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the server / provider nodes ( " peer - to - peer " traffic ) is blocked. the result is a network based on a nominally shared transmission system ; like ethernet, but in which " client " nodes cannot communicate with each other, only with the server / provider. a common application is internet providers. allowing direct... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast%20domain | [
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1993 from british aerospace, forming raytheon aircraft company. in 2002, the beechcraft brand was revived to again designate the wichita - produced aircraft. in 2006, raytheon sold raytheon aircraft to goldman sachs creating hawker beechcraft. since its inception beechcraft has resided in wichita, kansas, also the home... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft | [
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military version ) beechcraft t - 6 texan ii / ct - 156 harvard ii – single - engined turboprop military trainer, based on pilatus pc - 9 facilities beech factory airport – houses beechcraft's head office, manufacturing facility, and runway for test flights see also beech aircraft corp. v. rainey references notes bibli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beechcraft | [
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seven ordinances. in anabaptist theology, baptism is a part of the process of salvation. for anabaptists, " believer's baptism consists of three parts, the spirit, the water, and the blood — these three witnesses on earth. " according to anabaptist theology : ( 1 ) in believer's baptism, the holy spirit witnesses the c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptism | [
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currently worn as of 2022 by dean marlowe. number 32 had been withdrawn from circulation, but not retired, after o. j. simpson. former owner ralph wilson insisted on not reissuing the number, even after simpson's highly publicized murder case and later robbery conviction. the number was placed back into circulation in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bills | [
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##star media group to carry bills preseason games across its network of stations in the region. as of 2020, wivb - tv serves as the flagship station of the network, which includes wjet - tv in erie, wroc - tv in rochester, wsyr - tv in syracuse, wutr in utica, wetm - tv in elmira and wivt in binghamton. steve tasker do... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Bills | [
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in computer science, a binary search tree ( bst ), also called an ordered or sorted binary tree, is a rooted binary tree data structure with the key of each internal node being greater than all the keys in the respective node's left subtree and less than the ones in its right subtree. the time complexity of operations ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20search%20tree | [
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dynamic sets, lookup tables and priority queues, and used in sorting algorithms such as tree sort. history the binary search tree algorithm was discovered independently by several researchers, including p. f. windley, andrew donald booth, andrew colin, thomas n. hibbard. the algorithm is attributed to conway berners - ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20search%20tree | [
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are guaranteed to be related by a constant factor. this property was introduced by the avl tree and continued by the red – black tree. the heights of all the nodes on the path from the root to the modified leaf node have to be observed and possibly corrected on every insert and delete operation to the tree. weight - ba... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20search%20tree | [
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search tree references further reading external links ben pfaff : an introduction to binary search trees and balanced trees. ( pdf ; 1675 kb ) 2004. binary tree visualizer ( javascript animation of various bt - based data structures ) articles with example c + + code articles with example python ( programming language ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20search%20tree | [
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in computer science, a binary tree is a tree data structure in which each node has at most two children, referred to as the left child and the right child. that is, it is a k - ary tree with. a recursive definition using set theory is that a binary tree is a tuple ( l, s, r ), where l and r are binary trees or the empt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20tree | [
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entirely on the order in which they were added, and can be re - arranged ( for example by balancing ) without changing the meaning. second, as a representation of data with a relevant bifurcating structure. in such cases, the particular arrangement of nodes under and / or to the left or right of other nodes is part of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20tree | [
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of leaves at that height can't exceed as the number of leaves at the height in a perfect tree. thus. in a non - empty binary tree, if is the total number of nodes and is the total number of edges, then. this is obvious because each node requires one edge except for the root node. the number of null links ( i. e., absen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20tree | [
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, the internal representation of the proper list ). the ability to represent binary trees as strings of symbols and parentheses implies that binary trees can represent the elements of a free magma on a singleton set. methods for storing binary trees binary trees can be constructed from programming language primitives i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20tree | [
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its sibling / s. see also references citations bibliography donald knuth. the art of computer programming vol 1. fundamental algorithms'', third edition. addison - wesley, 1997.. section 2. 3, especially subsections 2. 3. 1 – 2. 3. 2 ( pp. 318 – 348 ). external links binary trees entry in the findstat database binary t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20tree | [
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##dorff topological spaces, then the set of borel subsets of their product coincides with the product of the sets of borel subsets of x and y. that is, the borel functor from the category of second - countable hausdorff spaces to the category of measurable spaces preserves finite products. applications lebesgue – stiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20measure | [
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is frequently used as a measure of the leader's racing advantage. players often use mental calculation techniques to determine pip counts in live play. backgammon is played in two principal variations, " money " and " match " play. money play means that every point counts evenly and every game stands alone, whether mon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon | [
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, which instantly became the largest in the world with around 500 players in all flights and 153 in the championship, and cannes, which hosted the riviera cup, the traditional follow - up tournament to the world championships. cannes also hosted the wsob championship, the wsob finale, which saw 16 players play three - ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon | [
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and 1 - 1 is a hybrid turkish - persian where hep is turkish for " altogether ". in the early 20th century, as use of classical arabic was being promoted with the rise of arab nationalism, efforts were made to replace the persian - turkish numbers used in backgammon play. studies and analysis backgammon has been studie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon | [
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##sauro proposed using rollout analysis to compare the performance of computer algorithms against human players. in this method, a monte - carlo evaluation of positions is conducted ( typically thousands of trials ) where different random dice sequences are simulated. the rollout score of the human ( or the computer ) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backgammon | [
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( 2012 – 2016 ) duquette wasted no time in overhauling the orioles roster, especially the mlb - worst pitching staff. he traded fan favorite jeremy guthrie to the colorado rockies in exchange for jason hammel. he brought in new free agent starting pitcher wei - yin chen from the nippon professional baseball league, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore%20Orioles | [
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levels during broadcasts. in 1985, radio 1 moved across the road from broadcasting house to egton house. the station moved to yalding house in 1996, and egton house was demolished in 2003 to make way for an extension to broadcasting house. this extension would eventually be renamed the egton wing, and then the peel win... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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##sallowed the simulcasting of services on both am and fm, affecting both bbc and independent local radio. radio 1's medium wave frequencies were reallocated to independent national radio. radio 1's last broadcast on mw was on 1 july 1994, with stephen duffy's " kiss me " being the last record played on mw just before ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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on 12 november 2008, radio 1 made its debut on xm satellite radio in both the us and canada on channel 29, moving to xm 15 and sirius 15 on 4 may 2011. until the full station was removed in august 2011, radio 1 was able to be heard by approximately 20. 6 million listeners in north america on satellite radio alone. bbc ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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##rae. previously it was hosted by vic galloway ( who also presents for bbc radio scotland ) ; who had presented the show solo since 2004, after his original co - host gill mills departed. wales's show was hosted by jen long between january 2011 until may 2012. previously bethan elfyn occupied the slot, who had at one ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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digital tv services of radio 1 are broadcast ( a single - frequency network on dab and a single broadcast feed of radio 1 on tv platforms ), the digital version of the station was not regionalised. the bbc trust announced in may 2012 that the regional music programmes on radio 1 would be replaced with a single programm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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a failure after only a third of callers favoured it. news and current affairs radio 1 has a public service broadcasting obligation to provide news, which it fulfills through newsbeat bulletins throughout the day. shared with 1xtra and asian network, short news summaries are provided roughly hourly on the half - hour be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Radio%201 | [
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bbc red button is a brand used for digital interactive television services provided by the bbc, and broadcast in the united kingdom. the services replaced ceefax, the bbc's analogue teletext service. bbc red button's text services were due to close on 30 january 2020, but the switch off was suspended on 29 january 2020... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC%20Red%20Button | [
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in the us were described by the annual report of the federal select agent program. though a verification system can reduce bioterrorism, an employee, or a lone terrorist having adequate knowledge of a bio - technology company's facilities, can cause potential danger by utilizing, without proper oversight and supervisio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20warfare | [
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detection tools ; would enable the weaponization of a biological agent or toxin. most of the biosecurity concerns in synthetic biology are focused on the role of dna synthesis and the risk of producing genetic material of lethal viruses ( e. g. 1918 spanish flu, polio ) in the lab. recently, the crispr / cas system has... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20warfare | [
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off antigua, 1948 – 1950. operation cauldron off stornoway, 1952. operation hesperus off stornoway, 1953. operation ozone off nassau, 1954. operation negation off nassau, 1954 – 5. soviet union and russia biopreparat ( 18 labs and production centers ) stepnogorsk scientific and technical institute for microbiology, ste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20warfare | [
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in mathematics, a bilinear map is a function combining elements of two vector spaces to yield an element of a third vector space, and is linear in each of its arguments. matrix multiplication is an example. definition vector spaces let and be three vector spaces over the same base field. a bilinear map is a function su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20map | [
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as b being additive in each argument. properties an immediate consequence of the definition is that whenever or. this may be seen by writing the zero vector 0v as ( and similarly for 0w ) and moving the scalar 0 " outside ", in front of b, by linearity. the set of all bilinear maps is a linear subspace of the space ( v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20map | [
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all the map given by is continuous. many separately continuous bilinear that are not continuous satisfy an additional property : hypocontinuity. all continuous bilinear maps are hypocontinuous. sufficient conditions for continuity many bilinear maps that occur in practice are separately continuous but not all are conti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20map | [
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in programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations. buffers are areas of memory set aside to hold data, often while moving it from one section of a program to ano... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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) ) ; when available, the strlcpy library function is preferred over strncpy which does not null - terminate the destination buffer if the source string's length is greater than or equal to the size of the buffer ( the third argument passed to the function ). therefore a may not be null - terminated and cannot be treat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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of their shellcode relative to that pointer. the attacker will then use the overwrite to jump to an instruction already in memory which will make a second jump, this time relative to the pointer. that second jump will branch execution into the shellcode. suitable instructions are often present in large code. the metasp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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an example of such an unintentional instance of the i386 jmp esp instruction. the opcode for this instruction is ff e4. this two - byte sequence can be found at a one - byte offset from the start of the instruction call dbgprint at address 0x7c941eed. if an attacker overwrites the program return address with this addre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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c, and c + + are popular programming languages that are vulnerable to buffer overflow in part because they allow direct access to memory and are not strongly typed. c provides no built - in protection against accessing or overwriting data in any part of memory. more specifically, it does not check that data written to ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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and awkward cases can significantly decrease performance. software engineers should carefully consider the tradeoffs of safety versus performance costs when deciding which language and compiler setting to use. use of safe libraries the problem of buffer overflows is common in the c and c + + languages because they expo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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buffer overflow protection is used to detect the most common buffer overflows by checking that the stack has not been altered when a function returns. if it has been altered, the program exits with a segmentation fault. three such systems are libsafe, and the stackguard and propolice gcc patches. microsoft's implementa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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today, the monitor would be referred to as the kernel. the earliest documented hostile exploitation of a buffer overflow was in 1988. it was one of several exploits used by the morris worm to propagate itself over the internet. the program exploited was a service on unix called finger. later, in 1995, thomas lopatic in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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profit " by aleph one cert secure coding standards cert secure coding initiative secure coding in c and c + + sans : inside the buffer overflow attack " advances in adjacent memory overflows " by nomenumbra a comparison of buffer overflow prevention implementations and weaknesses more security whitepapers about buffer ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffer%20overflow | [
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jeff borris said : " i'm anticipating widespread interest from every major league team. " there was much speculation before the 2008 season about where bonds might play. however, no one signed him during the 2008 or 2009 seasons. if he had returned to major league baseball, bonds would have been within close range of s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Bonds | [
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with federal prosecutors that did not require them to reveal names of athletes who might have used banned drugs. perjury case on november 15, 2007, a federal grand jury indicted bonds on four counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice as it relates to the government investigation of balco. he was tried i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Bonds | [
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of laish. saul decides to return to pursuing david, and the ziphites alert him as to david's whereabouts. saul returns to the desert of ziph and sets up camp. one night, david and two companions, achimelech the hittite and abishai son of zeruiah ( his nephew ), go to saul's camp and find him asleep on the ground. abish... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books%20of%20Samuel | [
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, and this time david himself wins a decisive victory at helam. the arameans realise they cannot win, make peace with israel and refuse to help the ammonites again. the following spring, joab destroys the ammonites. however, while joab is off at war, david remains in jerusalem. one morning, he is standing on the roof o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Books%20of%20Samuel | [
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the railway system in great britain is the oldest railway system in history. the first locomotive - hauled public railway opened in 1825, which was followed by an era of rapid expansion. most of the track is managed by network rail, which in 2017 had a network of of standard - gauge lines, of which were electrified. th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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##st networks. it is one of the busiest railways in europe, with 20 % more train services than france, 60 % more than italy, and more than spain, switzerland, the netherlands, portugal and norway combined, as well as representing more than 20 % of all passenger journeys in europe. the rail industry employs 115, 000 peo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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.... [ t ] oday's global corporations originated with the great limited liability railway companies.... by the third quarter of the nineteenth century, there was scarcely any person living in britain whose life had not been altered in some way by the coming of the railways. railways contributed to the transformation of... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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, the companies'managements joined together, effectively forming one company. a maintenance backlog developed during the war and the private sector only had two years to deal with this after the war ended. after 1945, for both practical and ideological reasons, the government decided to bring the rail service into the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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economic growth and falling during recessions. the 1980s saw severe cuts in government funding and above - inflation increases in fares, in the early 1990s, the five geographical regions were replaced by a sectored organisation, in which passenger services were organised into intercity, network southeast and regional r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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whilst passenger operations were franchised to individual private sector operators ( originally there were 25 franchises ) and the goods services sold outright ( six companies were set up, but five of these were sold to the same buyer ). the government said privatisation would see an improvement in passenger services a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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with network rail, a state - owned, " not - for - profit " company, with risks underwritten by the taxpayer. according to the european railway agency, in 2013 britain had the safest railways in europe based on the number of train safety incidents. at the end of september 2003, the first part of high speed 1, a high - s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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, before rising again as travel restrictions eased. during 2020, all train operating companies entered into emergency measures agreements with the uk and scottish governments. normal franchise mechanisms were amended, transferring almost all revenue and cost risk to the government, effectively'renationalising'the netwo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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in price has also been blamed on the fact britain has the most restrictive loading gauge ( maximum width and height of trains that can fit through tunnels, bridges etc. ) in the world which means any trains must be significantly narrower and less tall than those used elsewhere. this means british trains cannot be bough... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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, leeds, manchester, glasgow, bristol and reading are major interchanges for many cross - country journeys that do not involve london. however, some important railway junction stations lie in smaller cities and towns, for example york, crewe and ely. some other places expanded into towns and cities because of the railw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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to 125 mph, with higher speeds deemed to require cab signalling, which as of 2010 was not in place on the normal british railway network ( but was used on the channel tunnel rail link ). a final attempt by the nationalised british rail at high speed rail was the cancelled intercity 250 project in the 1990s for the west... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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the preferred rolling stock option for this project was the hitachi super express family of multiple units, and they entered service in 2017 on the great western main line and 2019 on the east coast main line. the trains will be capable of a maximum speed of 140 mph with " minor modifications ", with the necessary sign... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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of august 2023 the following rolling stock on the uk network is capable of 125 mph or more : in 2011 the fastest timetabled start - to - stop run by a uk domestic train service was the hull trains 07. 30 king's cross to hull, which covered the 125. 4 km ( 78 miles ) from stevenage to grantham in 42 minutes at an averag... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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, cardiff, edinburgh, glasgow, leeds, liverpool, london and manchester. goods services there are four main goods operating companies in the uk, the largest of which is db cargo uk ( formerly db schenker, formerly english welsh & scottish ( ews ) ). there are also several smaller independent operators including mendip r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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rolling stock spot hire company, providing leasing and hire, acquisition, parts supply and overhaul and technical advice. statutory framework railways in great britain are in the private sector, but they are subject to control by central government, and to economic and safety regulation by arms of government. in 2006, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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, and the first elevated railway. london and birmingham railway ( 1837 ) – first intercity line to be built into london. midland counties railway ( 1839 ) birmingham and derby junction railway ( bdjr ) ( 1839 ) north midland railway ( 1840 ) taff vale railway ( 1840 ) heritage and private many lines closed by british r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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there was a commercial business case for passenger network expansion. the published proposals involved the re - opening or new construction of 40 stations, serving communities with populations of over 15, 000, including 14 schemes involving the re - opening or reconstruction of rail lines for passenger services. these ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Great%20Britain | [
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british railways ( br ), which from 1965 traded as british rail, was a state - owned company that operated most of the overground rail transport in great britain from 1948 to 1997. it was formed from the nationalisation of the big four british railway companies, and was privatised in stages between 1994 and 1997. origi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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under the transport act 1947. this act made provision for the nationalisation of the network as part of a policy of nationalising public services by clement attlee's labour government. british railways came into existence as the business name of the railway executive of the british transport commission ( btc ) on 1 jan... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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, one of its members, dr richard beeching, was offered the post of chairing the btc while it lasted and then became the first chairman of the british railways board. a major traffic census in april 1961, which lasted one week, was used in the compilation of a report on the future of the network. this report — the resha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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time was 3d per mile second class, and 4½d per mile first class ( equivalent to £ and £ respectively, in ). in 1966, a " whites only " recruitment policy for guards at euston station agreed between the local union branch and station management was dropped after the case of asquith xavier, a migrant from dominica, who h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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on the dedicated sectors. transport act 1968 following the election of labour in 1964, on a platform of revising many of the cuts, tom fraser instead authorised the closure 1, 071 mi of railway lines, following the recommendations from the beeching report even lines not considered closing. after he resigned in 1967, hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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in the 1980s. certain br operations such as inter - city, network southeast, regional railways or rail express systems began to adopt their own identities, introducing logos and colour schemes which were essentially variants of the british rail brand. eventually, as sectorisation developed into a prelude to privatisati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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). alphaline ( enhanced regional express passenger services ) ( added in 1994 ) scotrail ( regional and sub - intercity services in scotland ). transpennine express ( sub - intercity services in the north ). in addition, the non - passenger sectors were : trainload freight took trainload freight. railfreight distributi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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a year later when the btc was abolished the name of the force was amended to the british transport police. this name and its role within policing on the rail network was continued post - 1994. finances despite its nationalisation in 1947 " as one of the'commanding heights'of the economy ", according to some sources bri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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and the spur to north berwick ) 1991 carstairs – edinburgh waverley 1991 cambridge – king's lynn 1992 hooton – ellesmere port and chester 1993 – 94 london paddington – heathrow airport 1993 – 98 leeds and bradford forster square – skipton and ilkley 1994 in the southwest, the south west main line from bournemouth to we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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2006 as there was no option to upgrade them to accept chip and pin credit card payments. the last aptis - ant ticket to be issued in the uk using one of the machines was at upminster station on 21 march 2007. before the rail network was privatised, british rail introduced several discount cards through the aptis that w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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the final service it operated was a railfreight distribution freight train from dollands moor to wembley on 20 november 1997. the british railways board continued in existence as a corporation until early 2001, when it was replaced by the strategic rail authority as part of the implementation of the transport act 2000.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail | [
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100 million people ) could end up killing more than 360 million people worldwide, even considering widespread availability of vaccines and other healthcare tools. the report cited increased globalization, rapid international air travel, and urbanization as increased reasons for concern. in a march 9, 2017, interview wi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioterrorism | [
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brownian motion is the random motion of particles suspended in a medium ( a liquid or a gas ). this motion pattern typically consists of random fluctuations in a particle's position inside a fluid sub - domain, followed by a relocation to another sub - domain. each relocation is followed by more fluctuations within the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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cannot be solved by a model accounting for every involved molecule. consequently, only probabilistic models applied to molecular populations can be employed to describe it. two such models of the statistical mechanics, due to einstein and smoluchowski, are presented below. another, pure probabilistic class of models is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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stochastic analysis of the stock and option markets. the brownian motion model of the stock market is often cited, but benoit mandelbrot rejected its applicability to stock price movements in part because these are discontinuous. albert einstein ( in one of his 1905 papers ) and marian smoluchowski ( 1906 ) brought the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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with the coordinates chosen so that the origin lies at the initial position of the particle ) as a random variable ( ) with some probability density function ( i. e., is the probability density for a jump of magnitude, i. e., the probability density of the particle incrementing its position from to in the time interval... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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. he writes for the diffusion coefficient k, where is the osmotic pressure and k is the ratio of the frictional force to the molecular viscosity which he assumes is given by stokes's formula for the viscosity. introducing the ideal gas law per unit volume for the osmotic pressure, the formula becomes identical to that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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in a fluid, many of the assumptions don't apply. for example, the assumption that on average occurs an equal number of collisions from the right as from the left falls apart once the particle is in motion. also, there would be a distribution of different possible δvs instead of always just one in a realistic situation.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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for a brownian particle. astrophysics : star motion within galaxies in stellar dynamics, a massive body ( star, black hole, etc. ) can experience brownian motion as it responds to gravitational forces from surrounding stars. the rms velocity v of the massive object, of mass m, is related to the rms velocity of the back... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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##ochastic processes with stationary independent increments. this is known as donsker's theorem. like the random walk, the wiener process is recurrent in one or two dimensions ( meaning that it returns almost surely to any fixed neighborhood of the origin infinitely often ) whereas it is not recurrent in dimensions thr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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to p is the same as the law of an n - dimensional brownian motion, i. e., the push - forward measure x∗ ( p ) is classical wiener measure on c0 ( [ 0, + ∞ ) ; rn ). both x is a martingale with respect to p ( and its own natural filtration ) ; and for all 1 ≤ i, j ≤ n, xi ( t ) xj ( t ) −δijt is a martingale with respec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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i ≤ m, is given by ½δlb, where δlb is the laplace – beltrami operator given in local coordinates by where [ gij ] = [ gij ] −1 in the sense of the inverse of a square matrix. narrow escape the narrow escape problem is a ubiquitous problem in biology, biophysics and cellular biology which has the following formulation :... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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things, translated by william ellery leonard. ( on - line version, from project gutenberg. see the heading'atomic motions'; this translation differs slightly from the one quoted ). nelson, edward, ( 1967 ). dynamical theories of brownian motion. ( pdf version of this out - of - print book, from the author's webpage. ) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownian%20motion | [
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is destabilizing the city. slogans included " tourists go home ", " barcelona is not for sale " and " we will not be driven out ". by then, the number of visitors had increased from 1. 7 million in 1990 to 32 million in a city with a population of 1. 62 million, increasing the cost of rental housing for residents and o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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long been an important european automobile manufacturing centre. formerly there were automobile factories of afa, abadal, actividades industriales, alvarez, america, artes de arcos, balandras, baradat - esteve, biscuter, j. castro, clua, david, delfin, diaz y grillo, ebro trucks,, elizalde, automoviles espana, eucort, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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business school. the autonomous university of barcelona, another public university, is located in bellaterra, a town in the metropolitan area. toulouse business school and the open university of catalonia ( a private internet - centred open university ) are also based in barcelona. the city has a network of public scho... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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upward trend. it is a main hub for vueling airlines and ryanair, and also a focus for iberia and air europa. the airport mainly serves domestic and european destinations, although some airlines offer destinations in latin america, asia and the united states. the airport is connected to the city by highway, metro ( airp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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4 million litres of sea water. the maremagnum, being situated within the confines of the port, is the only commercial mall in the city that can open on sundays and public holidays. national and international rail barcelona is a major hub for the spanish rail network. the city's main inter - city rail station is barcelo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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natural sciences " ). in 2011 the museum of natural sciences ended up with a merge of five institutions : the museum of natural sciences of barcelona ( the main site, at the forum building ), the martorell museum ( the historical seat of the museum, opened to the public from 1924 to 2010 as a geology museum ), the labo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcelona | [
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is a japanese mecha - anime television series created by designer keiichi sato and director kazuyoshi katayama for sunrise. the writing staff was assembled by the series'head writer, chiaki j. konaka, who is known for his work on serial experiments lain and hellsing. the story takes place forty years after a mysterious... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20O | [
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vera ronstadt, leader of a group of foreigners known as the union searching for memories and revenge against paradigm city ; and alan gabriel, a cyborg assassin working for alex rosewater and the union. the series ends with the awakening of a new megadeus, and the revelation that the world is a simulated reality. a cli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20O | [
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there on, the dealings would be with bandai visual, but sunrise still needed some safeguards and requested more robots be designed to increase prospective toy sales. in 1999, with the designs complete, chiaki j. konaka was brought on as head writer. among other things, konaka came up with the idea of " a town without m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20O | [
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the big o still manages to stand out as something original amongst the other numerous cookie - cutter anime shows. " one reviewer cites the extensive homages as one of the series problems and calls to unoriginality on the creators'part. the first season's reception was positive. anime on dvd recommends it as an essenti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20O | [
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oblique endings of any series. " patrizio states " the creators watched the truman show and the matrix a few times too many. " the series continues to have a strong cult following into the 2010s. in 2014 buzzfeed writer ryan broderick ranked the big o as one of the best anime series to binge - watch. dan casey host of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Big%20O | [
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in computing, bios (, ; basic input / output system, also known as the system bios, rom bios, bios rom or pc bios ) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process ( power - on startup ). the bios firmware comes pre - inst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS | [
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infected with bios rootkits. furthermore, a bios upgrade that fails could brick the motherboard. the last version of microsoft windows to officially support running on pcs which use legacy bios firmware is windows 10 as windows 11 requires a uefi - compliant system. unified extensible firmware interface ( uefi ) is a s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS | [
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