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given. substituting the given values in the equation above yields noting that, figure 10. 16 a large grindstone is given a spin by a person grasping its outer edge. 10. 61 10. 62 10. 63 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 4 β’ rotational kinetic energy : work and energy revisited 409 solution for ( b ) to find from the given information requires more than one step. we start with the kinematic relationship in the equation note that because we start from rest. taking the square root of the resulting equation gives now we need to find. ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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so that the helicopter is spun up in the descent. of course, if the helicopter β s altitude is too low, then there is insufficient time for the blade to regain lift before reaching the ground. 10. 64 10. 65 10. 66 10. 67 10. 68 10. 69 10. 70 10. 71 10. 72 410 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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20. 0 m / s, and compare it with the rotational energy in the blades. ( c ) to what height could the helicopter be raised if all of the rotational kinetic energy could be used to lift it? strategy rotational and translational kinetic energies can be calculated from their definitions. the last part of the problem relate... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 4 β’ rotational kinetic energy : work and energy revisited 411 to compare kinetic energies, we take the ratio of translational kinetic energy to rotational kinetic energy. this ratio is solution for ( c ) at the maximum height, all rotational kinetic energy will have been converted to gravitational energy. to find t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 81 412 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org how thick is the soup? or why don β t all objects roll downhill at the same rate? one of the quality controls in a tomato soup factory consists of rolling filled cans down a ramp. if they roll too fast, the soup is too thin. why sho... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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. assuming no losses due to friction, there is only one force doing work β gravity. therefore the total work done is the change in kinetic energy. as the cans start moving, the potential energy is changing into kinetic energy. conservation of energy gives more specifically, or so, the initial is divided between transla... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 4 β’ rotational kinetic energy : work and energy revisited 413 example 10. 10 calculating the speed of a cylinder rolling down an incline calculate the final speed of a solid cylinder that rolls down a 2. 00 - m - high incline. the cylinder starts from rest, has a mass of 0. 750 kg, and has a radius of 4. 00 cm. str... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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to some reference frame. the only difference between rotational and translational kinetic energy is that translational is straight line motion while rotational is not. an 10. 85 10. 86 10. 87 10. 88 10. 89 414 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org example of both kinetic and trans... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 angular momentum and its conservation learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ understand the analogy between angular momentum and linear momentum. β’ observe the relationship between torque and angular momentum. β’ apply the law of conservation of angular momentum. why does earth kee... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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when the net external torque is zero. angular momentum, like linear momentum, is also a property of the atoms and subatomic particles. 10. 91 10. 92 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 β’ angular momentum and its conservation 415 substituting rad for rev and for 1 day gives discussion this number is large, demonstrating that earth, as expected, has a tremendous angular momentum. the answer is approximate, because we have assumed a constant density for earth in order to estimate its moment of ine... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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,. to find the final velocity, we must calculate from the definition of in. solution for ( a ) solving for gives 10. 93 10. 94 10. 95 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 96 416 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org because the force is perpendicular to, we see that, so that solution for ( b ) the final angular velocity can be calculated from the definition of angular momentum, solving for and substituting the formula for the moment of inertia ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 β’ angular momentum and its conservation 417 because the force and the perpendicular lever arm are given and the leg is vertical so that its weight does not create a torque, the net torque is thus substituting this value for the torque and the given value for the moment of inertia into the expression for gives sol... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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to spin, although ever more slowly, for many billions of years. 10. 101 10. 102 10. 103 10. 104 10. 105 10. 106 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 107 making connections : conservation laws angular momentum, like energy and linear momentum, is conserved. this universally applicable law is another sign of underlying unity in physical laws. angular momentum is conserved when net external torque is zero, just as linear momentum is conserved when the net external... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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her skate with her arms extended. her angular momentum is conserved because the net torque on her is negligibly small. in the next image, her rate of spin increases greatly when she pulls in her arms, decreasing her moment of inertia. the work she does to pull in her arms results in an increase in rotational kinetic en... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 β’ angular momentum and its conservation 419 strategy in the first part of the problem, we are looking for the skater β s angular velocity after she has pulled in her arms. to find this quantity, we use the conservation of angular momentum and note that the moments of inertia and initial angular velocity are given... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 121 420 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org figure 10. 22 the solar system coalesced from a cloud of gas and dust that was originally rotating. the orbital motions and spins of the planets are in the same direction as the original spin and conserve the angular momentum of th... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 6 collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ observe collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions. β’ examine collision at the point of percussion. bowling pins are sent flying and spinning when hit by a bowling ball β angular momentum a... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 6 β’ collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions 421 figure 10. 23 the bowling ball causes the pins to fly, some of them spinning violently. ( credit : tinou bao, flickr ) figure 10. 24 ( a ) a disk slides toward a motionless stick on a frictionless surface. ( b ) the disk hits the stick at one end and adheres t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 124 422 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org it is that we wish to find. conservation of angular momentum gives rearranging the equation yields where is the moment of inertia of the stick and disk stuck together, which is the sum of their individual moments of inertia about t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 6 β’ collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions 423 gathering similar terms in the equation yields, so that substituting known values into the equation, discussion first note that the kinetic energy is less after the collision, as predicted, because the collision is inelastic. more surprising is that the moment... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 137 424 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org figure 10. 25 a disk hitting a stick is compared to a tennis ball being hit by a racquet. ( a ) when the ball strikes the racquet near the end, a backward force is exerted on the hand. ( b ) when the racquet is struck much farther ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 7 gyroscopic effects : vector aspects of angular momentum learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ describe the right - hand rule to find the direction of angular velocity, momentum, and torque. β’ explain the gyroscopic effect. β’ study how earth acts like a gigantic gyroscope. angular... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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its angular momentum is to the woman's left. suppose the person holding the wheel tries to rotate it as in the figure. her natural expectation is that the wheel will rotate in the direction she pushes it β but what happens is quite different. the forces exerted create a torque that is horizontal toward the person, as s... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 138 426 10 β’ rotational motion and angular momentum access for free at openstax. org figure 10. 27 in figure ( a ), the torque is perpendicular to the plane formed by and and is the direction your right thumb would point to if you curled your fingers in the direction of. figure ( b ) shows that the direction of the... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 7 β’ gyroscopic effects : vector aspects of angular momentum 427 figure 10. 29 as seen in figure ( a ), the forces on a spinning gyroscope are its weight and the supporting force from the stand. these forces create a horizontal torque on the gyroscope, which create a change in angular momentum that is also horizonta... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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direction of the disk β s rotation rotational inertia resistance to change of rotation. the more rotational inertia an object has, the harder it is to rotate rotational kinetic energy the kinetic energy due to the rotation of an object. this is part of its total kinetic energy tangential acceleration the acceleration i... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 3 dynamics of rotational motion : rotational inertia β’ the farther the force is applied from the pivot, the greater is the angular acceleration ; angular acceleration is inversely proportional to mass. β’ if we exert a force on a point mass that is at a distance from a pivot point and because the force is perpendicu... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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, is conserved. this universally applicable law is another sign of underlying unity in physical laws. angular momentum is conserved when net external torque is zero, just as linear momentum is conserved when the net external force is zero. 10. 6 collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions β’ angular momentum is anal... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 7 gyroscopic effects : vector aspects of angular momentum β’ torque is perpendicular to the plane formed by and and is the direction your right thumb would point if you curled the fingers of your right hand in the direction of. the direction of the torque is thus the same as that of the angular momentum it produces.... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 1 angular acceleration 1. analogies exist between rotational and translational physical quantities. identify the rotational term analogous to each of the following : acceleration, force, mass, work, translational kinetic energy, linear momentum, impulse. 2. explain why centripetal acceleration changes the direction... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 3 dynamics of rotational motion : rotational inertia 5. the moment of inertia of a long rod spun around an axis through one end perpendicular to its length is. why is this moment of inertia greater than it would be if you spun a point mass at the location of the center of mass of the rod ( at )? ( that would be. ) ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 4 rotational kinetic energy : work and energy revisited 10. describe the energy transformations involved when a yo - yo is thrown downward and then climbs back up its string to be caught in the user β s hand. 11. what energy transformations are involved when a dragster engine is revved, its clutch let out rapidly, ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 angular momentum and its conservation 13. when you start the engine of your car with the transmission in neutral, you notice that the car rocks in the opposite sense of the engine β s rotation. explain in terms of conservation of angular momentum. is the angular momentum of the car conserved for long ( for more t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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? 19. when there is a global heating trend on earth, the atmosphere expands and the length of the day increases very slightly. explain why the length of a day increases. 20. nearly all conventional piston engines have flywheels on them to smooth out engine vibrations caused by the thrust of individual piston firings. w... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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. ( credit : elsie esq., flickr ) 10. 6 collisions of extended bodies in two dimensions 26. describe two different collisions β one in which angular momentum is conserved, and the other in which it is not. which condition determines whether or not angular momentum is conserved in a collision? 27. suppose an ice hockey ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 1 angular acceleration 1. at its peak, a tornado is 60. 0 m in diameter and carries 500 km / h winds. what is its angular velocity in revolutions per second? 2. integrated concepts an ultracentrifuge accelerates from rest to 100, 000 rpm in 2. 00 min. ( a ) what is its angular acceleration in? ( b ) what is the tan... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 2 kinematics of rotational motion 5. with the aid of a string, a gyroscope is accelerated from rest to 32 rad / s in 0. 40 s. ( a ) what is its angular acceleration in rad / s2? ( b ) how many revolutions does it go through in the process? 6. suppose a piece of dust finds itself on a cd. if the spin rate of the cd ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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away from it at a rate of, what is the angular acceleration of the yo - yo? ( b ) what is the angular velocity after 0. 750 s if it starts from rest? ( c ) the outside radius of the yo - yo is 3. 50 cm. what is the tangential acceleration of a point on its edge? | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 3 dynamics of rotational motion : rotational inertia 10. this problem considers additional aspects of example calculating the effect of mass distribution on a merry - go - round. ( a ) how long does it take the father to give the merry - go - round an angular velocity of 1. 50 rad / s? ( b ) how many revolutions mu... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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a ) what torque is exerted? ( b ) what is the angular acceleration assuming negligible opposing friction? ( c ) what is the angular acceleration if there is an opposing frictional force of 20. 0 n exerted 1. 50 cm from the axis? 434 10 β’ problems & exercises access for free at openstax. org 15. consider the 12. 0 kg mo... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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rear wheels of a car, given the following information. the car is suspended so that the wheels can turn freely. each wheel acts like a 15. 0 kg disk that has a 0. 180 m radius. the walls of each tire act like a 2. 00 - kg annular ring that has inside radius of 0. 180 m and outside radius of 0. 320 m. the tread of each ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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( b ) what is unreasonable about the result? ( c ) which premise is unreasonable or which premises are inconsistent? | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 4 rotational kinetic energy : work and energy revisited 21. this problem considers energy and work aspects of example 10. 7 β use data from that example as needed. ( a ) calculate the rotational kinetic energy in the merry - go - round plus child when they have an angular velocity of 20. 0 rpm. ( b ) using energy c... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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0. 280 m, and r2 = 0. 330 m. 10 β’ problems & exercises 435 25. a baseball pitcher throws the ball in a motion where there is rotation of the forearm about the elbow joint as well as other movements. if the linear velocity of the ball relative to the elbow joint is 20. 0 m / s at a distance of 0. 480 m from the joint an... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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slides up the hill without rolling. 29. while exercising in a fitness center, a man lies face down on a bench and lifts a weight with one lower leg by contacting the muscles in the back of the upper leg. ( a ) find the angular acceleration produced given the mass lifted is 10. 0 kg at a distance of 28. 0 cm from the kn... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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2. 00 - m - high incline starting from rest, and has a final velocity of 6. 00 m / s? express the moment of inertia as a multiple of, where is the mass of the object and is its radius. 33. suppose a 200 - kg motorcycle has two wheels like, the one described in problem 10. 15 and is heading toward a hill at a speed of 3... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 5 angular momentum and its conservation 36. ( a ) calculate the angular momentum of the earth in its orbit around the sun. ( b ) compare this angular momentum with the angular momentum of earth on its axis. 37. ( a ) what is the angular momentum of the moon in its orbit around earth? ( b ) how does this angular mom... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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) he reduces his rate of spin ( his angular velocity ) by extending his arms and increasing his moment of inertia. find the value of his moment of inertia if his angular velocity decreases to 1. 25 rev / s. ( c ) suppose instead he keeps his arms in and allows friction of the ice to slow him to 3. 00 rev / s. what aver... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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1. 50 cm. 45. twin skaters approach one another as shown in figure 10. 37 and lock hands. ( a ) calculate their final angular velocity, given each had an initial speed of 2. 50 m / s relative to the ice. each has a mass of 70. 0 kg, and each has a center of mass located 0. 800 m from their locked hands. you may approxi... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 7 gyroscopic effects : vector aspects of angular momentum 48. integrated concepts the axis of earth makes a 23. 5Β° angle with a direction perpendicular to the plane of earth β s orbit. as shown in figure 10. 39, this axis precesses, making one complete rotation in 25, 780 y. ( a ) calculate the change in angular mo... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 9 pressures in the body much of what we value in life is fluid : a breath of fresh winter air ; the hot blue flame in our gas cooker ; the water we drink, swim in, and bathe in ; the blood in our veins. what exactly is a fluid? can we understand fluids with the laws already presented, or will new laws emerge from t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 1 what is a fluid? learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ state the common phases of matter. β’ explain the physical characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases. β’ describe the arrangement of atoms in solids, liquids, and gases. matter most commonly exists as a solid, liquid, gas, ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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together and also hold them in close contact. water is an example of a liquid. water can flow, but it also remains in an open container because of the forces between its atoms. ( c ) atoms in a gas are separated by distances that are considerably larger than the size of the atoms themselves, and they move about freely.... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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forces between the particles are therefore very weak, except when they collide with one another. gases and plasmas thus not only flow ( and are therefore considered to be fluids ) but they are relatively easy to compress because there is much space and little force between the particles. when placed in an open containe... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 2 density learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define density. β’ calculate the mass of a reservoir from its density. β’ compare and contrast the densities of various substances. which weighs more, a ton of feathers or a ton of bricks? this old riddle plays with the distinction betw... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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##5 carbon monoxide gold 19. 32 mercury 13. 6 hydrogen iron or steel 7. 8 ethyl alcohol 0. 79 helium lead 11. 3 gasoline 0. 68 methane polystyrene 0. 10 glycerin 1. 26 nitrogen tungsten 19. 30 olive oil 0. 92 nitrous oxide uranium 18. 70 oxygen concrete 2. 30 β 3. 0 steam cork 0. 24 glass, common ( average ) 2. 6 grani... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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10. 49 table 11. 1 densities of various substances 442 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org figure 11. 3 a ton of feathers and a ton of bricks have the same mass, but the feathers make a much bigger pile because they have a much lower density. as you can see by examining table 11. 1, the density of an ob... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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think has the greater density? what values did you find? what method did you use to determine these values? 11. 3 11. 4 11. 5 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 2 β’ density 443 discussion a large reservoir contains a very large mass of water. in this example, the weight of the water in the reservoir is, where is the acceleration due to the earth β s gravity ( about ). it is reasonable to ask whether the dam must supply a force equal to this tremendous weight. the answer is... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 3 pressure learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define pressure. β’ explain the relationship between pressure and force. β’ calculate force given pressure and area. you have no doubt heard the word pressure being used in relation to blood ( high or low blood pressure ) and in relati... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 9 444 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org mercury ( mm hg ) is still often used in the measurement of blood pressure. pressure is defined for all states of matter but is particularly important when discussing fluids. figure 11. 5 ( a ) while the person being poked with the finger might be irritated,... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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. ) finally, note that pressure is exerted on all surfaces. swimmers, as well as the tire, feel pressure on all sides. ( see figure 11. 7. ) 11. 10 11. 11 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 3 β’ pressure 445 figure 11. 6 pressure inside this tire exerts forces perpendicular to all surfaces it contacts. the arrows give representative directions and magnitudes of the forces exerted at various points. note that static fluids do not exert shearing forces. figure 11. 7 pressure is exerted on all sides of th... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 4 variation of pressure with depth in a fluid learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define pressure in terms of weight. β’ explain the variation of pressure with depth in a fluid. β’ calculate density given pressure and altitude. if your ears have ever popped on a plane flight or ach... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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the weight of a fluid. the equation has general validity beyond the special conditions under which it is derived here. even if the container were not there, the surrounding fluid would still exert this pressure, keeping the fluid static. thus the equation represents the pressure due to the weight of any fluid of averag... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 4 β’ variation of pressure with depth in a fluid 447 strategy for ( a ) the average pressure due to the weight of the water is the pressure at the average depth of 40. 0 m, since pressure increases linearly with depth. solution for ( a ) the average pressure due to the weight of a fluid is entering the density of wa... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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to be 11. 18 11. 19 11. 20 11. 21 | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 22 448 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org this relationship means that, on average, at sea level, a column of air above of the earth β s surface has a weight of, equivalent to. ( see figure 11. 10. ) figure 11. 10 atmospheric pressure at sea level averages ( equivalent to 1 atm ), since the column ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 4 β’ variation of pressure with depth in a fluid 449 strategy we begin by solving the equation for depth : then we take to be 1. 00 atm and to be the density of the water that creates the pressure. solution entering the known values into the expression for gives discussion just 10. 3 m of water creates the same pres... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 5 pascal β s principle learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define pressure. β’ state pascal β s principle. β’ understand applications of pascal β s principle. β’ derive relationships between forces in a hydraulic system. pressure is defined as force per unit area. can pressure be in... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 26 pascal β s principle a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the fluid and to the walls of its container. 450 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org blaise pascal had an interesting life in that he was home - schooled by his father who removed... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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. according to pascal β s principle, this pressure is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid and to all walls of the container. thus, a pressure is felt at the other piston that is equal to. that is. but since, we see that. this equation relates the ratios of force to area in any hydraulic system, providing the ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 5 β’ pascal β s principle 451 figure 11. 12 hydraulic brakes use pascal β s principle. the driver exerts a force of 100 n on the brake pedal. this force is increased by the simple lever and again by the hydraulic system. each of the identical wheel cylinders receives the same pressure and, therefore, creates the sam... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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2. 50 cm. calculate the force created at each of the wheel cylinders. strategy we are given the force that is applied to the pedal cylinder. the cross - sectional areas and can be calculated from their given diameters. then can be used to find the force. manipulate this algebraically to get on one side and substitute k... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 6 gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure measurement learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define gauge pressure and absolute pressure. β’ understand the working of aneroid and open - tube barometers. if you limp into a gas station with a nearly flat tire, you will notice t... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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inch ), then the absolute pressure is 34 psi plus 14. 7 psi ( in psi ), or 48. 7 psi ( equivalent to 336 kpa ). for reasons we will explore later, in most cases the absolute pressure in fluids cannot be negative. fluids push rather than pull, so the smallest absolute pressure is zero. ( a negative absolute pressure is ... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 6 β’ gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure measurement 453 gauges, pressure results in a force that is converted ( or transduced ) into some type of readout. figure 11. 13 this aneroid gauge utilizes flexible bellows connected to a mechanical indicator to measure pressure. an entire class of gauges uses th... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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to the atmosphere is an ideal device for measuring gauge pressures. the gauge pressure is and is found by measuring. figure 11. 14 an open - tube manometer has one side open to the atmosphere. ( a ) fluid depth must be the same on both sides, or the pressure each side exerts at the bottom will be unequal and there will... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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the elasticity of the arteries in maintaining the pressure between beats. the density of the mercury fluid in the manometer is 13. 6 times greater than water, so the height of the fluid will be 1 / 13. 6 of that in a water manometer. this reduced height can make measurements difficult, so mercury manometers are used to... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 6 β’ gauge pressure, absolute pressure, and pressure measurement 455 fluid being administered is 1. 00 g / ml, at what height should the iv bag be placed above the entry point so that the fluid just enters the vein if the blood pressure in the vein is 18 mm hg above atmospheric pressure? assume that the iv bag is co... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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pressure due to the mercury β s weight,, equals atmospheric pressure. the atmosphere is able to force mercury in the tube to a height because the pressure above the mercury is zero. 11. 28 11. 29 456 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org conversion to n / m2 ( pa ) conversion from atm table 11. 2 conversi... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 7 archimedes β principle learning objectives by the end of this section, you will be able to : β’ define buoyant force. β’ state archimedes β principle. β’ understand why objects float or sink. β’ understand the relationship between density and archimedes β principle. when you rise from lounging in a warm bath, your ar... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 7 β’ archimedes β principle 457 the object β s weight, the object will sink. if the buoyant force equals the object β s weight, the object will remain suspended at that depth. the buoyant force is always present whether the object floats, sinks, or is suspended in a fluid. figure 11. 18 pressure due to the weight of... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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is as follows : the buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid it displaces. in equation form, archimedes β principle is where is the buoyant force and is the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. archimedes β principle is valid in general, for any object in any fluid, whether partially or totally... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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the steel is completely submerged, this is also the volume of water displaced,. we can now find the mass of water displaced from the relationship between its volume and density, both of which are known. this gives 11. 30 archimedes β principle according to this principle the buoyant force on an object equals the weight... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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11. 7 β’ archimedes β principle 459 by archimedes β principle, the weight of water displaced is, so the buoyant force is the steel β s weight is, which is much greater than the buoyant force, so the steel will remain submerged. note that the buoyant force is rounded to two digits because the density of steel is given to... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
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volume submerged equals the volume of fluid displaced, which we call. now we can obtain the relationship 11. 33 11. 34 11. 35 11. 36 making connections : take - home investigation a piece of household aluminum foil is 0. 016 mm thick. use a piece of foil that measures 10 cm by 15 cm. ( a ) what is the mass of this amou... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.009830372408032417,
0.04364071041345596,
0.0387992225587368,
0.0070398543030023575,
-0.0517791248857975,
-0.009656189009547234,
0.020625391975045204,
0.009930722415447235,
0.005595181602984667,
0.03591874986886978,
0.055182717740535736,
-0.00014887216093484312,
-0.017688937485218048,
0.0... |
11. 37 460 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org between the densities by substituting into the expression. this gives where is the average density of the object and is the density of the fluid. since the object floats, its mass and that of the displaced fluid are equal, and so they cancel from the equati... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.02270549349486828,
0.047604095190763474,
0.03147298842668533,
-0.001399070955812931,
-0.025298476219177246,
-0.013573682866990566,
0.03705746680498123,
0.027868051081895828,
0.030923966318368912,
0.06602371484041214,
0.03784076124429703,
-0.0008502888958901167,
-0.017661133781075478,
-0.... |
is the ratio of the density of an object to a fluid ( usually water ). | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
-0.026372680440545082,
0.035730235278606415,
0.04037807509303093,
-0.005276893265545368,
-0.0327877514064312,
-0.011068754829466343,
0.05285997316241264,
-0.004354503937065601,
0.023424861952662468,
0.06790222227573395,
0.033689677715301514,
-0.016756568104028702,
-0.008925352245569229,
-0... |
11. 7 β’ archimedes β principle 461 example 11. 9 calculating average density : floating woman suppose a 60. 0 - kg woman floats in freshwater with of her volume submerged when her lungs are full of air. what is her average density? strategy we can find the woman β s density by solving the equation for the density of th... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.006191582418978214,
0.021112145856022835,
0.019734375178813934,
-0.03102601319551468,
-0.05410898104310036,
-0.016371970996260643,
0.02179085835814476,
0.03423387557268143,
0.03300619497895241,
0.03728215768933296,
0.05249105021357536,
-0.02086462639272213,
0.01480482891201973,
-0.033895... |
11. 43 462 11 β’ fluid statics access for free at openstax. org examples include lava rising in a volcano and mountain ranges floating on the higher - density crust and mantle beneath them. even seemingly solid earth has fluid characteristics. more density measurements one of the most common techniques for determining d... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.025411374866962433,
0.037092458456754684,
0.046858690679073334,
-0.02073088474571705,
-0.042063090950250626,
0.016026571393013,
0.015662893652915955,
-0.001809614826925099,
0.04695023223757744,
0.0682934820652008,
0.06430711597204208,
-0.025412973016500473,
-0.003913274500519037,
-0.0341... |
, we need its mass ( which is given ) and its volume. the volume of the coin equals the volume of water displaced. the volume of water displaced can be found by solving the equation for density for. solution the volume of water is where is the mass of water displaced. as noted, the mass of the water displaced equals th... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.0120027931407094,
0.03532552346587181,
0.03765792399644852,
-0.04030679911375046,
-0.036545202136039734,
-0.00018678356718737632,
0.032477423548698425,
0.005084702279418707,
0.024090612307190895,
0.06249796971678734,
0.07287630438804626,
-0.014874853193759918,
-0.0026524413842707872,
-0.... |
11. 7 β’ archimedes β principle 463 discussion you can see from table 11. 1 that this density is very close to that of pure silver, appropriate for this type of ancient coin. most modern counterfeits are not pure silver. this brings us back to archimedes β principle and how it came into being. as the story goes, the kin... | openstax_college_physics_2e-web_7zesafu | [
0.04553895816206932,
0.023401008918881416,
0.056697506457567215,
0.004382516257464886,
-0.028702303767204285,
-0.0060210926458239555,
-0.022756367921829224,
0.010853936895728111,
0.01255209930241108,
0.060834743082523346,
0.062439680099487305,
-0.01450921967625618,
-0.002225054893642664,
-... |
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