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id stringlengths 40 40	title stringlengths 15 120	text stringlengths 41 3.14k	source stringclasses 2 values
7c442b3590f6a1c3452bd12f1d97be7b56c5bc93	after a year with the eisbären berlin in	after a year with the eisbären berlin in the deutsche eishockey liga, jarrett signed with hpk in the finnish sm-liiga. he completed his tryout contract with hpk and subsequently signed another with jokerit. he was released by jokerit in january, and signed for malmö redhawks of the swedish second-tier allsvenskan.	wikipedia
2950c4d5611e429ca3c7f8a24acd7f04c523d0a3	jarrett played major junior hockey with the plymouth	jarrett played major junior hockey with the plymouth whalers of the ontario hockey league before he was drafted 141st overall in the 2001 nhl entry draft by the columbus blue jackets. he was later signed to a three-year entry-level contract and played one national hockey league game with the new york islanders during t...	wikipedia
839f33f8c5a9c5ab6aafe4edf7bdb5ad690cd6e9	rodney coleman jarrett (born january 4, 1983) is	rodney coleman jarrett (born january 4, 1983) is a canadian former professional ice hockey defenseman, who played one game in the national hockey league (nhl) with the new york islanders. as of 2021, he is an owner and the head coach of the soo thunderbirds in the northern ontario junior hockey league.	wikipedia
83741b4cc12f424d551861ed261d96e52840245b	a public key infrastructure (pki) is a set	a public key infrastructure (pki) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. the purpose of a pki is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network a...	wikipedia
f53e59cd755b6878118c3ab0a25c1928b3ed4d3c	a public key infrastructure (pki) is a set	microsoft pki case, the ra functionality is provided either by the microsoft certificate services web site or through active directory certificate services which enforces microsoft enterprise ca, and certificate policy through certificate templates and manages certificate enrollment. in the case of microsoft standalon...	wikipedia
5fe1c8527bea195a8b5a208ebe9ea2cb144195fa	when a key is known to be compromised,	when a key is known to be compromised, it could be fixed by revoking the certificate, but such a compromise is not easily detectable and can be a huge security breach. browsers have to issue a security patch to revoke intermediary certificates issued by a compromised root certificate authority.	wikipedia
682021a803ddb8fcd474e4c8d9181aeb04480775	currently the majority of web browsers are shipped	currently the majority of web browsers are shipped with pre-installed intermediate certificates issued and signed by a certificate authority, by public keys certified by so-called root certificates. this means browsers need to carry a large number of different certificate providers, increasing the risk of a key comprom...	wikipedia
887cb762773eb0422cd6cb07f7aedf9bf087171e	some argue that purchasing certificates for securing websites	some argue that purchasing certificates for securing websites by ssl/tls and securing software by code signing is a costly venture for small businesses. however, the emergence of free alternatives, such as let's encrypt, has changed this. http/2, the latest version of http protocol, allows unsecured connections in theo...	wikipedia
02ab70488904d3231d53842025d5ae89d5ffba19	pki vendors have found a market, but it	pki vendors have found a market, but it is not quite the market envisioned in the mid-1990s, and it has grown both more slowly and in somewhat different ways than were anticipated. pkis have not solved some of the problems they were expected to, and several major vendors have gone out of business or been acquired by ot...	wikipedia
7b97c01333e8747f532b2167edea4e6e3b47d61f	by the first few years of the 21st	by the first few years of the 21st century, the underlying cryptographic engineering was clearly not easy to deploy correctly. operating procedures (manual or automatic) were not easy to correctly design (nor even if so designed, to execute perfectly, which the engineering required). the standards that existed were ins...	wikipedia
856427d303100c7ea4eea3a53a1af7b1306d8956	vendors and entrepreneurs saw the possibility of a	vendors and entrepreneurs saw the possibility of a large market, started companies (or new projects at existing companies), and began to agitate for legal recognition and protection from liability. an american bar association technology project published an extensive analysis of some of the foreseeable legal aspects of...	wikipedia
fd92e89691832a90929436c88913df27e7651515	assorted cryptographic protocols were invented and analyzed within	assorted cryptographic protocols were invented and analyzed within which the new cryptographic primitives could be effectively used. with the invention of the world wide web and its rapid spread, the need for authentication and secure communication became still more acute. commercial reasons alone (e.g., e-commerce, on...	wikipedia
995369f463ca1ebcd55549f171cc9ab4f8eb87fc	the public disclosure of both secure key exchange	the public disclosure of both secure key exchange and asymmetric key algorithms in 1976 by diffie, hellman, rivest, shamir, and adleman changed secure communications entirely. with the further development of high-speed digital electronic communications (the internet and its predecessors), a need became evident for ways...	wikipedia
5d9fd5d9a6148912845cb3703463e3ad507c3381	developments in pki occurred in the early 1970s	developments in pki occurred in the early 1970s at the british intelligence agency gchq, where james ellis, clifford cocks and others made important discoveries related to encryption algorithms and key distribution. because developments at gchq are highly classified, the results of this work were kept secret and not pu...	wikipedia
8af8ed4a06e996053f93427163fd010d4d1a5cee	decentralized identifiers (dids) eliminates dependence on centralized registries	decentralized identifiers (dids) eliminates dependence on centralized registries for identifiers as well as centralized certificate authorities for key management, which is the standard in hierarchical pki. in cases where the did registry is a distributed ledger, each entity can serve as its own root authority. this ar...	wikipedia
1f59004e9c7199a3ee7cf1a4a72d5e52c0989a4a	another alternative, which does not deal with public	another alternative, which does not deal with public authentication of public key information, is the simple public key infrastructure (spki) that grew out of three independent efforts to overcome the complexities of x.509 and pgp 's web of trust. spki does not associate users with persons, since the key is what is tru...	wikipedia
8d9069b17e82b8928bed247fc3671cfb2b0266fc	as time goes on, you will accumulate keys	as time goes on, you will accumulate keys from other people that you may want to designate as trusted introducers. everyone else will each choose their own trusted introducers. and everyone will gradually accumulate and distribute with their key a collection of certifying signatures from other people, with the expectat...	wikipedia
170ac52eb619f38959122a5e3d3c97855c298be7	one of the benefits of the web of	one of the benefits of the web of trust, such as in pgp, is that it can interoperate with a pki ca fully trusted by all parties in a domain (such as an internal ca in a company) that is willing to guarantee certificates, as a trusted introducer. if the "web of trust" is completely trusted then, because of the nature of...	wikipedia
4acd9c099231b8f7767c83274fbfe1663f029e22	an alternative approach to the problem of public	an alternative approach to the problem of public authentication of public key information is the web-of-trust scheme, which uses self-signed certificates and third-party attestations of those certificates. the singular term "web of trust" does not imply the existence of a single web of trust, or common point of trust, ...	wikipedia
31f2a163506b3decd18168fae412ec968d0f0d20	this approach involves a server that acts as	this approach involves a server that acts as an offline certificate authority within a single sign-on system. a single sign-on server will issue digital certificates into the client system, but never stores them. users can execute programs, etc. with the temporary certificate. it is common to find this solution variety...	wikipedia
567f4a3856fd51b23fd665af054d1b9c10004863	according to netcraft report from 2015, the industry	according to netcraft report from 2015, the industry standard for monitoring active transport layer security (tls) certificates, states that "although the global ecosystem is competitive, it is dominated by a handful of major cas — three certificate authorities (symantec, sectigo, godaddy) account for three-quarters of...	wikipedia
62d786e318272150dc4cb889fce45626e093f35c	due to the cost of revocation checks and	due to the cost of revocation checks and the availability impact from potentially-unreliable remote services, web browsers limit the revocation checks they will perform, and will fail-soft where they do. certificate revocation lists are too bandwidth-costly for routine use, and the online certificate status protocol pr...	wikipedia
800c151b6dbefd40a828f26c9b7c27cc5477f508	for distributing revocation information to clients, timeliness of	for distributing revocation information to clients, timeliness of the discovery of revocation (and hence the window for an attacker to exploit a compromised certificate) trades off against resource usage in querying revocation statuses and privacy concerns. if revocation information is unavailable (either due to accide...	wikipedia
d6177efa851ca3ef96ce46e0c275042285fc42c8	a certificate may be revoked before it expires,	a certificate may be revoked before it expires, which signals that it is no longer valid. without revocation, an attacker would be able to exploit such a compromised or mis-issued certificate until expiry. hence, revocation is an important part of a public key infrastructure. revocation is performed by the issuing cert...	wikipedia
1781404e6ee2c576515df1f88a449ece728ec710	the primary role of the ca is to	the primary role of the ca is to digitally sign and publish the public key bound to a given user. this is done using the ca's own private key, so that trust in the user key relies on one's trust in the validity of the ca's key. when the ca is a third party separate from the user and the system, then it is called the re...	wikipedia
b8f80f75bfa19f9fd61ad85f9b2e8c317ceea5ab	a public key infrastructure (pki) is a system	a public key infrastructure (pki) is a system for the creation, storage, and distribution of digital certificates which are used to verify that a particular public key belongs to a certain entity. the pki creates digital certificates which map public keys to entities, securely stores these certificates in a central rep...	wikipedia
19f98be2d73c8a96337a82c7fe124f168f4f7852	authenticity: assurance that every entity has certainty of	authenticity: assurance that every entity has certainty of what it is connecting to, or can evidence its legitimacy when connecting to a protected service. the former is termed server-side authentication - typically used when authenticating to a web server using a password. the latter is termed client-side authenticati...	wikipedia
fd5f17d3acb44331a02cfed0b4dcae68a10ad0b9	integrity: assurance that if an entity changed (tampered)	integrity: assurance that if an entity changed (tampered) with transmitted data in the slightest way, it would be obvious it happened as its integrity would have been compromised. often it is not of utmost importance to prevent the integrity being compromised (tamper proof), however, it is of utmost importance that if ...	wikipedia
9f589e15b1a7746e105bb74beda18921a6590754	confidentiality: assurance that no entity can maliciously or	confidentiality: assurance that no entity can maliciously or unwittingly view a payload in clear text. data is encrypted to make it secret, such that even if it was read, it appears as gibberish. perhaps the most common use of pki for confidentiality purposes is in the context of transport layer security (tls). tls is ...	wikipedia
a1981af130024b9389987e51ae35e9ef16af438e	the pki role that may be delegated by	the pki role that may be delegated by a ca to assure valid and correct registration is called a registration authority (ra). an ra is responsible for accepting requests for digital certificates and authenticating the entity making the request. the internet engineering task force 's rfc 3647 defines an ra as "an entity ...	wikipedia
7e0deb8a91f431482c0a65396866dcc79433ce69	in cryptography, a pki is an arrangement that	in cryptography, a pki is an arrangement that binds public keys with respective identities of entities (like people and organizations). the binding is established through a process of registration and issuance of certificates at and by a certificate authority (ca). depending on the assurance level of the binding, this ...	wikipedia
c3d09be35f833203353c8f26c24dddded5db88f3	the purpose of a pki is to facilitate	the purpose of a pki is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email. it is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method and more rigorous proof is required to confirm t...	wikipedia
972adcfc1dc766c4303377d82826f1568b05ba54	yevgeni tunik is the product of the elektrostal	yevgeni tunik is the product of the elektrostal hockey system. the young forward was also consistently part of russia's u18 and u20 national teams. tunik was drafted by the new york islanders during the 2003 nhl entry draft. since the draft he has struggled to become a regular in the super league and has primarily skat...	wikipedia
6eec97728e028feffdbc9666c9a27d1f89cf5b2d	yevgeni tunik (born november 17, 1984) is the	yevgeni tunik (born november 17, 1984) is the product of the elektrostal hockey system. the young forward was also consistently part of russia's u18 and u20 national teams. tunik was drafted by the new york islanders during the 2003 nhl entry draft. since the draft he has struggled to become a regular in the super leag...	wikipedia
4c338b979027421cd7afdbc1b21b94139690609b	academician aliashraf abdulhuseyn oghlu alizade (1911–1985) was an	academician aliashraf abdulhuseyn oghlu alizade (1911–1985) was an azerbaijani geologist. he was a full member and one of the founders of the azerbaijan national academy of sciences (1945), and an honorary oilman of the ussr (1971). he was also a state award laureate for the discovery and exploitation of new oil fields...	wikipedia
6093641c1da7b1509c8a616aa28bd6836137122b	academician aliashraf abdulhuseyn oghlu alizade (1911 – 1985)	academician aliashraf abdulhuseyn oghlu alizade (1911 – 1985) was an azerbaijani geologist. he was a full member and one of the founders of the azerbaijan national academy of sciences (1945), and an honorary oilman of the ussr (1971). he was also a state award laureate for the discovery and exploitation of new oil fiel...	wikipedia
ef2ea52f0e72ba26ee309b4b3e057933e6872e6b	hanson tamba boakai is a professional soccer player	hanson tamba boakai is a professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder. born a liberian refugee in guinea, he has represented canada at youth level. he holds the record for the youngest player ever to appear in a nasl game at the age of 16 years and 231 days, taking the record away from his former coach, colin m...	wikipedia
61cc8e31ce24027d051a6848d0c5137decd25f2d	boakai continued to represent canada at the u20	boakai continued to represent canada at the u20 level and was a part of the team that traveled to northern ireland for the 2014 milk cup. after a strong showing for the youth sides, and a continued presence with edmonton, canada coach benito floro called up boakai to the senior team for a friendly against colombia in o...	wikipedia
b6cf37d698e9b76f0761cb5769f64224e26ae768	boakai had played for the canada u15 soccer	boakai had played for the canada u15 soccer side while with the edmonton reserves. he then played for the canada u17 during the 2013 concacaf u-17 championship, scoring against costa rica u17 and jamaica u17 sides as canada managed to make it the semi-finals and thus qualify for the 2013 fifa u-17 world cup.	wikipedia
d7c0c907c4e32dcaf70e586b4746e8771d4e9e96	on 4 december 2019, boakai signed for the	on 4 december 2019, boakai signed for the second time with his youth club fc edmonton, now playing in the canadian premier league. he made his first appearance for the eddies since 2015 on august 16, 2020 against forge fc	wikipedia