Split (1)

train · 35.5k rows

id string	dataset string	question string	options list	answer string	explanation string
medmcqa_3346	medmcqa	<ctx> subsequently damaged the transplanted lungs, too. there is some evidence that supports the usefulness of the flora found in soil. it has been suggested that it is useful in the establishment of healthy bacteria within the digestive tract, addressing the problems presented by crohn's disease. the adsorbent qualiti...	[ "Incineration", "Controlled tipping", "Composting", "Dumping" ]	C
medmcqa_5966	medmcqa	<ctx> instead of a negative one. the negatively charged cell wall of many microorganisms attracts the positively charged chromophore which causes the specimen to absorb the stain giving it the color of the stain being used. positive staining is more commonly used than negative staining in microbiology. the different ty...	[ "Giardia", "Taenia", "E. histolytica", "Trichomonas" ]	C	Ans. is 'c' i.e., E. histolytica(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1685; D.R. Arora, 2nd/e, p. 26, 27)* Fecal finding in amoebiasis are:I. Charcot-Leyden crystals.II. Positive test for heme.III. Paucity (lack) of neutrophils (pus cells).
aquarat_34179	aquarat	<ctx> 40. ( a ) 41. 4 g ( b ) ( c ) 42. ( a ) 39. 5 g ( b ) ( c ) it is ethyl alcohol. 44. ethanol, c2h5oh ( d ) 25 g of i2 in 125 g of ethanol, c2h5oh 33. calculate the mole fraction of each solute and solvent : ( a ) 0. 710 kg of sodium carbonate ( washing soda ), na2co3, in 10. 0 kg of water — a saturated solution ...	[ "A)23%", "B)35%", "C)33%", "D)40%" ]	C	We have a 11 litre solution containing 42% of alcohol in the water. => Quantity of alcohol in the solution =11×42/ 100 Now 3 litre of water is added to the solution. => Total quantity of the new solution = 11 + 3 = 14 Percentage of alcohol in the new solution =11×42/100 14 × 100 =11×4210014×100 =11×3/100 =33% C
aquarat_24653	aquarat	<ctx> 7. 157 10−3 47. ( a ) exact ; ( b ) exact ; ( c ) uncertain ; ( d ) exact ; ( e ) uncertain ; ( f ) uncertain 1141 49. ( a ) two ; ( b ) three ; ( c ) five ; ( d ) four ; ( e ) six ; ( f ) two ; ( g ) five 51. ( a ) 0. 44 ; ( b ) 9. 0 ; ( c ) 27 ; ( d ) 140 ; ( e ) 1. 5 10−3 ; ( f ) 0. 44 53. ( a ) 2. 15 105 ; ( ...	[ "A)5", "B)3", "C)1", "D)4" ]	B	Purple is 7/6 Black is 4/3 which can also be written as 8/6 Blue is 1/2 which can also be written as 3/6 7/6 + 8/6 + 3/16= 3 Answer is B) 3
medmcqa_3895	medmcqa	<ctx> preventing the development of drug resistant tumors and thereby decreasing the likelihood of relapse among cancer patients. the prs platform alleviates the principal difficulty in developing combination therapies to treat cancer as it omits the need to perform in - vitro high throughput screening to determine the...	[ "Endobronchial tuberculosis", "Tuberculous osteomyelitis", "Lymphadenitis", "Pneumonia" ]	C	Glucocoicoids reduce inflammation and limit tissue damage; they are currently recommended when treating pericardial ,lymphadenitis patients having TB or meningeal disease, and in children with endobronchial disease. They may confer benefit in TB of the ureter, pleural effusions and extensive pulmonary disease, and can ...
medmcqa_7690	medmcqa	<ctx> of infection. antibiotics are not necessary as the wound is left open to close by secondary intention. postoperative management involves soaking of the toe in warm water 3 times / day for 15 – 20 minutes. the wound is healed in 4 – 6 weeks. no cases of osteomyelitis have been reported. after healing, the nail fol...	[ "Von Willebrand's disease", "Christmas disease", "Haemophilia", "Polycythemia" ]	D	Bleeding time is prolonged in all the platelet disorders like ITP ,TTP and heparin and also prolonged in all types of coagulation disorders and DIC Where is it is normal in vascular diseases like vascular purpuras Reference: textbook of Pathology, 7th edition author Harsha Mohan, page number 317
aquarat_35900	aquarat	<ctx> .. 5. length : ; width : ;. 7. 9. ( a ) ( b ) 11. 2 kg 13. ( a ) ( b ) 15. ( a ) ( b ) ( c ) 17. ( a ) 3 ( b ) 3 ( c ) 3 19. ( a ) ( b ) 21. 23. 25. 1575 27. 29. sample answer : heartbeats 31. sample answer : if an average human lifetime is taken to be about 70 years. 33. sample answer : 50 atoms 35. sample answe...	[ "A)4 year", "B)18 year", "C)10 year", "D)None of these" ]	B	Solution let the ages of the children be x,(x + 3),(x + 6),(x + 9) and (x + 12) year. then, x + (x + 3) + (x + 6) + (x + 9) + (x + 12) = 60 â‡” 5 x = 30 â‡” x= 6. âˆ´ Age of the eldest child = x +12= 6 +12 =18 years. Answer B
medmcqa_1181	medmcqa	<ctx> collagen fibrils, buckling of the collagen fascicles in the tendon extracellular matrix, and buckling of the tenocyte cells and their nuclei. diagnosis symptoms can vary from aches or pains and local joint stiffness, to a burning that surrounds the whole joint around the inflamed tendon. in some cases, swelling o...	[ "Intra-keloidal injection of triamcinolone", "Wide excision and grafting", "Wide excision and suturing (", "Deep X-ray therapy" ]	A	Ans. (a) Intra-keloidal injection of triamcinolone.Diagnosis based on the image is Keloid scar* Characterized by overgrowth of scar tissue beyond the margins of original wound* Occur more commonly in females over sternum, shoulder and face, Black people are more prone for it* Treatment is with intralesional injections ...
qasc_1741	qasc	<ctx> in cell biology, the cytoplasm describes all material within a eukaryotic cell, enclosed by the cell membrane, except for the cell nucleus. the material inside the nucleus and contained within the nuclear membrane is termed the nucleoplasm. the main components of the cytoplasm are the cytosol ( a gel - like subst...	[ "dogs", "bamboo", "humans", "potatoes" ]	B
medmcqa_6333	medmcqa	<ctx> the amalgam and / or the tooth ), as well as cervical overhang and marginal ditching. the demarco et al. review of composite restoration studies noted that patient factors affect longevity of restorations : compared to patients with generally good dental health, patients with poorer dental health ( possibly due t...	[ "Compressive strength", "Tensile strength", "Corrosion", "Creep" ]	A
qasc_4532	qasc	<ctx> ##ion. some heat is carried up from the bottom of the mantle by mantle plumes. the heat flow at the earth's surface is about, and it is a potential source of geothermal energy. vibrations seismic waves are vibrations that travel through the earth's interior or along its surface. the entire earth can also oscillat...	[ "Earth's core", "underground air", "electromagnetic energy", "atmospheric air" ]	D
aquarat_18209	aquarat	<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 − p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...	[ "A)10", "B)9", "C)11", "D)10.4" ]	D	Explanation : Here's is the solution : S.I. on Rs. (260 - 20) for a given time = Rs. 20. S.I. on Rs. 240 for half the time = Rs. 10. T.D. on Rs. 250 = Rs. 10. Therefore True Discount on Rs. 260 = Rs. (10 / 250) * 260 = Rs. 10.40 Hence (D) is the correct answer. Answer : D
aquarat_14534	aquarat	<ctx> ) is the volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly one centimeter. the abbreviation cc ( for cubic centimeter ) is often used by health professionals. a cubic centimeter is equivalent to a milliliter ( ml ) and is 1 / 1000 of a liter. figure 1. 25 ( a ) the relative volumes are shown for cubes of 1 m3, 1 dm...	[ "A)1.5", "B)2.5", "C)3.5", "D)4.5" ]	B	400 kg - 1 cubic meter; 400,000 g - 1 cubic meter; 400,000 g - 1,000,000 cubic centimeters; 1 g - 1,000,000/400,000 = 10/4 = 2.5 cubic centimeters. Answer: B.
qasc_3070	qasc	<ctx> in botany, a plant shoot consists of any plant stem together with its appendages like, leaves and lateral buds, flowering stems, and flower buds. the new growth from seed germination that grows upward is a shoot where leaves will develop. in the spring, perennial plant shoots are the new growth that grows from th...	[ "epidermis and dermis", "In their leaves", "location tissue", "conducting tissue type" ]	D
mmlu_aux_1754	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> genetics is the study of genes and tries to explain what they are and how they work. genes are how living organisms inherit features or traits from their ancestors ; for example, children usually look like their parents because they have inherited their parents'genes. genetics tries to identify which traits are i...	[ "fashion magazine", "novel", "scientific newspaper", "sports newspaper" ]	C	null
pubmedqa_104	pubmedqa	<ctx> of circular and elliptical modeling in 80 asymptomatic patients research regarding primary non surgical treatment : review of surgical outcomes regarding biomechanics, biomechanical effects on neurologic function. treatment : non - surgical surgical biological engineering biomechanics ; 112 : 814 – 840. carpente...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	C
aquarat_29107	aquarat	<ctx> 1 if the red sox win tomorrow's game : the purchaser of this promise loses their bet if the red sox do not win regardless of whether their failure is due to their loss of a completed game or cancellation of the game, and to pay $ 1 if the red sox win, and to refund the price of the promise if the game is cancelle...	[ "A)27", "B)98", "C)93.3", "D)96.2" ]	C	CP = SP + 1CP = SP - g 700 + x = 980 - 2x 3x = 280 => x = 93.3 Answer:C
medmcqa_1906	medmcqa	<ctx> . they are also used to detect the presence of double stranded rna, presence of which could mean rna interference. northern blotting is a laboratory technique that produces similar information. it is slower and less quantitative, but also produces accurate information about the size of the target rna. nuclease pr...	[ "RNA", "DNA", "Protein", "Antibodies" ]	A	Ans: A (RNA) Ref: Ananthanarayan R, Paniker CKJ. Textbook of Microbiology. 8th Edition. Hyderabad: Universities Press; 2009. Pg. 69Explanation:Southern blotting:The highly sensitive technique for identifying DNA fragments by DNA-DNA hybridisation is called Southern blotting, after EM Southern who devised it. This techn...
pubmedqa_512	pubmedqa	<ctx> ##nps ) in nearly 1, 900 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 2, 000 comparison subjects, reported in 2008 that there was no evidence of any significant association between the disorders and any of 14 previously identified candidate genes ( rgs4, disc1, dtnbp1, stx7, taar6, ppp3cc, nrg1,...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	B
medmcqa_2281	medmcqa	<ctx> disease and thus what possible methods of treatment could be used. this technique is the current standard for detecting viral infections such as aids and hepatitis. treatments once an infection has been diagnosed and identified, suitable treatment options must be assessed by the physician and consulting medical m...	[ "Albendazole", "Praziquantal", "Ivermectin", "Thiabendazole" ]	B	- Drug of choice for treatment of flukes (except liver fluke) and tapeworms (except dog tapeworm) is praziquantal. - Drug of choice for treatment of liver fluke is triclabendazole. - Drug of choice for dog tapeworm (Echinococcus) is albendazole - Drug of choice for all nematodes (see exceptions below) is albendazole - ...
mmlu_aux_8761	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> . they measure 47 – 51 cm from bill tip to tail tip, and weigh some 200 to 300 g. they have an almost uniform smoky - grey plumage with long tails and ( similar to mousebirds ) a wispy, back - swept crest of some 6 to 7 cm in length. the crest can be raised almost vertically when excited. the strong, decurved bea...	[ "an Elephant", "a Bottlenose dolphin", "a Phyllomimus", "a Hammerhead shark" ]	C	null
openbookqa_286	openbookqa	<ctx> in real time at times of peak demand, when relatively dirty power plants would otherwise need to be turned on. standby power used by consumer electronics and appliances while they are turned off accounts for an estimated 5 to 10 % of household electricity consumption, adding an estimated $ 3 billion to annual ene...	[ "depletes a vast amount of water reserves", "is bad for the environment", "uses up more water", "leads to more reserves in the water heater" ]	D
mmlu_aux_3679	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##n tiger south australian coast australian sea lion little penguin australian region dingo emu kangaroo island grey kangaroo koala red kangaroo short - beaked echidna southern cassowary southern hairy - nosed wombat swamp wallaby tammar wallaby tasmanian devil yellow - footed rock wallaby australian nocturnal ho...	[ "The name was given by the native in Australia", "The word \"koala\" is an original English word", "The name describes one of its living habits", "The name is partly false" ]	B	null
arc_challenge_118	arc_challenge	<ctx> ##ham and gnirk. test using compression and tension show necking of rock specimens while tests using wedge penetration show lip formation. the tests carried out by robertson show plasticity occurring at high confining pressures. similar results are observable in the experimental work carried out by handin and hag...	[ "Rocks on old mountains are gradually weathered away while mountain building and volcanism form new mountains.", "Once formed, rocks stay in place until rocks above them are weathered away, and they reach the surface.", "As sedimentary rocks are buried deep below other rocks, they are changed by heat and pressu...	C
arc_easy_315	arc_easy	<ctx> 25. 2 the law of reflection learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • explain reflection of light from polished and rough surfaces. whenever we look into a mirror, or squint at sunlight glinting from a lake, we are seeing a reflection. when you look at this page, too, you are seeing ...	[ "telescope", "window", "mirror", "eyeglasses" ]	C
medmcqa_7749	medmcqa	<ctx> with δ8 - thc ( a more stable isomer of δ9 - thc ) in children who were undergoing chemotherapy treatments against cancer. the substance prevented nausea and vomiting and has since been used clinically against nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy patients. in 1989, mechoulam established the concept that thc - styl...	[ "Histamine H1 receptor", "Serotonin 5–HT3 receptor", "Dopamine D2 receptor", "Opioid µ receptor" ]	B
aquarat_880	aquarat	<ctx> , the volume of cars sold in the u. s. was significantly tied to home equity lines of credit, with 24 % of sales financed this way in 2006. when the availability of these loans suddenly dried up in 2008 due to the subprime mortgage crisis, vehicle sales declined dramatically, from 17 million in 2006 to 10. 6 mill...	[ "A)15 %", "B)27%", "C)31%", "D)42%" ]	C	11 moth avg = x 11 month total = 11x sept = 400% of x + x = 5x sept/total = =5x/(11x+5x) = =31% ANSWER:C
medmcqa_6537	medmcqa	<ctx> and triple bonds similar? how do they differ? 7 • exercises 365 7. 6 • molecular structure and polarity 345 figure 7. 17 the molecular structure of the methane molecule, ch4, is shown with a tetrahedral arrangement of the hydrogen atoms. vsepr structures like this one are often drawn using the wedge and dash not...	[ "A-T", "C-G", "A-G", "C-T" ]	B	Triple bond is present between cytosine and guanosine. Ref: Harper's Biochemistry, 24th Edition, Page 403, 25th Edition, Page 404 ; Textbook of Biochemistry By DM Vasudevan, 3rd Edition, Pages 332, 344
medmcqa_2232	medmcqa	<ctx> testing laboratory tests include all of the following : c - reactive protein, hemoglobin, albumin, and egfr. complete response - all lab values within normal ranges partial response - > 50 % in all lab values stable disease - all lab values between < 50 % improvement and < 25 % worsening progressive disease - > 2...	[ "amphotericin B", "cephalosporins", "trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole", "aminoglycosides" ]	C	The patient is infected with Pneumocystis organisms invading an immunocompromised host. The treatment of choice is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Alternate therapies include pentamidine (highly toxic) and trimetrexate plus folinic acid.
pubmedqa_202	pubmedqa	<ctx> galizia, s., and quadrani, p., 2007, " towards the multiscale modelling of musculoskeletal system, " bioengineering modeling and computer simulation, barcelona, spain. viceconti, m., zannoni, c., testi, d., petrone, m., perticoni, s., quadrani, p., taddei, f., imboden, s., and clapworthy, g., 2007, " the multimod...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	C
qasc_3590	qasc	<ctx> 242 6 • uniform circular motion and gravitation access for free at openstax. org figure 6. 15 looking down on the counterclockwise rotation of a merry - go - round, we see that a ball slid straight toward the edge follows a path curved to the right. the person slides the ball toward point b, starting at point a. ...	[ "Changing weather", "graptolites", "permineralization", "Movement" ]	A
aquarat_40723	aquarat	<ctx> ) it takes the clock ’ s hour hand to make one revolution on the moon. 33. suppose the length of a clock ’ s pendulum is changed by 1. 000 %, exactly at noon one day. what time will it read 24. 00 hours later, assuming it the pendulum has kept perfect time before the change? note that there are two answers, and p...	[ "A)08:54:40 AM", "B)08:56:24 AM", "C)08:16:40 PM", "D)08:54:24 AM" ]	D	Loses 8 minutes each day. so total loss = 4×8 = 32min subsequent 6 days = 6×24×60 minutes 1% gain = ( 6×24×60)/100 = 86.4 minutes so, total gain = 86.4 - 32 = 54.4 min = 54 + 0.4 min = 54 minutes + 0.4 × 60 seconds = 54min + 24seconds 10 days later the clock should be 54 min and 24seconds fast. so time , 09:54:24 am (A...
aquarat_18577	aquarat	<ctx> the digit with value b – 1 begin s = " " ; / / the string of digits pos = 0 ; / / all places are right to the radix point while not defined ( occurs [ p ] ) do occurs [ p ] = pos ; / / the position of the place with remainder p bp = b * p ; z = floor ( bp / q ) ; / / index z of digit within : 0 ≤ z ≤ b - 1 p = b ...	[ "A)2", "B)5", "C)6", "D)7" ]	A	Divisibility rule for 3 also same as 9. so from the above discussion sum of the digits = 380 and remainder = 380/3 = 2. Answer:A
openbookqa_326	openbookqa	<ctx> few citations in comparison to its large size. this limits our perception of the world's aquatic biodiversity. consequently, we do not have sufficient information about biodiversity in most places on earth. even though biodiversity declines from the equator to the poles in terrestrial ecosystems, this is still a ...	[ "muggy", "low", "high", "boring" ]	B
mmlu_aux_342	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 242 6 • uniform circular motion and gravitation access for free at openstax. org figure 6. 15 looking down on the counterclockwise rotation of a merry - go - round, we see that a ball slid straight toward the edge follows a path curved to the right. the person slides the ball toward point b, starting at point a. ...	[ "The tilt of Earth allows Earth to absorb all of the Sun's radiation as it rotates.", "The tilt allows certain latitudes of Earth to be heated at a greater rate while Earth rotates.", "The tilt of Earth allows Earth to rotate fast enough to allow surface cooling to occur at night.", "The tilt allows energy to...	B	null
medmcqa_662	medmcqa	<ctx> 5 – 15. 5 hz ) alpha wave – ( 7 ( or 8 ) – 12 hz ) beta wave – ( 12 – 30 hz ) gamma wave – ( 32 – 100 hz ) references neuroscience neural coding neural circuits neurophysiology electrophysiology computational neuroscience a gamma wave or gamma rhythm is a pattern of neural oscillation in humans with a frequency ...	[ "0-4", "7-Apr", "13-Aug", "13-30" ]	C	C i.e. 8-13
qasc_5293	qasc	<ctx> . denudation during this time is geographically highly variable but averages tens of meters. the southern coast of finland, aland and the stockholm archipelago were subject to considerable glacial erosion in the form of scraping during the quaternary. the quaternary ice ages resulted in the glacier's erosion of i...	[ "meters", "form sand", "soil", "Thames" ]	D
mmlu_aux_2966	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> stephen william hawking ( 8 january 1942 – 14 march 2018 ) was an english theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and author who, at the time of his death, was director of research at the centre for theoretical cosmology at the university of cambridge. between 1979 and 2009, he was the lucasian professor of mathemati...	[ "The director of \"The Big Bang Theory\" and the founder of it.", "The director and the actor of \"The Big Bang Theory\".", "The founder of the \"Big Bang\" theory and its spreader.", "The scientific genius on TV show and the one alive in real life." ]	D	null
aquarat_29199	aquarat	<ctx> classic cars for less than £7, 000 - the average cost of a car and its insurance for new drivers. mcguinness : mg mgb, flintoff : volkswagen beetle, harris : lada niva ; all over 40 years old, which made them exempt from tax and mot. they travelled from devon to cornwall, where they were met with challenges. thei...	[ "A)68 mph", "B)56.67 mph", "C)53.33 mph", "D)64 mph" ]	A	Distance traveled in 2 hours = 2 * 50 = 100 m Distance traveled in 3 hours = 3 * 80 = 240m Total distance covered = 240 + 100 = 340m Total time = 2 + 3 =5 h Hence avg speed = total distance covered / total time taken = 340/5 = 68mph Answer: A
aquarat_20822	aquarat	<ctx> the gare centrale, where it would connect to the cts system using new tunnel connections under the station, continuing to destinations in central and eastern strasbourg. however jacques bigot, president of the urban community of strasbourg, has been quoted as saying that the proposed tram - train passing under th...	[ "A)11", "B)13", "C)44", "D)55" ]	B	Explanation: Let Rs. x be the fare of city B from city A and Rs. y be the fare of city C from city A. Then, 2x + 3y = 77 ...(i) and 3x + 2y = 73 ...(ii) Multiplying (i) by 3 and (ii) by 2 and subtracting, we get: 5y = 85 or y = 17. Putting y = 17 in (i), we get: x = 13. Answer: B
arc_easy_1781	arc_easy	<ctx> top - carnivores ) the total amount of energy decreases. plants exert a “ bottom - up ” control on the energy structure of ecosystems by determining the total amount of energy that enters the system. however, predators can also influence the structure of lower trophic levels from the top - down. these influences ...	[ "Fish die and sink to the bottom of a pond.", "Trees take up and store water with roots.", "Beavers build a new dam and lodge.", "Plants get more sunshine and water." ]	A
mmlu_aux_3951	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> collars, their social structure, land use patterns, food habits, reproduction, mortality patterns and their relation with other inhabitants of the ecosystem, including humans is studied. these data compilations will hopefully contribute toward minimizing poaching threats because of traditional hunting. the siberi...	[ "To help the tigers recover their ability to live in the wild.", "To provide them with a better environment.", "To get the tigers to go on a tour.", "To find a complete eco-chain for them." ]	A	null
openbookqa_1822	openbookqa	<ctx> chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. ...	[ "milk to yogurt", "mixing marbles", "my chemical romance", "shredding paper" ]	A
qasc_2847	qasc	<ctx> will also feed on the raphidophyte, heterosigma akashiwo, another organism responsible for red tides. its blooms when forming red tides are likely stimulated by environmental factors, such as drops in salinity or increases in prey abundance. o. marina may also affect the environment by producing dimethyl sulfide,...	[ "phytoplankton", "fungi", "refraction of light", "heat energy" ]	A
aquarat_6055	aquarat	<ctx> the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ...	[ "A)30 Kmph", "B)60 Kmph", "C)65 Kmph", "D)70 Kmph" ]	A	Time = 6 Distence = 270 3/2 of 6 hours = 6 * 3/2 = 9 Hours Required speed = 270/9 = 30 Kmph A)
aquarat_9994	aquarat	<ctx> by peter winkler for more information, and see the discussion on les - mathematiques. net. consult the references on 100 prisoners for links to these references. the above computation may be performed in a more simple and direct way, as follows : first note that a permutation of elements contains at most one cycl...	[ "A)22", "B)27", "C)99", "D)2712" ]	C	Answer:C
aquarat_38183	aquarat	<ctx> or territory prefix. ( e. g. : w = kuala lumpur, a = perak, b = selangor, p = penang ) x - the alphabetical sequences. ( e. g. : a, b, c... x, y. not including i, o and z. ) # - the number sequence. ( e. g. : 1, 2, 3... 9998, 9999 ) the exceptions in the algorithm are as follows : there can be no leading zeroes i...	[ "A)280", "B)960", "C)820", "D)800" ]	B	(B) 15 x 4 = 60, 60 x 4 = 240, 240 x 4 = 960, 960 x 4 = 3840.
medmcqa_9205	medmcqa	<ctx> to expel the carbon dioxide - rich air. there are three major types of alveolar cell. two types are pneumocytes or pneumonocytes known as type i and type ii cells found in the alveolar wall, and a large phagocytic cell known as an alveolar macrophage that moves about in the lumens of the alveoli, and in the conne...	[ "Alveolar filledwith neutrophils", "Dense fibrosis of the alveolar walls", "Enlarged air space", "Hyaline membrane and collapsed alveoli" ]	D	Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is a disease of immaturity. The immature lung is not able to produce sufficient surfactant to prevent collapse of many alveloku. Severe diffuse damage to alveoli causes precipitation of protein adjacent to many alveolar walls Abundant neutrophils are seen in pneumonia. Fibrosis is...
openbookqa_2602	openbookqa	<ctx> atmospheric optics is " the study of the optical characteristics of the atmosphere or products of atmospheric processes.... [ including ] temporal and spatial resolutions beyond those discernible with the naked eye ". meteorological optics is " that part of atmospheric optics concerned with the study of patterns ...	[ "Seven", "eggshells", "meteor strike", "dark and Silvery" ]	D
mmlu_aux_7962	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> earth as well as repeated close encounters with the moon. the moon gravitationally perturbs's geocentric orbit, causing it to be unstable. over the course of's orbit around earth, repeated close encounters with the moon leads to ejection from its geocentric orbit as the moon's perturbations can transfer enough mo...	[ "twelve", "three", "one", "six" ]	B	null
aquarat_5415	aquarat	<ctx> for their 2019 report. numerous news outlets use a starting birth year of 1997, often citing pew research center. various think tanks and analytics companies also have set a 1997 start date, as do various management and consulting firms. in a 2022 report, the u. s. census designates generation z as " the youngest...	[ "A)11", "B)10", "C)12", "D)17" ]	B	B 10 (X + Y) â€“ (Y + Z) = 10 X â€“ Z = 10
qasc_2582	qasc	<ctx> the most essential elements like carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus - - elements needed for plant growth. they also can gather soil particles from differing depths of soil and deposit them in other places, leading to the mixing of soil so it is richer with nutrients and other elements. vertebrates the soil is also ...	[ "hydrogen and oxygen", "Chemical energy", "oxygen and methane", "critical organs" ]	A
pubmedqa_146	pubmedqa	<ctx> likelihood of having a hospital admission, an 8. 8 percentage point ( 15 % ) increase in the likelihood of taking any prescription drugs, and a 21 percentage point ( 35 % ) increase in the likelihood of having an outpatient visit. medicaid coverage also increased the likelihood of receiving recommended preventive...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	B
openbookqa_287	openbookqa	<ctx> 23, 1995, because of the devolution of powers to the regions, the minister of agriculture luis maria atienza approved a royal decree merging two other agencies, the institute for the conservation of nature ( icona ) and the national institute for agrarian reform and development ( iryda ) to create the current oap...	[ "that curtail the growth of fragile animal species", "that open the parks to mining of natural resources", "that allow for littering", "that protect vulnerable animal inhabitants int he parks" ]	D
qasc_2194	qasc	<ctx> a cooktop ( american english ), stovetop ( american english ) or hob ( british english ), is a device commonly used for cooking that is commonly found in kitchens and used to apply heat to the base of pans or pots. cooktops are often found integrated with an oven into a kitchen stove but may also be standalone de...	[ "direct energy", "easier to digest", "deoxyribonucleic acid", "objects that have mass" ]	B
arc_easy_85	arc_easy	<ctx> models, the simplest being the nearly free electron model. minerals minerals are naturally occurring solids formed through various geological processes under high pressures. to be classified as a true mineral, a substance must have a crystal structure with uniform physical properties throughout. minerals range in...	[ "cleavage", "hardness", "luster", "streak" ]	D
openbookqa_268	openbookqa	<ctx> " \| 162 \| \| september 28 \| \| reds \| \| 11 – 4 \| \| thompson ( 6 - 3 ) \| \| pettyjohn ( 0 - 1 ) \| \| \| \| 43, 300 \| \| 86 - 76 \| - * june 17, originally 43, 793 reported. * * july 5, largest ever at busch stadium. players roster scoring by inning player stats batting note : g = games played ; ab = at bats ; r = runs ; h...	[ "have live births", "eat only meat", "incubate their food", "incubate their young" ]	D
medmcqa_9696	medmcqa	<ctx> ##cobacterium avium complex ( mac ) cells black and pink, respectively. while some mycobacteria can take up to eight weeks to grow visible colonies from a cultured sample, most clinically relevant species will grow within the first four weeks, allowing physicians to consider alternative causes if negative reading...	[ "Ciprofloxacin", "Clarithromycin", "Rifabutin", "Pyrazinamide" ]	D
medmcqa_4031	medmcqa	<ctx> and the most common symptom reported by women of all races is shortness of breath. other symptoms more commonly reported by women than men are extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, indigestion, and anxiety. however, some women do experience irregular heartbeat, dizziness, sweating, and nausea. burning, pain, or pr...	[ "Ecotopic secretion", "Parathyroid hyperplasia", "Parathyroid adenoma", "Parathyroid carcinoma" ]	C	Ans. is 'c' i.e., Parathyroid adenoma o Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia overall. o The frequency of the various parathyroid lesions underlying the hyperfunction is as follows : ? Parathyroid adenoma - 75% to 80% Primary hyperplasia - 10% to 15% Parathyroid carcinoma- < 5% o After h...
arc_easy_1276	arc_easy	<ctx> much larger metropolises, subsequently creating ubiquitous traffic issues with the accompanying construction of new highways, wider streets, and alternative walkways for pedestrians. however, severe traffic jams still occur regularly in cities around the world, as private car ownership and urbanization continue t...	[ "by reducing the amount of pollution", "by increasing the number of car sales", "by increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air", "by eliminating the possibility of accidents" ]	A
medmcqa_2121	medmcqa	<ctx> be reactivated upon re - acidification. the stability of pepsin at high ph has significant implications on disease attributed to laryngopharyngeal reflux. pepsin remains in the larynx following a gastric reflux event. at the mean ph of the laryngopharynx ( ph = 6. 8 ) pepsin would be inactive but could be reactiv...	[ "Trigeminal neuralgia", "Glossopharyngeal neuralgia", "Facial neuralgia", "None of the above" ]	B	(B) Glossopharyngeal neuralgia # Nerve Supply of Tonsils:* Lesser palatine branches of sphenopalatine ganglion (CN V) and glossopharyngeal nerve provide sensory nerve supply.
mmlu_aux_3848	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> ##s it when the accelerator is pressed down. this automation is much simpler with an electric motor. also, see dual power above. alternative green vehicles other types of green vehicles include other vehicles that go fully or partly on alternative energy sources than fossil fuel. another option is to use alternat...	[ "has a complete gasoline motor", "runs electrically all the time", "uses gas and electric power alternatively", "gets power almost always from gasoline" ]	C	null
mmlu_aux_2802	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> consumer electronics or home electronics are electronic ( analog or digital ) equipment intended for everyday use, typically in private homes. consumer electronics include devices used for entertainment, communications and recreation. usually referred to as black goods due to many products being housed in black o...	[ "Electronics: People's Most Favorite Gifts this year", "Which is More Popular, the Apple iPad Mini or the Google Nexus 7?", "Latest Technology Products", "More Electronics to Choose from" ]	A	null
qasc_6629	qasc	<ctx> efficiency, alternative energy sources, forest conservation, and eco - friendly consumption. sustainability the first generation of sustainable gardens at the chicago botanic garden were the victory gardens of world wars i and ii. today's gardens incorporate food and paper scrap composting, sustainable irrigation...	[ "global warming", "lack of sunlight", "birds", "sugar" ]	C
medmcqa_1970	medmcqa	<ctx> th - 2 and th - 17 pathways are commonly activated in asian people ) possibly explaining the differences in phenotypic presentation of atopic dermatitis in specific populations. mutations in the filaggrin gene, flg, also cause impairment in the skin barrier that contributes to the pathogenesis of ad. filaggrin is...	[ "Antigen presenting cells", "Pigment producing cells", "Keratin synthesisng cells", "Sensory neurons" ]	A	A i.e Antigen presenting cells
arc_challenge_707	arc_challenge	<ctx> 17. 1 728 17 • physics of hearing access for free at openstax. org figure 17. 8 a sound wave emanates from a source vibrating at a frequency, propagates at, and has a wavelength. table 17. 1 makes it apparent that the speed of sound varies greatly in different media. the speed of sound in a medium is determined b...	[ "air.", "iron.", "water.", "a vacuum." ]	B
pubmedqa_630	pubmedqa	<ctx> rev genom hum genet, 2 : 213 - 233. 2001. collins fs, guttmacher ae. genetics moves into the medical mainstream. jama, 286 : 2322 - 2324. 2001. guttmacher ae, jenkins j, uhlmann w r. genomic medicine : who will practice it? a call to open arms. amer j med genetics, 106 : 216 - 222. 2001. innis jw, goodman fr, bac...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
mmlu_aux_2382	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> reasonable : does it make sense? as an example, be certain that the temperature change does not also cause a phase change that you have not taken into account. check your understanding why does snow remain on mountain slopes even when daytime temperatures are higher than the freezing temperature? solution snow is...	[ "snow is actually white", "snow crystals are white", "the reflected light is white", "the ice particles are white" ]	C	null
qasc_6319	qasc	<ctx> virtual reality sickness, or vr sickness occurs when exposure to a virtual environment causes symptoms that are similar to motion sickness symptoms. the most common symptoms are general discomfort, eye strain, headache, stomach awareness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, sweating, fatigue, drowsiness, disorientation, an...	[ "smell", "sight", "balance", "heat" ]	C
aquarat_20731	aquarat	<ctx> then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops? checking each number in order. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) out : solving for, we find that 5. 10 now equal this new number ( which is the next prime ), and repeat from step 3. when the algorithm te...	[ "A)2", "B)121", "C)124", "D)41" ]	B	13-1 =2 23-1 = 5 53-1 = 14 143-1 = 41 41*3 -1 = 122 ANSWER:B
pubmedqa_305	pubmedqa	<ctx> . 1176 / appi. ajp. 2020. 19111133. pmid : 32867521. weissman mm. big data begin in psychiatry. jama psychiatry. 2020. 77 ( 9 ) : 967 - 973. doi : 10. 1001 / jamapsychiatry. 2020. 0954. pmid : 32401285. kayser j, tenke c, svob c, miller l, skipper j, warner v, wickramaratne p, weissman mm. family risk for depress...	[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]	A
medmcqa_5499	medmcqa	<ctx> 17. 7 ultrasound if a tree falls in the forest and no one is there to hear it, does it make a sound? the answer to this old philosophical question depends on how you define sound. if sound only exists when someone is around to perceive it, then there was no sound. however, if we define sound in terms of physics ;...	[ "20-30db", "30-40db", "40-50db", "50-60db" ]	A	Sound levels of some noises: Whisper: 20-30db Normal conversation 60-70db Mechanical damage; 150-160db Acceptable noise levels: expressed in db (A), sound pressure levels conforming to weighing curve (A) acceptable noise level < 85dbAuditory fatigue > 90 dbPermanent hearing loss > 100 dbTympanic membrane damage > 160 d...
qasc_1137	qasc	<ctx> " cracks " or " vents " thousands of kilometers long. these underwater mountain ranges are known as mid - ocean ridges. other seabed environments include hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and shallow areas. marine life is abundant in the deep sea around hydrothermal vents. large deep sea communities of marine life ...	[ "cracks", "chemicals", "limestone", "crust" ]	A
arc_easy_2115	arc_easy	<ctx> 1. 2 • physical quantities and units 17 stable definition of the kilogram. the kilogram is now defined in terms of the second, the meter, and planck's constant, h ( a quantum mechanical value that relates a photon's energy to its frequency ). electric current and its accompanying unit, the ampere, will be introdu...	[ "liter and quart", "gram and ounce", "kilogram and pound", "kilometer and mile" ]	A
qasc_5911	qasc	<ctx> typically north ) recede and the opposite ( southern ) shores sink. this causes the formation of new rapids and rivers. for example, lake pielinen in finland, which is large ( 90 x 30 km ) and oriented perpendicularly to the former ice margin, originally drained through an outlet in the middle of the lake near nu...	[ "winter", "break off", "Inches", "cold" ]	A
openbookqa_1835	openbookqa	<ctx> fortschr. zool. 25 : 283 - 293. 1974 on the evolution of habitat selection. pr. first international congress of ecology, pp. 401 – 404. 1998 articles on predation in encyclopedia of ecology and environmental management ( p. calow, ed. ) blackwell scientific publications ltd., oxford, england. 1 ) paradox of enric...	[ "shooting them as they come", "cutting their hair at night", "leaving lids off garbage cans", "putting garbage cans inside the garage" ]	C
qasc_1018	qasc	<ctx> bats have a high thermal conductivity. the wings are filled with blood vessels, and lose body heat when extended. at rest, they may wrap their wings around themselves to trap a layer of warm air. smaller bats generally have a higher metabolic rate than larger bats, and so need to consume more food in order to mai...	[ "dry and hot", "in the autumn season", "dry conditions", "coldest season" ]	D
mmlu_aux_8235	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> 25. 4 total internal reflection learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : • explain the phenomenon of total internal reflection. • describe the workings and uses of fiber optics. • analyze the reason for the sparkle of diamonds. a good - quality mirror may reflect more than 90 % of the...	[ "a black bag", "a yellow shirt", "a blue shirt", "brown shoes" ]	B	null
medmcqa_6015	medmcqa	<ctx> the overall physical effects and facial appearance of dwarfism with premature aging. other features and findings include : intrauterine growth retardation, congenital hip dislocations, winged scapulae ( shoulder blades ), pes planus ( fallen arches ), pseudoepiphyses of the second metacarpals ( upper bone of the ...	[ "Height of the lingual cusp", "Mesial inclination of the lingual cusp", "Flattened area beneath the contact on the distal surface", "Greater length of the mesial cusp ridge on the Lingual cusp" ]	B
aquarat_33879	aquarat	<ctx> in number theory, a probable prime ( prp ) is an integer that satisfies a specific condition that is satisfied by all prime numbers, but which is not satisfied by most composite numbers. different types of probable primes have different specific conditions. while there may be probable primes that are composite ( ...	[ "A)37", "B)37.8", "C)39", "D)39.8" ]	D	Explanation: Prime numbers between 30 and 50 are: 31, 37, 41, 43, 47 Average of prime numbers between 30 to 50 will be (31+37+41+43+47 / 5)=199 / 5=39.8 Option D
aquarat_35185	aquarat	<ctx> the answer should also have three significant figures. the answer 30. 0 km / hr does indeed have three significant figures, so this is appropriate. note that the significant figures in the conversion factor are not relevant because an hour is defined to be 60 minutes, so the precision of the conversion factor is ...	[ "A)55 kmph", "B)45 kmph", "C)54 kmph", "D)35 kmph" ]	B	B 45 kmph Let the distance to be travelled to catch the bus be x km x/30 - x/40 = 30/60 => (4x - 3x)/120 = 1/2 => x = 60 km By traavelling 30 kmph time taken = 60/30 = 2 hours By taking 2 hours, he is late by 40 min. So, he has to cover 60 km in at most speed = 60/(4/3) = 45 kmph.
mmlu_aux_8787	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> , resulting in a diverse community of zooplankton. the invertebrate fauna is a vital food source for birds and fish, the most abundant fish in the wetland being liza richardsonii. updated from south african biodiversity database < http : / / www. biodiversity. co. za / > as species present on site on 2010 / 12 / ...	[ "a tree", "a whale", "a warthog", "an alligator" ]	D	null
openbookqa_1866	openbookqa	<ctx> . the two sides reached a compromise to upgrade to tier 3 and delay the tier 4 update for when the technology is available and cost effective. other causes other activities that contribute to water pollution include : accidental leaks and spills from chemical handling, such as petroleum household disposal of prod...	[ "compost pile", "grass seeds", "recycling center", "trash heap" ]	D
arc_easy_1013	arc_easy	<ctx> theory, and geocentrism, which all take a literal view of the book of genesis, the universe, and all forms of life on earth were created directly by god roughly 6, 000 years ago, a global flood killed almost all life on earth, and the diversity of languages originated from god confusing his people, who were in th...	[ "rivers rising due to storms and floods", "evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant", "weathering of a rock to form small rocks and sand", "movement of small pieces of rock by flowing water" ]	C
medmcqa_8005	medmcqa	<ctx> ##mpani is responsible for taste ), one of its branches — the lingual nerve — carries sensation from the tongue. the peripheral processes of mesencephalic nucleus of v neurons run in the motor root of the trigeminal nerve and terminate in the muscle spindles in the muscles of mastication. they are proprioceptive ...	[ "Auriculotemporal nerve", "Greater auricular nerve", "Zygomaticotemporal nerve", "Buccal nerve" ]	B	(b) Greater auricular nerve(Ref. Cummings, 6th ed., 1254)The nerve that supplies skin over the angle of mandible is Greater auricular Nerve. Sometimes during parotid surgeries, Greater auricular Nerve also gets injured along with the Auriculotemporal Nerve. In this situation with the aberrant regeneration of the Auricu...
aquarat_1138	aquarat	<ctx> in mathematics, the remainder is the amount " left over " after performing some computation. in arithmetic, the remainder is the integer " left over " after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient ( integer division ). in algebra of polynomials, the remainder is the polynomial " left over "...	[ "A)11", "B)14", "C)13", "D)16" ]	C	Here N = 18=2×32 ϕ(18)=18(1−12)(1−13) = 6 So 56 when divided by 18, remainder is 1. So we can write the given expression 5100=(56)16×54 = (1)16×54 = 52×52=7×7=49 Now 49 when divided by 18, remainder is 13. C
qasc_1366	qasc	<ctx> the point where the laser beam enters the eye. most of the light is absorbed by melanin pigments in the pigment epithelium just behind the photoreceptors, and causes burns in the retina. ultraviolet light with wavelengths shorter than 400 nm tends to be absorbed by lens and 300 nm in the cornea, where it can prod...	[ "flooding", "an object", "vinegar", "dogs" ]	C
medmcqa_9967	medmcqa	<ctx> potentially treat other diseases including visceral leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness ), and angelman syndrome. total synthesis another main contribution of mark cushman and his group deals with the synthesis of various natural products and pharmacologically active synthetic substances. s...	[ "Glucocorticoids", "Cyclosporine", "Cephalosporin", "Azathioprine" ]	C	Ans. (C) Cephalosporin(Ref: Principles of Pharmacology, 1/e p912; KDT 8/e p937)Cephalosporins are b-lactam antibiotics whereas other drugs are immunosuppressants.
qasc_1184	qasc	<ctx> the genetical evolution of social behaviour. ii. journal of theoretical biology 7. hews, d. k. 1988. alarm response in larval western toads, bufo boreas : release of larval chemicals by a natural predator and its effect on predator capture efficiency. animal behaviour 36 : 125 - 133. hews, d. k., and a. r. blaust...	[ "feathers", "critical organs", "organs", "sense organs" ]	D
qasc_7185	qasc	<ctx> and navy safety training, and an enjoyable leisure activity. underwater diving without breathing apparatus can be categorised as underwater swimming, snorkelling and freediving. these categories overlap considerably. several competitive underwater sports are practised without breathing apparatus. freediving precl...	[ "Smoking", "respiratory systems", "deuterostomes", "cigarettes" ]	C
aquarat_36847	aquarat	<ctx> 13. 2 • thermal expansion of solids and liquids 543 solution ( a ) the change in volume is proportional to the original volume. block a has a volume of. block b has a volume of which is 4 times that of block a. thus the change in volume of block b should be 4 times the change in volume of block a. ( b ) the chang...	[ "A)10000", "B)2777", "C)2657", "D)2876" ]	A	100 * 100 = 10000 125 * 80 = 10000 No change Answer: A
aquarat_10197	aquarat	<ctx> 7. 1 work : the scientific definition 1. how much work does a supermarket checkout attendant do on a can of soup he pushes 0. 600 m horizontally with a force of 5. 00 n? express your answer in joules and kilocalories. 2. a 75. 0 - kg person climbs stairs, gaining 2. 50 meters in height. find the work done to acco...	[ "A)5", "B)6", "C)7", "D)8" ]	D	P's rate is 1/12 Q's rate is 1/24 The combined rate is 1/12 + 1/24 = 1/8 If they work together, the job will take 8 days. The answer is D.
medmcqa_6669	medmcqa	<ctx> the glycocalyx can be triggered by inflammatory stimuli, such as tumor necrosis factor - alpha. whatever the stimulus is, however, shedding of the glycocalyx leads to a drastic increase in vascular permeability. vascular walls being permeable is disadvantageous, since that would enable passage of some macromolecu...	[ "Polyarteritis nodosa", "Wegener's granulomatosis", "Kawasaki disease", "Microscopic polyangitis" ]	C	Kawasaki disease - Only one Vasculitis non-necrotising.
mmlu_aux_5251	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> the atmosphere, a gas that is required by nearly all living things to carry out cellular respiration. in addition, they are influential in the global carbon and water cycles and plant roots bind and stabilise soils, preventing soil erosion. plants are crucial to the future of human society as they provide food, o...	[ "Some of the animals", "All the things", "Some of the plants", "All the animals and plants" ]	D	null
aquarat_16391	aquarat	<ctx> mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif...	[ "A)36", "B)40", "C)56", "D)65" ]	B	Let the present boys be x boys. Then the number of girls at present = 5x. Before the boys had left : Number of boys = x + 45 and number of girls = 5x. x + 45 = 2 * 5x ===> x + 45 = 10x ==> 9x = 45, x = 5. Hence, the number of girls in the beginning = 5x +15 = 25 + 15 = 40 so the correct answer is option B) 40.
qasc_4028	qasc	<ctx> change ) creates the final pattern signaled by large scale change in species caused by significant enough changes in the environment on a global scale. when the increasing environmental stress reaches a certain threshold, it causes widespread extinction and speciation, alongside migration. this pattern includes w...	[ "alleles", "retina", "species", "the sun" ]	C
qasc_4098	qasc	<ctx> pests. ecology plant diversity in arises from complex interactions between several factors that are not fully understood. these include environmental stability, the tropical climate that is favorable to plant growth, and their close proximity to the owners'domestic activities. other natural factors are size, temp...	[ "high temperature", "forest communities", "temperature", "Temperature changing" ]	B
aquarat_19145	aquarat	<ctx> on an m - machine flow - shop with a critical machine. european journal of operational research, 201, pp. 404 – 408. b. mor and g. mosheiov. ( 2010 ). scheduling problems with two competing agents to minimize minmax and minsum earliness measures. european journal of operational research, 206, pp. 540 – 546. b. mo...	[ "A)2", "B)4", "C)6", "D)9" ]	A	Rate of machine R =1/36 Rate of machine S =1/18 since same no of machines used for R and S to do the same work in 6 hrs So collective rate needed to finish the work in 6 hrs= 1/6 Let the no of machine be x So, x/36 +x/18 =1/6 x3/36=1/6 x=2 So no of machine R is 2 Answer A
mmlu_aux_8135	mmlu_auxiliary	<ctx> de quebec, quebec city, qc iwk health centre, halifax, ns women's health program, eastern health, st. john's, nl saint john regional hospital, saint john, nb hopital sainte - justine, montreal, qc st. boniface general hospital, winnipeg, mb windsor regional hospital, windsor, on dr. everett chalmers regional hosp...	[ "a feathered animal with a beak", "a tail having tree dweller", "a modern sport utility vehicle", "a planet close to the sun" ]	B	null
medmcqa_3229	medmcqa	<ctx> new pcr kits. serotypes like b * 4401, b * 4402, b * 4403, each abundant within those with b44 serotypes could be determined with unambiguous accuracy. the molecular genetics has advanced hla technology markedly over serotyping technology, but serotyping still survives. serotyping had identified the most similar ...	[ "Ankylosing spondylitis", "Reiter's syndrome", "Rheumatoid ahritis", "Psoriatic ahritis" ]	C	Ref Robbins 9/e p215 HLA and diseases, the association of B27 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is the strongest. The B27 antigen is present in over 90% of patients with AS as com- pared with the B27 prevalence of 8% in Caucasians in general. A strong but slightly minor association has also been found between B27 and Re...

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