id
string
dataset
string
question
string
options
list
answer
string
explanation
string
medmcqa_2944
medmcqa
<ctx> breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo...
[ "Niemann Pick disease", "Neurofibromatosis", "Ochronosis", "Glycogen storage disease" ]
B
Ans. b (Neurofibromatosis) (Ref. Harrison's Internal Medicine 17th ed., Chapter 374; RRM 7th ed., p.316)# Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma) and Optic gliomas = NF-1.# Glaucoma = Sturge Weber syndome.# Retinal angiomas = VHL# GlaucomaNEUROFIBROMATOSIS# Autosomal dominant inherited disorder- pure neurofibromas (= tumor of n...
pubmedqa_269
pubmedqa
<ctx> ##matic rheostat of circadian function, and it does this by sending transduced signals from the cellular metabolites to the circadian clock. therefore, it is believed that at the core of the circadian machinery there is a method of chromatin remodeling responsible for insomnia. sleep apnea is a condition commonly...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
C
mmlu_aux_4953
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> , stars that have exploded. few experiments have been conducted in x - ray polarization since the 1970s, and scientists anticipated gems to break new ground. understanding x - ray polarisation will improve scientists knowledge of black holes, in particular whether matter around a black hole is confined, to a flat...
[ "Exploring Space", "Space Travel", "Living in Space", "Space Stations" ]
D
null
arc_easy_119
arc_easy
<ctx> the chapter on thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its accompanying temperature change, Ξ΄t, was introduced : where m is the mass of the substance and c is its specific heat. the relation applies to matter being heated or cooled, but not undergoing a...
[ "from gas to liquid", "from liquid to gas", "from liquid to solid", "from solid to liquid" ]
B
medmcqa_6520
medmcqa
<ctx> front of the sacroiliac joint, one on either side, and each bifurcates into the external and internal iliac arteries. iliac artery, external – the external iliac arteries are two major arteries which bifurcate off the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis. they proceed anterior and ...
[ "Psoas major", "Gluteus maximus", "Quadratus femoris", "Obturator internus" ]
A
Answer- A. Psoas majorIn children with abdominal pain, who hold their right hip in a flexed position to obtain relief from the pain, one should suspect retrocaecal appendicitis causing irritation ofthe psoas muscle.
qasc_6633
qasc
<ctx> efficiency, alternative energy sources, forest conservation, and eco - friendly consumption. sustainability the first generation of sustainable gardens at the chicago botanic garden were the victory gardens of world wars i and ii. today's gardens incorporate food and paper scrap composting, sustainable irrigation...
[ "pollution", "wind and animals", "hormones", "shockwaves" ]
B
openbookqa_399
openbookqa
<ctx> in time series data, seasonality is the presence of variations that occur at specific regular intervals less than a year, such as weekly, monthly, or quarterly. seasonality may be caused by various factors, such as weather, vacation, and holidays and consists of periodic, repetitive, and generally regular and pre...
[ "when some flowers cease to bloom in the cold months", "when ducks swim more in lakes", "when fish arise from water and sun themselves", "when all flowers bloom in the cold months" ]
A
arc_easy_1106
arc_easy
<ctx> heterochrony ), as exceptions to his rule. he thus intended the term to mean a change in the timing of the embryonic development of one organ with respect to the rest of the same animal, whereas it is now used, following the work of the british evolutionary embryologist gavin de beer in 1930, to mean a change wit...
[ "asexual reproduction", "cloning", "metamorphosis", "biological adaptation" ]
D
medmcqa_7827
medmcqa
<ctx> of support. stability is also increased by lowering one ’ s center of gravity by bending the knees, as when a football player prepares to receive a ball or braces themselves for a tackle. a cane, a crutch, or a walker increases the stability of the user, even more as the base of support widens. usually, the cg of...
[ "Cubitus varus", "Mannus varus", "Cubitus valgus", "Mannus valgus" ]
A
Refer Apleys 9th e p 372 Cubitus varus develops which is reduced carrying angle and Cubitus valgus is increased carrying angle
qasc_572
qasc
<ctx> virus nanotechnology is the use of viruses as a source of nanoparticles for biomedical purposes. viruses are made up of a genome and a capsid ; and some viruses are enveloped. most virus capsids measure between 20 - 500 nm in diameter. because of their nanometer size dimensions, viruses have been considered as na...
[ "Mass", "DNA", "SNPs", "RNA" ]
D
aquarat_18987
aquarat
<ctx> ##35637355132068513997507264512000000000 = 10068347520 this works out to 10, 068, 347, 520, which is much bigger than the ~ 14 million stated above. perm ( 49, 6 ) = 10068347520 and 49 npr 6 = 10068347520. however, the order of the 6 numbers is not significant for the payout. that is, if a ticket has the numbers ...
[ "A)330", "B)340", "C)350", "D)360" ]
A
1 11 21 .......91 2 12 22........92 3 13 23........93 . . . .. . .. . . . . .. .. . .. . . . .. . . .. . ... there are total 20 occurrence of 6. once place at 6 th row in every column and tens place in 6 th column and diff of 6 and 9 is 3 so 3*1*10+3*10*10 = 330 ANSWER:A
medmcqa_7987
medmcqa
<ctx> in common usage and classical mechanics, a physical object or physical body ( or simply an object or body ) is a collection of matter within a defined contiguous boundary in three - dimensional space. the boundary surface must be defined and identified by the properties of the material, although it may change ove...
[ "Hyaline bodies of odontogenic cyst", "Refractile bodies of radicular cyst", "Bodies seen in ameloblastomes", "Hyaline bodies seen in dentigerous cysts" ]
A
Rushton Bodies Rushton Bodies or hyaline bodies of odontogenic cysts feature as eosinophilic, straight or curved, irregular or rounded structure within the epithelial lining of odontogenic cyst Rushton bodies occur almost exclusively within odontogenic cyst Ref: Shafers 6th edition Pgno : 268
qasc_6764
qasc
<ctx> of the corrosion determines, including the understanding of the characteristics of the metal of which an object is made, will also determine the techniques and selection of materials that can be effectively used. the corrosion of metals is a spontaneous process of unintentional destruction caused by physical, che...
[ "swea", "Winter", "wind", "rivers" ]
C
medmcqa_6069
medmcqa
<ctx> biomarin pharmaceutical inc. is an american biotechnology company headquartered in san rafael, california. it has offices and facilities in the united states, south america, asia, and europe. biomarin's core business and research is in enzyme replacement therapies ( erts ). biomarin was the first company to provi...
[ "Methotrexate", "Gold compounds", "D-penicillamine", "Anakinra" ]
A
medmcqa_6748
medmcqa
<ctx> issues among the problems presented there are also issues with fluoride in africa and india, arsenic in argentina, chile, and taiwan, selenium in areas of the united states, venezuela, china and nitrate in agricultural areas. as medical geology grows it may become more important to the medical field in relation t...
[ "Copper", "Fluoride", "Iodine", "Selenium" ]
B
Water in some areas naturally contains fluoride, and dental problems in children are fewer in these areas because tooth enamel is strengthened. Fluoride can be added to drinking water, but opposition to this practice, from ignorance or fear, is common. Copper deficiency can produce neurologic defects. Iodine deficiency...
aquarat_29333
aquarat
<ctx> 1. 50 km, and the distance traveled was 1. 50 km. discussion distance is a scalar. it has magnitude but no sign to indicate direction. example 2. 4 calculating acceleration : a subway train speeding up suppose the train in figure 2. 18 ( a ) accelerates from rest to 30. 0 km / h in the first 20. 0 s of its motion...
[ "A)16", "B)18", "C)24", "D)40" ]
D
Total time taken = x/40 + 2x/20 hours = 5x/40 = x/8 hours Average speed = 5x/(x/8) = 40 kmph Answer: D
aquarat_26967
aquarat
<ctx> not on the value of the land transaction. investment estimates, rather than the price of purchase are occasionally given they found a number of reports in land databases are not acquisitions, but are long - term leases, where a fee is paid or a certain proportion of the produce goes to domestic markets. for examp...
[ "A)Rs. 1200", "B)Rs. 900", "C)Rs. 1000", "D)Rs. 800" ]
D
Answer: Solution: Ram : Raj = (8,000 * 1) : (16,000 * 2) = 1 : 4. So Ram's share = Rs. (4000 * 1/5) = Rs. 800. Answer: Option D
medmcqa_8696
medmcqa
<ctx> gallbladder ( known as courvoisier's sign ) may also raise suspicion, and can help differentiate pancreatic cancer from gallstones. medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography ( ct scan ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) are used both to confirm the diagnosis and to help decide whether the tumor can ...
[ "USG", "Plain X-ray abdomen", "MRI", "CT scan" ]
A
A i.e. USG Earliest detection Investigation Ascites USGQ Pericardial effusion EchocardiographyQ Bronchiectasis CT-ScanQ Fetal life DopplerQ Pleural effusion IA lateral decubitus viewQ Pneumoperitonum Erect chest X-ray or left lateral decubitus abdominal X-rayQ
medmcqa_9419
medmcqa
<ctx> ##is, but there is little good evidence to support this claim. traumatic rupture or detachment : the cartilage in the knee is frequently damaged but can be partially repaired through knee cartilage replacement therapy. often when athletes talk of damaged " cartilage " in their knee, they are referring to a damage...
[ "Ewing's sarcoma", "Tuberculosis", "Histiocytosis", "Metastasis" ]
C
Solitary collapsed vertebra (vertebra plana) with preserved disc spaces in a child suggests the diagnosis of Eosinophilic granuloma (a type of Histiocytosis).
medmcqa_6552
medmcqa
<ctx> the retrograde menstruation theory to explain why cases of endometriosis show up in the brain and lungs. researchers are investigating the possibility that the immune system may not be able to cope with the cyclic onslaught of retrograde menstrual fluid. in this context there is interest in studying the relations...
[ "Endometriosis", "PCOS", "Ovarian cyst", "Tubo Ovarian mass" ]
B
PCOS (polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) / Stein Leventhal syndrome Features of PCOD / PCOS Obesity Insulin resistance / hyperinsulinemia Hyperandrogenemia Anovulation Metabolic X syndrome Oligomenorrhea Amenorrhoea Rotterdam / Eshre /Androgen excess Society /ASRM criteria Diagnostic requisites : Any 2 out of 3 Anovulation/ ...
medmcqa_1681
medmcqa
<ctx> , sometimes called a'cold steel procedure '. onychodystrophy is a deformation of the nails that can result from cancer chemotherapy which includes bleomycin, hydroxyurea, or 5 - fluorouracil. it can include discoloration of the nail, or dyschromia. onychogryposis, also called " ram's - horn nail ", is a thickenin...
[ "Histoplasma capsulatum", "Serratia marcescens", "Proteus", "Klebsiella" ]
B
Serratia growsΒ inΒ sputum after collection and makes sputum red (pigment production) This condition is pseudohemoptysis.
openbookqa_3304
openbookqa
<ctx> reduce visibility, but with radar and precision positioning systems they are not as serious a hazard as in the past. nevertheless they may cause delays in some operations. in heavy rainfall appreciable quantities of water may enter unprotected openings, and must be removed before it has adverse effects on stabili...
[ "there has been excess condensed vapor", "animals are reproducing currently", "the local deities are angry", "the water lacks oxygen" ]
A
medmcqa_1917
medmcqa
<ctx> ( new york newsday ) in 1992, and used that platform to argue for gay rights and aids activism. during rotello's tenure at new york newsday, aids epidemiologists began reporting a " second wave " of hiv infections among gay men. some studies indicated that 40 percent or more of young gay men would become infected...
[ "Children rarely affected", "<10% of HIV infected person progress to AIDS", "Southern africa have 72% of total global burden", "Seminal secretion is more infectious than vaginal secretion" ]
A
Key facts about Epidemiology of HIV infection Reservoir: Cases and carriers Source: Virus is in greatest concentration in blood, seen and CSF (Lower concentrations in tear, saliva, breast milk, urine, cervical and vaginal secretions) Children under 15 years make only 3% cases Basic modes of transmission Sexual Blood an...
aquarat_34576
aquarat
<ctx> a vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate ( british english ), license plate ( us english ), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identification purposes. all countries require registration plates for road vehicles such as cars, trucks, and motorcycles. ...
[ "A)23,400", "B)60,840", "C)67,600", "D)45,697,600" ]
D
The choices give us the answer without any calculations-- 4 one digits places can take 10*10*10*10 ways.. 2 letters places can be filled up in 26*26 ways ans= 26*26*10*10*10*10=45,697,600 ans D
medmcqa_9882
medmcqa
<ctx> ##brous sheath at the optic disc ; not known to cause any visual disorders ; visualized as a linear, gray structure anterior to the optic disc. due to pfv ’ s close resemblance with retinoblastoma in particular, conclusively identifying pfv through advanced medical imaging is timely and crucial for an accurate di...
[ "Ocular sarcoidosis", "TB", "Behcet's syndrome", "HLA B27 Uveitis" ]
A
A i.e. Ocular sarcoidosis - Bechet's syndrome and HLA B27 associated uveitis are ruled out as both are non granulomatous. Sarcoidosis may cause granulomatous pan-uveitis, periphlebitis (causing candle wax drippingsQ or en taches de bougie), pulmonary lesions (Vt progressive dyspnea, pulmonary HTN & cor pulmonary), skin...
aquarat_17137
aquarat
<ctx> throws possible, this strategy must maximise the chance of scoring. the probability of scoring is where n is the number of dice thrown ; in this case 21. this gives the chance of scoring as approximately 95. 7 %, the maximum possible. the formula can also be used to calculate the probability of having a 1 and a 4...
[ "A)5/4", "B)9/8", "C)4/11", "D)5/36" ]
D
n(S)36 n(E)=5 P(E)=5/36 Ans: D
medmcqa_1537
medmcqa
<ctx> molecular geometry is the three - dimensional arrangement of the atoms that constitute a molecule. it includes the general shape of the molecule as well as bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles and any other geometrical parameters that determine the position of each atom. molecular geometry influences sever...
[ "Conformation", "Configuration", "Both of the above", "None of the above" ]
A
The terms configuration and conformation are often confused: Configuration refers to the geometric relationship between a given set of atoms, for example, those that distinguish l- from d-amino acids. Interconversion of configurational alternatives requires breaking (and reforming) covalent bonds. Conformation refers ...
mmlu_aux_3639
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> 18. 9 occurrence, preparation, and compounds of oxygen 79. predict the product of burning francium in air. 80. using equations, describe the reaction of water with potassium and with potassium oxide. 81. write balanced chemical equations for the following reactions : ( a ) zinc metal heated in a stream of oxygen ...
[ "Becausethe room was full of this strong smelling white gas.", "Because all the students started coughing and their eyes hurt.", "Becausethe liquid was a crylamide and that it is poisonous.", "Because someone was injured in the incident." ]
C
null
medmcqa_977
medmcqa
<ctx> sarah - jayne blakemore, co - author of " the learning brain ", has published influential research on brain development related to social cognition during adolescence. her research, suggests that activity in brain regions associated with emotional processing undergo significant functional changes during adolescen...
[ "Inattention", "Mental retardation", "Hyperactivity", "Impulsivity" ]
B
Inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity are the key behaviors of ADHD. Some people with ADHD only have problems with one of the behaviors, while others have both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. Most children have the combined type of ADHD. In preschool, the most common ADHD symptom is hyperactivity. It is ...
medmcqa_3034
medmcqa
<ctx> gallbladder ( known as courvoisier's sign ) may also raise suspicion, and can help differentiate pancreatic cancer from gallstones. medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography ( ct scan ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) are used both to confirm the diagnosis and to help decide whether the tumor can ...
[ "There is an increased rate of destruction of red blood cells.", "The unconjugated bilirubin is trapped by the bile stone produced in the bile duct.", "The conjugation process of bilirubin in liver remains operative without any interference.", "The UDP- glulcuronoyltransferase activity is in creased manifold ...
C
. The conjugation process of bilirubin in liver remains operative without any interference.
medmcqa_3681
medmcqa
<ctx> collagen fibrils, buckling of the collagen fascicles in the tendon extracellular matrix, and buckling of the tenocyte cells and their nuclei. diagnosis symptoms can vary from aches or pains and local joint stiffness, to a burning that surrounds the whole joint around the inflamed tendon. in some cases, swelling o...
[ "Osteosarcoma", "Osteoclastoma", "Osteochondroma", "None of the above" ]
A
Sunburst appearance of Osteosarcoma Sunburst appearance is a type of periosteal reaction giving the appearance of a sunburst secondary to an aggressive The sunburst appearance occurs when the lesion grows too fast and the periosteum does not have enough time to lay down a new layer and instead the It is frequently asso...
medmcqa_2410
medmcqa
<ctx> breadth of their symptoms, and the challenges of identifying impacted patients all complicate the diagnosis. these related conditions include : tunica vasculosa lentis : a capillary network that branches from the hyaloid artery and covers the lens surface ; if this capillary network persists, the lens does not fo...
[ "Normal-sized ventricles on CT scan", "Increased protein in CSF", "Papilledema", "Absence of focal neurological deficit" ]
B
medmcqa_5472
medmcqa
<ctx> hydrocarbons and has been used to break down tarballs and oil from oil spills. p. aeruginosa is not extremely virulent in comparison with other major pathogenic bacterial species – for example the gram - positive staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes – though p. aeruginosa is capable of extensive colon...
[ "Retinoblastoma", "Ophthalmia nodosa", "Phacolytic glaucoma", "Trachoma" ]
A
Microscopic pathological study in Retinoblastoma shows various patterns like Homer-wright Flexner wintersteiner Fleurettes Refer khurana 6/e
aquarat_29096
aquarat
<ctx> 26. 8 m / s ( 100 km / h ) in only 3. 90 s. ( a ) what is its average acceleration? ( b ) how far does it travel in that time? 29. freight trains can produce only relatively small accelerations and decelerations. ( a ) what is the final velocity of a freight train that accelerates at a rate of for 8. 00 min, star...
[ "A)300", "B)400", "C)500", "D)600" ]
C
Speed=(100 * 5/18) m/sec = (250/9) m/sec Length of the train = (Speed x Time) = (250/9 * 18) m = 500 m. Answer: C
medmcqa_8423
medmcqa
<ctx> by the presence of free oxygen. in an aerobic environment, free oxygen comes from oxygen saturated sediments, sources of precipitation, and plume edges. the free oxygen allows for the compounds to be oxidized and decomposed into new intermediate compounds. studies have shown that when btex and pah compounds were ...
[ "Radiant energy is absorbed by water", "H202 is formed by myeloperoxidase", "Ferrous ion converted to ferric ion", "Nitric oxide is converted to peroxynitrite" ]
C
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Ferrous ions converted to ferric ions o Free radicals are generated through Fenton's reaction.o In this reaction iron is converted from its ferrous to ferric form and a free radical is generated,o The effect of these reactive species relevant to cells injury include;Lipid peroxidation of membranesOxid...
aquarat_23369
aquarat
<ctx> 13. 73 566 13 β€’ temperature, kinetic theory, and the gas laws access for free at openstax. org we can use this and the data in table 13. 5 to do a variety of interesting calculations, keeping in mind that relative humidity is based on the comparison of the partial pressure of water vapor in air and ice. example 1...
[ "A)12.5%", "B)40%", "C)50%", "D)60%" ]
C
60 + 65 + 25 = 150% The number is 50% above 100% because 50% of the counties were counted twice. The answer is C.
aquarat_32254
aquarat
<ctx> the increase in weight. would find that you β€œ weigh ” much less, even though you do not look any skinnier. this is because the force of gravity is weaker on the moon. in fact, when people say that they are β€œ losing weight, ” they really mean that they are losing β€œ mass ” ( which in turn causes them to weigh less...
[ "A)131", "B)135", "C)156", "D)177" ]
C
Lets say J is the weight of Jack and S is the wt of his sister. If he loses 20 pounds, he s twice as heavy as his sister. J-20=2*S Also, together they weight 224 pounds J+S=224 solvong the 2 equation ,we get J=156 pounds ! C
medmcqa_3647
medmcqa
<ctx> healthy bladders of felines, where it prevents bacterial adherence and protects the bladder from the toxic properties of urine. cats suffering from idiopathic cystitis, ( i. e. unexplained inflammation of the bladder ) excrete lower amounts of gp - 51 along with other glycosaminoglycans, leaving the lining of the...
[ "Prostate enlargement", "Marion's disease", "Post. urethral valves", "Urethral stricture" ]
D
arc_easy_1593
arc_easy
<ctx> ##ive system also works with the circulatory system to provide the nutrients the system needs to keep the heart pumping. further circulatory routes are associated, such as the coronary circulation to the heart itself, the cerebral circulation to the brain, renal circulation to the kidneys, and bronchial circulati...
[ "skeletal and respiratory", "digestive and respiratory", "respiratory and circulatory", "respiratory and reproductive" ]
C
medmcqa_8415
medmcqa
<ctx> when the diagnosis is unclear or before starting a potentially hepatotoxic medical therapy. the easl suggests using fibrosis tests such as elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, and serum biomarkers to reduce the number of biopsies. in follow up, nice guidelines recommend that healthcare provider...
[ "Manometry", "Barium swallow", "24 hours pH study", "X-ray abdomen" ]
C
aquarat_1730
aquarat
<ctx> 10βˆ’1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )...
[ "A)3:1", "B)2:1", "C)1:3", "D)1:2" ]
A
Let 20% of A = 3/5 B. Then, 20A/100 = 3B/5 => 1A/5 = 3B/5 A/B = (3/5 * 5/1) = 3/1 A:B = 3:1. Answer: A
openbookqa_236
openbookqa
<ctx> unless the absorbed electromagnetic radiation is very intense ), interference, where the wave properties of light are exhibited, fluorescence, where the absorbed and emitted light have different wavelengths, non - linear effects, where very intense light can increase the energy level of an electron with more ener...
[ "something painted black", "surface with aluminium", "water condensation", "springs and coils" ]
B
aquarat_42118
aquarat
<ctx> ##0 = d. then Ξ³ an integer and Ξ³ = 1 Ξ³ ≀ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat...
[ "A)89/39", "B)59/11", "C)51/77", "D)41/11" ]
A
= (x^2+y^2)/(x^2-y^2) = ( x^2 /y^2+ 1)/ ( x^2 /y^2-1) = [(8/5)^2+1] / [(8/5)^2-1] = [(64/25)+1] / [(64/25)-1] = 89/39 Answer is A.
openbookqa_1312
openbookqa
<ctx> stations were deployed along interstate 5 in california enabling trips from los angeles and san francisco and two stations deployed along interstate 95 enabling trips between boston and washington dc. by mid - july 2013, 15 stations were open across the united states. the stations were developed and mass construc...
[ "eventually earning a lot of money", "being blown up by the governor of California", "eventually losing a lot of money", "reporting record third quarter growth" ]
C
pubmedqa_685
pubmedqa
<ctx> either short - lived or long - term benefits from the medication, but since cancer is constantly evolving, it often develops even more genetic changes that allow it to adapt and survive against the drug. this drug resistance allows the cancers to grow back despite previously effective treatment. this has become a...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
qasc_7013
qasc
<ctx> sediment transport is the movement of solid particles ( sediment ), typically due to a combination of gravity acting on the sediment, and the movement of the fluid in which the sediment is entrained. sediment transport occurs in natural systems where the particles are clastic rocks ( sand, gravel, boulders, etc. ...
[ "Dilution", "salt and water.", "flooding", "weathering" ]
D
aquarat_14132
aquarat
<ctx> combine to a product of small primes to an even power β€” that is, a subset of the whose squares multiply to the square of a ( hopefully different ) number mod n. method suppose the composite number n is being factored. bound b is chosen, and the factor base is identified ( which is called p ), the set of all prime...
[ "A)20", "B)21", "C)18", "D)17" ]
B
factors : 1,3,7,21 3*7 =21 Answer : B
arc_challenge_350
arc_challenge
<ctx> in statistics, almost sure hypothesis testing or a. s. hypothesis testing utilizes almost sure convergence in order to determine the validity of a statistical hypothesis with probability one. this is to say that whenever the null hypothesis is true, then an a. s. hypothesis test will fail to reject the null hypot...
[ "The Moon causes high tides.", "During which season are the tides the highest?", "What is the phase of the Moon when tides are highest?", "When the Moon is full, the tides will be at their highest." ]
D
aquarat_20764
aquarat
<ctx> checking each number in order. ( attribution : copyright rice university, openstax, under cc by 4. 0 license ) a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : β€’ x = 5 β€’ 3 * x - 5 β€’ 3 * ( x - 5 ) β€’ x β€’ type ( 1 ) β€’ type ('1') then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops? this sum ...
[ "A)15", "B)13", "C)17", "D)19" ]
B
B 13 Two series alternate here, with every third number following a different pattern. In the main series, 3 is added to each number to arrive at the next. In the alternating series, 5 is subtracted from each number to arrive at the next.
arc_easy_1436
arc_easy
<ctx> 1. 2 β€’ phases and classification of matter 15 figure 1. 8 ( a ) the mass of beer precursor materials is the same as the mass of beer produced : sugar has become alcohol and carbon dioxide. ( b ) the mass of the lead, lead oxide, and sulfuric acid consumed by the production of electricity is exactly equal to the m...
[ "It was an atom.", "It was a mixture.", "It was an element.", "It was a compound." ]
B
qasc_5500
qasc
<ctx> c4h10, used in camping stoves and lighters is an alkane. gasoline is a liquid mixture of continuous - and branched - chain alkanes, each containing from five to nine carbon atoms, plus various additives to improve its performance as a fuel. kerosene, diesel oil, and fuel oil are primarily mixtures of alkanes with...
[ "vapors", "energy", "pH", "heat" ]
D
medmcqa_2439
medmcqa
<ctx> membrane that run from the cell surface to the cell's interior which help to improve the efficiency of contraction. the majority of these cells contain only one nucleus ( some may have two central nuclei ), unlike skeletal muscle cells which contain many nuclei. cardiac muscle cells contain many mitochondria whic...
[ "Striated", "Large T tubules", "Troponin system present", "Caldesmon is impoant regulatory protein" ]
D
Some Differences among Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth MuscleNoSkeletal MuscleCardiac MuscleSmooth Muscle1StriatedStriatedNonstriated2No syncytiumSyncytialSyncytial3Small T tubulesLarge T tubulesGenerally rudimentary T tubules4Sarcoplasmic reticulum well developed andCa2+ pump acts rapidlySarcoplasmic reticulum present a...
qasc_4624
qasc
<ctx> food storage is a way of decreasing the variability of the food supply in the face of natural, inevitable variability. it allows food to be eaten for some time ( typically weeks to months ) after harvest rather than solely immediately. it is both a traditional domestic skill ( mainly as root cellaring ) and, in t...
[ "Cook it", "Energy", "Buy it in bulk", "mutations" ]
A
mmlu_aux_2621
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##siteit leiden : 1 – 101. 1936 some notes on the life - history of apoderus clavatus pasc. ( col., curculionidae ). ent. meded. ned. - indie 2 : 9 – 12. 1947 [ the study of the insect fauna of the east indian archipelago ]. verslag 101 ste zomerverg. ned. ent. ver. : x – xiii. reprinted in tijdschr. ent. 89 ( 19...
[ "this survey of moths has been carried out many times", "some scientists have put forward other explanations for the results", "scientists tried to repeat the original survey", "20-45% of tropical species were estimated to be at risk of extinction in 2004" ]
C
null
medmcqa_5221
medmcqa
<ctx> for sex steroid levels in the brains of fetuses that highlight features of early neuro - development leading to certain sexual orientations determine the precise neural circuitry underlying direction of sexual preference use animal models to explore genetic and developmental factors that influence sexual orientat...
[ "Gonadal development begins at 5th week of intrauterine life", "Y chromosome determines the differentiation of ovaries.", "Female external genitalia development is completed by 10 weeks.", "Male sexual differentiation occurs earlier than females" ]
D
Goandal development begins at 5th week of intrauterine life and Male sexual differentiation occurs earlier than female."The differentiation of the gonadal ridge into the testis by 43-50 days (7-8 wks) of gestation is a rapid phenomenon that contrasts with the slower and delayed development of the ovary, which will not ...
aquarat_16282
aquarat
<ctx> 100, which immediately proves that 100 is not prime. every positive integer except 1 is divisible by at least one prime number by the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. therefore the algorithm need only search for prime divisors less than / equal to. for another example, consider how this algorithm determines the...
[ "A)2.5", "B)1.35", "C)4.25", "D)6.12" ]
C
Prime numbers between 1 and 10 are 2,3,5,7 Required average = (2+3+5+7)/4 = 17/4 = 4.25 Answer is C
medmcqa_1746
medmcqa
<ctx> bond. it produces highly aesthetic restorations in a variety of shades is useful as well as its high mechanical strength. zirconia zirconia has a polycrystalline structure. it has a high flexural strength. however, both its optical properties and ability to bond are weak. its main advantage is its mechanical stre...
[ "It can be finished smoothly", "It has a low degree of flow", "It's non-irritation to pulp", "It's wear resistant is high" ]
A
aquarat_8084
aquarat
<ctx> ##0 = d. then Ξ³ an integer and Ξ³ = 1 Ξ³ ≀ 0 the value of is. to begin with, we shall simplify matters by concentrating a particular value of and generalise the result at a later stage. we shall use the value. the indicial equation has a root at, and we see from the recurrence relation that when that that denominat...
[ "A)-4", "B)4", "C)10", "D)27" ]
D
The fastest approach has already been shown. Here's one more option. Given: x + y = 9 x – y = 3 Add the two equations to get: 2x = 12, which means x = 6 If x = 6, we can plug that value into either equation, to conclude that y = 3 If x = 6 and y = 3, then xΒ² - yΒ² = 6Β² - 3Β² = 27 Answer: D
qasc_7479
qasc
<ctx> other organisms. domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. deserts, rain forests, plains, and other areas β€” including the most developed ...
[ "gastropod shells", "orchids", "invertebrates", "swamp vegetation" ]
C
qasc_3539
qasc
<ctx> may experience range - shifts in response to physiologic changes, outcomes are species - specific and not reliable in all organisms. as water temperatures increase, it is organisms that inhibit warmer waters that are positively affected, while cold - water organisms are negatively affected. warmer temperature als...
[ "animal or plant", "most organisms", "freezing", "hydrogen and oxygen" ]
A
aquarat_3169
aquarat
<ctx> | | 30 | | 36 | | 32 | | 48 | | 20 | | 66 | | 32 | | 44 | | 24 | -! 70 | 70 | | 24 | | 72 | | 36 | | 40 | | 36 | | 60 | | 24 | | 78 | | 32 | -! 80 | 54 | | 40 | | 82 | | 24 | | 64 | | 42 | | 56 | | 40 | | 88 | | 24 | -! 90 | 72 | | 44 | | 60 | | 46 | | 72 | | 32 | | 96 | | 42 | | 60 | | 40 | } in the graph at rig...
[ "A)23", "B)19", "C)17", "D)13" ]
D
f(26) = 2*4*6*8*10*12*14*16*18*20*22*24*26 The greatest prime factor in this list is 13. The answer is D.
qasc_7068
qasc
<ctx> the daughter cells begin the interphase of a new cycle. in contrast to mitosis, meiosis results in four haploid daughter cells by undergoing one round of dna replication followed by two divisions. homologous chromosomes are separated in the first division ( meiosis i ), and sister chromatids are separated in the ...
[ "ligt", "babies", "pollen", "meiosis" ]
D
aquarat_2407
aquarat
<ctx> 10βˆ’1 ( 0. 1 ; one tenth ) iso : deci - ( d ) legal history : 10 % was widespread as the tax raised for income or produce in the ancient and medieval period ; see tithe. mathematics – poker : the odds of being dealt only one pair in poker are about 5 to 2 against ( 2. 37 to 1 ), for a probability of 0. 42 ( 42 % )...
[ "A)2", "B)4", "C)6", "D)8" ]
B
Explanation: Half of 5 is 2.5. But given as 3. So take 1/2 of 5x = 3 β‡’ x = 6/5 Now 1/3 (10x) = 1/3 Γ— 10 Γ— 6/5 = 4. Answer: B
openbookqa_3273
openbookqa
<ctx> of bangkok, sometimes eating domestic animals. behaviour and ecology diet as with all pythons, the reticulated python is an ambush predator, usually waiting until prey wanders within strike range before seizing it in its coils and killing by constriction. its natural diet includes mammals and occasionally birds. ...
[ "a cockroach", "another frog", "a maple leaf", "a mouse" ]
A
openbookqa_31
openbookqa
<ctx> other options : alcohol stove beverage can stove billycan campfire cooking in tinfoil pockets cooking with green - sticks steaming food in appropriate green leaves using a metal grill using thin rocks as a skillet cook stove hobo stove portable stove rocket stove shichirin common utensils : knife, fork, spoon, an...
[ "a stack of clothes", "a stack of cans", "a pack of cigarettes", "a counter cooker appliance" ]
D
aquarat_33119
aquarat
<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 βˆ’ p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...
[ "A)1", "B)2", "C)7", "D)4" ]
A
625 = D(100/4)2 D = 1 Answer:A
arc_challenge_528
arc_challenge
<ctx> pruski and nearing indicated that, other factors such as land use unconsidered, it is reasonable to expect approximately a 1. 7 % change in soil erosion for each 1 % change in total precipitation under climate change. in recent studies, there are predicted increases of rainfall erosivity by 17 % in the united sta...
[ "People can drive off-road bikes across the desert.", "Ranchers can let their cattle graze in areas with little plant growth.", "Construction workers can wet the ground before driving on it or digging.", "Farmers can remove all plant material in the soil between planting seasons." ]
C
aquarat_31121
aquarat
<ctx> to the same real number – and there are no other duplicate images. in the decimal system, for example, there is 0. = 1. = 1 ; in the balanced ternary system there is 0. = 1. =. a rational number has an indefinitely repeating sequence of finite length, if the reduced fraction's denominator contains a prime factor ...
[ "A)3", "B)6", "C)10", "D)12" ]
B
= 3c2 x 2 = 6 can you explain your method. i solved it differently XYZ, where Z must be 5. therefore 1 variation of digit in Z. Y can be any of the 3 possible choices. X can be any of the 2 possible choices. 2+3+1= 6 B
arc_easy_982
arc_easy
<ctx> 4. 8 common misconceptions : mass vs. weight mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday language. however, in science, these terms are distinctly different from one another. mass is a measure of how much matter is in an object. the typical measure of mass is the kilogram ( or the β€œ slug ” in engli...
[ "The density of the object is greater on Earth than it is on Mars.", "The volume of the object is greater on Earth than it is on Mars.", "Gravitational force is greater on Earth than it is on Mars.", "Atmospheric pressure is less on Earth than it is on Mars." ]
C
qasc_2097
qasc
<ctx> biological molecules. ##peptide. proteins contain at least one long polypeptide chain. on to win the nobel prize for their seminal contributions ). however, the idea of measuring conductance to look at single molecules placed a serious limitation on the kind of systems which could be observed. fluorescence is a...
[ "genes", "animals", "alleles", "swea" ]
A
aquarat_19152
aquarat
<ctx> e ) the mineral brucite, mg ( oh ) 2 15 β€’ exercises 775 28. the following concentrations are found in mixtures of ions in equilibrium with slightly soluble solids. from the concentrations given, calculate ksp for each of the slightly soluble solids indicated : ( a ) agbr : [ ag + ] = 5. 7 10 – 7 m, [ br – ] = 5. ...
[ "A)12", "B)15", "C)20", "D)10" ]
A
SP of the mixture = 44, Profit =10%, Then CP = SP*100/110 44*100/110 = Rs. 40 per kg Using alligation rule, the required ratio = 31 43 \ / 40 / \ 3 9 = 1:3 If 36 kg is 3 part then 1 part is 36*1/3 =12 ANSWER:A
aquarat_38123
aquarat
<ctx> suppose we have two processes β€” process p1 with execution time 3 and process p2 with execution time 2. the arrival time for both process p1 and process p2 is t0. the system will start with process p1 at t0 and finish at t3 and process p2 will start at time t3 to time t5, as shown in figure 6. 22. the wait time fo...
[ "A)70 days", "B)55 days", "C)24 days", "D)40 days" ]
D
2c = 1/15+ 1/12– 1/10 = 1/20 c = 1/40 => 40 days Answer: D
qasc_7136
qasc
<ctx> stranger represented a potential loss of the new attachment figure and it was the fear of re - experiencing this loss that prompted their behavior. those children with stranger anxiety will rarely go beyond their caregiver to explore their surroundings. stranger terror elicits strong reactions from children as de...
[ "firecrackers", "an image", "Saltine crackers", "Wheat crackers" ]
A
medmcqa_3548
medmcqa
<ctx> wise, s. zooepidemicus is highly susceptible to penicillin, usually give for treatment, as well as ampicillin and erythromycin, but is extremely resistant to novobiocin, optochin, and tribrissen. genomic structure the genome of s. zooepidemicus is a single circular chromosome of 2, 024, 171 base pairs. the g + c ...
[ "Strep. pyogenes", "Strep. agalactiae", "Strep. equisimilis", "Strep. salivarius" ]
D
STREPTOCOCCI Streptococci are gram-positive, nonmotile, non-spore-forming, catalase & oxidase negative medically important bacteria. Many organisms of streptococcus genus cause human diseases.
medmcqa_7261
medmcqa
<ctx> , the quality engineer may temporarily increase the rate at which samples are taken from the process output until it is clear that the process is truly in control. note that with three - sigma limits, common - cause variations result in signals less than once out of every twenty - two points for skewed processes ...
[ "68.30%", "95.40%", "99.70%", "76.20%" ]
B
(B) 95.4% # In a NORMAL CURVE, the area between one standard deviation on either side of the mean will include 68%, the area between two standard deviations 95.4% and the area between three standard deviations will include 99.7% of the values in the distribution.> In a Normal curve: Area between one standard deviation ...
aquarat_13286
aquarat
<ctx> < 2465 * 5 x = 4 98 56 y = ( 2460 + x ) * x = 2464 * 4 = 9856 00 00 algorithm terminates : answer = 12. 34 binary numeral system ( base 2 ) this section uses the formalism from the digit - by - digit calculation section above, with the slight variation that we let, with each or. we iterate all, from down to, and ...
[ "A)6", "B)7", "C)8", "D)9" ]
D
x<y<z To find the least possible value for z-x; we need to find the values for z and x that can be closest to each other. If x is some even number, then what could be minimum possible odd z. If x is some even number y-x>5; y>x+5; minimum value for y=x+5+2=x+7[Note: x+5 is as even+odd=odd and nearest odd greater than x+...
aquarat_10686
aquarat
<ctx> _ _ _ _ : # body 2 a. x < 0 x = = 0 b. x = = 0 x < 0 c. x < = 0 [ no condition ] 4. which of the following is a valid chained decision statement? a. if condition _ 1 : # body 1 elif condition _ 2 : # body 2 b. if condition _ 1 : # body 1 elif condition _ 2 : # body 2 c. elif condition _ 1 : # body 1 if condition ...
[ "A)x^2 + 5x + 6 < 0", "B)x^2 + 5x + 6 > 0", "C)15 - x >0", "D)x - 5 < 0" ]
C
(x-15)(x-3)<0 can be written as (15-x)(x-3)>0 So,to inequality hold true multiple of (15-x) and (x-3) must be positive and if I let both elements positive/negative then the range becomes 3<x<15 Answer Choice C matched which says 15-x>0 or x<15,which must be true (I started to look from E to A for making easy decision f...
mmlu_aux_1841
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##kinney., eds. biodiversity dynamics : turnover of populations, taxa, and communities. 2001. drake, james a. handbook of alien species in europe. dordrecht : springer netherlands, 2009. drake, james a., and fred kraus. alien reptiles and amphibians : a scientific compendium and analysis. dordrecht : springer net...
[ "Green invaders----local living things", "Green invaders----dangerous food chain", "Green invaders----environmental protectors", "Green invades----threat to local nature" ]
D
null
medmcqa_9985
medmcqa
<ctx> cannot fit perfectly into the active site. so conformational distortion was introduced and argues that both active site and substrate can undergo conformational changes to fit with each other all the time. preorganised active site complementarity to the transition state this theory is a little similar to the lock...
[ "It decrease free radicals, reduces oxidative stress", "Helps in conjugation reactions", "Cofactor of enzymes", "Converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin" ]
D
Glutatione suppress the formation of methemoglobin. Rest others are functions of glutathione. It is a important intracellular reducing substance.
mmlu_aux_3026
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> the social network of colonies of social insects have been extensively studied as model biological networks. social networks across taxonomy social networks in hymenopterans ant social networks have three main types of individuals or casts. the three types - the queen, workers, and drones - all serve a specific p...
[ "To stress their importance.", "To protect the smaller ants.", "To attract their enemies.", "To save their ant societies." ]
D
null
qasc_5021
qasc
<ctx> , tropical indo - pacific andtemperate southern oceans. throughout all regions they are used as medicine, food, and their main source of contribution to humans is their sediment trapping and binding capacities. the leaves act as a trap and collect materials brought to the seagrass meadows. in turn this helps keep...
[ "major threat to health", "chemical energy", "direct energy", "electrical energy" ]
B
aquarat_26300
aquarat
<ctx> strategy for ( b ) the efficiency can be calculated with since is given and work was found in the first part of this example. solution for ( b ) efficiency is given by :. the work was just found to be, and is given, so the efficiency is 15. 26 15. 27 15. 28 Γ— Γ— 15. 29 15. 30 give the expected number of days. for...
[ "A)11", "B)5", "C)6", "D)8" ]
B
B 5 1/4 Γ’β‚¬β€œ 1/20 = 1/5 => 5
mmlu_aux_1848
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> , based on thermal response of the landing site measured by satellites currently orbiting mars. the mars reconnaissance orbiter also helps this cause in the sense that its cameras can see rocks larger than 0. 5 m in diameter. along with the possibility of the lander tipping over on sloped surfaces, large topograp...
[ "find soil samples and send them to the earth", "look for the icy land to dig for the soil samples", "take photos and send them to the earth", "find the remains of the Mars Polar Lander" ]
B
null
arc_challenge_755
arc_challenge
<ctx> ), is one of the largest in the world, covering around 10 million square kilometres. this is larger than mainland australia ( 7. 69 million square kilometres ). australia has a long history of indigenous, commercial and recreational fishing ( including charter fishing ) in our waters. wildcatch australia's commer...
[ "They would raise fish with as little pollution as possible.", "They would raise fish as economically as possible.", "They would raise fish from as many species as possible.", "They would raise fish to be as flavorful as possible." ]
A
mmlu_aux_4396
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##chemically different from the older regions, and that these differences related to igneous processes, not secondary processes like the interaction of water or ice with the surface of elysium in the past. " we determined that while there might have been water in this area in the past, the geochemical properties ...
[ "Any water reaching the martian surface will quickly evaporate and drift into space.", "It is known to all water, or of similar physical characteristic can't exist on the Mars.", "There seems to be an active glacier located in the mid-north latitudes of the Mars.", "The water ice accumulated at the martian po...
B
null
qasc_675
qasc
<ctx> the blood circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate. it includes the cardiovascular system, or vascular system, that consists of the heart and blood vessels ( from greek kardia meaning he...
[ "sharks", "trout", "pan", "toads" ]
B
aquarat_39321
aquarat
<ctx> of these interest and principal payments must equal the cumulative fixed payments at time t i. e. mat. evaluating the first integral on the right we obtain an expression for i ( t ), the interest paid : unsurprisingly the second integral evaluates to p0 βˆ’ p ( t ) and therefore : the reader may easily verify that ...
[ "A)22678", "B)26699", "C)29000", "D)19000" ]
C
Money paid in cash = Rs. 1000 Balance payment = (30000 - 1000) = Rs. 29000 Answer: C
arc_challenge_708
arc_challenge
<ctx> growth rate is accelerating because of second - order positive feedback between population and technology. technological growth increases the carrying capacity of land for people, which leads to a growing population, and this in turn drives further technological growth. prejudice, social institutions and poverty ...
[ "greatest surface area and most direct sunlight", "greatest surface area and least direct sunlight", "least surface area and most direct sunlight", "least surface area and least direct sunlight" ]
A
aquarat_31889
aquarat
<ctx> this list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and probabilities. each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in english - speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that ...
[ "A)12", "B)26", "C)16", "D)45" ]
D
15 * 30 + 36 – 26 = 450/10 = 45 Answer: D
mmlu_aux_4034
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> land. " sustainability researchers argue that analyses " [... ] of the environmental impacts of miscanthus cultivation on a range of factors, including greenhouse gas mitigation, show that the benefits outweigh the costs in most cases. " others argue that although there is room for more research, " [... ] clear i...
[ "reduce the carbon dioxide", "keep the carbon in the soil", "reduce the loss of nutrients in the soil", "absorb the carbon dioxide" ]
B
null
aquarat_44567
aquarat
<ctx> only through the function then is a sufficient statistic for the first term depends only on. the second term depends on the sample only through thus, is sufficient. to find the parameter that maximizes the probability function for the poisson population, we can use the logarithm of the likelihood function : we ta...
[ "A)61", "B)63", "C)65", "D)67" ]
B
X/210 = 30/100 100X = 210X30 X =(210X30)/100 X =6300/100 = 63 ANSWER = B = 63
mmlu_aux_3698
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> plant diversity. as altitude increases, temperature decreases, limiting plant diversity. coconuts and fruit trees tend to develop better in lower - altitude pekarangans while vegetables tend to grow better at higher altitudes. with better access to water β€” either by climate or by proximity to water resources β€” ar...
[ "is searching for the coyote melon", "is in charge of the research of agriculture", "feels somewhat pessimistic about the scientists' research", "thinks producing more food to feed the world is easy" ]
C
null
arc_easy_522
arc_easy
<ctx> are adorned with various spines, teeth, scales and bristles, which act to prevent the butterfly from mating with an insect of another species. after it emerges from its pupal stage, a butterfly cannot fly until the wings are unfolded. a newly emerged butterfly needs to spend some time inflating its wings with hem...
[ "fertilization", "metamorphosis", "asexual reproduction", "biological adaptation" ]
C
medmcqa_417
medmcqa
<ctx> weight optimizes informedness = specificity + sensitivity βˆ’ 1 = tpr βˆ’ fpr, the magnitude of which gives the probability of an informed decision between the two classes ( > 0 represents appropriate use of information, 0 represents chance - level performance, < 0 represents perverse use of information ). sensitivit...
[ "True negatives", "True positives", "False positives", "False negatives" ]
B
Ans. B: True positives Sensitivity denotes true positives
medmcqa_6735
medmcqa
<ctx> and socioeconomic factors. references for many of these environmental risk factors have been collected in an online database. there may be an association between non - celiac gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia in a small proportion of people, though large randomized controlled trials and epidemiological studies...
[ "Raised PAPP-A level", "Decresed beta-HCG level", "Raised estriol level", "Decreased AFP level" ]
D
Ans. D: Decreased AFP level Alpha-fetoprotein is made in the pa of the womb called the yolk sac and in the fetal liver, and some amount of AFP gets into the mother's blood. In neural tube defects, the skin of the fetus is not intact and so larger amounts of AFP is measured in the mother's blood. In Down syndrome, the A...
openbookqa_125
openbookqa
<ctx> , the number of full - time male homemakers has grown from 2. 9 thousand in 1991 ( 0. 13 % of the male population ) to 19 thousand in 2016, taking up 0. 65 % of the male population. on the other hand, there was a substantial decrease in the number of full - time female homemakers, with numbers dropping from 752. ...
[ "gestating and birthing", "making good dinner", "creating fun activities", "watching the babies" ]
A
medmcqa_1088
medmcqa
<ctx> increased level of social isolation, all add to the higher rate of male suicide in rural australia. alcohol there is a strong correlation between alcohol ( as well as other drugs ) and suicide in australian young adults. between 30 and 50 % of suicides, detectable substances are found during post - mortem coronal...
[ "Female sex", "Unmarried", "Age 30 years", "Married" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Unmarried Causes/Risk factors for suicidePsychiatric disorders : - Depression (most common), alcoholism (2nd me), Drug/Substance dependence, Schizophrenia, Dementia.Physical illness : - Cancer, AIDS, Multiple sclerosis, Head trauma.Psychosocial factors : - Failure in love, marital difficulties, family...
medmcqa_6137
medmcqa
<ctx> the most widely reported neurological disorders. approximately 12, 000 infants each year are diagnosed with germinal matrix haemorrhage or intraventricular haemorrhage in the united states. research in 2002, a dutch retrospective study analysed cases where neonatologists had intervened and drained csf by lumbar o...
[ "Breach of dura", "Onset of headache is usually 12-72 hours following procedure", "Commonly occipito - frontal in location", "Headache is relieved in sitting standing position" ]
D
Post Dural puncture Headache Pathophysiology - CSF leak - ICP |es - Traction on nerve fibres originating from piamater Site - Occipital > Frontal > Retrorbital Duration - 7-10 days Pathognomic sign - Change in posture aggravates headache Predisposing conditions - Dura cutting needle (spinal needle)* Most commonly seen ...
medmcqa_925
medmcqa
<ctx> declines with age due to the increase meiotic non - disjunction. after age 31 years, fecundity decreases and the probability of aneuploidy rate increases in the early embryo. the regular menstrual cycle is associated with the hormonal regulation from hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian axis. gonadotropin - relea...
[ "No effect on significance", "Previously insignificant value becomes significant", "Previously significant value becomes insignificant", "No change in hypothesis" ]
B
mmlu_aux_3043
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##ud, t friedrich, c zeeden, s schouten, l smik, a timmermann, p cabedo - sanz, j - j huang, l zhou, t - h ou, y - p chang, l - c wang, y - m chou, c - c shen, m - t chen, k - y wei, s - r song, t - h fang, s a. gorbarenko, w - l wang, t - q lee, h elderfield, d a. hodell, earth and planetary science letters, doi...
[ "The effects of Asian monsoons.", "The necessity of weather forecast.", "The achievements of Edward cook.", "A breakthrough in monsoon prediction." ]
D
null