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and disk ii, small businesses purchased 90 % of the computers. the apple iii was designed to be a business computer and successor. though the apple ii contributed to the inspirations of several important business products, such as visicalc, multiplan, and apple writer, the computer's hardware architecture, operating sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20III | [
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apple ii line, and to push the apple iii as its successor. for example, no more than of ram can be accessed, even if the machine has of ram or higher present. many apple ii programs require a minimum of of ram, making them impossible to run on the apple iii. similarly, access to lowercase support, 80 columns text, or i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20III | [
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, " the integrated circuits tended to wander out of their sockets ". it has been rumored apple advised customers to tilt the front of the apple iii six inches above the desk and then drop it to reseat the chips as a temporary solution. other analyses blame a faulty automatic chip insertion process, not heat. case desig... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20III | [
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boolean ( 16 - bit ) operations (,, ), with additional operators,,. line number specification in the command. options of ( to skip to the statement after that which caused the error ) or a specified line number ( which replaces the idea of exiting error - handling by - line, thus avoiding applesoft ii's stack error pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20III | [
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invoked module, with features including displaying text within graphics in various fonts, within four different graphics modes available on the apple iii. reception despite devoting the majority of its r & d to the apple iii and so ignoring the ii that for a while dealers had difficulty in obtaining the latter, the iii... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20III | [
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in computer science, an avl tree ( named after inventors adelson - velsky and landis ) is a self - balancing binary search tree. in an avl tree, the heights of the two child subtrees of any node differ by at most one ; if at any time they differ by more than one, rebalancing is done to restore this property. lookup, in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVL%20tree | [
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navigating from node p to the next - to - the - right node q takes 3 steps ). since there are links in any tree, the amortized cost is, or approximately 2. insert when inserting a node into an avl tree, you initially follow the same process as inserting into a binary search tree. if the tree is empty, then the node is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVL%20tree | [
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the path, and all values greater than will be found on the right. by applying join, all the subtrees on the left side are merged bottom - up using keys on the path as intermediate nodes from bottom to top to form the left tree, and the right part is asymmetric. the cost of split is, order of the height of the tree. fun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVL%20tree | [
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astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that claim to discern information about human affairs and terrestrial events by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects. different cultures have employed forms of astrology since at least the 2nd millennium... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | [
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belief in it largely declined, until a continuing resurgence starting in the 1960s. in india, belief in astrology is long - standing, widespread and continuing. etymology the word astrology comes from the early latin word astrologia, which derives from the greek — from αστρον astron ( " star " ) and - λογια - logia, ( ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | [
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literature in the works of poets such as dante alighieri and geoffrey chaucer, and of playwrights such as christopher marlowe and william shakespeare. throughout most of its history, astrology was considered a scholarly tradition. it was accepted in political and academic contexts, and was connected with other studies,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | [
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the heavens neither caused, nor heralded earthly events. his contemporary, pietro pomponazzi, a " rationalistic and critical thinker ", was much more sanguine about astrology and critical of pico's attack. renaissance and early modern renaissance scholars commonly practised astrology. gerolamo cardano cast the horoscop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | [
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, notes that astrology " should be judged as not pseudoscientific in classical or renaissance times... only when the historical and social aspects of science are neglected does it become plausible that pseudoscience is an unchanging category. " historians of science such as tamsyn barton, roger beck, francesca rochberg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrology | [
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emphasis on aesthetic appreciation and the so - called autonomy of art, but they reiterated the attack on biographical criticisms'assumption that the artist's activities and experience were a privileged critical topic. " these authors contend that : " anti - intentionalists, such as formalists, hold that the intentions... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics | [
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to aesthetically prefer simple proofs with a short description in their formal language. another concrete example describes an aesthetically pleasing human face whose proportions can be described by very few bits of information, drawing inspiration from less detailed 15th century proportion studies by leonardo da vinci... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesthetics | [
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trs - 80. a special version of newdos / 80, ( an improved trs - dos compatible disk operating system ) was used to support these disk capacities when using the trs - 80 compatibility mode. for the educational market a version of the first model was produced with a new plastic enclosure ( the first asters had an all - m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster%20CT-80 | [
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to control a modem through which it could contact a prestel service provider. sales most aster ct - 80's ( about 10 thousand of them ) were sold to schools for computer education, in a project first known as the " honderd scholen project " ( one hundred schools project ), but which later involved many more than just on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster%20CT-80 | [
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software - compatible computer system, which ( following the lead of apple computer ) they decided to name after a " typical dutch flower ". so they called it the aster ct - 80 ( cp / m / tandy - 1980 ). why they went with aster, and not the more well known tulip is unknown, perhaps they thought it would be to presumpt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster%20CT-80 | [
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and hardware text line and arc drawing capability, was designed for cad applications, based on the nec μpd7220 chip designed for graphic terminals, but was also used by some personal computers like the dec rainbow, and notably also for the tulip system i. a colour video card with sprite capability based on the same tms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aster%20CT-80 | [
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the atari st is a line of personal computers from atari corporation and the successor to the atari 8 - bit family. the initial model, the atari 520st, had limited release in april – june 1985 and was widely available in july. it was the first personal computer with a bitmapped color gui, using a version of digital rese... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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: tt030 ( 1990 ), mega ste ( 1991 ), and falcon ( 1992 ). atari discontinued the entire st computer line in 1993, shifting the company's focus to the jaguar video game console. development the atari st was born from the rivalry between home computer makers atari, inc. and commodore international. jay miner, one of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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entered discussions with commodore. this led to commodore wanting to purchase amiga corporation outright, which commodore believed would cancel any outstanding contracts, including atari's. instead of amiga corp. delivering lorraine to atari, commodore delivered a check of $ 500, 000 on amiga's behalf, in effect return... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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digital research, which was working on a new gui - based system then known as crystal, soon to become gem. another option was to write a new operating system, but this was rejected as atari management was unsure whether the company had the required expertise. digital research was fully committed to the intel platform, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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unsure of whether to develop for the st or the amiga. john c. dvorak wrote that the public saw both commodore and atari as selling " cheap disposable " game machines, in part because of their computers'sophisticated graphics. design the original 520st case design was created by ira velinsky, atari's chief industrial de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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##tf : essentially a 520st with twice the ram and with the power supply and a double - sided floppy drive built - in instead of external. this adds to the size of the machine, but reduces cable clutter. the joystick and mouse ports, formerly on the right side of the machine, are in a niche underneath the keyboard. an "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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##ter coprocessor improved some graphics performance, but was not included in all models. developers wanting to use it had to detect its presence in their programs. properly written applications using the gem api automatically make use of the blitter. ste in late 1989, atari corporation released the 520ste and 1040ste ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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applications ( such as the wysiwyg word - processor application 1st word plus ). very little use was made of the extra features of the ste : ste - enhanced and ste - only software was rare. the last ste machine, the mega ste, is an ste in a grey atari tt case that had a switchable 16 mhz, dual - bus design ( 16 - bit e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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khz ( inaudible ) and then modulates the amplitude of that. mastertracks pro originated on macintosh, then st, then ibm pc version. it continued on windows and macos, along with the original company's notation applications encore. applications professional desktop publishing software includes pagestream and calamus. wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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important development in chess research since printing ". graphical touchscreen point of sale software for restaurants was originally developed for atari st by gene mosher under the viewtouch copyright and trademark. instead of using gem, he developed a gui and widget framework for the application using the neochrome p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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to be the best - selling software ever produced for the platform. simulation games like falcon and flight simulator ii use the st's graphics hardware, as do many arcade ports. the 1987 first person shooter, midi maze, uses the midi ports to connect up to 16 machines for networked deathmatch play. the critically acclaim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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disk drive port ( 14 - pin din ), dma port ( acsi port, atari computer system interface ) for hard disks and atari laser printer ( sharing ram with computer system ), joystick and mouse ports ( 9 - pin msx standard ) operating system : tos v1. 00 ( tos meaning the operating system ) with the graphics environment manage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20ST | [
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caused her to not give the album " the attention it merited. " during the recording stages for the album, aaliyah's publicist disclosed that the album's release date was most likely in october 2000. eventually, she finished recording the album in march 2001 ; after a year of recording tracks that began in march of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaliyah | [
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of the 1976 film sparkle. houston recalled aaliyah being " so enthusiastic " about the film ; the project was shelved after she died. before her death aaliyah filmed some scenes for the sequels of the matrix as the character zee. a portion of her role in the matrix reloaded was filmed ; these unused scenes were include... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaliyah | [
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the couple married on august 31, 1994, in sheraton gateway suites in rosemont, illinois. aaliyah, who was 15 at the time, was listed as 18 on the certificate ; r. kelly was 27. the marriage was annulled by her parents in february 1995, but the pair denied the allegations, saying that neither was married and that the ce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaliyah | [
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million was " very much ahead of its time, with the bass and electro kind of r & b sounds that they produced ", and that the sound, " really stood out " at its time, was being replicated. there has been continuing belief that aaliyah would have achieved greater career success had it not been for her death. emil wilbeki... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaliyah | [
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armour ( commonwealth english ) or armor ( american english ; see spelling differences ) is a covering used to protect an object, individual, or vehicle from physical injury or damage, especially direct contact weapons or projectiles during combat, or from a potentially dangerous environment or activity ( e. g. cycling... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armour | [
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( apc ) was devised during the first world war. it allows the safe and rapid movement of infantry in a combat zone, minimising casualties and maximising mobility. apcs are fundamentally different from the previously used armoured half - tracks in that they offer a higher level of protection from artillery burst fragmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armour | [
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abc are the first three letters of the latin script. abc or abc may also refer to : arts, entertainment and media broadcasting american broadcasting company, a commercial u. s. tv broadcaster disney – abc television group, the former name of the parent organization of abc australian broadcasting corporation, one of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC | [
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and technology biology and medicine abacavir, an antiretroviral drug used to treat hiv / aids abc ( medicine ), a mnemonic for " airway, breathing, circulation " abc model of flower development, a genetic model abortion – breast cancer hypothesis, a posited connection between breast cancer and abortion alien big cat, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC | [
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of the abbasid caliphate due to siege of baghdad in 1258. during this time, arab scholars made significant contributions to fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and philosophy. these advancements had a profound impact on european scholars during the renaissance. the arabs shared its knowledge and ideas with... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs | [
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arabic science underwent considerable development during the middle ages ( 8th to 13th centuries ce ), a source of knowledge that later spread throughout medieval europe and greatly influenced both medical practice and education. the language of recorded science was arabic. scientific treatises were composed by thinker... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs | [
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age. his work is considered instrumental in the development of science and astronomy. one of al - battani's best - known achievements in astronomy was the determination of the solar year as being 365 days, 5 hours, 46 minutes and 24 seconds which is only 2 minutes and 22 seconds off. in mathematics, al - battani produc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs | [
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seen as exclusively based on islamic practices as a 1992 study among arabs in jordan did not show significant differences between christian arabs or muslim arabs when comparing the occurrence of consanguinity. genetics arabs are diverse genetically as a result of their intermarriage and mixing with indigenous people of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs | [
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in computer science, the analysis of algorithms is the process of finding the computational complexity of algorithms — the amount of time, storage, or other resources needed to execute them. usually, this involves determining a function that relates the size of an algorithm's input to the number of steps it takes ( its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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sometimes be computed but they usually require certain assumptions concerning the particular implementation of the algorithm, called model of computation. a model of computation may be defined in terms of an abstract computer, e. g. turing machine, and / or by postulating that certain operations are executed in unit ti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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run - time analysis run - time analysis is a theoretical classification that estimates and anticipates the increase in running time ( or run - time or execution time ) of an algorithm as its input size ( usually denoted as ) increases. run - time efficiency is a topic of great interest in computer science : a program c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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forth. on the other hand, computer b, running the binary search program, exhibits a logarithmic growth rate. quadrupling the input size only increases the run - time by a constant amount ( in this example, 50, 000 ns ). even though computer a is ostensibly a faster machine, computer b will inevitably surpass computer a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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curved line ) — but still could serve for comparison of any two given algorithms as to their empirical local orders of growth behaviour. applied to the above table : it is clearly seen that the first algorithm exhibits a linear order of growth indeed following the power rule. the empirical values for the second one are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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loop makes one pass, so running the inner loop body ( step 6 ) consumes t6 time, and the inner loop test ( step 5 ) consumes 2t5 time. during the next pass through the outer loop, j iterates from 1 to 2 : the inner loop makes two passes, so running the inner loop body ( step 6 ) consumes 2t6 time, and the inner loop te... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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size n increases, memory will be consumed at an exponential growth rate, which is order. this is an extremely rapid and most likely unmanageable growth rate for consumption of memory resources. relevance algorithm analysis is important in practice because the accidental or unintentional use of an inefficient algorithm ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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linear or quadratic factors cannot be ignored, but for small data an asymptotically inefficient algorithm may be more efficient. this is particularly used in hybrid algorithms, like timsort, which use an asymptotically efficient algorithm ( here merge sort, with time complexity ), but switch to an asymptotically ineffi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20algorithms | [
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atari ( ) is a brand name that has been owned by several entities since its inception in 1972. it is currently owned by french company atari sa ( formerly infogrames ) through a subsidiary named atari interactive. the original atari, inc., founded in sunnyvale, california, usa in 1972 by nolan bushnell and ted dabney, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari | [
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it sought bankruptcy protection under french law in january 2013. as of 2023, the current atari's focus is on " video games, consumer hardware, licensing and blockchain ". history logotype the name comes from the japanese term atari, used while playing the ancient board game go. the word atari means " to hit a target "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari | [
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had been in talks with tramel technology to buy atari's consumer electronics and home computer divisions. negotiating until close to midnight on july 1, 1984, jack tramiel purchased the home computing and game console divisions of atari for $ 240 million in promissory notes and stocks. warner gained a 20 % stake in tra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari | [
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was sold to silo in 1989. in 1988, the company unveiled the 1040stf and the mega st with a bit image manipulator chip, and launched its first parallel computer. the atw - 800 transputer was based on the inmos t800 cpu, which had a 32 / 64 - bit architecture, ran at 15 million instructions per second ( mips ) and housed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari | [
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, stated that their entire operations consist of a staff of 10 people. on june 22, 2014, atari announced a new corporate strategy that would include a focus on " new audiences ", specifically " lgbt, social casinos, real - money gambling, and youtube ". on june 8, 2017, a short teaser video was released, promoting a ne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari | [
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university selected for inclusion in the education and academia category of the computerworld smithsonian award. faculty strikes acadia university's board of governors and members of the acadia university faculty association ( aufa ) have ratified a new collective agreement covering the period 1 july 2010 to 30 june 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia%20University | [
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insect control techniques and technologies. innovation the acadia advantage in 1996, acadia university pioneered the use of mobile computing technology in a post - secondary educational environment. this academic initiative, named the acadia advantage, integrated the use of notebook computers into the undergraduate cur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acadia%20University | [
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sir arthur stanley eddington ( 28 december 1882 – 22 november 1944 ) was an english astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. he was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. the eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact objec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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. there is a commemorative plaque on the building explaining sir arthur's contribution to science. in 1893 eddington entered brynmelyn school. he proved to be a most capable scholar, particularly in mathematics and english literature. his performance earned him a scholarship to owens college, manchester ( what was late... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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controversial. chandrasekhar's narrative of this incident, in which his work is harshly rejected, portrays eddington as rather cruel and dogmatic. chandra benefited from his friendship with eddington. it was eddington and milne who put up chandra's name for the fellowship for the royal society which chandra obtained. a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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were granted an exemption on the ground of eddington's work being of national interest. in 1918, this was appealed against by the ministry of national service. before the appeal tribunal in june, eddington claimed conscientious objector status, which was not recognized and would have ended his exemption in august 1918.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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predicted by einstein. eddington's observations published the next year allegedly confirmed einstein's theory, and were hailed at the time as evidence of general relativity over the newtonian model. the news was reported in newspapers all over the world as a major story. afterward, eddington embarked on a campaign to p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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##ed from replying, he insisted arthur not be " so shy ", whereupon eddington replied, " oh, no! i was wondering who the third one might be! " cosmology eddington was also heavily involved with the development of the first generation of general relativistic cosmological models. he had been investigating the instability... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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high eddington number is difficult, since moving from, say, 70 to 75 will ( probably ) require more than five new long - distance rides, since any rides shorter than 75 miles will no longer be included in the reckoning. eddington's own life - time e - number was 84. the eddington number for cycling is analogous to the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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absurd, for whatever is observed must ultimately be the content of our own consciousness, and consequently, nonmaterial. eddington believed that physics cannot explain consciousness - " light waves are propagated from the table to the eye ; chemical changes occur in the retina ; propagation of some kind occurs in the o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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philosophical writings eddington wrote a parody of the rubaiyat of omar khayyam, recounting his 1919 solar eclipse experiment. it contained the following quatrain : during the 1920s and 30s, eddington gave numerous lectures, interviews, and radio broadcasts on relativity, in addition to his textbook the mathematical th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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chairman of the national peace council 1941 – 1943 president of the international astronomical union ; of the physical society, 1930 – 32 ; of the royal astronomical society, 1921 – 23 romanes lecturer, 1922 gifford lecturer, 1927 in popular culture eddington is a central figure in the short story " the mathematician's... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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science and religion, as a scientist sees it. arrow / scrollable preview. 1933. the expanding universe : astronomy's'great debate ', 1900 – 1931. cambridge university press. 1935. new pathways in science. cambridge university press. 1936. relativity theory of protons and electrons. cambridge univ. press. 1939. philosop... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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eddington ( 1882 – 1944 ). university of st andrews, scotland. quotations by arthur eddington arthur stanley eddington the bruce medalists. russell, henry norris, " review of the internal constitution of the stars by a. s. eddington ". ap. j. 67, 83 ( 1928 ). experiments of sobral and principe repeated in the space pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Eddington | [
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the apple ii ( stylized as ) is an 8 - bit home computer and one of the world's first highly successful mass - produced microcomputer products. it was designed primarily by steve wozniak ; jerry manock developed the design of apple ii's foam - molded plastic case, rod holt developed the switching power supply, while st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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violate fcc regulations ), 4 kib of ram, an audio cassette interface for loading programs and storing data, and the integer basic programming language built into roms. the video controller displayed 24 lines by 40 columns of monochrome, uppercase - only text on the screen ( the original character set matches ascii char... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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to change the world. " overview in the may 1977 issue of byte, steve wozniak published a detailed description of his design ; the article began, " to me, a personal computer should be small, reliable, convenient to use, and inexpensive. " the apple ii used peculiar engineering shortcuts to save hardware and reduce cost... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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' s realization that the method would allow for the refresh of dynamic ram as a side effect ( as described above ). this method had no cost overhead to have software calculate or look up the address of the required scanline and avoided the need for significant extra hardware. similarly, in high - resolution graphics mo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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circuit board ( pcb ) underwent several revisions, as steve wozniak made modifications to it. the earliest version was known as revision 0, and the first 6, 000 units shipped used it. later revisions added a color killer circuit to prevent color fringing when the computer was in text mode, as well as modifications to i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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code had to stop everything to perform any i / o task ; like many of the computer's other idiosyncrasies, this was due to cost reasons and steve wozniak assuming interrupts were not needed for gaming or using the computer as a teaching tool. display and graphics color on the apple ii series uses a quirk of the ntsc tel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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hgr page occupied 8 kib of ram ; in practice this meant that the user had to have at least 12 kib of total ram to use hgr mode and 20 kib to use two pages. early apple ii games from the 1977 – 79 period often ran only in text or low - resolution mode in order to support users with small memory configurations ; hgr not ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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in rom, and was sat below the integer basic rom in system memory. the user could switch between either basic by typing fp or int in basic prompt. apple also offered a different version of applesoft for cassette users, which occupied low memory, and was started by using the load command in integer basic. as shipped, app... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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generation is the first to grow up with computers. go change the world. " sold at auction for $ 787, 484 in 2021. operating system the original apple ii provided an operating system in rom along with a basic variant called integer basic. the only form of storage available was cassette tape which was inefficiently slow ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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machine to the cassette output. wozniak's open - architecture design and apple ii's multiple expansion slots permitted a wide variety of third - party devices, including peripheral cards, such as serial controllers, display controllers, memory boards, hard disks, networking components, and real - time clocks. there wer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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but the company also had " to negotiate the attitudes of its potential buyers, bearing in mind social anxieties about the uptake of new technologies in multiple contexts. the office, the home and the'office - in - the - home'were implicated in these changing spheres of gender stereotypes and technological development. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20II | [
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an audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. the bit layout of the audio data ( excluding metadata ) is called the audio coding format and can be uncompressed, or compressed to reduce the file size, often using lossy compression. the data can be a raw bitstream in an audio ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20file%20format | [
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the first a - 12 test aircraft was covertly trucked from burbank on 26 february 1962 and arrived at groom lake on 28 february. it made its first flight 26 april 1962 when the base had over 1, 000 personnel. the closed airspace above groom lake was within the nellis air force range airspace, and pilots saw the a - 12 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%2051 | [
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". when the d - 21 / m - 21 reached the launch point, the first step would be to blow off the d - 21's inlet and exhaust covers. with the d - 21 / m - 21 at the correct speed and altitude, the lco would start the ramjet and the other systems of the d - 21. " with the d - 21's systems activated and running, and the laun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%2051 | [
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modification work to both the d - 21 ( now designated d - 21b ) and the b - 52hs was complete. the test program could now resume. the test missions were flown out of groom lake, with the actual launches over the pacific. the first d - 21b to be flown was article 501, the prototype. the first attempt was made on 28 sept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%2051 | [
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disclosure of classified documents or examination of secret witnesses, claiming that this would expose classified information and threaten national security. judge pro rejected the government's argument, so president bill clinton issued a presidential determination exempting what it called " the air force's operating l... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%2051 | [
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security the perimeter of the base is marked out by orange posts and patrolled by guards in white pickup trucks and camouflage fatigues. the guards are popularly referred to as " camo dudes " by enthusiasts. the guards will not answer questions about their employers ; however, according to the new york daily news, ther... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%2051 | [
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audio signal processing is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves — longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. the energy contained in audio signals or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20signal%20processing | [
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a. w. johnson and a. b. bradley at the university of surrey in 1987. lpc is the basis for perceptual coding and is widely used in speech coding, while mdct coding is widely used in modern audio coding formats such as mp3 and advanced audio coding ( aac ). types analog an analog audio signal is a continuous signal repre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20signal%20processing | [
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with medium wave and shortwave broadcasting ), and adjust overall loudness to the desired level. active noise control active noise control is a technique designed to reduce unwanted sound. by creating a signal that is identical to the unwanted noise but with the opposite polarity, the two signals cancel out due to dest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20signal%20processing | [
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acn may refer to : accenture, professional services company, listed on the nyse as acn achang language, a tibeto - burman language of china achnasheen railway station, uk, national rail code acineta, a genus of orchid acn inc., multi - level marketing company providing telecommunications and other services action congr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACN | [
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first data item from it ; and front, that accesses and serves the first data item in the queue. if these were the entire definitions, there would be no way of differentiating these two data types and their very different expected ordering behavior. thus, a constraint is introduced that for a stack specifies that each p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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may be drawn between " imperative " ( or " operational " ) and " functional " ( or " axiomatic " ) definition styles. imperative - style definition in the theory of imperative programming languages, an abstract data structure is conceived as an entity that is mutable — meaning that it may be in different states at diff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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. in this definition, it is implicitly assumed that names are always distinct : storing a value into a variable u has no effect on the state of a distinct variable v. to make this assumption explicit, one could add the constraint that if u and v are distinct variables, the sequence { store ( u, x ) ; store ( v, y ) } i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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, before performing any store operation on v. an algorithm that does so may be considered invalid, either ( a ) because the adt prohibits such an operation, or ( b ) simply because its effect is not defined by the adt. however, there are some important algorithms whose efficiency strongly depends on the assumption that... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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of the adt ; initialize ( s ), that prepares a newly created instance s for further operations, or resets it to some " initial state " ; copy ( s, t ), that puts instance s in a state equivalent to that of t ; clone ( t ), that performs s ← create ( ), copy ( s, t ), and returns s ; free ( s ) or destroy ( s ), that re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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according to the adt's specifications. usually, there are many ways to implement the same adt, using several different concrete data structures. thus, for example, an abstract stack can be implemented by a linked list or by an array. in order to prevent clients from depending on the implementation, an adt is often pack... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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with these additional specifications, the implementation could use a linked list, or an array ( with dynamic resizing ) together with two integers ( an item count and the array size ). functional - style interface functional - style adt definitions are more appropriate for functional programming languages, and vice ver... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20data%20type | [
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... |
. the resulting cross - linking plays a role in activating other parts of the immune system. the structures of cdrs have been clustered and classified by chothia et al. and more recently by north et al. and nikoloudis et al. however, describing an antibody's binding site using only one single static structure limits th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody | [
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... |
have created " triomas " and " quadromas ". the manufacturing process should be appropriately described and validated. validation studies should at least include : the demonstration that the process is able to produce in good quality ( the process should be validated ) the efficiency of the antibody purification ( all ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody | [
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... |
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