id
string
dataset
string
question
string
options
list
answer
string
explanation
string
aquarat_44298
aquarat
<ctx> the birthday problem ), the answer is 2365. near matches another generalization is to ask for the probability of finding at least one pair in a group of people with birthdays within calendar days of each other, if there are equally likely birthdays. the number of people required so that the probability that some ...
[ "A)1", "B)7", "C)3", "D)14" ]
B
Explanation: Let, 1 spider make 1 web in x days. More spiders, Less days (Indirect proportion) More webs, more days (Direct proportion) Hence we can write as (spiders)7:1 (webs) 1:7}::x:7 ⇒7×1×7=1×7 × x ⇒x=7 Answer: Option B
qasc_2080
qasc
<ctx> intensified in china. 1, 740, 000 square kilometres of land is classified as " dry ", and desertification disrupts the lives of 400 million people and causes direct economic losses of 54 billion yuan ( $ 7 billion ) a year, sfa figures show. sulfur ( an acid rain component ), soot, ash, carbon monoxide, and other...
[ "soil destruction", "nuclear power", "Electrical energy", "Pollution" ]
A
qasc_1815
qasc
<ctx> in object - oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object ( prototype - based inheritance ) or class ( class - based inheritance ), retaining similar implementation. also defined as deriving new classes ( sub classes ) from existing ones such as super class or...
[ "Toxicity", "mutations", "chromosomes", "traits" ]
A
medmcqa_859
medmcqa
<ctx> the ureters have been resited as a result of surgery, for example due to a kidney transplant or due to past surgery for vesicoureteric reflux, that site may also become narrowed. a narrowed ureter may lead to ureteric enlargement ( ) and cause swelling of the kidneys ( hydronephrosis ). associated symptoms may in...
[ "Wilm's tumor", "Renal cell carcinoma", "Mesoblastic nephroma", "Oncocytoma" ]
A
Amongst the given options only Wilms tumor is common at 3 years of age :-  Wilm's tumor                  → young children (mean 3 years) Mesoblastic nephroma     → < 1 year Renal cell carcinoma        → > 40 years Oncocytoma                    → 25-95 years (mean 65)
qasc_1169
qasc
<ctx> motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48 % and 116 %. partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28 % greater between to downwind of cities, compared with upwind. some cities show a total precipitation incre...
[ "wind and erosion", "Earth revolving around the sun", "degrees Celsius", "exposure to cold" ]
B
aquarat_22201
aquarat
<ctx> ##lyphs, which were cast into a metal type element or elements ; this also encouraged a minimum set of glyphs. seven - bit ascii improved over prior five - and six - bit codes. of the 27 = 128 codes, 33 were used for controls, and 95 carefully selected printable characters ( 94 glyphs and one space ), which inclu...
[ "A)2 (26)^8", "B)26(26)^7", "C)27(26)^7", "D)26(26)^8" ]
C
26^7+26^8 = 26^7(1+26)=27*26^7 The answer is C.
arc_challenge_636
arc_challenge
<ctx> foot to lift or the person would collapse. thus, depending on the phase, the same sensory input can cause the foot to be lifted higher or held more firmly to the ground. " this change in motor response as a function of motor pattern phase is called reflex reversal, and has been observed in invertebrates ( dicapri...
[ "to rid the body of wastes", "to expel food that has no nutritional value", "to empty the stomach when it has too much food in it", "to remove toxic material from the stomach before it is absorbed" ]
D
aquarat_18396
aquarat
<ctx> . if it is not, then continue to the next word in the list and repeat the process. the first task is to identify a metric for representing the size of the problem. typically, time complexity analysis assumes asymptotic analysis, focusing on evaluating the time that an algorithm takes to produce a result as the si...
[ "A)2 hours", "B)5 hours", "C)6 hours", "D)8 hours" ]
D
Number of pages typed by A in one hour=32/6=16/3 Number of pages typed by B in one hour=40/5=8 Number of pages typed by both in one hour=((16/3)+8)=40/3 Time taken by both to type 110 pages=110*3/40=8 hours. Answer : D.
arc_challenge_772
arc_challenge
<ctx> 4. 2 • hypothesis testing 179 conclusion : the decision is to fail to reject the null hypothesis ; the claim corresponds to the alternative hypothesis. this scenario corresponds to row 4 in table 4. 8, which means “ there is not enough evidence to support the claim ” that the average oxygen level for female patie...
[ "repeat the experiment and check for errors", "change the observations to match the hypothesis", "redo the experiment until the expected results are obtained", "record and analyze the data after changing the hypothesis" ]
A
aquarat_8869
aquarat
<ctx> . math. pi * r * 2 7. which expression returns the integer 27? a. 3 * * 3 b. students. interviewing his students to determine why the vast majority initially rejected the equality, he found that " students continued to conceive of 0. 999... as a sequence of numbers getting closer and closer to 1 and not a fixed ...
[ "A)16", "B)10", "C)14", "D)12" ]
C
Explanation : Let the number be x 22x + 308 = 44x => 44x - 22x = 308 => 22x = 308 => x = 308/22 = 154/11 = 14 Answer : C
arc_challenge_562
arc_challenge
<ctx> chemical changes occur when a substance combines with another to form a new substance, called chemical synthesis or, alternatively, chemical decomposition into two or more different substances. these processes are called chemical reactions and, in general, are not reversible except by further chemical reactions. ...
[ "A student smells a flower.", "A teacher lights a candle.", "A student colors a paper blue.", "A teacher feels a rough cloth." ]
B
medmcqa_291
medmcqa
<ctx> dizziness headaches cold hands and feet pale skin dark urine jaundice chest pain pain in the back or legs vomiting or diarrhea heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat ( arrhythmia ), a heart murmur, an enlarged heart, or heart failure. these may occur because the heart has to work harder to make sure the bo...
[ "Nasal blockage", "Facial congestion", "Nasal congestion", "Halitosis" ]
D
According to Rhinosinusitis task force definition of sinusitis,Major criteria-Facial pain, pressure, congestion, nasal obstruction, nasal/postnasal discharge, hyposmia and feverMinor criteria- Headache, halitosis, and dental painRef: Hazarika; 3rd ed; Pg 328
arc_easy_1894
arc_easy
<ctx> mixtures such as salts, peroxides, and perchlorates may allow fluid flow at martian temperatures. analogues of mars landforms on earth include siberian and hawaiian valleys, greenland slopes, the columbian plateau, and various playas. analogues for human expeditions ( e. g. geology and hydrology fieldwork ) inclu...
[ "drier.", "larger.", "heavier.", "brighter." ]
A
medmcqa_8108
medmcqa
<ctx> rev genom hum genet, 2 : 213 - 233. 2001. collins fs, guttmacher ae. genetics moves into the medical mainstream. jama, 286 : 2322 - 2324. 2001. guttmacher ae, jenkins j, uhlmann w r. genomic medicine : who will practice it? a call to open arms. amer j med genetics, 106 : 216 - 222. 2001. innis jw, goodman fr, bac...
[ "Pigmentation of lips & oral mucosa", "Polyposis of jejunum", "Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice", "May turn malignant" ]
C
Ans. C i.e. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choict.
mmlu_aux_4990
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> million. however, in certain situations the risk of a shark attack is higher. for example, in the southwest of western australia the chances of a surfer being fatally bitten by a shark in winter or spring are 1 in 40, 000 and for divers it is 1 in 16, 000. in comparison to the risk of a serious or fatal cycling a...
[ "To keep swimmers running.", "To keep swimmers swimming.", "To keep swimmers safe.", "To keep sharks swimming." ]
C
null
medmcqa_1959
medmcqa
<ctx> trigeminal nerve carries general somatic afferent fibers ( gsa ), which innervate the skin of the face via ophthalmic ( v1 ), maxillary ( v2 ) and mandibular ( v3 ) divisions. the trigeminal nerve also carries special visceral efferent ( sve ) axons, which innervate the muscles of mastication via the mandibular (...
[ "9", "10", "11", "12" ]
C
Locked-in Syndrome: A pseudo-coma state in which an awake patient has no means of producing speech or volitional movement Retains voluntary veical eye movements and lid elevation Pupils are normally reactive. Aphonic because of the involvement of pyramidal fibers Involvement of medulla leads to 9th, 10th, 12th nerves. ...
mmlu_aux_5203
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv...
[ "no air", "no trees", "no water", "all the above" ]
D
null
qasc_549
qasc
<ctx> bats have a high thermal conductivity. the wings are filled with blood vessels, and lose body heat when extended. at rest, they may wrap their wings around themselves to trap a layer of warm air. smaller bats generally have a higher metabolic rate than larger bats, and so need to consume more food in order to mai...
[ "energy", "cool off", "evaporation", "Heat energy" ]
B
aquarat_10740
aquarat
<ctx> ##174 ), the total number of different possible keys in the advanced encryption standard ( aes ) 192 - bit key space ( symmetric cipher ). cosmology : 8 is roughly the number of planck time intervals since the universe is theorised to have been created in the big bang 13. 799 ± 0. 021 billion years ago. cosmology...
[ "A)1", "B)2", "C)3", "D)4" ]
B
EXPLANATION Let the numbers 13a and 13b. Then, 13a x 13b = 2028 ab = 12. Now, the co-primes with product 12 are (1, 12) and (3, 4). [Note: Two integers a and b are said to be coprime or relatively prime if they have no common positive factor other than 1 or, equivalently, if their greatest common divisor is 1 ] So, the...
aquarat_37364
aquarat
<ctx> element of the array can ever end up in its original position. similarly, always selecting j from the entire range of valid array indices on every iteration also produces a result which is biased, albeit less obviously so. this can be seen from the fact that doing so yields nn distinct possible sequences of swaps...
[ "A)1/4", "B)1/8", "C)1/2", "D)2/3" ]
B
because n(n+1) is always an even product of even*odd or odd*even factors, there is a probability of 1 that that it will be divisible by 2, and, thus, a probability of 1/2 that it will be divisible by 4 and, thus, a probability of 1/4 that it will be divisible by 8 and, thus, a probability of 1/8 that it will be divisib...
aquarat_9331
aquarat
<ctx> play have subsequently extended the wasp tool ( in partnership with dr scott brooker, one of the original wasp creators ) to include the concept of pressure, and have developed a range of enhanced player contribution metrics to support high performance programmes. wasp is now deeply embedded in nv play cricket, n...
[ "A)74", "B)25", "C)27", "D)91" ]
A
Number of runs scored more to increse the ratio by 1 is 26 - 14 = 12 To raise the average by one (from 14 to 15), he scored 12 more than the existing average. Therefore, to raise the average by five (from 14 to 19), he should score 12 x 5 = 60 more than the existing average. Thus he should score 14 + 60 = 74. Answer: A
aquarat_32349
aquarat
<ctx> equipment. a 100 mw plant will have 30 % less relative copper content per mw in the solar field and 10 % less in electronic equipment. copper quantities also vary according to design. the solar field of a typical 50 mw power plant with 7 hours of storage capacity consists of 150 loops and 600 motors, while a simi...
[ "A)5", "B)15", "C)55", "D)95" ]
A
P makes x sprockets per hour. Then Q makes 1.1x sprockets per hour. 550/x = 550/1.1x + 10 1.1(550) = 550 + 11x 11x = 55 x = 5 The answer is A.
openbookqa_1079
openbookqa
<ctx> 0° - 30° latitude. the greater wealth of data also allows woeikof to give a more accurately describe the extent of these winds, each of the three spanning 30° latitude from the equator on top of the other. another novel contribution was the realization that these wind bands shift with the seasons. when the sun is...
[ "earth's rotors", "earth's slant", "earth's games", "earth's tone" ]
B
medmcqa_4763
medmcqa
<ctx> , etc. ) are also withheld. mechanism of action its active metabolite, cidofovir diphosphate, inhibits viral replication by selectively inhibiting viral dna polymerases. it also inhibits human polymerases, but this action is 8 – 600 times weaker than its actions on viral dna polymerases. it also incorporates itse...
[ "Raltegravir", "Tiprinavir", "Enfuviide", "Etravirine" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Raltegravir
openbookqa_44
openbookqa
<ctx> - high - energy food, healthy sweetener, salts and baking soda ( rehydration etc. ), mini - emergency - fishing kit optional : small containers of sunscreen and insect repellent, binocular / monocular, electronics. belt : belt - pouch kits, optional : larger cutting tools, water container, sunglass case with glas...
[ "a paling of the skin", "a greening of the skin", "an even darker tone", "none of these" ]
C
arc_easy_1081
arc_easy
<ctx> ##2 as in step 4 pour off supernatant and resuspend cells in 5 ml ice - cold 0. 1 m cacl2 along with 15 % glycerol to combine pellets transfer the suspensions to sterile thin glass tubes for effective heat shocks add the required mg amount of dna in the suspension tubes, and immediately leave on ice place the tub...
[ "put all non-reusable glass in the trash.", "pour all used chemicals down the sink.", "collect and store recyclable material.", "return used samples to natural settings." ]
C
aquarat_6876
aquarat
<ctx> ##3316087694 3419156362946151249328917515864630224371171221716993844781534383325603218163 2549201100649908073932858897185243836002511996505765970769029474322210394327 60575157628357292075495937664206199565578681309135044121854119 rsa - 300 rsa - 300 has 300 decimal digits ( 995 bits ), and has not been factored s...
[ "A)57928256595", "B)59278256595", "C)57928262559", "D)59722422582" ]
A
5793405x9999=5793405(10000-1)=57934050000-5793405=57928256595. Answer is A
arc_easy_1529
arc_easy
<ctx> mutations and selection. advantages multicellularity allows an organism to exceed the size limits normally imposed by diffusion : single cells with increased size have a decreased surface - to - volume ratio and have difficulty absorbing sufficient nutrients and transporting them throughout the cell. multicellula...
[ "leaf cell", "yeast cell", "onion cell", "muscle cell" ]
B
qasc_5802
qasc
<ctx> 11. 1 • the dissolution process 549 when containers of helium and argon are connected, the gases spontaneously mix due to diffusion and form a solution ( figure 11. 3 ). the formation of this solution clearly involves an increase in matter dispersal, since the helium and argon atoms occupy a volume twice as large...
[ "opposite of evaporation", "Water expanding", "aqueous solution", "freezing" ]
A
medmcqa_3214
medmcqa
<ctx> potentially treat other diseases including visceral leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis ( sleeping sickness ), and angelman syndrome. total synthesis another main contribution of mark cushman and his group deals with the synthesis of various natural products and pharmacologically active synthetic substances. s...
[ "Pyrimethamine", "Albendazole", "Sodium stibogluconate", "Tinidazole" ]
C
Sodium stibogluconate, is drug of choice in leishmaniasis. Meglumine antimoniate, Pentamidine, Amphotericin B, Miltefosine, Paromomycin are alternative drugs Basic and clinical pharmacology Katzung 13th edition pg 902
aquarat_20813
aquarat
<ctx> mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif...
[ "A)0.25", "B)0.55", "C)0.65", "D)0.75" ]
A
Number of people whose age is less than 20 is given by 120 - 90 = 30 Probability P that a person selected at random from the group is less than 20 is gieven by 30 / 120 = 0.25 correct answer A
qasc_1254
qasc
<ctx> eyewear is a term used to refer to all devices worn over both of a person's eyes, or occasionally a single eye, for one or more of a variety of purposes. though historically used for vision improvement and correction, eyewear has also evolved into eye protection, for fashion and aesthetic purposes, and starting i...
[ "fissures of hot, acidic water", "rays or beams", "Looking at sunglasses", "Looking at bright objects" ]
D
arc_easy_409
arc_easy
<ctx> 14. 3 • phase change and latent heat 585 figure 14. 6 heat from the air transfers to the ice causing it to melt. ( credit : mike brand ) energy is required to melt a solid because the cohesive bonds between the molecules in the solid must be broken apart such that, in the liquid, the molecules can move around at ...
[ "mechanical", "magnetic", "sound", "heat" ]
D
arc_easy_1330
arc_easy
<ctx> . 3 the electromagnetic spectrum the frequency spectrum of the light. when all the visible frequencies are present equally, the perceived color of the light is white, and the spectrum is a flat line. therefore, flat - line spectra in general are often referred to as white, whether they represent light or another...
[ "gravity", "radiation", "electricity", "light" ]
D
arc_easy_163
arc_easy
<ctx> it will emit and the more quickly it will evaporate. see also quantum statistical mechanics heat capacity ratio statistical mechanics thermodynamic equations thermodynamic databases for pure substances heat equation heat transfer coefficient enthalpy of mixing latent heat material properties ( thermodynamics ) jo...
[ "It will melt.", "It will boil.", "It will harden.", "It will evaporate." ]
A
mmlu_aux_5283
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ##ctic information. journal of experimental psychology, general, 122, 184 - 194. herman, l. m., hovancik, j. r., gory, j. d., bradshaw, g. l. ( 1989 ). generalization of visual matching by a bottlenosed dolphin ( tursiops truncatus ) : evidence for invariance of cognitive performance with visual or auditory mater...
[ "they are above the water", "they are under the water", "they are very high", "they are very low" ]
C
null
medmcqa_4279
medmcqa
<ctx> the treatment - emergent aes reported, nausea was the most frequently observed in two or more healthy volunteers within each dosing cohort. a further study has examined the incidence and severity of aes in a cohort of 199 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and treated with erwinase. the study found that t...
[ "Phenytoin", "Hydrocoisone", "Ampicillin", "Phenylbutazone" ]
B
Drugs causing exanthematous eruptions are penicillin, sulfonamides, anticonvulsants, anti tubercular , allopurinol, nevirapine, phenylbutazone. Hydrocoisone is a coicosteroid is used for the treatment of severe drug reactions but will not induce exanthem
qasc_5624
qasc
<ctx> tropical cyclone activity and mud layers formed by storm - induced cave flooding. droughts on the other hand can cause groundwater levels to drop enough that subsequent storms cannot induce flooding and thus fail to leave a record, as has been noted in yucatan. other techniques : rhythmites in river mouths. these...
[ "soils", "rivers", "cellulose", "Collagen" ]
B
qasc_6415
qasc
<ctx> to provide the plant with sufficient phosphorus ( miller et al. 1995 ). phosphorus fertilizer the benefits of amf are greatest in systems where inputs are low. heavy usage of phosphorus fertilizer can inhibit mycorrhizal colonization and growth. as the soil's phosphorus levels available to the plants increases, t...
[ "incineration", "dry conditions", "Greenhouse gases", "clean water" ]
A
qasc_6318
qasc
<ctx> counteract this shifts by moving his / her hand an equal and opposite distance from the shift and still moves the cursor to the target, meaning he has developed a prior for this specific shift. when the cursor is then shifted a new, different distance from the same person's reaching hand, the person reaction is c...
[ "kinetic functions", "proprioceptive functions", "fencing response", "magic functions" ]
B
aquarat_11773
aquarat
<ctx> relatively balanced with 54 % boys and 46 % girls. high school level in pakistan grades 8 to 10 constitute high school education. public sector the total number of students enrolled in public high schools is 1, 500, 749. the 61 % of students are boys and 39 % are girls. overall enrollment decreases sharply at hig...
[ "A)150", "B)151", "C)250", "D)350" ]
B
Sol. Let the number of grils be x. Then, number of boys = (600 - x). Then, (11 3/4 × 604) ⇔ 11x + 12(604 - x) ⇔ x = 7248 - 7097 ⇔ 151. Answer B
arc_challenge_558
arc_challenge
<ctx> 9. 3 • stoichiometry of gaseous substances, mixtures, and reactions 447 figure 9. 24 greenhouse gases trap enough of the sun ’ s energy to make the planet habitable — this is known as the greenhouse effect. human activities are increasing greenhouse gas levels, warming the planet and causing more extreme weather ...
[ "a cooler climate", "a warmer climate", "lower relative humidity", "more ozone in the atmosphere" ]
B
pubmedqa_898
pubmedqa
<ctx> imaging, mammography, and computer - aided diagnosis of breast cancer. ( eds. suri and rangayyan ), 2006, pages 871 - 900. s. gupta, m. k. markey, a. c. bovik, “ advances and challenges in 3d and 2d + 3d human face recognition. " pattern recognition research horizons. ( ed. erwin a. zoeller ), 2007, pages 161 - 2...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
B
openbookqa_2312
openbookqa
<ctx> analogous process of species extinction, collapse is theoretically reversible. in other assessment protocols, the terms'extinct ','eliminated'or'disappeared'are often used instead of'collapsed '. critically endangered ( cr ) an ecosystem is critically endangered when the best available evidence indicates that it ...
[ "Extinct", "Near-threatened", "Vulnerable", "Endangered" ]
D
aquarat_35441
aquarat
<ctx> mr. jones has two children. the older child is a girl. what is the probability that both children are girls? under the aforementioned assumptions, in this problem, a random family is selected. in this sample space, there are four equally probable events : only two of these possible events meet the criteria specif...
[ "A)1/11", "B)11/38", "C)1/3", "D)21/47" ]
B
Probability of getting the first girl student - 11/20 Probability of getting the second girl student - 10/19 total probability = 11/20*10/19 = 11/38 correct option B
aquarat_7258
aquarat
<ctx> this list contains selected positive numbers in increasing order, including counts of things, dimensionless quantities and probabilities. each number is given a name in the short scale, which is used in english - speaking countries, as well as a name in the long scale, which is used in some of the countries that ...
[ "A)56", "B)57", "C)58", "D)59" ]
A
Basically, the question asks how many 4 digit numbers (including those in the form 0XXX, 00XX, and 000X) have digits which add up to 5. Think about the question this way: we know that there is a total of 5 to be spread among the 4 digits, we just have to determine the number of ways it can be spread. Let X represent a ...
medmcqa_1767
medmcqa
<ctx> ( 1924 ). problems of river pollution. nature 113 ( 2837 ), 385 - 386. carpenter, k. e. ( 1925 ). biological factors involved in the destruction of river - fisheries by pollution due to lead - mining. ser. no 84, rep. no. 77, ministry of agriculture and fisheries standing committee on river pollution. carpenter, ...
[ "Onchocerca", "Loa Loa", "Ascaris", "B. malayi" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Onchocerca(Ref: Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1421)* Onchocerciasis is also known as River blindness Q and fly involved is Simulium fly.
openbookqa_1023
openbookqa
<ctx> , and this possibly also interstage distortion. two power valves ( may be triodes or tetrodes ) being differentially driven to form a push – pull output stage, driving a push – pull transformer load. this output stage makes much better use of the transformer core than the single - ended output stage. the long - t...
[ "food chain of the monarch butterfly", "moon tugging on saltwater", "timeline of all humanity", "life cycle of land mammals" ]
B
openbookqa_1063
openbookqa
<ctx> of other objects in the sky, though varying thicknesses of cloud cover have differing effects. a very thin cirrus cloud in front of the moon might produce a rainbow - colored ring around the moon. stars and planets are too small or dim to take on this effect and are instead only dimmed ( often to the point of inv...
[ "gets closer to the person", "buys a new house", "builds a large park", "it puts distance between them" ]
D
aquarat_45512
aquarat
<ctx> imagine finding in envelope a, if we were to open that envelope, and suppose that a = 2n for some n ≥ 1. in that case the other envelope contains a / 2 with probability 3 / 5 and 2a with probability 2 / 5. so either the first envelope contains 1, in which case the conditional expected amount in the other envelope...
[ "A)$2,000,000", "B)$2,000,001", "C)$2,000,004", "D)$2,000,007" ]
C
In order to divide the sum in 6 shares, the amount must be divisible by 6 Divisibility rule of 6: The sum of the digits must be divisible by 6 Sum of digits of 2,000,000 = 2 and 6 is divisible by 6. Hence, we need to add 4 to this number for it to be divisible by 6 Correct Option: c Correct Option: $2,000,004
pubmedqa_976
pubmedqa
<ctx> uses a so - called physiocalibration. the cnap technology does not have this physiocalibration for which regular inflating the upperarm cuff must be performed. this transfer function compensates damping up to 2. 5 hz with an amplification of the signal of 1. 2. hence, the devices generally increase the beat - to ...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
aquarat_49798
aquarat
<ctx> a time, to see the result. here are a few expressions to try : • x = 5 • 3 * x - 5 • 3 * ( x - 5 ) • x • type ( 1 ) • type ('1') of addition and subtraction ). ( a ) add 1. 0023 g and 4. 383 g. ( b ) subtract 421. 23 g from 486 g. solution ( a ) answer is 5. 385 g ( round to the thousandths place ; three decimal...
[ "A)10x", "B)x+10", "C)x-10", "D)x/10" ]
B
The calculation described in this problem is 3(2 (4+ x) -3) - 5(x + 1), we can use the Rules to rewrite the expression as follows: = 3 (2 (4 + x) - 3) - 5(x + 1) = 3 (8 + 2 x - 3) -5 x - 5 = 3 (2 x + 5) - 5x -5 = 6x + 15 - 5x - 5 = (6 - 5)x + 15 -5 = x + 10 Answer: B
openbookqa_1431
openbookqa
<ctx> . wolbachia is associated with the nurse cells in the queen's ovaries in the species camponotus textor, which results in the worker larva being infected. behavior and ecology nesting carpenter ants work to build the nests that house eggs in environments with usually high humidity due to their sensitivity to envir...
[ "instinctual", "considerate", "learned", "a given" ]
A
arc_easy_654
arc_easy
<ctx> the types of needed resources, their relative availability in time and space, and how they are acquired. the ability to maintain internal chemical composition despite changes in the chemical composition and availability of resources is referred to as " stoichiometric homeostasis ". like the general biological not...
[ "carbon", "iron", "lead", "neon" ]
A
qasc_1037
qasc
<ctx> in nature, organisms are distributed neither uniformly nor at random. the environment is spatially structured by various ecological processes, which in combination with the behavioral response of species generally results in : gradients ( trends ) : steady directional change in numbers over a specific distance pa...
[ "h2o", "mating", "insects", "humans" ]
B
medmcqa_3308
medmcqa
<ctx> whether this association is due to an alteration of pathophysiology, a variation in symptoms, or a variation in care - seeking. discrete pathophysiology and carpal tunnel syndrome hereditary neuropathy with susceptibility to pressure palsies is a genetic condition that appears to increase the probability of devel...
[ "Amyloid associated protein", "Mutant calcitonin", "Mutant transthyretin", "Normal transthyretin" ]
C
Ref Robbins 9/e p259 Familial (Hereditary) Amyloidosis A variety of familial forms of amyloidosis have been described; most are rare and occur in limited geographic areas. The best-characterized is an autosomal recessive condition called familial Mediterranean fever. This is a febrile disorder characterized by attacks ...
arc_challenge_105
arc_challenge
<ctx> can be reduced either by reducing the time of use or by reducing the power consumption of that appliance or fixture. this will not only reduce the cost, but it will also result in a reduced impact on the environment. improvements to lighting are some of the fastest ways to reduce the electrical energy used in a h...
[ "Drinking water stays clean.", "Less trash is put in landfills.", "More nutrients are added to the soil.", "Fewer chemicals get into the food supply." ]
B
aquarat_32221
aquarat
<ctx> , for a set of randomly chosen people, what is the probability that some pair of them will have the same birthday? the problem itself is mainly concerned with counterintuitive probabilities, but we can also tell by the pigeonhole principle that if there are 367 people in the room, there is at least one pair of pe...
[ "A)84", "B)108", "C)135", "D)288" ]
D
Total # of teams of 3 possible is 14C3=364 # of teams with only managers or only non-managers is: 6C3+8C3=20+56=76; # of teams of 3 with at least one manager or at least one non-manager is: 364-76=288. ANSWER:D
arc_challenge_686
arc_challenge
<ctx> tied to natural disturbance events such as fire, flooding, and windstorm. as an example, many shade - intolerant plant species rely on disturbances for successful establishment and to limit competition. without this perpetual thinning, diversity of forest flora can decline, affecting animals dependent on those pl...
[ "adaptation", "cooperation", "natural selection", "ecological succession" ]
D
medmcqa_6395
medmcqa
<ctx> . this initial research resulted in numerous studies being done on the antibacterial activity of various glycylcyclines, with extra focus being put on n, n - dimethylglycyl - amino derivatives, due to their reported potency. the aforementioned research culminated in a 1999 paper describing the discovery of a comp...
[ "Azithromycin", "Tetracycline", "Chloramphenicol", "Puromycin" ]
D
1. Puromycin is an Aminonucleoside antibiotic derived from the Streptomyces alboniger bacterium. 2. It can causes premature chain termination during translation and the pa of it resembles the 3' end of the Aminoacyl tRNA. 3. It can inhibit protein synthesis in both bacteria as well as humans
mmlu_aux_8069
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> in optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components ( the colors of the rainbow ). different wavelengths ( colors ) of light will be deflected by the prism at different angles. this is a result of the prism material's index of r...
[ "dried dung", "pine martens", "teak", "jello" ]
D
null
medmcqa_2213
medmcqa
<ctx> – a sudden loss of blood flow resulting from the failure of the heart to effectively pump. symptoms include loss of consciousness and abnormal or absent breathing. some individuals may experience chest pain, shortness of breath, or nausea before cardiac arrest. if not treated within minutes, it typically leads to...
[ "Tetralogy of Fallot", "TAPVC", "Transposition of great vessels", "Ebstein's Anamoly" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tetralogy of Fallot o TOF is the commonest cyanotic congenital heart disease.
mmlu_aux_5244
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> and thus lacks a center. because of this, one could not imagine where an ethereal soul would go, due to the universe's infinite nature. they believe that infinity exists in time as well as in space, for all levels of life. raelians believe that humanity would be able to create life on other planets only if humani...
[ "astronomers", "farmers", "singers", "drivers" ]
A
null
qasc_1110
qasc
<ctx> respiration, or movement, or in the physiology of a certain area or system of the organism. biophysicists use experimental methods traditionally employed in physics to answer biological questions. computational biologists apply the techniques of computer science, applied mathematics and statistics to address biol...
[ "animal behaviorists", "it keeps an organism warm", "animal owners", "biological diversity" ]
A
openbookqa_2954
openbookqa
<ctx> t have a tougher time opening a door because they push lower than adults, they have a tougher time because they don ’ t push far enough from the hinges. ) 3. drops ( figure 2. 7 ). stranger represented a potential loss of the new attachment figure and it was the fear of re - experiencing this loss that prompted...
[ "rain", "evaporation", "voltage", "private documents" ]
D
openbookqa_338
openbookqa
<ctx> ' s magnetic field. the later ørsted satellite allowed a comparison indicating a dynamic geodynamo in action that appears to be giving rise to an alternate pole under the atlantic ocean west of south africa. governments sometimes operate units that specialize in measurement of the earth's magnetic field. these ar...
[ "to birds building a nest", "to lions roaming the Sahara", "to birds looking a warmer locale", "to whales trying to find a mate" ]
C
qasc_996
qasc
<ctx> motion, which can induce additional shower and thunderstorm activity. rainfall rates downwind of cities are increased between 48 % and 116 %. partly as a result of this warming, monthly rainfall is about 28 % greater between to downwind of cities, compared with upwind. some cities show a total precipitation incre...
[ "outer space", "mechanical", "coastlines", "our planet" ]
D
qasc_366
qasc
<ctx> are abundant and evolved rapidly, they enable geologists to date the surrounding rocks. in the paleogene and neogene periods ( circa 66 to 2. 6 mya ), sand dollars ( clypeasteroida ) arose. their distinctive, flattened tests and tiny spines were adapted to life on or under loose sand in shallow water, and they ar...
[ "characteristics", "centralized nervous system", "permineralization", "the body's largest organ" ]
B
pubmedqa_390
pubmedqa
<ctx> ., stevens, k. r., puga, f., patel, d. i,... olson, j, s. ( 2012 ). improving the odds through the collaboration success wizard. translational behavioral medicine, 1 – 7. colquhoun, h., leeman, j., michie, s., lokker, c., bragge, p., hempel, s.,... grimshaw, j. ( 2014 ). towards a simplified model of intervention...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
B
medmcqa_3100
medmcqa
<ctx> ; 112 : 814 – 840. carpenter, r. h. s. homeostasis : a plea for a unified approach. advances in physiology education 2004 ; 28 : s180 - 187. carpenter, r. h. s. contrast, probability and saccadic latency : evidence for independence of detection and decision. current biology 2004 ; 14 : 1576 – 1580. reddi, b. a. j...
[ "Acetylcholine", "Ergotamine", "Morphine", "Ibuprofen" ]
B
SPECIFIC ANTIMIGRAINE DRUGS Ergotamine: It is the most effective ergot alkaloid for migraine. Given early in attack, lower doses generally suffice, and relief is often dramatic. However, when pain has become severe-larger doses are needed and control may be achieved only after few hours. Oral/sublingual route is prefer...
medmcqa_9228
medmcqa
<ctx> dizziness headaches cold hands and feet pale skin dark urine jaundice chest pain pain in the back or legs vomiting or diarrhea heart problems such as an irregular heartbeat ( arrhythmia ), a heart murmur, an enlarged heart, or heart failure. these may occur because the heart has to work harder to make sure the bo...
[ "Coxsackie A", "Coxsackie B", "Mumps", "Pox virus" ]
B
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coxsackie B o The commonest cause of myocarditis is coxsackie B infection, which occurs any where from the age of a few hours to 7 weeks, with a peak around two weeks.
openbookqa_2974
openbookqa
<ctx> snow cover, allowing greater winter cooling, while in summer the surface material ( especially if organic ) will dry out and provide thermal insulation. thus the interior temperature is consistently lower than that of adjacent ground. this contributes to the formation of an ice lens which grows by drawing up surr...
[ "leaves growing", "blizzards", "bears starting hibernation", "leaves turning orange" ]
A
mmlu_aux_4662
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> ecology ( online ) 1 ( 2 ) : 1. walters, c. j. and green, r. 1997. " valuing large scale management experiments for natural resources. " j. wildl. mgmt. 61 : 987 - 1006. walters c. j. and korman j. 1999. " revisiting the beverton - holt recruitment model from a life history and multispecies perspective. " rev. fi...
[ "To encourage people to fish more carefully.", "To urge governments to change the rules of fishing.", "To describe the results of a scientific experiment.", "To introduce the rules of fishing to readers." ]
C
null
openbookqa_3216
openbookqa
<ctx> the southern african cheetahs ( acinonyx jubatus jubatus ) which have an enclosure roomy enough for them to run. at the end of the cheetah enclosure, the european circuit begins to the left. by going straight on the african circuit and travel along the enclosure of the african lions ( panthera leo melanochaita )....
[ "in different environments", "near each other", "in different habitats", "far from Earth" ]
B
aquarat_25863
aquarat
<ctx> ##3316087694 3419156362946151249328917515864630224371171221716993844781534383325603218163 2549201100649908073932858897185243836002511996505765970769029474322210394327 60575157628357292075495937664206199565578681309135044121854119 rsa - 300 rsa - 300 has 300 decimal digits ( 995 bits ), and has not been factored s...
[ "A)14", "B)16", "C)17", "D)13" ]
A
Multiples of 21 = 21,42,63,-----294 Number of multiples of 21 => 21*14= 294 Answer is A
aquarat_28699
aquarat
<ctx> area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. the area of a plane region or plane area refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while surface area refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three - dimensional object. area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thic...
[ "A)0 sq m", "B)7 sq m", "C)5 sq m", "D)4 sq m" ]
A
S = (1 + 2 + 3)/2 = 3 => No triangle exists Answer:A
medmcqa_9510
medmcqa
<ctx> hydroxethylruticide on intestinal toxicity induced by adriamycin. physiol chem phys med nmr. 1986 ; 18 ( 1 ) : 17 - 24. mcginness j. a new view of pigmented neurons. j theor biol. 1985 aug 7 ; 115 ( 3 ) : 475 - 6. gulati op, nordmann h, aellig a, maignan mf, mcginness j. protective effects of o - ( beta - hydroxy...
[ "Androgen", "OCP", "Cyclosporine", "Chlorpromazine" ]
D
Answer is D (Chlorpromazine) Chlorpromazine is associated with inflammatory cholestasis and not with Bland (non inflammatory) cholestasis.
mmlu_aux_1890
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> , becoming the first spacecraft to visit a dwarf planet. on july 14, 2015, the new horizons space probe flew by pluto and its five moons. ceres displays such evidence of an active geology as salt deposits and cryovolcanos, while pluto has water - ice mountains drifting in nitrogen - ice glaciers, as well as a sig...
[ "It is in the main belt of asteroids between the planets Mars and Venus.", "It is another dwarf planet which Dawn will explore.", "It is becoming a full-size planet.", "It is made of rock, and covered with ice." ]
B
null
aquarat_9076
aquarat
<ctx> 1. 20 m / s to the right. refer to figure 3. 43, which shows a boat trying to go straight across the river. let us calculate the magnitude and direction of the boat ’ s velocity relative to an observer on the shore,. the velocity of the boat,, is 0. 75 m / s in the - direction relative to the river and the veloci...
[ "A)12 kmph", "B)13 kmph", "C)14 kmph", "D)15 kmph" ]
C
The ratio of the times taken is 2:1. The ratio of the speed of the boat in still water to the speed of the stream = (2+1)/(2-1) = 3/1 = 3:1 Speed of the stream = 42/3 = 14 kmph ANSWER:C
medmcqa_6797
medmcqa
<ctx> gallbladder ( known as courvoisier's sign ) may also raise suspicion, and can help differentiate pancreatic cancer from gallstones. medical imaging techniques, such as computed tomography ( ct scan ) and endoscopic ultrasound ( eus ) are used both to confirm the diagnosis and to help decide whether the tumor can ...
[ "Paralytic ileus", "Aganglionosis of the colon", "Intestinal pseudo-obstruction", "Duodenal obstruction" ]
C
The information provided in the question is too less, but we have to come to a diagnosis based on the provided information. Lets see each option one by one. Paralytic ileus multiple air fluid levels are noted, hence ruled out. Aganglionosis of the colon or Hirshprung's ds. presents in infancy or childhood hence rul...
aquarat_22380
aquarat
<ctx> triangles each have an angle of at the centre of the circle ), each with an area of ( derived from the expression for the area of a triangle : ). note that due to small angle approximation. through summing the areas of the triangles, the expression for the area of the circle can therefore be found : semicircle pr...
[ "A)36", "B)25", "C)15", "D)28" ]
A
perimeter of a circle =2pi*r perimeter of a semicircle = pi*r + 2r aprox perimiter = 3.14*7 + 2*7 = 35.98 approximately 36 answer A
aquarat_38880
aquarat
<ctx> plan would provide an interest credit of say 6 % of the prior year's balance in each worker's " hypothetical account " so that the current year's balance would be the sum of the prior year's balance and the current year's pay credit and an interest credit on prior year's balance. for a worker who starts at age 25...
[ "A)Rs.1718", "B)Rs.1729", "C)Rs.1750", "D)Rs.1724" ]
C
C.I. = [4000 * (1 + 10/100)2 - 4000] = (4000 * 11/10 * 11/10 - 4000) = Rs. 840. Sum = (420 * 100)/(3 * 8) = Rs.1750 Answer:C
medmcqa_8607
medmcqa
<ctx> of corticosteroids given from gestational ages of 24 weeks 0 days to 33 weeks 6 days has been shown in several studies to reduce the risk of intraventricular hemorrhage in the neonatal period. head positioning in very preterm infants has been suggested as an approach to prevent germinal matrix haemorrhage ; howev...
[ "100 microgram intramuscular", "50 microorgam Inravenous", "150 microgram intravenous", "200 microgram intramuscular" ]
A
Refer Goodman Gilman 12th/1851 Carbetocin is along acting Oxytocin that us useful to prevent post pay hemorrhage given intramuscularly or intravenously in a dose of 100 microorgam
arc_challenge_704
arc_challenge
<ctx> solid earth refers to " the earth beneath our feet " or terra firma, the planet's solid surface and its interior. it excludes the earth's fluid envelopes, the atmosphere and hydrosphere ( but includes the ocean basin ), as well as the biosphere and interactions with the sun. solid - earth science refers to the co...
[ "contains fossil remains", "consists of tectonic plates", "is located at the center of Earth", "has properties of both liquids and solids" ]
D
arc_easy_584
arc_easy
<ctx> environmental conditions. another group of plants employ " cam - cycling ", in which their stomata do not open at night ; the plants instead recycle produced by respiration as well as storing some during the day. plants showing inducible cam and cam - cycling are typically found in conditions where periods of wat...
[ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "respiration", "transpiration" ]
D
aquarat_37419
aquarat
<ctx> 2. 5 • motion equations for constant acceleration in one dimension 67 figure 2. 35 we are asked to solve for the time. as before, we identify the known quantities in order to choose a convenient physical relationship ( that is, an equation with one unknown, ). solution 1. identify the knowns and what we want to s...
[ "A)1", "B)-1", "C)2", "D)-2" ]
A
A 1 9(t + m) + 1 = 9(-t + m) + 19 9t + 9m +1 = -9t + 9m + 19 18t = 18 t = 1
mmlu_aux_4419
mmlu_auxiliary
<ctx> shenzhou 6 ( ) was the second human spaceflight of the chinese space program, launched on october 12, 2005, on a long march 2f rocket from the jiuquan satellite launch center. the shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of fei junlong ( ) and nie haisheng ( 海 ) for five days in low earth orbit. it launched three days ...
[ "some problems need solving before Shenzhou-VI is sent into space", "Shenzhou-VI will be sent into space in 2005", "what China's space programme is", "how China's three-stage programme is carried out" ]
B
null
openbookqa_3173
openbookqa
<ctx> and d. e. koditschek. proprioception based behavioral advances in a hexapod robot. in international conference on robotics and automation, volume 4, pages 3650 – 3655, seoul, korea, 2001. m. buehler, u. saranli, d. papadopoulos, and d. e. koditschek. dynamic locomotion with four and six legged robots. in proceedi...
[ "sharks", "glaciers", "potholes", "rooms" ]
D
medmcqa_2762
medmcqa
<ctx> diagnosis of lung cancer, computed tomography with special three - dimensional cad systems are established and considered as appropriate second opinions. at this a volumetric dataset with up to 3, 000 single images is prepared and analyzed. round lesions ( lung cancer, metastases and benign changes ) from 1 mm ar...
[ "Haman's procedure", "Left colectomy with anastomosis", "Proximal colostomy", "All" ]
D
Ans. is ' a ' , ' b ' , ' c '
medmcqa_10
medmcqa
<ctx> . e. ; binkley, r. w. ; givens, r. s. ; sherwin, m. a. ; grunewald, g. l. ; j. am. chem. soc., 1969, 91, 3316 - 3323.. " the mobius - huckel concept in organic chemistry. application to organic molecules and reactions, " zimmerman, h. e. acc. chem. res., 1971, 4, 272 - 280. " quantum mechanics for organic chemist...
[ "Clostridium tetani", "Clostridium botulinum", "Clostridium perfringens", "Clostridium septicum" ]
C
Nagler's reaction - when Clostridium perfringens is grown in media containing 6 % agar, 5% Fildes peptic digest of sheep blood and 20% human serum, with antitoxin spread on one half of plate, colonies in the other half without antitoxin will be surrounded by a zone of opacity. No opacity around the colonies on the half...
aquarat_10366
aquarat
<ctx> slope the slope of a nonvertical line is a number that measures how steeply the line is slanted ( rise - over - run ). if the line is the graph of the linear function, this slope is given by the constant. the slope measures the constant rate of change of per unit change in x : whenever the input is increased by o...
[ "A)16.66%", "B)33.33%", "C)44.44%", "D)55.55%" ]
A
x*y = constt. Let x = y = 100 in beginning i.e. x*y = 100*100 = 10000 x (100) ---becomes---> 1.2x (120) i.e. 120*New 'y' = 10000 i.e. New 'y' = 10000/120 = 83.33 i.e. y decreases from 100 to 83.33 i.e. Decrease of 16.66% Answer: option A
aquarat_44906
aquarat
<ctx> are shown in logarithmic scale. on the right the minimum values of that satisfy given error bounds with 95 % probability. given an error, the set of's within bounds can be described as follows : the probability to end up within is given again by the binomial distribution as : the picture shows the lowest values o...
[ "A)188", "B)216", "C)156", "D)680" ]
D
25% of x = x/4 ; 20% of 1000 = 20/100 * 1000 = 200 Given that, x/4 = 200 - 30 => x/4 = 170 => x = 680. Answer: D
pubmedqa_366
pubmedqa
<ctx> ( srmh ) situations can be implemented into these apps and used as information before seeing a professional. recent research done with self - rated mental health ( srmh ) involves survey research which is conducted by with a question that asks respondents to rate their overall mental or emotional health from poor...
[ "yes", "no", "maybe" ]
A
medmcqa_1305
medmcqa
<ctx> 1996 by the cdc. in these guidelines, the use of one of two prevention methods was recommended : either a risk - based approach or a culture - based screening approach. the cdc issued updated guidelines in 2002 ; these guidelines recommended the universal culture - based screening of all pregnant women at 35 – 37...
[ "Lamotrigine", "CBZ", "Levetiracetam", "Valproate" ]
A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lamotrigine
medmcqa_959
medmcqa
<ctx> reputation of efficacy in this disorder, and it can be given during pregnancy ( avoiding the risk of pharmaceutical treatment ), with due precautions. but there have been no trials, and dutch experience has shown that almost all mothers recover quickly without it. after recovery the mother may need antidepressant...
[ "Atrial septal defect", "Tetralogy of Fallot", "Transposition of great vessels", "Complete heart block" ]
D
d. Complete heart block(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2171-2174, Ghai 8/e p 457-461)Congenital complete AV blockIt is presumed to be caused by autoimmune injury of fetal conduction system by maternally derived anti-SSA/Ro, anti-SSB/ La antibodies in a mother with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjogren syndromeAutoimmune ...
medmcqa_7765
medmcqa
<ctx> the medial pterygoid nerve ( nerve to medial pterygoid, or internal pterygoid nerve ) is a nerve of the head. it is a branch of the mandibular nerve ( cn v3 ). it supplies the medial pterygoid muscle, the tensor veli palatini muscle, and the tensor tympani muscle. structure origin the medial pterygoid nerve is a ...
[ "Mandibular nerve", "Lingual nerve", "Hypoglossal nerve", "Recurrent laryngeal nerve" ]
B
Submandibular duct It is 5 cm long duct and runs forwards on hyoglossus, between lingual and hypoglossal nerves. At the anterior border of the hyoglossus muscle it is crossed by lingual nerve which loops around it. It opens into the floor of mouth, on the summit of the sublingual papilla at the side offrenulum of tongu...
qasc_1139
qasc
<ctx> " cracks " or " vents " thousands of kilometers long. these underwater mountain ranges are known as mid - ocean ridges. other seabed environments include hydrothermal vents, cold seeps, and shallow areas. marine life is abundant in the deep sea around hydrothermal vents. large deep sea communities of marine life ...
[ "conventional", "common", "unique", "protected" ]
C
aquarat_14868
aquarat
<ctx> 34. 5 kg ( about 76 lb ). what is the volume in liters of this much mercury? 3. ( a ) what is the mass of a deep breath of air having a volume of 2. 00 l? ( b ) discuss the effect taking such a breath has on your body ’ s volume and density. 4. a straightforward method of finding the density of an object is to me...
[ "A)25", "B)21", "C)20", "D)10" ]
B
Suppose the can initially contains 7x and 5x litres mixtures A and B respectively Quantity of A in mix. left =[7x –7/12 * 9 ] =[7x –21/4] Quantity of B in mix. left =[5x –5/12 *9 ] = [ 5x - 15/4 ] Therefore [ 7x-21/4 ] =7/9 or 28x-21 = 7/9 [5x-15/4]+9 20x+21 252x -189 =140x+147 or 112x =336 , x = 3. Quantity of A in th...
medmcqa_9167
medmcqa
<ctx> to occur at very high flow rates in the descending aorta, for example, in highly conditioned athletes. turbulence is also common in pathological conditions such as heart murmurs and stenotic heart valves. stenotic comes from the greek word " stenos, " meaning narrow. stenotic means narrowed, and a stenotic heart ...
[ "Pulsatile liver", "Atrial fibrillation", "Opening snap delayed from S2", "Increase in the length of murmur" ]
C
Severe mitral stenosis occurs with a valve area of less than 1 cm2 (The normal mitral valve orifice area is approximately 4-6 cm2). As the valve progressively narrows, the resting diastolic mitral valve gradient, and hence left atrial pressure, increases. This leads to transudation of fluid into the lung interstitium a...
qasc_3805
qasc
<ctx> by effectively reducing their genome size. genes and non - coding dna segments that are less crucial for an organism survival will be more likely to be lost over time. this selective pressure is stronger in large marine prokaryotic populations, because intra - species competition favours fast, efficient and inexp...
[ "glucose", "cats", "cilia", "alveoli" ]
C