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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
6d3cc6b14c09924bde82a67c9f321873b9bcadf2	hyman was born on march 22, 1935, in	hyman was born on march 22, 1935, in neptune, new jersey. he received his b.a. from the university of maine in 1958, followed by a m.ed. in 1961 and ed.d. in 1964, both from rutgers university.	wikipedia
48386408376e4b484d93cf96250d7667b5bcfebe	harnwell was a part of the 2009/2010 squad	harnwell was a part of the 2009/2010 squad that made the hyundai a-league finals for the first time in the club's history. the club announced that harnwell had signed on for the 2010/11 season in april 2010, on 3 october 2010, harnwell broke bobby despotovski 's record of 241 appearances for perth glory to become the m...	wikipedia
4bf6ad146206f112d3a8c9b8148d15e73619f56e	on 28 december 2006, following a 0–0 draw	on 28 december 2006, following a 0–0 draw with adelaide united, harnwell and glory teammate adrian webster had an altercation, with the latter punching harnwell. both players were reprimanded by perth glory, fined half a week's wages and given a suspended one match ban. against adelaide in november 2007, harnwell playe...	wikipedia
58fd886b2f5dcde1f3b12714f1a11b48d3ff56af	during the 2006/07 a-league season, glory coach ron	during the 2006/07 a-league season, glory coach ron smith used harnwell in a striking capacity and harnwell scored the opening goal in the 2–1 win over newcastle jets. on 26 november harnwell netted the first hat-trick of the a-league season in the 4–1 win against the new zealand knights.	wikipedia
5d3c811ad65a82352c6d7c333d2a16350f05c750	in 2003 harnwell had a one-month contract with	in 2003 harnwell had a one-month contract with leyton orient in football league two, which was not extended. he then played a game for welling united at southern football league premier division. at the end of the 2003 english football season, harnwell returned to perth and rejoined the perth glory. after playing with ...	wikipedia
8214e21e42e3d5affcd16c075bbe0b89e17490d2	jamie richard harnwell (born 21 july 1977 in	jamie richard harnwell (born 21 july 1977 in perth, western australia) is a retired australian football (soccer) player and current ceo of football west. he holds the record for most appearances for perth glory, with 256 league appearances to his name.	wikipedia
05278aeeb91d924dc4580cb089c8fa43a4489509	james ellsworth ferrell is an american systems biologist.	james ellsworth ferrell is an american systems biologist. he is a professor of chemical and systems biology and biochemistry at stanford university school of medicine. he was chair of the dept. of chemical and systems biology from its inception in 2006 until 2011.	wikipedia
a0a68d5e37c88cbb6a570eff4153de326419abdb	recently the ferrell lab showed that the mitotic	recently the ferrell lab showed that the mitotic state can propagate through xenopus cytoplasm via trigger waves, waves of cdk1 activity that spread faster and farther than the cdk1 protein molecules can diffuse. they also showed that apoptosis propagates through cytoplasm by trigger waves; the "speed of death" is abou...	wikipedia
96a4676ebff4e57bd910d0db4aa98b82e3bb6f91	subsequent work from the ferrell lab and others	subsequent work from the ferrell lab and others demonstrated that the cell cycle transition between interphase and mitosis is regulated by a bistable switch, and that the xenopus early embryonic cell cycle operates like a relaxation oscillator. these findings helped validate earlier theoretical predictions and modeling...	wikipedia
5812059f780fe68b99950bca01902ff6685e74b5	through studies of xenopus laevis oocyte maturation, ferrell	through studies of xenopus laevis oocyte maturation, ferrell showed how graded changes in the inductive stimulus progesterone are converted into irreversible, all-or-none changes in map kinase activity, cyclin-dependent kinase activity, and cell fate. these studies helped demonstrate how ultrasensitivity, positive feed...	wikipedia
2028bce498f39a11f4e492d11f542455dcd2e4bf	ferrell was an undergraduate at williams college, majoring	ferrell was an undergraduate at williams college, majoring in physics, chemistry, and mathematics, and graduated in 1976. he received his ph.d. degree in chemistry from stanford university in 1984 for work in the laboratory of wray h. huestis on the control of red cell shape, and received his m.d. degree from stanford ...	wikipedia
0af2ad0bdb1bd4b820571cdb6bcde487dc6817fa	james ellsworth ferrell (born november 3, 1955) is	james ellsworth ferrell (born november 3, 1955) is an american systems biologist. he is a professor of chemical and systems biology and biochemistry at stanford university school of medicine. he was chair of the dept. of chemical and systems biology from its inception in 2006 until 2011.	wikipedia
c0572372780d5f2251552f8fab4d70faa161c76d	hubert mack thaxton was an american nuclear physicist,	hubert mack thaxton was an american nuclear physicist, mathematician, engineer, and the fourth african american person to earn a phd in physics in the united states. thaxton's research focused on proton scattering, which at the time was a largely unexplored area of study.	wikipedia
21c560e3d174940722ab62621b851bdce5fb61bc	over his career, thaxton published more than 200	over his career, thaxton published more than 200 works, though many of the technical reports remain classified. he published and conducted research with multiple nobel prize winners over his career, including hans bethe; donald william kerst, with whom he worked on betatron; ernest lawrence, with whom he worked on the ...	wikipedia
a947223df8dc008154a41c4c9f5f15fe46131c65	he also participated in professional organizations including the	he also participated in professional organizations including the american physical society, the american mathematical society, and the american association for the advancement of science, as well as in many community organizations in new york city. he was president of the harlem engineering corporation, three r schools...	wikipedia
7da1a65c2ef462733ac1f6ec6ea2047398c12a4a	from 1947 to 1971, thaxton also held appointments	from 1947 to 1971, thaxton also held appointments in industry and in the private sector. among the positions he held were as project engineer in charge of radar systems and radio and tv antenna systems at sperry gyroscope, long island, new york; chief engineer in charge of research and development of color television r...	wikipedia
fa06be080c4ac6d586ac077b8abd58b04376ef15	starting in 1946, he also began teaching at	starting in 1946, he also began teaching at the city college of new york, working as an instructor of evening mathematics courses. in 1971 he was appointed a full-time faculty member in the mathematics department, but his subsequent applications for tenure were denied. thaxton took the matter to court, and a lengthy le...	wikipedia
d907a105da59d40010bb3f353042ceab18534ec7	thaxton began his career at north carolina a&t	thaxton began his career at north carolina a&t state university, where he was a professor and a chair of the physics department. after a verbal altercation with the president of the university, thaxton began teaching at delaware state college (now delaware state university) in 1944. there, he served as a professor and ...	wikipedia
331be26036f6ee8247d2555ef0499cab70aacd92	thaxton earned his doctoral degree in 1938, making	thaxton earned his doctoral degree in 1938, making him the fourth african american person in the united states to earn a phd in physics. thaxton was preceded by dr. john mcneile hunter (cornell university, 1937), and followed by dr. herman branson (university of cincinnati, 1939) and dr. halson v. eagleson (indiana uni...	wikipedia
99aab294453e1346c8a8fad2cb636d85b7a2cb72	he then went on to pursue further graduate	he then went on to pursue further graduate studies at the university of wisconsin–madison. he received his first degree there in 1936, earning an m.a. in mathematics. thaxton then went on to pursue his phd in physics at wisconsin, where he studied nuclear physics under theoretical nuclear physicist gregory breit. his t...	wikipedia
dad1a2b20621662e8075bf67cdc00845ca1aa2b2	thaxton attended howard university in washington, d.c., for	thaxton attended howard university in washington, d.c., for his undergraduate degree, and graduated with b.s. degrees in physics, mathematics, and chemistry in 1931. in 1933 he also earned m.s. degrees in physics and mathematics from howard.	wikipedia
3de306141b4a474911afd918dad4f35bbf40d6ec	hubert mack thaxton was born in lynchburg, virginia,	hubert mack thaxton was born in lynchburg, virginia, on 20 march 1909, to henry thaxton and sarah jamison. he attended dunbar high school in lynchburg, which was then the segregated high school for black students in the district. the school desegregated in 1962, and eventually transitioned to the paul laurence dunbar m...	wikipedia
f034890dbaea6f39367bf2120e866464c922e896	hubert mack thaxton (20 march 1909 – 3	hubert mack thaxton (20 march 1909 – 3 january 1974) was an american nuclear physicist, mathematician, engineer, and the fourth african american person to earn a phd in physics in the united states. thaxton's research focused on proton scattering, which at the time was a largely unexplored area of study.	wikipedia
9298dfbabe9723fa3c73875b32e8905c679d2954	it appears to have originally been developed to	it appears to have originally been developed to compute resonance frequencies in the field of structural mechanics. the inverse power iteration algorithm starts with an approximation μ for the eigenvalue corresponding to the desired eigenvector and a vector b 0 , either a randomly selected vector or an approximation to...	wikipedia
9e05085a634925de4c28b304f570b0e54bf333d3	it is exactly the same formula as in	it is exactly the same formula as in the power method, except replacing the matrix a by − 1 . the closer the approximation μ to the eigenvalue is chosen, the faster the algorithm converges; however, incorrect choice of μ can lead to slow convergence or to the convergence to an eigenvector other than the one desired. in...	wikipedia
1a62f73691107adc71f1e8b4d4c085b0696640a3	in some real-time applications one needs to find	in some real-time applications one needs to find eigenvectors for matrices with a speed of millions of matrices per second. in such applications, typically the statistics of matrices is known in advance and one can take as an approximate eigenvalue the average eigenvalue for some large matrix sample.better, one may cal...	wikipedia
0c1ab13c028aecd88b052ad892284b0d3f4245a8	the dominant eigenvalue can be easily estimated for	the dominant eigenvalue can be easily estimated for any matrix. for any induced norm it is true that ‖ a ‖ ≥ \| λ \|, {\displaystyle \left\\|a\right\\|\geq \|\lambda \|,} for any eigenvalue λ {\displaystyle \lambda }. so taking the norm of the matrix as an approximate eigenvalue one can see that the method will converge to t...	wikipedia
8c5e03e796744d86f537507c030025117852f3d8	typically, the method is used in combination with	typically, the method is used in combination with some other method which finds approximate eigenvalues: the standard example is the bisection eigenvalue algorithm, another example is the rayleigh quotient iteration, which is actually the same inverse iteration with the choice of the approximate eigenvalue as the rayle...	wikipedia
90b3ba2a93bd3ea7e2d478cb88eb0a1840279e2d	when implementing the algorithm using fixed-point arithmetic, the	when implementing the algorithm using fixed-point arithmetic, the choice of the constant c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} is especially important. small values will lead to fast growth of the norm of b k {\displaystyle b_{k}} and to overflow; large values of c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} will cause the vector b k {\displaystyle b...	wikipedia
70f29fada1fafaa7a440010933a0c6878ec271c3	on general purpose processors (e.g. produced by intel)	on general purpose processors (e.g. produced by intel) the execution time of addition, multiplication and division is approximately equal. but on embedded and/or low energy consuming hardware (digital signal processors, fpga, asic) division may not be supported by hardware, and so should be avoided. choosing c k = 2 n ...	wikipedia
005cf49d9659ee7fad0534f88a843e6789611dad	solution of the system of linear equations for	solution of the system of linear equations for the tridiagonal matrix costs o (n) {\displaystyle o(n)} operations, so the complexity grows like o (n 3) + k o (n) {\displaystyle o(n^{3})+ko(n)}, where k {\displaystyle k} is the iteration number, which is better than for the direct inversion. however, for few iterations ...	wikipedia
1b78e6c697d16033a5d0bd1813727a50f91dacc1	if it is necessary to perform many iterations	if it is necessary to perform many iterations (or few iterations, but for many eigenvectors), then it might be wise to bring the matrix to the upper hessenberg form first (for symmetric matrix this will be tridiagonal form). which costs 10 3 n 3 + o (n 2) {\textstyle {\frac {10}{3}}n^{3}+o(n^{2})} arithmetic operations...	wikipedia
1bdf4a81e467eb6129d9fadbadd3898ece11c121	the choice depends also on the number of	the choice depends also on the number of iterations. naively, if at each iteration one solves a linear system, the complexity will be k o (n), where k is number of iterations; similarly, calculating the inverse matrix and applying it at each iteration is of complexity k o (n).note, however, that if the eigenvalue estim...	wikipedia
fdbf1b41153186e237b8d621e5e788fae9a36a15	emphasizing that to find the next approximation b	emphasizing that to find the next approximation b k + 1 {\displaystyle b_{k+1}} we may solve a system of linear equations. there are two options: one may choose an algorithm that solves a linear system, or one may calculate the inverse (a − μ i) − 1 {\displaystyle (a-\mu i)^{-1}} and then apply it to the vector.both op...	wikipedia
b049c7618937dfbae15d841af84b7f20f47a402c	this is a key formula for understanding the	this is a key formula for understanding the method's convergence. it shows that if μ {\displaystyle \mu } is chosen close enough to some eigenvalue λ {\displaystyle \lambda }, for example μ − λ = ϵ {\displaystyle \mu -\lambda =\epsilon } each iteration will improve the accuracy \| ϵ \| / \| λ + ϵ − λ c l o s e s t t o λ \|...	wikipedia
f758330042899bca5199f927592af2ffcbf2eefc	in particular, taking μ = 0 {\displaystyle \mu	in particular, taking μ = 0 {\displaystyle \mu =0} we see that (a) − 1 b k {\displaystyle (a)^{-1}b_{k}} converges to the eigenvector corresponding to the eigenvalue of a − 1 {\displaystyle a^{-1}} with the largest magnitude 1 λ n {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{\lambda _{n}}}} and thus can be used to determine the smallest ...	wikipedia
af82ca47f6ea344130368e3d934269a63613b35c	the inverse iteration does the same for the	the inverse iteration does the same for the matrix (a − μ i) − 1 {\displaystyle (a-\mu i)^{-1}}, so it converges to the eigenvector corresponding to the dominant eigenvalue of the matrix (a − μ i) − 1 {\displaystyle (a-\mu i)^{-1}}. eigenvalues of this matrix are (λ 1 − μ) − 1,..., (λ n − μ) − 1, {\displaystyle (\lambd...	wikipedia
c98c9dc7426da192c29e876e81cf04b798ca4737	the basic idea of the power iteration is	the basic idea of the power iteration is choosing an initial vector b {\displaystyle b} (either an eigenvector approximation or a random vector) and iteratively calculating a b, a 2 b, a 3 b,... {\displaystyle ab,a^{2}b,a^{3}b,...}. except for a set of zero measure, for any initial vector, the result will converge to a...	wikipedia
2e294a21b984d91245c95f81cc4af461d39705e3	at every iteration, the vector b k {\displaystyle	at every iteration, the vector b k {\displaystyle b_{k}} is multiplied by the matrix (a − μ i) − 1 {\displaystyle (a-\mu i)^{-1}} and normalized.it is exactly the same formula as in the power method, except replacing the matrix a {\displaystyle a} by (a − μ i) − 1. {\displaystyle (a-\mu i)^{-1}.} the closer the approxi...	wikipedia
9d4e1145460a010510f544023c0f017b576a91b4	where c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} are some constants	where c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} are some constants usually chosen as c k = ‖ (a − μ i) − 1 b k ‖. {\displaystyle c_{k}=\\|(a-\mu i)^{-1}b_{k}\\|.} since eigenvectors are defined up to multiplication by constant, the choice of c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} can be arbitrary in theory; practical aspects of the choice of c k {\d...	wikipedia