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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
6607d2fd9c5fbe4c40c9569d81cce90624b21eb4	marcel boll (15 september 1886, paris – 12	marcel boll (15 september 1886, paris – 12 august 1971, paris) was a french scientist, sociologist, philosopher, educator, scientific journalist (journalist specializing in scientific topics), and a founding member (1930) of the rationalist union (french: union rationaliste). boll was one of the most prolific contribut...	wikipedia
83fd4691e072506f69a8069dd5775056e0e9952a	while working in innsbruck, hauser developed a new	while working in innsbruck, hauser developed a new histological technique that eliminated the use of xylene, a toxical compound that facilitated paraffin infiltration in tissues to be sectioned, by replacing it with isopropyl alcohol, an almost unharmful substance.	wikipedia
26c35afb1886a01175b25a63a549dc3a12f1da2a	in unisinos, he founded and directed the instituto	in unisinos, he founded and directed the instituto de pesquisa de planárias (planarian research institute), where he continued his research on triclads, the group with which he was working since the beginning of his academic life in europe. he was well known among his colleagues and students by his ability to improvise...	wikipedia
f54fc6f35c8039ca41f3b6455f447d6e2135341b	hauser was ordained on june 21, 1955 in	hauser was ordained on june 21, 1955 in brazil and in 1958 he helped to found the são leopoldo school of philosophy, sciences and literature that would later become unisinos. during this time he also became chaplain in the brazilian air force in order to work with pastoral care and eventually became a pilot.	wikipedia
04b3816fc14625b04a925c1cf22d27085819bafb	after graduating, hauser started his doctoral studies, earning	after graduating, hauser started his doctoral studies, earning a ph.d. degree in scholastic philosophy and another in zoology from the university of innsbruck. at this time he met oscar nedel, a brazilian jesuit father who went to europe in order to study natural sciences in germany because he had been selected to be a...	wikipedia
1ee4bbf5b72b7a5565a4e3fc37758f90d97b82f0	in 1943, he was sent to serve in	in 1943, he was sent to serve in world war ii, joining the hungarian army. he worked at the hospital protecting the trains that transported the injured from russia to hungary and germany. after the war, he moved to austria and studied german at the jesuit school stella matutina. after concluding his studies there, he w...	wikipedia
44af5eab4b4abf3b1a422b789ebfa29e74584973	from 1939 to 1941 he went to the	from 1939 to 1941 he went to the novitiate of the society of jesus in budapest. there, he had much contact with physicians, but they struggle to understand each other due to language differences. hauser, however, became interested in medicine and told the master of the novices about his decision to study the subject at...	wikipedia
75c3aeb6cba01140f7543c616775a3df840f11fc	kepler-62c is an approximately mars-sized exoplanet discovered in	kepler-62c is an approximately mars-sized exoplanet discovered in orbit around the star kepler-62, the second innermost of five discovered by nasa's kepler spacecraft around kepler-62. at the time of discovery it was the second-smallest exoplanet discovered and confirmed by the kepler spacecraft, after kepler-37b. it w...	wikipedia
74ba10f98b46e8ef10d5fd1e434bb95d54bce673	in 2009, nasa 's kepler spacecraft was completing	in 2009, nasa 's kepler spacecraft was completing observing stars on its photometer, the instrument it uses to detect transit events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. in this last test, kepler observed 50 000 stars in the kepler input catalog, ...	wikipedia
a57280e5c4e2c8dd0b24feb7bcd7e910f9bbf407	kepler-62c orbits its host star with an orbital	kepler-62c orbits its host star with an orbital period of 12 days at a distance of about 0.092 au (compared to the distance of mercury from the sun, which is about 0.38 au). it receives about 25 times more sunlight than earth does from the sun.	wikipedia
6bba254e64e0c92b0e784579879a40e6b4f13698	the planet orbits a (k-type) star named kepler-62,	the planet orbits a (k-type) star named kepler-62, orbited by a total of five planets. the star has a mass of 0.69 m and a radius of 0.64 r. it has a temperature of 4925 k and is 7 billion years old. in comparison, the sun is 4.6 billion years old and has a temperature of 5778 k. the star is somewhat metal-poor, with a...	wikipedia
95e2030ec2d4ebe7f57c02d831d51660bbdff0a0	kepler-62c is a sub-earth, an exoplanet with a	kepler-62c is a sub-earth, an exoplanet with a radius and mass smaller than earth. it has an equilibrium temperature of 578 k (305 °c; 581 °f). it has a radius of 0.54 r. this is about the size of mars, making it one of the smallest known exoplanets. however, the mass is currently not known, estimates place an upper li...	wikipedia
14964ab2c670e54b1a69d3c608b798e296b07ac5	kepler-62c (also known by its kepler object of	kepler-62c (also known by its kepler object of interest designation koi-701.05) is an approximately mars -sized exoplanet discovered in orbit around the star kepler-62, the second innermost of five discovered by nasa 's kepler spacecraft around kepler-62. at the time of discovery it was the second-smallest exoplanet di...	wikipedia
10c2bd2b469ba0096cc1998d448c7e281d0f16b9	max rooke is a former australian rules footballer	max rooke is a former australian rules footballer who played for the geelong football club in the australian football league (afl). a utility player, 1.89 metres (6.2 ft) tall and weighing 93 kilograms (210 lb), rooke's versatility allowed him to play as a forward, defender, and midfielder. rooke made his geelong debut...	wikipedia
112d44aa55dd6fdaf3494db4f1e50bd173e27165	rooke claims that he had about 20 to	rooke claims that he had about 20 to 30 concussions throughout his nine-year career, according to an afl class-action writ. in a suit reminiscent to that of the nfl, rooke is the lead plaintiff in a class-action lawsuit filed in the supreme court of victoria in march 2023 on behalf of players employed by one or more af...	wikipedia
f801efe9b21e353166d41e99dda429769bf1229e	in november 2006, rooke made the decision to	in november 2006, rooke made the decision to officially change his legal name to max. rooke's middle name at birth was maxwell, and both of his grandfathers were known as max, which led to a fondness of the name being the main reason behind the change. he also sported a wild 1970s-style hairstyle and beard. rooke was k...	wikipedia
93bb5ee4f52ec1d5e4e52c7ab3062d52f5ad47d3	rooke returned to geelong in 2011 as a	rooke returned to geelong in 2011 as a development coach for four seasons before joining gold coast as a development coach for the 2016 season. in november 2016, he joined melbourne as a development coach. rooke was stood down from melbourne in may 2020 due to limitations caused by the covid-19 pandemic.	wikipedia
228a1fc9c92e17840b465638d89d2e4e8b057c50	rooke missed out on most of geelong's 2007	rooke missed out on most of geelong's 2007 season after suffering a potential season-ending 7 cm hamstring tear in round 13. on 12 july, geelong spent $20,000 on rooke to receive treatment by soft-tissue expert dr hans-wilhelm muller-wohlfarth in germany. he returned to the side in the 106-point qualifying final win ag...	wikipedia
57fb4e590f17157a068410af55f953d4ce8bea16	his lack of pace against small forwards was	his lack of pace against small forwards was exposed in round 20, 2005, when melbourne 's russell robertson kicked six goals against him. this prompted coach mark thompson to move him into the midfield the following week. this move was successful, with rooke nullifying hall of fame midfielder chris judd. in geelong's cl...	wikipedia
43c55499218958e5f5511ada7d76062773d5340e	rooke was recruited from casterton in 2001, and	rooke was recruited from casterton in 2001, and he made his debut in the second round of 2002. in 2003, he was awarded geelong's most determined and dedicated player award. rooke was a regular senior player until a shin injury forced him to miss the second half of 2004, including the finals series, but he recovered to ...	wikipedia
6fe0145ea0e965e7fa68d7d9716e8e097804423e	a utility player, 1.89 metres (6.2 ft) tall	a utility player, 1.89 metres (6.2 ft) tall and weighing 93 kilograms (210 lb), rooke's versatility allowed him to play as a forward, defender, and midfielder. rooke made his geelong debut in 2002 and went on to become a dual premiership player with the club, playing key roles in both the 2007 and 2009 grand final vict...	wikipedia
6b03ed1d51334141681e357baaefd7bd58f60019	installed base of a product is the number	installed base of a product is the number of units that are currently in use by customers. it provides a measurement of a company's existing customer base and the extent of their investment in a particular product or technology. in contrast to market share, which only reflects sales over a specific period and relative ...	wikipedia
ca6cbfacb05b4914ae2351f8b4a99812d72fc067	nintendo has a large installed base of video	nintendo has a large installed base of video game consoles, which it leverages to sell more games and accessories. for example, the company has a suite of video game series, such as mario and zelda, that are designed to work best on nintendo consoles.	wikipedia
b455308e8627ef7933b6129102b44f88f2bc9152	apple's installed base of ios devices, such as	apple's installed base of ios devices, such as the iphone and ipad, has allowed the company to offer a wide variety of accessories and services. apple's app store and media offerings are tailored to its device ecosystem, providing customers with a seamless experience.	wikipedia
2b18888a756fb22b5ea4d47963282dfbe1ca6640	installed base is also a significant factor in	installed base is also a significant factor in other industries, such as automotive, medical devices, and home appliances. in these markets, the size of the installed base of a particular product or platform can impact the level of support and availability of replacement parts and accessories.	wikipedia
4156680a059b303bde06f2a4e0810c0db7526dc9	the installed base of computer systems, such as	the installed base of computer systems, such as operating systems and video game consoles/platforms, is a significant factor in their respective industries. in these markets, the size of the installed base is a key indicator of the reach and influence of a particular product or platform.	wikipedia
5c87a6fe5582596fc2607dbf222b60294ede5edc	the installed base of company's products represents a	the installed base of company's products represents a valuable customer base that is already using their products, services or systems. this provides companies with an opportunity to upsell and cross-sell their products to existing customers, as well as to use the information about their customer base to inform future ...	wikipedia
35d352804d1e6b260a1a4647a17748fb8b59c688	the installed base plays a significant role in	the installed base plays a significant role in various industries, including computing, automotive, medical devices, and home appliances. it can impact the level of support, availability of replacement parts, and other factors. some companies that have leveraged their installed base include apple, microsoft, nintendo i...	wikipedia
dd3e701e03c1285f3144f2a14fd18b388f305d6e	installed base of a product is the number	installed base of a product is the number of units that are currently in use by customers. it provides a measurement of a company's existing customer base and the extent of their investment in a particular product or technology. in contrast to market share, which only reflects sales over a specific period and relative ...	wikipedia
4da29d45e5adb76b3789c5139c514d9164ce0c5f	the maxwell–bloch equations, also called the optical bloch	the maxwell–bloch equations, also called the optical bloch equations describe the dynamics of a two-state quantum system interacting with the electromagnetic mode of an optical resonator. they are analogous to the bloch equations which describe the motion of the nuclear magnetic moment in an electromagnetic field. the ...	wikipedia
08a65b545d153d5b874259c714dd0b0bf534b83d	at this point, we have produced three of	at this point, we have produced three of an infinite ladder of coupled equations. as can be seen from the third equation, higher order correlations are necessary. the differential equation for the time evolution of ⟨ a † σ ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle a^{\dagger }\sigma \rangle } will contain expectation values of higher o...	wikipedia
8e837fa1625ab75df600a180a5907f8d6db7c309	the equations of motion for the expectation values	the equations of motion for the expectation values of the operators can be derived from the master equation by the formulas ⟨ o ⟩ = tr (o ρ) {\displaystyle \langle o\rangle =\operatorname {tr} \left(o\rho \right)} and ⟨ o ˙ ⟩ = tr (o ρ ˙) {\displaystyle \langle {\dot {o}}\rangle =\operatorname {tr} \left(o{\dot {\rho }...	wikipedia
c59b3a6d75683d442b848d1c11197d144c1beb58	where Δ i = ω i − ω	where Δ i = ω i − ω l {\displaystyle \delta _{i}=\omega _{i}-\omega _{l}}. as it stands now, the hamiltonian has four terms. the first two are the self energy of the atom (or other two level system) and field. the third term is an energy conserving interaction term allowing the cavity and atom to exchange population an...	wikipedia
f82e4cb9f07bae78c75176d6529e8a8247c73918	where a {\displaystyle a} is the lowering operator	where a {\displaystyle a} is the lowering operator for the cavity field, and σ = 1 2 (σ x − i σ y) {\displaystyle \sigma ={\frac {1}{2}}\left(\sigma _{x}-i\sigma _{y}\right)} is the atomic lowering operator written as a combination of pauli matrices. the time dependence can be removed by transforming the wavefunction a...	wikipedia
938393962b1db4b49152aa50bbf89c0234cfcd3f	and δ = ω − ω 0 {\displaystyle	and δ = ω − ω 0 {\displaystyle \delta =\omega -\omega _{0}} is the detuning and measures how far the light frequency, ω {\displaystyle \omega }, is from the transition, ω 0 {\displaystyle \omega _{0}}. here, d → g, e {\displaystyle {\vec {d}}_{g,e}} is the transition dipole moment for the g → e {\displaystyle g\rightar...	wikipedia
f8d9c5e6f522e3b4455bf555afdc45ac7b8a835e	in the derivation of these formulae, we define	in the derivation of these formulae, we define ρ ¯ g e ≡ ρ g e e − i δ t {\displaystyle {\bar {\rho }}_{ge}\equiv \rho _{ge}e^{-i\delta t}} and ρ ¯ e g ≡ ρ e g e i δ t {\displaystyle {\bar {\rho }}_{eg}\equiv \rho _{eg}e^{i\delta t}}. it was also explicitly assumed that spontaneous emission is described by an exponenti...	wikipedia
c6cf23fb1abc9389f277513c12ad0f6c547337df	(other conventions are possible; this follows the derivation	(other conventions are possible; this follows the derivation in metcalf (1999)). one can now solve the heisenberg equation of motion, or translate the results from solving the schrödinger equation into density matrix form. one arrives at the following equations, including spontaneous emission:	wikipedia
bfa923aee60c0c2e28fc4a8f91e756a4dddf3794	the derivation of the semi-classical optical bloch equations	the derivation of the semi-classical optical bloch equations is nearly identical to solving the two-state quantum system (see the discussion there). however, usually one casts these equations into a density matrix form. the system we are dealing with can be described by the wave function:	wikipedia
9217e8d2d3b9d6438116e7e2f3341404a8b7182d	the maxwell–bloch equations, also called the optical bloch	the maxwell–bloch equations, also called the optical bloch equations describe the dynamics of a two-state quantum system interacting with the electromagnetic mode of an optical resonator. they are analogous to (but not at all equivalent to) the bloch equations which describe the motion of the nuclear magnetic moment in...	wikipedia
d79da53a08158880d1aaf6c492f787d49f67a15c	the bridge was completed in 1830. it was	the bridge was completed in 1830. it was built by joseph potter, the county surveyor for staffordshire, who had previously worked with thomas telford. it stood in largely its original condition until it was threatened by mining subsidence in 1982. the bridge was closed to traffic and the bridge was lightened by removin...	wikipedia