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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
5375abb8e4ff3d8c4b9d6a6d8c80787ccb60c868	older taws, or deactivation of the egpws, or	older taws, or deactivation of the egpws, or ignoring its warnings when an airport is not in its database, still leave aircraft vulnerable to possible cfit incidents. in april 2010, a polish air force tupolev tu-154m aircraft crashed near smolensk, russia, in a possible cfit accident killing all passengers and crew, in...	wikipedia
c7c2c6a3b3cb2fabf5c0867785e55f77641b2406	prior to the development of gpws, large passenger	prior to the development of gpws, large passenger aircraft were involved in 3.5 fatal cfit accidents per year, falling to 2 per year in the mid-1970s. a 2006 report stated that from 1974, when the u.s. faa made it a requirement for large aircraft to carry such equipment, until the time of the report, there had not been...	wikipedia
2875d3ec6b3b56701b73a951784eaffe914fa814	in march 2000, the u.s. faa amended operating	in march 2000, the u.s. faa amended operating rules to require that all u.s. registered turbine-powered airplanes with six or more passenger seats (exclusive of pilot and copilot seating) be equipped with an faa-approved taws. the mandate affects aircraft manufactured after march 29, 2002.	wikipedia
b82d1078f67c1d2e9706c309adf000f6c2f7f974	beginning in the early 1970s, a number of	beginning in the early 1970s, a number of studies examined the occurrence of cfit accidents. findings from these studies indicated that many such accidents could have been avoided if a warning device called a ground proximity warning system (gpws) had been used. as a result of these studies and recommendations from the...	wikipedia
5d0f34b97240c679c9aebfec88b901fb062a091e	in the late 1960s, a series of controlled	in the late 1960s, a series of controlled flight into terrain (cfit) accidents took the lives of hundreds of people. a cfit accident is one where a properly functioning airplane under the control of a fully qualified and certified crew is flown into terrain, water or obstacles with no apparent awareness on the part of ...	wikipedia
1ed34211eea7d8515838c389a350cc0f17e3b697	a ground proximity warning system (gpws) is a	a ground proximity warning system (gpws) is a system designed to alert pilots if their aircraft is in immediate danger of flying into the ground or an obstacle. the united states federal aviation administration (faa) defines gpws as a type of terrain awareness and warning system (taws). more advanced systems, introduce...	wikipedia
02fbc1b8db5844200efaa3bd2a290a8e77c9e3d2	harald popp is a german electrical engineer. together	harald popp is a german electrical engineer. together with karlheinz brandenburg, ernst eberlein, heinz gerhäuser, bernhard grill, jürgen herre, he developed the widespread mp3 method for audio data compression.	wikipedia
cd935cb6136112bb6016d1848c46e89af4e77d9b	from 1982 to 1984 popp worked on a	from 1982 to 1984 popp worked on a technology transfer project for cable fault location of the friedrich-alexander-university erlangen-nürnberg.1985 he became researcher at the fraunhofer institute for integrated circuits (iis-a) in erlangen.from 1985 to 1990 was popp development engineer for digital circuits on board-...	wikipedia
6ae43bce834f51906dbea9e044478991127e2b95	1975 popp graduated with the abitur (international baccalaureate	1975 popp graduated with the abitur (international baccalaureate diploma).popp was educated at friedrich-alexander-university (fau), nuremberg, where he studied electrical engineering from 1975 to 1981 and obtained a graduate diploma.	wikipedia
fd5911dc905024cc2aa6a4a9dfbd2518780f0379	harald popp (born 30 september, 1956 in erlangen)	harald popp (born 30 september, 1956 in erlangen) is a german electrical engineer. together with karlheinz brandenburg, ernst eberlein, heinz gerhäuser (former institutes director of fraunhofer iis), bernhard grill, jürgen herre (all fraunhofer iis), he developed the widespread mp3 method for audio data compression.	wikipedia
be73f2863076f4ecbe46a0816388e129907cffab	barboso is good friends with yu hoshide, and	barboso is good friends with yu hoshide, and is known by teammates as a very sociable person. his number, 63, is testament to his nickname "sixto" which he earned in college. he is also well known for his long, curly "afro" hair which he sometimes ties in a ponytail.	wikipedia
476c3060510474f95c9621e2674bb43de8fefe9c	barboso made his international debut in the 2010	barboso made his international debut in the 2010 long teng cup. barboso was one of the two overage players chosen for the 2012 hassanal bolkiah trophy, where he also captained the team. in august 2013, barbaso was selected to play in a friendly match against indonesia. he made his debut coming on for carli de murga in ...	wikipedia
64a89cbe03ab9d4d9ef13e85227c667593a0ad9c	gramicidin s or gramicidin soviet is an antibiotic	gramicidin s or gramicidin soviet is an antibiotic that is effective against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as some fungi. it is a derivative of gramicidin, produced by the gram-positive bacterium brevibacillus brevis. gramicidin s is a cyclodecapeptide, constructed as two identical pentapeptides...	wikipedia
58c5af4dbdaed99d5702220b08ce946b4a408ae2	gramicidin s differs from other gramicidin types in	gramicidin s differs from other gramicidin types in that it is a cationic cyclic decapeptide and has a structure of an anti-parallel beta-sheet. gramicidin s molecule is amphiphilic, with hydrophobic amino acids (d-phe, val, leu side chains) and charged aminoacid (l-orn). it exhibits strong antibiotic activity towards ...	wikipedia
8251b335260f52d04656ae116c616f6b462cea6e	gramicidin s was discovered by russian microbiologist georgyi	gramicidin s was discovered by russian microbiologist georgyi frantsevitch gause and his wife maria brazhnikova in 1942. within the year gramicidin s was being used in soviet military hospitals to treat infection and eventually found usage at the front lines of combat by 1946. gause was awarded the stalin prize for med...	wikipedia
ecbd1fc8384a7ea9d24adc69292a20e5b2e23cc8	second enzyme cluster grsb contains four modules, each	second enzyme cluster grsb contains four modules, each containing condensation (c), adenylation (a), and thiolation (t) domains and thioesterase domain (te) at the end. c domain forms a peptide bond between two amino acids, d-phe and l-pro. l-val, l-orn, and l-leu are incorporated sequentially by the next three modules...	wikipedia
dfa2af43e0096ed8b82d49397b10670ee15c9f2c	gramicidin s biosynthetic pathway consists of two-enzyme of	gramicidin s biosynthetic pathway consists of two-enzyme of nonribosomal peptide synthases (nrpss), gramicidin s synthetase i (grsa) and gramicidin s synthetase ii (grsb), to give a product as a cyclic decapeptide. within the biosynthetic pathway, there are total of five modules that specifically recognize, activate, a...	wikipedia
b318d2772fda53e11d1bfc0aa5c3152d7db3ecf0	it is a derivative of gramicidin, produced by	it is a derivative of gramicidin, produced by the gram-positive bacterium brevibacillus brevis. gramicidin s is a cyclodecapeptide, constructed as two identical pentapeptides joined head to tail, formally written as cyclo (- val - orn - leu -d- phe - pro -). that is to say, it forms a ring structure composed of five di...	wikipedia
a3976521c6dbc55fa3019fc89c6f82e53e2a4f20	muñoz was given his first head coach job	muñoz was given his first head coach job on 22 september 2019, at segunda división b 's hércules cf. he was dismissed on 9 december, having taken 12 points from 11 games and with the side in the relegation zone.	wikipedia
7c1b463369f9db9522b227e31b6093e5b3e48d1e	on 7 december 2017, muñoz was announced as	on 7 december 2017, muñoz was announced as chen jingang 's assistant at changchun yatai f.c. of the chinese super league. the following 5 july, he joined fran fernández 's staff at ud almería in the same capacity.	wikipedia
d8fc3970c86d29a7ac8b7b5b120167aeae45f4f6	returning to dépor in 2005, muñoz only featured	returning to dépor in 2005, muñoz only featured in one league match (17 minutes in a 2–1 away defeat of ca osasuna on 26 february 2006) before leaving the club. he subsequently represented amateurs rsd alcalá and cp villarrobledo, retiring with the latter at the age of 32.	wikipedia
01fe41364c8f242674a6a5f79c07e16d0dd5b997	in 2002, muñoz signed for deportivo de la	in 2002, muñoz signed for deportivo de la coruña and was immediately loaned to real zaragoza of the second tier. on 31 august 2004, he moved to fellow league team terrassa fc also in a temporary deal.	wikipedia
128bf48377096609bb308bf20c7148741be1aebf	muñoz was first-choice option during the 1995–96 season,	muñoz was first-choice option during the 1995–96 season, which ended in relegation. he continued to feature regularly for alba in the following campaigns, scoring his first professional goal on 10 november 1996 in a 3–1 segunda división away victory over atlético madrid b.	wikipedia
bba4284198f81c314e0f8112f6b9da3f7c6ca02a	born in mota del cuervo, province of cuenca,	born in mota del cuervo, province of cuenca, castile-la mancha, muñoz was an albacete balompié youth graduate. on 2 september 1995, aged 19, he made his first-team – and la liga – debut, starting in a 0–3 away loss against sporting de gijón.	wikipedia
a87c34839eb05fad6ca6a92597fbab2d17bfbd25	hd 290327 b is an extrasolar planet which	hd 290327 b is an extrasolar planet which orbits the g-type subgiant star hd 290327, located approximately 180 light years away in the constellation orion. this planet has at least five halves the mass of jupiter and takes 6.7 years to orbit the star at a semimajor axis of 3.35 au. however unlike most other known exopl...	wikipedia
2632e2f60ab4f54d90b09bee7c2e2dc585cb627d	hd 290327 b (also known as hip 25191	hd 290327 b (also known as hip 25191 b) is an extrasolar planet which orbits the g-type subgiant star hd 290327, located approximately 180 light years away in the constellation orion. this planet has at least five halves the mass of jupiter and takes 6.7 years to orbit the star at a semimajor axis of 3.35 au. however u...	wikipedia
f2b47422aaf63bb833e4fcf6c010bbdc22edf576	the ages of domestic cats and dogs are	the ages of domestic cats and dogs are often referred to in terms of " cat years " or " dog years ", representing a conversion to human-equivalent years. one formula for cat years is based on a cat reaching maturity in approximately 1 year, which could be seen as 16 in human terms, then adding about 4 years for every y...	wikipedia
0ac1051e0ebd207ca26c906697b14a66b08a0036	the concept of human-equivalent energy (h-e) assists in	the concept of human-equivalent energy (h-e) assists in understanding of energy flows in physical and biological systems by expressing energy units in human terms: it provides a “feel” for the use of a given amount of energy by expressing it in terms of the relative quantity of energy needed for human metabolism, assum...	wikipedia
c3f0135bda31a401204300318e5382256298af76	animal models are used to learn more about	animal models are used to learn more about a disease, its diagnosis and its treatment, with animal models predicting human toxicity in up to 71% of cases. the human equivalent dose (hed) or human equivalent concentration (hec) is the quantity of a chemical that, when administered to humans, produces an effect equal to ...	wikipedia
c87137ea41e217effb2b0e4cc189872f7e8c1203	the gasuden jimpu or kamikaze was a japanese	the gasuden jimpu or kamikaze was a japanese seven-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engine from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. it was the first aircraft engine produced by tokyo gas and electric, often abbreviated to gasuden, and the first production engine produced in japan. it was produced in large numbers to power t...	wikipedia
9082248de65bafc13d46d6638a02537bc44877d3	the jimpu 5 or hitachi tempu was a	the jimpu 5 or hitachi tempu was a 9-cylinder derivative that produced between 240 and 280 hp (179 and 209 kw). the tempu became an important engine for the company, taking 53% of production in july 1944.	wikipedia
805d808bb8e7278a7b815a120c60dfb1a4a653f8	initially, the engine was first known as the	initially, the engine was first known as the divine wind (神風, kamikaze), but was later better known as the encampment wind (陣風, jimpu) as the range of engines produced by the company increased. production ran from 1928 to 1944. large numbers were delivered, primarily for training and other light aircraft. amongst the ...	wikipedia
5f9b1d111cb5867596fce7b10a2fe22d5f3d6262	the resulting engine was a single row radial	the resulting engine was a single row radial with seven cylinders of bore 115 mm (4.5 in) and stroke 120 mm (4.7 in). running on 80 octane fuel, the engine was rated at sea level at 150 hp (112 kw). the engine had no compressor, although some later models were fitted with a single speed mechanical supercharger to boost...	wikipedia
2f662985b3d2c684719f54e510160ee05d92de04	the early development of aircraft in japan was	the early development of aircraft in japan was fully dependent on engines from abroad, although many of these designs were license built by japanese companies. gasuden was no exception, building le rhone rotaries in the early 1920s. however, by 1926, the company had gained enough experience to develop its own first eng...	wikipedia
37d8ea0c7e3b199579dbe76e9166a78bf35a8fce	the gasuden jimpu or kamikaze (later produced by	the gasuden jimpu or kamikaze (later produced by hitachi) was a japanese seven-cylinder air-cooled radial aircraft engine from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. it was the first aircraft engine produced by tokyo gas and electric (神風, 東京瓦斯電気工業, tokyo gasu denki), often abbreviated to gasuden, and the first production engine p...	wikipedia
03f5dfb51e989a31b5274da10b802593f20d31dd	christian gustav wilhelm müller was a german zoologist	christian gustav wilhelm müller was a german zoologist specializing in ostracoda. in 1895 he succeeded carl eduard adolph gerstaecker as director of the zoological museum at greifswald, a position he maintained until 1923. he was the taxonomic authority of numerous taxa in ostracoda; a few examples being the subfamily ...	wikipedia
74e2129449ed50ca5b8d0bfd350895efcb8bcf0b	he was the taxonomic authority of numerous taxa	he was the taxonomic authority of numerous taxa in ostracoda; a few examples being the subfamily conchoeciinae and the genera archiconchoecia, cytherois and stenocypria. in 1965, the genus muellerina bassiouni (family hemicytheridae) was named in his honor.	wikipedia
f4a9261d273fd8ba8032277a8c2edcb02cb8bb6d	howard elson bigelow was an american mycologist, born	howard elson bigelow was an american mycologist, born in 1923 in greenfield, massachusetts, and died in 1987. he studied at oberlin college from 1941 to 1943. he left college to fight in the american army. he returned to oberlin after the war and obtained his bachelor of arts in 1949 and his master of arts in 1951. he ...	wikipedia
93518de60d7d5a68aff4d0592b5b5b9cd32baf99	howard elson bigelow (june 28, 1923 – november	howard elson bigelow (june 28, 1923 – november 21, 1987) was an american mycologist, born in 1923 in greenfield, massachusetts, and died in 1987. he studied at oberlin college from 1941 to 1943. he left college to fight in the american army. he returned to oberlin after the war and obtained his bachelor of arts in 1949...	wikipedia
a0e1c502d31df05c8b98cac2b3138fada358a7d2	immunolabeling is a biochemical process that enables the	immunolabeling is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. these antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody a...	wikipedia