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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
8a03b1dfcdda2db914402df08c0c3cedb784c3eb	1992–1993: black did post-doctoral work at the university	1992–1993: black did post-doctoral work at the university of toronto as an assistant professor of computer science (contractually limited term appointment). he was supervised by allan jepson. during his time there, he received the computer science students' union teaching award.	wikipedia
680388fb4c86d49510f6431be2492f9bd61b43cc	1989–1992: during this period, black pursued his phd	1989–1992: during this period, black pursued his phd at yale and was supported by a nasa graduate fellowship. he completed his phd at the nasa ames research center in the human factors research division led by andrew (beau) watson. at yale, he was advised by p. anandan and drew mcdermott.	wikipedia
26b3f73b5dc835cb40e64d1130b0e9ef320627df	1985–1989: after his bachelor's degree, black moved to	1985–1989: after his bachelor's degree, black moved to the bay area and worked as a software engineer at gte government systems and advanced decision systems (ads) developing expert systems on the xerox and symbolics lisp machines. during this time, he completed his master's of computer science in symbolic and heuristi...	wikipedia
c40f3678faa21410da026007708bde2a9f16e8d8	related to human pose, shape, and activity, black	related to human pose, shape, and activity, black has contributed to the surreal dataset of human motions, the jhmdb dataset of human actions, and the faust dataset of 3d body shapes. faust received the dataset award from the eurographics symposium on geometry processing (sgp), 2016.	wikipedia
d0f006b674792b5a26cb482cbc266a0e24cc0ffc	the humaneva dataset was the first dataset with	the humaneva dataset was the first dataset with ground truth 3d human poses in correspondence with rgb video of people in motion. the approach used a combination of optical motion capture and multi-camera video capture. this dataset enabled the field to evaluate accuracy and compare performance for the first time.	wikipedia
9425475d74c957acbaec38a8a9f752e3c9baa7ed	black has contributed to several significant datasets. the	black has contributed to several significant datasets. the middlebury flow dataset provided the first comprehensive benchmark for the field. the mpi-sintel flow dataset demonstrated that synthetic data was sufficiently rich and similar to real data to provide a rigorous benchmark and to be useful for learning optical f...	wikipedia
67634e154f2d2fd158c36c907285e5e859e0cde0	loper and black popularized "differentiable rendering", which has	loper and black popularized "differentiable rendering", which has become an important component of self-supervised training of neural networks for problems like facial analysis. classical methods for analysis by synthesis formulate an objective function and then differentiate it. the opendr method was more generic in t...	wikipedia
eb95d4ac1329f88884d7c904c146bf5d1f9a65a4	his group produced the popular smpl 3d body	his group produced the popular smpl 3d body model (and various extensions like flame for 3d human faces, mano for 3d hands, and smpl-x, an expressive 3d body model with hands and faces) and popularized methods for estimating 3d body shape from images. smpl is widely used in both academia and industry and was one of the...	wikipedia
179dbadf6e3de316e48cd1959f0806b1b94a13a7	his current work focuses on modeling and estimating	his current work focuses on modeling and estimating human shape and pose from images and video. his team was the first to fit a learned 3d human body model to multi-camera image data at cvpr 2007, under clothing at eccv 2008, from a single image at iccv 2009, and from rgb-d data at iccv 2011.	wikipedia
3a4669cbb5b4d61a9b01315fa4173698a4b430dc	black is best known for his work on	black is best known for his work on human motion and shape estimation. with hedvig sidenbladh and david fleet, he introduced the use of particle filtering for tracking 3d articulated human motion. this work was awarded the koenderink koenderink prize for fundamental contributions in computer vision at eccv 2000.	wikipedia
f700866a2bca6ac7843b06647440ac97f0778f8c	in the 2000s, black worked with john donoghue	in the 2000s, black worked with john donoghue and others at brown university to create the technology behind the braingate neural prosthetics technology. black and colleagues developed bayesian methods to decode neural signals from motor cortex. the team was the first to use kalman filtering and particle filtering to d...	wikipedia
779a7417dd352dabf4a23b63844abc6559f5b479	the robust formulation was hand crafted and used	the robust formulation was hand crafted and used small spatial neighborhoods. the work on fields of experts with stefan roth removed these restrictions. they learned the potential functions of an mrf with large spatial cliques by modeling the field potentials as a product of experts. their formulation can be viewed as ...	wikipedia
53df3f17bfa8c231216a58f354ae6844ea3fff67	the "black and anandan" method helped popularize robust	the "black and anandan" method helped popularize robust statistics in computer vision. this was facilitated by several papers that connected robust penalty functions to classical "line processes" used in markov random fields (mrfs) at the time. black and rangarajan characterized the formal properties of robust function...	wikipedia
cd015fa29de1528e09a0e9d5f463e997ba8c5d0f	his work with deqing sun and stefan roth	his work with deqing sun and stefan roth on the " secrets of optical flow " was awarded the 2020 longuet- higgins prize. the prize is given annually by the ieee pattern analysis and machine intelligence (pami) technical committee for "contributions in computer vision that have withstood the test of time." the "secrets"...	wikipedia
d53580aa46489682e036971c35af53bcc55cd232	his early focus on statistical modeling of motion,	his early focus on statistical modeling of motion, particularly at motion discontinuities, led to two other prize papers. his work with david fleet on the "probabilistic detection and tracking of motion boundaries" won honorable mention for the marr prize at iccv '99. black's work with stefan roth "on the spatial stati...	wikipedia
3b804a26a4a6ac95d0bedba87f66dbe38cfd269d	this "black and anandan" optical flow algorithm has	this "black and anandan" optical flow algorithm has been widely used, for example, in special effects. the method was used to compute optical flow for the painterly effects in what dreams may come and for registering 3d face scans in the matrix reloaded.	wikipedia
c804d8a6943e5207f4a35813b46201becb26adf5	black's thesis reformulated optical flow estimation as a	black's thesis reformulated optical flow estimation as a robust m-estimation problem. the main observation was that spatial discontinuities in image motion and violations of the standard brightness constancy assumption could be treated as outliers. reformulating the classical optimization problem as a robust estimation...	wikipedia
f15f312da71976d8c5ab184b1d257def15ca8c11	black has won all three major test-of-time prizes	black has won all three major test-of-time prizes in computer vision: the koenderink prize at the european conference on computer vision (eccv) in 2010 and 2022, the helmholtz prize at the international conference on computer vision (iccv) in 2013, and the longuet-higgins prize at the ieee conference on computer vision...	wikipedia
805a3566a3e34d3b9bb7af150a603cf2148ad596	michael j. black is an american-born computer scientist	michael j. black is an american-born computer scientist working in tübingen, germany. he is a founding director at the max planck institute for intelligent systems where he leads the perceiving systems department in research focused on computer vision, machine learning, and computer graphics. he is also an honorary pro...	wikipedia
cd2fe9e149f2260a68bc7f6fefadd9193fa26a10	ryan hinchcliffe is an australian former professional rugby	ryan hinchcliffe is an australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the huddersfield giants in the super league, as a lock and hooker, and previously played for the melbourne storm in the national rugby league (nrl).	wikipedia
fac9f524de946a6773ff3a812b1ee8f1706b59c2	hinchcliffe was a hooker and could also play	hinchcliffe was a hooker and could also play in the second row. he joined the melbourne storm from the canberra raiders for the 2009 nrl season. in melbourne his impressive form resulted in reshuffles with cameron smith moving to five-eighth when lacking halves.	wikipedia
d6f8e059cee8bcb9792e64189bd8bbef0662b0e5	hinchcliffe, a temora dragons junior, began his nrl	hinchcliffe, a temora dragons junior, began his nrl career at parramatta, although he previously played for the canberra raiders before moving to melbourne, with whom he won the 2009 nrl premiership. this premiership was later stripped in 2010 due to the club's multiple and deliberate breaches of the salary cap between...	wikipedia
b111c671d2b7705b9013654b857b46cb8d247ac5	ryan hinchcliffe (born 7 october 1984) is an	ryan hinchcliffe (born 7 october 1984) is an australian former professional rugby league footballer who last played for the huddersfield giants in the super league, as a lock and hooker, and previously played for the melbourne storm in the national rugby league (nrl).	wikipedia
a12537dcc37558696678652af9d6b2e84aab25cc	his published works focused on herpetology, but he	his published works focused on herpetology, but he also published on science and education. he held offices in many organizations, including the american association of museums, the american institute of biological sciences, and the american society of ichthyologists and herpetologists, of which he was a secretary from...	wikipedia
af8c6c8ec98b633548eeb6ca8028ad602a701c19	he moved to florida in 1946 to teach	he moved to florida in 1946 to teach at the university of florida in gainesville, where he stayed until 1959, working as an assistant professor, then becoming associate professor of biology, a position he held from 1950 to 1952. from 1952 to 1959, he was the director of the florida state museum. in 1959, he moved to bo...	wikipedia
4adab2e50b70e5e5f53e6b847f23b3c62cef8ac0	grobman was born on april 28, 1918, in	grobman was born on april 28, 1918, in newark, new jersey as morton arnold grobman, later changing his name to arnold brams grobman, taking his mother's maiden name as his middle name. he received his education in the public school system in newark, new jersey and began his post-secondary education at the university of...	wikipedia
030f6205f54269995a7fb0422df959d41b1c616e	quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude	quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude and extent of distributions of negative energy density in space-time. initially conceived to clear up a long-standing problem in quantum field theory, quantum inequalities have proven to have a diverse range of applications. the form of the quantum inequalitie...	wikipedia
5ca3260589db38ca4a876d32a1a64a316572c8e8	the earliest investigations into quantum inequalities were carried	the earliest investigations into quantum inequalities were carried out by larry ford and tom roman; an early collaborator was mitch pfenning, one of ford's students at tufts university. important work was also carried out by eanna flanagan. more recently, chris fewster (of the university of york, in the uk) has applied...	wikipedia
58b137f125d70f05f43a2b31168348696ab106e8	quantum inequalities constrain the magnitude and space-time extent	quantum inequalities constrain the magnitude and space-time extent of negative energy densities. in the case of the alcubierre warp drive mentioned above, the quantum inequalities predict that the amount of exotic matter required to create and sustain the warp drive "bubble" far exceeds the total mass-energy of the uni...	wikipedia
fe5d9ee00aa481a9ce578891fffa70c545b40eb1	for free, massless, minimally coupled scalar fields, for	for free, massless, minimally coupled scalar fields, for all τ 0 > 0 {\displaystyle \tau _{0}>0} the following inequality holds along any inertial observer worldline with velocity u i {\displaystyle u^{i}} and proper time τ {\displaystyle \tau }:	wikipedia
6805b2a44ab4d3de420ce6fadc553dcc8db11530	the situation in quantum field theory is rather	the situation in quantum field theory is rather different: the expectation value of the energy density can be negative at any given point. in fact, things are even worse: by tuning the state of the quantum matter field, the expectation value of the local energy density can be made arbitrarily negative.	wikipedia
de9ff4036dea4a2c7c6a4916d9df7fc618cb28be	all known classical matter fields obey certain "	all known classical matter fields obey certain " energy conditions ". the most famous classical energy condition is the "weak energy condition"; this asserts that the local energy density, as measured by an observer moving along a time-like world line, is non-negative. the weak energy condition is essential for many of...	wikipedia
780b7d135b9aa4844b5ea51bfd464d0a469216d2	a very simple observation can be made at	a very simple observation can be made at this point: the zero-point of energy-momentum is not arbitrary. adding a "constant" to the right-hand side of the einstein equations will effect a change in the einstein tensor, and thus also in the curvature properties of space-time.	wikipedia
ad08f49a3f12adcaf3b3f32bdfcd730835c4ace0	here, the einstein tensor g μ ν {\displaystyle	here, the einstein tensor g μ ν {\displaystyle g_{\mu \nu }} describes the curvature of space-time, whilst the energy–momentum tensor t μ ν {\displaystyle t_{\mu \nu }} describes the local distribution of matter. (κ {\displaystyle \kappa } is a constant.) the einstein equations express local relationships between the q...	wikipedia
930d43602cad826d9bc45f671c52c73885796ae1	einstein's theory of general relativity amounts to a	einstein's theory of general relativity amounts to a description of the relationship between the curvature of space-time, on the one hand, and the distribution of matter throughout space-time on the other. this precise details of this relationship are determined by the einstein equations	wikipedia
b3d75b973624da50bd5100038dd3e910e17d9e01	quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude	quantum inequalities are local constraints on the magnitude and extent of distributions of negative energy density in space-time. initially conceived to clear up a long-standing problem in quantum field theory (namely, the potential for unconstrained negative energy density at a point), quantum inequalities have proven...	wikipedia
3810c9db8bdc7b6a3f09c922d168fefed4774740	the type f made a few test flights	the type f made a few test flights in mid-1912 until damaged beyond repair in a hard landing on 13 september, after which it was not repaired. its viale 35 hp engine is on display at the science museum in london; and the rudder was preserved by the royal aero club.	wikipedia
56901674170cd9b82a837490bedb92957b273159	it was a wire-braced mid-wing monoplane with a	it was a wire-braced mid-wing monoplane with a tailskid undercarriage. the fuselage was teardrop-shaped with flat sides and cellon windows. oil leakage from the engine had been anticipated to obscure pilot view by coating cabin windows; so two circular windows at the pilot's head level could be opened for the pilot's h...	wikipedia
8b8adf83c04ac79656ed81c838192a496bee9c38	replayable cca security is a security notion in	replayable cca security is a security notion in cryptography that relaxes the older notion of security against chosen-ciphertext attack: all cca-secure systems are rcca secure but the converse is not true. the claim is that for a lot of use cases, cca is too strong and rcca suffices. nowadays a certain amount of crypto...	wikipedia
1d66e9caa4be10a9b2d69a2c6ffc1dd8593b065c	replayable cca security (rcca security) is a security	replayable cca security (rcca security) is a security notion in cryptography that relaxes the older notion of security against chosen-ciphertext attack (cca, more precisely adaptive security notion cca2): all cca-secure systems are rcca secure but the converse is not true. the claim is that for a lot of use cases, cca ...	wikipedia