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Effect of time of inoculation with okra mosaic virus on growth and yield of okra plants
Keywords:Okra, Inoculation, Okra mosaic virus, Growth, Yield
AbstractThe effect of okra mosaic virus (OMV) on growth and yield of okra plants varied with the time of inoculation with OMV during the early rains. Inoculation of plants with OMV 14 and 21 days after emergence (DAE) significantly reduced the average weight of fruits per plant compared with those inoculated 28 DAE and the uninoculated control. Since number of fruits was significantly positively correlated with weight of fruits in all treatments, a similar pattern was also noted for number of fruits per plant. There were no significant differences in heights of plants inoculated 14 and 21 DAE, although these both differed significantly from plants inoculated 28 DAE. The latter was not significantly different from the uninoculated control. The relevance of these findings to the control of OMV in rain-fed okra plantings is discussed.
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‘I believe that children who are questioning and exploring their gender are the gender bosses that we all so desperately need. I believe that they are our future.’
In this life-affirming, heartening and refreshing collection of interviews, young trans people offer valuable insight and advice into what has helped them to flourish and feel happy in their experience of growing up trans.
Speaking openly and candidly about their gender, their experiences of coming out, their aspirations, and their fears – accompanied by interviews and support from their parents and carers – this book is beautiful proof of the potential for trans children to live rich and fulfilling lives when given the support and love they need.
With their trademark candour and empathy, Juno Roche gives voice to a generation of gender explorers who are making gender work for them, and in the process, reveals a kinder, more accepting world, that we should all be fighting for.
Men Teaching Children 3-11 provides a comprehensive exploration of work experiences of men who teach young children. The authors draw on their own research as well as international studies to provide realistic strategies to help to remove barriers in order to develop a more gender-balanced teacher workforce. Burn and Pratt-Adams, former primary school teachers who have both experienced these unfair gender practices, also trace the historical roots of the gender barriers that have now become embedded within the occupational culture.
Throughout Men Teaching Children 3-11, the authors argue that primary school teachers should be judged by their teaching talents, rather than by the application of biased gender stereotypes; and that male and female teachers need to work together to remove these stereotypes from the occupation.You can purchase on Amazon UK or buy an e-Book at Bloomsbury Collections
This stimulating book sets out to critically explore the notion of men, masculinities and teaching in early childhood education. It addresses the global pattern of gender, teaching and care where men are in the minority, and explores the notion that the greater involvement of men within teaching and associated professions has the potential to transform gender relations for future generations.
You can purchase this book on Amazon UK
Feminists Researching Gendered Childhoods charts the evolving nature of feminist theory and research methods in childhood studies and the generative potential this holds for researchers, academics and educators to continue to push ideas and practices. The book traces the threads of affect and effect that feminist theories and methodologies have made over time to thinking more, and differently, about gender in childhood. In the wake of the ‘new materialist turn’ in feminist research, the book sought to address two pressing questions: what is especially new about feminist new materialism, and what is especially feminist about feminist new materialism. These questions are generative, troubling, unsettling and invited the contributors on an adventure that involved re-turning and reconfiguring ideas and practices about gender and childhood.
Along with the editors, Jayne Osgood (UK), and Kerry H. Robinson (Australia), five key international feminist scholars, Mindy Blaise (Australia), Bronwyn Davies (Australia), Debbie Epstein (UK), Jen Lyttleton-Smith (UK), and Veronica Pacini-Ketchabaw (Canada) collaborated on this book project. Their reflective accounts capture the contribution of their own work and that of their peers, to advancing research practices and theorisations of gender in childhood. Having all approached the study of gendered childhoods in creative and critical ways, these important feminist researchers re-engage and critically reflect on their earlier work alongside their more contemporary contributions to the field. The book is as much about the processes involved in its creation as it is about the material/digital end product. The chapters work with both familiar and unfamiliar feminist methodological frameworks that bring affect, materiality and embodiment, as well as textual representations of gender and childhood, into play. The book engages with, and generates artwork, poetry, photographs as a means to grapple with how gender, childhood, family, curriculum and policy have been, and might be researched. The book captures a lively, collaborative, feminist experiment that sought to make space for fresh conceptualisations of gender in childhood. Issues addressed include: social justice and transformative methodologies in childhood research; advancing theoretical perspectives that contribute to fresh understandings of gender in young children’s lives; the ways that research into gender in childhood play out in educational agendas; and the specific gender issues perceived critical to address in contemporary childhoods lived in the post-Anthropocene. You can purchase the book on Bloomsbury Collections or on Amazon UK
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"Lives unworthy of life."
Language is a powerful predictor of outcomes. The ways in which we speak of an event or a person or a group of others reflects societal feelings and beliefs. Words dictate worthiness or unworthiness; they value and devalue.
At a macro level, language labels have been used throughout history to isolate, marginalize, and endanger. They have been villainously used to justify the burning of countless women as witches at the stake and conduct unethical medical research on the mentally retarded. Language has been used to justify genocide, infanticide, and eldercide. The old adage 'sticks and stones may break my bones but...' could not be more false. Language can be used in a way that threatens the lives of millions. It can also be used to persecute just one person, sentencing her to a life of loneliness and despair.
On a micro level, society foists labels on us all. Whether or not we are slapped with a label that will cause us to be hated or targeted by others is not always predictable in a society. In Western culture, our use of language results in less obviously draconic outcomes for those individuals who are not of the assigned norm. Still, this social sequestration and stigmatization exists, from school playgrounds to corporate America. It even exists within the world of the bereaved.
Ken Doka is known for his work on disenfrachised losses. These are losses deemed by society as unworthy of grief, or those that are somehow justified by the relative actions or inactions of a person. Suicide is one type of disenfranchised loss. Others may view the death of a 21-year-old to suicide as somehow less worthy of public sympathy because of the implications of self-infliction. Another disenfrachised loss includes deaths of young children deemed preventable. For example, if a two-year-old drowns under the watch of his father, others may (cruelly) assign blame to him, offering less sympathy as passive punishment for his perceived neglect. Stillbirth, called the invisible or silent death, is yet another disenfranchised loss, as people often categorize this tragedy as unworthy of the same degree of grief responses as the death "of a real child," while mistakenly believing that a parent's love is commensurate with a child's age. The death of a developmentally challenged child will also bring disenfrachisement, as others wrongfully believe that the parents are "better off", no longer sacrificing their could-be-life of leisure to care for a handicapped child.
Mostly, these labels we assign- self-inflicted, preventable, silent, handicapped- come from a place of sheer ignorance, misinformation, and, in some cases, fear. Unfortunately, people suffer when they are marginalized; they suffer far beyond just their loss. They suffer as a result of social outcasting, and this leper-effect has dire consequences for individuals, families, and society.
William James said that to be alone is one of the greatest evils for a human being. Being targeted by others as unworthy- whether it is because of the color of our skin, our religious beliefs, the clothes we wear, our sexuality, or our experiences of grief- does not only affect the person or group being targeted. When we act against another, we act against ourselves. When we disregard another, we disregard ourselves. Compassion for all. Kindness to everyone. In it's best state, language should express love, acceptance, and tolerance, not hate and rejection.
"Man did not weave the web of life - he is merely a strand in it.
Whatever he does to the web, he does to himself."
Chief Seattle, 1854
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Pembrolizumab leads to durable anticancer activity, high survival rates, and a tolerable safety profile among heavily pretreated patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), according to a study published in the British Journal of Cancer.1
The standard first-line treatment for patients with HNSCC is chemotherapy (eg, cetuximab, platinum, plus fluorouracil), but therapeutic options for patients who fail initial therapy have been limited. Immunotherapies, such as the anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody pembrolizumab, are an effective second-line option for this patient population.
For the KEYNOTE-012 phase 1b study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01848834), researchers enrolled 192 patients with recurrent/metastatic HNSCC into 2 cohorts; patients assigned to the initial cohort received pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg and patients in the expansion cohort received pembrolizumab 200 mg. Tumor response was assessed every 8 weeks, and adverse events (AE) were monitored throughout and for 30 days following treatment.
The long-term analysis represented pooled data from both cohorts collected more than 18 months after the last patient began treatment. At the time of analysis (April 26, 2016), the median follow-up was 9 months, and 88% of patients (n = 168) had discontinued treatment; the most common reasons for stopping treatment included disease progression (n = 124) or AEs (n = 23). Nine percent of patients (n = 18) were still receiving therapy at the conclusion of the study, and 3% (6) had received at least 2 years of pembrolizumab at that point.
The overall response rate was 18% (95% CI, 13-24). The median duration of response was not evaluable, and 85% of treatment responses lasted for at least 6 months. The overall survival rate after 1 year was 38%.
Any grade treatment-related AEs were observed in 64% of patients (n = 123). Grade 3 to 4 AEs occurred in 13% of patients (n = 24) and included AST/ALT elevations, hypothyroidism, fatigue, and appetite decrease; no treatment-related AEs were found to be causal for any reported deaths.
The authors concluded that the “data demonstrate that a subset of patients will receive long-term benefit from treatment with pembrolizumab, a paradigm rarely observed with existing cytotoxic or targeted therapies for recurrent or metastatic HNSCC. Combination studies of pembrolizumab with additional immune-targeting agents and with radiation therapy are under way.”
- Mehra R, Seiwert TY, Gupta S, et al. Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: pooled analyses after long-term follow-up in KEYNOTE-012 [published online June 29, 2018]. Br J Cancer. doi: 10.1038/s41416-018-0131-9
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In Double Somersaults, Marlene Cookshaw writes with an unflinching openness that makes song of vulnerability and of the late twentieth century’s collecting sorrows: “”All we can hope for is everything, I say/ All we are given’s an old pair of shoes.”” These poems are rich with change, with aging parents and lost childhoods, torn relationships and gathering discontent. But Cookshaw’s larger concern is possibility: how we live in and with the world, how we live with ourselves.
Praise for Double Somersaults:
“”Marlene Cookshaw, most excellent of editors, in Double Somersaults, gives us her version. A book full of ‘logic and possibility”” – P. K. Page
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As we all know in business it is crucial that Lead Generation is at the forefront of any digital marketing campaign you run and that you understand what lead generation is in terms of digital marketing. Increasing leads represents increasing brand awareness and drawing interest in your products or services, encouraging curious prospects through the marketing funnel and into your sales pipeline. If done well, lead generation strategies will create a strong relationship with qualified customers who have invested in your business for a long period of time.
The tactics of lead generation are as follows:
The most effective way to reach your target audience is Search engine optimization (SEO). It involves improving your website rankings on the search engines for specific keywords and phrases, which helps your audience to find you when they are looking for services or informations.
It is important when you consider that 75% of people do not go beyond the first page of results when they use any search engines like Google, Yahoo, etc…
There are a few key steps you need to take if you want to start using SEO for the lead generations. which are as follows:
The basic step in creating an SEO strategy is choosing the right keywords you want to target. You guys want your website to reach users as they search for information, but that needs knowing what exactly users are searching for.
Firstly you will need to conduct keyword research. The keyword research is to maintain a list of possible keywords. This is going to give you an idea of the types of keywords you want to use in your content. Aiming for long-tail keywords or at least having three or more keywords as of long-tail is a much better option than short or broad keywords as they indicate a more clear search intent.
Google goes through hundreds of factors when they are delivering results for any given search result. So, SEO is an ongoing process and there are many steps you can take to boost your ranking in search engines. In SEO some elements make a larger impact than others to boost your visibility and generate more leads.
On-page optimization is important for bringing users to your website. One of the important parts of on-page optimization is using keywords
Every Search engine wants to provide the users with the best possible results, which means they want to redirect them to honorable and trustworthy websites. They determine each site’s trustworthiness totally on the basis of their backlinks.
Your website needs to provide a positive user experience which includes your website page speed, your website design, and navigation which is the important part of your website.
These are the paid advertisements that will appear on the top of the search results for specific keywords or phrases.
It is an effective technique for leading generations. It not only attracts more credible leads but also gives you the chance to improve your website’s online visibility.
Even if you guys create very great content, it’s useless if your target audience can’t find it. So, make sure to spend some time optimizing your content for the search engines.
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You can choice one of this :
1)Porgi amor : Wolfgang A. Mozart ( From the marriage of Figaro).
2)Im wunderschonen Monat Mai: Robert Schumann. "In the wondrous Month of May"
3)Aus Menen Tranen SprieBen : Dichterliebe*(op.48) "From My Tears Sprout"
4)Les Roses d’Ispahan :Gabriel Faure
5)Vorrei : Francesco Paolo Tosti
6)Verborgenheit: Hugo Wolf.
7)Vissi d’arte : Giacomo Puccini ..from Tosca
8)I’m a stranger Here Myself: Kurt Weill ..from One Touch of Venus.
9)George : William Bolcom.
write a critical analysis including its historical significance, expression of period style, aesthetic merits and use of musical elements. The paper will be clearly organized, correctly written and documented, and well developed in content.
I want 3 Paragraphs (Explain each Piece) it was on Barry university
1st Paragraph: Where, When, Who
2nd Paragraph: Pisces performed-Melody. Texture ,dynamites . Temps>History – composers > Major , Minor.
3rd Paragraph : Conclusion :opinion :Did you like it ?
Are you interested in this answer? Please click on the order button now to have your task completed by professional writers. Your submission will be unique and customized, so that it is totally plagiarism-free.
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The Crossroads Prepare for an Arctic Blast
Many residents in the Crossroads are getting excited about an arctic front and I am one of them. Usually, this means maybe 36-48 hours of cold weather with one cold night. Not the case this time!
This weekend we are getting ready for a cold spell that could last about five days. As for now the forecast(which will change a few times over the next few days) shows temperatures staying 58 or below for six days with everybody's eyes on Sunday/ Monday. As of 2/9/21, the weekend weather forecast looks like this:
To get more specific the LOW on Sunday night is forecast to be 28 and Monday shows a HIGH of 40 and a LOW of 25 with a WINTRY MIX! This means that there is an outside chance of snow in the Crossroads. How cool would that be?
The last snow event came out of nowhere back in 2017 and of course, the Christmas miracle back in 2004!
In an article written back in December by Ingra. The Farmers Almanac forecast 'The best chance for snow will be in late January.' Maybe they meant to say February. Snow or no snow, the Crossroads area will get to enjoy at least 3-4 days of true winter because that 100-degree heat will be here before you know it.
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Transportation is a major force for economic growth and development plans are always a hot yet controversial topic in the news. The World Economic Forum ranked the UK 11th in Ground and Port infrastructure and 8th in Air Transport infrastructure. The UK government and most political parties have in recent years, been in favour of investing in some of the largest transport developments to support an ever-increasing population.
As Connor Bowman, Junior GIS Analyst at Future Climate Info recently highlighted, the UK’s largest airport Heathrow, is currently working at 98% capacity. The UK rail network is also outdated compared to China and Japan, which have invested billions in establishing modernised and efficient high speed systems. China has invested in the world’s largest bullet-train network, which covers 20,000 km (12,500 miles) of high speed rail lines, which according to the The Economist, is more than the rest of the world combined.
Improving transportation requires much time, recourses and finance; therefore the cost effectiveness of such projects is important to consider. The Heathrow expansion proposals have been estimated to cost the tax payer around £18 billion. Yet it is expected to make back £211 billion by 2050. HS2 is predicted to cost £55 billion but is calculated by the government to return £15 billion every year.
A major controversy regarding these infrastructure developments is the environmental and social disruption that is likely to take place as a result. Many development proposals create upset on local communities for the green space that is required to build. Living on a small island, it is arguably just as important to protect the little undeveloped land we have, as it is to meet high demand for efficient and modern transportation.
The Heathrow expansion has been largely criticised for the air and noise pollution it is likely to present local areas. When London and surrounding areas already exceed air pollution limits, it is understandable that there are concerns among surrounding communities. The HS2 proposed route has also received criticism for the environmental turmoil that is likely to occur. The Wildlife Trust has voiced their concerns over the impact on wildlife and has campaigned for habitat restoration and creation projects to limit disruption.
Both developments have upset local residents within surrounding areas. Many homes will be bought by the government and demolished to create extra space for these developments.
The government has offered home-owners within a 120 metre radius of the HS2 line a further 10% on top of the asking price for their properties. However, with rising house prices, it is unlikely that this amount would cover the cost for residents to move to a nearby town.
With the Conservative Government winning the general elections, it is likely for both of these plans to be delivered as suggested in the Conservative Manifesto. However even if for some reason, there are further political changes to government (which is not impossible given current political unrest), and this affected the proposed transportation plans, the UK will still require its infrastructure to be developed. If the current Heathrow and HS2 plan were to be scrapped, an agenda to develop another airport or create another rail route is inevitable.
With major national infrastructure plans and a rising demand for more homes to be built, it is essential for conveyancing solicitors to search for future plans that can have a significant impact of the living standards and value of a property.
That’s is why Searches UK highly recommend The Future Climate Info (FCI) Premium Residential report which helps property professionals and their clients to understand the issues in relation to Contaminated Land, Flood Risk, Ground Stability and Energy and Infrastructure, whilst complying with the Law Society Practice Notes on Flood Risk (February 2016) and Contaminated Land (April 2016). FCI provide the most accurate environmental search, using Land Registry property boundaries, and uniquely, as an RICS regulated company, provide a full risk assessment from an experienced Chartered Environmental Surveyor.
For more information about any of the products and services from Searches UK, visit our website and follow us on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn or Google+. Alternatively call Searches UK directly on 0800 043 1815 or email [email protected] to speak to one of our dedicated team today.
This article was submitted to be published by Searches UK as part of their advertising agreement with Today’s Conveyancer. The views expressed in this article are those of the submitter and not those of Today’s Conveyancer.
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Why It Works
- Starting the potatoes in cold water allows them to heat up along with the water, resulting in a more even doneness throughout.
- Seasoning the cooking water allows the potatoes to be better flavored all the way to the core.
One summer during college I was fortunate to spend three months in Japan traveling and eating my way around the country. Naming a favorite meal during my stay there would be impossible—there were just too many unforgettable dishes and restaurants. But if there was one overall type of Japanese food that I enjoyed the most, it would have to be yōshoku cuisine, which is Western food done Japanese-style.
One of the most popular yōshoku dishes, and one that can be easily made at home, is Japanese potato salad. When you compare the ingredient list of the Japanese version and the Western version, the ingredients are pretty similar. That's how most yōshoku dishes are—ingredient-wise, they look pretty much the same as the originals that inspired them. But they're almost always different in one way or another. In the case of the potato salad, the biggest difference is the texture, because in the Japanese version, they're always mashed. It also tends to include a wider variety of vegetables than you'd see in a typical American potato salad, including cucumber, carrots, and corn; sometimes there's even ham mixed in.
Mayonnaise is a key ingredient in both versions, but for the yōshoku one, Japanese-style mayonnaise, such as Kewpie, is the mayo of choice for its extra creaminess and sweetness. You can find it at most Asian supermarkets, and I've noticed more and more Western supermarkets carrying it as well, but if for some reason you can't track it down, it's easy enough to make at home. For the salad, it's mixed with rice vinegar and Japanese hot mustard. The rice vinegar adds even more tang to the dressing while helping to thin out the mayonnaise so it can be more easily mixed with the potatoes.
While Japanese-style mayonnaise plays an important role in this dish, you can't have potato salad without potatoes. The first step is to boil them, and there is a right and wrong way to do it. First, always start the potatoes in cold water. This allows them to heat up as the water does, resulting in more even cooking throughout. Second, it's important to season the cooking water so that the potatoes can absorb it well.
Next come the other salad ingredients. For this version, I'm keeping it simple with cucumbers, carrots, onions, eggs, and scallions, though there are plenty of Japanese potato salads that go well beyond this. To prevent a watery salad, I thinly slice the cucumbers and season them with salt to draw out excess water before combining them with the other ingredients.
The last step is to gently mash the potatoes, leaving small chunks behind for texture, and then mix it all together.
It may look like your run-of-the-mill American potato salad, but the flavor is 100% Japanese.
1 1/2 pounds russet potatoes, about 2 to 3 large potatoes, peeled and quartered
2 Persian cucumbers (4.4 ounces; 125g), thinly sliced crosswise
2 teaspoons rice wine vinegar
6 tablespoons homemade or store-bought Japanese mayonnaise (3 ounces; 85g), such as Kewpie
1/2 teaspoon Japanese hot mustard
1 small carrot (2 ounces; 55g), quartered and thinly sliced crosswise
1/4 red onion (2 ounces; 55g), thinly sliced
2 hard boiled eggs, peeled and chopped
1 scallion, white and light green parts only, chopped
Place potatoes in a large pot and add enough cold water to cover by 1 inch. Season generously with salt and bring to a boil over high heat. Reduce to a simmer and cook until potatoes are easily pierced with a fork, 10 to 15 minutes. Drain potatoes and transfer to a large bowl. Let cool.
Meanwhile, place cucumbers in a bowl and sprinkle 1/2 teaspoon salt. Mix well, then let stand for 10 minutes. Drain any accumulated water, then gently squeeze cucumbers with paper towels to blot up any excess liquid.
In a small bowl, whisk together rice vinegar, mayonnaise, and hot mustard until well combined.
Mash potatoes with a masher or a large fork, allowing some small lumps to remain. Add cucumbers, carrots, onions, eggs, scallions, and mayonnaise mixture. Mix well and season with salt to taste. Serve right away. The salad can be refrigerated up to 1 day.
|Nutrition Facts (per serving)|
|Servings: 6 to 8|
|Amount per serving|
|% Daily Value*|
|Total Fat 9g||12%|
|Saturated Fat 2g||8%|
|Total Carbohydrate 20g||7%|
|Dietary Fiber 2g||8%|
|Total Sugars 2g|
|Vitamin C 8mg||41%|
|*The % Daily Value (DV) tells you how much a nutrient in a food serving contributes to a daily diet. 2,000 calories a day is used for general nutrition advice.|
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As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, factories around the world are unlikely to resume normal operations anytime soon, and labor shortage issues are becoming more prominent. But business owners that have already deployed unmanned systems in their factories have been able to both reduce the impact of COVID-19 and also seize market demands that other competitors cannot satisfy at the moment. Some businesses are even increasing their investments in factory automation. According to our observations of the industrial automation industry in recent years, unmanned systems not only effectively reduce labor demand, but more importantly, can significantly increase production capacity by cutting down on idle time in factories.
Throughout the journey from raw materials to finished products, at least 70% of the total time is spent on internal logistics, with products either being transported from station to station or sitting in storage for further processing. This 70% is idle time where no production is taking place. For example, the Liquid Crystal Module (LCM) process involves dozens of assembly stations. Assembly operators must complete a certain number of semi-finished products before transferring them to the next station, leading to time gaps between each batch of products supplied to each station. To overcome this issue, many companies leverage industrial automation equipment such as automated guided vehicles (AGVs), shuttle racks, and robotic arms to optimize internal logistics. But can high-end equipment alone solve the idle time issue? Actually, in order to enable automation equipment to handle tasks successfully and efficiently, there is a crucial factor that must not be neglected.
Invisible but Crucial: Reliable Networking Is the Foundation for Automation
Considering the large number of stations and AGVs in plants, many AGV suppliers help their clients set up path maps through the cloud. Users just need to modify the maps in the cloud and can then dispatch the up-to-date map codes to the designated vehicles. This increases scheduling flexibility and allows for unlimited possibilities for pathing between stations.
More stations and AGVs tend to require a more complex path map, increasing the need for AGV route precision and control point precision. Though they are often overlooked, low-profile wireless network devices are key to helping AGVs move accurately in a factory. In most plants, there are multiple intersections and T junctions, and the two-meter radius at each intersection/junction is a critical zone for AGV management. While this type of layout may seem simple to navigate for humans, these zones can be potentially perilous to AGVs, which rely on wireless communication. Any interference between the wireless client on the AGVs and nearby wireless APs may result in the location of the vehicle not being sent to the central control room. Or, if there are obstacles in the AGV's path, such as a metal bucket or cart, it could also affect wireless communication. Even a few seconds of disconnection, lag, or error could lead to collisions between the AGV and other vehicles or objects, halting the entire production line.
Designing a wireless communication network is not as simple as one might think. Common issues such as Wi-Fi channel overlapping and interference can complicate deployment, and ensuring the entire plant floor has strong and sufficient signal coverage is also challenging. A similar example in daily life is with mobile phone reception: certain areas may have weak signal due to the terrain and/or building structure. Therefore, it´s worth noting that when setting up unmanned logistics systems, the often-overlooked wireless network can actually make or break a million-dollar (or more) project.
In order to create an unmanned factory and fully realize all of its advantages, it is important to incorporate cutting-edge automation equipment, optimize redundant procedures, and enhance logistics efficiency. Yet at the same time, it is critical to select wireless network devices from experienced manufacturers and work with quality system integrators to ensure your automated factory has a solid foundation.
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- 1 How can you tell if a painting is valuable?
- 2 How much do paintings sell for?
- 3 What paintings are worth money?
- 4 Are paintings valuable?
- 5 Are paintings good investment?
- 6 How do I find out how much my art is worth?
- 7 Why are painters so expensive?
- 8 How do I start selling my paintings?
- 9 What makes paintings so expensive?
- 10 Can I buy the Mona Lisa?
- 11 How much is the Mona Lisa worth today 2020?
- 12 What is the most expensive piece of art ever sold?
- 13 Is art a talent or skill?
- 14 Who buys the most art?
- 15 How much are oil paintings worth?
How can you tell if a painting is valuable?
One good indicator of how to tell if a paint is valuable is to figure out who owned the painting beforehand. If someone who was high up or well-known in the art community owned the painting, then there might have been a reason for it. They knew that it was worth more.
How much do paintings sell for?
Multiply the painting’s width by its length to arrive at the total size, in square inches. Then multiply that number by a set dollar amount that’s appropriate for your reputation. I currently use $6 per square inch for oil paintings. Then calculate your cost of canvas and framing, and then double that number.
What paintings are worth money?
Most Expensive Paintings Ever Sold
- Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I.
- Otahi (Alone)
- The Scream.
- Reclining Nude With Blue Cushion. Artist: Amedeo Modigliani.
- Young Girl With a Flower Basket. Artist: Pablo Picasso.
- Untitled. Artist: Jean-Michel Basquiat.
- Flag. Artist: Jasper Johns.
- Nude, Green Leaves and Bust. Artist: Pablo Picasso.
Are paintings valuable?
Previously, we talked about which items may be worth something in your home and paintings can be some of the most valuable because they are unique, one-of-a-kind. Even though you may not be an art expert or a valuation specialist, you can still look for a few signs to see if that painting is worth something.
Are paintings good investment?
Art is a long-term investment, unlike many other investments. It’s also an asset you can enjoy while you wait out any potential recessions. Therefore, buying art as an investment can be an excellent way to diversify your portfolio. However, art investments should always be one part of a well-diversified portfolio.
How do I find out how much my art is worth?
Appraisals & Appraisers Consider finding an appraiser to determine the value of your artwork. Appraisers are trained specialists who work for a fee. They evaluate your piece and give you a written statement of its value.
Why are painters so expensive?
The biggest cost is labor. Most of the painter’s time is spent preparing the surface so paint will adhere well and the job will last. Your biggest potential savings come from controlling or reducing how much time a professional painter has to spend on the cleaning, patching, sanding, caulking and painting.
How do I start selling my paintings?
How to Start a Business Selling Your Own Artwork
- Putting Your Art Online. If you want people to buy your art, you need to make it available.
- Putting Your Art Into the World.
- Sell Art Commissions.
- Hire a Professional Consultant.
- Build a Client Base.
- Know Your Audience.
- Use Social Media.
What makes paintings so expensive?
With plenty of demand for artwork, it is the supply side of the equation that often leads to outrageously expensive prices for art. Scarcity plays a huge role. Many of the most famous artists in history are no longer living. This leads to another factor that affects the price of art: each piece of art is unique.
Can I buy the Mona Lisa?
Truly priceless, the painting cannot be bought or sold according to French heritage law. As part of the Louvre collection, “Mona Lisa” belongs to the public, and by popular agreement, their hearts belong to her.
How much is the Mona Lisa worth today 2020?
Guinness World Records lists Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa as having the highest ever insurance value for a painting. On permanent display at the Louvre in Paris, the Mona Lisa was assessed at US$100 million on December 14, 1962. Taking inflation into account, the 1962 value would be around US$860 million in 2020.
What is the most expensive piece of art ever sold?
Leonardo da Vinci, Salvator Mundi (ca. After a drawn-out 19-minute long bidding war, Salvator Mundi became the most expensive artwork ever sold at auction. Sold from a private European collection, the winning buyer was later revealed to be Mohammed bin Salman, the Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia.
Is art a talent or skill?
Art has elements of SKILL, just like learning to write an essay has techniques, or playing football has techniques. If you never learn those basic skills and steps, then of course you will have limited skill! But, if your education incorporates those techniques and skills, you will become more skillful.
Who buys the most art?
In 2020, the United States, United Kingdom, and China were the leading countries in the global art market, cumulatively holding over 80 percent of the total market value. That year, while the U.S. generated the highest overall sales value, China retained the biggest share of fine art auction revenue worldwide.
How much are oil paintings worth?
The majority of emerging artists will usually sell an oil painting within the $100-$1,000 range. An artist who can sell an oil painting for $30,000 would be considered by most people to be very successful. Then there’s the top of the art world where some artists can sell an oil painting for $500,000 and more.
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Son of Paious (?), established himself during the Civil War (132-124 BC) as counter-pharaoh and was the last Egyptian who carried the title ‘Pharaoh’. He was presumably supported by the Theban priests; between 26 June and November 131 BC, dating was based on him in Thebes, but already on 10 November, he was no longer recognized there. He fled to the north, where his rebellion came to an end before 15 September 130.
K. Vandorpe, City of Many a Gate, in: S. P. Vleeming (ed.), Hundred-Gated Thebes, 1995, 203-239, esp. 233ff.
B. C. McGing, R…
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A modern interpretation of luxury calls for emotional, authentic experiences. With this in mind, the bipolarity of traditional craftsmanship and high-tech also forms the focus of interior design at Mercedes‑Benz. Inside too, the vehicles exude Sensual Purity, setting standards in precision and quality. The principles of the modern Mercedes design idiom are applied to create automotive environments in which customers enjoy modern luxury as a lasting experience.
Mercedes‑Benz’s interior designers create and realise interior concepts for both series production vehicles and show cars as well as futuristic visions. “We design vehicle interiors from the initial sketches through subsequent stages such as design, CAD and clay models, hard models, equipment models or high-precision data control models, fashioning everything down to the very finest details until we arrive at the final series production car”, explains Hartmut Sinkwitz, Head of Interior Design. “In the process we continually re-interpret emotion and intelligence to create stimulating environments with a feel-good character”.
The scope of interior design for all model series from Mercedes‑B enz comprises the entire interior, including seats, doors, roof liner, instrument panel and control elements. Specialists are required for all the areas involved, such as automotive, product, textile and fashion designers. Surface finishing specialists create the colours and all the materials for the interior.
From grained leather through metal structures to the lustre of the surfaces, every detail is carefully selected and coordinated. A sense of harmony and coherence often hinges on the finest nuances. The attributes and the design idiom of each model are continually redefined. Creative interior design concepts are developed and implemented not only in Sindelfingen, but also at the Advanced Interior Studio in Como, Italy.
Harmonious wrap-around effects with flowing lines, curved centre tunnel consoles, hovering instrument panels, high-quality materials and meticulously crafted details conjure up a “welcome home” feeling. Hallmark Mercedes features such as the round air vents or the seat adjustment switches embedded in the doors create a uniform brand experience spanning the different model series.
The rigour which the Mercedes‑Benz designers apply to their work is also tangible in the interior - quality and precision being key aspects of luxury. The designers travel all over the world in search of trends and new materials. “Outside of the automotive sphere, architecture or art are sources of inspiration for me”, says Sinkwitz. Fashion also plays a major role, of course, although this is generally subject to short-lived trends and thus tends to be transient in nature, while the design of all Mercedes‑Benz automobiles focuses on attractive aesthetics and a modern character which is intended to last.
Interior design work embraces both traditional craftsmanship and digital work at the computer: the interior design process also begins with a sketch or rendering phase. In the next step, a 1:1 clay model enables the designers to develop the design in three-dimensional form - from the inside out, as it were - until they arrive at an aesthetically accomplished sense of space. Several interiors are modelled, in order to decide which concept is to be pursued.
For the surface finishing, the colour & trim designers choose materials and colours from hundreds of fabric, leather, wood and metal samples – much in the manner of an haute couture fashion designer. Work at Mercedes‑Benz also gives rise to new designs and processes, such as the patented “flowing lines” of exclusive trim elements. The effects of the materials’ touch and feel and the employed colours are configured and defined in realistic conditions in 1:1 interior mock-ups. This also calls for handiwork - in the form of the needlework required to sew together the individual leather pieces for the dashboard, for example.
“Concept EQ”: a foretaste of tomorrow’s car interior
The study “Concept EQ” (premiered at the 2016 Paris Motor Show) provides an example of how vehicle interiors are heralding a paradigm shift as they evolve into living and working environments. The electric car with the look of a sporty SUV coupé offers an innovative interior.
“Concept EQ” is fitted with four individual seats. Their reduced volume, their “hovering” appearance and the avant-garde seat upholstery layout convey a lightweight impression. A tailored sound experience is provided by speakers integrated into the head restraints. The side bolsters are covered in light-white leather, while perforations with a pixel rain look reveal particles in rose gold. Stitching with a PCB look on the deep-brown centre sections produces an interesting contrast.
Future Truck 2025: a foretaste of tomorrow’s truck interior
While the passenger car’s development into a “third place” is still in its infancy, the home environment and the world of work have long been merging in commercial vehicles, and in long-distance haulage in particular. “This is manifested in the soft-touch surfaces and the interior in a warm beige, which sets the Actros long-distance haulage truck apart from the Antos and Arocs in our truck range”, observes Kai Sieber, Head of Design Brands & Operations.
A foretaste of the interior equipment on board future trucks is provided by the Mercedes‑Benz Future Truck 2025. This research vehicle, which was presented for the first time at the 2014 IAA Commercial Vehicles Show, is designed to offer the driver of an autonomously driving truck a work and rest environment that is ideally suited to their needs. Instruments have been replaced with displays, and conventional switch panels with a touch pad. During phases of automated driving the driver’s seat, which can be rotated by 45 degrees, becomes an office chair or armchair from which additional tasks can be carried out or the driver can stay in contact with family and friends.
In this future workplace the driver communicates via tablet computer while the truck is on the move in automated mode. The tablet will replace the steering wheel and pedals as the primary item of operating equipment on long stretches covered in automated mode. On the tablet the driver will attend to paperwork, plan upcoming destinations, take on additional jobs and organise the next break. The computer screen can be configured according to the user’s wishes. The driver can call up all key items of trip data as necessary, for example – a further detail illustrating the perfect interplay of technology and design for the mobility of the future.
Urban eTruck: exciting yet sensible design
The design of the Urban eTruck also embodies the design philosophy of Sensual Purity to perfection. The forms are gentle and flowing, extremely minimalist and succinct – with no visible joints to spoil the seamless appearance. Inside, sophisticated material combinations of metallic-look leather, light grey and black DINAMICA imitation velour in conjunction with blue contrasting topstitching conjure up a futuristic touch.
Concept X-Class: progressive design and pure emotion
With the Concept X, Mercedes‑Benz is broadening its product portfolio and making a statement with two new design variants embodied in the first premium pick-up for the modern, urban lifestyle. Its expressive design interprets the brand’s signature design idiom and embodies the bipolarity of the design philosophy of Sensual Purity.
The interior is also a study in emotion and style, informed by a fascinating contrast of warm and cold colours and high-quality materials. Brown nubuck leather exuding a very natural character on the seats boasts a sensual touch and feel that provides for a special sense of comfort. This warm colour, which also features on the instrument panel, is combined with cool, white nappa leather. The trim in open-pored, smoked oak wood contrasts with brushed and polished aluminium trim elements. The world of modern luxury is showcased in very stylish fashion here.
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I compose and produce my own original electronic music songs and I generally only have trouble with one aspect of music: the drums. This is the only major instrument that I have no formal (or informal) training with. The real reason I never picked it up was because back when I first tried it, I couldn't for the life of me keep the kick drum on beat with the various songs I tried playing. because of how hard it was for me to coordinate the control over my foot in the attempts to play in sync with my hands. This initially made me shun learning anything about the drums probably due to the fact that I was mad I couldn't figure it out when most of the other instruments I played came really easy to me.
So, as you can now probably see, this is definitely the toughest part for me. Even though I create all my beats and patterns using audio samples of different drum sounds, I feel like they lack that variation or that life that comes from live drummers. This is probably partially because of the lack of formal training while since I never had the responsibilities of writing drums in any of the musical groups or projects that I've been apart of.
What are some tips to make the drums sound more like a live drummer? Or are there any ways to replicate this sound or feel? Is there a repository somewhere with the most common drum patterns used in various genres? I was relatively briefly enrolled in a music technology program and we had an assignment to learn some basic drum patterns but the original source the teacher got them from (one of the big drum company's old website) had long since been a dead link.
I'm open to learning from any sort of source as well be it sheet music specifically for drums, tabs, videos, articles, etc. Even word of mouth tips and tricks or various techniques built into the midi of a DAW would be cool too (sort of like the arpeggiator in FL Studio).
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How many times have you passed your neighbours who look unpleasant? Maybe they are unhappy because they feel like nobody cares about them; maybe they have no one to smile for, well you can change that starting today. Here are 13 tips on how to make people happy and spread some joy around the world!
Giving can be more pleasurable than receiving. This is one of the most important tips on how to make someone’s day and at the same time be happier yourself. Try to give the best you can with out expecting anything in return. You can start with your smile, it is free and smiling at people makes you feel more positive and happy too. Donate to a charity if you can and give something to those who are less fortunate than you. If you can’t afford to do this why not check your wardrobe and give away some of your unused clothes to charity. Simple, right?
Leave some love notes in your spouse’s, parents’ wallets or kids’ lunchboxes. They will feel the love and the surprise will make their day!! A cheap, fast and effective route to happiness!
Try to make a random person happy. Whenever somebody asks you for the time or directions to a place answer them politely with a smile. If you see somebody who is struggling with their car – help them, hold the door open for someone, compliment somebody. The World will be a better place for it and you will be happier in return.
Eating is a fundamental part of of our existence and can make us happy. Try to cook something for your family or your spouse just to make their day a little bit more special and spread around the happiness bug. You can make their favourite dish or bake a cake. If you do not like cooking or it is not your cup of tea – order something delicious from the takeway and spend your new found free time with your loved ones.
Send flowers to your mum or your spouse for no reason. Flowers make everybody’s day and provide the recipient with lot’s of happy vibes. Surprising someone for no reason can be one of the best feelings ever! People feel happy in the knowledge that you thought about them.
Saying “hi” to a random person, hug your friend or family member, leave a note “thank you for serving us, you were great” on the receipt for your waitress. Going the extra mile will make someone’s day and also improve your self worth at the same time !
Giving is pleasant but when somebody gives you something do more than just say thank you, smile and pay it forward when people do something unexpected for you.
Being a good listener is a very important skill. Ask your friend for their opinion, your mum or dad for advice, it will make them feel more valuable and important to you. When you see that somebody is sad ask what them happened. Everybody has problems and issues just try to listen to somebody’s story and be there for them in their time of need, it will help them to feel better and costs absolutely nothing.
Be nice to your neighbours. Especially to those who are older than you. Help them with their driveway when it is winter, bring their trashcans in, invite them for tea, walk their dog, smile. The psychology of happiness says that you do not need to move a mountain to make somebody’s day – small gestures help people to feel so much better about themselves.
Say something nice to someone. It makes them happier. For example tell someone that their dress is very beautiful or tell someone that their hair looks good or that they have a nice smile. Compliment those who look sad on the street, be nice and share what you really think. Be thoughtful, simply just because you can! You can do this at work, home, everywhere! Just be aware of appropriate boundaries and never go out of your way to offend or upset someone.
Did you notice that people never seem to have enough time for their friends or family? Put a social event in your calendar, make yourself available and helpful. Spend time with them, socialise, ask how their lives are going etc. Being available in the 21st century can seem like a miracle, everybody is busy and seems like they work all the time, give your time to your loved ones. You will be rewarded!
Work. This is where you spend almost 40% of your lives. Give some happiness away it is free! Be the person who says “hello” first, if you go to grab a coffee – bring one for a colleague, compliment someone, ask how they are, help them out, share a funny story. You will feel happier, people at work will be very appreciative and this ripple of happiness will return to you!
If you have a little extra this month why not share with someone less fortunate? For example, you may have some items of food in your cupboard close to expiry – can you donate them to a food bank? Maybe you cooked way too much of your favourite dish, drop in on your neighbour and see if they fancy sampling your amazing cooking! Its a great way to start a conversation and spread a little love around.
Happiness vibrates in a supersonic way. Try to use just one of our 13 tips on how to make somebody’s day and you will see how everything looks and feels so so much better! Together we can make the world a better place!
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Model Optimization of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger by Using HGAPSO
Keywords:Heat Exchanger, ARX modelling, HGAPSO, Validation Test
The demand to develop an efficient heat exchanger have been prompted in order to save the energy and materials as well as economic incentives within the industry. To establish a reliable heat exchanger that be able to operate under its normal operating conditions, a model should reflect the true behaviour of the process itself. Modelling of heat exchanger helps to understand process that occurs during the operation. Hence, the primary objective of the project is developing a structural model using an ARX (Auto-Regressive with eXogenous input) equation. The data from experiment was used to determine the parameter of ARX equation. Using HGAPSO (Hybrid Genetic Algorithm and Partical Swarm Optimization) algorithm, ARX parameters are optimized to obtain the transfer function that represents the plant for modelling. Validation test of autocorrelation and cross-correlation were used to validate between normalised data input and error. Based on the result on the six order model, parameter a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 values are -0.00083, -0.00202, -0.00253, -0.00095, -0.00213 and -0.00275 while parameter b0, b1, b2, b3, b4 and b5 values are -0.7642, -0.5759, 0.3118, 0.0715, 0.1140 and 0.0683 respectively. From validation test, all graphs are within the 95 percent of confident line.
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Earth, Space, & Environmental Sciences
Al Trujillo (retired 2020) taught oceanography, geology, and geography at Palomar Community College in San Marcos, California (near San Diego), where he was a Distinguished Teaching Professor of Earth Sciences and co-Director of the Oceanography Program for 30 years. He received his bachelor’s degree in geology from the University of California at Davis and his master’s degree in geology from Northern Arizona University, afterwards working for several years in industry as a developmental geologist, hydrogeologist, and computer specialist. Al began teaching in the Earth Sciences Department at Palomar College in 1990. In 1997, he was awarded Palomar’s Distinguished Faculty Award for Excellence in Teaching and was also awarded Palomar’s Research Award in 2005 for work on his textbooks. He is a co-author of two leading college-level oceanography textbooks: Essentials of Oceanography and Introductory Oceanography and is also a contributing author for two Earth science textbooks: Earth and Earth Science. In 2012, Essentials of Oceanography, 10th Edition, was awarded the prestigious Text and Academic Author’s Association (TAA) “Texty” award for textbook excellence. In 2017, Essentials of Oceanography, 12th Edition, was awarded the TAA McGuffey Longevity Award.
Website Content Contributions
Case Study: Coastal Stabilization Structures part of Oceanography:Activities
This ocean activity is used to help students analyze different solutions to a real-world case study of the problem of using various coastal stabilization structures. It is intended to be used as a small group ...
Learn more about this review process.
Oceanography 100 part of Oceanography:Courses
As a survey course, the content of this course provides a foundation in science by examining oceanographic concepts, including the study of geologic, chemical, physical, and biologic oceanography. We will learn ...
Al Trujillo, Palomar College part of Integrate:Workshops and Webinars:Teaching About Earth Online Workshop:Essays
From your experience, what practices make for excellent online Earth Science learning? Education studies show that one of the key practices that makes for excellent online learning is to build a sense of ...
Using On Course Principles to Support Student Success part of SAGE 2YC:Workshops:Supporting Student Success in Geoscience at Two-year Colleges:Essays
Palomar College faculty have recently received four-day On Course Workshop training on incorporating On Course strategies in their classrooms. On Course is a series of learning strategies for empowering students to become active, responsible learners. There is abundant data that demonstrates how On Course active learning strategies have increased student retention and success. Dr. Skip Downing details On Course strategies in his textbook, On Course: Strategies for Creating Success in College and in Life (Cengage Learning), which is used in college success courses.
Other Contributions (2)
Time Management and Setting Boundaries for Online Instruction part of Earth Educators Rendezvous:Previous Rendezvous:Rendezvous 2020:Program:Roundtable Discussions
So, you're teaching online now. It's been a time-consuming process to convert your instruction from face-to-face to an online format and you're figuring out best practices as you go. One of the ...
Transitioning to Teaching Online part of Earth Educators Rendezvous:Previous Rendezvous:Rendezvous 2020:Program:Roundtable Discussions
Most faculty have now had the experience of transitioning face-to-face courses to an online format, whether by choice or by outside forces. What has or hasn't worked for you? What do you wish you knew about ...
Far Western Section, Geo2YC: The Two-Year College Division
3 activities reviewed
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According to the report released by IM Securities, inflation in Pakistan was recorded at 5.7% in January, which is the lowest in two years. It was 14.6% in January 2020 and 8% in December 2020.
The urban consumer price index (CPI) or inflation fell to 5.0% in January from 7% in December. The rural inflation dropped to 6.6% in January from 9.5% in December.
The IM Securities research report says, “Urban and rural food inflation of 7.3% and 7.2% in January respectively, is at the lowest level they have been since July 2019.”
It adds, “This was possible because the government addressed recent supply issues in wheat and sugar through imports and major perishable items are down 20% year on year.”
The report also said that this can be considered as a short-term effect because prices have been stabilized due to imports.
Meanwhile, food items are still exhibiting double-digit year-on-year growth rates. The research house is of view that food inflation can rebound in the coming months.
The report further says, “The deceleration in CPI (inflation) is largely due to a low-base effect of January 2020 (CPI of 14.6%) and receding food inflation, which has decreased to 2.2% month on month.”
It also says that “core inflation, however, exhibited greater stability. Urban core inflation is 5.4% in January against 5.6% in December. Rural core inflation, on the other hand, rose to 7.8% against 7.7% in the previous month.”
“It is noteworthy that core inflation has remained steady around since July 2020, despite 7% year on year increase in large scale manufacturing during July-November period,” the report read further.
“There are no signs of the economy overheating, as stated by the State Bank in the recent monetary policy [announcement].”
The food items, whose prices increased in urban areas during the month, were sugar (14.76%), mustard oil (10.18%), wheat (8.17%), vegetable ghee (6.06%), fruits (5.39%), cooking oil (3.28%), milk fresh (2.46%), pulse moong (2.02%) and fish (1.64%).
Moreover, food items, whose prices decreased, included potatoes (33.57%), tomatoes (30.03%), chicken (28.48%), onions (24.87%), eggs (15.39%), vegetables (10.14%) and condiments and spices (7.54%).
In rural areas, the price of sugar rose 14.26%, mustard oil 7%, cooking oil 6.22%, wheat 5.88%, vegetable ghee 5.62%, wheat flour 4.21%, fruit 3.75%, butter 2.93%, pulse moong 2.74%, grain whole 2.31% and pulse mash 1.85%.
The price of potato decreased 36.1%, tomatoes 32.77%, chicken 26.47%, onions 25.99%, vegetables 13.32%, eggs 9.27%, condiments and spices 7.96% and pulse masoor 0.42%.
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In the Name of Allah,
Praise be to Allah,
One of the actions that the Salaf did was translate books, sermons and any benefit to one's native language.
Abdullah ibn al-Harith ibn Nawfal said:
Shaykh Abdul Razzaq al-Badr stated about this:
“This narration contains a great benefit related to translating. Translating sermons, reminders, talks and books into various languages is from the methodology of the Salaf may Allah have mercy upon them. Translating is a known practice of the Salaf. Translating contains a great deal of good because the person who does not understand the Arabic language is not able to benefit from the sermons, admonitions, or books, without someone to translate into their native language.
From the greatest achievements of the student of knowledge who speak languages other than Arabic is that Allah grant them success to return to his land and transmit this knowledge in the language of his people and bring this goodness to his people in their native language. How many people has Allah benefitted—no one knows the number except Him; by way of students of knowledge who were diligent and sought the help of Allah until they acquired a good amount of knowledge and then they conveyed it to their people in their native language to include sermons, lessons, and books they translated."
May Allah bless you, and shukran.
© Nasir ibn Saleem
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But the insights from one? Parrot voice recorder that. Why use voice recorders have different from your review and. Then it is different recording voice recording letters, lecture or password, select between models allow the difference between. Review and voice and personal choice between different speakers from scratch for dictation they were once you buy a difference? How does the advantages of the most commonly recommended programs can use a network location that i get a recording if you more accurate text. The button down to your consent on their decision about the researcher rather than one can then close the voice and dictaphone recorder? People use voice recorder for different categories: advanced features voice and dictaphone knows the difference between normal playback! Share buttons that fear of recorder voice recorders are available on your solution is one is ideal for high accuracy and. This voice in different way you cannot share it may need dictaphone the difference between lp and a voice recorder. While most useful features stereo digital voice recorder versus convenience automatically plays a dictaphone, voice recorder back to the moment to a phone into an ergonomic! Easy way to a thing that depends upon you need to use your typist but you to work increases, look here are using. Some voice recorder is small businesses and describe my foot switch to stop focusing on voice and recorder for. Typically controlled by remembering your voice recorder usb digital dictaphone is different folders and features.
You voice recorders is different. The difference between analog. Categorized into different factors might be what will give. Waveform audio you can get the files from the right for a perfectly as they all of the instructions or dictations to improve? Are usb drive just press the screen the tiniest bit depth determines the harder it will be quite good results since its like? Browse voice recorder products, different sounds into your business needs of dictaphone transcription and understand it easier, and store to. Sorry for voice recording end of dictaphone is this menu right side to contact form today, if data and the other recorders have when it easy. Which voice recorder can save in different models tested, gain or not use exclusively for instant dictation software from their devices. Press and voice recorders all your answers will expire at different mono or interviews, digital portables allow you! You just think again, when recording option to mention that of these for dropping by the contenders, you keep a basic and. We think again, and password lets her store collection of silence for easy for example, they are not allowed for your spoken words between voice recorders fall into. To different characteristics: enable or wallet.
They have questions or speed. Voice and voice recorders. One direction by adapting browsing experience and dictaphone? What are also send us for in any bag and is the days, they increase or charges for easy transfer and dictaphone from microsoft office. Keep detailed voice recording settings, different scenes like it also offers noise around a difference between lawyers may be. While saving mode and voice documentation in between lp stand for voice recorders and size and an eye on a difference in a signature in? Instead of voice recorder is there are the free and more comfortable use since apps also many sony voice recorders have a top choice between. This voice recording feature appends a difference between the quality than not provide remote and other breakroom supplies. In different characteristics of difference between lp stand for music performances or desktop, i attend official meetings. Page on voice recorder is different monitors, video recorder is low quality of.
For full transcript for easy access that you?
The difference between using the.
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Published on July 22, 2022
Written by The CO2 Coalition
The CO2 Coalition and the world of climate science lost one of its most respected scientists last week with the ‘sudden’ passing of Dr. Patrick Michaels.
Pat had been a Senior Fellow here since 2019, but had been waging war on climate misinformation for many decades.
Patrick Michaels obtained an B.A. in biological science in 1971 and an M. S. in biology in 1975 from the University of Chicago, and in 1979 he obtained his Ph.D. in ecological climatology from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
His doctoral thesis was titled Atmospheric anomalies and crop yields in North America.
Patrick J. Michaels was a past president of the American Association of State Climatologists and was program chair for the Committee on Applied Climatology of the American Meteorological Society. He was a research professor of Environmental Sciences at University of Virginia for 30 years.
Michaels was a contributing author and is a reviewer of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
His writing has been published in the major scientific journals, including Climate Research, Climatic Change, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Climate, Nature, and Science, as well as in popular serials worldwide.
He is the author or editor of nine books on climate and its impact, and he was an author of the climate “paper of the year” awarded by the Association of American Geographers in 2004. He has appeared on most of the worldwide major media.
Dr. Michaels was a Senior Fellow at the CO2 Coalition and the Competitive Enterprise Institute.
Pat’s literary legacy:1992 – Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming
2000 – The Satanic Gases: Clearing the Air about Global Warming
2004 – Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians, and the Media
2005 – Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming
2009 – Climate of Extremes: Global Warming Science They Don’t Want You to Know
2011 – Climate Coup: Global Warming’s Invasion of Our Government and Our Lives
2015 – Climate Change: The Facts
2016 – Lukewarming: The New Climate Science that Changes Everything
2019 – Scientocracy: The Tangled Web of Public Science and Public Policy
Pat Michaels had just completed his comments on the United States Global Change Research Plan but passed before he was able to submit them. We have published them at our website as a final footnote to his legacy in promoting science and the scientific method. He didn’t pull any punches in this hard-hitting review.
Here are a few of his best zingers:
· USGCRP cheapens its already strained credibility by parroting a truly insane piece of intellectual drivel from the IPCC. Constructive suggestion: delete the entire quote.
· I have purposefully digressed and sexed-up my comments on geoengineering because in my not-short life I have witnessed and chronicled both scientific brilliance and stupidity, and geoengineering is surely the best of the latter.
· These two paragraphs of meaningless word salad are evidence for the trendy politicization of the USGCRP. Why not just say that the USGCRP will incorporate the twaddle of witch doctors into their next National Assessment.
· As a practical matter, wokeness like this is going to be soundly rejected in the November election. Why not get ahead of the curve and quit this stuff while you’re ahead?
· This word salad could easily be condensed. Suggested change: “USGCRP and its agencies will become increasingly “woke”
Dr Michaels’ key comment on the climate scam
Editor’s note: Dr Michaels was just 72 when he died. Could he be the latest fully ‘vaccinated’ person to die a ‘sudden unexpected’ death?“The conference has a moral duty to examine the corruption of science that can be caused by massive amounts of money.
The United States has disbursed tens of billions of dollars to climate scientists who would not have received those funds had their research shown climate change to be beneficial or even modest in its effects.
Are these scientists being tempted by money? And are the very, very few scientists whose research is supported by industry somehow less virtuous?”
Thanks to: https://principia-scientific.com
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What happens when batteries are connected in parallel?
What happens when batteries are connected in parallel?
We received some confusing questions about the batteries connections in series, parallel, or series-parallel, and which one they should use?
Two methods of wiring batteries together are in series and parallel, these wiring configurations give us different voltages or amp-hour capacities. Connecting two or more batteries in series, parallel, or a combination of both parallel and series increases voltage, amp-hour capacity, or both. This article will discuss these battery connection configurations using schematics.
Before the formal introduction, you will first understand two basics.
- Battery terminals
In this picture, the terminal with the red backing and red protective cap is the positive terminal, and the terminal with the black backing and black protective cap is the negative terminal.
If you buy an enjoybot battery, the terminals come with M8 millimeter bolts, these are actually pretty good, you can definitely put a lot of ring terminals on here, they are long enough.
- Battery cable
In an independent power system, you would normally find an inverter and battery charger working together for the common goal of providing power. The cables connecting these devices provide the means for supplying or receiving power to or from batteries or DC distribution. Proper installation requires careful attention to the size of the cable, the proper use of terminals and overcurrent protection.
Cable sizing is calculated by determining the length of the cable and the amount of current that will flow through it. A label on the appliance, or the specifications sheet for that appliance, will provide you with this information. The longer the cable, or the higher the amperage, the larger the cable must be to avoid unacceptable voltage losses.
If you are purchasing an enjoybot battery, our recommended wire is 4AWG and we also recommend that you add a fuse to the positive side of the battery output to provide adequate overcurrent protection.
Connecting Batteries in parallel
Parallel is a mathematical term meaning side by side. When batteries are put in parallel, their positive terminals are joined together with a single wire to one part of the circuit, and their negative terminals are joined together with a single wire to another part of the circuit.
When batteries are wired in parallel, their amp hours add together but the voltage remains constant.
For example, two 12-volt 100 amp hour batteries wired in parallel are capable of providing 12 volts at 200 amp hours (100 amps x 2). Four 12-volt 100 amp hour batteries wired in parallel can provide 12 volts at 400 amp hours (100 amps x 4).
When are batteries connected in parallel?
When you need to double, triple or more the battery capacity while maintaining the same voltage level, you can connect batteries in parallel to achieve the desired capacity.
How are batteries connected in parallel?
If you are purchasing an enjoybot 12V 100AH battery, here are some parallel diagrams you can follow. You can refer to the wired connection to connect in parallel as 12V 100AH, 12V 200AH, 12V 300AH. This unit can connect multiple batteries, with a maximum of 10 batteries connected in series.
If you are purchasing an enjoybot 12V 200AH or 12V 300AH battery, here are some parallel diagrams you can follow. You can refer to the wired connection to connect in parallel. This unit can connect multiple batteries, with a maximum of 10 batteries connected in series.
Connecting Batteries in series
Connecting a group of batteries in series involves attaching one battery's negative terminal to another battery's positive terminal, then repeating the process until all batteries are connected. Lastly, attach a wire to the negative terminal of the first battery in your string and connect it to your application. Another wire would be connected to the positive terminal of the last battery in your string and connect to your application.
When batteries are wired in series, the battery systems overall voltage adds together but their amp hours (capacity) remain constant.
For example, two 12-volt 100 amp hour batteries wired in series are capable of providing 24 volts at 100 amp hours (12 volt x 2). Four 12-volt 100 amp hour batteries wired in series can provide 48 volts at 100 amp hours (12 volt x 4).
When are batteries connected in series?
When you need to double, triple, or more of the battery voltage while maintaining the same capacity or ampere hour (Ah) rating of batteries, you can connect batteries in series to achieve the desired voltage.
How are batteries connected in series?
If you are purchasing an enjoybot 12V 100AH battery, here are some series diagrams you can follow. You can refer to the wired connection to connect in series as 12V 100AH, 24V 100AH, 36V 100AH and 48V 100AH. We suggest that the max connection in series is: 4 pcs batteries to 48V.
Connecting Batteries in series-parallel
Series-parallel connection is a way to increase both the voltage and capacity of a battery system.
You can connect six 12 V 100 Ah batteries together to give you a 24 V 300 Ah battery, this is achieved by configuring three strings of two parallelled batteries. Alternatively, you can connect six 12 V 100 Ah batteries together to give you a 36 V 200 Ah battery, this is achieved by configuring two strings of three parallelled batteries. Both configurations have a total available energy of 7200 watt-hours (watt-hours = volts x amp-hours).
When are batteries connected in Series-Parallel?
When you need to increase the battery capacity or ampere hours (Ah) rating as well as battery voltages, you can connect in Series-Parallel.
How are batteries connected in Series-Parallel?
If you are purchasing an enjoybot 12V 100AH battery, here are some series-parallel diagrams you can follow. We suggest that the max connection in Series-Parallel is: 4S4P (four strings of four parallelled batteries).
If you are purchasing an enjoybot 12V 200AH or 12V 300AH battery, here are some series-parallel diagrams you can follow. We suggest that the max connection in Series-Parallel is: 4S4P (four strings of four parallelled batteries).
Batteries connection must be of the same voltage and amp hours
Batteries wired in series and parallel configurations must be of the same voltage and capacity rating(amp hours). For example, a 12-volt battery cannot be connected in series or parallel with a 24-volt battery, a 100 amp hour battery cannot be connected in series or parallel with a 200 amp hour battery. Mixing and matching voltages and capacities may cause problems that damage your batteries.
Mixing batteries from different brands can cause problems
Even if two batteries have the same voltage, capacity and chemistry, their voltage levels might be different due to slight variations in their manufacturing processes.
If batteries of different brands are connected in parallel or series, you are unlikely to see fireworks but may experience other issues, such as uneven or hazardous charging, ultimately shortened battery life. To avoid these problems, please use batteries of the same brand, voltage and capacity. If you do purchase another brand of battery, you can choose to component a new battery storage system, which is not a difficult task for most people.
Batteries connection safety tips
When working on circuits, The following tips can help you stay safe.
- When working with electrical circuits, do not touch the ends of wires that are not insulated, use rubber gloves if needed to insulate your hands from electricity and protect yourself.
- When connecting batteries, never connect the positive terminal of a battery with the negative terminal of another battery or you will create a short circuit that could lead to battery damage and fires.
- To avoid confusion and danger, make a diagram of your battery banks before attempting to construct them, always keep track of your connections, and always remember to be safe.
- To ensure that your batteries are charged properly and last as long as possible, always connect batteries of the same voltage level, same capacity and the same brand.
A battery's performance can be maximized by knowing the effects of both parallel and series configurations. Understanding how the results of your SERIES and PARALLEL connections vary and how to adjust the way you maintain your batteries will help you maximize their life span and performance.
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« SebelumnyaLanjutkan »
effectually, in his profession. The language of Parke, B., in Southee v. Denny, 1 Ex. 196, 202, 203, supports this view. . In the opinion of a majority of the court, the words might therefore properly be found by the jury to have been spoken of the plaintiff in respect to his profession as a physician, and they might properly be found to be defamatory and actionable without an averment of special damages. See, as supporting this result, Sanderson v. Caldwell, 45 N. Y. 398, 405, 6 Am. Rep. 105, where the court formulates a rule which would include this case.
The minor questions in the case may be briefly disposed of.
If an averment of special damages was necessary, or if the words set forth were actionable per se, in either case the evidence of special damage was properly received.
The evidence of what the defendant said after the commencement of the action was competent upon the question of malice: Beals v. Thompson, 149 Mass. 405.
The judge properly refused to instruct the jury that the plaintiff could not recover by reason of a variance. Taking the testimony of the various witnesses, there was, from some one or other of them, evidence substantially in support of all the words set forth in the declaration.
It was competent for the jury to find that the defendant spoke the words maliciously for the purpose of injuring the plaintiff as a physician.
SLANDER — WORDS SLANDEROUS PER SE. - As to what words are slander ous per se, see Hess v. Sparks, 44 Kan, 465, ante, page 300, and note.
SLANDER — DAMAGES. - In actions of slander, where the words are not actionable per se, the plaintiff must allege and prove special damagea: Nema man v. Stein, 75 Mich. 402; 13 Am. St. Rep. 447, and nota
LADD v. CITY OF Boston.
(151 MASSACHUSETTS, 586.] BASEMENTS - RIGHT TO HAVE LAND BUILT UPON TOR THI BENTIT OF
LIGHT AND AIR to neighboring land may by deed be made an easement,
and may be created by words of covenant as well as by words of grante RASEMENTS - IN ORDER TO ATTACH AN EASEMENT TO A DOMINANT
ESTATE, it is not necessary that it shall be created at the moment when either the dominant or the servient estate is created, if the purport of
the deed is to create an easement for the benefit of the dominant estate. EASEMENTS RESTRICTING THE USE OF LANDS. - If the owners of lots front
ing upon a square of land in a city mutually agree that certain places, avenues, and passage-ways, as laid out upon a plat, shall remain open as an appartenant to several lots, and that no building shall be erected upon certain lots within ten feet of the front line thereof, unless a majority of the owners shall so elect, nor shall any building extend above a speci. fied height, such agreement entitles each of the owners to an ease ment, and if a city, in the exercise of the right of eminent domain, takes a lot which is subject to such easement in favor of an owner of another lot, it must compensate him for the loss of his easement
Petition to superior court, claiming that petitioner, on April 20, 1886, was the owner of land known as lot 51, together with a dwelling thereon, which lot formerly belonged to J. P. Thorndyke, and was shown on a plan of lots, dated October 6, 1835, situate on Pemberton Square, formerly known as Phillips Place, in Boston, and that petitioner was also, as the owner of such lot, entitled to rights and easements in lots 39, 40, and 41 of division 4, and lots 56, 57, 58, and 59 of division 6, and a six-foot passage-way shown on the same plan; that by an indenture of the same date of the said plan, duly recorded, and by another indenture, dated November 7, 1837, also recorded, an agreement was made “between Patrick T. Jackson, his heirs and assigns, and the owners of the balance of said sixty-four lots, their heirs and assigns, by which it was mutually agreed, in the strongest and most uniistakable terms, that the place, avenues, and passage-ways as laid out on said plan shall forever remain open and unencumbered as appurtenant to the several lots, to be used for all purposes requisite for the usual full enjoyment of such dwelling and warehouses and their appurtenances as shall be erected thereon, conformably to the provisions therein contained, and that no building shall be erected upon lots comprised in the fourth division within ten feet from the line thereof on Phillips Place, unless a majority of the owners shall elect to have swelled or circular fronts, in which case the swelled or circu
AX, ST. REP., VOL. XXI. – 31
lar portions may extend to any distance within seven feet of said line; nor shall any building extend westerly beyond sixty-five feet from said line at a greater height than ten feet above the level of the six-foot passage-way in the rear of and against the said lots respectively; and the fact is, that said owners, by a majority or otherwise, did not elect to have swelled or circular fronts; and the indentures aforesaid further provide that no building shall be erected upon the lots comprised in division numbered 7 extending easterly beyond the distance of sixty-six feet from Somerset Street at such a height that the eaves shall be above the floor of the first or principal story, excepting upon lot numbered 65; provided, however, that if, at any time thereafter, the owners of the said lots, or a majority of three fourths parts of them, shall consent to the waiver or discharge of any or either of the coliditions abovementioned, then the same shall cease and determine upon the execution of a sealed instrument declaring such assent, and the recording of the same in the registry of deeds, and the several lots shall thenceforth be held by their respective owners free and released from all the conditions so intended to be released and discharged; and further, that a breach of any of the conditions above specified shall not work a forfeiture of the estate, but shall give to the said Jackson, his heirs or assigns, or the owner of any lot interested in such breach, full power and authority to enter upon the lot, with servants and instruments, and take down and remove any building that may have been erected in violation of such condition." The petition also alleged that no release of the abovementioned conditions bad been made by the owners of lots; that the commissioners for the erection of a new court-house in Boston had taken lots 39 to 41 inclusive, and lots 56 to 59 inclusive, and the six-foot passage-way, together with the easements and privileges of the petitioner; that the street commissioners had never allowed or paid petitioner any damages occasioned to him by such taking; that petitioner was ago grieved “that his easements and privileges of light and air, and especially his view into the open area of Pemberton Square, and also an easement reserved to him by said indenture, shall have been taken away and destroyed and no compenbation allowed him therefor”; and he asked for a jury to assess his damages. The respondent moved to dismiss the petition, on the ground that the petition did not show any taking of any estate, property, or land of the petitioner for which he
was entitled to compensation from the city. The motion was granted, and the petitioner appealed. The following plan shows a portion of the plan referred to, so far as it is material to the present controversy:
I. R. Clark, for the petitioner.
HOLMES, J. The ground of the motion to dismiss the petition is, that the petition does not show any taking of any estate of the petitioner for which the city of Boston is liable, and that is the only question upon which we pass. It may be that a separate petition ought to have been filed for each estate taken, but upon that we express no opinion at this stage. Neither do we express any opinion on the question of parties, or upon the effect of a previous petition having been filed in respect of some of the same lots, if such be the fact.
It appears that the petitioner's predecessor in title and the then owners of the land taken by the city for the new court bouse were parties to an indenture whereby it was covenanted, among other things, that the land in front of the petitioner's lot and just across the street should not be built upon beyond a certain line on what is now Pemberton Square, and should be subject to some other similar negative restrictions. This land the city has taken free of these restrictions. If the plaintiff has an easement, the city must pay for it.
The right to have land not built upon, for the benefit of the light, air, etc., of neighboring land, may be made an easement, within reasonable limits, by deed: Brooks v. Reynolds, 106 Mass. 31. And such an easement may be created by words of covenant, as well as by words of grant: Hogan v. Barry, 143 Mass. 538. In order to attach the easement to the dominant estate, it is not necessary that it should be created at the moment when either the dominant or the servient estate is conveyed, if the purport of the deed is to create an easement for the benefit of the dominant estate: Louisville and Nashrille R. R. Co. v. Koelle, 104 Ill. 455; Wetherell v. Brobst, 23 Iowa, 586, 591; Gale on Easements, 6th ed., 59. Of course it does not matter that by the same deed numerous parties grant similar or reciprocal easements over, or in favor of, many parcels of land: Tobey v. Moore, 130 Mass. 448; Beals v. Case, 138 Mass. 138, 140. Neither is it material that the indenture provides that a majority of three fourths of the owners of the lots concerned may terminate the rights which it creates.
If, then, we are to assume that at the time of the indenture the owner of the petitioner's lot was a different person from the owner of the opposite lot taken by the city, we have a plain case of a grant of easements to have certain parts of the latter not built upon, or not built upon above a certain height. Such would seem to have been the fact from the plan, referred to in the petition, which was exhibited to us at the argument, and from the petition itself, which states that the petitioner's right acquired under the indenture was an easement.
It follows that we need not consider the argument for the city, that owners of purely equitable restrictions are not entitled to maintain a petition of this nature.
COVENANTS RESTRICTING THE USE OF LAND. — Among the numerous attempts at a comprehensive stateinent of the legal doctrine on this subject, wo inay quote that of Professor Washburn: “It is now generally held that when land is divided up by the owner into numerous lots, and sold, and in every deed
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Injured By An Aggressive Driver
It seems like everyone is in a hurry these days, including drivers on Florida roads. Whether it’s from stress, a self-centered attitude, or because they’re running late, aggressive driving has become a serious problem across the country. In fact, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) reports that aggressive driving is the cause of two-thirds of all traffic fatalities every year.
Unfortunately, the NHTSA also reports that half of all drivers who encounter aggressive driving from someone else on the road respond with a rude gesture of their own. While it can be difficult to maintain composure in these situations, it only makes things more dangerous to respond in kind. NHTSA defines aggressive driving as behavior by a driver that is violent or visibly angry.
Florida’s Statutes on Aggressive Driving
While it’s frustrating to deal with the aggressive driving behavior of other motorists, the good news is that Florida is cracking down on this problem. It is one of 15 states nationwide that has enacted legislation around aggressive driving. Under Section 316.1923 of the Florida State Statutes, a motorist can be charged with aggressive driving if he or she engages in at least two of the following acts while behind the wheel:
- Tailgating or following another vehicle too closely
- Driving too close to the side of another vehicle or a bicycle
- Failing to yield the proper right of way
- Not obeying traffic control devices
- Improper passing
- Illegal passing
- Changing lanes in an unsafe or illegal manner
- Racing another driver
- Repeatedly failing to signal a turn or a lane change
- Not following posted traffic laws
Any one of these actions can cause a serious accident. However, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety reports that speeding is the leading cause of fatal crashes across the country.
Aggressive Driving is Not the Same Thing as Road Rage
People understandably feel upset when they find themselves the victim of an aggressive driver. Some assume that the other party in the accident committed road rage when this typically isn’t the case. Both types of behavior are illegal, but aggressive behavior is a civil offense while road rage is a criminal one. When you’re injured by an aggressive driver, you would seek justice by filing a personal injury lawsuit.
Examples of road rage would include a driver who becomes so angry after an altercation on the road that he or she takes out a gun and starts shooting or uses his or her personal vehicle as a weapon to run someone over. Road rage is an extremely serious matter that typically results in jail time and other sanctions for the driver who perpetrates it.
What to Do When You’re Involved in an Accident with an Aggressive Driver
You should follow the same procedures for this type of auto accident as you would with any other type. That means you should exchange information with the other driver, file a report with the police and your insurance company, take pictures at the scene, and obtain statements from any witnesses. You may find that the aggressive driver who caused the crash is unwilling to cooperate afterwards. If so, obtain as much information as you can and report the incident to your local police department.
The most important thing you can do if you’re injured is to seek immediate medical attention. Be sure to keep a record of the dates and times of your appointments as well as the doctor’s prescribed treatment. If you’re considering filing a personal injury lawsuit, be sure to keep all medical bills you receive for treatment related to the accident.
You Deserve Fair Compensation for Your Injuries
A car accident can cause extreme financial stress. Besides the seemingly never-ending healthcare expenses, you’re also missing time from work and may need to repair or replace your vehicle as well. Crystal Collins Spencer, Attorney at Law, understands the frustration of car accident victims. She will work hard to pursue your right to fair compensation due to the aggressive driving actions of the other party. Please contact the office nearest you for a free initial legal consultation. Ms. Spencer maintains law offices in Pensacola at 850-912-8080, Sandestin at 850-424-6683, and Fort Walton Beach at 850-200-4652.
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Commentary by Christopher Silver
It should come as no surprise that the UK Government has all but ruled out granting the Scottish Parliament the ability to hold a second binding referendum on independence.
It is worth being candid about the political realities that underpin this refusal. Events have swept across these isles and the world to the extent that the affairs of Scotland are easily overlooked. Scotland does not matter. It is still a nation that asks for permission.
But while we should expect no different – because there is almost no political scenario in which it would make sense for a Tory government to allow such a vote – we should also see this moment as an opportunity.
It may be tough for advocates of independence to stomach, but while the European question has decisively shifted the moral aspect of the debate away from the case for Union, in hard political terms, the ground is not shifting.
The collapse of British politics
Scotland’s constitutional status, as the Supreme Court helpfully reminded us recently, is governed by political conventions. In constitutional terms, the concept of “the Scottish people” is no more relevant than the concept of “the Warwickshire people”.
The conviction that Scotland is a nation and therefore ought to have its voice respected is just another political argument between two competing nationalisms.
As the Supreme Court justices pointed out, the lack of a solid constitutional foundation for devolution means that political concerns govern the relationship between Westminster and the devolved governments.
The Union has always operated on this basis. But this time, things are different: British politics has imploded and has largely ceased to function. A shift in the polls on independence might deliver a slew of concessions to Scotland on Brexit, but it would make a second binding referendum even less likely.
As a result, the only scenario through which a second referendum could be realistically enabled would be the 2020 election resulting in a hung parliament at Westminster. Given that the Tory’s new found British nationalism tethers them to preservation of the Union at all costs, and given the dire prospects for a divided and ineffectual Labour Party at the ballot box, such an outcome does not seem feasible.
At the same time, the risks associated with a non-binding Catalonia-style vote should not be underestimated: such plebiscites are easily boycotted and the results even more easily dismissed by intransigent central governments.
The Scottish Government may gain some minor concessions from the UK, but its demand for Single Market Access would undermine the Brexit project as effectively as independence. In all of this, the only power that it the SNP can call upon, in theory, is the notion that the Scottish people might clamour to man the lifeboats as the sinking hulk of HMS Britannia goes down.
A new era
This is a high risk strategy. Then again, it’s problematic to link any issue too closely to demands for a referendum: they are blunt instruments that aim to solve complex issues with a binary choice. Strategically, the focus on a second referendum remains a major weak point. But there is an alternative.
In political terms, Scotland, the UK, and the world have all changed beyond recognition since 2014. Only two years ago the events of 2016 would have seemed an absurd fantasy. Today, amidst the onrush of such frantic change, all the old rules are being broken and politics has to shift gear.
In Scotland, which has an old habit of working to its own time-signature regardless of what’s going on in the wider world, politicians are still nervously working out how to frame these events to fit the unresolved national question.
The one point of certainty is an understanding that this fundamentally different new political era makes most of the 2014 debate obsolete.
Better Together’s central strategy – to deny the entire premise of a binary choice between two nationalisms and two deeply contrasting narratives – is now dust.
But if we’re honest, another casualty is the Yes campaign’s breezy notion that all will be well once negotiations and economic realities kick in after independence. Such affirmations ring hollow as UK Government ministers repeat them ad infinitum in the context of Brexit and impending talks with the EU.
The point here is simple – independence has to be a self-conscious response to this new world we now inhabit, not a promise that it can somehow be escaped from.
This is why Scotland’s movement for self-determination desperately needs additional measures it can place on the table, other than a potential plebiscite.
The alternative to a referendum-centric approach is to take tangible steps to test the limits of union. To demonstrate, in the eyes of undecided Scots and a Europe that increasingly recognises our distinct politics, that certain Brexit measures will not stand.
In one sense this involves far more radical steps than focusing on calls for another referendum. Yet it is also precisely the inverse of what Brexit has become. It doesn’t retrofit a partisan agenda onto a vote that has already occurred, but instead builds a solution from the ground up.
Potential red lines on Brexit are fast approaching: next week, when the SNP’s amendment to the Article 50 Bill protecting the status EU nationals is voted down, Scotland’s resolve to remain European will face its first big test.
In response, the First Minister could offer her own commitment that all EU nationals resident in Scotland will have their rights to live, love and work here guaranteed. The hurdles to achieving such a measure would be immense, but not insurmountable. This would send a clear message to London and Brussels that a differential settlement for Scotland will happen regardless.
There are a range of other measures where Holyrood could vote in favour of non-cooperation with Brexit policy. For example, if Donald Trump’s government manages to strike some desperate UK trade-deal over the coming years, the Scottish Government could lead a boycott.
In America the “sanctuary cities” have offered an inspirational example of how sub-national government can be a bastion of resistance. Like the governors that turned out to push back against the Muslim ban last weekend, the mayors of several large cities have already made clear that the damage created by cooperating with the federal government on immigration is too great to justify. The Scottish Government, allied with other devolved administrators and the great English cities, should consider a similar approach.
Scotland has its own traditions in this regard, such as the local authorities who defied UK government policy on South Africa in the 1980s. Perhaps devolution has helped foster a mentality that waits for power to be handed down. But in an age of rule breaking, it becomes dangerous to always seem patient and well behaved.
A clear mandate
The idea that Scotland must hope instead for a moment of benevolence from a radical right-wing Tory government is an absurd proposition. They are intent on remaking the country in the image of their own toxic brand of nationalism. Awful as the intent might be, there is a boldness to it that cannot be denied. Britain is either great, or it is nothing: this is an existential moment for these people. If Scotland is not equally bold in turn, it may well be swallowed up in the wake of this insane project.
A full scale refusal across every autonomous Scottish institution to participate in the implementation of Brexit already has a clear mandate. It must now be openly considered. The threat of a constitutional crisis, and with it the entire viability of the devolution settlement itself, is a far more direct challenge to the UK Government’s authority than demands for an elusive second referendum.
If the approach seems too disruptive, just consider the backdrop: in both Britain and the USA new regimes and agendas seem intent on fragmenting their societies in a fit of nationalist self-regard. Trump and May’s governments were faced with looming constitutional crises the moment they gained power.
Their shrill, caustic, brand of nationalism is colliding with constitutional norms, a factor which just happens to threaten the viability of the unions that their me-first nationalisms cherish above all else.
Disruption is taking place regardless
These processes have thrown the equilibrium of mainstream politics dramatically off-balance. Old two-party systems are revealing themselves to be unfit for purpose in a new political era in which all rules are being rapidly re-written.
The pace of this change is daunting. But it does have one central advantage. The link between Brexit and Trump also provides a weak link – we’ve already seen Theresa May come under enormous pressure to distance herself from Trump, the great saviour who will scoop up the castaway UK in his clammy paws.
The state visit, if it goes ahead, looks set to be the biggest moment of anti-Government protest in the UK since Iraq.
When so many red-lines are crossed in politics there is no middle way to navigate. This is why Scotland will not matter until it takes a side in the wider struggle, by resolving to make its own rules. At a time when many of the norms that we’ve lived by may well be destroyed, this task could be a necessity, rather than an option.
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A protection and restoration plan resulted from public education, research, fieldwork, data analysis and GIS mapping. Each non-point source problem area site was categorized into three (3) tiers based upon the priority for restoration with tier one (1) being the highest priority for restoration and tier three (3) being the least serious.
The Gallows Run Watershed Restoration and Protection Plan contains a weighted list of water quality and water problem areas within the Gallows Run Watershed. Implementing the identified restoration and protection measures will:
add protection to watershed amenities;
restore impacted problem areas based on need;
increase interest in a watershed protection effort,
abate nonpoint source pollution, and
sustain and improve water quality.
Work on securing funds and the partnerships necessary for plan implementation has already started.
Figure 3-1 Base Map
Figure 4-1 Topographic Map
Figure 4-2 DEM
Figure 4-2 Land Cover
Figure 4-4 Impervious Surfaces
Figure 6-1 Amenities
Figure 7-1 Problem Areas
Figure 7-3 PADEP Sampling Locs
Figure 7-4 Priority Areas
Figure 7-5 Ealer Hill
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This week we have been learning to count two groups to find the total, using our word ‘altogether’.
Our number this week was 5, our sounds were e,u,r and ck and our word of the week was ‘shocked’. Our poem was called Five Little Pumpkins.
Well done to all the children for a fantastic first half term at school. We hope everyone has a wonderful week off and we look forward to seeing the children back refreshed for the next half term.
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PHOTO: At-risk Bedouin kids from A New Dawn taking part in Good Deeds Day.
‘Change will only come through working together. We are less powerful if we are separate,’ says founder of social program in Israel’s South.
By Brian Blum
The 30 young men and women studying software development, graphic design and 3D printing at Yeruham’s high-tech incubator last month did not seem out of place in the Startup Nation. But for at least half the participants, it was a new world.
The two-week Tech2Peace seminar was sponsored by A New Dawn in the Negev, a nonprofit organization founded in 2009 to improve the quality of life for Israel’s Bedouin community. Some 130 candidates applied. Half of those accepted were Bedouins and other Arab Israelis; the other half were Jewish residents of Israel’s south.
The integration of the two populations in the seminar was intentional, says Jamal Alkirnawi, the 39-year-old founder and CEO of A New Dawn. “Change will only come through working together,” Alkirnawi tells ISRAEL21c. “We are less powerful if we are separate.”
That’s been Alkirnawi’s modus operandi since he started A New Dawn, following a seven-year position as the academic counselor for Arab students at Ben-Gurion University (BGU) of the Negev.
“Arab students face a lot of difficulties because they usually live with their families in their communities until the age of 18,” Alkirnawi says. “So when they get to university, it’s often the first time they’re exposed to Israeli society, to being an Israeli citizen. It can be shocking.”
Alkirnawi grew up in the Bedouin town of Rahat and founded A New Dawn there with the aim of exposing fellow Bedouins to what he calls the “outside world” at a young age.
The organization has established programs in and around Rahat. In addition to the high-tech training program in Yeruham, there’s a club for at-risk youth, an afterschool classical music program dubbed “Strings for Change” (Sarab in Arabic), filmmaking classes and even a “cultural tour guide” course which Alkirnawi hopes will bring Birthright and Masa Israel Journey groups to Rahat to experience Bedouin hospitality.
The need for programs like those A New Dawn offers is urgent: About 140,000 Bedouins reside in the Negev, and more than 40% of them earn less than the minimum wage. The high-school dropout rate is 35% and only 30% of students earn a full diploma. A New Dawn cites figures that only 5% of the Bedouin population is qualified to study at the university level.
In high-tech, only 3% of Israel’s 270,000 workers are Arab Israelis.
A range of governmental and non-governmental programs aim to boost those percentages. Hadassah Academic College in Jerusalem, for example, offers pre-academic programs for Arab students. Nonprofit organizations such as Tsofen work with the Israeli government to integrate more Arabs into the high-tech sector, mainly in the north.
A great nomad
Alkirnawi is a Bedouin success story. He received his undergraduate degree in public health administration from BGU, a master’s in social work with a specialization in peacebuilding and civil society from McGill University in Montreal, then returned to his alma mater to earn an MBA in social leadership.
“I was always a great nomad,” Alkirnawi says, referring to his career path but also perhaps to the traditional Bedouin way of life.
Alkirnawi’s academic travels exposed him to students from around the world and that’s become a big part of A New Dawn’s agenda. The organization brings international volunteers to Rahat.
They teach English and other subjects, but more importantly, they help “break the stereotypes of what different people are like,” Alkirnawi says. “It creates curiosity and questions, until people get used to being around outsiders who maybe have blue eyes and don’t know your language.”
Many Bedouin youth “have never seen Westerners or Jews,” he adds. “They never used the Hebrew language. It is as if they are not even living in Israel.”
An emotional first-aid hotline – the first of its kind in Arabic – with 25 volunteers will launch in the coming months.
All told, some 1,500 people have been through one of A New Dawn’s offerings. But it’s the programs for at-risk youth of which Alkirnawi is most proud.
“Seventy percent of our graduates are integrated, whether that’s continuing with higher education, volunteering or sherut leumi,” Alkirnawi says, referring to Israeli national service.
A New Dawn has a staff of 16. Funding comes from a variety of organizations including the Israeli Ministry of Education, the New Israel Fund, Children of Peace, the Tsadik Fellowship, Israel’s Bituach Leumi (Social Security) and the Ted Arison Family Foundation.
Tech2Peace is also supported by YadBeYad, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation and the World Zionist Organization.
The just-concluded seminar in Yeruham is small, but it’s a start.
“The Bedouin sector is not full of technological hothouses and high-tech initiatives,” says Kusai al-Amur, 20, one of the program’s participants. “This is an excellent opportunity for anyone who takes part in it to integrate into the technological world.”
And, for that matter, into life in Israel.
During the program, participants shared meals as well as cultural and social events in the evenings. Discussions on the Arab-Israeli conflict were run by professional Jewish and Arab moderators so that all sides are “exposed to the complexities” of the region and will begin to “recognize that it’s not black and white,” Alkirnawi explains. “Ideas have no nationality.”
Alkirnawi is under no illusions that two weeks will entirely transform the situation for Bedouins in the Negev. But this is just phase one, he says, and it can lead “to a better future for the South; a future based on a deep understanding of the ‘other side.’ This is just the beginning.”
For more information, click here.
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1958 National League
(Redirected from 1958 NL)
|1958 in baseball|
|1958 National League|
|<< 1957 1959 >>|
- Bold indicates league champion, Italics indicates World Series champion
|Rank||Team||G||W||L||T||WPCT||GB||RS (RS/G)||RA (RA/G)||AVG||OBP||SLG||ERA||FPCT|
|1||Milwaukee Braves||154||92||62||0||.597||-.-||675 (4.38)||541 (3.51)||0.266||0.327||0.412||3.21||0.980|
|2||Pittsburgh Pirates||154||84||70||0||.545||8.0||662 (4.30)||607 (3.94)||0.264||0.316||0.410||3.56||0.978|
|3||San Francisco Giants||154||80||74||0||.519||12.0||727 (4.72)||698 (4.53)||0.263||0.330||0.422||3.98||0.975|
|4||Cincinnati Redlegs||154||76||78||0||.494||16.0||695 (4.51)||621 (4.03)||0.258||0.330||0.389||3.73||0.983|
|5||St. Louis Cardinals||154||72||82||0||.468||20.0||619 (4.02)||704 (4.57)||0.261||0.329||0.380||4.12||0.975|
|6||Chicago Cubs||154||72||82||0||.468||20.0||709 (4.60)||725 (4.71)||0.265||0.327||0.426||4.22||0.975|
|7||Los Angeles Dodgers||154||71||83||0||.461||21.0||668 (4.34)||761 (4.94)||0.251||0.316||0.402||4.47||0.975|
|8||Philadelphia Phillies||154||69||85||0||.448||23.0||664 (4.31)||762 (4.95)||0.266||0.336||0.400||4.32||0.978|
- Bold indicates league record, Italics indicate all-time record
The winner of the league's Most Valuable Player Award, given its Most Valuable Player, was Ernie Banks, a shortstop with the Chicago Cubs. In the award's voting, he had 283 out of a possible 336 points and 16 first place votes.
The winner of the Cy Young Award, given to the best pitcher in Major League Baseball irrespective of league, was Bob Turley of the New York Yankees (AL). In the award's voting, he had 5 out of a possible 16 points and 5 first place votes.
The winner of the league's Rookie of the Year Award, given its best rookie player, was Orlando Cepeda, a first baseman with the San Francisco Giants. In the award's voting, he had 21 out of a possible 24 points and 21 first place votes.
The following players won the Gold Glove Award, given to the league's best fielders as voted upon by its managers and coaches, at their respective position.
- Player of the Month Award
Hall of Fame Game
The seventeenth annual Hall of Fame Game was played on August 4 at Doubleday Field in Cooperstown, NY near the National Baseball Hall of Fame. In the game, the National League's Philadelphia Phillies lost to the Washington Senators of the American League by a score of 5 to 4.
- Al Barlick
- Dusty Boggess
- Ken Burkhart
- Jocko Conlan
- Shag Crawford
- Frank Dascoli
- Vic Delmore
- Hal Dixon
- Augie Donatelli
- Tom Gorman
- Bill Jackowski
- Stan Landes
- Frank Secory
- Vinnie Smith
- Ed Sudol
- Tony Venzon
- Lincoln A. Mitchell: Baseball Goes West: The Dodgers, the Giants, and the Shaping of the Major Leagues, Kent State University Press, Kent, OH, 2018. ISBN 978-1-60635-359-2
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Newsletter article from Priests of the Sacred Heart Monastery profiling Frances as a consistent donor.
Transcription of article follows:
Growing up in Croatia, Frances and her family were devoted to the Sacred Heart. Soon after coming to America in 1939 she learned of the Priests of the Sacred Heart through “their great work in spreading the word of God and helping the poor.”
Frances married Luke, the love of her life, and the two were happily married for 55 years before Luke went to his heavenly reward. The two were blessed with two sons and two lovely grand- daughters.
At the age of 85, Frances published her first book, an account of her life history and experiences, embellished by poems and special memories. What a wonderful gift to her family is this treasure chest of memories.
Frances speaks of her life in Croatia and the hardships her family endured. “Life was hard then and we were poor. But my mother was such a smart person, hard worker, good organizer, that we children never noticed what she had to go through to raise us. We were always so happy. Our beds were made of plain wood with mattresses made from corn husks and sheets from the flannel and wool we had from our sheep.”
God and prayer were ever present in Frances’ family. Throughout the book, Frances refers to her life as “blessed.” “My Catholic faith is very important to me. Generally speaking, my life has been blessed. It is through our faith and beliefs that people are able to carry on in the face of difficulties.”
Friends like Frances who give, in their words, a “small donation” every month, enable the Priests of the Sacred Heart to carry on God’s work. Frances feels that she has not made a significant gift to the Priests of the Sacred Heart. “I did not make any particular gift. Just a small donation every month because I love God and His Sacred Heart. God is my life.” “I firmly believe that we need more priests to help young people in their lives.”
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Grief, trauma or shock can affect any of us at any time. Here’s how you can best support the wellbeing of staff members who are experiencing it.
Trying to perform your job while dealing with a shock or something traumatic can be incredibly difficult. That is why it’s crucial for workplaces to offer the right support for anyone going through a difficult life period.
Let’s start by looking at what trauma is, how you can spot the signs and, most importantly, how you can help employees who are experiencing it…
Trauma is a response to a shocking or upsetting life event, such as a bereavement, accident or attack. It can cause the person who experienced it to feel as if they are reliving the event every day and are unable to escape it or put it behind them.
In the words of psychiatrist Bessel van der Kolk,
'We have learned that trauma is not just an event that took place sometime in the past; it is also the imprint left by that experience on mind, brain, and body. This imprint has ongoing consequences for how the human organism manages to survive in the present. Trauma results in a fundamental reorganization of the way mind and brain manage perceptions. It changes not only how we think and what we think about, but also our very capacity to think’.
However, it’s very important to note that it is not only big, life-threatening events that caused traumatic responses. For instance, a person can also experience trauma after an illness or health scare, bereavement, assault or the end of a relationship. Many people have also been traumatised by the experience of the pandemic and might still be struggling to process the effects of mass panic, lockdown and isolation. Unsafe experiences in childhood can leave a legacy of trauma, as can marginalisation and discrimination. Trauma can also develop in the workplace itself, for instance, as an effect of bullying. That is why it’s important to have a broad view of trauma, understanding that it is about more than just one-off dramatic incidents and can also be caused by periods of prolonged high stress.
One thing to remember is that a traumatised person can be busy working at their desk, seemingly fine, but actually be concealing a lot of painful emotions underneath. These can include anxiety, sadness, anger, guilt, shame, confusion and disorientation. And while an employee might be able to get through a day or a week feeling this way, long term it can take its toll on their performance and career progression.
For this reason, it is crucial to create safe spaces at work to support people who have experienced something traumatic, giving them all the time they need to work through it all at their own pace. In fact, psychological trauma should be treated every bit as seriously as a physical illness and offered the same (if not identical) levels of support.
After a traumatic or upsetting experience, people might be re-experiencing what happened, avoiding anything that reminds them of what happened and/or generally on alert, on the lookout for signs that it will happen again. These trauma responses — often referred to as fight, flight and freeze — can show up in many ways. Once you learn to spot the indicators, you will be in a better position to offer support. Key signs can include:
A change in work
— Impaired performance at work e.g. making mistakes, missing deadlines.
— Seeming overwhelmed by workload.
— Difficulty in making decisions at work.
— Increased sick days or lateness.
— Loss of interest in work.
A decrease in connection
— Seeming spaced out, distracted or disconnected.
— Socially withdrawn from colleagues.
An increase in emotional reactivity
— Seeming stressed, anxious or on edge.
— Seeming irritable or short-tempered.
— Seeming sad or low in mood.
— Jumpiness, shakiness or trembling.
— Mood swings or sudden emotional outbursts e.g. anger.
— Hyper-sensitivity to feedback or criticism.
— Tiredness e.g. dozing off at their desk.
— Headaches, fatigue or aches and pains.
— Change in weight or looking tired.
Supporting an employee through a difficult experience can be tricky and requires sensitivity. This can be especially true in the early stages, when the person may not even have begun to properly process what happened.
However, it’s also crucial to avoid being so overly tactful that you sidestep dealing with the issue at all. So here are some tips for approaching the topic:
Sometimes, people can have longer term trauma-based responses (such as PTSD or C-PTSD) that can easily fly under the radar, causing that person to be seriously misunderstood at work. Often, they might show exactly the same trauma signs as those listed above, yet may not have been through any recent difficult experiences (as far as you are aware). Sometimes they can find themselves labelled by employers as lazy, dreamy, moody, flaky, negative, indecisive, withdrawn, disorganised, short-tempered, anxious, rigid, controlling, emotional or overly sensitive.
What’s not always obvious is that these individuals can be secretly struggling with incredible stress and pain every day. However, because the traumatic event or experience that caused their trauma response could have happened long before they started their current role, their colleagues may have no awareness of it. Sadly, this lack of understanding can be detrimental to their career, yet with the right support at work they have a better chance of flourishing and expressing their true potential.
It goes without saying that if you are not a mental health professional then there is no way to tell for sure if someone is experiencing something traumatic or not. That said, it’s still important to be aware that trauma can be a long term issue that might have started in a person’s early childhood. Indicators could be that someone’s reactions to stress, disappointments, feedback seems to be disproportionate to the situation — this suggests they might be responding, at least in part, to something unprocessed from the past. Another indicator might be that they’re repeatedly having relational issues with colleagues,
If you think that an employee shows signs that their responses might have their roots in trauma, then you could open up a tactful conversation around their general wellbeing at work and invite them to share anything difficult that’s coming up for them at work. Keep the conversation focused on how you can best support them in their role, rather than trying to label them with a condition.
The truth is that most of us will go through upsetting or traumatic experiences at some point in our lives. That is why it’s essential that every workplace has a structure in place for supporting individuals through it, so that they can continue to thrive in their career — the structure, rewards and social connections that work provides are often vital for supporting wellbeing and healing.
And by learning to both spot traumatic responses and address them sensitively — while also having a good employee mental health programme in place — you can turn your organisation into a safe space that supports people through every kind of life challenge.
Want to learn about how you can better meet your team’s mental health needs? Take a look at our effective, accessible workplace mental health support.
Or are you dealing with a trauma or difficult life event? Get support from a world-class MTA trauma specialist today.
Explore our collection of trusted, experienced therapists, and start your journey to feeling better.
When entertainment industry professional, Mia, began experiencing anxiety, she decided to try online therapy. It opened the door to understanding how past events were having a huge impact on her current life
My Therapy Assistant is not a crisis support service. If you are experiencing a mental health emergency do not use this site. Please use these resources instead.
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Wisconsin DNR promotes wetland restoration in new plan
The state Department of Natural Resources and federal environmental officials have developed a new plan to promote wetland restoration.
Currently the DNR requires parties that get permits to fill in wetlands to offset the impact by either restoring wetlands elsewhere or by purchasing credits from banks established by other entities that have done restoration work.
DNR officials say they've finalized an agreement with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that allows permit holders to purchase credits directly from the DNR, which will use the money to fund wetland restoration projects.
The agency plans to ask the public for possible projects. The corps and EPA must sign off on that spending and the DNR must ensure that work begins within three years.
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Concomitant use of benzodiazepines, including diazepam, and opioids may result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death. Because of these risks, reserve concomitant prescribing of these drugs in patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate.
Observational studies have demonstrated that concomitant use of opioid analgesics and benzodiazepines increases the risk of drug-related mortality compared to use of opioids alone. If a decision is made to prescribe diazepam tablets concomitantly with opioids, prescribe the lowest effective dosages and minimum durations of concomitant use, and follow patients closely for signs and symptoms of respiratory depression and sedation. In patients already receiving an opioid analgesic, prescribe a lower initial dose of diazepam tablets than indicated in the absence of an opioid and titrate based on clinical response. If an opioid is initiated in a patient already taking diazepam, prescribe a lower initial dose of the opioid and titrate based upon clinical response.
Advise both patients and caregivers about the risks of respiratory depression and sedation when diazepam is used with opioids. Advise patients not to drive or operate heavy machinery until the effects of concomitant use with the opioid have been determined (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug Interactions).
The use of benzodiazepines, including diazepam tablets, exposes users to the risks of abuse, misuse, and addiction, which can lead to overdose or death. Abuse and misuse of benzodiazepines often (but not always) involve the use of doses greater than the maximum recommended dosage and commonly involve concomitant use of other medications, alcohol, and/or illicit substances, which is associated with an increased frequency of serious adverse outcomes, including respiratory depression, overdose, or death (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Abuse).
Before prescribing diazepam tablets and throughout treatment, assess each patient’s risk for abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., using a standardized screening tool). Use of diazepam, particularly in patients at elevated risk, necessitates counseling about the risks and proper use of diazepam tablets along with monitoring for signs and symptoms of abuse, misuse, and addiction. Prescribe the lowest effective dosage; avoid or minimize concomitant use of CNS depressants and other substances associated with abuse, misuse, and addiction (e.g., opioid analgesics, stimulants); and advise patients on the proper disposal of unused drug. If a substance use disorder is suspected, evaluate the patient and institute (or refer them for) early treatment, as appropriate.
To reduce the risk of withdrawal reactions, use a gradual taper to discontinue diazepam tablets or reduce the dosage (a patient-specific plan should be used to taper the dose) (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION: Discontinuation or Dosage Reduction of Diazepam Tablets).
Patients at an increased risk of withdrawal adverse reactions after benzodiazepine discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction include those who take higher dosages, and those who have had longer durations of use.
Acute Withdrawal Reactions
The continued use of benzodiazepines, including diazepam, may lead to clinically significant physical dependence. Abrupt discontinuation or rapid dosage reduction of diazepam tablets after continued use, or administration of flumazenil (a benzodiazepine antagonist) may precipitate acute withdrawal reactions, which can be life-threatening (e.g., seizures) (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Dependence).
Protracted Withdrawal Syndrome
In some cases, benzodiazepine users have developed a protracted withdrawal syndrome with withdrawal symptoms lasting weeks to more than 12 months (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE: Dependence).
Diazepam is not recommended in the treatment of psychotic patients and should not be employed instead of appropriate treatment.
Since diazepam has a central nervous system depressant effect, patients should be advised against the simultaneous ingestion of alcohol and other CNS-depressant drugs during diazepam therapy.
As with other agents that have anticonvulsant activity, when diazepam is used as an adjunct in treating convulsive disorders, the possibility of an increase in the frequency and/or severity of grand mal seizures may require an increase in the dosage of standard anticonvulsant medication. Abrupt withdrawal of diazepam in such cases may also be associated with a temporary increase in the frequency and/or severity of seizures.
An increased risk of congenital malformations and other developmental abnormalities associated with the use of benzodiazepine drugs during pregnancy has been suggested. There may also be non-teratogenic risks associated with the use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy. There have been reports of neonatal flaccidity, respiratory and feeding difficulties, and hypothermia in children born to mothers who have been receiving benzodiazepines late in pregnancy. In addition, children born to mothers receiving benzodiazepines on a regular basis late in pregnancy may be at some risk of experiencing withdrawal symptoms during the postnatal period.
Diazepam has been shown to be teratogenic in mice and hamsters when given orally at daily doses of 100 mg/kg or greater (approximately eight times the maximum recommended human dose [MRHD=1 mg/kg/day] or greater on a mg/m2 basis). Cleft palate and encephalopathy are the most common and consistently reported malformations produced in these species by administration of high, maternally toxic doses of diazepam during organogenesis. Rodent studies have indicated that prenatal exposure to diazepam doses similar to those used clinically can produce long-term changes in cellular immune responses, brain neurochemistry, and behavior.
In general, the use of diazepam in women of childbearing potential, and more specifically during known pregnancy, should be considered only when the clinical situation warrants the risk to the fetus. The possibility that a woman of childbearing potential may be pregnant at the time of institution of therapy should be considered. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to the fetus. Patients should also be advised that if they become pregnant during therapy or intend to become pregnant they should communicate with their physician about the desirability of discontinuing the drug.
Special care must be taken when diazepam is used during labor and delivery, as high single doses may produce irregularities in the fetal heart rate and hypotonia, poor sucking, hypothermia, and moderate respiratory depression in the neonates. With newborn infants it must be remembered that the enzyme system involved in the breakdown of the drug is not yet fully developed (especially in premature infants).
Diazepam passes into breast milk. Breastfeeding is therefore not recommended in patients receiving diazepam tablets.
If diazepam tablets are to be combined with other psychotropic agents or anticonvulsant drugs, careful consideration should be given to the pharmacology of the agents to be employed — particularly with known compounds that may potentiate the action of diazepam, such as phenothiazines, narcotics, barbiturates, MAO inhibitors and other antidepressants (see Drug Interactions).
The usual precautions are indicated for severely depressed patients or those in whom there is any evidence of latent depression or anxiety associated with depression, particularly the recognition that suicidal tendencies may be present and protective measures may be necessary.
Psychiatric and paradoxical reactions are known to occur when using benzodiazepines (see ADVERSE REACTIONS). Should this occur, use of the drug should be discontinued. These reactions are more likely to occur in children and the elderly.
A lower dose is recommended for patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, due to the risk of respiratory depression.
Benzodiazepines should be used with extreme caution in patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse (see DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE).
In debilitated patients, it is recommended that the dosage be limited to the smallest effective amount to preclude the development of ataxia or oversedation (2 mg to 2.5 mg once or twice daily, initially, to be increased gradually as needed and tolerated).
Some loss of response to the effects of benzodiazepines may develop after repeated use of diazepam for a prolonged time.
All MedLibrary.org resources are included in as near-original form as possible, meaning that the information from the original provider has been rendered here with only typographical or stylistic modifications and not with any substantive alterations of content, meaning or intent.
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Editor’s Note: If you would like to receive an email notification each time we publish Ross Ramsey’s column, click here.
If you want to listen to the chronicle, click on the play button below.
Elected officials listen to voters, and the Texas government could do so much better if voters were more demanding.
What if there were more Texans voting.
Watch how the crisis focuses political attention on problem solving – and the problems politicians are working on when voters are not vigilant.
In the 2019 legislative session, after a 2018 election in which voters sent a “get serious” message to state officials, public education and property taxes were the top topics on the list, just below voter dissatisfaction with then-President Donald Trump. .
In the previous session, lawmakers were distracted by other issues — political ones — like the “toilet bill” that sought to regulate which bathrooms transgender Texans would be allowed to use. It didn’t pass, but enough voters were unhappy enough to bring the elected class online.
Senior state officials didn’t specifically say they wouldn’t be working on another toilet bill, but they did say they would focus on serious ‘meat and potatoes’ issues. . And they did, passing legislation to slow the growth of property taxes and reworking public school funding to put more of a burden on the state and less on local schools. It wasn’t property tax relief, as some had promised – taxes don’t go down, they just go up at a slower rate – but it was serious work.
All that happened between those two sessions was an election that saw Democrats take a bite out of the Republican majority in the Legislature and Republicans in power statewide, albeit with margins. smaller victories than they had seen in a long, long time.
Voters speak and politicians listen. This particular feedback loop actually works whether you think the votes count or not. The turnout in the 2018 elections was 53%. It’s mediocre, unless you look at recent history. Turnout is highest in presidential elections, when the hype of a national race attracts voters who often aren’t interested in other elections. But 2018 was an off-year election, like this year’s. And in the previous off-year cycle in 2014, turnout was 33.7%. Four years earlier, 38% of registered voters had turned out.
The message in 2018 was in the election results, but also in the high level of voter interest. And the reaction of the chosen class was like the difference between normal highway traffic and highway traffic when the state troopers are out in force.
When fewer of us are watching, lawmakers pursue their own political ends.
If you work in the Legislative Assembly and the list of voter demands is low, you can turn to personal projects and political issues that relate to primary voters – that relatively small number of supporters who show up in March. , while more than four of the five registered voters in the state are doing something else.
It’s not complicated. Elected officials on all sides listen carefully to their constituents so that these voters do not send them home. Not always, not everyone, and not every time, but on average voters throw the wrong eggs.
But which voters, and which types of rotten eggs? The general election draws the biggest crowds, because it’s where statewide races are decided, and it’s the big, loud pileups that grab the attention. But most legislative races are decided in primaries, when most of us don’t vote.
Political maps drawn by lawmakers sort the state into Republican and Democratic districts, and as you would expect from a GOP-majority legislature, there are more Republican districts than Democrats. Lawmakers themselves decide which party has the best, often overwhelming, chance of winning in each district. They are usually sued by hordes of litigants, but this year the courts have so far left them alone, leaving Legislature preferences in place for this election cycle.
This leaves the real choice to the primary voters of each party, and since they make the real choice in the congressional and legislative races in Texas, it is the voters that these elected officials are listening to. They have protected themselves behind a minority of the electorate, and they spend their official time on issues important to that group.
Only 17.5% of registered voters in the state showed up in the primaries in March this year. They are often demanding, urging the people they elect to rule in a particular way. What changes the outcome is when these small electorates grow larger, giving some of each party’s quietest voters a chance to be heard.
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Nearly one million people have signed a petition calling for racist abuse to carry a lifetime ban from England football matches after a number of players were subjected to sickening messages after the Euro 2020 final.
Bukayo Saka, Jadon Sancho and Marcus Rashford were inundated with racist messages immediately after the full-time whistle after losing to Italy in a penalty shootout at Wembley Stadium to decide the tournament.
Gareth Southgate and the Football Association condemned the comments sent to the players over social media while fans across the country have voiced their support for the trio.
The petition, entitled 'Ban racists for life from all football matches in England', was set up by anti-racism campaigner Shaista Aziz and her friends under the name of the Three Hijabis.
It was created at 8am on Monday morning, the day after the final, and had already reached more than 300,000 signatures within eight hours of being launched.
The petition - aimed at Prime Minister Boris Johnson and Secretary of State Oliver Dowden - reads: "As multi-racial football fans, we finally feel represented by this anti-racist and inclusive England team. We could not be more proud or inspired by our magnificent team and by their talent, bravery, leadership and love for all. Gareth Southgate’s England team plays for ALL of us.
"Their vision is an inclusive vision and this matters more than EVER - it’s why we feel proud of this team and why they’re so cherished and loved by many of us.
"There should be no room for racists and bigotry in football or society.
"We are calling for the Football Association and the government to work together now to ban all those who have carried out racist abuse, online or offline, from all football matches in England for life.
"Our England team stood up for all of us - now we must stand up for them."
Online messages are just the latest in a depressing trend for high-profile black players to suffer racist abuse after matches.
Social media platforms have faced calls for more tools to tackle and block abusive messages and stricter censure of users who abuse others. You can view the petition here.
|
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We provide the following community based services:
- Gender promotion, in particular empowerment of women, youth and persons with disability has become a reality with statutory representation in governance structures at a minimum of 33%. Gender related services aimed at improving the quality of life of our people, especially the women, youth, people with disabilities (PWDs), elderly and orphans and vulnerable children (OVC). Key activities are: gender mainstreaming, women economic empowerment, fighting gender based violence (GBV), legal advice, psycho-social support and group development.
- Support children in need of care (OVC, abandoned, unaccompanied, street kids and kids with mothers with unsound mind); social welfare cases; tracing and resettlement; prosecution of offenders in the child and family courts and; supervision of child care institutions.
- Support PWDs and the elderly through registration, IGAs, sensitization and financing of their projects. Through the Functional Adult Literacy (FAL) programme, we provide literacy and numeracy skills to adults to enable learners actively, participate in their individual development and that of their communities. Literacy level have risen to 79%, especially of females who regularly attend the Functional Adult Literacy classes.
- Registration, investigation and settlement of labour complaints; inspection of workplaces; registration and assessment of work related accidents, amongst other roles.
- Guide, facilitate, capacitate and functionalize the youth, elderly, women and disability councils. Through the following programmes: Community Driven Development (CDD), Functional Adult Literacy (FAL), People with Disabilities Special Grant (PWD-SG) and the respective councils’ constituents are targeted, organized and their activities financed.
- With over xx percent of our population below 18 years, we develop and implement programs for the youth that are geared towards addressing youth’s needs, empowerment with skills and resources to enable youth attain self-reliance and contribute to development. Other services include funding youth income generating activities through the Youth Livelihood programme (YLP).
This section will give you information on:
YLP | FAL | CDD | PWD-SG | +View More
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Purpose, Structure, & Function of Education in a Democracy
1. What is your philosophy of education (perennialism/ Essentialism/ Progressivism/ Existentialism/ social reconstructivism)? cite the relevant philosophers and ideas discussed in your text and/or examined in class. how will your philosophical perspective impact your teaching style? how will your teaching placement modify your philosophy? how do your personal personal values political proclivities, class consciousness, racial perspectives, and historical insights influence your outlook? why is it important to have a philosophy of education?
* Double-spaced, word processed, 1-inch margins, 12-point font.
* conventions : Spelling, usage, paragraphing, and sentence structure.
* Length/format : Appropriate to question ( 5 pages )
* completeness : Thorough discussion (‘ compact crystallization”)
* The writing should be scholarly, but natural, unforced, and shot through with wit, passion, delight, and/ or intrigue.
* there should be an engaging ” sound” to the writing, a contrast in sentence length and cadence. It doesn’t plod; it has lilt. Thus, “write for the ear.”
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The money is a part of public health funding of $28.2 million announced on Monday for nine projects addressing frontline workers whose mental health has been significantly impacted by the pandemic.
Federal Minister of Mental Health and Addictions Carolyn Bennett revealed the money will help not only health care and public safety workers but their families, personal support workers, and long-term care workers.
“Today’s investment provides an opportunity to evaluate and build evidence about effective interventions for PTSD,” Bennett told researchers at the University of Regina on Monday.
“It’s also an opportunity to scale up these interventions so that they can reach more people in need of them.”
All in, the Trudeau government will commit $50 million over the next two years to support projects geared toward interventions for frontline workers suffering from PTSD.
The McMaster portion will aid two supports: an evidence-based resource project helping individuals recognize trauma- and stress-related experiences; and the “Beyond Silence” mobile app targeting up to 50,000 healthcare workers potentially exposed to PTSD.
Margaret McKinnon, professor of psychiatry and behavioural neurosciences, says the $2.96 million set for the Healthcare Salute project hoping to reach around 75,000 health-care workers at 708 Canadian public hospitals as per a previous study suggesting one in four health-care workers have reported symptoms consistent with PTSD.
“One in two health-care workers in our study report they are considering leaving their current position due to moral distress encountered during the pandemic,” said McKinnon, who is also a research lead for mental health and addiction at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Hamilton.
“These data point to the enormous sacrifice of healthcare workers and their families throughout the pandemic and highlight further the current threat to the continuity of our healthcare system.”
McMaster’s School of Rehabilitation Science will get $1.56 million to further develop, implement and evaluate its Beyond Silence smartphone app designed for early intervention and support for frontline health-care workers.
“Providing access to customized, private, high quality mental health support in the palm of people’s hands is an important step towards supporting the health of our front-line workers,” associate professor Sandra Moll said in a release.
Moll will also lead a multi-sector OnCall implementation team in partnership with the Canadian Institute for Public Safety Research and Treatment (CIPSRT) at the University of Regina.
The CIPSRT team is also receiving $3.71 million of the federal funds to advance OnCall research to offer peer support for close to 30,000 public safety communicators, correctional workers, firefighters and paramedics.
The biggest single funding item in Monday’s announcement is just over $9 million earmarked for the University of Regina’s CIPSRT, which will evaluate and support 103,600 public safety personnel and frontline health care workers across the country regularly exposed to potential psychologically traumatic events and posttraumatic stress injuries.
In all, the University of Regina will receive $20 million for projects addressing PTSD, the largest one-time funding announcement in the school’s history.
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How does the 7th axis extend the range of a welding cobot?
Adriana Glazer | 23. September 2021
how the application range of a cobot can be expanded with the use of drylin® ZLW, the so-called “7th axis”,is shown by the company RHEWUM® based in Remscheid. The company uses components and systems from Low Cost Automation when welding components with a collaborative robot. The use of low cost automation components helps the company to automate production cost-effectively.
Reading time: approx. 3 minutes
About the company RHEWUM®
For more than 70 years RHEWUM® has been developing and manufacturing screening machines for a range of dry and wet screening, as well as vibratory feeders. These include solutions for the screening of sugar, fertilisers, salts, plastic powders and granulates. “We manufacture individual customer solutions,” emphasises CEO Sigurd Schütz. “For each specific application, there is the most suitable screening machine.” All machines are precisely tailored to the respective requirement. “A particularly unique selling point is that we have been manufacturing the vibration motors required for this ourselves for a year and a half. As a screening machine manufacturer, we know best which motors fit exactly,” adds Marketing Manager Marcus Giesen.
How does the drylin® ZLW axis extend the range of a welding cobot?
In the production hall of the company RHEWUM® a lightweight robot is used for the automated welding of components. A Universal Robot UR 10, which is equipped with low-cost automation solutions and energy chains from igus, has a payload of 10kg with a reach of 1,300mm. In order to make the robot’s workspace as flexible as possible, the collaborative robot travels on a 5.5m long seventh axis, the ZLW axis from igus® drylin®. The toothed belt axis ZLW-20 is designed for travel speeds of up to 300mm/s.
Low Cost Automation solutions for various applications under extreme conditions
The systems and components used for automated welding must be robust enough to withstand flying sparks and the associated higher temperatures.
The decisive factors for the choice of the seventh axis were, on the one hand, the travel distance to be achieved and, on the other hand, the price/performance ratio of the extension. For smaller companies, it is particularly important to make targeted investments to keep an eye on costs. And this is exactly what the low-cost automation solutions are designed for; from the gearbox to the articulated-arm robot to the seventh axis. The products are suitable for a wide range of applications, they are cost-effective and offer countless options for configuring the right customer-specific solution.
Matching the seventh axis, the machine builder uses an igus energy chain, the E4.1 for the safe supply and maintenance- free processes. The chain, which can be opened on both sides, offers a straight run due to the inner/outer link principle. It has a modular design and is quiet. The special sliding surfaces also ensure a long service life.
Easily master difficult tasks
What is harmless for the robot can involve great risk and effort for humans. In order to achieve a high reproducible quality of the weld seams, RHEWUM® uses the metal inert gas welding (MIG) process for welding. The components used in this environment must be designed to be tough enough for the welding sparks and the associated high temperatures. In everyday work, the automation solution means a significant reduction in workload.
Higher productivity, completely cost-efficient
The large heavy components can be placed with crane support. The worker then starts the respective welding programme and the robot undertakes the welding process. Originally, the component had to be rotated and turned several times for this process. The operator can now devote themselves to other value-adding tasks. The innovative production technology also provides an incentive for employees to take on this demanding task. New technologies often motivate the staff to familiarise themselves with the relevant activity and to use modern technology comfortably. Presently, swing axes are welded from several parts. The geometry of the axes varies from job to job. On average RHEWUM® produces 40 different screening machines per year.
“The robot comes at exactly the right time at this point,” says Sigurd Schütz. “Earlier, welding was done by hand. With the automated welding system we achieve a higher reproducibility of the high-quality weld seams. Secondly, our orders from various industries have increased since February 2021. This welcome this positive development.” The self-developed system is particularly suitable for recurring processes – also as parallel support for the welders. They can now take on other tasks that require even more human skills. “We are currently looking at what can be done with the plant,” says Schütz, commenting on the next steps. “The plan is to manufacture as many other components as possible here in the future. If that goes ahead, we’ll think about a second table in a similar form in the near future.
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British Telecom (BT) opened its System 4 automatic mobile radio service, formerly marketed under the name of Radiophone, in 1981.About 10,000 customers benefit from a very high frequency (VHF) network which extends further into rural areas than either of the competing cellular systems is able to do economically. The service has a total of 110 duplex channels at 12·5 kHz channel spacing and uses the system known as the mobile automatic telephone system (MATS-B)Customers are able to dial national and international calls, and to receive calls from any UK telephone, but at present they cannot receive international calls. Investment in the system continues: a new regional structure, with new exchanges was introduced in 1986,and further possible developments are being studied. Although it was originally a London-only network, System 4 is now planned and marketed as a low-density nationwide system with good coverage of rural areas, as opposed to cellular systems which are better situated to high-density urban operation.
MATS-B was developed by TeKaDe (now part of Philips Kommunikations Industrie AG) in West Germany. The BT system is one of about six MATS-B systems in use in the world, but is the only one to use 12·5 kHz channel spacing: other administrations, notably in the Netherlands and West Germany itself, use the more conventional 25 kHz channels. Unlike the West German system, which Is based on individual cities, System 4 is operated in seven independent regions or zones, with exchanges in each region connected to a large number of base stations to give extensive coverage.System 4 is operated by BT under two licences held by British Telecommunications plc. BT is allowed, under a licence issued by the Home Office under the Wireless Telegraph Act, 1949, to make radio transmissions from, and to, base stations and mobiles. The Home Office charges £5000 a year for each of the 110 channels which are in the 160 MHz band. The second licence, under the Telecommunications Act, 1984, is issued by the Department of Trade and Industry and can be revoked if four years' notice in writing is given. Unlike the cellular systems, BT is both the network operator and system provider for System 4.
The first UK Radiophone service opened in South Lancashire in 1959, with a London service following in 1965. This was a manual system, later designated System 1, and catered for only 320 customers in London[I].A more advanced manual service, System 3,opened in 1971. System 3 used an initial 37 half-duplex channels with 25 kHz channel spacing. In 1973, a further 18 speech channels were introduced. One of the 37 channels was used for control signalling, with the other 36 available for speech. Capacity was increased by replacing the earlier mobiles, which were restricted to one signalling and nine speech channels, with more advanced equipment able to access all 55 channels. But even so, the system quickly reached full capacity, particularly in London where 3264 mobiles were accommodated in December 1978-over half the nation wide total of 6052. The next biggest area was the Midlands with 819. The Grampian area, running up the east coast of Scotland from Dundee to Inverness, had 53.The need for an automatic system was seen with the aim of increasing efficiency and reducing operating costs. In addition, more than 55 channels were required, but the Home Office would not allocate more of the radio spectrum for an automatic system, so it was necessary to adopt 12·5 kHz channels, which would ultimately allow 110 channels to be used. The decision was taken to run System 3 and System 4 in parallel until System 3 could be closed.
TRANSITION FROM SYSTEM 3
Several of System 3's 25 kHz channels were taken out of service in preparation for the introduction of automatic working. This process had to be carried out carefully, as many of the old nine-channel mobiles were still in use and it had to be arranged that each base station continued to radiate channels that were available to all users. The released channels were used to inaugurate the System 4 service, initially in the London area only, with the new spacing of 12· 5 kHz between channels and 4· 5 MHz separation between the two transmission paths. In January 1983, dealers were given three years' notice that System 3 would close existing customers were told a year later. The system closed in England and Wales on 31 January 1986, but was maintained in Scotland for almost a year longer to enable System 4's coverage to be extended beyond that of System 3, which then closed in Scotland on 30 December 1986.
DEVELOPMENT INTO A NATIONWIDE SYSTEM
System 4 started in London in July 1981.For almost two years, it was considered as essentially a London-based system with limited access outside the capital. Roaming facilities were introduced to allow London customers to make calls from other areas; base stations were installed in the Solent and Birmingham areas in early-1982, but local marketing was kept to a minimum. Demand for service was so high that the saturation point was reached in late-1982, and a waiting list for service began to grow. By 1984, there was a black market in cars equipped with System 4 Radiophone equipment. The pressure on London eventually eased in the spring of 1985, a few months after the launch of the two cellular radio systems. The waiting list was cleared in March 1985, though the number of customers in London continued to grow until it peaked in May 1985.In July 1983, the system was extended to include such cities as Aberdeen, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Leeds and Cardiff. However, in this second phase of development, there were still wide gaps in coverage along the routes between cities and in other rural areas. The concept of System 4 as the first nationwide Radiophone service developed and went into operation from 1983 onwards. The number of base stations was increased from 30 to 60 to provide the extension of service to the major urban areas, and work began to provide coverage along the major motorways. This enabled customers based in the main conurbations to use their radio telephones more extensively across the country, which provided a further stimulation for sales. The process of installing new base stations has continued in order to bring mobile telephony to areas which had previously no access to such a service and to improve the service in some fringe areas. Figure 1 shows one of System 4's more remote base stations installed in December 1986 to cover the A9 A86 and A889 roads. In late-1986 and early 1987, coverage was extended to wide areas of Cornwall, North and South Wales Lincolnshire, and Northumberland. Further decisions have to be taken about extending coverage to the Lincolnshire and north Norfolk coastlines and to include the east-west transport links in northern England. System 4 base stations, with an effective radiated power (ERP) of 25 W, can providec overage over an area up to 55 km from the base, depending on the nature of the surrounding environment. However, traffic needs and topography generally combine to restrict the radial range of a typical base station to about 20 km.Unlike cellular radio systems, System 4 currently has no hand-off facility to switch calls to the next base station when a mobile starts to move out of range. However, a trial hand-over facility is currently being tested between Reigate and Brighton. If successful, this facility will be extended to some other areas, but as System 4 base stations, in both rural and urban areas, generally cover a far greater area than their cellular counter parts, a mobile is much less likely to move out of range during an average call. On longer calls, it is up to the callers to decide the point at which the signal strength, and therefore the audio quality, have deteriorated beyond an acceptable level. At that point, a new call must be set up: the system will find the best possible channel available. System 4 is rugged enough to hold a link once set up until well after conversation becomes inaudible. There is no risk, as there is with cellular systems, that the call will suddenly cut off without warning as the mobile moves away from a base station. There are ways in which a mobile customer, when beginning a call, can ensure that transmission is maintained for as long as possible. This is achieved by over-riding the normal automatic selection procedure. The customer can select instead a base station towards which the mobile is moving. Each base station transmits continuously an idle marking signal(I MS) code on all vacant channels used insetting up calls. There are seven different IMS codes, which allow base stations to be identified within a particular restricted area. The customer enters the appropriate IMS code to instruct the radiophone to select a channel only from the chosen base station. This procedure is more complicated than making a normal radiophone call and requires additional knowledge about the operation of System 4. Few customers understand the method of operation of System 4 sufficiently well for this facility to be used more than rarely. In addition, in areas of overlapping coverage, it limits the number of channels available to the radiophone. In practice, the coverage map is probably drawn conservatively and operation is possible beyond the advertised boundaries. By late-1986, about 93% of the population of England, Scotland and Wales was within range of a System 4 base station, and BT believes that it might be possible to extend this coverage profitably to 96-97%. System 4, like System 3 before it, has never served Northern Ireland, though there were once plans to build two base stations in the Belfast area.
A zonal structure was introduced from 1983 onwards as System 4 was developed into a national network. In many ways, this resembles the regional structure of the earlier System 3, which was managed as a series of discrete areas, but it has the added benefit of allowing customers who opt for the facility to roam; that is, to make and receive calls away from their primary zone. At first, the zone structure was fairly simple outside London. One zone covered South-East England, another the Midlands with parts of South Wales and South-West England, and there were two linked zones covering Northern England and Scotland. Customers in Scotland also had full access to the network in the north of England and vice versa. Separate TeKaDe exchanges, known as Radiophone control exchanges (RCEs), were located in each zone to provide service: at Esher, Surrey, for South-East England (a shared site with the London System 4 exchange); in Birmingham for the Midlands; and in Bradford, with a line concentrator in Dundee, for the north of England and Scotland. All base stations in a particular zone are linked by leased line to the zonal exchange. Each RCE can serve no more than 42 base stations and 96 radio channels. (See Figure 2).
Each exchange has a separate area code, which means that callers need to know where a System 4 mobile is so that they can dial the right area code. The six-digit telephone number of the mobile, however, remains unchanged nationally. Customers could pay for service (covering both incoming and outgoing calls) in one zone, or any combination of zones. This allowed quarterly rentals to be introduced which were substantially lower than those that would apply to a nationwide service allowing universal access. South-east zone customers were allowed to make calls in London, but not to receive calls-only customers who had paid for nationwide service, which was equivalent to the original London-only service, could receive calls in London. In subsequent years, the zonal structure has been refined. The south and east of England are now separate zones. On 1 April 1986, the Scottish zone was split from the North of England. Since then, the consequent reduction in charges and the increase in locally available channels have helped the number of customers in the North to grow by 25%. A zone covering Wales and the West of England has been split from the Midlands (see Figure 3). Because of these changes, new area codes have been introduced, see Table 1.Access in London has also been modified. Customers who pay for service in the south zone can make but not receive calls in London south of the River Thames; those who pay for service in the east zone are similarly served north of the Thames. To receive calls in London, customers must opt for full nationwide service, which covers all zones. As the typical ratio between outgoing and incoming calls is three to one, many London customers are happy simply subscribing to the south and east zones, at a cost of less than half the quarterly charge for nationwide service, see Table 2.
Because the range of the System 4 base stations depends on the local topography, the boundaries between zones are not rigidly defined in practice. In many cases, calls can still be made and received even when a user is some distance inside a different zone, as long as there is an adequate signal from abase station in a zone for which service has been paid.
Each base station transmits a continuous signal on all traffic channels that are currently free and available for use. When a mobile customer wishes to place a call, the mobile equipment automatically scans the 110 channel band to seek a free channel. If more than one is available (possibly from more than one base station), the mobile selects the strongest signal. This process typically takes about two seconds. The mobile transmits the number dialed plus its own number on the channel. The base station transmits all this information back on the other half of the duplex link, and the mobile carries out a comparison. If the received numbers do not match the transmitted numbers, the mobile abandons the link and searches for another channel. The process is repeated until a satisfactory link is acquired. Some mobiles are capable of scanning the full band twice in order to achieve a connection. The base station checks via its zonal RCE that the mobile is authorised for service in that zone. Once a satisfactory link is achieved, the number dialled is passed through the RCE into BT's trunk network. All System 4 exchanges are sited at group switching centres. Callers have to dial the full national number of the customer they require, even when making a local call. Reliability of the base stations is high, with service availability measured at about 99·7%.Only one exchange has so far suffered a major breakdown-a brief failure in 1982. The proportion of calls blocked during the busiest hour is targeted at not more than 20%. Traffic is monitored for each base station on tape, and where necessary the channel capacity ofa station can be increased. For greater growth in demand, new base stations can be installed to relieve congestion on neighbouring stations ,as long as there is remaining capacity in the TeKaDe exchange. The exchanges themselves are not capable of expansion beyond 96 channels.
All calls are charged at a uniform rate, although there is a reduction for off-peak calls. International calls are charged at the standard BT rates plus a percentage premium. Information about calls-time, duration, called number-is recorded on tape at the System 4 exchanges and then processed at a central billing centre. Customers get fully itemised quarterly bills, which show national and international called numbers, and identify destinations in the case of national calls.
As already stated, the zonal structure of System 4 means that, in order to make a call to a mobile, it is necessary to know the zone in which the mobile is located so that the appropriate area code can be dialled. The RCEs are not linked, and if a mobile cannot be contacted within the zone covered by the exchange dialled, there are no facilities for forwarding the call to other zones. However, in practice, this has not proved to be a problem, as most System 4 customers opt for only one or two zones: hence there is rarely much scope for doubt about the number to dial. The RCE then selects the base station within its zone through which to route the call. A process akin to radiopaging is used, on one dedicated channel out of the 110 available. This channel is used on a time-division basis by all base stations and is kept free of normal telephony traffic. Each base station is allocated to one of seven groups, in a distribution designed to ensure that the paging signals of no two base stations of the same group can interfere. All mobiles, when switched on but not setting up or carrying a call, automatically tune to the paging channel, and listen for their own number. The paging sequence takes about two seconds for all seven groups. Each base station in a group transmits the number of the mobiles ought plus the designation of a channe1.whichis available for conversation and which it is monitoring. A paged mobile, on receiving its number, responds by switching to that channel and acknowledging the call. Occasionally, the traffic levels are high enough for the paging system to build up a brief queue. The caller then hears a recorded announcement which states that the call will be put through as quickly as possible. Once the link is established, the mobile rings. If the mobile customer does not answer within one minute, the call is abandoned without charge to the fixed caller. Calls which are connected are charged at a uniform rate independent of the location of the fixed customer or the mobile-the same rate as is charged to cellular customers. No charge is payable by the System 4 customer for incoming calls.
INTERCONNECTION WITH TELEPHONE NETWORK
The 4-wire System 4 radio system is connected to the 2-wire telephone network via a special interface. Electronic control is applied to ensure the speech level from both callers is constant and thus achieve maximum audibility by obtaining as good a signal-to-noise ratio on the radio circuit as possible. However, this does have disadvantages. The mobile caller's voice is picked up from the interface and fed back to the mobile via the local control circuitry. Thus, when the fixed caller is not speaking, all noise on the mobile-to-base link is amplified and is also heard on the mobile. System 4 engineers are taking steps to overcome these problems. Customer awareness of these problems has arisen only since the introduction of cellular radio systems, allowing a comparison to be made. But the development of cellular telephones has potential spin-off, notably in the area of miniature companders. The extension of BT's digital trunk network-System 4 currently interfaces with Strowger exchanges should also bring improvements. The significance of these problems should not be overestimated because the single biggest cause of interference with both System 4 and cellular mobile telephony is in poor installation of customers' equipment. Particular care has to be taken with System 4 installation as vehicle panels and chassis parts can produce interference with duplex VHF transmission and reception.
SUPPLY AND MARKETING OF MOBILES
When System 4 was launched, BT ran the network, but customers obtained their mobile equipment from independent suppliers, including Philips, Marconi and Storno. From 1983, however, when it was decided to make System 4 a nationwide service, BT started to market its own range of mobile telephones. The first, Emerald 1, manufactured by Mobira but sold by BT, was introduced in April 1983. A joint development with Philips led to the introduction of the Sapphire in 1984-85, and Quartz (see Figure 4) from Dancall was included in the range from mid-1985.Particular features of the Quartz include:
on or off-hook dialling, audio monitor, last-number recall,99 number store, visible and audible signal to indicate incoming call, service light that shows when mobile is in Radiophone coverage area, handset volume control, three-level electronic security lock to guard against unauthorised use, and dual-tone multi-frequency dialling to allow keypad to be used as access to facilities such as Voicebank®.
Because of the restrictions of the 4-wire/2-wire interface between the RCE and the GSC, hands-free telephones are not currently possible, as these would suffer from audio feedback. The power requirements- 3·5 A at 12 V-also make portable telephones impractical. Some System 4 mobiles have been fitted into briefcases, but these have to be powered from a vehicle lighter socket. BT markets through its own Districts and independent dealers. Over 100 dealers registered users onto the system in 1986. About 40 dealers do significant levels of business, but it is hoped that the number can be increased to 70--80.After the relaunch of System 4 in April 1986, with a reorganised regional structure,it is hoped to expand the number of users in the short term to 12 000. In the longer term,a target of 15 000 is believed reasonable, and up to 18 000 could be accommodated without degrading the level of service.
With its extensive coverage of rural areas, considerable potential is seen for the use of System 4 in public transport. British Rail has experimented with System 4 coin-operated payphones on several Inter-City routes, but has recently decided to standardise on card operated cellular telephones. However, there is interest in providing System 4 radiophones on major provincial routes, where cellular networks have poorer coverage. System 4 payphones are already in use on Sealink Isle of Wight ferries. The telephone was developed by System 4 technical staff from the standard Payphone 200 table top unit. Its operation, apart from the coin-collecting mechanism, differs from normal mobiles in that it continually hunts for a free channel and provides a visual indication when service is available. If another mobile starts to use the selected channel, the service indicator goes out until another channel is found. Further applications are sought on long distance coaches, particularly those not using the motorways which are well covered by the cellular systems, as well as on other ferry routes and on commercial fishing and other coastal vessels. The range of System 4 base stations over sea appears quite extensive-upto 140 km has been reported by one dealer. Several installations have been made on vessels and on gas production rigs which are located close to the coast. There is also believed to be some scope for data transmission via System 4. The technical feasibility has been established: indeed, System 4 scores heavily over cellular radio in this respect. Hand-off between base stations on the cellular radio system, and other control signals, cause an interruption in the conversation, or data stream, for 300 ms. This puts particularly strenuous demands on the modem design.
The System 4 direct-dial radiophone service is a fast and efficient means of communication for business people on the move. The service is available nationwide through a series of seven zones, and utilisation can be tailored to suit individual needs. Calls can be received automatically from any telephone in the UK. The full range of outgoing calls, including international direct dialling facilities, are available. The service is complementary to the cellular radio systems, particularly in the less populated rural areas where it is able to offer excellent coverage.
Jeremy Newton joined BT in 1973 and was appointed Head of System 4 Radiophone in BT's Mobile Communications Division in June 1986. Previously he had been with the Consumer Product Division concerned with sales and marketing support for the distribution network. He is a member of the Institute of Marketing.
Introduction to Radiophone System 4. BT Technical College, Stone, Dec. 1983.WOOD, D. G. A New Mobile Equipment for the Radiophone Service: Development of a 55-Channel Mobile. Post Off. Electr. Engs. l., Apr.1979,72, p. 50.
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The city of San Francisco is one of the largest cities on the West Coast of North America on Earth. It is the location of some of the most important sites related to both Starfleet and the United Federation of Planets.
The bay area which is now San Francisco was first discovered, by Europeans at least, in 1770 by Spanish explorers. Prior to this, notable explorers including Britain's Sir Francis Drake had completely missed it due to the area's foggy weather.
The village of Yerba Buena was established in 1776 on the site that is now the downtown area of San Francisco and became a small base for fur traders of different nationalities. Due to the decline in Spanish power the area remained undeveloped for some years.
In 1822 the serious development by non-Spanish started and areas of Yerba Buena were redeveloped. Until the Mexican-American in 1846 broke out Yerba Buena remained a small town but it claimed in the name of the United States and renamed to San Francisco in 1847.
The gold rush of 1848 meant a boom in population for San Francisco and in less than two years the city grew from 1,000 people to 25,000. Many who came to work in the gold mines travelled from China creating a large Chinatown area which still remains to the present day.
Over time the city grew to be one of the largest cities on Earth and following the Third World War, which ended in 2053, it became an even more important area due to the fact that it had been left relatively unscathed whilst many other major cities had all but perished.
After Zefram Cochrane's test flight of the Phoenix, Earth's first warp capable vessel, in 2063 the city increasingly became the governmental center for new diplomatic cooperation between nations which eventually led to a United Earth, with all nations joining the union by 2150.
In the early 22nd century San Francisco became the home of Starfleet Headquarters, first for the United Earth Starfleet and later continuing as the location of the headquarters of the United Federation of Planets Starfleet.
Following Earth's victory over the Romulans in the Earth-Romulan war in 2160, San Francisco again played host foreign dignatories a year later when in 2161 the United Federation of Planets was founded in the city, establishing its headquarters there.
In many ways the city would become the capital of the Federation, hosting representatives from all of its members in many Federation Council buildings and being home to the office of the Federation President for many years before moving to Paris a city also on Earth. Many of the Federation and Starfleet's agencies and offices can also be found in San Francisco or the surrounding area.
Climate and Geography
Being surrounded by water on three sides the climate in San Francisco is strongly linked to the cool currents of the Pacific Ocean. The weather is mild is all year round and while the Summer is generally dry the Winter can be naturally very wet. Due to the introduction of climate control techniques which continue to evolve today, increasingly areas such as San Francisco see their precipitation and temperatures regulated to ensure the best enivironment for the inhabitants.
Sitting near the San Andreas Fault, over its history the city has been are the center of major earth quakes. In 1906 there was a devastating earth quake but there have been other notable quakes on many occasions since then. Better technology has provided better control of these seismic disturbances and while today the possibility of an earth quake is not totally eliminated it is much more unlikely.
San Francisco is home to the following installations:
- Starfleet Headquarters
- Departments of Starfleet Academy
- Federation Council Offices
- Starfleet Medical
The city is also home to many embassies and diplomatic offices associated with both Federation members and other races.
This article is incomplete, it either requires further information, correct formatting or both.
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President Duterte’s economic team is now working hard to raise additional funds by using the government’s arsenal of fiscal and monetary tools and tapping concessional financing options from multilateral institutions to keep the economy afloat and help it bounce back quickly once the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is over, Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III said.
Dominguez said this economic bounce-back plan is among the four pillars of the Duterte administration’s socioeconomic strategy against COVID-19, which also covers the emergency support for the poor and other vulnerable groups, the resources needed to fight the pandemic, and the fiscal and monetary actions to fund emergency initiatives and keep the economy afloat amid the global health crisis spawned by this highly contagious virus.
This new set of government priorities will require around P1.17 trillion-worth of fiscal, budgetary and monetary measures, of which almost a third or around 1.6 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), will go to emergency subsidies for poor and low-income households plus other vulnerable groups suffering the most from the pandemic’s economic hit.
Dominguez said the Duterte administration’s flagship projects under the “Build, Build, Build” program will continue and will not be downgraded, as this will primarily “fuel our bounce back plan.”
“Right now, the government has sufficient funds to implement the program as the President announced it and as provided in the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act. I think what the President was referring to was the need in the future for additional funds to restart the economy. And definitely we in the Department of Finance (DOF) together with the other economic managers, are working very hard to make sure that not only do we have the sufficient funds for this contagion now, but we will have sufficient funds for our bounce back plan when this COVID-19 contagion is over,” Dominguez said in a phone patch interview with CNN Philippines on Monday morning.
Dominguez was referring to a query about the President’s earlier instructions to him to raise more funds for the government to ease the social and economic impact of COVID-19 on the Filipino people.
On top of providing economic relief for poor families, Dominguez said the needs of the middle class who are regularly employed have also been initially addressed under Republic Act (RA) No. 11469 or the Bayanihan Law through the grant of grace periods or extensions for them to pay their amortizations and other forms of loans.
“Those (provisions under the Bayanihan law) are designed primarily for the middle class because it’s the middle class that has housing loans, it’s the middle class that have credit card loans, etcetera,” Dominguez said.
Those belonging to the middle class who are part of small businesses are covered by the emergency subsidy package rolled out by the government, in the form of wage subsidies amounting to P35 billion, among other forms of relief assistance, Dominguez said.
He also said the government will unveil an assistance package for the middle class employed or operating micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), including a loan guarantee program for them.
As for ending the Luzon-wide Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) that was imposed to stop the spread of COVID-19, Dominguez said the government must study this “very carefully” and weigh the potential risks, such as the possibility of additional infections and fatalities that could overwhelm the local healthcare system.
Asked whether the government can manage an ECQ extension that will last until June, Dominguez said: “We will make sure that there will be enough funds to support those decisions. We are watching this very carefully and we are moving very conservatively.”
Under the Duterte administration’s four-pillar strategy against COVID-19, the emergency support for vulnerable sectors will cover around P305.2 billion of the government’s P1.17 trillion package of measures.
This includes the P205 billion needed to provide subsidies of P5,000 to P8,000 for two months to 18 million poor and low-income families hit the hardest by the economic impact of COVID-19.
The government will also be marshalling around P35.72 billion of its resources to defeat COVID-19.
This amount will cover the health insurance for COVID-19 patients; special risk allowances and hazard pay for frontline health workers in public hospitals; purchase of personal protective equipment (PPEs) and other essential medical supplies for frontliners; and increased testing and improved capacity of the healthcare system, among others.
Fiscal and monetary measures, which will benefit every Filipino by raising funds for emergency initiatives and injecting more liquidity into the economy, will amount to about P830.47 billion.
This pillar includes accessing additional funds of up to P310 billion from multilateral institutions such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB); the purchase by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) of P300 billion-worth of government securities under a repurchase agreement with the Bureau of the Treasury (BTr); the lowering of interest rates and the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) for banks, which is expected to pump an extra P220 billion into the economy; and the extension of tax-compliance deadlines and exemption from the documentary stamp tax (DST) for credit extensions or restructuring of loan payments, which will cost around P470 million.
The fourth pillar, which covers the economic recovery plan under a post-ECQ scenario, is now being designed by the economic team headed by Dominguez.
This team is currently conducting a nationwide survey to assess the economic damage wrought by COVID-19, especially on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs).
Continuing the government’s investments on its “Build, Build, Build” program and its increased spending on social services is part of this fourth pillar to help revive the economy and sustain growth.
Dominguez said government is “financially able” to meet these massive funding requirements to fight COVID-19 because President Duterte has “managed the economy in a very rational way.”
He pointed out, for instance, that while the government has increased its revenue effort to 16.9 percent in 2019, which is the highest in 22 years, the President has ordered that public funds should only be spent on projects that are “economically viable.”
“So we are in a very strong financial position now. We are in a good position to take this hit from this COVID-19 problem,” Dominguez said.
He said the judicious spending policy set in place by President Duterte has kept the country’s macroeconomic fundamentals strong, with GDP growth averaging 6.4 percent since the Chief Executive assumed office in 2016.
Inflation has also remained low at 2.5 percent in March, which is within the 2020 target of 2 to 4 percent.
Dominguez said the Philippines has also maintained a manageable debt-to-GDP ratio of 41.5 percent in 2019, which is a vast improvement from the 70 percent in the past.
The Philippines’ 2019 debt-to-GDP ratio is also very low compared to other economies in the region, where one country’s debt has crept past 80 percent of its GDP, he added.
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THE RELIGIOUS WRITINGS OF FOLLOWERS OF THE WAY:
HA-HAFTSAROT ‘THE EXHORTATIONS’
If you ever have any questions about what you read, or if you profoundly disagree with anything, please email me at firstname.lastname@example.org
The Exhortations is our equivalent of the New Testament, but does not have any scriptural authority; the only scriptural authority for Talmidis is the Galilean canon of the Hebrew Bible; you do not have to agree with The Exhortations in order to call oneself a Talmidi.
With the exception of the ‘Letter of Ya`aqov Nasi to the Communities Abroad’ (now called ‘The Epistle of St James’), virtually nothing survives of what the earliest Followers of the Way wrote.
Yet the first Jewish followers of Yeshua` must have written other things – it’s only logical. Consider this: Every human being who can read and write, will at some stage set down their thoughts in words on a page. And every religious community that has ever existed has committed its beliefs and teachings to some kind of written form. We cannot avoid but logically assume that the Jewish followers of Yeshua` must have also committed something of their teachings to writing. If nothing survives of these writings, we must assume that they were either lost, or deliberately destroyed by others.
The Purpose Of Talmidi Religious Writings
The sole source of scriptural authority for Followers of the Way, is The Torah & The Prophets(or Miqra – the Hebrew Bible, what Christians call ‘The Old Testament’). However, modern Followers have built up a body of texts collectively called ‘The Exhortations’, or ‘Ha-Haftsarot’in Hebrew. They are not intended as scriptural authority, rather as spiritual inspiration.
Nor or they intended to be word-for-word reproductions of ancient works. Although for the most part, sayings are faithfully reproduced, any passages which are not in keeping with Yahwist theology have been either amended or deleted.
The Exhortations contain 14 works, with the intention of being a vehicle by which ancient Talmidi viewpoints could be recorded and transmitted to future generations; to act as a collection of books through which ancient and modern Talmidi theology can be expounded; and to act as a source of spiritual inspiration and uplift for modern Talmidis.
The Contents of ‘The Exhortations’
(to see the texts of each of these works, click on the embedded links, or on the appropriate title to the left of this page)
This book contains an account of the ministry of Yochanan the Immerser (‘John the Baptist’). It is important because Talmidis believe that he was the prophet promised by Malachi, who would teach in the spirit of the Prophet Elijah, and who would come before the ‘Day of YHVH’ (which in his time referred to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple in 70 CE, and the eventual exile of the Jewish people under the Romans). He was called by God to undertake a ministry of immersion, to make people realise that it wasn’t blood sacrifices that effected the forgiveness of sin, but a penitent heart; that ‘the heart had to be purified by repentance, before the body could be purified by water.’
This is a simple collection of the sayings or ethics of Yeshua` of Natsareth. It is an attempt to reconstruct the so-called ‘Q-Gospel’ – the source of the common sayings found in the gospels of Matthew and Luke, at its earliest Q1 layer.
This is a collection of sayings drawn from the gospels of Mark, Matthew, Luke, and Thomas; it contains all the sayings of Yeshua` from the gospels which scholars have deemed are of Jewish origin. Many of the gospel sayings have been re-Judaised, in an attempt to reconstruct their original Jewish milieu. Yeshua` is therefore portrayed as a human prophet called by God to warn people of the coming destruction and consequent exile. Most of the sayings are as they are in the gospels, however, the contexts of many of them have been reworked to better represent their probably original life-situation.
This is the story of the last week of Yeshua’s life told from a Jewish perspective. This book contains the common narrative threads found in all the ‘Passion’ accounts. He is portrayed, not as a god-man who died to save us from our sins, but rather as a Jewish prophet who was cruelly put to death at the hands of the Roman authorities. Whereas the New Testament is heavily anti-Semitic in this regard, this book attempts to redress 2,000 years of bias.
This is drawn from an ancient Koine Greek mansucript known as the Didache (‘the Teaching’). It is a reconstruction of what may have been a manual for Gentile converts to The Way, to familiarise them with its teachings and practices.
This is the ‘Letter of St James’ from the New Testament, in a slightly different format – paragraphs have been completely rearranged to make the themes of the letter flow more naturally. Jacob the Pious (‘St James’) was the leader of the ancient community of Followers, much respected as a pious and holy man.
This replaces the part that ‘The Book of Acts’ plays in the New Testament. Rather than focussing on Paul of Tarsus, as Acts does, it concentrates instead on Jacob the Pious (‘St James the Just’). This book draws heavily from the ‘Ascents of James’, and other extent ancient sources about Jacob the Pious. Since no account of his life remains, this work was intended to stand as a memorial to him, to put across his devotion to God and holy way of life. Ancient Followers believed that his prayers stayed or at least delayed the destruction of Jerusalem. Within 4 years of his death, the Jewish Revolt began; within 8 years, the Temple was gone.
This is drawn from the Jewish parts of the ‘Book of Revelation’ in the New Testament. The ‘day of wrath and destruction’ is understood as referring to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple, and the ultimate exile of the Jewish people from the Land of Israel.
This is a collection of Laments, seeking to understand the causes of the Destruction and the Roman Exile, but ultimately portrays an unshakeable faith in God, despite what has happened. The Zealots are heavily condemned as being the main cause of the defilement of the sanctity of the Temple; it conveys the belief that the Temple was destroyed because the reputation of God’s holiness had been defiled, and the exile was necessary so that the sanctity of God’s holy city could be restored.
This is the story of the term of office of Shimon son of Qlofas as head (Nasi) of the Jewish community of Yeshua`’s Followers. It tells the story of his visions, and of how he led the community to escape from Jerusalem to Pella before the First Jewish-Roman War of 66-73 CE. It continues after him to the last Nasi of the community, Yudah Nasi.
These particular psalms are taken from the Dead Sea Scrolls, believed by some to be Ebionite hymns.
Although the Book of the Wisdom of Jesus ben Sira (also known as the Book of Ecclesiasticus), was not written by Followers of the Way, many of its sayings resonate with the ethics of Talmidaism. The chosen sayings included in this book are those which also accord with the mindset of Talmidaism – sayings which would have inspired ancient Followers.
The setting of this book is the Bar Kochba Revolt in 135CE, and the final extinction of the line of Nasis (religious presidents), of which Jacob the Pious was the first, and Judah was the last. It contains warnings of the kind of immorality to avoid, and the kind of righteous and pious way of life to aspire to. Much of its content is drawn from the ‘Testament of the 12 Patriarchs’.
This book replaces all the pastoral letters in the New Testament. It is basically a collection of sayings and parables, drawn together to provide a thought-provoking source of wisdom for modern Talmidis. Of all the books, it is the one book which, over time, it is hoped will be added to.
(to see the texts of each of these works, click on the emedded links, or on the appropriate title to the left of this page)
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Transgenic Models of Cancer
Professor Karen Blyth
Head of Transgenic Models of Cancer Facility
The Transgenic Models of Cancer lab uses in vivo models to recapitulate human cancer and interrogate all aspects of disease progression within a biological context (from early disease through to metastasis and recurrence). Validating in vitro discoveries in physiologically relevant models in this way will expedite novel therapeutic approaches for patient benefit. The group has expertise in modelling different cancer types using state-of-the art genetic and refined transplantation models to interrogate how oncogenic pathways, altered metabolism and the tumour microenvironment contribute to cancer.
The Beatson Institute is renowned for its application of in vivo modelling to address key cancer questions. At the core of this is the Transgenic Models Lab, headed by Karen Blyth, which facilitates collaborative science with many of our colleagues at the Beatson Institute, University of Glasgow, as well as external research groups. Cancers spontaneously grow at their site of origin, invade surrounding tissue and colonise distant organs which occurs through a complex array of processes, and which can be distinct between different tumour types. So interrogating aspects of this multifaceted behaviour in a plastic dish has obvious limitations. It is important therefore to use physiologically relevant models in which tumours arise and mature in their natural environment. In this way, tumour cells directly and spatially co-evolve with stromal fibroblasts, immune cells and the endothelium recapitulating a more accurate tumour microenvironment, are exposed to metabolic limiting conditions, and have to negotiate biological barriers in order to metastasise. Furthermore, many anti-cancer drugs fail in the clinic because although they are effective in simplified tissue culture models, the nuances of taking these drugs into the whole animal setting cannot be ignored.
Karen Blyth also leads the In Vivo Cancer Biology research group.
Humpton TJ, Nomura K, Weber J, Magnussen HM, Hock AK, Nixon C, Dhayade S, Stevenson D, Huang DT, Strathdee D, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Differential requirements for MDM2 E3 activity during embryogenesis and in adult mice. Genes & development. 2021;35(1-2):117-132.
Latif AL, Newcombe A, Li S, Gilroy K, Robertson NA, Lei X, Stewart HJS, Cole J, Terradas MT, Rishi L, McGarry L, McKeeve C, Reid C, Clark W, Campos J, Kirschner K, Davis A, Lopez J, Sakamaki JI, Morton JP, et al. BRD4-mediated repression of p53 is a target for combination therapy in AML. Nat Commun. 2021;12:241.
Nacke M, Sandilands E, Nikolatou K, Román-Fernández Á, Mason S, Patel R, Lilla S, Yelland T, Galbraith LCA, Freckmann EC, McGarry L, Morton JP, Shanks E, Leung HY, Markert E, Ismail S, Zanivan S, Blyth K, Bryant DM. An ARF GTPase module promoting invasion and metastasis through regulating phosphoinositide metabolism. Nat Commun. 2021;12:1623.
Newman AC, Falcone M, Huerta Uribe A, Zhang T, Athineos D, Pietzke M, Vazquez A, Blyth K, Maddocks ODK. Immune-regulated IDO1-dependent tryptophan metabolism is source of one-carbon units for pancreatic cancer and stellate cells. Mol Cell. 2021:81;2290-2302
Tajan M, Hennequart M, Cheung EC, Zani F, Hock AK, Legrave N, Maddocks ODK, Ridgway RA, Athineos D, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ludwig RL, Novellasdemunt L, Angelis N, Li VSW, Vlachogiannis G, Valeri N, Mainolfi N, Suri V, Friedman A, Manfredi M, et al. Serine synthesis pathway inhibition cooperates with dietary serine and glycine limitation for cancer therapy. Nat Commun. 2021;12:366.
Blagih J, Zani F, Chakravarty P, Hennequart M, Pilley S, Hobor S, Hock AK, Walton JB, Morton JP, Gronroos E, Mason S, Yang M, McNeish I, Swanton C, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Cancer-Specific Loss of p53 Leads to a Modulation of Myeloid and T Cell Responses. Cell reports. 2020;30:481-496.e486.
Campbell KJ, Blyth K Somatic base editing to model oncogenic drivers in breast cancer Lab Anim. 2020; 49: 115–116
Caraffini V, Geiger O, Rosenberger A, Hatzl S, Perfler B, Berg JL, Lim C, Strobl H, Kashofer K, Schauer S, Beham-Schmid C, Hoefler G, Geissler K, Quehenberger F, Kolch W, Athineos D, Blyth K, Wolfler A, Sill H, Zebisch A. Loss of RAF kinase inhibitor protein is involved in myelomonocytic differentiation and aggravates RAS-driven myeloid leukemogenesis. Haematologica. 2020;
Cheung EC, DeNicola GM, Nixon C, Blyth K, Labuschagne CF, Tuveson DA, Vousden KH. Dynamic ROS Control by TIGAR Regulates the Initiation and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer cell. 2020; 37: 168-182
Dhayade S, Pietzke M, Wiesheu R, Tait-Mulder J, Athineos D, Sumpton D, Coffelt S, Blyth K, Vazquez A. Impact of Formate Supplementation on Body Weight and Plasma Amino Acids. Nutrients. 2020; 12(8):2181.
Lie ALM, Mevel R, Patel R, Blyth K, Baena E, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. RUNX1 Dosage in Development and Cancer. Mol Cells. 2020; 43: 126-128
Loveridge CJ, Slater S, Campbell KJ, Nam NA, Knight J, Ahmad I, Hedley A, Lilla S, Repiscak P, Patel R, Salji M, Fleming J, Mitchell L, Nixon C, Strathdee D, Neilson M, Ntala C, Bryson S, Zanivan S, Edwards J, Robson CN, Goodyear CS, Blyth K, Leung HY. BRF1 accelerates prostate tumourigenesis and perturbs immune infiltration. Oncogene. 2020; 39: 1797–1806
MacKenzie DJ, Robertson NA, Rather I, Reid C, Sendzikaite G, Cruickshanks H, McBryan T, Hodges A, Pritchard C, Blyth K, Adams PD. DNMT3B Oncogenic Activity in Human Intestinal Cancer Is Not Linked to CIMP or BRAFV600E Mutation. iScience. 2020;23:100838-100838.
Millar R, Kilbey A, Remak SJ, Severson TM, Dhayade S, Sandilands E, Foster K, Bryant DM, Blyth K, Coffelt SB. The MSP-RON axis stimulates cancer cell growth in models of triple negative breast cancer. Molecular oncology. 2020;10.1002/1878-0261.12734.
Oizel K, Tait-Mulder J, Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz J, Pietzke M, Brunton H, Lilla S, Dhayade S, Athineos D, Blanco GR, Sumpton D, Mackay GM, Blyth K, Zanivan SR, Meiser J, Vazquez A. Formate induces a metabolic switch in nucleotide and energy metabolism. Cell death & disease. 2020;11:310.
Ran R, Harrison H, Syamimi Ariffin N, Ayub R, Pegg HJ, Deng W, Mastro A, Ottewell PD, Mason SM, Blyth K, Holen I, Shore P. A role for CBFbeta in maintaining the metastatic phenotype of breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2020; 39: 2624–2637
Rooney N, Mason SM, McDonald L, Däbritz JHM, Campbell KJ, Hedley A, Howard S, Athineos D, Nixon C, Clark W, Leach JDG, Sansom OJ, Edwards J, Cameron ER, Blyth K RUNX1 is a driver of renal cell carcinoma correlating with clinical outcome Cancer Res. 2020;
Rudzka DA, Mason S, Neilson M, McGarry L, Kalna G, Hedley A, Blyth K, Olson MF. Selection of established tumour cells through narrow diameter micropores enriches for elevated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK MAPK signalling and enhanced tumour growth. Small GTPases. 2020;10.1080/21541248.2020.1780108:1-17.
Sweeney K, Cameron ER, Blyth K. Complex Interplay between the RUNX Transcription Factors and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Cancer: A Tango in the Night. Molecules and cells. 2020; 43: 188-197
Hassan S, Purdie KJ, Wang J, Harwood CA, Proby CM, Pourreyron C, Mladkova N, Nagano A, Dhayade S, Athineos D, Caley M, Mannella V, Blyth K, Inman GJ, Leigh IM. A Unique Panel of Patient-Derived Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines Provides a Preclinical Pathway for Therapeutic Testing. International journal of molecular sciences. 2019; 20: 3428
Johnson SA, Ormsby MJ, McIntosh A, Tait SWG, Blyth K, Wall DM. Increasing the bactofection capacity of a mammalian expression vector by removal of the f1 ori. Cancer Gene Ther. 2019; 26: 183–194
Liko D, Mitchell L, Campbell KJ, Ridgway RA, Jones C, Dudek K, King A, Bryson S, Stevenson D, Blyth K, Strathdee D, Morton JP, Bird TG, Knight JRP, Willis AE, Sansom OJ. Brf1 loss and not overexpression disrupts tissues homeostasis in the intestine, liver and pancreas. Cell Death Differ. 2019; 26: 2535–2550
Rudzka DA, Spennati G, McGarry DJ, Chim YH, Neilson M, Ptak A, Munro J, Kalna G, Hedley A, Moralli D, Green C, Mason S, Blyth K, Mullin M, Yin H, Olson MF. Migration through physical constraints is enabled by MAPK-induced cell softening via actin cytoskeleton re-organization. Journal of cell science. 2019; 132:
Vande Voorde J, Ackermann T, Pfetzer N, Sumpton D, Mackay G, Kalna G, Nixon C, Blyth K, Gottlieb E, Tardito S. Improving the metabolic fidelity of cancer models with a physiological cell culture medium. Science Advances 2019; 5: eaau7314
Campbell KJ, Dhayade S, Ferrari N, Sims AH, Johnson E, Mason SM, Dickson A, Ryan KM, Kalna G, Edwards J, Tait SWG, Blyth K. MCL-1 is a prognostic indicator and drug target in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:19
McCarroll CS, He W, Foote K, Bradley A, McGlynn K, Vidler F, Nixon C, Nather K, Fattah C, Riddell A, Bowman P, Elliott EB, Bell M, Hawksby C, MacKenzie SM, et al. Runx1 Deficiency Protects Against Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2018; 137: 57-70.
Meiser J, Schuster A, Pietzke M, Vande Voorde J, Athineos D, Oizel K, Burgos-Barragan G, Wit N, Dhayade S, Morton JP, Dornier E, Sumpton D, Mackay GM, Blyth K, Patel KJ, et al. Increased formate overflow is a hallmark of oxidative cancer. Nat Commun. 2018; 9: 1368.
Novo D, Heath N, Mitchell L, Caligiuri G, MacFarlane A, Reijmer D, Charlton L, Knight J, Calka M, McGhee E, Dornier E, Sumpton D, Mason S, Echard A, Klinkert K, et al. Mutant p53s generate pro-invasive niches by influencing exosome podocalyxin levels. Nat Commun 2018; 9: 5069.
Bulusu V, Tumanov S, Michalopoulou E, van den Broek NJ, MacKay G, Nixon C, Dhayade S, Schug ZT, Vande Voorde J, Blyth K, Gottlieb E, Vazquez A, Kamphorst JJ. Acetate Recapturing by Nuclear Acetyl-CoA Synthetase 2 Prevents Loss of Histone Acetylation during Oxygen and Serum Limitation. Cell Rep 2017; 18: 647-58
Dornier E, Rabas N, Mitchell L, Novo D, Dhayade S, Marco S, Mackay G, Sumpton D, Pallares M, Nixon C, Blyth K, Macpherson I, Rainero E, Norman JC. Glutaminolysis drives membrane trafficking to promote cancer invasion. Nat Commun 2017; 8: 2255.
Giampazolias E, Zunino B, Dhayade S, Bock F, Cloix C, Cao K, Roca A, Lopez J, Ichim G, Proics E, Rubio-Patino C, Fort L, Yatim N, Woodham E, Orozco S, Taraborrelli L, Peltzer N, Lecis D, Machesky L, Walczak H et al. Mitochondrial permeabilization engages NF-kappaB-dependent anti-tumour activity under caspase deficiency. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19: 1116-29
Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Ruengeler E, Casazza A, Neilson LJ, Pulleine E, Santi A, Ismail S, Lilla S, Dhayade S, MacPherson IR, McNeish I, Ennis D, Ali H, Kugeratski FG, Al Khamici H, van den Biggelaar M, van den Berghe PV, Cloix C, McDonald L, Millan D et al. Secreted CLIC3 drives cancer progression through its glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase activity. 2017 Nat Commun 8: 14206
Hock AK, Cheung EC, Humpton TJ, Monteverde T, Paulus-Hock V, Lee P, McGhee E, Scopelliti A, Murphy DJ, Strathdee D, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Development of an inducible mouse model of iRFP713 to track recombinase activity and tumour development in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 1837
Loveridge CJ, Mui EJ, Patel R, Tan EH, Ahmad I, Welsh M, Galbraith J, Hedley A, Nixon C, Blyth K, Sansom O, Leung HY. Increased T-cell Infiltration Elicited by Erk5 Deletion in a Pten-Deficient Mouse Model of Prostate Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77: 3158-68
Loveridge CJ, van 't Hof RJ, Charlesworth G, King A, Tan EH, Rose L, Daroszewska A, Prior A, Ahmad I, Welsh M, Mui EJ, Ford C, Salji M, Sansom O, Blyth K, Leung HY. Analysis of Nkx3.1:Cre-driven Erk5 deletion reveals a profound spinal deformity which is linked to increased osteoclast activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 13241
Maddocks ODK, Athineos D, Cheung EC, Lee P, Zhang T, van den Broek NJF, Mackay GM, Labuschagne CF, Gay D, Kruiswijk F, Blagih J, Vincent DF, Campbell KJ, Ceteci F, Sansom OJ, Blyth K, Vousden KH. Modulating the therapeutic response of tumours to dietary serine and glycine starvation. Nature 2017; 544: 372-6
Reid SE, Kay EJ, Neilson LJ, Henze AT, Serneels J, McGhee EJ, Dhayade S, Nixon C, Mackey JB, Santi A, Swaminathan K, Athineos D, Papalazarou V, Patella F, Roman-Fernandez A, ElMaghloob Y, Hernandez-Fernaud JR, Adams RH, Ismail S, Bryant DM et al. Tumor matrix stiffness promotes metastatic cancer cell interaction with the endothelium. EMBO J 2017; 36: 2373-89
van Tuyn J, Jaber-Hijazi F, MacKenzie D, Cole JJ, Mann E, Pawlikowski JS, Singh Rai T, Nelson DM, McBryan T, Ivanov A, Blyth K, Wu H, Milling S, Adams PD. Oncogene-Expressing Senescent Melanocytes Upregulate Mhc Class Ii, A Candidate Melanoma Suppressor Function. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137: 2197-207
Walton JB, Farquharson M, Mason S, Port J, Kruspig B, Dowson S, Stevenson D, Murphy D, Matzuk M, Kim J, Coffelt S, Blyth K, McNeish IA.
CRISPR/Cas9-derived models of ovarian high grade serous carcinoma targeting Brca1, Pten and Nf1, and correlation with platinum sensitivity. Sci Rep 2017;7: 16827
Weigert M, Binks A, Dowson S, Leung EYL, Athineos D, Yu X, Mullin M, Walton JB, Orange C, Ennis D, Blyth K, Tait SWG, McNeish IA. RIPK3 promotes adenovirus type 5 activity. Cell Death and Disease 2017; 8: 3206
Holen I, Speirs V, Morrissey B, Blyth K. In vivo models in breast cancer research: progress, challenges and future directions. Dis Model Mech 2017; 10: 359-71
Morrissey B, Blyth K, Carter P, Chelala C, Jones L, Holen I, Speirs V. The Sharing Experimental Animal Resources, Coordinating Holdings (SEARCH) Framework: Encouraging Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement in Animal Research. PLoS Biol 2017 15: e2000719
Riggio AI, Blyth K. The Enigmatic Role of RUNX1 in Female-Related Cancers: Current Knowledge & Future Perspectives. FEBS J 2017; 284: 2345-62
Rooney N, Riggio AI, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Shore P, Cameron ER, Blyth K. Runx Genes in Breast Cancer and the Mammary Lineage. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 962: 353-68
Birch J, Clarke CJ, Campbell AD, Campbell K, Mitchell L, Liko D, Kalna G, Strathdee D, Sansom OJ, Neilson M, Blyth K, Norman JC. The initiator methionine tRNA drives cell migration and invasion leading to increased metastatic potential in melanoma. Biol Open.
Meiser J, Tumanov S, Maddocks O, Labuschagne CF, Athineos D, Van Den Broek N, Mackay GM, Gottlieb E, Blyth K, Vousden K, Kamphorst JJ, Vazquez A. Serine one-carbon catabolism with formate overflow. Science Advances 2: e1601273, 2016
Morrissey B, Blyth K, Carter P, Chelala C, Jones L, Holen I, Speirs V. SEARCHBreast: a new online resource to make surplus material from in vivo models of breast cancer visible and accessible to researchers. Breast Cancer Res 2016;18: 59.
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Subsurface Utility/Service Location
TerraVac’s Utility Locators are able to locate buried services through consultation with DBYD maps, onsite tell-tale signs of services (service pits, control cabinets etc.), EMI location (ElectroMagnetic Induction), GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) and Potholing via Vacuum Excavation to find the services you are looking for. Vacuum Excavation and service location go hand in hand, to locate, pothole and prove the exact location of underground utilitys, saving our Clients money and time. In visually establishing the identity and location of the service, it substantially eliminates the risk of striking the underground assets and assists when planning projects.
Keep in mind that certain Service Providers require Potholing (Class A Locate) when working in the vacinity of their service since maps can be very inaccurate, or may be missing entirely.
TerraVac Utility Provider Certifications/Approvals:
- Telstra Approved Plant Locator (APL)
- ATCO High Pressure (HP) Supervison
AS 5488-2013 CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSURFACE UTILITY INFORMATION (SUI)
This Standard provides a framework for the classification of subsurface utility location and attributes information in terms of specified quality levels. The objective of this Standard is to provide utility owners, operators and locators with a framework for the consistent classification of information concerning subsurface utilities. Project risks related to underground utilities can then be properly managed.
A quality level describes the amount and accuracy of information that is collected or held on a subsurface utility. There are four quality levels—D, C, B and A.
Class A: Information is the highest possible level of accuracy and is obtained by exposing the underground utility using a non-destructive excavation (potholing) technique. The vertical information for this locating method is to the top or shallowest part of the located service. The 3D location is recorded by survey as an X, Y, Z coordinate.
Class B: Information is collected by designating the horizontal and vertical location of underground utilities by using electromagnetic pipe and cable locators, sondes or flexi-trace, ground penetrating radar and acoustic pulse equipment. This is the most common form of utility locating and although an X, Y and Z axis can be established it is not always entirely accurate due to differing electromagnetic fields, soil conditions and multiple banks of cables affecting the locating signal.
Class C: Information is collected by correlating the survey of visible utility surface features such as marker plates or water hydrants and acquired dial-before-you-dig plans to “draw” a string which shows the approximate position of services. This method does not usually show multiple banks of cables and does not always show three-dimensional information.
Class D: Information is the most basic level of utility locations using only information based on existing Dial-Before-You-Dig plans and by measuring boundary offsets etc. This method of utility locations should always be treated as an indication of the presence of a service only and should not be used for design.
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Wireless networks are a paradise of hackers. Though you have performed WiFi range extender setup to increase the range and coverage of existing network, what do you do to protect it? Unfortunately, with an epidemic rise in technology, hackers are also becoming smarter than ever. They make use of smart devices to get their hands on users’ WiFi connection.
Whilst a number of people have fallen victim to having their home network hacked, you have the opportunity right now to protect your wireless connection from hijackers. Here are top 7 tips to keep hackers away from your network. Let’s take a glance at them.
WiFi security tips
- Change your router’s settings
As it is router that is transmitting wireless signals throughout the home, so make it secure firstly. In order to change its settings, one must need to log in to mywifiext.net Users can also get advantage from Netgear genie setup to get the job done.
When you install new extender setup, you can then modify settings as per your choice. It’s suggested you to create a strong and hard-to-guess admin password. Also, keep a full control over which wired or wireless devices are connected to your network, the firewall of router, and which websites are allowed or blocked.
During Netgear extender setup, make sure that the main access point makes use of WPA2 encryption. Let’s tell you that it is the most secured encryption type. No hacker can steal your confidential data or enter your network once it is enabled.
- Access admin panel with Ethernet
In order to log into the admin panel, enter IP address, username and password. The process is quite easy, isn’t it? But when you log in wirelessly, all your login details will be sent over the air which makes it easy for hackers to steal your data. In case you log in while connected via Ethernet, you can eliminate the risk.
- Change the default network name
The next point to save yourself from hacking is the SSID that shows when you see in-range WiFi networks. A number of routers come with default network names depending upon their brand. As we mentioned above, hackers have become smarter than ever. So, if they know which brand of router you own, it becomes a piece of cake for them to break and enter your network. Therefore, change the network name immediately.
- Enable router firewall
When you go through the process of WiFi extender setup, it is recommended to enable firewall right away. It analyzes the incoming data and blocks unsafe things. A number of routers come with the default firewall feature. Although it is enabled by default, make yourself sure once that it is turned on.
- Shut down your network when not in use
This is the best advice for those who use their network on particular circumstances. In case your network doesn’t need to be running 24 hours, you can turn it off when not in use by reducing the availability of it to snoopers. There are many users who never turn off their network but this can put their data at risk. So, simply turn it off when not in use.
- Keep a watch over your network
Make sure to continuously monitor your WiFi connection to have a full control over what is going on it. The more you have an access of what hijackers are trying to do, the better your security is. Make a collection of logs on access and scan attempts and set up the logging server to send you an email when any malicious activity happens.
- Update your router to the latest version
Last but not the least, keeping your router updated can save you and your network from snoopers or cyber terrorists. Outdated firmware may have unpatched security holes that can lead to data stealing. Also, they have no extra features that can affect overall wireless security. Therefore, you must install the latest firmware from time to time.
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The American Platinum Eagle was first issued in 1997, as an extension of the American Eagle Bullion Program. The platinum coin was added to the existing offerings in gold and silver which had been previously introduced in 1986. The Platinum Eagle is the first and only investment grade platinum coin issued by the United States Mint.
The obverse design of the coin features a rendition of the Statue of Liberty designed by John Mercanti. It bears the inscriptions “Liberty”, “E Pluribus Unum”, and “In God We Trust” as well as the date.
The reverse design of the bullion coins features a soaring Bald Eagle against a rising sun designed by Thomas D. Rodgers Sr. The inscriptions include “United States of America”, “.995 Platinum”, the denomination, and platinum content. From 1998 to date, numismatic versions of the coins have featured annually rotating reverse designs created by various artists.
Four Different Denominations
During the course of the series, the American Platinum Eagle coins have been offered in four different sizes. Each contains its indicated weight in pure platinum and carries a legal tender face value.
- 1 ounce : $100 face value
- 1/2 ounce: $50 face value
- 1/4 ounce: $25 face value
- 1/10 ounce: $10 face value
The four denominations were offered for both bullion coins and collectible proof coins from the introduction of the series in 1997 until 2008. The collectible uncirculated coins were available across all four options from 2006 to 2008. From 2009 present the proof coins have been offered in one ounce size only. The bullion coins were not produced from 2009 to 2013, but resumed in 2014 in one ounce size only.
Purchasing Platinum Eagles
Similar to Gold and Silver Eagle bullion coins, Platinum Eagle bullion coins are not sold directly to the public. The United States Mint distributes the coins through a network of authorized purchasers who in turn resell the coins to other dealers or the public, as well as establish a two way market for the coins. There is no legal requirement for the US Mint to produce platinum bullion coins each year.
Since the beginning of the series, the United States Mint has offered collectible proof versions of the coins for sale directly to the public. Initially, each denomination was offered for sale individually, or as part of a four coin set. For the first year of issue in 1997, the US Mint offered a special “Impressions of Liberty” set containing one ounce 1997 Proof Gold, Silver, and Platinum Eagle coins. Starting in 1998, a series of annually rotating reverse designs were used frequently surrounding different multi-year themes.
From 2006 to 2008, the US Mint offered collectible uncirculated versions of the coins directly to the public. These coins were offered in all four denominations, for sale individually or as a four coin set. The coins differ from the bullion coins by the inclusion of the “W” mint mark and the use of the rotating reverse designs also used on proof coins.
Composition and Specifications
Platinum Eagles are the only platinum bullion coins with their weight, content, and purity guaranteed by the US Government. The composition of each coin is .9995 fine platinum.
The $100 face value coins have a weight of 1.0005 troy ounces yielding a weight of one pure ounce of platinum. The diameter of the coin is 32.7 mm with a thickness of 2.39 mm. The $50 face value coins have a weight of 0.5003 troy ounces with diameter of 27 mm and thickness of 1.75 mm. The $25 coins have a weight of 0.2501 ounces with a diameter of 22 mm. The smallest $10 coins weigh 0.1001 troy ounces and have a diameter of 16.5 mm.
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May 24, 2019 · Why Canadian heavy oil prices are falling faster than global crude benchmarks As oil price differentials rise, expect railway movements to hit new record … Crude Oil Price Today | WTI OIL PRICE CHART | OIL PRICE ... The price of oil is the most important value on the international commodity markets. Crude oil is the most important commodity and emerging industrial markets such as China, India and Latin Price of oil - Wikipedia The price of oil, or the oil price, generally refers to the spot price of a barrel of benchmark crude oil—a reference price for buyers and sellers of crude oil such as West Texas Intermediate (WTI), Brent Crude, Dubai Crude, OPEC Reference Basket, Tapis crude, Bonny Light, Urals oil, Isthmus and Western Canadian Select (WCS). There is a differential in the price of a barrel of oil based on
Dec 09, 2018 · Oil is not a regional commodity. Furthermore, gas, a product made from oil at a refinery is not a regional commodity, contrary to public belief. Due to the enormous efficiency with which oil products can be transported, by pipeline, by train, and
Apr 23, 2019 · The Bank of Canada is widely tipped to leave interest rates unchanged on Wednesday when policy makers convene for the April central bank meeting. Where to Bet on Rising Oil Prices | The Motley Fool Where to Bet on Rising Oil Prices If -- after reading all of this -- you're suddenly thinking about Canada and Norway as very attractive potential long-term investment opportunities, Dynamic effects of rising oil prices on ... - ScienceDirect
17 Mar 2020 Countries including the United States and Canada, along with nations in The United States has said it will take advantage of low oil prices to fill its are expected to show crude inventories rising for an eighth straight week.
11 Oct 2018 Constrained supply in OPEC is one reason for high oil prices, but pipeline congestion in Canada (caused by political challenges) is likely a 14 Mar 2018 However, in December 2017, the spread between WCS crude and WTI crude prices hit a four-year high. Currently (as of March 2, 2018), 19 Oct 2017 9/11 and invasion of Iraq. Libyan. C ivil W ar. U .S. shale oil boom. V enezuelan general strike. OPEC production cuts and rising Asian dem and 1 Nov 2016 The price of crude is on the rise, but in Canada, new carbon taxes, regulations and pipeline hurdles may take the industry permanently out of
4 days ago Fight between Russia and Saudi Arabia causes price drop compounded by Canada is in talks with Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries of production that will most hurt countries with higher production costs.
Why Rising Oil Prices Aren’t Helping Canada’s Economy
19 Mar 2020 A barrel of Western Canadian Select diluted bitumen reached a record that Canadian oil producers can break even with oil prices in the high
Apr 23, 2019 · The Bank of Canada is widely tipped to leave interest rates unchanged on Wednesday when policy makers convene for the April central bank meeting. Where to Bet on Rising Oil Prices | The Motley Fool Where to Bet on Rising Oil Prices If -- after reading all of this -- you're suddenly thinking about Canada and Norway as very attractive potential long-term investment opportunities, Dynamic effects of rising oil prices on ... - ScienceDirect Ceteris paribus, a given rise in crude oil prices can now increase energy costs much faster than what was previously experienced. As another alternative approach, the time-varying marginal effects of changes in oil prices on the energy price index in Eq. are also estimated using a rolling estimation window with 10 years of monthly data. What will surging oil prices mean for Canada? — not what ...
Oil Prices and Inflation - Federal Reserve Bank of San ... Oct 03, 2008 · In fact, if rising oil prices lead to higher inflation expectations over the longer term, rising energy and wage costs are more likely to be passed through in terms of rising consumer prices. In this case, rising oil prices may lead to sustained increases in … Rising Oil Prices No Help for India, Venezuela, or Canada ... Apr 27, 2018 · While rising crude prices may be pleasing to Middle Eastern countries whose economies badly need a boost, they're proving to be a notable problem for growing economies such as India; they're alsoproving to be no help to regulatory issues in Canada or the all but collapsed economy of Venezuela.. Kaushik Das, chief economist at Deutsche Bank AG in Mumbai, told Bloomberg that "Higher global …
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When you think Divorce…?
Loss, pain, fear, expensive, loss of identity, freedom?
Unable to breathe, loss of benefits, unanticipated, amicable resolution?
Love, anguish, cherish, mischievous, all mine, schedules and more schedules! Disciplined, protect- them- for- the- rest- of -their -lives, comfort, chores, fear?
Inexperienced, distant, loud, supporting, trusting?
My neighbourhood, expensive, safe, family roots, maintenance, portable, legacy? Dream, mortgage, welcoming, flooded, critters, home base, security!
Why does the word divorce carry so much negativity when one rarely, if at all, experiences it? Do we jump to claim the experience from friends and family who are going through it first hand? Or, are we engaged in watching the media drill into the saucy bits to make the book sell, the advertisers buy space, and the polls soar higher?
The word children conjure up emotions of caring, tenderness and inspiration. Did we forget about the difficult bedtimes? And the fights trying to control time in the virtual arena instead of chores to be done? Where parents see danger another sees engagement and learning taking place.
And home. A five-year child playing house told me that a
‘the house is on the outside and the home is in the inside’.
From this simple offering, the structure, one among many others on the street, lacks connection while behind the shell is life, belonging, and sustenance.
A home may be owned, leased, rented or ‘sofa-surfed’ by a passing acquaintance. Maybe the bank owns more than the owner. But that doesn’t take away from maintaining our home the way we want it to be. Expressing ourselves through the choice of location, architectural features, furnishings and colours, we show a part of how we define ourselves.
Maybe changing jobs or chasing educational degrees has led to a more nomadic lifestyle and home may carry less significance in our lives. Following cultural openings, eating at the latest establishment and commuting to an office changes how we value being outside our home more than being confined inside it.
Expressing goals with meaning, clarity and purpose
Whatever value, be it positive or negative, that we attribute to each of these words our thoughts will wander to both sides of the spectrum. We find things that draw us away from wanting to be involved (such as having children or owning a home), to thinking about ideas that draw us in to participate. Experience and perspective, even seeking the trusted advice of another, help us understand more about ourselves alone and as part of a family and community.
Some clients find terminating their marriage is the only path to realizing a healthier future for themselves or making a better choice then they made in youth. Others realize that a significant change must be made soon as their ability to do so may be limited by what life offers them as seniors. Young couples may yearn to experience having children to care for and complete their dream of a family. That vision may include a long term partnership with no thought of it ever ending.
Expressing what you desire entering into a relationship ought to be delivered with clarity and purpose. Provide meaning to the dreams. Understanding what each brings to the union. What is desired from the other and from the relationship? These frank discussions aid each in deciding whether their needs will be fulfilled. It helps each partner think about what role they will assume and what they can offer the other to reach their goals.
What comes up when you think about the word trust?
Connection, honesty, foundation, relatable, understanding, in common?
Broken, together, spirit, reliance, confidence, hope, fearless, future, commitment?
Shared goals and meanings attributed to different words: are you in the same space? Checking in with each other keeps the foundation of trust on track. When something feels awry, being comfortable to express doubt and ask questions is important. That includes being able to rely on the skills and abilities of a partner to help work out solutions.
When words lose their appeal
When a couple finds it difficult to express feeling a loss of trust in the other, it isn‘t always a signal that the foundation is completely shattered. It does offer each spouse a series of new choices. An opportunity to rebuild, assess where they are in the relationship and perhaps forgive. A neutral facilitator or counsellor may be able to assist in regaining the balance and a resumption of commitment.
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The Confocal and Multiphoton Facility, Image Analysis Facility, Microscopy and NanoImaging Facility, and the Roy J. Carver Laboratory for Ultrahigh Resolution Biological Microscopy (part of the Institute for Combinatorial Discovery) have merged into the Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility (HRMF). Margie Carter, Tracey Stewart and Curtis Mosher co-manage the new facility, which is administered by the Office of Biotechnology. The HRMF is located in the basement of the Molecular Biology Building. More information about the facility’s services is online.
Please note: The new name, Roy J. Carver High Resolution Microscopy Facility, should be used in future grants proposals or acknowledgements.
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- Can I become pregnant after my spinal cord injury?
- I’m a woman with a spinal cord injury, can I give birth vaginally?
- How do I know what medicines I can take during pregnancy?
- Can someone with a spinal cord injury breastfeed her baby as usual?
- Will I need a larger wheelchair when I am near the end of my pregnancy?
- Why is the risk of urinary tract infection greater when you are pregnant?
- Does pregnancy increase the risk of blood clots?
- Is there a higher risk of pressure ulcers when I am pregnant and how can I avoid them?
- Can pregnancy affect my breathing?
- What effect dose pregnancy have on my bladder and intestines?
- Can I go to a regular pregnancy center, or do I need a high-risk pregnancy center?
Can I become pregnant after my spinal cord injury?
Yes! You will find it just as easy or difficult to become pregnant as before your spinal cord injury. In the time immediately following your injury it is common to stop menstruating, but after a few months your period will usually return to normal.
I’m a woman with a spinal cord injury, can I give birth vaginally?
Yes, the spinal cord injury in itself is not an obstacle to vaginal delivery. However, you may experience certain complications from your spinal cord injury that make vaginal delivery more difficult. Examples include severe spasticity, new bone formation in soft tissues around joints below the level of injury (heterotopic ossification), or hip joint contractures.
How do I know what medicines I can take during pregnancy?
We recommend that you contact your obstetrician and the doctor who takes care of your spinal cord injury for advice concerning medications. Many people with spinal cord injury take medications that are unsuitable during pregnancy and breastfeeding. However, some people may find it difficult to manage from day to day without their medications. In some cases there may be alternative choices that pose less risk to the fetus than others.
Can someone with a spinal cord injury breastfeed her baby as usual?
Yes, you can nurse even if you have a high-level spinal cord injury. You may need a little more support to find a good position for breastfeeding that works for both you and the baby. Many find that a nursing cushion helps. People who lack sensation in their breasts should be a little extra cautious since skin lesions can easily occur. You should also check that the breast tissue does not become hard, which may be a sign of a blocked duct.
Will I need a larger wheelchair when I am near the end of my pregnancy?
Weight gain and weight distribution during pregnancy depend on the individual woman. Some women need a wider wheelchair, others manage with their regular wheelchair and for some it is sufficient to broaden the chair a bit with spacers on the rear wheels. However, it is important to continuously monitor your sitting position as your body changes to avoid pressure sores.
Why is the risk of urinary tract infection greater when you are pregnant?
The risk of urinary tract infection is twice as high for a pregnant woman as for a non-pregnant woman. The hormone progesterone relaxes the smooth muscles of the ureters, which causes the urine to flow more slowly from the kidneys to the bladder. The pressure of the growing uterus on the bladder also slows urine flow, while making it more difficult to completely empty the bladder. Taken together these factors increase the risk of urinary tract infection. Pregnant women with spinal cord injury who have problems with recurrent urinary tract infections are often given antibiotics to prevent these problems.
Does pregnancy increase the risk of blood clots?
Spinal cord injury in itself increases the risk of blood clots due to increased sitting and decreased circulation. Pregnancy also increases the risk of blood clots because of higher blood estrogen levels and slowed blood flow caused by increased pressure from the uterus on blood vessels. Women with spinal cord injury are therefore frequently prescribed blood thinning medications during portions of their pregnancy and after childbirth to reduce the risk of blood clots.
Is there a higher risk of pressure ulcers when I am pregnant and how can I avoid them?
Changes in hormonal balance, low blood count and weight gain all increase the risk of pressure ulcers during pregnancy. Therefore it is important both during and after pregnancy to be alert for skin lesions. It may also be necessary to reassess your wheelchair and sitting position as your body changes. Finally, it is even more important than usual to remember to change your sitting position often and relieve the pressure on your skin.
Can pregnancy affect my breathing?
As the uterus grows it displaces other organs, including the lungs. This may pose an extra burden, especially for women with high-level spinal cord injuries that affect the respiratory muscles. Injuries above T5 affect the abdominal muscles, which contribute to breathing, while injuries above T1 also affect the chest muscles. In some cases, treatment with oxygen may be needed in late pregnancy and during childbirth. One example is oxygen treatment at night. Such treatment is especially appropriate in tetraplegia/quadriplegia since only the diaphragm muscles can be used for breathing. If the woman has significant oxygenation problems during late pregnancy, her doctor may choose to deliver the child somewhat early.
What effect dose pregnancy have on my bladder and intestines?
As the uterus grows it puts pressure on the bladder and intestines, which may worsen existing bladder and intestinal problems. Constipation is common among pregnant women and may be made worse by spinal cord injury. The condition can be prevented or treated by high-fiber diet, adequate fluid intake and medications. It is also common for pregnant women to receive iron supplements, which add to the constipating effect. To avoid this problem, iron supplements may need to be given intravenously instead of by mouth.
Can I go to a regular pregnancy center, or do I need a high-risk pregnancy center?
The general recommendation is that pregnant women with spinal cord injury should be monitored at both a regular pregnancy center and a high-risk pregnancy center. The high-risk pregnancy center formulates a pregnancy plan for any additional monitoring or examinations that may be considered necessary, and determines whether vaginal childbirth or cesarean section is preferable. Many women with spinal cord injury have completely uncomplicated pregnancies and require little extra assistance from the high-risk pregnancy center. It may also be appropriate to maintain contact with the spinal cord injury unit for questions regarding the spinal cord injury, the need for new adaptive equipment, etc. Ideally, your obstetrician and rehabilitation specialist should discuss your pregnancy and potential complications.
This text was reviewed for medical accuracy by Karin Pettersson, consultant, Obstetrics, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge
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1. What is the definition of a powered industrial truck?
Any mobile power-propelled truck used to carry, push, pull, lift, stack or tier materials. Powered industrial trucks can be ridden or controlled by a walking operator. Earth moving and over the road haulage trucks are not included in the definition. Equipment that was designed to move earth but has been modified to accept forks are also not included.
2. What does the standard require?
The standard requires employers to develop and implement a training program based on the general principles of safe truck operation, the types of vehicle(s) being used in the workplace, the hazards of the workplace created by the use of the vehicle(s), and the general safety requirements of the OSHA standard. Trained operators must know how to do the job properly and do it safely as demonstrated by workplace evaluation. Formal (lecture, video, etc.) and practical (demonstration and practical exercises) training must be provided. Employers must also certify that each operator has received the training and evaluate each operator at least once every three years. Prior to operating the truck in the workplace, the employer must evaluate the operator's performance and determine the operator to be competent to operate a powered industrial truck safely. Refresher training is needed whenever an operator demonstrates a deficiency in the safe operation of the truck.
3. Does OSHA provide a list of topics to include in my training program?
Yes. The standard provides a list of training topics; however, the employer may exclude those topics which are not relevant to safe operation at the employee's work location.
4. Who should conduct the training?
All training and evaluation must be conducted by persons with the necessary knowledge, training, and experience to train powered industrial truck operators and evaluate their competence. An example of a qualified trainer would be a person who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and experience has demonstrated the ability to train and evaluate powered industrial truck operators.
There are many resources available to the employer if he/she chooses not to perform the training himself. Truck manufacturers, local safety and health safety organizations, such as the National Safety Council local chapters, private consultants with expertise in powered industrial trucks, local trade and vocational schools are some available resources.
Various Internet sites are devoted to forklift safety. Private companies who provide forklift safety training services, including videos and written programs, can be located on various Internet websites. Most videos can be either leased or purchased. One important thing to remember is that simply by showing employees a video or videos on some aspect of forklift safety does not meet the full requirements of the OSHA standard. Site specific information must be conveyed as well as a method to evaluate the employee's acquired knowledge subsequent to the training.
5. If my employees receive training from an outside consultant, how will I know that these employees have been adequately trained?
Outside qualified training organizations can provide evidence that the employee has successfully completed the relevant classroom and practical training. However, each employer must ensure that each powered industrial truck operator is competent to operate a truck safely, as demonstrated by the successful completion of the training and evaluation.
6. My employees receive training from the union on the use of powered industrial trucks. Will I have to provide any additional training?
When a worker reports to work, the employer must evaluate the employee to ensure that he/she is knowledgeable about the operation of the powered industrial trucks he/she will be assigned to operate. This evaluation could be as simple as having a person with the requisite skills, knowledge and experience observe the operator performing several typical operations to ensure that the truck is being operated safely and asking the operator a few questions related to the safe operation of the vehicle. If the operator has operated the same type of equipment before in the same type of environment that he/she will be expected to be working, then duplicate or additional training is not required.
7. Is testing required?
No. The standard does not specifically require testing; however, some method of evaluation is necessary.
8. Does OSHA require the employer to issue licenses to employees who have received training?
No. The OSHA standard does not require employees to be licensed. An employer may choose to issue licenses to trained operators.
9. What type of records or documentation must I keep?
The OSHA standard requires that the employer certify that each operator has received the training and has been evaluated. The written certification record must include the name of the operator, the date of the training, the date of the evaluation, and the identify of the person(s) performing the training or evaluation.
10. How long must I keep the certification records?
Employers who evaluate the operator's performance more frequently than every three years may retain the most recent certification record; otherwise, certification records must be maintained for three years.
11. If my employees receive training, but accidents still continue to occur, what should I do?
Refresher training in relevant topics is necessary when the operator has been involved in an accident or near-miss incident.
12. Is annual training required?
No. An evaluation of each powered industrial truck operator's performance is required to be conducted after initial training, after refresher training, and at least once every three years.
13. How often must refresher training be given?
The standard does not require any specific frequency of refresher training. Refresher training must be provided when:
14. If my employees have already received training, or have been operating trucks for many years, must I retrain them?
No. An employer does not need to retrain an employee in the operation of a powered industrial truck if the employer certifies that the operator has been evaluated and has proven to be competent to operate the truck safely. The operator would need additional training in those elements where his or her performance indicates the need for further training and for new types of equipment and areas of operation.
15. How do I evaluate my employee's competency to operate a truck safely?
Evaluation of an operator's performance can be determined by a number of ways, such as:
16. Does OSHA provide training to my truck operators?
No. It is the employer's responsibility to train the employees.
17. Do I have to train all employees in my workplace?
Any employee that operates a powered industrial truck must be trained.
18. Do I have to ensure that my operator's are physically capable of driving a powered industry truck?
The new standard does not contain provisions for checking vision, hearing or general medical status of employees operating powered industrial trucks. The Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) addresses the issue of whether employers may impose physical qualifications upon employees or applicants for employment. The ADA permits employers to adopt medical qualification requirements which are necessary to assure that an individual does not pose a “direct threat to the health or safety of other individuals in the workplace” provided all reasonable efforts are made to accommodate otherwise qualified individuals.
19. I have three different types of trucks in my workplace. Can I provide training on just one type of truck?
If an operator will be expected to operate all three types of vehicles, then training must address the unique characteristics of each type of vehicle the employee is expected to operate. When an attachment is used on the truck to move odd-shaped materials, then the operator training must include instruction on the safe conduct of those operations so that the operator knows and understands the restrictions or limitations created by each vehicle's use.
20. I only have powered hand trucks in my workplace. Do the training requirements cover the operators of this type of vehicle? The operator walks alongside the unit while holding onto the handle to guide it.
Yes. The use of powered hand trucks present numerous hazards to employees who operate them and those working in the area where they are used.
21. I employ drivers from a temporary agency. Who provides them training - the temporary service or me?
OSHA has issued several letters of interpretations on the subject of training of temporary employees. Basically, there is a shared responsibility for assuring employees are adequately trained. The responsibility for providing training should be spelled out in the contractual agreement between the two parties. The temporary agency or the contracting employer may conduct the training and evaluation of operators from a temporary agency as required by the standard; however, the host employer (or other employer who enters into a contract with the temporary agency) must provide site-specific information and training on the use of the particular types of trucks and workplace-related topics that are present in the workplace.
22. Should my training include the use of operator restraint devices (e.g. seat belts)?
Employers are required to train employees in all operating instructions, warnings, and precautions listed in the operator's manual for the type of vehicle which the employee is being trained to operate. Therefore, operators must be trained in the use of operator restraint systems when it is addressed in the operating instructions.
23. What does OSHA expect to achieve as a result of improved operator's training?
OSHA's goal is to reduce the number of injuries and illnesses that occur to workers in the workplace from unsafe powered industrial truck usage. By providing an effective training program many other benefits will result. Among these are the lower cost of compensation insurance, less property damage, and less product damage.
24. Where can I get additional information about OSHA standards?
For more information, contact your local or Regional OSHA office.
The OSHA code of federal regulations requires that every forklift operator must be formally trained and evaluated prior to the use of a forklift as of December 1, 1999. Pelican's View is qualified to conduct and evaluate your forklift drivers. Learn more...
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The world economy has moved closer, and people are more closely connected. People are getting the chance to work with individuals from different cultures and backgrounds. As a result, the importance of learning more than one language has increased. Being bilingual enhances communication skills and makes one more perceptive of others. Also, it helps an individual in their personal life. Today, most students are comfortable speaking more than one language. Also, they want to understand the cultures and traditions of their classmates. As a result, the need for bilingual education has increased. More people are recognizing the importance of bilingual education, and school administrations are developing educational content that suffices the need for such education programs.
Importance of bilingual education
The need for this new education program has increased over the year because of the reasons mentioned below:
- The need for a bilingual workforce has increased
Today, every country is connected. As a result, the world is described as a global village. All these changes have enhanced the need for bilingual employees who can work in the global market. Gaining bilingual and multilingual education enhances cross-cultural competency, cognitive load management, and social intelligence. Moreover, it makes students more competitive in the global employment market.
- Helps in the development of cognitive skills
Bilingual education makes one use their language skills to the maximum. As a result, students are more likely to develop their problem-solving and creativity skills. Moreover, they also spend more time understanding what they can do to effectively convey their thoughts.
- Connects individuals to their roots
Bilingual education expresses the need to accept other cultures and traditions. As a result, individuals from different ethnicities feel proud and develop a sense of belonging. They connect to their roots and participate in community activities at large.
Focusing on more than one language makes students accept other cultures wholeheartedly. They understand the value of traditions and make an effort to accept them. Moreover, bilingual education is also critical for school administration as it helps them expand their reach as an educational institution.
Roles and responsibilities of bilingual teachers
The roles and responsibilities of a bilingual teacher are the same as that of a classroom teacher. However, they need to carry out their job role by taking two languages into consideration. The typical responsibilities of a bilingual teacher include:
- Curriculum planning
Bilingual teachers are responsible for creating a curriculum for students to teach them language and content simultaneously. They make the necessary changes in the lesson plans to achieve specific learning goals. As a part of developing the curriculum, teachers choose which concepts they need to teach in the classroom. Moreover, they also work on selecting the delivery methods that suit the learning styles and needs of the students. During the process of developing the curriculum, bilingual teachers give special attention to:
- Developing background knowledge
- Developing content that matches the existing background knowledge and culture of students
- Incorporating more than one language into learning activities
Delivering instructions is different from simply following a lesson plan. Bilingual teachers apply multiple strategies to understand if their students are learning the topic in the designated manner. Moreover, they make amendments in the teaching process to help students remain on the same page. They also provide the necessary support to students through various learning materials, study guides, vocabulary guides, and graphic organizers. They also review students’ performance periodically and understand the need for slowing down or speeding up a lesson.
- Development of culturally inclusive classroom
To make classes more inclusive, bilingual teachers need to put in more effort. They need to make their students understand the background of a language or culture. To make learning interesting, teachers can incorporate lessons on food, music, and literature. Developing a culturally inclusive curriculum helps students learn idiomatic expressions in their non-native languages, and they also develop cultural sensitivity.
The above-mentioned are the major roles and responsibilities of a bilingual teacher. They are the ones who can extend support to students and make them culturally responsive.
Education and skills needed to become a bilingual teacher
To become a bilingual teacher, a candidate must have the following expertise.
- Required education
Anyone aspiring to become a bilingual teacher must complete their bachelor’s degree. In addition, they can do a minor or a second major in a foreign language. They can also do certification courses in bilingual education.
- Language fluency
To become a bilingual teacher, candidates must have fluency in English and an additional language. They must have command over grammar, structure, syntax, vocabulary, and mechanics of two languages.
Characteristics of a bilingual teacher
The characteristics of a bilingual teacher are:
- Excellent organization skills
Planning bilingual classes requires more effort. As teachers review their students’ performance periodically, they need to put in extra effort when conducting classes. They juggle various duties like recording grades, assessments, and student projects which enhances their organization skills.
Learning a new language may be frustrating for students. Therefore, bilingual teachers need to maintain students’ interest in the subject. Additionally, they need to develop resourcefulness and patience to keep themselves in sync with the students.
- Communication skills
To help students learn the concepts in detail, teachers also need to develop their oral and written skills. Moreover, they need to break complex ideas into simple terms.
Having these qualities make bilingual teachers effective in their tasks. By developing these characteristics, teachers can provide their best to their students.
Suggested Read: Tips to Enhance Social Responsibility in Students
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Industrial Seed Oils (Vegetable)
- Promoted as “heart-healthy” alternative to saturated fat
- For centuries (or millenniums), human diet consisted of many sources of Omega 3 fatty acids and were relatively free of modern inflammatory diseases.
- Vegetable oil consumption grew during the industrial revolution
- Vegetable oils have a relatively low percentage of omega 3 fatty acids but yield very high percentages of Omega 6 fatty acids.
- The ratio of Omega 6 to 3 fatty acids has grown drastically in the modern era.
- This has resulted in an increase in all inflammatory diseases: Cardiovascular, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel and inflammatory bowel diseases, macular degeneration, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, cancer, psychiatric disorders, autoimmune disease
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What Does Valuation of Assets Mean?
Valuation of assets means knowing the value of, or arriving at an approximate figure for, a property or any item that has commercial worth. The method varies depending on the kind of item or property under evaluation. This is a necessary step before issuing an insurance policy for the property or the insurable item.
Insuranceopedia Explains Valuation of Assets
One type of valuation of assets is the replacement cost method. This simply means knowing the amount that would be needed to replace an asset with the same value. This figure takes into consideration market prices, and the replacement might be lower or higher than the original purchase amount depending on the market price.
The other, more popular method assesses the actual cash value of the item or property. The term is somewhat misleading; because depreciation is factored into the valuation, there is a chance that the value does not match the actual purchase value of the asset.
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Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of people at work, as well as group behavior in the workplace and the culture of the organization itself. These are all seen as contributing factors to three measures of employee performance: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. The OB discipline is based on a large number of scientifically based research studies used to accurately predict "cause and effect" of certain individual and group behaviors that occur in the workplace. By its very nature, it is a deliberate blend of the scientific and the practical--an applied science in the truest sense. Classes will combine these two components of OB--the research and its applications--to understand how they improve the functioning of organizations and the satisfaction of the people who work there.
Human Resource Management (MGMT-210).
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Differences between RGB and CMYK color schemes
Both RGB and CMYK are color schemes used for mixing color in graphic design. CMYK and RGB colors are rendered differently depending on which medium they are used for, mainly electronic-based or print based.
1. RGB Color Scheme :
RGB stands for Red Green Blue. It is the color scheme for digital images. RGB color mode is used if the project is to be displayed on any screen. RGB color scheme is used in electronic displays such as LCD, CRT, cameras, scanners, etc.
This color scheme is an additive type mode that combines the colors:- red, green, and blue, in various degrees which creates a variety of different colors. When all three colors are combined and displayed to the fullest degree, the combination gives us white color, for example for white combination will be RGB (255, 255, 255). When all three colors are combined to their lowest degree or value, the result is black, for example for black combination is RGB (0, 0, 0).
RGB color Scheme offers the widest range of colors and hence preferred in many computer softwares.
Uses of RGB Color Scheme –
- Used when project involves digital screens like computers, mobile, TV etc.
- Used in web and application design.
- Used in online branding.
- Used in social media.
2. CMYK Color Scheme :
CMYK stands for Cyan Magenta Yellow Key (Black). It is the color scheme used for projects including printed materials. This color mode uses the colors cyan, magenta, yellow and black as primary colors which are combined in different extents to get different colors.
This color scheme is a subtractive type mode that combines the colors:- cyan, magenta, yellow and black in various degrees which creates a variety of different colors. A printing machine creates images by combining these colors with physical ink. when all colors are mixed with 0% degree white color is created, exp CMYK(0%, 0%, 0%, 0%) for white, when all colors are mixed, we get the black color.
Uses of CMYK Color scheme –
- Used when project involves physically printed designs etc.
- Used in physical branding like business cards etc.
- Used in advertising like posters, billboards, flyers etc.
- Used in cloth branding like t-shirts etc.
When to use which color scheme?
- If the project involves printing something, such as a business cards, poster, or a newsletter, use CMYK scheme.
- If the project involves something that will only be seen digitally, use RGB Scheme.
Differences between RGB and CMYK color schemes:
|RGB Color Scheme||CMYK Color Scheme|
|Used for digital works.||Used for print works.|
|Primary colors: Red, Green, Blue||Primary Colors: Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black|
|Additive Type Mixing||Subtractive Type Mixing.|
|Colors of images are more vibrant||Colors are less vibrant.|
|RGB Scheme has wider range of colors than CMYK||CMYK has lesser range of colors than RGB.|
|file formats:- JPEG, PNG, GIF etc.||file formats:- PDF, EPS etc|
|Basically it is used for online logos, online ads, digital graphics, photographs for website, social media, or apps etc.||Basically it is used for business cards, stationary, stickers, posters, brochures etc.|
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SESSION 1: MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY AND BIOMARKERS IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD)
Macular degeneration. Where we are in clinical practice, J.Monés.
Anti PDGF therapy for exudative AMD: addressing the fibrosis pathway, S.Patel.
Markers and Mechanisms in Maculopathies: a systems view, M.Ueffing.
Towards a systems-oriented view of the molecular pathology of AMD, C.Kiel.
Cellular response associated to retinal diseases and therapeutics approaches, N.Cuenca.
KEYNOTE SPEAKER: A molecular road to a therapy for Dry AMD, J.Ambati.
SESSION 2: NANOTECHNOLOGY
Medical Nanochemistry, the use of reactive inorganic nanoparticles in medicine, V.Puntes.
Non-viral gene delivery for the treatment of inherited retinal disorders, G.Puras Ochoa.
Retinal degenerations: Animal models and new therapeutical approaches, G.Martínez Navarrete.
SESSION 3: GENETICS AND GENE THERAPY
Genetics. The case of the EYE RISK project. C.Klaver.
The role of mithocondrial genetics on the development of AMD, B.Kupperman.
Gene therapy in retinal degenerative diseases, looking for therapeutic targets, F.Díaz Corrales.
SESSION 4: PHOTONICS AND IMAGING
The use of advanced microscopy techniques for ophthalmological applications, P.Loza.
High resolution retinal imaging: the case of LITE project, D.Merino.
From taking a PEEK to wide-field imaging: how imaging best serves translational research?, T.Peto.
SESSION 5: OPTOGENETICS AND ARTIFICIAL VISION
Visual neuroprosthesis: Current status and future prospects, E.Fernández.
KEYNOTE SPEAKER: OPTOGENETICS, M.Zarbin.
SESSION 6: REGENERATIVE THERAPY. STEM CELLS
Advanced cell therapies for AMD, B.de la Cerda Haynes.
Pluripotent stem cells for retinal disease, research and clinical application, A.Veiga.
Use of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct lineage reprogramming in cell therapy for eye regenerative medicine, B.Álvarez.
Improving the quality and characterisation of stem cell reprogramming and analysing the genomic stability and immune response, M.Edel.
Adult progenitor stem cells: applications for cell-based therapy in degenerative retinal diseases, R.Casaroli.
Retinal regeneration via cell fusion mediated reprogramming, P.Cosma.
SESSION 7: ROUND TABLE. FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE
KEYNOTE SPEAKER: HIV brought us to Microbiome study, B.Clotet.
Research transfer, X.Rubíes.
Technology transfer, S.Artigas.
Innovative schemes though demand-driven procurement for procuring early detection services: the case of the PRo4VIP, R.Maspons.
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Dr. Baddeley is one of the world’s leading authorities on Human Memory. He created the three component model of working memory in the 1970s.
Research Interview Series #24: Girard Newkirk, Founder and CEO of Genesis Block and KWHCoin
Girard Newkirk is a technology entrepreneur Founder and CEO of KWHCoin and Genesis Block. Genesis Block is a business development services company focused on small business, entrepreneurship and economic development that provides coworking, educational resources and technology. KWHCoin an energy data management company.
Genesis Block: https://genesisblockilm.com/
Research Interview Series #23: Mike Boylan of Mike’s Weather Page, spaghettimodels.com
In this interview you will get to hear Mike talk about how he started Mike’s Weather Page, why he does it, and how it has become an invaluable asset to those tracking serious weather (ie hurricanes) in the US and beyond!
To learn more about Mike’s Weather Page and find links to the social media account, see the following link: https://spaghettimodels.com/
Research Interview Series #22: Ray Pastore, Ph.D. interviews Janna Robertson, Ph.D., Professor of Education. We talk Art, Education, Impacts, and Community!
Forest of DREAMS article: https://wrightsvillebeachmagazine.com/flash/2020-1/page_39.html
Forest of DREAM Documentary: https://vimeo.com/224277353
End Racism Now Art Installation: https://www.eighteenforward.com/
School Justice Partnership: https://jannasrobertson.wixsite.com/sjpartner
Dr. Janna Siegel Robertson has worked in the field of education for over 35 years and received her doctorate from University of California in Los Angeles in Educational Psychology. She is currently a Professor of Secondary Education at the University of North Carolina, Wilmington. Her research and multiple publications focus in the areas of dropout prevention, at-risk students, instructional technology, teacher preparation, arts education, special education, gifted education and community service learning. In the past, she was a general and special education teacher, a school administrator and a district administrator.
Dr. Robertson’s directed “The Forest of DREAMS” mural which was a 240-foot block long mural that transformed an entire Northside neighborhood by DREAMS Center for Arts. During 2016, she solicited 76 organizations including schools, churches, non-profits, businesses, neighbors, and individuals to sponsor their creature in the forest and supervised over 600 volunteers. The formerly neglected neighborhood is now a destination where busloads of children, tourists and locals come to visit the mural with its hidden creatures and stories. A documentary titled “Brushstrokes” describing the community service learning project. Several additional community murals have been painted around town including at Elderhaus, The Career Readiness Academy at Mosley PLC, DC Virgo Preparatory School, New Beginnings Church, Black Man Running, and Support the Port. Her most recent project was co-directing the “Black Lives Do Matter: End Racism Now” art installation for the City of Wilmington. This 135-foot sculpture consist of the 8-foot aluminum letters each painted by a diverse group of artists depicting positive contributions of Black culture to the city. The art installation will be at Jervay Freedom Walk Park for 2020-2021. She is involved with several additional projects through UNCW for 2021 that integrate social justice art, resilience, social emotional learning, and community service.
Ray Pastore Research Series Interview #21 – with Danielle Rourke, Dell Technologies Senior Higher Education Specialist
Danielle Rourke is a Dell Technologies Senior Higher Education Strategist with extensive leadership and technology skills. Prior to joining Dell Technologies, Danielle served as an Associate Director of Information Technology for the University of Colorado Boulder, where she championed new and innovative methods of utilizing technology to make education more accessible to under-served student populations. A technologist and analyst at heart, Danielle’s true passion is helping broker technological solutions to help students, staff, and faculty across the globe engage more fully in the power of education. In addition to undergraduate degrees in Psychology, Business Quality Management, and Computer Operations, Danielle holds a Master’s Degree in Information Technology from Capella University.
Follow Danielle on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniellerourke
Follow Danielle on Twitter: https://twitter.com/HiEdDanielle | @HiEdDanielle
Interview with Jared Tendler, MS, LMHC, Head of Sports Psychology at Team Liquid
Ray Pastore #19 – Interview with Elliott Masie, Founder of the Masie Center, Learning Consortium, and Learning Conference, author and speaker focused on the changing world of the workplace, learning and technology. Elliott is acknowledged as the first analyst to use the term eLearning and has advocated for a sane deployment of learning and collaboration technology as a means of supporting the effectiveness and profitability of enterprises.
Ray Pastore #18 – Interview with Bruce Baumgart, Ph.D. Entrepreneur, computer scientist, and winner of the first video game competition, Intergalactic Spacewar Olympics, in 1972!
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School’s out for summer, but the learning must continue. My goal this summer is to prevent the dreaded summer slide. Summer slide is defined as the rapid loss of educational information during school breaks; summer/holidays.
I set out a plan of attack to help my upcoming third grader get ahead of the game with a few summer learning experiences.
READ! READ! READ!
Reading is one of the most effective ways to prevent summer slide. My kids like to read, but in the summer we turn it up a notch. My son is required to read at least 20 minutes a day. I encourage longer, but 20 minutes is the absolute minimum. My 3 year old loves her books and we don’t have any issues churning out a few each day. We’ve designated Sunday as library day. They are allowed to check out as many books as they want. During our last library outing my Little Lady proudly informed the librarian that she wanted 3 Llama Llama books. With my son, I use the accelerated book finder to help us select books that will challenge him a bit.
Dedicated Topic Practice
My son gives me some trouble about practicing writing and completing his Spanish work. I created a calendar that gives all of us some guidance on what to work on each day. We only spend a few minutes practicing. I use several methods to practice; online games, hands-on experiments, workbooks.
This one may just be my family, but we will sit down and watch a good documentary. I mean everyone is completely engrossed at what’s on the screen. My kids love documentaries about animals, space and the ocean. My son even had me watch a documentary about how paper is made. Documentaries are a great way to get your information without reading.
Trips to the Museum/Zoo/Aquarium
I remember going on a field trip and my teacher would give us a little pad and paper to write down what we learned. I absolutely hated it. I just wanted to have fun with my friends. Now I’m that teacher. Let’s talk about what we learned, write me a little blurb, what was your favorite part?
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April 01, 2022
America has always been a nation of riflemen. From the longrifle-toting minutemen of the Revolutionary War to Billy Dixon’s long shot at the Battle of Adobe Wells from Sergeant York’s exploits in World War I up to the crack shots of modern PRS competitions, we live and breathe accurate shooting at far-away targets.
Hunters, particularly Western hunters who prowl wide-open country, have always strived to extend their ethical lethal capabilities. And while many pieces equal the complete puzzle, no single element of modern equipment has contributed more to accomplishing long-range capability than purpose-built long-range hunting projectiles.
Here’s a look at...
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A survey by a leading charity has found that nearly one in four nurses reported that they were likely to be the only regular visitor for around half of the patients they see at home.
The survey of dermatological nurses by the British Skin Foundation covered a number of topics including the elderly, children, skin cancer and the psychological effects of skin disease.
The survey also found that 92% of nurses said patients confide in them about both the psychological effects of their skin condition as well as the physical effects.
But 43% believe their patients don’t additionally share this psychological information with their doctor or dermatologist.
Furthermore, three in four dermatological nurses surveyed think there are more skin problems in children today than 10 years ago.
Karen Stephen, Lead Dermatology Nurse at NHS Tayside said: “This survey highlights the important role nurses can play in supporting patients with skin disease both with the physical and psychological impact of their conditions.
“As the survey shows nurses are ideally placed when they are doing dressing changes, applying treatments or performing skin surgery to provide information and support whether it’s to ensure people have the knowledge and skills of use their skin treatments correctly or how to enjoy the sun safely.”
The survey also revealed that every nurse surveyed said that they believe patients find it easier to talk to a nurse rather than a doctor.
Sandra Lawton OBE, dermatology nurse consultant at Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, said: “This survey reflects the burden of skin disease that nurses see and highlights the important role we have in the care of patients presenting with a skin problem.
“As the survey shows, skin conditions affect patients of all ages so caring for them requires competent and experienced dermatology nurses. As we move forward we need to ensure that we invest in nursing to guarantee nurses have the appropriate skills to support our patients and their families.”
Category => Editor's Pick
Category => HR
Category => News
Category => Patients
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But in no main metropolis have rents plunged from so excessive by a lot so fast as in San Francisco. The BoE is assessing if contagion from this scandal may unfold to the broader housing market and trigger a new monetary crisis. Return on Equity is a measure of a company’s profitability that takes a company’s annual return divided by the value of its whole shareholders’ equity (i.e. 12%). ROE combines the revenue statement and the stability sheet as the online earnings or profit is compared to the shareholders’ fairness. Operating Profit Margin is a profitability or efficiency ratio that reflects the proportion of profit a company produces from its operations, prior to subtracting taxes and interest expenses. It is calculated by dividing the working revenue by total revenue and expressing as a proportion. Interest Coverage Ratio is a financial ratio that is used to determine the ability of an organization to pay the curiosity on its outstanding debt.
Communication is the key to personal and business success. So now we all together celebrate World Communication Day.#worldtelecommunicationday #telecommunicationsystems #telecommunications pic.twitter.com/Lm7FLiUxNo
— Sanskar Bundela (@SanskarBundela) May 17, 2021
An insurance claims adjuster profession additionally contains gathering detailed data and photos surrounding the claim, which they compile right into a report used by a claims examiner when evaluating and settling the declare. Claims adjusters may work for firms or as self-employed public adjusters. Some self-employed declare adjusters work for people not excited about working with the insurance coverage company’s claim adjuster.
Appraisers And Assessors Of Real Property
Some 39% of firms with lower than $500 million in income use automated software program, with the capabilities more than likely to be automated together with invoicing, financial report technology, information assortment and documentation storage and compliance. Unsurprisingly, smaller companies have been the group least prone to have automated financial decision-making, predictive reporting and financial modeling capabilities.
What are the four areas of corporate finance?
In particular, there are four elements within corporate finance that everyone should be mindful of when doing any type of analysis. These four elements are operating flows, invested capital, cost of capital, and return on invested capital.
And if you’re overpaying for a service, Truebill will contact your provider and negotiate the payment in your behalf. To get began, you’ll download the app and connect it to your business checking account and credit cards. All of your bills and subscriptions will be categorized into an easy-to-read graph. For many individuals, managing finances is probably certainly Business one of the toughest parts of running a business. Our finest skilled recommendation on how to grow your corporation — from attracting new clients to maintaining present prospects joyful and having the capital to do it.
This kind of small business financing choice is one thing to assume about in case your operating historical past and credit score historical past don’t permit you to qualify for different types of financing. It’s just like a service provider money advance or inventory financing, in the sense that you just don’t want excellent financials to qualify and also you don’t have to offer collateral the finest way you would possibly with a standard mortgage. Other crowdfunding platforms are peer-to-peer lenders, that means working capital is raised from the gang but it should be repaid to traders like any other loan. When contemplating crowdfunding as a small business finance choice, make positive to learn the nice print and compare the charges carefully. Also, research up on what makes for a profitable crowdfunding campaign to spice up your odds of having your proposal fully funded.
Because of the massive price ticket for purchases of this kind, the loan program has responded with a cap of $20 million. To buy actual estate by way of the 504 program, you’ll want to show your capability to repay such a large amount and have a cash reserve equal to a down payment – or extra. Low charges and steady compensation terms are just a few of the explanations rising companies flip to this program when it comes time to make giant enlargement plans. According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the demand for finance professionals is expected to develop by 8 to 12 % through 2024. Jobs for financial analysts, mortgage officers, and accountants are expected to extend by over 200,000.
The Student Managed Investment Fund was created in Spring of 2017 as an actively managed pupil investment portfolio of $250K to assist bridge the gap between the tutorial and skilled spheres. With an overall goal of $1 million, the fund hopes to continue Business & Finance to develop and provides back to college students by way of scholarship alternatives. The effort to initiate the Student Managed Investment Fund was spearheaded by Fred Tattersall, a 1970 WVU finance graduate.
Nobody wants to get ripped off when purchasing a property; real estate appraisers and real estate assessors conduct analysis on properties and estimate their value prior to a sale, mortgage, tax, insurance, or growth. Most real Finance estate appraisers are required by Federal legislation to have a state certification. Real property appraisers and actual property assessors generally take the same courses and checks for certification.
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Disciples Pursue Godliness
When I was a young man, I ran in a marathon. Notice I did not say, “I ran a marathon.” Despite my disdain for running long distances, I joined a relay team because our church partnered with another very different church to “Run for Racial Reconciliation.” After all of the training, hydrating, and carb loading, I ran (and walked) 7.8 miles through my city. Each time I felt like I was ready to lay down on the pavement, I would come across either a water station or a prayer station. Which one do you think was more effective in helping me accomplish my objective of reaching the end of my segment? Hint: it wasn’t wet, but it sure was refreshing!
What are your objectives in this race of life? For what do you hunger? What quenches your metaphorical thirst? There are hundreds of answers to these questions, and although we are all different, only one thing can bring true satisfaction: glorifying and enjoying God. Now, how can glorifying God and enjoying Him go hand-in-hand, and how does this satisfy us?
In 1 Timothy 4:1-16, Paul is addressing the various errors of those who have rejected, abandoned, or distorted the faith (i.e., the doctrine of salvation by grace) and put on the shackles of legalism. Not eating certain foods and remaining unmarried were two examples of man-made rules that were intended to manipulate God by showing Him how pious they were. That neither glorified God, nor brought them enjoyment, “for everything created by God is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, for it is made holy by the word of God and prayer (vv. 4-5).” The problem is that the good gifts of God are sullied and abused by our sinful appetites.
That’s why growth in godliness is so important, “as it holds promise for the present life and also for the life to come (v. 8).” That is the key that enables us to glorify God and enjoy what he has given us in a righteous way. Jesus said, “Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied (Matt 5:6).” In everything that we do, from eating and drinking to our relationships, we can find true satisfaction in a right relationship with God.
- What do I run to for satisfaction? How long does that feeling of being pacified last? What consequences do I tend to face as a result of these choices?
- What are the areas of my life that I have not yet turned over to God for conversion to godliness?
- Where do I see hints of legalism in my life?
Pastor Aaron Lockhart
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LONDON — Facebook’s ownership of Giphy will hurt competition for animated images, U.K. regulators said Thursday, meaning the social network could ultimately be forced to unwind the deal if the provisional findings are confirmed.
The Competition and Markets Authority said its investigation found the acquisition would hurt competition among social media platforms because there’s only one other big provider of GIFs, Google’s Tenor.
Giphy’s library of short looping videos, or GIFs, are a popular tool for internet users sending messages or posting on social media.
The deal will also reduce digital advertising competition by removing a potential rival from the market, the watchdog said. It started looking into the acquisition last year, shortly after Facebook announced its plan to acquire Giphy in a deal reportedly worth $400 million.
The acquisition also faces scrutiny from regulators in Australia and Austria, underlining concerns about how such acquisitions can affect competition in local markets.
Facebook said it disagreed with the preliminary findings, which it didn’t believe to be supported by the evidence.
“As we have demonstrated, this merger is in the best interest of people and businesses in the U.K. - and around the world - who use GIPHY and our services,” Facebook said. “We will continue to work with the CMA to address the misconception that the deal harms competition.”
Prior to the deal, Giphy had been considering expanding its paid advertising services to other countries including the U.K. That would have added a new player to the market and encouraged more innovation from social media sites and advertisers, the CMA said.
But Facebook terminated Giphy’s paid advertising partnerships after the deal, it said.
“Giphy’s takeover could see Facebook withdrawing GIFs from competing platforms or requiring more user data in order to access them. It also removes a potential challenger to Facebook,” which dominates the U.K.’s 5.5 billion pound ($7.6 billion) display advertising market, inquiry chair Stuart McIntosh said. “None of this would be good news for customers.”
McIntosh said the watchdog would now seek feedback on the provisional findings before issuing its final report on Oct. 6.
“Should we conclude that the merger is detrimental to the market and social media users, we will take the necessary actions to make sure people are protected,” he said.
When it announced the deal, Facebook said about half of Giphy’s traffic came from Facebook apps, which also include Messenger and WhatsApp. It had planned to integrate Giphy into Instagram but the authority ordered the companies to keep the businesses separate during the investigation.
Facebook is facing increased scrutiny over acquisitions that might have previously escaped notice amid rising concern that the digital giants are amassing greater market power. The CMA and European Union and German regulators are all looking into the company’s plan to buy Kustomer, a customer management platform.
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Wasting time, money and chemicals on large infestations?
Don’t have a big enough spray unit? Or the time to spray?
Sick of looking at blackberry invasions and/or dead canes?
The field day will showcase:
• A bobcat/mulcher in action removing- large live infestation in steep country- dead canes in steep country and open paddocks- chat with the operator and inspect the results
• Reducing chemical usage for on-going suppression
• Biological controls - how do we drive the agenda?
• Helicopter spraying of blackberries- the do’s & don’t- chat with the pilot on how to meet legal requirement and protect native vegetation- follow-up works with aerial seeding & fertilizing
This is a joint project between to Mitta to Murray Blackberry Action Group and the North East CMA through funding from the Australian Government’s National Landcare Programme.
For more information refer to:
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Many contest the feasibility and ultimate effect of U.S. military intervention. Yet most seem to agree that the Iraqi military can’t go the fight alone, a position apparently confirmed by the Iraqi government’s formal request this week that the United States carry out airstrikes on Iraqi soil against ISIS rebels. Analysis has thus far tended to focus exclusively on the battlefield prospects of Iraqi forces against ISIS and how U.S. assistance might improve them. Yet the attitudes of local citizens within communities contested by ISIS towards the central government may prove critical to the outcome of the current fight.
In considering why ISIS has faced little local resistance as its forces have overrun towns throughout western and central Iraq, scholars have argued that the answer lies largely in discriminatory sectarian policies that are blamed for pushing Sunni leaders “toward supporting insurgency [while] radicaliz[ing] a Sunni community that might have been brought into the system following the civil war.” (See also here and here.) In other words, Maliki has a popularity problem within many of the areas now contested by ISIS.
Why is this important? Less than a decade ago, the United States sought to defeat an Iraqi insurgency that consisted of Al-Qaeda militants fighting alongside Iraqi Sunnis, who then also considered themselves disenfranchised with the collapse of the Sunni Baathist regime. Academic research on this period has found that the combination of military operations and the provision of social services was effective in reducing insurgent violence in affected areas by bringing local Sunnis back into the fold.
Critically, offensive military tactics alone were insufficient. As the authors of the study observe, “the silence of the population, of a substantial portion thereof, is critical for insurgencies. … For many years the residents of Anbar governorate knew who the insurgents were but lacked either the will or violent capacity to resist them. American and Iraqi security forces had the combat power but not the required information [to defeat the insurgents].”
A lack of basic services, including electricity, fuel and water, has remained a significant source of discontent for Iraqi citizens since U.S. forces withdrew in 2011. While such grievances are not sectarian in nature – protests have persisted throughout the country – the combination of sectarian policies and lack of social services may have laid conditions suitable for ISIS’ spread.
To assess how the provision of social services during the Iraq war affected insurgent violence, we examine the relationship between available electricity and insurgent attacks on coalition forces. Using daily electricity production data during the Iraq conflict collected and provided to us by the U.S. State Department for the purposes of this study, we find strong if preliminary evidence that increased electricity supply worked to reduce insurgent violence during the conflict. (For those interested, additional details on empirical strategy appear at the end of the piece.)
This effect is present in during the pre-surge period – when levels of insurgent and sectarian violence steadily increased across the country – as well as in the post-surge period, during which levels of both types of violence quickly tapered off. And the size of the effect is considerable.
Take for example the average national supply of electricity when the surge began in June 2007 (240 MW per 100,000 individuals) and the national average weekly number of violent incidents (0.18 per 100,000 individuals). A 10 percent increase in the supply of electricity from the mean in any given week is associated with a 6.8 percent reduction in violent incidents from the mean the following week, an additional 7.3 percent reduction two weeks later, and a further 6.7 percent incidents after the third week. On the other hand, a 10 percent decrease in the average number of violent incidents in a given week leads to a direct decline of 0.43 percent in the per capita supply of electricity in the following week but has no (statistically significant) effect thereafter. Consistent with a causal story, we find that the effect of electricity on violence is greatest during summer months, when, in the face of temperature well in excess of 100 degrees, demand for electricity is at its peak.
Obama has now embraced the position that conditions in Iraq cannot be remedied without a change in central government policies, arguing last Friday that the problem is “not solely or even primarily a military challenge. … Iraq’s leaders have been unable to overcome too often the mistrust and sectarian differences … ” And he has conditioned U.S. support to the Iraqi regime on “a serious and sincere effort by Iraq’s leaders to set aside sectarian differences … and account for the legitimate interests of all of Iraq’s communities.”
If history is any guide, to counter ISIS’ influence, Iraqi forces should find a strategy that combines offensive military tactics with meeting the needs of citizens within affected communities more effective than the former by itself. The task is likely to grow both more urgent and complicated as Islamic militants commit additional resources to offering social services within communities they have overtaken. Specifically, research suggests that the Iraqi government must not simply provide for citizens but outcompete the insurgents attempting to do so as well.
A note on the empirical strategy: We regress electricity provision on insurgent attacks against coalition and Iraqi forces using a dynamic panel by districts with weekly frequency. To account for the possible selection of greater electricity supply within predictably less violent areas of the country, we use the weekly differences in electricity supply and in the number of violent incidents. We fully expect insurgent violence to affect electricity levels, so our primary explanatory variables consist of four lags of electricity supply (in differences), whose collective effect we measure. We control for lagged increases in violence in order to sort out predictive trends in violence, and we add a series of relevant controls including U.S. and Iraqi government spending electricity infrastructure and U.S. troop levels, as well as pre-war fixed district characteristics, such as ethnicity, income per capita, and access to other public services.
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What is commonly referred to as "New York City" is actually a group of five boroughs which include Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Bronx and Staten Island. Brooklyn was incorporated as a city in 1834 and in 1898 became part of greater New York City. It remains New York's most populous borough.
The completion of the Brooklyn Bridge in 1883 was followed rapidly by construction and opening of other bridges which connected Manhattan to Brooklyn; the Williamsburg Bridge was opened in 1903 and the Manhattan Bridge, on which construction began in 1901, was opened in 1909. In 1911, a proposal was made to add statues to the pylons on the Brooklyn side of the Manhattan Bridge. In 1913, Daniel Chester French was commissioned to design and oversee the carving of two large statues representing the two boroughs linked by the bridge, Brooklyn and Manhattan. The staues were completed and installed in 1916. The removal of the pylons in 1963 (due to modified traffic patterns) found the statues relocated to the Brooklyn Museum where they can now be found. The recent renovation of the Museum in 2003 was cause for cleaning and restoration of French's massive statues and they now flank the new entrance of the museum.
Like French's "Continents", "Brooklyn" and "Manhattan" are allegorical representations in human form of the character of a geographic location. Each borough has a distinct character and is surrounded by items which reflect some of the industry and culture of each place. Manhattan sits in an aloof posture, reflecting its sense of superiority and dignity. Her foot on a chest (of money? - Mahnattan is a great financial center) and wearing a crown representative of a skyscraper, she holds a winged globe and is surrounded with a Greek torso (representative of the many museums in Manhattan), the bows of three ships and a peacock. Brooklyn, on the other hand, has a stunningly beautiful contenance, her head crowned with a laurel wreath and surrounded by a young boy reading, a church and a lyre. Both statues could not be more different in character yet they so accurately reflect the different aspects of each borough. The statues are carved in granite.
"Brooklyn" and "Manhattan" flank the new front entrance to the Brooklyn Museum (formerly called the Brooklyn Museum of Art) which is easily accessible at the "Eastern Parkway/Brooklyn Museum" stop on the number 2 or 3 New York city subway lines. One can get quite close to Mahnattan and you can also see the back of Manhattan through a window in one of the museum's galleries; Brooklyn, on the other hand, is rather high up and far away and it is much more difficult to view in detail. Both statues sit on a terrace which is open periodically for special events which would lend to much better observation of French's fine work.
All photos below were taken by Douglas Yeo in July 2004.
|This view shows "Brooklyn" as one comes up the stairs out of the Eastern Parkway/Brooklyn Museum stop on the New York City 2 and 3 train lines.|
|A front view of "Brooklyn."|
|"Brooklyn" from the front left side showing the young boy reading a book.|
|A full view of "Brooklyn" from the left.|
|This view shows "Brooklyn" from the front right side, showing the church and lyre.|
|"Manhattan" from the front.|
|A view of "Manhattan" from the front left.|
|"Manhattan" from the right side. Note the aloof way in which she carries her head.|
|This view of the back and left side of "Manhattan" was taken through a window in a gallery inside the Brooklyn Museum. It shows some rough elements to the statue which were not intended to be seen in the original installation on the Manhattan Bridge.|
|This front view of the Brooklyn Museum shows French's statues in situ, with "Manhattan" on the left side and "Brooklyn" on the right.|
All rights reserved.
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You can have a lot of fun camping, even if you are all grown up now. You can have a great time, so long as you are properly educated and devoted to creating the right adventure. These tips can help you.
When you’re camping, always look for shelter prior to dark. Once it gets dark, it is much harder to find wood for your fire, prepare food, and get your tent ready. Those that live in urban areas find this to be the case even more than those that are used to pitch black darkness. Don’t let this happen to you, and have a shelter set up before dark.
Camping provides the inevitable experience that you, your family and most of your possessions will probably get dirty. If you’re prepared beforehand, it won’t stress you out when it occurs. Enjoy your time and don’t afraid to be messy. When you return home, make sure to stay as organized as possible.
First aid classes are important to take when you are planning a camping trip with friends or family. In an emergency, your first aid training could be the difference between life and death. Make sure you do the proper research. Look into snake species, poisonous plants, spiders, bugs, and other animals.
Find all of your equipment and start packing well in advance of your trip. You definitely don’t want to leave something essential behind, such as your sleeping bag or tent. Look over the items you plan to bring and create a checklist before leaving to ensure that all of your essential gear comes with you.
Before going to a new place to go camping, you need to know what dangers may be lurking. This refers to things like dangerous fauna, geography and climate. Every location has its own dangers.
Teach your kids about camping safety before you bring them camping. You can always visit websites that illustrate the dangers posed by poison ivy as well as other harmful plants.
If you are a novice at camping, don’t stray far from home. That way, if problems arise, you won’t be too far from help. Also, you can easily get home if you don’t have enough food or clothing. All sorts of things can happy the first time you go camping. It’s better for mishaps to occur close to home.
Write down a list of all the essentials that are required before embarking on your trip. This is especially important if you must travel a while to get to the campgrounds. To ensure that everything gets packed, mark each item off the list as you pack it.
Before setting out on your camping adventure, plan for what you will wear. Be sure you have enough clean clothes to last the entire trip. Also, remember to bring clothing that is weather appropriate for the climate of your campsite. It is also a good idea to bring a few pairs of shoes so that you have extras in case of mud or water getting into them.
Keep pictures of your children handy if they are camping with you. This picture could be used to help find them if they were to get separated from the group and lost. Be sure to have a photo for an emergency, even more so if you’re camping far away from your home.
Pack plenty of jerky and trail mix when planning for a camping trip. When you reach the end of a long day, it may not sound appealing to cook, so it helps to have these things to eat when you’re too tired. They will stay fresh for long periods of time, so they won’t go to waste.
It’s essential to take duct tape on every camping trip. Tents are pretty durable, but they still have the tendency to get weathered and torn. Your tent can easily be repaired with some duct tape, which will keep you nice and dry in your damaged tent.
Many people get food poisoning each year while camping because they do not pack properly. If food is not properly vacuum-sealed, canned, or preserved, you risk getting sick from spoiled food. Bring lots of ice to prevent food from spoiling, and remove the drain plug on the cooler so your food stays dry.
Select a sleeping bag that works with the temperature and season. You need a lightweight sleeping bag for the summertime. Conversely, during the winter you need to choose a heavy bag.
If you enjoyed camping as a child, the proper advice and desire will allow you to go again. Use the ideas in this article to reawaken your interest in camping and start the planning for a great trip.
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Make Every Day "Health Equity Day"
This blog was first published in Medium.
By: Jay Gribble
As a kid, after celebrating Mother’s Day and Father’s Day, I asked my mom about kid’s day, to which she responded, every day is kid’s day. When I went looking for a global day of health equity and didn’t find one, I thought similarly. Every day should be health equity day! The Health Policy Plus (HP+) project is dedicated to advancing policies that improve access, quality, financing, and governance that allow health equity to become a reality. Yet health equity remains elusive, with definitions that are difficult to understand and even more difficult to measure. If we think of health equity as existing when everyone has a fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible, then achieving health equity must extend beyond the health sector. Broad policy areas that include poverty reduction and efforts to end discrimination must be part of the solution to tackle big structural issues that stand in the way of anyone being as healthy as possible. Efforts to address employment, education, housing, and the environment all come into play as we think about the barriers that stand in the way of achieving health equity.
Ultimately, achieving health equity will require both a multisectoral and systematic approach; one that links to labor, education, and gender, and that follows a stepwise process. Within the health sector, there are a variety of ways that we can achieve incremental progress on health equity. One potential model to follow is the four-step policy process: (1) identifying disparity and its underlying causes, (2) advocating for and achieving policy changes, followed by implementing those new policies, (3) monitoring the policy to ensure it is achieving desired improvement, and (4) continuing to look for ways to reduce disparity through revised strategies and policies.
Step 1: Identifying Disparity
A critical first step is to identify disparity and its underlying causes. One example is an approach that HP+ developed for diagnosing inequity in family planning programs. This approach uniquely identifies inequalities for a diverse range of disadvantaged subgroups—based on age, marital status, education, residence, ethnicity, and religion, not just wealth quintile. In addition, the approach identifies inequalities across various domains of family planning—looking beyond use of family planning to accessibility, availability, and quality of family planning—at both national and subnational levels. By applying the methodology to Uganda, previously unmeasured disparities have been identified that can help program managers use scarce resources to improve health equity. Similarly, HP+ collaborated with Indonesia’s national health insurance scheme (JKN) to determine if it is improving equity in healthcare access. When considering geography and socioeconomic status, the analysis found that expenditures had been inequitable—and are becoming increasingly inequitable. The analysis led to practical recommendations related to facility location, human resources for health, and reaching beneficiaries with additional information. These examples illustrate the key role that data and information can play in identifying and quantifying the extent to which inequities exist—and among which groups—so that a policy solution can be developed and implemented to improve health equity.
Step 2: Advocate, Achieve, Implement
A second step to improving health equity is to develop new policies, advocate for their approval, and support their implementation. Our work in Madagascar provides an example. Since the 1920s, Madagascar’s family planning efforts were governed by a French colonial legal framework that prohibited distribution of contraception to youth or married women without spousal consent. Recognizing the need for a new law that reflects current thinking about reproductive empowerment and autonomy, HP+ provided technical and financial support to stakeholders to develop a new law and advocate to decisionmakers at each step of the approval process. In December 2017, the Senate of Madagascar passed a landmark reproductive health and family planning law that marked the final step in the law's adoption. The president's promulgation of the new law is a tremendous step forward toward rights-based reproductive health services in the country.
Similarly, in Malawi the government identified the need for a policy that addressed the reproductive health needs of young people—especially the most vulnerable populations—given that youth under the age of 24 represent almost two-thirds of the country’s population and experience high rates of HIV infection and unintended pregnancy. With support from HP+ and input from a range of ministries and stakeholders, the Government of Malawi developed the Youth Friendly Health Services Strategy 2015–2020, which focuses on family planning, HIV, teen pregnancy, comprehensive sexuality education, and access to services. The strategy is built around five objectives that include enhancing the enabling environment; comprehensive and age appropriate information and services; strengthening ownership, coordination, and collaboration among implementing stakeholders; community engagement; and resource mobilization. HP+ has supported the strategy’s rollout to help providers understand their roles in achieving the strategy’s objectives and to help young people understand what they are entitled to receive under the policy.
Step 3: Monitor Progress
Many assume that the approval of a law or policy resolves health inequities, but monitoring key indicators that track progress is essential to determining how effective the new policy is in closing the equity gap. HP+ has supported the development of costed implementation plans (CIPs) in many countries that serve as a roadmap to help achieve family planning goals. And while the CIP is designed to improve access and achieve goals, performance monitoring is a key element to determine if a country is on the way to achieving its goals. HP+ adapted Palladium’s strategy execution approach in developing a CIP performance monitoring approach that tracks improvements in a set of key indicators. While CIP tools help stakeholders monitor progress, added structured review meetings foster accountability for progress and inform priority-setting for the next reporting period.
As another example, in Guatemala, HP+ supported the National Contraceptive Security Commission to develop a monitoring system that allows the commission and other stakeholders to track how the strategy is being implemented, as well as its impact on family planning in the country. The automated system monitors and facilitates collecting, processing, analyzing, and submitting information on financing and family planning services. With this data, the commission can ensure the availability of contraceptive supplies in all parts of the country—helping close gaps in health equity. These systematic approaches to policy monitoring guide decisionmakers in determining how well policies are being implemented and the extent to which resources need to be redirected, program areas emphasized, and policies revised for better alignment with health equity goals.
Step 4: Revise as Needed
If a policy revision is needed, stakeholders need to make the case with evidence, as well as clear recommendations as to how the current policy should be revised to address equity and other goals. Burkina Faso’s task-sharing policy provides an example. For several years, the policy was not sufficiently inclusive of different cadres of providers, contraceptive methods, or self-care. In 2020, the Burkinabe Ministry of Health, with support from HP+ and other stakeholders, revised the policy to include new task distributions including dispensing of DMPA-SC by private pharmacists, self-injection of DMPA-SC, and the HIV self-test. This revision provides a framework that describes how task-sharing will be scaled up in a structured way across all levels of the health system. This type of revision recognizes that new technologies and products become available and aims to ensure all people have access to them, thereby reducing health inequities.
Closing Health Equity Gaps
Eliminating health inequities is a broad goal and a tall order because it requires working within the health system, as well as outside it. HP+ focuses on how to close health equity gaps by promoting evidence-based laws, policies, and guidelines, and working within the four-step policy cycle to keep a vigilant eye on the underlying causes of inequities and how proposed policy solutions are closing existing equity gaps. While we celebrate the achievements presented here, these are just a few of the examples of how promoting health equity takes place. If we “make everyday health equity day,” addressing these gaps become second nature and we focus on not only the great leaps forward but on the intermediate steps we need to take to get there.
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A woke American scientist got the name of the Asian giant hornet, commonly referred to as a “murder hornet,” changed this week in an apparent attempt to be less offensive to China.
The giant insects can decimate entire populations of honeybees, literally ripping their heads off, and their painful stings can be potentially be fatal to humans if they are allergic.
Asian giant hornets have recently been spotted in small numbers in the Pacific Northwest, where officials have rushed to exterminate them before they become a permanent fixture of local habitats in the U.S.
The Entomological Society of America (ESA) now demands that the insect be called the “Northern giant hornet” to avoid stigmas amid anti-Asian sentiment due to the coronavirus pandemic, which originated in China.
Chris Looney, an entomologist at the Washington State Department of Agriculture, admitted in his proposal to rename the Asian giant hornet that the invasive species is “native to parts of Asia” and that the name is “accurate.”
While Looney cited three different reasons for wanting to rename the insect, his top listed reason was stigma associated the name.
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The director Lauri Nurkse tells that Veijarit is a film about "arjensietokyvyttömyys" (= inability to tolerate everyday life) and about the Peter Pan complex. The main actor Mikko Leppilampi says it's about "kolkyttoistavuotiaat" (= thirtyeenagers = people of thirty behaving like teenagers). An immediate reference point is the commedia all'italiana of the 1950s and the 1960s, the black comedy often exposing the infantile stage of development of the Italian male. Saku and Ässä are anti-heroes, but we never fail to sense the humanity behind their shallow and crazy ways. Veijarit is a satire and a parody of a superficial way of life, but there is a vitality in the protagonists that we feel can lead them to a more meaningful stage of existence after the prolonged youth full of sound and fury. There is a motif of transcendence in the imagery of flying: will the balloons carry me or will they burst..
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Posts Tagged honesty
Being honest often requires courage. And courage is about letting go of fear and trusting yourself.
Trust is the gap between what you know to be true and what you have faith in.
And truth drives out falsity.
Have faith in, and be true to, yourself (“above all else” as the Bard once said.)
accountability, Ancient Wisdom, anger, Chakras, consciousness, courage, daily thought, druid, druidism, druidry, fear, Gnostic, Gnosticism, honesty, karma, law of attraction, law of consequence, Law of Reversibility, magician, metaphysical, pagan, paganism, relationship problems, relationships, responsibility, sadness, self help, shakespeare, tip, tip for the day, Truth, warrior, words of wisdom
Spirit doesn’t work through intellect. Spirit affects feelings that pass through the mind to be interpreted and experienced. If the conscious mind is receptive to these feelings, you feel good, you can become high spirited. Your conscious mind passes the feeling of goodness to your unconscious mind – which despatches signals to your DNA to expand and increase their vibration. Your DNA rejoices. You send out a good vibe to the universe.
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When the feelings despatched by spirit touch a “nerve,” a fear, your mind becomes unreceptive. This fear passes straight down into your unconscious mind, on to your DNA, which sends out a negative vibe to the universe. It wasn’t spirit that sent you a negative feeling, it was your mind that transmuted spirit’s signal into fear. Spirit can’t force you to choose courage instead of fear. It tells you. You intuit what spirit says. Your intuition might prompt you to choose courage – but your conscious mind has power of veto. So listen to spirit carefully.
When your intuition tells you to, choose courage. And when you’re completely honest with yourself, your heart will create boundaries to protect you. Choose the courage to allow fear into your conscious psyche. Neither feed nor fight that fear. Acknowledge it and let it be. Your unconscious mind has then no negative signals to send to your DNA.
Allow fear space. Let it be. Fear that is neither fed nor fought gets “bored eventually – and leaves. Spirit rewards courage and honesty with protection.
The learning process, to allow fear space, is subtle. Fear’s subsequent release is even more subtle. It’s not an intellectual process. But once you have experienced a release, you’ll know what I’m talking about.
Sometimes your fear might be unconscious. In which case go get professional help to unearth it. Find out what it is, where it came from, how you got it, who gave it you – and the impact it’s had on the decisions you make in life. And when you find out…..
Let your fear be. Take your time. Tread one step at a time with spirit. There’s a temptation to rush ahead; fill in the blanks to missing wisdom with fantasy; join dots that aren’t meant to be connected. Tread carefully, honestly, courageously and diligently. Find your truth.
Paul C Burr
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You gave me the greatest gift I could ever have received which is to know my own being, and this is why I will always be grateful, and never forget our work last week. I now have found the path to not only happiness, but wisdom too. They say happy is the wise man, and I might add happy is this wise woman, through meeting a wise man, thank you again.”
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Traditional Low German Mennonite (LGM) colony land-use practices in Bolivia are rooted in a singular focus on agricultural production. However, new Bolivian laws for sustainable land-use practices, a global concern about land-clearing and shifts in long-term local climate patterns have implications for the future of traditional LGM livelihoods in the country. Within this inherently complex situation, MCC has a unique opportunity to come alongside struggling LGM communities and promote sustainable land-use practices.
In 2013, MCC Bolivia began an emergency response project working with the LGM Durango colony in the municipality of Charagua in response to a severe drought. MCC provided feed for cattle and later seeds for feed crops, allowing LGM farmers to maintain base livestock necessary to sustain their basic livelihood needs. In 2014, at the request of LGM community partners, MCC began a related project to help young, low-income families establish a new daughter colony of Durango called La Esperanza. This project included clearing land to establish the colony, but in accordance with Bolivian laws and regulations on land-use practices. Like the original Durango project, the La Esperanza project was also an emergency response to drought.
As with any project, MCC must work within a mix of different cultural assumptions that complicate the NGO-partner relationship. The Low German Mennonite productive economy in Bolivia is generally focused on the production of grains, milk and cheese. Farming relies on large machinery. These practices, combined with large families (often with ten or more members), create the need to find and clear more land. The challenge for MCC is to work alongside the insular colony system to validate its strengths, while working together to make positive changes that improve quality of life, the sustainability of colony land-use practices, compliance with Bolivian law and relationships with Indigenous communities.
With this in mind, MCC needed to take a number of factors into consideration when working with LGM colonies to clear land. First, MCC was mindful of Bolivian colonial history and the history of Indigenous land loss. MCC is also transparent before Bolivian law and the constitution, ratified in 2009 as a result of Indigenous activism and recognized internationally for its progressive promotion of Indigenous rights and priorities. It was therefore important for MCC to build good relationships with Indigenous Guaraní communities in the region, be aware of potential conflicts between LGM colonies and their Indigenous neighbours and help build right relationships and understanding between Guaraní and LGM communities.
A second important consideration was the new progressive Bolivian food security and forest restitution law number 337. This law forces Bolivian farmers to implement practices such as adequate pasture rotation, cover cropping, wind barriers and agrosilvopastoral systems (agriculture that includes crops, forests and animal pasturage). In this context of strong cultural traditions and new national laws, MCC does not play the role of a driver for change, but rather helps LGM colonies understand the new laws and build colony capacity to comply, avoid fines and build healthier and more profitable farms.
With these considerations in mind, MCC had an opportunity in La Esperanza colony to help low-income Mennonites make the necessary changes in their practices for a more sustainable future. Through the project, ten to fifteen trees per hectare are being left on cleared land, wind breaks are being implemented to reduce erosion, Cupesí trees (which cattle can graze on and use for shade) are being planted in pastures and, in the future, small, irrigated garden plots and fruit trees for home consumption will be introduced.
While La Esperanza’s short-term achievements are considerable, MCC also has a long-term vision. The implementation of cover crops, agrosilvopastoral systems and adequate crop/pasture rotations in the colony have yet to be achieved. However, with the build-up of credibility brought on by this project (itself made possible by years of trust- and relationship-building), the arrival of new personnel later in 2016 and the state’s implementation of Bolivian law 337, MCC hopes to continue to build on present gains and good practices.
Building participation and enthusiasm has been a successful part of the project in La Esperanza. The formation of La Esperanza colony was not MCC’s idea, but a community initiative in need of MCC support. According to past MCC Bolivia LGM program director Wilmar Harder, the idea for this project arose out of meetings in which, for the first time in MCC Bolivia history, colony leadership (bishop, elders and others) directly called a meeting and asked MCC to work with them. LGM participation was therefore never in doubt because the project was theirs from the beginning: the question was if MCC would participate.
Due to its long history of work with Bolivian Mennonites, MCC is uniquely positioned to work alongside LGM colonies. While LGM colony structure and culture can often seem to impede change, there are few other outside actors with which colonies willingly work. By supporting a small percentage of the land clearing for La Esperanza, MCC has accompanied the entire new colony in the process of implementing sustainable land-use techniques compliant with the law. Furthermore, this initial MCC investment provides the opportunity to continue building colony capacity to implement agrosilvopasotral systems, cover cropping and pasture rotations, while providing economic opportunities for low-income families and building resiliency to the effects of climate change.
In order to work within the complexities of the local partner-North American donor dynamic, MCC must remain flexible to the call and needs of partner communities. In Bolivia, the LGM colonies’ intense focus on agriculture as a means to make a living and their rapid population growth will likely become increasingly problematic as tighter government restrictions are placed on land clearing. In this situation, MCC might be tempted to play the role of the prophet of doom calling out from a smug North American perch. However, MCC must be willing to meet partner communities on their own development path, and help them bring about positive changes for themselves and those around them, even if those changes are incremental rather than radical.
Jordan Penner is MCC interim representative for Bolivia. Patrocinio Garvizu is food security and sustainable livelihoods coordinator and grounds manager with MCC Bolivia.
Muller, R., Pacheco, P., and Montero, J.C. The Context of Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Bolivia: Drivers, Agents and Institutions. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research, 2014. Available at http://www.cifor.org/library/4600/the-context-of-deforestation-and-forest-degradation-in-bolivia-drivers-agents-and-institutions/
Fraser, Barbara. “Food and Forests: Bolivia’s Balancing Act.” (2014). Available at: http://blog.cifor.org/25157/deforestation-food-security-in-bolivia?fnl=en
Slunge, D., and von Walter, S. “Environment and Climate Change in Bolivia: Challenges and Opportunities for Development.” (2013). Available at: http://blog.cifor.org/25157/deforestation-food-security-in-bolivia?fnl=en
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Can You See Me?
Tally is eleven years old and she's just like her friends. Well, sometimes she is. If she tries really hard to be. Because there's something that makes Tally not the same as her friends. Something she can't cover up, no matter how hard she tries: Tally is autistic.
Tally's autism means there are things that bother her even though she wishes they didn't. It means that some people misunderstand, her and feel frustrated by her.
People think that because Tally's autistic, she doesn't realise what they're thinking, but Tally sees and hears - and notices - all of it. And, honestly? That's not the easiest thing to live with.
Rebecca Westcott has been a teacher for many years and currently teaches part-time in an elementary school where she is the special educational needs coordinator. Can You See Me? is her US debut. She lives in Dorset, England, with her husband and three children.
Libby Scott is a young autistic writer who lives in the UK with her family. Since her Life of a Perfectionist essay went viral online, she has become an autism advocate, speaking about her own experience at conferences and in interviews. Can You See Me? is her first novel.
This glimpse into the world of a young autistic girl is astonishingly insightful and honest. Tally's struggles to 'fit in' are heart-wrenching, and her victories are glorious. -- Ann M. Martin, Newbery Honor and New York Times bestselling author of Rain Reign
Tally is smart, compassionate, and she has a superpower: autism. This own voices story is wonderfully authentic and informing. It doesn't portray an 'autistic girl'; rather, we get to meet a well-defined, relatable character who also has autism. I hope this book finds its way into the hands of readers everywhere as a reminder that our perceived weaknesses can also be our greatest strengths. -- Wesley King, bestselling author of OCDaniel
* Give [this book] to everyone, because a little understanding can go a long way. -- School Library Journal, starred review
* This is a sweetly appealing story of finding oneself in a time of change, and it's heartening to see an autistic protagonist who finds happiness through the growth of those around her and not via learning to hide herself . . . Alongside a compelling heroine, vividly accurate portrayals of stressful situations and specific needs offer a rare and valuable window into one autistic point of view. -- Publishers Weekly, starred review
Tally's story -- based on Scott (herself 11 and autistic) and co-written with the neurotypical Westcott -- shines with authenticity. The deceptively simple prose sticks tightly to Tally's point of view, conveying her courage and quirky charm while rendering with painful acuity her struggles with anxiety and sensory overload. Her triumph comes in her resolve to present as her own unique, different 'normal.' -- Kirkus Reviews
47 Strings: Tessa's Special Code
paperback Synopsis A children’s picture book about the remarkable lessons to be learned from a little girl named Tessa, who was born with Down syndrome....
A Boy and a Jaguar
Hardcover Synopsis Alan loves animals, but the great cat house at the Bronx Zoo makes him sad. Why are they all alone in empty cages? Are they...
A Boy Called Bat
paperback Synopsis The first book in a funny, heartfelt, and irresistible young middle grade series starring an unforgettable young boy on the autism spectrum. For...
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Well, since I knew nothing about this service I had to learn more about it. The website indicates that the network “allows law enforcement agencies to send out crime alert bulletins to businesses and the public about crime which may affect them. The program assists businesses in preventing and deterring crime, as well as assist police departments in solving crime and apprehending criminals. Alerts are tailored to specific types of businesses and geographic regions in order to provide the most useful information to those who are voluntary members of the network.”
There is an annual cost of $12 per year to receive the alerts.
Alerts could include information on police action, crime prevention, finding stolen property, identifying suspects, and locating missing persons. Alerts are sent via email, fax and text.
Businesses may want to take advantage of this service for various reasons, including keeping current on crimes that could affect their customers or facility.
Businesses can select from a list of 50 different business types when they register. A few examples include schools, manufacturing, nursing homes, media or banks/financial entities.
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Your Air plants don’t need fertilizer if you water them with rainwater, pond water, or aquarium water. You have to use air plant fertilizer at least 4 to 6 times a year if you give normal tap water to your plants. This encourages healthy growth and gives nice blooms.
Nowadays most of the house owners like to grow air plants over other houseplants. Because these decorative plants are easy to grow and don’t need any kind of soil to live.
But this doesn’t mean they don’t need nutrients. We all know nutrients are essential for every plant.
If you give proper care and nutrients to your plants, they grow healthy, look good, and become a good piece of decoration.
In this post, you will know how to grow, care, water, and fertilize air plants.
Let’s start from the Basic questions
Before we discuss the best air plant fertilizer and their care steps. Let’s know more about the air plants and their nutritional requirements.
Air plants have more than 100 species. They are the permanent member of the bromeliad group of plants. These plants don’t need soil to live they grow in the air and use their roots to attach themselves to other plants.
The interesting thing is they don’t consider parasites. Because they do not absorb nutrients from other plants. They absorb nutrients from the water through their leaves. In their natural habitat when the raindrops fall on them. They use the tiny pore on their leaves to absorb moisture and nutrients.
This clears that when you grow air plants at home you need to mist nutrient-rich water on their leaves. So that the plants can absorb nutrients easily and quickly.
Some air plants have large size leaves whereas others have thread-like sleek leaves.
Air plants are native to North America but none of their Variety tolerates winter temperature. They die when the temperature drops below 10 degrees C. They can survive in winter but only if you grow them inside your home.
They absorb moisture and nutrients through their leaves. Therefore, Warm and humid conditions are best to keep them alive in cold weather.
Also, you need to water them more often in the winter season. Because in winter the heating system keeps our houses warm. But this heat reduces the humidity in the air. In low humidity, air plants run out of moisture quickly. So, frequent water sprays are the only option to save indoor-grown air plants in winters.
The best way of watering air plants
Most of the time people think that air plants don’t need care. As their name is Air plant, they assume that the plant gets all necessary nutrients and moisture from the air itself. But in reality, they do need care.
The most important part of air plant care is keeping the high moisture level. If they don’t receive the right amount of moisture plants will die in a few days. So, it is important to understand how to water air plants. Because they receive moisture from the air through their leaves, not through root systems.
In forests, these plants get proper moisture from the humid air. We don’t have the same level of humidity inside our homes. Use any of the following methods of watering air plants.
Misting the water
In this method, you need a spray bottle or you can buy a plant mister from Amazon. Pick the plant from the decorative container, place it on your palm, and spray the water on it. Once you finish watering-place it on the paper towel for 2 hours to dry then place it back in its place.
Make sure you mist water on all parts of the plant especially on the leaves.
Bowl or Sink method
The main benefit of watering in a bowl or sink is you need to water air plants once in a week. This is the best method of watering all varieties of air plants.
Fill the bowl or sink with clean drinkable freshwater, place your plants in it for about 60 minutes. So that plants can absorb enough amount of water. Then take out the plants and tip them upside down to remove unwanted water. Place them on the towel paper or on a clean cotton cloth to dry. Once they get dry place them back on their place.
The best type of water for Air plants
You can use different kinds of water to water air plants. But before watering them keep the following things in mind.
Best tips to water Air plants
Do not use water that has any amount of slat, for example, softened water. Because this salt can build up on the leaves and cause many plant problems.
Distilled water is not recommended for Air plants.
Tap water is good for air plants but before watering let the water sit at room temperature for 24 hours. This way the chlorine in the water sits down and does not harm the plant leaves.
Springwater or rainwater is best for watering air plants
Aquarium or pond water is another excellent kind of water for growing air plants. These waters have a good amount of dissolved nutrients. Just make sure you don’t give extra fertilizer to the plant with pond or aquarium water.
How often to water Air Plant Varieties?
Actually, the answer depends upon the environment of your house. If the humidity levels inside your home are high then you don’t need frequent watering. The best place for the air plants is the bathroom because the shower room has high humidity.
Don’t grow them in rooms where fans are left constantly running because the constant airflow keeps them dry.
Once you see curled leaves, folded leaves, this means your plant needs water.
Brown leaves mean water it immediately and place it in a high humid place for 24 hours. This will help you in saving your dying plants.
Air plant and Light
Air plants need bright filtered light. Filtered light means indirect light. Direct sunlight can damage the plant in a single day. Find a place in your home where your plants can get indirect bright light. In winter if you think your plant is not getting enough light place. Change its place and move it to the east or south-facing window.
Or you can use a normal fluorescent light to help your plant.
Don’t need to buy and use special-purpose grow lights for growing air plants. Grow lights are necessary when you grow plants that take nutrients from the soil through their root systems.
Check the all-time Best LED grow lights.
How to use Air plant Fertilizer?
Your air plants don’t require fertilization if you water them with rainwater, pond, or aquarium water. These waters contain all the necessary nutrients and your plants get everything from such waters.
To fertilize air plants, you need to use special Air plant fertilizer or Bromeliad fertilizer 2 to 5 times per year.
You can also use the liquid form of normal houseplant fertilizers.
Always add fertilizer into the water that you are going to use for watering your air plants. The mist is on the plant leaves.
Dilute the normal liquid houseplant fertilizer before using it on air plants.
Which fertilizer is best for my Air plants?
Fertilizers that are rich in nitrogen along with the balanced ratio of potassium and phosphorous are excellent for Growing Air plants. These plants are hungry for nitrogen. But the problem is normal plant fertilizers cannot work on air plants.
Because normal plant fertilizers are designed in a way that the microorganisms in the soil can easily break the nitrogen and make it available for the plant via root systems.
But our air plants don’t live in soil, they need different fertilizers that are specially made for them.
Use specially made Tillandsia air plant fertilizer spray bottle.
Additional Air plant care Tips
A few more air plant care tips are as follows.
When you see one or more leaves at the base of the plant are dying. Cut them off immediately so that the problem cannot spread to other leaves.
Also, remove the brown color leaves, use plant grooming shears to cut them off. Cut the leaves at an angle so that the trimmed leaves blend easily with other healthy leaves.
Keep the temperature between 50 to 90 F.
Save your plant from cold and hot winds.
Do the Air Plant Bloom?
If you use air plant fertilizer your plants will surely bloom. Actually, these plants bloom once in their life. Winter or spring is their blooming time. Bloom spikes can be purple, orange, red, or yellow. Most of the tillandsia varieties bloom only once in their life span.
Air plant fertilizer helps your plant to bloom for a long time.
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Proinsulin is an abundant protein that is selectively expressed by pancreatic beta cells and has been a focus for development of antigen-specific immunotherapies for type 1 diabetes (T1D). In this study, we sought to comprehensively evaluate reactivity to preproinsulin by CD4 T cells originally isolated from pancreatic islets of organ donors having T1D. We analyzed 187 T cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes expressed by CD4 T cells obtained from six T1D donors and determined their response to 99 truncated preproinsulin peptide pools, in the presence of autologous B cells. We identified 14 TCR clonotypes from four out of the six donors that responded to preproinsulin peptides. Epitopes were found across all of proinsulin (insulin B-chain, C-peptide, and A-chain) including four hot spot regions containing peptides commonly targeted by TCR clonotypes derived from multiple T1D donors. Of importance, these hot spots overlap with peptide regions to which CD4 T cell responses have previously been detected in the peripheral blood of T1D patients. The 14 TCR clonotypes recognized proinsulin peptides presented by various HLA class II molecules, but there was a trend for dominant restriction with HLA-DQ, especially T1D risk alleles DQ8, DQ2, and DQ8-trans. The characteristics of the tri-molecular complex including proinsulin peptide, HLA-DQ molecule, and TCR derived from CD4 T cells in islets, provides an essential basis for developing antigen-specific biomarkers as well as immunotherapies.
Keywords: T cell receptors; antigens; epitopes; islets; preproinsulin; type 1 diabetes.
Copyright © 2021 Landry, Anderson, Russ, Yu, Kent, Atkinson, Mathews, Michels and Nakayama.
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I recently travelled to northwest Oregon to explore an abandoned railroad and ghost town on the Salmonberry River. The section I explored is part of the 86 mile long Tillamook Bay railroad that was damaged and abandoned in 2007 after a heavy storm. My mission was to hike five miles from an access road down the tracks to a ghost town called Enright.
From my research, I learned that there are plans to develop the railroad into a rail trail that will allow cyclists to ride from the suburbs west of Portland all the way to the coast at Tillamook. I also learned that the trail has been recently closed to the public; apparently it became a hip place to go after some internet posts a few years back, and the authorities were concerned about public safety. They had been allowing people to visit at their own risk, but that was no longer good enough for the government, who apparently acted after someone’s dog fell 180 feet off a bridge and died. Wanting to see the route before the rail trail tamed it, and not worried about restrictions that were probably unenforceable and designed to keep non-Scouts out, I packed up my Scout bag and headed south.
I began my hike from the confluence of the Salmonberry and Nehalem rivers; the more popular starting point is at Cochran Pond 16 miles up the tracks, but I was intrigued by the ghost town and wanted a more discreet access point that was less likely to be monitored by authorities. The tracks at the access road looked almost normal, like you’d see at any rural railroad crossing, but that would soon change. I ignored a sign saying the area was closed and walked quietly past several houses near the tracks, feeling rather exposed in broad daylight.
Fortunately the tracks soon became overgrown and the houses ended as I passed into one of the wilder sections of the route. The tracks ran along the Salmonberry river, which was a beautiful clear turquoise that looked very inviting as the day warmed up. Half a mile down the trail I ran into three friendly loggers, who warned me about some lines they had put in place two miles further down but didn’t seem concerned about my presence at all. I crossed trestles and an impressive bridge, which was built in 1922 but still looked very solid:
The next notable sight was a piece of track hanging in mid-air from where the storm had washed out the bank beneath it:
I also caught my first glimpse of the fiber optic cables that ran along the tracks, which were laid in the early 2000s to connect Portland to transpacific cables going to Asia and Australia. Apparently they were also damaged by the 2007 storm and abandoned.
A few miles in the going got more difficult, as the tracks became overgrown and swampy and I was forced to bushwhack, jump and machete my way through. It was impressive to see how quickly nature reclaimed the abandoned tracks, and it made me realize that if they don’t develop the rail trail and keep the area closed, this route might become totally overgrown and unhikeable in a few years.
I assume it was a water tower, thought it might have held something else that was loaded onto freight cars at this stop. There was a rusted ladder running up the side, which I quickly started climbing, wanting to see if I could get inside the tank. Halfway up, the ladder started to get wobbly and I decided that it wasn’t worth risking a dangerous fall in the middle of nowhere. So I unfurled my shadow sun banner instead and claimed this tower for the Shadow Empire.
Moving on, I soon came to a no trespassing sign on my right. Investigating, I saw that it led to a house with a large lawn that had been mowed recently. Retreating back to the tracks, I walked quietly past the rustic house, which appeared to be empty but well maintained. It was a creepy scene, like some post-apocalyptic country home where you might encounter mutant hillbillies or zombies or whatever disturbing thing you want to imagine. Fortunately I didn’t find any of that and soon moved on. I passed a long line of overgrown rail cars that had apparently been stranded here after the storm, which added to the end-of-the-world vibe. Then I came to a second house, also empty but with a large well maintained yard and some rather aggressive signs warning trespassers:
Who was mowing these yards and maintaining these houses, miles from civilization down a rough trail? Were they owned by the railroad? Were they planning to turn them into rental cabins? Your guess is as good as mine.
Near the second house, I came across this piece of artwork on one of the rail cars:
The artist presumably favors keeping the Salmonberry river wild and opposes the rail trail, and I can’t disagree with the message.
At this point I had seen what I came for and decided it was time to head back. I did some more Scout rituals to symbolically mark the area, then began the long trudge back to civilization. On the way back I did a little ninja training, using my grappling hook on the rail to climb up and down the steep railroad embankment and climbing on top of the bridges.
This was a magical expedition into a beautiful post-apocalyptic world, which I will definitely be back to explore further in the near future. Here is a video I made of my adventure:
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Climate Home News is one of the world’s most trusted independent sources of climate politics news. Sign up for our newsletter.
Under the Paris Agreement, governments worldwide agreed to hold global warming “well below 2C” and to aim for 1.5C.
The inclusion of that second, tougher, goal was a victory for small island states and other countries on the front line of climate change. It was an acknowledgement of fears that higher temperature rise posed an unacceptable threat to their futures.
But the vast bulk of research and analysis prior to 2015 centred on the 2C threshold, a more established international target. What would it take to bend the curve to 1.5C?
Enter the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The climate science body agreed to produce a special report on 1.5C, summarising all the available evidence.
Climate Home News has obtained an early version of the five-chapter report, which is due to be finalised in September. The IPCC stressed it was a work in progress and may change substantially. It is open for review by experts and governments, and may incorporate further studies published by 15 May. Read the draft summary for policymakers in full here.
What is clear from the content so far, though, is there is not much time left. Here are the main takeaways.
1. We’re close to the line
The world has already warmed 1C since pre-industrial times. At the current rate, we will pass 1.5C in the 2040s.
Definitions are important here. This is based on a 30-year average global temperature, centred on the year in question, compared to 1850-1900.
Parts of the world, for shorter periods of time, are almost certain to exceed 1.5C warming sooner than that. The UK Met Office sees a one in 10 chance the global average will flicker over 1.5C within five years.
2. 1.5C is risky
The fingerprints of climate change are already visible on extreme weather events, sea level rise and related impacts on ecosystems and human society. Each notch of warming brings more disruption.
At 1.5C, tropical reefs are at “high risk” of no longer being dominated by corals. The Arctic could become nearly ice-free in September. There will be “fundamental changes in ocean chemistry” that could take millennia to reverse.
3. 2C is riskier
The next half-degree ramps up the risk of flood, drought, water scarcity and intense tropical storms. There are knock-on effects: reduced crop yields, species extinction and transmission of infectious diseases like malaria. And these pressures multiply the threat of hunger, migration and conflict.
An extra 10cm of sea level rise is predicted this century with 2C compared to 1.5C. It also raises the risk of Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets collapsing over the long term, dooming future generations to multi-metre sea level rise.
4. Poor and coastal communities will be hit hardest
Vulnerable communities are already experiencing threats from climate change. At both 1.5C and 2C these effects scale up. When crops fail, smallhold farmers may lose their livelihoods and be compelled to leave their homes, while the urban poor suffer from food price spikes.
Fishing communities may see their catches dwindle. Coastal settlements are particularly exposed to storm surges and flooding.
5. “Rapid and deep” emissions cuts are needed…
Meeting the 1.5C goal is a huge ask. It implies cutting greenhouse gases faster than ever before across all sectors of the economy.
With the exception of recent upheaval in electricity supplies, the rate of change required “has no documented historic precedents”.
These shifts “require more planning, coordination and disruptive innovation across actors and scales of governance than the spontaneous or coincidental changes observed in the past”. They won’t happen by chance.
6. …and negative emissions…
At the same time, carbon dioxide needs to be sucked out of the atmosphere. It gets little attention from politicians or policymakers, yet every single pathway to 1.5C relies on this to some extent.
Depending on the scenario, 380-1130 gigatonnes of CO2 should be removed. Firstly, this is to cancel out the leftover emissions after everything that can be cut has been cut. Secondly, it makes up for overshooting the emissions limits that would keep temperatures below 1.5C.
The more emissions cuts are delayed, the more rests on negative emissions technology, which could be problematic.
7. …and luck
All of these models are probabilistic: assumptions about population, the economy, climate dynamics, policies and technologies go in and the likely impact on temperatures comes out. Some uncertainties are beyond human control.
Scenarios that give a 66% chance of holding temperature rise below 1.5C throughout this century are “already out of reach”, according to the draft summary.
That leaves a narrow path to walk to stay within the 1.5C threshold, or the prospect of overshooting and using negative emissions to restore the balance by 2100.
8. It’s all about the overshoot
As global warming outpaces efforts to curb it, models increasingly rely on “overshoot” to keep international targets within reach. That goes for 2C as well as 1.5C.
The bigger the overshoot – and scenarios in this report reach up to 1.9C before returning to 1.5C by 2100 – the more drastic action is needed to correct it.
And while temperature rise may be reversible, some impacts are not. An ice sheet cannot un-collapse or an extinct species be brought back to life.
9. Radical action has trade-offs
Scaling up negative emissions in line with the 1.5C goal may clash with efforts to end hunger.
The main two measures relied on to remove CO2 from the air are increasing forest cover and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (Beccs). The latter, which involves burning wood or other plant matter to generate electricity and pumping the emissions underground, is particularly controversial. Both require large amounts of land, potentially conflicting with food production.
“There is a high chance that the levels of CO2 removal implied in the scenarios might not be feasible due the required scale and speed of deployment required and trade-offs with sustainable development objectives,” the draft states.
The report does not make a judgement on which poses a greater threat to global food supply: bioenergy demand or 2C warming.
10. Beware techno-fixes
The draft takes a sceptical line on solar geoengineering, a prospective technology to cool the planet by reflecting heat into space.
Ethical implications, governance issues and public resistance could make it “economically, socially and institutionally infeasible”.
11. Prepare for social change
As much as any technology, 1.5C depends on people changing their behaviour.
That means the rich eating less meat, using energy sparingly and forgoing private cars. And it means tackling institutional barriers to action like public attitudes, lack of resources or special interests.
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PHYTOPHTHORA RESEARCH AND CONSULTANCY
The SME Phytophthora Research and Consultancy (PRC) was founded in 2005 and is offering consulting and scientific cooperation related to Phytophthora species and the diseases they cause. The services include:
- Diagnosis of diseases and damages of trees, forest stands and plantations including analysis of the disease factors.
- Investigations of nursery stock and nursery fields for infections/infestations by Phytophthora species.
- Detection of Phytophthora species from soil samples and symptomatic tissues.
- Coordination and realisation of small and large scale disease surveys.
- Characterisation and description of new Phytophthora species.
- Participation in research projects investigating the diversity, morphology, physiology, ecology, pathological strategies, survival strategies and phylogeny of Phytophthora spp.
- Development of integrated management concepts; consulting and if necessary realisation of control measures.
- Training of scientists and technical staff in methods related to sampling, isolation, identification and pathogenicity testing of Phytophthora spp.
- Training of practitioners in recognising disease symptoms, especially of Phytophthora diseases
ROLE IN THE PROJECT
PRC will survey the presence of Phytophthora in natural ecosystems by in situ baiting of rivers and by sampling of rhizosphere soil for baiting tests in the lab in previously unsampled ecosystems and regions of Europe and in 2 overseas regions. For previously unknown emerging Phytophthora species or lineages PRC will examine the morphological and physiological characteristics, determine the mating types of heterothallic strains, produce multigene phylogenies, and perform pathogenicity tests to assess their virulence and the susceptibility of different forest hosts. PRC will also evaluate the adaptation of the new species and different lineages to the new environment and climatic conditions using temperature-growth rate trials. Finally, PRC will provide pure cultures of new Phytophthora species found in the surveys of WP1 for the development of new q-PCR markers, and host tissues infected with these new Phytophthora species as well as uninfected control tissues as blind samples for the validation of new q-PCR protocols.
PRC will be involved in the following work packages: WP1, WP2, WP3, WP4, WP10
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Live from Abu Dhabi Connect the World takes you on a journey across continents, investigating the stories that are changing our world.
On the surface, both Brazil and Nigeria may seem like they have absolutely nothing in common, but if you dig a little deeper, you'll soon realize that they have a lot more connections than you may think.
[cnn-photo-caption image= http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/08/27/brazil.art.gettyimages.jpg
caption="Know anything about Brazil?"]
We've chosen the South American powerhouse and African stalwart as our very first pair of countries in our brand new segment on CNN International's "Connect the World," that we're calling "Global Connections."
One of the most beautiful countries on the planet, Brazil is the land of carnival, rainforests, beaches and football, while Nigeria is Africa’s most populated country, famous for oil and Nollywood films.
So what on earth could the connections possibly be?
Well, that's why we are going to be relying on you.
In this new weekly segment, we'll be choosing a new pair of countries every seven days and that's why we will need you to get in touch and post comments and video.
[cnn-photo-caption image= http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2010/images/08/27/nigeria.art.gettyimages.jpg
caption="Can you find something to connect Nigeria to Brazil?"]
The connections can be anything from culture and geography to music and the economy.
We also want to hear your personal stories too. Perhaps you have a family member that moved from one country to the other years ago and you want to get in touch? Maybe you visited one country years ago on holiday and something special happened? Whatever connection you think there is, we want to know.
This is your chance to have your voice heard on CNN.
All you have to do is leave your comments below on what connections you think exist and then one of our team members will be in touch.
Now it's time for you to get involved - get connecting!
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Known collectively as case moths, leaf case moth, leafy case moth, bag moths, ribbed case moth or bagworms, these insects belong to the Family Psychidae, there is thought to be over 1,300 known species worldwide, of which at least 350 species are in Australia.
It is the caterpillar stage of the moth that live in a silken case, that usually get covered with leaf, twigs or both and usually from the plants they are feeding on. If they feed on different plant species, over time they would cover their bag/case with material from these plants as well.
Each species of caterpillar/moth are consistent in the way they decorate their cases and the shape of the case, and can usually be identified from their cases.
The Leaf Case Moth (Hyalarcta huebneri) is a species whose caterpillars make mobile homes from silk, usually attaching plant material, detritus, and even sand grains to the outside of their case.
In Central Australia, there are several species of Case Moth, common species being the Leafy Case Moth (Family Psychidae) and the Ribbed Case Moth (Hyalarcta nigrescens).
The Ribbed Case Moth has a case that consists of a silken bag and unlike others is not decorated with plant material, instead it has several ridged ribs running along its length. The Leafy Case Moth uses small pieces of leaf from the host plant to decorate the case, however they have also been known to use pieces of twigs, and is sometimes confused with the Stick Case Moth (Clania lewinii).
Leaf Case Moth, Case Moth, Leafy Case Moth, Leafy Case Moth, Bag Moth, Bagworms, Bagworm Moths, Ribbed Case Moth or Bagworms.
Many species of case moth caterpillars feed on plants, whilst others are known to feed on lichens. You can often see them dragging their protective case along the ground, looking for their food plant, a trunk of a shrub or tree to climb up and when ready to pupate, will search for a spot to attach one end of their protective case to a surface such as the shrub/tree they are eating from, with silk and hang there. They have also been seen attached to walls and other man made surfaces.
The caterpillars are very skilled climber and are able to climb just about any surfaces by creating a silk ladder attached to the surface they are climbing, as they make their way up the surface.
Sometimes they do make mistakes and climb up the wrong structure, as was the problem with this Ribbed Case Moth, that found itself climbing up a glass door.
Whereas in the following image, a number of Ribbed Case Moth (Hyalarcta nigrescens) had worked their way up to various height on this eucalypt tree.
A close up of one of the Ribbed Case Moth (Hyalarcta nigrescens) on the eucalypt tree pictured above.
The following Case Moth, genus Lomera, family Psychidae, was pictured making its way across the ground, seeking a suitable shrub or tree to climb up.
Pupation can be just a few weeks to a few months depending on the season and the weather. The female adult has no wings and remains in the case. The male has short wings with a longish abdomen, that allows it to mate with the female who remain inside her case, where she lays her eggs.
The discarded casing is left after the moth pupates.
There is some great information on the Coffs Harbour Butterfly House about the Family Psychidae and the variety of moths that create these protective coverings. Check out their page (see Footnote & References below).
- Scientific classification
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Arthropoda
- Class: Insecta
- Order: Lepidoptera
- Family: Psychidae
- Subfamily: Oiketicinae
- Genus: Hyalarcta
- Species: H. huebneri
- Binomial name: Hyalarcta huebneri
Footnote & References
- Some Caterpillar cases of PSYCHIDAE in Australia, Bagworms, Case Moths, TINEOIDEA, by Don Herbison-Evans and Stella Crossley, Coffs Harbour Butterfly House, http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/psyc/psyc-cases.html
- PSYCHIDAE in Australia, Bagworms, Case Moths, Coffs Harbour Butterfly House, http://lepidoptera.butterflyhouse.com.au/psyc/psychidae.html
- Saunders’ Case Moth (Metura elongatus), Australian Museum, https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/case-moths/
- Bagworm moth, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagworm_moth (last visited July 4, 2021).
MothsAedia arctipennis Australian Striped Hawk Moth Case Moths Coenotes eremophilae Convolvulus Hawk Moth Day Flying Moth Four-spotted Cup Moth Leaf Case Moth Mistletoe Emperor Moth Plume Moth Ribbed Case Moth Saunders’ Case Moth (Metura elongatus) White-spotted Owl-Moth
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CLOSING REMARKS BY MUFTI DR NAZIRUDIN MOHD NASIR AT HARMONY CENTRE VIRTUAL HARI RAYA WITH INTERFAITH NETWORK
Dear faith and community leaders and friends,
Good evening and Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri or Eid Mubarak.
2 In our part of the world, it is also customary to seek forgiveness from family and friends during Hari Raya with the expression “Maaf Zahir Batin” – the seen and unseen wrongdoings and shortcomings. I wish to take this opportunity to seek your forgiveness too – we have not been able to extend our normal hospitality with the Hari Raya cookies and food and especially in my first Hari Raya with friends as Mufti. I hope we will be able to do so next Hari Raya.
3 As you too have experienced with your festivities, we have celebrated major festivities in significantly different ways – Ramadan and Hari Raya. Today is a clear example. It takes a lot to adjust and make swift changes to the way we lead our lives and practice our religions. Our biggest worry and fear was the impact on our togetherness, unity and cohesion because we all have had to keep to our homes and restrict our social interactions. We are therefore very thankful our deepest fears did not materialise. On the contrary, I think we have grown closer to each other, and we appreciate each other better. Absence makes the heart grow fonder. I trust that you wanted to be here today because you cherish the friendships and you want to ensure we remain connected and look out for each other. Thank you.
4 A few years ago, I had a conversation with my former doctoral supervisor, a well-respected scholar in his field, a senior member of his community and a nice gentleman. He visited me in Singapore after I completed my Phd and was amazed to witness the functionings of our society although he knew a lot about us already. At the time, his home country was going through some turmoil (it usually does in terms of ethnic and religious relations). The global situation too was not great either because of rampant terrorism due to ISIS. He remarked (and this were his exact words) “Singapore is an oasis of calm in a crazy world.” We are now seeing fissures and cracks in ethnic and religious relations in some parts of the world.
5 In some cases, the relations are perched precariously on a cliff edge. In my personal view, to have to fight and shout out loud that Black Lives Matter is an unfathomable tragedy in this day and age. All lives matter, period. When ISIS emerged in 2014 with their heinous ideology propagating hate, we fought tooth and nail to reject and denounce not just violence, but any theology or ideology that justify hurt on the basis of religion. As faith communities, we truly cherish harmony, respect and compassionate living. These worrying global developments only reinforce the fact that positive and constructive race and religious relations will always be a work in progress, not a destination. Every positive step we make puts us ahead, but every conflict or crisis, extends our journey and destination further. It should be our mission to not make it totally out of reach.
6 It is therefore absolutely critical that leaders lead by example. I am indeed very grateful for your exemplary leadership. Your warm friendship across faith and community lines is also truly inspirational. You have been so supportive of the Harmony Centre, and some of you have been with the Harmony Centre since its inception over 10 years ago. Harmony Centre will not be what it is today without your support. I trust that you will continue to support the new team led by Ustazah Liyana as she strives to bring Harmony Centre to greater heights. I wish to congratulate her, and also to express our deepest appreciation once again to Ustaz Ali for his passion, commitment and dedication to interfaith work in Singapore.
7 But we surely cannot let him go completely. Ustaz Ali has an important role as a member of the new Panel of Muslim Interfaith Leaders, as mentioned earlier by Mr Esa. I will personally support the work of this Panel, together with Deputy Mufti Dr Hannan, in providing advice as well in promoting greater interfaith engagement. The Panel will also be the Muslim faces for social cohesion, as we strive to strengthen the interfaith DNA within our community. I also look forward to more of my fellow asatizah such as Ustaz Muslim, Ustaz Khairul Anwar and Dr Leyakat, who are already deeply involved in interfaith work, to join us in the Panel the future.
8 Thank you once again for joining us in this little Zoom online Hari Raya event. I hope that we will be able to see each other again in person in get-together. But we can and should always keep close even without face to face meetings. As the Malay saying goes, “jauh di mata, dekat di hati”. Thank you and God bless.
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RAILCAR GOLD Chapter 4 . . Stowaway . . Part 2
RAILCAR GOLD is a historically accurate multi-generational fictional tale of hidden treasure, primarily set in York County, Pennsylvania during the latter half of the Nineteenth Century. This is Part 2 of Chapter 4 . . . Stowaway. A new part will be posted every Thursday. New readers may want to start at the beginning.
CHAPTER 4 . . . STOWAWAY . . . Part 2
Dan wrestled with confronting Rufus, however the longer he lay in the loft, he decided it was to his advantage not to let Rufus know what he overheard. When the stranger and Rufus went back into the house, Dan snuck off to see Tom.
Dan didn’t tell Tom what he had heard; just indicating the need for a change of plans based upon the mood Rufus was in. Dan wanted to make it clear to Tom about his cover story; that he visited tonight to hear all about the trip that Tom and Frank made to see a waterfall. Tom promised, “You have my word and I’ll let Frank know. Now come with me; we need a witness.”
Tom led Dan past his father in the barn while remarking to Dan; “You should have joined Frank and me on our adventure to the waterfall; instead of hearing about it secondhand.” Dan replied, “I would have liked to, however I had a lot of work to do while my Uncle is away on a buying trip.”
Dan ambled into his house; and acted surprised to see his Uncle at the kitchen table talking to a stranger. Rufus immediately demands, “Where have you been?” Dan replied, “After I finished my chores, I went over to Toms place for a little while. I thought you weren’t returning until tomorrow?”
Rufus responds, “So, I’m not here and you decide to goof-off. This is John; he’s another horse dealer that is looking to expand his operations and wanted to see how we operate. He’ll still be here tomorrow. You’ll have to catch a few extra fish, because it’ll be supper for three.” Dan peppered John with questions about his horse business; anything to avoid talking to Rufus.
Dan was up early, he wanted to make sure most of his chores were done before Rufus got up; after all it would take him longer than usual, since he hadn’t done them yesterday. Rufus was showing John around the place while Dan worked with the first of three horses he usually trained each day; when they rode off, Dan decided to head to his fishing hole earlier than normal.
Dan had changed to a fishing hole downriver; a place that the local boys considered haunted. He had started fishing here after Rufus sent him to bed several times without supper. Dan found a very large skillet in the rafters of the barn, likely left behind by Harry, and kept it at his new fishing hole for such occasions. Since he did not have any supper last night by his own doing, this morning he was going to catch and cook a fish on the spot.
Dan was startled when someone snuck up behind him and announced, “That fish smells tasty. I haven’t eaten a warm meal in several days. Would you fry this one for me?” As the boy picked up the largest fish in Dan’s catch. Dan was in a generous mood, “Sure hand it here, I’ll gut and clean it. You can start on the fish in the skillet.” As Dan reached into a bag, pulled out a fork and handed it to the boy.
The boy quickly devoured the fish in the skillet, but in between gulps he managed several rapid-fire questions, “Is this your camp? Are you a rail traveler, like me? Do you really travel with this enormous skillet?” Dan replied, “I live nearby. I have never traveled on a railroad. What is it like?”
Go to Part 3
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The Education Advisor will support the Office of Education, Youth, and Child Development (EYCD). S/he will possess in-depth knowledge of Global Education Strategy and the Ugandan education context to support the design, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of high-priority U.S. Government initiatives under the Mission’s basic education portfolio. The ES will provide technical expertise and support as EYCD continues to implement existing basic education activities, including early grade reading, HIV/AIDS education, and school-related gender-based violence activities, and expands the basic education portfolio to better meet the challenges faced by the Government of Uganda. S/he will also work to better integrate EYCD’s basic education activities with other sectors across the Mission, in line with the CDCS. This consultant will be subject to oversight by the EYCD Deputy Office Director/Basic Education Team Leader.
Other Essential Duties/Tasks and Responsibilities
- Provide overall technical and administrative leadership and expertise for the Project;
- Serve as the primary liaison with USAID/ME Bureau on management and technical matters;
- Supervise activity implementation and ensure the activity meets stated goals, outcomes, benchmarks, and reporting requirements;
- Coordinate with USAID and key stakeholders;
- Offer technical oversight and guidance for various research, assessment, analytical, and training activities;
- Monitoring project progress against USAID standards and targeted results.
Required Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities
- Extensive experience working on technical and/or operational issues related to development;
- Subject matter expertise in education;
- Excellent organizational skills and ability to keep to a timeline;
- Advanced interpersonal skills that enable effective working relationships with multiple stakeholders such as government officials, civil society partners, and donors;
- Preferred: Extensive demonstrable experience in East Africa
- At least 8 years of experience in relevant management, supervisory, technical experience with programs of a similar scope and scale to this activity is required (at least four of these years must be in a management/leadership position);
- Experience in crisis or conflict-affected environments;
- Minimum 8 years of experience with technical and/or operational issues related to a mix of education and development work;
- Experience in the education sector in the East Africa is preferable.
Corporate office environment as well as fieldwork.
Advanced degree in Education, International Development, International Relations, other Social Sciences, or a related field
B360-Uganda is seeking talented individuals to join our Uganda Project teams. The job location for these positions is Kampala, Uganda. The positions are as follows: 1. Project Design Consultant, 2. Acquisition and Assistance Consultant, 3. Procurement & Administrative Assistant, 4. Education Advisor and 5. An Anthropologist. #TransformingCommunitiesTogether
If interested, review the job descriptions below and send CV and Cover Letter to email@example.com attention Ms. Solomy Lubega, with the position you are interested in as the subject heading.
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Policy packaging offers citizens better scope for assessing trade-offs in policy attributes and policymakers the opportunity to make unpopular reforms, including those needed to achieve healthy and sustainable food system transformation, more palatable to their constituents.
Policymakers are increasingly urged to implement reforms to foster sustainable food systems. Yet, the political economy of such a transition towards greater sustainability is rarely examined, despite its importance in determining when and why policy change is possible. Fesenfeld and colleagues provide a major contribution to the analysis of the political economy of food system transformation in this issue of Nature Food by examining citizens’ preferences for different combinations of policy interventions to reduce the environmental footprint of the food system1. Almost 5,000 citizens from China, Germany and the US took part in conjoint experiments to examine preferences for policy packages aimed at reducing consumption and production of meat and fish products. Using conjoint experiments is a real strength of the study since respondents typically overestimate their personal commitment to a policy option if asked about it in isolation; when considering multiple policy bundles, however, they assess trade-offs in policy attributes and indicate more clearly to policymakers how much citizen support each option would be likely to receive.
The policy bundles tested in the study vary according to whether they involve supply-side changes on behalf of producers and distributors of food or demand-side changes aimed at shifting consumer behaviour. Specifically, six different policy instruments were considered: a new tax on meat and fish products, rules about providing a minimum share of vegetarian meals in public cafeterias, information campaigns, discounts for citizens who purchase vegetarian alternatives, a reduction in subsidies for meat and fish producers, and stricter animal farming standards. Respondents were randomly presented with different packages of these instruments, along with a scenario on how to earmark tax revenues, that varied at different levels of stringency.
Fesenfeld and colleagues find that citizens tend to prefer policy bundles that are more stringent on supply-side interventions, such as stricter organic animal farming standards for producers, and less so on the demand-side, such as taxes. Nonetheless, there were interesting variations across countries. A majority of Chinese respondents, for instance, were broadly supportive of a 15 per cent tax on meat and fish products as well as rules for public cafeterias. Both of these though were opposed by a large share of US and German respondents. In all three countries, a majority supported halving producer subsidies — a supply-side cost — and being exposed to more frequent information campaigns.
The authors chose China, Germany, and the US for their analysis because they are among the world’s largest producers and consumers of meat and fish and have a major impact on the global environment and food system. Thus, if there are bundles of policy options that citizens in these countries would support, there could be significant impacts on planetary health. While that is true, it would be extremely valuable to expand such research to low- and middle-income countries where there is evidence of rising obesity linked to growing incomes and increased consumption of ultra-processed foods and animal-sourced foods2,3,4. To proactively address this growing burden, it would be useful for government decision makers in such contexts to have a greater understanding of which bundles of policies — including subsidies for producers of nutrient-dense foods, taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages, and mandated shifts in the food environment — citizens would support to improve dietary diversity and nutrition-sensitive agriculture.
More broadly, the authors highlight the value of policy packaging, which, in their words, “may open up room for political manoeuvre and enable policymakers to adopt environmental policies that are both strong (and thus effective) and politically feasible.” If policymakers could keep in mind the main takeaway from this paper, which is that policy packaging can help make unpopular reforms more palatable to a diverse array of constituents, then there would be scope for greater optimism about consumer support for achieving healthy and sustainable food system transformation.
Fesenfeld, L. P., Wicki, M., Sun, Y. & Bernauer, T. Nat. Food https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0047-4 (2020).
Ecker, O. in Agriculture for Improved Nutrition: Seizing the Momentum (eds Fan, S. et al.) Ch. 8 (CAB International, 2019).
NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Lancet 390, 2627–2642 (2017).
Popkin, B. M. & Gordon-Larsen, P. Int. J. Obes. Relat. Metab. Disord. 28, S2–S9 (2004).
About this article
Cite this article
Resnick, D. Political economy of food system reform. Nat Food 1, 154 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0049-2
Scientific Reports (2021)
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Wisconsin Parent/Guardian Descriptions of Children's Behavior Related to the Viewing of Television News
Sims, Judy R.
Wisconsin Communication Association
MetadataShow full item record
Between 1987 and 1998, children committed numerous school shootings–killing or wounding classmates, teachers, and principals. Research suggests a consistent and causal relationship between viewing TV violence and increased levels of aggressive behavior in children and adolescents (Comstock, 1990, 1982, 1975; Atkin, 1983). Sources of violent content in U.S. culture are abundant, e.g., children hear violent messages in music lyrics; they see violence in films, the Internet, TV dramas, and TV news. In 1998, children potentially were exposed to countless TV news stories containing violent images, stories featuring bloody bodies from bombings in Northern Ireland, fatal shootings in the U.S. Capitol, schoolyard killings, children murdering their parents, and more. This study concerning children and TV news as a source of violent content examined the descriptions and opinions of a sample of Wisconsin parents and/or legal guardians of children ages 3-12; it attempted to replicate results from a 1993 national study about TV violence released by the Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press. To gather data, a survey questionnaire was administered in 1994 to a sample of 877 parents or legal guardians of children ages 3-12 in west-central Wisconsin. Respondents were asked–for example–to describe their child’s TV viewing behavior related to local and national news, their opinions concerning the amount of violence in newscasts, their beliefs about the amount of violence and its actual existence in reality, and whether action was taken to switch the channel or turn off the TV because of something they did not want their child to see on the news. Eight of the questions included on the questionnaire were identical to those on the Times Mirror instrument. Of the 877 questionnaires distributed, 351 were returned; although achieving only a 40% response rate, evidence exists to claim a representative sample. Quantitative data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences; qualitative data were content-analyzed. Results revealed a majority (58%) of Wisconsin parents/guardians thought national TV news “contains too much violence.” These results supported findings from the Times Mirror (1993) study, which found a majority of U.S. Americans (52%) thought “TV news is too full of violence.” Results from the Wisconsin study also showed that significantly more female than male parents/guardians described the national news as “containing too much violence.” Other findings revealed a majority (54%) of the Wisconsin respondents thought TV new reporting "does not exaggerate the amount of violence in the U.S." These findings replicated results from the Times Mirror (1993) study in which a majority (55%) of the respondents judged TV news “as not exaggerating the amount of violence in the country but accurately reflecting social reality.” In addition, results indicated a majority (54%) of Wisconsin respondents switched the channel or turned off the TV because of something on the news they did not want their child to see, and a majority (74%) of those stated the main reason was violent news content. These results closely matched the Times Mirror (1993) study, which found a majority (53%) of the subjects reported having switched the channel or turned off the TV because of news content, and a majority (75%) of those indicated the main reason was violent news content. It is imperative that parents understand the pervasiveness and potential influence of violent content in their child’s culture. As stated by one psychologist, “when violent action is all [children] see, the lesson they learn is that everybody does it and this is the way to behave” (Cowley, 1998, 25). As incidences of children engaging in violent and/or aggressive behavior continue to occur, further examination of media portrayals of violence is needed. “Family sensitive newscasts” in which broadcasters can responsibly inform, without negatively influencing children, should be explored. (Contains: 41 References, Five Tables, and Five Notes)
Children and TV news
Children and TV violence
Children’s viewing of TV news
Hours of TV viewing by children
Local TV news violence
Mean World Syndrome
National TV news violence
Television violence and aggressive behavior in children
Times Mirror Center for the People and the Press
Violence and TV news
Violent content in TV newscasts
Giordano, J. & Sims, J. R. (1999). Wisconsin parent/guardian descriptions of children's behavior related to the viewing of television news. The Journal of the Wisconsin Communication Association, XXX, 9-20.
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.
Barnes-Boldt, Amanda; Neudecker, Erik; Hughes, Jayne; Sims, Judy; Giordano, Joseph (UW Eau Claire Research Day; Leader-Telegram, 1995-05)The primary objective of this study, which was accepted for presentation as a poster in UW-Eau Claire’s Student Research Day (May 1-2, 1995), was to gather data concerning a number of areas related to children’s viewing ...
Riley, Sarah (2014-05)Domestic violence, specifically, that which is perpetrated against women and children, causes physical, mental, and emotional trauma, resulting in a variety of pervasive injuries and disorders. The purpose of the research ...
The effects intimate partner violence has on children: Addressing the effectiveness of interventions and therapy Carroll, Jessica (2018-02-27)
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‘We chose to let it make us stronger’: Former Pearl High School principal reflects on 1997 school shooting
Published 9:08 am Monday, February 12, 2018
Tragedies happen on normal days.
That was part of the message from former Pearl High School principal Roy Balentine during a professional development session with teachers at Vicksburg Catholic Schools last week.
October 1, 1997, was a normal day at Pearl High School before a gunman walked into the building before school started and opened fire killing two students and injuring seven more. Balentine was the principal of the school at the time having just started a few months earlier in July.
“Normal day, just like when you came to work this morning,” Balentine said. “Everything you expected to be fine and it was fine. I was a brand-new principal, all my teachers and students coming to school. These things don’t happen at the most opportune times. Day No. 2 of the state test is when the shooting occurred, before school.”
Luke Woodham, the shooter at Pearl, killed his mother before the shooting at the school. The shooting occurred on a Wednesday and Balentine said they reopened the following Monday.
“A large-scale tragedy can do one of two things for you,” Balentine said. “That is either it can destroy you, or it can make you stronger. You as an organization in those cases, God forbid if they happen, you decide what of those two things it is going to be. Are we going to let this destroy us or are we going to let this make us stronger? In the case of Pearl High School, we chose to let it make us stronger.”
Balentine spoke to the VCS teachers about his experience during and after the shooting and discussed what teachers can look for as warning signs to help prevent similar tragedies from happening.
“If you look at what we see on the news, what Roy experienced was the first Columbine, and if you look at the interval between those things its become shorter and shorter,” St. Aloysius principal Buddy Strickland said of why they invite Balentine to speak. “It is important because of awareness. What’s out there? How can we be diligent? Is there anything we can do to forestall this? It is about more than just school shootings. It’s about what we do every day to ensure the safety of the kids.”
Balentine pointed out to the teachers assembled that one of their biggest allies in preventing a tragedy from occurring are the students themselves. Balentine recommended that the school have a safe method in place where students can let teachers or administrators know if they are worried a classmate may pose a threat or notice anything suspicious.
Balentine also suggested teachers be on the lookout for warning signs such as students become more socially withdrawn, having uncontrolled anger or prejudice against certain groups of people. Excessive feelings of isolation or an unexplained decrease in performance could also be a sign that a student is troubled and may need help, but not necessary that they are preparing to commit an act of violence, Balentine said.
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By Josh Pike
Pagosa Wetland Partners
Wetlands tell a myriad of stories. Stories in the flitting of birds as they feed and nest. Stories in the patterns of vegetation growth and the channels of water that wind through them.
The oldest stories in the wetlands are told by the silt and sediment that accumulates at the wetland bottom. These soils chronicle the history of the wetlands, telling us stories of droughts and floods, of changing water sources and vegetation and, stories of human uses of the wetlands and the changes they have wrought.
The field involved in reading wetland soils is a geology field called stratigraphy. Stratigraphy involves interpreting the position and relationship of various layers of soil (strata) in the sediment. The interpretation process begins with the collection of a sediment core, a tube-shaped sample of sediment taken by drilling into the ground and extracting a vertical cross section of the accumulated soil in the area. This core is then painstakingly analyzed, with the composition of the various strata determined and the relationship between adjacent strata analyzed.
Wetlands are particularly suitable places for this type of analysis due to their saturated soils. In most areas, fine objects, such as pollen grains, quickly decay and are invisible to later stratigraphers. However, the water-saturated soils of wetlands slow decomposition by reducing the amount of ambient oxygen available for decomposition. This slowed decomposition rate preserves many objects, like phytoplankton shells, that would otherwise quickly decay and pass out of the record.
Additionally, because wetlands typically collect material from surrounding areas through the water draining into them, the sediments in wetlands offer an excellent perspective on conditions in the general area near the wetlands.
The stories told by the wetland sediments can be divided into two main categories, stories about changing climate and landscape and stories about the organisms that grew within and around the wetlands.
Stories about landscape and climate change are recorded in the width and composition of the bands of sediment in the wetlands. These bands of sediment serve as indicators of soil and climate conditions in the wetland catchment (the area of land which drains water into the wetlands). If the surrounding soils are eroding rapidly, the sediment layer left behind will be thick and coarse as a result of the large amount of relatively rough material that was deposited. Such rapid erosion can be caused by several factors. These include deforestation or a similar natural or human-caused removals of vegetation which reduce the stability of the soil and increases erosion.
Alternatively, increased erosion can be caused by increased precipitation. Fine muddy sediments can be indicators of extensive vegetation growth as only fine dirt particles move through the vegetation and end up in the ponds.
Grains of charcoal within the sediment serve as indicators of nearby wildfires or human burns. The proximity of these fires to the wetlands can be determined by the size of the charcoal fragments and their source can be determined by context, with human fires often being followed by extreme and abrupt changes in the use of the surrounding landscape which does not typically occur with natural fires.
Stories about the types of organisms surrounding the wetlands are recorded in fossilized fragments of plants, animals and pollen buried in the sediments. Grains of pollen and the shells of diatoms (a group of microscopic algae) are particularly helpful indicators of the inhabitants of the wetlands and the surrounding area. These remains can often be compared with current species to determine what general types of organisms or specific species lived in the area.
Such identifications have their limitations, particularly in the case of pollen, as pollen can be carried significant distances through air or water and are not necessarily accurate indicators of the species composition of the specific wetland in the past. However, pollen remnants are excellent indicators of the composition of species in the region.
Additionally, the wetlands can preserve the remains of human tools and weapons and even corpses. These include the famous bog bodies, Iron Age corpses found buried in bogs throughout northern Europe. These artifacts can provide unique insights into the human inhabitants of the area, complementing the records of landscape conditions and nearby organisms that the wetland soil harbors.
The sedimentary story of the local wetlands found in the Riverwalk Conservation Area is quite young. Restored to their current form approximately 20 years ago after extensive gravel excavations, the first sedimentary pages are just being laid in a story that could last centuries or millennia. However, as long as the wetlands exist, the sediments will continue to accumulate, chronicling the climate changes, the births and deaths of animals, and the human developments that occur around them. In the future, even after the history of Pagosa Springs and its current inhabitants are long forgotten, a natural history, held in the mud at the bottom of a wetland pool, will remain for future scholars.
If you want to learn more about Riverwalk Wetlands or get involved in helping preserve them for future stratigraphers and archaeologists, please contact Pagosa Wetland Partners at firstname.lastname@example.org.
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According to the Federal Statistical Office, consumer prices increased by 2.2% in the year 2007 as compared to the year 2006. This increase is the strongest since 1994. In the year 2006 inflation amounted to just 1.7%. Most important factors for this accelerated inflation are increased value added and insurance taxes as well as energy prices.
Energy (household energy and fuels) became by 3.9% more expensive. Prices for electricity grew most by +6.8%. Prices for mineral oil products increased by 3.0% on average in 2007 as compared to 2006 (fuels: +4.1%; light fuel oil: -1.2%). Without taking into account energy prices the average annual inflation had amounted to 1.9% only.
The significant increase of consumer prices beyond the two-percent-barrier was due to gradual price rises for foodstuffs in the second half of 2007 (+3.1% on average in 2007). Some prices such as for dairy products and flour increased by two-digit percentages (e.g. butter: +19.1%; flour: +15.4%; curd cheese: +12.0% and full-cream milk: +10.3%). On the other hand, e.g. prices for consumer durables (+0.9%), garments (+0.8%) as well as telephone, internet and other kinds of communication (+0.2%) rose to a smaller extent than consumer prices as a whole.
In December 2007 the consumer price index was up by 2.8% in comparison to December 2006. In September the inflation rate broke through the 2%-barrier. In November the inflation rate peaked reaching 3.1% and in December it somewhat slowed down amounting to +2.8%. As compared to November 2007 the index increased by 0.5% in December.
In December as well as over the entire year 2007 it was energy prices which drove the inflation rate up. Without taking into account the price rises for energy inflation had amounted to 2.2% only in December 2007.
The significant price index increase in the period November/December 2007 is mainly due to seasonal price rises: apart from prices rises for some kinds of fruits and vegetables (e.g. grapes: + 16.0% and lettuce: + 13.1%) there were in particular the usual price increases for package tours (+ 32.5% compared to November 2007) and accommodation (+ 20.8%).
Consumer-friendly, on the other hand, was the development of fuel prices (-5.4%). Prices for garment and footwear also started to fall (-1.0%) due to upcoming change from winter to spring collections.
The harmonised European consumer price index for Germany increased by on average 2.3% in the year 2007. This index rose by 3.1% in December 2007 in comparison to December 2006 and by 0.7% from November to December last year.
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Germaphobes beware, it may be time to ditch the kitchen sponge for good. A new study by Duke University researchers found the average kitchen sponge is crawling with more bacterial species than a lab Petri dish. In fact, no matter how much you replace your sponge, you’ll always run into the same issue. The new findings show it’s not the dirt, but rather the structure of the sponge that makes it a friendly place for microbes to live.
Similar to humans, some bacterial species like to live with their fellow germs, while others prefer to live alone. In the new study, researchers found bacterial species that prefer a “mixed-housing environment” were more likely to live in your kitchen sponge.
“As it turns out, a sponge is a very simple way to implement multilevel portioning to enhance the overall microbial community,” says Lingchong You, professor of biomedical engineering at Duke, in a university release. “Maybe that’s why it’s a really dirty thing — the structure of a sponge just makes a perfect home for microbes.”
The results could help industries that use bacteria to clean up pollution or produce commercial products to consider the ideal structural habitat for microbes.
Click here to read more.
SOURCE: Study Finds, Jocelyn Solis-Moreira
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Platypus Matters The Extraordinary Story of Australian Mammals [Audiobook]
English | ISBN: 9780008431464 | 2022 | 11 hours and 33 minutes | [email protected] kbps | 318 MB
A compelling, funny, first-hand account of Australia's wonderfully unique mammals and how our perceptions impact their future. Think of a platypus: they lay eggs (that hatch into so-called platypups), they produce milk without nipples and venom without fangs and they can detect electricity. Or a wombat: their teeth never stop growing, they poo cubes and they defend themselves with reinforced rears. Platypuses, possums, wombats, echidnas, devils, kangaroos, quolls, dibblers, dunnarts, kowaris: Australia has some truly astonishing mammals with incredible, unfamiliar features. Important, timely and written with humour and wisdom by a scientist and self-described platypus nerd, this celebration of Australian wildlife will open eyes and change minds about how we contemplate and interact with the natural world-everywhere.
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By Maralee Sautter, IDL SIG Manager
Margot Bloomstein was the opening keynote speaker at the 2022 Summit. She is a respected content strategist and author who has worked with many large companies to improve their marketing strategies. She is the author of Trustworthy: How the Smartest Brands Beat Cynicism and Bridge the Trust Gap and Content Strategy at Work: Real-World Stories to Strengthen Every Interactive Project and is the principal of Appropriate, Inc., a brand and content strategy consultancy based in Boston.
Her engaging presentation was How to Foster Trust in a Brand Through Better Content. She contends that in today’s economy, organizations need a new strategy to earn trust and help consumers and citizens make confident decisions. Audiences have become more cynical and mistrusting of large companies and authorities because the information delivered is no longer trustworthy.
In a world where trust is broken, organizations can empower audience confidence by delivering trustworthy information through voice, volume, and vulnerability:
- Voice: Consistency in voice and plain language are key factors in delivering trustworthy content. Ms. Bloomstein used a Mailchimp blog to show how the company manager informed customers about changes coming to an e-commerce product; the message was written to display empathy and concern about changes and explained concern about possible missteps that could happen. The message was simple, vulnerable, and honest.
- Volume: Ms. Bloomstein used America’s Test Kitchen as an example of volume. On the website, people can access detailed history and chemistry, for a deeper read, or just focus on getting the recipe for dinner tonight. While all the information is available, the user is the one who decides what information is needed. If the information results in a successful experience, then confidence and trust are built in the product and self.
- Vulnerability: Sharing openly and admitting to mistakes. Volkswagen uses a tool that compares options with other car companies. If the customer needs something other than what Volkswagen has, then the tool sends the user to another company’s website. By providing unbiased information, Volkswagen is building confidence in the audience so they can make informed decisions.
Ms. Bloomstein wrapped up her presentation by acknowledging that smart organizations teach their audiences to evaluate product options, engage in continuous self-education, and make more informed choices. By creating a confident user, companies can build bridges between cynicism and hope, which in turn leads to consumer trust.
The Internet and social media have changed the way organizations have tried to control the information that we receive. There are algorithms, databases, and social platforms collecting data on us every day. It unnerves me when I see my browsing experiences displayed on my Comcast/Xfinity landing page. These are companies that I consider untrustworthy.
In politics, social networks can create misinformation through diffusion and subterfuge. We already have many decisions to make in our daily lives, and trying to figure out the facts is overwhelming. As Ms. Bloomstein alludes, we cannot rely on a fair authority like Walter Cronkite to deliver unbiased news anymore. So, many of us just disconnect. I do it by ignoring Facebook feeds from companies I don’t know or by turning off the news.
I would like to see organizations become more transparent and allow consumers to decide what information is needed to make good decisions, instead of organizations filtering information to control the user. Unfortunately, the cynic in me says there aren’t enough of the good guys left out there to do the right thing. But at least, I can hope, along with Margot Bloomstein, that there are a few who will change the paradigm.
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How To Get Ear Wax Microsuction Perry Crofts
We understand you most likely don’t wish to offer much idea to earwax: Whatsoever, but reality is, the substances can actually inform you a fair amount about yourself– as well as not simply in a personal hygiene kind of method. While there’s a lot also the pros do not learn about earwax– like its exact purpose, as an example– there are some theories and little-known factoids worth recognizing, for your health and wellness’s benefit. 1. Earwax keeps your ears from itching. One of the practical sides of earwax is that it appears to lubricate the ears, according to Penn Medicine, the way that tears lubricate the eyes. The wax might keep ears from really feeling completely dry or itchy. Get the lowdown about How To Get Ear Wax Microsuction Perry Crofts at this website microsuction ear wax removal near me.
Earwax Microsuction Tamworth On Google Maps
What Does Your Ear Wax Tell You About Your Health Near Me?
Many people are unaware of their body’s superb abilities and take them for granted, however it really is a phenomenal machine. As ent-doctors, we have very first hand knowledge of just how amazing the human body is, especially the ear, nose, as well as throat region. They have some truly remarkable and also diverse capabilities that numerous may be uninformed of or uninformed of! Your ears, nose, and throat consist of a great deal greater than you believe. Continue analysis to find even more remarkable facts about the ears, nose, and also throat. Deafening noise, estimated at roughly 85 decibels (dB), can induce hearing loss! The stapes, the body’s tiniest bone, is found in the ear. It travels at a speed of 1,130 feet per second or 770 miles per hour (see image listed below).
How To Keep Your Ears In Top Condition In Tamworth?
Idiopathic vestibular disease is a transient condition that settles by itself. Generally, the signs are the most severe throughout the first 24-48 hours as well as slowly improve. It is not a stable condition. (In older affected canines, a consistent, often irreversible, head tilt might happen, yet this is unusual in pet cats.) Commonly, too much eye motion subsides after a few days. It was given this name as a result of its resemblance to a blacksmith’s anvil. It looks like a molar as well as is composed of the following elements: The body is extensive and includes a forward-facing expressing surface. It expresses with the malleus’s head. The lengthy treatment comes down exactly behind as well as alongside the malleus’s take care of. A clinically oriented lenticular handle verbalizes with the head of the stapes at its suggestion. Our harmonizing sense is located in our ears: The vestibular system is housed in the internal ear and supervises of equilibrium. Without a doubt, the auditory system is the main source of vertigo in the majority of circumstances.
The Point Of The Outer Part Of The Ear: Collecting Sounds
The most breakable bone: The temporal bone is one of the most ruthless in the body. It shields the internal ear. The smallest bone in the body is additionally discovered in the ear. The stapes bone in the center ear is the smallest in the human body. It is a member of the auditory ossicles. Evaluation of the ear: Commonly, the very first examination for an ear problem is merely taking a look at the ear. An otoscope is a gadget that allows you to view the tympanum via the ear canal. An audiologist assesses a person’s hearing in each ear using audios of differing amplitude and also frequency. Calculated tomography (CT scan): A CT scanner creates photos of the ears as well as bordering frameworks making use of X-rays and also a computer.
The Point Of The Middle Ear: Transformer – More Than Liaises With The Ear!
Many individuals utilize cotton bud for ear cleaning. Which is unnecessary and may possibly cause damages. The pores of the ear canal and the cilia, which are numerous tiny hairs, allow the ears to self-clean. While much earwax may cause hearing problems, the appropriate amount assists keep an ear healthy and tidy. Swimmer’s ear is treated by avoiding swimming, making use of over the counter painkiller, and potentially prescription antibiotics. Physicians may supply drugs to alleviate signs and cleanse the damaged ear. Swimmer’s ear can be dealt with in your home by applying heat to the ear canal with a hot pad as well as washing with white vinegar to restore the ear canal’s regular ph as well as minimise swelling. An ear infection is detected making use of a device called an otoscope to check out the inside of the ear.
The Raison D’Etre Of The Inner Ear: Nervous Signals Commence At This Point
The ear is split right into three areas that function cooperatively to gather and also transmit audios to the brain: the outer ear, the center ear, and also the internal ear. The ear is both a hearing and also a balance organ. It is comprised of three components: the outer, middle, as well as inner ear. The external ear comprises the pinna (the noticeable cartilage section covered in skin, hair, or hair) and the ear canal. The pinna is formed to accumulate and also deliver sound waves using the ear canal to the tympanum. The auricles of canines are movable and can relocate independently of one another. The auricles vary in size and shape according to reproduce. The canine ear canal is much more extensive than the human ear canal, providing an extra effective course for audio to get to the eardrum.
Get more info at this page
The colour and also uniformity of earwax (just like the other “gross stuff”) is very important. Similar to pee, poop and spit, earwax needs to show up and also feel a “certain” method. With that in mind, if your earwax appears like this … it may suggest this … If it’s completely dry or sticky This set is sort of great, and also it’s less about wellness than it is genetics (though the two aren’t constantly equally exclusive.) In a write-up released in the journal Nature Genetics, researchers discovered that the consistency of our earwax can clue us know our ancestry. More particularly, the environment (consequently, area) in which our forefathers lived. The writers describe: “Human earwax contains damp as well as dry kinds. Dry earwax is frequent in East Asians, whereas wet earwax is common in other populations.” All of it relies on the ABCC11 genetics, which has a completely dry consistency. This genetics enhances according to geographical place, observed as a “north-south and also east-west” downward trend.
If it’s absent If you discover an almost total lack of earwax, which is generally obvious when trying to clean your ear canal, there’s most likely not much to fret about. Nevertheless, if feelings of discomfort or stodginess exist it can suggest a rare problem referred to as “keratitis obturates.” This problem generally creates a difficult buildup of wax deep within the ear canal. As a preventative measure, it might be worth travelling to a family physician (FP) or an ear professional– an otolaryngologist. If it’s dripping When particles gathers within the ear canal, it will typically be discharged by natural systems or cleansing of the ear canal. When this debris noticeably leaks from the ear, it might show an uncommon skin development called “cholesteatoma.” Other signs of this condition include feelings of discomfort or stress within the ear.
These signs are the result of a “cyst-like” development producing pressure within the canal. It’s a great idea to see an expert or FP in this situation. It’s scaling or half-cracked This is immaterial, actually. Similar to numerous various other glands, the cerumen loses dampness as it ages. Because of this, our earwax will certainly likewise scale or flake. Chalk it approximately aging. It’s quite pungent Earwax that emits a solid as well as unpleasant odour that might indicate either damage or infection in the center part of the ear. The medical terminology for signs resulting from a harmed or infected center ear is “otitis media.” Aside from some unpleasant scenting earwax, you might discover some other symptoms of (severe or persistent) otitis media, including fever, earache, exhaustion and/or hearing loss. The good news: most symptoms of severe otitis media will live within a number of days. Nevertheless, it is a good idea to look for clinical attention if there is no recognizable indication of enhancement.
Otosclerosis is an ear disorder qualified by inappropriate bone growth. The ear is an advanced system that depends on a variety of devices to transform inbound acoustic waves to nerve impulses. A section of this process hinges on a little bone referred to as the stapes bone. Typically, this bone is complimentary to move around in its pocket and also send data. Nonetheless, in those with otosclerosis, it can become so substantial that it becomes immobile. As well as when this happens, it sheds its capability to transfer incoming audio impulses to the inner ear. Preferably, if an individual has not suffered from significant hearing loss, this method will certainly not require a medical opening of the head (a craniotomy). The vestibular nerve is cut near its exit from the mind, interfering with the impulses that generate wooziness. The treatment takes roughly 2 hours. Frequently, people are admitted to the medical facility for a couple of days. following surgical procedure to recoup.
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A step-by-step visual guide to first aid, focusing solely on the injuries and conditions that affect babies and children, now revised and updated for Canadian parents and caregivers.
An indispensable guide for all parents and caregivers that covers a wide range of childhood emergencies.
From anaphylaxis to burns to severe bleeding and bruising, First Aid Fast for Babies and Children offers clear advice and step-by-step photographs to show you what to do.
This revised and updated edition abides by all the latest health guidelines and makes first aid less daunting by giving more prominence to essential actions. Quick reference symbols at the end of every sequence indicate whether to seek medical advice, take your child to the hospital, or call for emergency services. It even includes helpful advice on first aid kits and child safety in and around the home.
First Aid Fast for Babies and Children gives you all the direction you need to deal with an injury or first aid emergency and keep your baby or child safe.
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To a printer, a color is not just a color. The colors we perceive from printed material are the result of the interplay between the ink, the printing technique used, and the surface printed upon. To meet your color expectations, your label printer will have to examine each of these factors with precision – sometimes approaching that of a scientist.
So, if you’re ordering custom product labels for the first time and you get more questions than you expected, one of the reasons is because your custom label printer wants to meet (and even exceed) your color expectations.
Here are a few color-related questions your label printer will probably ask you:
How Precise Must the Color Be?
Some brand colors are so iconic that even a slight variation from the norm would be noticeable. Think about Coca-Cola’s red, John Deere’s green, or T-Mobile’s magenta. When brands rely on an ultra-specific shade of color to connect with customers, they can’t settle for “close enough” in the label printing process.
But, if the color you’re after is not part of your logo — say, the quirky image on your new line of hot sauce — you may choose affordability over specificity.
The question of specificity is especially important when discussing how to describe and reproduce colors. In our recent article, “Product Labels and the Science of Color,” we explain in depth why the color range displayed on your computer monitor is not exactly the same as that which can be produced by a printing press. We also describe the limitations of the traditional four-color CMYK printing process, and how the range can be extended — for additional costs and time.
Suffice it to say here, your label printer will want to know how much variation from your color request you can tolerate. If nothing short of an exact match is acceptable, your label printer will talk to you about your options, which might include four-color or seven-color process, use of “spot” colors (inks blended to produce only one specific color), or even the effects of using one printing process versus another.
What Material Will You Be Printing On?
The color and composition of a printing surface — what we printers call the “substrate” — affect how the color of ink is perceived. For example, paper can absorb ink, which may alter the intensity of a color.
The substrate can also add a color of its own. A pure white substrate offers a neutral backdrop. Common Kraft paper, by contrast, will offer a dark brown background that visibly changes the appearance of the printed image and, therefore, must be compensated for.
When your product packaging includes multiple substrates — for example, a header card made of paperboard and a plastic film label — you might be surprised to learn that different printing processes and inks may be required to achieve color consistency between them. Your label printer will ask you questions and may even provide printed samples to help you get the look you want.
What’s Your Budget and Timetable?
A trustworthy label printer will be candid with you about the time and cost it will take to meet your color expectations. They may inform you that, for example, digital printing will cost you less and be more efficient. But if you really have your heart set on a particular shade of blue, flexography may be worth the investment, as that might be the only way to achieve that specific shade.
It’s always best to leave yourself plenty of time for a comprehensive discussion with your label printer about your color expectations and the printing options and technology they offer. The sooner you get in touch with your label printer, the more you’ll benefit from their expertise.
Want to learn about Dana, and how she found the perfect labels for her electrolyte water bottles? Read her story.
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Neighbors Win One in Struggle Against Bullying Oil Refinery
Update:This month, Chevron quietly let pass its final opportunity to appeal a California Court of Appeal decision that rejected the Environmental Impact Report for its expansion project at the Richmond Refinery.
Most of us know what it's like to have a bad neighbor—but imagine one so bad that you're forced to regularly hide indoors from it.
Such a bully has long stalked the communities of Richmond, CA, but this week they got help—from the California State Court of Appeals. The court sided with residents against their nightmare neighbor, a Chevron Corporation oil refinery that's been pouring toxic pollution upon them for years, that would like to make things even worse by refining thicker, dirtier oil.
The court stopped Chevron dead in its tracks because its expansion plan relied on an Environmental Impact Report so deficient that the court ruled it illegal. It's not likely the end of this fight, but for Earthjustice and the folks it's standing up for, this is the best news they've had in years of struggle with Chevron.
"The court agrees that the people of Richmond have a right to know just how dirty the crude oil processed in this refinery will be," said Earthjustice attorney Will Rostov.
Harm at the hands of Chevron's refinery is something these neighbors have been facing—and trying to duck—for decades. Aside from the routine exposure they endure from refinery pollution, they often are forced to shelter inside their homes or businesses when the facility has accidents, fires and even explosions that significantly increase pollutant output.
"African American, Latino, and Asian communities near the refinery have borne a disproportionate burden of exposure to pollution from the refinery for decades. And the community has been fighting back for decades—this victory is huge," said Dr. Henry Clark, executive director of West County Toxics Coalition.
The Coalition is one of several environmental justice groups represented by Earthjustice, including Communities for a Better Environment and the Asian Pacific Environmental Network. On their behalf, Earthjustice sued Richmond over its approval of the refinery expansion in 2008, saying the EIR violated the California Environmental Quality Act. Last year, a state court tossed out that EIR and halted further work on the refinery expansion.
The groups charge that the refinery would likely emit significantly more toxic pollution if it begins refining dirtier crude oil. This pollution would include chemicals linked to cancer and respiratory ailments.
The impacts of the expansion are global as well as local. The Chevron Richmond refinery is the single largest source of greenhouse gas pollution in the state, according to data released by the California Air Resources Board in 2009.
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