical effects and facial appearance of dwarfism with premature aging. other features and findings include : intrauterine growth retardation, congenital hip dislocations, winged scapulae ( shoulder blades ), pes planus ( fallen arches ), pseudoepiphyses of the second metacarpals ( upper bone of the ... | [
"Metabolic Alkalosis",
"Hypokalemia",
"Hypomagnesemia",
"Decrease in urinary calcium"
] | D | Bater's syndrome - There is loss of transpo function of Thick ascending loop of henle(TALH) Segment of nephron which results in hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis classic BS- typically suffer from polyuria and polydypsia due to reduction in renal concentrating ability . Increase in urinary calcium excretion 20% are hypoma... |
aquarat_608 | aquarat | <ctx>
operations as a ratio to the sieving range for this step approaches Γ ( the " 4 " in the fraction comes from the four modulos handled by this quadratic and the 60 because atkin calculated this based on an even number of modulo 60 wheels ), which results in a fraction of about 0. 072551974569.... if is 11, 23, 47,... | [
"A)16",
"B)17",
"C)18",
"D)14"
] | A | Since 64 /k = 4 and 64/ 16 = 4, then
k = 16 correct answer A |
pubmedqa_591 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
##onal damage mechanism localized in old demyelinating lesions, probably produced by b - cells. this second damage is related to the t1 - hypointense lesions ( mri black holes ) which appear when a demyelinating lesion is not remyelinated. the axons of the neurons are damaged probably by b - cells, though current... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | A | |
arc_challenge_959 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
the term population biology has been used with different meanings. in 1971 edward o. wilson et al. used the term in the sense of applying mathematical models to population genetics, community ecology, and population dynamics. alan hastings used the term in 1997 as the title of his book on the mathematics used in ... | [
"all the organisms in an ecosystem",
"all the species that share similar anatomical features",
"all the animals that acquire resources through similar methods",
"all the interbreeding members of a certain species in an ecosystem"
] | D | |
aquarat_10423 | aquarat | <ctx>
a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : β’ x = 5 β’ 3 * x - 5 β’ 3 * ( x - 5 ) β’ x β’ type ( 1 ) β’ type ('1')
then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops?
this equation and entering the known values gives 10. 28 10. 29 10. 30 10. 31 10. 32 10. 33
all the digits have been use... | [
"A)-66",
"B)13",
"C)-15",
"D)-31"
] | C | 1. Multiply both sides by 3:
x*3/3= -5/3
Simplify both sides:
x = -15
C |
mmlu_aux_6946 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
their cloacae in close proximity while facing in opposite directions and then release eggs and sperm simultaneously. the tailed frog ( ascaphus truei ) exhibits internal fertilisation. the " tail " is only possessed by the male and is an extension of the cloaca and used to inseminate the female. this frog lives i... | [
"retain energy",
"bear young",
"find food",
"take a nap"
] | A | null |
mmlu_aux_4335 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
as well. this equation of state of the mixture is called the lever rule. the dotted parts of the curve in fig. 1 are metastable states. for many years such states were an academic curiosity ; callen gave as an example, water that has been cooled below 0 $ ^ \ circ $ c at a pressure of 1 atm. a tap on a beaker of ... | [
"late in the 19th century",
"early in the 20th century",
"three years ago",
"late in the 20th century"
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_3096 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
robert hooke frs ( ; 18 july 16353 march 1703 ) was an english polymath active as a scientist, natural philosopher and architect, who is credited to be one of the first two scientists to discover microorganisms in 1665 using a compound microscope that he built himself, the other scientist being antonie van leeuwe... | [
"learning by himself with his father's help",
"introducing himself to them",
"designing experiments and instruments",
"refusing any reward from Royal Society of London"
] | C | null |
medmcqa_6237 | medmcqa | <ctx>
was 82 years, which implies a life expectancy in these patients similar to that of an age - matched general population. more than 90 % of patients with primary cad have cold - induced circulatory symptoms ranging from moderate acrocyanosis to severe raynaud phenomena precipitated even by very slight cold exposure... | [
"IgG",
"IgM",
"IgA",
"IgE"
] | B | Abnormal Ig Bence Jones proteins Light chain of Ig ( Kappa or Lambda )WaldenstormmacroglobulinemiaIg M Heavy chain disease Fc pa of heavy chain CryoglobulinemiaPrecipitate at low temperature (Ref: Ananthanarayan 9th edition, 96-98) |
arc_easy_476 | arc_easy | <ctx>
depending on latitude, elevation, and proximity to the coast. coastal and southern parts of the state have a subtropical mediterranean climate, with somewhat rainy winters and dry summers. the influence of the ocean generally moderates temperature extremes, creating warmer winters and substantially cooler summers... | [
"polar",
"subtropical",
"temperate",
"tropical"
] | C | |
qasc_4465 | qasc | <ctx>
sinclair later showed that sry was in fact the gene responsible for sex determination in mammals. following this, graves discovered that the platypus sex chromosomes are homologous to the bird zw rather than conserved with the mammalian xy. owing to this work, the emergence of mammalian sex chromosomes could be d... | [
"uterus and vagina",
"Chlorophyll",
"Epidermis",
"a cuticle"
] | A | |
medmcqa_877 | medmcqa | <ctx>
, zaner ks. the motor of leukocytes. fed proc. 1984 ; 43 : 2760 - 2763. 56. stossel tp. contribution of actin to the cytoplasmic matrix. j. cell biol. 1984 ; 99 : 15s - 21s. 57. stossel tp ( editor ). perspectives in clinical investigation. rockefeller university press, new york, 1985. 58. stossel tp, chaponnier ... | [
"Megaloblastic anemia",
"Myelodysplasia",
"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria",
"G6 PD deficiency"
] | D | Answer is D (G-6PD Deficiency) Glucose - 6 - PD Deficiency is not associated with Pancytopenia and a cellular marrow Myelodysplasias, PNH and Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12,Folate deficiency) may present with Pancytopenia and a cellular marrow. |
aquarat_34800 | aquarat | <ctx>
9Γ9 = 81 row - column constraint sets, 9Γ9 = 81 row - number constraint sets, 9Γ9 = 81 column - number constraint sets, and 9Γ9 = 81 box - number constraint sets : 81 + 81 + 81 + 81 = 324 constraint sets in all. in brief, the standard 9Γ9 sudoku variant is an exact hitting set problem with 729 possibilities and 3... | [
"A)48",
"B)240",
"C)300",
"D)360"
] | A | We need to take President and VP as one unit. Therefore we have 3 people to arrange=4! ways
Also, we both President and VP can be arranged in 2 ! ways.
Reqd no of ways=4!*2!=48ways
Answer A |
openbookqa_3050 | openbookqa | <ctx>
overall. moreover, there is no one reason why some cp cases come from prenatal brain damage, and it is not known if those cases have a genetic basis. cerebellar hypoplasia is sometimes genetic and can cause ataxic cerebral palsy. early childhood after birth, other causes include toxins, severe jaundice, lead pois... | [
"a bath",
"a pacifier",
"a bottle",
"a wasp"
] | D | |
medmcqa_4440 | medmcqa | <ctx>
of corticosteroids given from gestational ages of 24 weeks 0 days to 33 weeks 6 days has been shown in several studies to reduce the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in the neonatal period. head positioning in very preterm infants has been suggested as an approach to prevent germinal matrix haemorrhage ; howev... | [
"Silver nitrate solution",
"Erythromycin ointment",
"Tetracycline ointment",
"Penicilline injection"
] | A | (Silver nitrate solution): Ref: 164-65-P, 71-KHOPHTHALMIA - NEONATORUM: any discharge or even watering from the eyes in the first week of life should arouse suspion of ophthalmia neonatorum* Use of either 1% tetracycline ointment or 0.5% erythromycin ointment or 1% silver nitrate solution (Crede's method) into the eyes... |
aquarat_42589 | aquarat | <ctx>
. programmers working with compiled languages, including c, generally work using the cycle shown in figure 4. 17. 162 4 β’ linguistic realization of algorithms : low - level programming languages access for free at openstax. org figure 4. 17 a typical work cycle includes multiple compilation steps after a program ... | [
"A)15 hrs",
"B)16 hrs",
"C)18 hrs",
"D)19 hrs"
] | C | programmer takes 1/4*48=12 hrs a week to make flowchrt
same way.....18 hrs a week for codin...
so....for debugging=48-(12+18)=18 hrs
ANSWER:C |
aquarat_17150 | aquarat | <ctx>
, and a volume of 76 cm3! in this example, mutually contradictory estimates of the length, surface area, and volume of the cube arise because we have assumed three mutually contradictory distributions for these parameters : a uniform distribution for any one of the variables implies a non - uniform distribution f... | [
"A)140cm",
"B)767cm",
"C)88cm",
"D)666cm"
] | A | Area of each slab
=58.8/30m2=1.96m2
Length of each slab β1.96=1.4m=140cm |
medmcqa_1617 | medmcqa | <ctx>
declines with age due to the increase meiotic non - disjunction. after age 31 years, fecundity decreases and the probability of aneuploidy rate increases in the early embryo. the regular menstrual cycle is associated with the hormonal regulation from hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian axis. gonadotropin - relea... | [
"Churg- strauss syndrome",
"Kartagener s syndrome",
"Noonan syndrome",
"Turner syndrome"
] | B | Ans-B |
aquarat_10181 | aquarat | <ctx>
following example? " literature this category consists of texts from five categories : modern poetry, classic poetry, modern novel, classical prose and play / essay. candidates may be asked to summarise a single passage or outline a common theme between multiple texts ( sometimes of different text types ), among ... | [
"A)25 to 3",
"B)10 to 9",
"C)9 to 50",
"D)6 to 25"
] | A | Correct
A |
mmlu_aux_5221 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
necks, and in some species the presence of a dewlap. males and females exhibit sexual monochromatism ( with the exception of the banteng, where males are a dark chestnut while females are just chestnut ), though the male coloration hues are darker than the females. coloration can be uniform or with some white mar... | [
"in a newspaper",
"on the Internet",
"in a book",
"in an advertisement"
] | D | null |
mmlu_aux_7262 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
snakes of virginia. univ. of virginia press, charlottesville, va. unlike with reptiles, there is little evidence that cooper's hawk regularly hunts amphibians in any area, despite a few species being known in the prey spectrum. while some authors have posited that as much as 2. 1 % of cooper's hawks'global prey c... | [
"they will flourish and thrive",
"their kind will dwindle",
"they will become predators",
"all of these"
] | B | null |
medmcqa_9861 | medmcqa | <ctx>
hydroxethylruticide on intestinal toxicity induced by adriamycin. physiol chem phys med nmr. 1986 ; 18 ( 1 ) : 17 - 24. mcginness j. a new view of pigmented neurons. j theor biol. 1985 aug 7 ; 115 ( 3 ) : 475 - 6. gulati op, nordmann h, aellig a, maignan mf, mcginness j. protective effects of o - ( beta - hydroxy... | [
"Hea disease",
"Epilepsy",
"Liver failure",
"All"
] | D | Ans is a, b, c all Hea disease; Liver failure; and Epilepsy disease and liver failure are absolute contraindications of OCP's whereas Epilepsy is relative contraindication of OCP's. OCP's are used for the management of Menorrhagia so menorrhagia is an indication for use of OCP's |
arc_easy_901 | arc_easy | <ctx>
during the evolution of theropod dinosaurs, the closest relatives of birds, digits have " changed place " so that in the bird wing digit 1 develops from position 2 and digit 2 from position 3 and digit 3 from position 4 in the wing bud. this view is now strongly supported by molecular and experimental evidence an... | [
"mutation of genes",
"hybridization of species",
"extinction of populations",
"alteration of the environment"
] | A | |
aquarat_13912 | aquarat | <ctx>
this sum by the number of data values, which is 10. the result is :
checking each number in order. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license )
sum of the digits of 6721 is 16. hint : there are 10 base cases, which can be checked easily with the right condition. access multime... | [
"A)15345",
"B)15645",
"C)15625",
"D)15342"
] | C | Explanation:
Number of odd numbers upto 250 = n/2 = 250/2 = 125
Sum of first 125 odd numbers = (125)2
= 15625
Answer: Option C |
medmcqa_8746 | medmcqa | <ctx>
that have repeatedly been implicated in technical diving accidents include : incorrect gas switches in open circuit diving ; the gas could be hypoxic, with a risk of blackout, hyperoxic, with a risk of oxygen toxicity seizure, or have an excessively high partial pressure of nitrogen, with a risk of nitrogen narco... | [
"Hypoventilation",
"Incomplete alveolar oxygen diffusion",
"Ventilation-perfusion inequality",
"Pulmonary shunt flow"
] | C | Ans- C Ventilation-perfusion inequality a. Although hypoventilation, incomplete oxygen diffusion, and pulmonary shunts all are causes of hypoxemia, the most common cause is ventilation-perfusion inequality. b. The mismatch of ventilation and blood flow occurs to some degree in the normal upright lung but may become ext... |
medmcqa_5796 | medmcqa | <ctx>
##lvian syndrome 33. 3 symmetric fetal growth restriction 40 % asymmetric fetal growth restriction 40 % nonimmune hydrops fetalis 15 % atresia ani 18. 2 % microcephalus 15. 4 % omphalocele 12. 5 % prematurity 40 % placental and amniotic fluid entities : amniotic sheet perpendicular to the placenta 50 % cornual β ... | [
"Hegar's sign",
"Jacquemier's sign",
"Osiander's sign",
"Goodell's sign"
] | A | Ans. a (Hegar's sign). (Ref Dutta, Obstetrics, 6th ed., p 65)SIGNS OF EARLY PREGNANCY1Jacquemier's or Chadwick's sign (eighth week)Dusky hue of vestibule and anterior vaginal wall.2Osiander's sign (eighth week)Increased pulsations felt through lateral fornices.3Goodell's sign (sixth week)Softening of cervix.4Piskacek's... |
medmcqa_2505 | medmcqa | <ctx>
taken from entrez gene for geneid 7157, the human gene tp53. the pubmed document identifiers have been omitted from the examples. note the wide variability with respect to the presence or absence of punctuation and of sentence - initial capital letters. p53 and c - erbb - 2 may have independent role in carcinogen... | [
"It regulates cetain genes involved in cell cycle regulation",
"Its increased levels can induce apoptosis",
"Its activity in the cells decreases following UV irradiation and stimulates cell cycle",
"Mutations of the p53 gene are the most common genetic alteration seen in human cancer"
] | C | . Its activity in the cells decreases following UV irradiation and stimulates cell cycle |
aquarat_4871 | aquarat | <ctx>
2. 956 Γ 10β2 l example 1. 10 computing quantities from measurement results and known mathematical relations while being driven from philadelphia to atlanta, a distance of about 1250 km, a 2014 lamborghini aventador roadster uses 213 l gasoline. ( a ) what ( average ) fuel economy, in miles per gallon, did the ro... | [
"A)190",
"B)284.6",
"C)300",
"D)305"
] | D | To maximize the distance that SUV could be driven on 25 gallons of gasoline , we need consider only highway driving .
Max distance = 25 * 12.2 = 305
Answer D |
aquarat_28953 | aquarat | <ctx>
length three. for example, for 20 - digit numbers in base 10, there are fourteen constants ( cycles of length one ) and ninety - six cycles of length greater than one, all but two of which are of length three. odd digit lengths produce fewer different end results than even digit lengths. programming example the e... | [
"A)60",
"B)120",
"C)30",
"D)240"
] | A | n = number of digits = 5
r = number of places to be filled up = 3
Required number = 5P3 = 5!/2! = 60
Answer is A |
qasc_6679 | qasc | <ctx>
and specialized analytical instruments used to detect trace amounts of metals. 14 1 β’ essential ideas access for free at openstax. org figure 1. 7 a plasma torch can be used to cut metal. ( credit : β hypertherm β / wikimedia commons ) link to learning in a tiny cell in a plasma television, the plasma emits ultra... | [
"Protons",
"Energy.",
"Proteins",
"cells"
] | A | |
pubmedqa_549 | pubmedqa | <ctx>
a potential therapeutic target in the aggressive forms of thyroid cancer. proc natl acad sci u s a. 2014 ; mar ; 111 ( 11 ) : 4233 β 4238. yip l, wharry li, armstrong mj, silbermann a, mccoy kl, stang mt, ohori np, lebeau so, coyne c, nikiforova mn, bauman je, johnson jt, tublin me, hodak sp, nikiforov ye, carty ... | [
"yes",
"no",
"maybe"
] | B | |
medmcqa_8504 | medmcqa | <ctx>
tool ( frax ) estimates the probability of hip fracture and the probability of a major osteoporotic fracture ( mof ), which could occur in a bone other than the hip. in addition to bone density ( t - score ), calculation of the frax score involves age, body characteristics, health behaviors, and other medical his... | [
"They are lean and have low body mass",
"Have reduced renal function with age",
"Have increased baroceptor sensitivity",
"Have reduced hepatic metabolism"
] | C | Baroreceptor sensitivity decreases with aging. This decline in baroreceptor sensitivity alters the central nervous system control of sympathetic nervous outflow. Due to this insensitive baroreceptor, large change in blood pressure is needed to activate the baroreceptor and produce an appropriate compensatory response. ... |
aquarat_998 | aquarat | <ctx>
then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops?
a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : β’ x = 5 β’ 3 * x - 5 β’ 3 * ( x - 5 ) β’ x β’ type ( 1 ) β’ type ('1')
. 50 4. 51 4. 52 4. 53 4. 54 4. 55
checking each number in order. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, u... | [
"A)121",
"B)169",
"C)144",
"D)256"
] | B | 3, 4, 49, 5, 3, 64, 7, 6, ?
3+4=7 and 7^2=49
5+3=8 and 8^2=64
7+6=13 and 13^2=169
ANSWER:B |
qasc_6798 | qasc | <ctx>
in biology and ecology, a resource is a substance or object in the environment required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction. resources box can be consumed by one organism and, as a result, become unavailable to another organism. for plants key resources are light, nutrients, water, and... | [
"diversity and prosperity",
"Help plants grow",
"fertilization",
"to stay warm"
] | A | |
medmcqa_7219 | medmcqa | <ctx>
be reactivated upon re - acidification. the stability of pepsin at high ph has significant implications on disease attributed to laryngopharyngeal reflux. pepsin remains in the larynx following a gastric reflux event. at the mean ph of the laryngopharynx ( ph = 6. 8 ) pepsin would be inactive but could be reactiv... | [
"a",
"c",
"bc",
"ad"
] | C | Persistent vomiting leads to loss of large amount of gastric fluid.
Gastric fluid consists of large amount of HCL along with potassium
Thus the metabolic abnormality associated with repeated vomiting is metabolic alkalosis in combination with hypochloretnia and hypokaletnia.
In the early stages the kidneys are able to ... |
arc_challenge_548 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
project a required data and example 4. collaborative data cleaning. students will work together to clean the collected data, identifying and addressing any missing or duplicate information. they will also ensure that the data is standardized, allowing for accurate analysis and comparison. 5. data storage determin... | [
"to make reports longer",
"so results can be published",
"to demonstrate professionalism",
"so experiments can be replicated"
] | D |
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