text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Belize, a small Central American country with a scattered population roughly the size of Buffalo, N.Y., lately has become a magnet for SUNY Cortland students.
The College will send about 50 students to the country in the time-span between this past summer and the Spring 2013 semester.
Thomas Pasquarello, a SUNY Cortland political science professor and the College’s unofficial ambassador to Belize, said there’s good reason for Belize’s popularity as a study abroad destination.
“It’s relatively close for an international location; it takes five hours to get there by airplane,” Pasquarello said of the country formerly known as British Honduras. The 350,000 citizens reside on about 8,860 square miles in the northeast coast of Central America, bordered by Mexico to the north and Guatemala to the south and west.
“It’s a tourist destination so it’s relatively easy to get there. It’s reasonably safe. It’s English speaking; education and business are conducted in English. Yet culturally it’s amazingly diverse. That makes it an ideal place for international programs.”
Pasquarello has long championed the College’s unique relationship with the Belize Zoo. He operates a blog about the educational and recreational destination at tbzblog.blogspot.com. He continues to share information about zoo fundraising and friend-raising in the Cortland community. This past summer he became a co-director of the annual summer Teacher Institute in Belize.
“I would describe it as a partnership. It’s longstanding, multifaceted, it includes a lot of different programs and different people,” Pasquarello said. “On the Belize side, the Belize Zoo and the Ministry of Education have been partners.… I believe both sides benefit tremendously.”
Gonda Gebhardt, the College’s assistant director of international programs, praised the personalities of this country’s populace.
During this past summer's Belize Teacher Institute, Belizean and U.S. teachers explored the Xunantunich Maya ruins together. In the image on the upper left, Jennifer Chan, shown center foreground, and Lorraine Campanaro, right foreground, feed the scarlet macaws at the Belize Zoo while classmates and faculty look on.
“The Belizean people are really nice, laid-back people that welcome our students,” she said. “They are easy to develop relationships with. The students who go and work there really can feel that they can make that difference because the country is so small and in Belize, they have a need for interns to come with the skills they have.”
Here are some of the newest initiatives regarding SUNY Cortland students and the tiny Central American country:
• Recreation, Parks and Leisure Studies Department faculty members Lynn Anderson and Vicki Wilkins expect to lead a team of 10 or more students in March to the Belize Zoo, where they will roll up their sleeves to assess and help implement physical access for individuals with disabilities. The Belize Zoo Transformation Project will build on the successful New York State Inclusive Recreation Resource Center that Anderson and Wilkins operate at SUNY Cortland to make parks and recreational areas across New York state available to all.
• Next spring, Professor of Art and Art History Jeremiah Donovan will launch a pilot program to accomplish in Belize what he did in China with past classes. The six to eight students enrolled in his Belize Winter Study: History, Culture, and the Arts course will work to identify, recreate and preserve for posterity the country’s traditional styles of pottery making. The study of ceramic artifacts is expected to reveal more about the great Mayan civilization that existed there some thousand years ago. The class will collaborate with University of Montana students and Jaime Awe, a leading archeologist from San Ignacio, Belize.
Students continue to participate in other projects, including:
• Brian Rivest, a professor of biological sciences, this winter will once again bring his marine biology class to explore the world’s largest still-living barrier reef off the east coast of Belize in the Caribbean Sea. His biennial class is an extended, four-credit course in which the students learn the science and the snorkeling in Cortland, then travel to Belize in early January and literally jump right in to the first-hand experience. For 11 days, the 24 students dive twice daily from an island on the barrier reef. They also briefly visit a tropical ecosystem in southern Belize.
• Through the College’s International Programs, individual students can arrange internships in human services, business, recreation, health, environmental preservation, archaeology, special education, wildlife preservation or other areas. Seven took the plunge between summer this past summer and next spring. Two students will be there in the spring. A business economics major will intern at Cotton Tree Lodge, a unique eco-lodge hidden in the jungles of southern Belize. Meanwhile, a community health major will experience hands-on learning at Cornerstone Foundation, a local agency that helps the community.
• At the summer Teachers Institute in Belize, three SUNY Cortland undergraduates and two graduate students joined three working teachers from around New York state to spend a week with resident educators sharing ideas and observing cultural differences. The program has evolved as an opportunity for Belizean educators to train themselves as master teachers. The Cortland participants earn course credit while immersing themselves in another country’s educational system and culture.
During the Summer Institute for Teachers, Jennifer Chan and Lorraine Campanaro used their free day to ride horseback through the jungle. The two senior childhood education majors said their first international learning experience placed them inside a tropical ecosystem where they spied many Mayan ruins draped in the undergrowth. Exploring the human, cultural differences was even more rewarding.
“I thought that (the Belize teachers) really used the resources around them,” said Campanaro, of Mohegan Lake, N.Y. “They don’t have a lot of technology and they are great with recycling and conservation. I was in awe of them, because unlike here in the U.S., they don’t have much to fall back on.”
Chan relished watching the way Belizeans mingle English with several other working languages in Belize, including phrases in Kriol, Garinagu, Mayan and Spanish.
“What I got out of it most was just the cultural aspect of living there and seeing what they go through every day,” she said. “I never thought in five days you could become so close to these amazing people, but at the end of it, we ended up crying to leave people we barely knew. Relationship building is really important.”
“I would definitely recommend Belize because I’m going into student teaching soon and this was all about building myself up as a professional,” said Campanaro, who now volunteers with International Programs to share her summer experience with others. “I came back ready to jump into the classroom and spread my ideas.”
“We do meet with all students individually to talk about Belize before they go,” said Gebhardt, who has worn both hats as a study abroad administrator and as a graduate student in the most recent summer Teachers Institute in Belize. “Everyone thinks of it as a beautiful semi-tropical paradise, it’s still very much a developing country. There are chamber of commerce brochures that give the country an idealistic look. But you need to be ready to see the poverty and the trash alongside the road.
“Particularly with the internship program, the students need to be self-starters,” Gebhardt said. “They need to realize a lot of time it’s up to them to figure out what the agency really needs help with and then to do it. And the workspace sometimes is very humbling, maybe one desk and an antiquated computer.”
“Many of them have never been overseas and some of them have not flown,” said Rivest. The biologist has taken his students to Belize instead of Jamaica since 1994 because of the pristine state of the barrier reefs.
“They get off the bus surrounded by Mayan children who are begging, pleading, for the opportunity to carry our bags up a quarter mile path to the camp we stay in.”
The group soon relocates to its astonishingly remote diving location.
“I deliver the academic program, lecturing on Turtle Grass (Thalassia testudinum) beds, and then we go snorkeling in the Turtle Grass beds on the barrier reefs.”
Two SUNY Cortland students plan to intern in Belize next spring and five other participants hailing from other SUNY campuses also will benefit from the College’s program.
“Belize Zoo placements are quite competitive and only will accept students for about four weeks,” Gebhardt said. “We have one student who’s interested in a Belize Zoo internship and when she’s completed that in the spring she’s going to the Bacab Eco Park (a nature-oriented family resort). She’s an outdoor recreation major, and she’s going to work there for 12 weeks through the end of the semester.”
The Belize internship program recently gained a coordinator, Nancy Adamson. A U.S. citizen, the retired academic uses her many connections there to help the College set up internships. Adamson assists the students with academic advisement in some disciplines, transportation from the airport, orientation and placement with host families.
In a survey of last year’s internship participants, the students reported gains in practical on-the-job experience, interpersonal skills and adaptability. Some noted they have adopted a different perspective on American culture and that their internship enhanced their employability.
Belize offers an emotional experience that imprints itself permanently into many participants’ minds, Rivest said.
“I’ve heard from students who took the class years ago and it’s described as the most memorable experience from their education here at Cortland,” Rivest said. “I have the advantage, of course, of taking them to a tropical island where the water is warm and clear. We’re watching the sunrise over the mainland from 13 miles away every day. Aesthetically it’s beautiful, but it’s also a full immersion experience and the students remember things from this class in a way that’s difficult to replicate on campus: to talk about a species of coral and then go out and look at it in your hand.”
|
<urn:uuid:868e72a1-e984-4084-b037-4b312d213b8a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://ambergriscaye.com/forum/ubbthreads.php/topics/451603/belize-a-popular-student-destination.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00210-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948686
| 2,274
| 2.015625
| 2
|
Not only is Boston buried in about a foot of snow right now; The Beauty Bug is also buried in mounds of tissues. She’s currently recovering from a lingering cold. She’s already went through an entire box of tissues, and even worse, She always seems to have to blow her now right after she’s applied her makeup. After days of blowing her nose, the skin around her nostrils has begun to peel, and it’s not a pretty site – She calls is nose dandruff. She knows what you’re thinking, and yes, it’s gross, no doubt about it.
Looking for a quick fix, The Beauty Bug reached for her Darphin Aromatic Renewing Balm. She knew little about the product; only that it contained six essential oils, and vitamin E. She opened the jar and was pleasantly surprised at the citrus scent; the smell was very subtle, yet very calming and soothing. The balm is light and silky in texture, and absorbs into the skin very quickly. She applied the balm prior to applying Her makeup, and in a day and half Her little nose was no longer flaking and peeling.
A very versatile product, Darphin’s Aromatic Renewing balm can be used at in the morning under makeup, in the evening, or as The Beauty Bug used it – as a spot treatment on especially dry areas. On those bitter cold days The Beauty Bug carries the renewing balm around with Her to make sure Her skin doesn’t get chapped. It’s compact, and easy to apply – even without a mirror.
So, while the snow may still be here (and more is on its way), the Beauty Bug’s nose is cured, and She’s prepared for the extremely low temperatures that are here to stay.
|
<urn:uuid:af10092a-01af-48ad-8138-c374b3c2fa75>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.bitbythebeautybug.com/2007/12/14/darphin-aromatic-renewing-balm/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971062
| 389
| 1.523438
| 2
|
Peril: exposure to injury, loss, or destruction. What could be perilous about being popular? Popularity is one of life’s most sought after desires. Everybody wants friends, to be loved, to be accepted and belong. What’s wrong with that, one might ask? Why is this something we need to be concerned about? What is perilous about the desire to be popular, and how might this desire expose us to injury, loss, or destruction?
It is commonly accepted that riches and popularity are universally esteemed and seriously sought after by mankind. It is also recognized that most of the world’s drive and ambition seems to be focused on the effort to obtain them. It is sad to see the results of those pursuits, when we consider the conditions of the world past and present. “Those who don’t learn from history are doomed to repeat it,” is a revealing statement. While riches and popularity are closely connected, for the sake of brevity, we will only be examining popularity for now.
To make these thoughts a bit clearer, maybe a bit of substitution could be permitted without misrepresenting Scripture. In 1 Timothy 6:9, we read: “But they that will be rich [popular] fall into temptation and a snare, and into many foolish and hurtful lusts, which drown men in destruction and perdition.” While this particular scripture is primarily dealing with materialism or riches, is it not possible that the principle being lifted out also applies to the area of popularity as well?
“They that will be…” is the concern of this article. Temptations, snares, foolish and hurtful lusts—who wants to fall into these? Neither our loved ones nor we would knowingly seek these out. The temptation to be uppermost was first introduced to us in the Garden of Eden, and it continues in its attempts to dethrone God and honor the creature. There are several applications for the word love in the Scriptures that help identify this spirit, two of which will be examined below.
The Greek word agape denotes the active love God’s people have for Him, others, and God’s creation. It is a selfless love given freely without regard or respect of persons.
Another word used in the Bible for a very different type of love is philoproteuo. This is a love to be first, loving to have preeminence. Who does this sound like? This “love” is not from God. People employ it to get what they desire and use it as a tool for self-promotion. It is earthly, sensual, full of guile, and seeks its own. Sadly, this so-called love is more commonly offered in the world today than the love of God. The desire for position, power, station, and political preeminence are examples of the world’s vision and drive for and of success. But what has that got to do with God’s people, we might ask?
“How can ye believe, which receive honour one of another, and seek not the honour that cometh from God only?” (John 5:44). When we can face the fact that we are as subject to this temptation as our neighbor, we will be better able to recognize it and seek God’s help in resisting it. A few examples might serve to see the devastating effects this perilous desire has had on the loves of some powerful people in the past. King Saul’s sin didn’t seem that bad compared to some, we might think, but rather than repent and be restored he states, “I have sinned, yet honor me now, I pray thee, before the elders and before Israel.” This same desire turned a son against his father as Absalom stole the hearts of the people from his father. What was he seeking? What type of love and desire was that? How different from the love Jonathan had for David! What was the source and motive for these two very different approaches to life among God’s people? We admire the one and recoil before the other. How might we be influenced
and drawn away by this form of sinister self-love?
“For they loved the praise of men more than the praise of God,” is said of the Pharisees (John 12:43). King Saul, in justifying his actions, offered the excuse of fearing the people, so he “obeyed their voice” rather than what he knew was God’s will. Was this the same ever-present peer pressure we often struggle with? Or was it some form of self-preservation fed by his desire to be somebody and retain a position highly esteemed among men?
The desire to be popular, to be honored, is a great plague and grace robber among God’s people in any age or situation. When this temptation is trying us, we may become unfaithful to our baptismal vows to give and take reproof. Doing so, we fear, might result in the loss of friends or make us unpopular with some of our brethren. When asked how things are with us, we might struggle with integrity issues and not be as open and truthful as needed, for “fear of the people.” Then the next step down is to become people pleasers at the expense of pleasing God. What will one sacrifice on the altar of popularity? This selfish ambition will result in a life of compromised convictions and criticalness. Bondage to a certain look, public opinion polls, and a lack of closeness with God are sure to follow. A certain stress and fear of how we appear compared to our brethren affects our motives. Take a moment and read James 4:1-11. How often does this struggle want to try us?
Openhearted hospitality and a warm, friendly demeanor are very much appreciated and should be encourage. These are social graces that, as Christians, we should encourage and practice. They are very helpful in the furtherance of fellowship and work in the kingdom of Christ. May we offer them without respect of persons or advantage to self. As parents, let us pray to God for a vision to assist our children and youth in their growth and development of J.O.Y.—J=Jesus, O=Others, and Y=Yourself. The giving away of self is the real abundant life, the life of promise fulfilled within us, the life of the indwelling Christ manifest in selfless service.
How we live will long outlive how long we lived. Like Abel, we being dead or alive will yet speak. “My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto my sayings. Let them not depart from thine eyes; keep them in the midst of thine heart. For they are life unto those who find them, and health to all their flesh. Keep thy heart with all diligence; for out of it are the issues of life” (Prov. 4:20-23). May we offer our Father our whole hearts and rest in His plan and promotion for our lives.
From Messenger of Truth, Vol. 110, No. 15, July 25, 2012
|
<urn:uuid:e2b0b893-1e77-46b2-a947-29e416f818ae>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://churchofgodinchristmennonite.net/the-perils-of-popularity/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00277.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963829
| 1,494
| 1.773438
| 2
|
Tooth Decay Amongst Five Year Olds in Decline
« View all News items
Responding to Public Health England report that shows a fall in the overall number of five year olds with tooth decay, Professor Bill Saunders, Dean of the Dental Faculty of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh said:
"Whilst the fall is welcome, PHE’s figures show that a quarter of children in England start school with tooth decay. This is entirely preventable and once again shows the urgent need to limit sugary food and drink, encouraging regular brushing and the benefits of regular visits to dentists.
"Once again, we call on Government to urgently devise and implement a national obesity strategy that contains measures to reduce sugar content in a wide range of food and drinks as well as a national oral strategy to deal with this specific issue.”
Select a year and month from the headings below to view news items from that month.
|
<urn:uuid:7bfdd128-2581-4028-98b8-50604d4230a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.rcsed.ac.uk/news-public-affairs/news/2016/may/tooth-decay-amongst-five-year-olds-in-decline
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917311
| 193
| 2.640625
| 3
|
On May 26, the Phase III clinical report of Sinopharm Vaccine was finally published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), while the Phase III report of Kexing Vaccine has not yet been officially published through peer review at this time. These two vaccines in China are among the first vaccines in the world to complete Phase III clinical trials and obtain emergency authorization from China. However, the specific results of their Phase III trials were almost released in journals at the latest, which has caused widespread doubts internationally. . Judging from the Phase III test reports of Sinopharm and Kexing Vaccine, there are still two obvious problems.
Why is China’s vaccine phase III clinical results not transparent?
Previously, many international experts pointed out that the Phase III clinical trial data of China Kexing and Sinopharm Vaccine are not transparent and have not been published in journals for a long time. However, many Chinese people are puzzled: the Health Commission has announced that China‘s Kexing vaccine has conducted Phase III clinical trials in Brazil and other countries, with a protection rate of about 50%; the protection rate of Sinopharm vaccine is more than 70%, and the results are clear. Chu posing, why did you say “not published”?
Here needs to explain a concept, what is called“The results of Phase III clinical trials are published in journals”。
First of all, what is the “Phase III clinical trial”?
The development of a vaccine requires animal experiments and then human trials.Human trials are divided into several steps: first, do smaller-scale Phase I and II clinical trials, and then doLarger Phase III clinical trial.whenPhase III test results confirm that the vaccine is effective and safeAfter that, the government considered approving the listing and attacking the people.
So what does “published in a journal” mean?
What we usually say about journals isPeer-reviewed journal.In other words, the vaccine’sAfter the results of the third phase trial came out, It needs to be reviewed in academia and certified by other experts in the same field. The purpose is to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the final vaccine announcement, in line with general academic standards, without bias.After the review, the vaccine‘s Phase III trial report will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Common international medical authoritative journals, including “The Lancet” (The Lancet), “Journal of the American Medical Association” (JAMA), “New England Journal of Medicine” (NJEM) and so on.
So, as you can see,Pfizer vaccineinLast DecemberAfter completing the Phase III trial, it was reported onCurrent monthPublished in the “New England Journal of Medicine”.Modena vaccineThe report of the third phase of the trial was published in the New England Journal of Medicine on February 4.
Not only that, but Sinopharm itself has not released a specific Phase III trial report to the public. At that time, the statement of Sinopharm only stated that a vaccine candidate produced by its affiliated Beijing Institute of Biological Products had an effective rate of 79%.The whole statement is only a few sentences, and there is no provision for the third phase of the trialDetailed medical data, Such as: How did the Phase III trial be done? How many people will be vaccinated? The specific ratio of different ages? How many kinds of systemic and local side effects are there? What is the rate of each side effect? How many accidental deaths are there? Is it related to vaccines? ……Etc., etc.
These should usually beNormal vaccine company website, National Center for Disease Control and PreventionmeetingDetailed announcementThe data from the China Vaccine Company website and the China Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Almost blank。
Only give the people a number.andHow did this number come from——The most critical part has been omitted from the ambiguity.
It wasn’t until four or five months later that Sinopharm slowly released the data. At the end of May, the results of the Phase III clinical trial of Sinopharm Vaccine were published in international journals.
Kexing is the world‘s first vaccine to complete Phase III clinical trials. The results of its three phases are still unpublished.StillPreprint stage(“Preprint” refers to a report that has not yet passed peer review, and is generally not counted as officially published in a journal).
So, where did the data go in these blank months? Even if it is not accepted by international journals, why not publish it to the public and the medical community first? It is difficult for us to know.
Two major problems in the three phase reports of Sinopharm and Kexing
However, the three phase reports of Sinopharm and Kexing Vaccine are finally overdue. Are the results completely relieved? Not at all.
In the finally released report, there are two obvious issues that should be brought to the attention of the public:
1. The population of test subjects, mainly young people
We know that the people who have the highest priority for vaccinations against the new crown vaccine in various countries (except for frontline medical staff) are elderly people over 65 years old. This is because elderly people over 65 are the most vulnerable group to contract the new crown.
In the Phase III trial of Pfizer vaccine, 42% were elderly people over 55 years old; in the Phase III trial of Modena vaccine, 25% were elderly people over 65 years old. however,Coxing VaccineIn Brazil’s Phase III trial, only recruited5% of the elderly；SinopharmThe published clinical trial site is in the Middle East, recruitedThe elderly are even less than 2%。
Not only that, but the article on Sinopharm Vaccine also pointed out in the discussion section on the limitations of research:Sinopharm Vaccine Phase III TrialThe main target isHealthy, young Middle Eastern men, And lack of sufficient efficacy to test the effect of the vaccine in the elderly, women, and patients with chronic diseases.
This group of people is the least likely to be infected with the new crown. When the pharmaceutical company knows that the new crown is mainly infected with chronic diseases and the elderly, why do they conduct clinical trials with young people as the mainstay and hardly recruit the elderly? And can the number of vaccine protection obtained from the young population be counted as the true protection of the vaccine? The researchers of Sinopharm themselves also stated that they cannot be directly used to infer the protection of the vaccine against the elderly, men, and patients with chronic diseases.
Obviously, Sinopharm and Kexing have obvious biases when selecting subjects.
2. The side effects of Sinopharm vaccine are lower than adjuvants
There is still a problem with the test report provided by Sinopharm Vaccine, which is that the proportion of side effects is extremely low.
Many people believe that low side effects mean that the vaccine is safe and a good thing. Here we must first clarify a concept.
Side effects occur after administering the vaccine (this is not about serious or abnormal side effects, but aboutGeneral side effects),is normal. This is because when the vaccine enters the body and stimulates an immune response, the body will inevitably experience fever, headache, fatigue and other reactions.This representsThe body’s immune system is being activated, The vaccine is working.
Elderly people who administer the new crown vaccine rarely have side effects because their immune system is already weak. After the vaccine enters the body, it is difficult to stimulate the immunity as large as young people.
From the three phase reports of Pfizer and Modena, it can be seen that the proportion of systemic side effects is more than 70%.Higher than the control placebo. this is normal. At least, the side effects caused by the injection of the vaccine into the human body should generally be higher than the control group.
So, why does the control group, such as normal saline, cause 30% of side effects? Because people don’t know whether they are taking a real vaccine or saline when participating in the experiment, they will have a certain psychological effect.
In the control group of Sinopharm vaccine, adjuvants are used (adjuvants are auxiliary components of the vaccine and do not contain the main component-inactivated virus, which does not stimulate an immune response by itself). The proportion of side effects caused by it is 29%. What is puzzling is that the proportion of side effects in the group injected with the Sinopharm vaccine is only 28% to 29%.Equal to or lower than the side effects of adjuvant！
This can’t help but cause people to wonder, after the Sinopharm vaccine is administered, does an immune response really occur? Is there really enough antibodies in the body?
In addition, as mentioned earlier, the Phase III data of Kexing Vaccine are currently only published on the preprint website. It contains two test reports in Brazil and Chile. Among them, Chile reported that there were only more than 400 recruits in the third phase (usually tens of thousands of people were recruited for the third phase of the vaccine), and it did not give the overall protection of the vaccine.
HereNotEvaluate the quality of the vaccines of Kexing and Sinopharm, or the quality of other vaccines.But to exploreA pharmaceutical company, a country’s official medical institution, Is it responsible for the peopleBasic responsibility。
To make a vaccine that needs to be vaccinated for hundreds of millions of people, transparency and openness are of the utmost importance.
In recent days, many people posted on Weibo for help, telling that problems such as ear deafness, cerebral infarction, and heart disease occurred within a short period of time after being vaccinated with Kexing vaccine. These should be taken seriously by the government and the media as a rule.did not receiveAny concern. After the vaccine is widely administered, it is very possible that more serious side effects are found.AZ vaccineThere are also rare side effects of thrombosis, butThe media immediately paid attention, and the vaccine company and the government immediately issued several statements and conducted investigations.And thenConfirmed and listed as a side effect of the vaccine, The whole process keeps the public informed.How many people have side effects, the basic age and gender characteristics of each patient, the time of side effects, specific symptoms, and health status, The report is very detailed. This has nothing to do with the quality of the vaccine, but the basic responsibility of the government and pharmaceutical companies for the lives and health of the people.
In a chaotic world, if you have a healthy way, just lookHealth 1+1！
· The two countries with the highest vaccinations in the world have two polarities
· There are two risks of inactivated vaccines?Analysis of the three major issues of vaccines in China
·[Replay]The latest comparison of the seven major new crown vaccines is open
Editor in charge: Li Qingfeng
|
<urn:uuid:910c65bb-b95a-4814-8175-d4784137fb61>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.breakinglatest.news/news/sinopharm-and-kexing-vaccines-2-things-you-didnt-know-china-vaccines-new-crown-vaccines-side-effects/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955971
| 2,317
| 2.328125
| 2
|
- freely available
Cancers 2013, 5(3), 1086-1102; doi:10.3390/cancers5031086
Abstract: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the t(9;22) translocation. As in most cancers, short telomeres are one of the features of CML cells, and telomere shortening accentuates as the disease progresses from the chronic phase to the blastic phase. Although most individual telomeres are short, some of them are lengthened, and long individual telomeres occur non-randomly and might be associated with clonal selection. Telomerase is the main mechanism used to maintain telomere lengths, and its activity increases when CML evolves toward advanced stages. ALT might be another mechanism employed by CML cells to sustain the homeostasis of their telomere lengths and this mechanism seems predominant at the early stage of leukemogenesis. Also, telomerase and ALT might jointly act to maintain telomere lengths at the chronic phase, and as CML progresses, telomerase becomes the major mechanism. Finally, CML cells display an altered nuclear organization of their telomeres which is characterized by the presence of high number of telomeric aggregates, a feature of genomic instability, and differential positioning of telomeres. CML represents a good model to study mechanisms responsible for dynamic changes of individual telomere lengths and the remodeling of telomeric nuclear organization throughout cancer progression.
1. Telomere Overview
The ends of human chromosomes, called telomeres, are constituted of a tandem of repeats TTAGGG and nucleoprotein complexes, and they play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis by maintaining genome stability and integrity. These telomeric functions cannot be attained unless telomere lengths are maintained at a level that allows telomeres to avoid chromosome end-to-end fusion, DNA cascade signaling, and genomic instability .
In healthy individuals, the average length of telomeres ranges between 5 and 15 kb, and can differ among individuals, tissues, cells, chromosomes, and chromosome arms. Average length of telomeres (telomeres from groups of cells, tissues, or organs) and length of individual telomere (telomeres on each chromosome arm) can be assessed by using genomic DNA or cytological preparations . Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown negative correlation between telomere length and cellular aging [3,4,5]. In normal stem cells and germ lines, telomeres are maintained by a special ribonucleoprotein enzyme, called telomerase, which counteracts loss of telomeric sequences by adding telomere repeats at the 3' telomeric overhang [6,7]. Telomerase is composed of a catalytic unit, (TERT), and an RNA unit, TERC, which serves as a substrate for telomere elongation. In absence of telomerase, telomere shortening can lead to the disruption of telomere structure, telomere fusions, and a cascade of DNA damage signaling. Then, cells enter into senescence, apoptosis, or crisis [8,9,10]. Cells can bypass crisis by activating mechanisms of telomere length maintenance, telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), and further genomic instability can induce cell transformation and tumor initiation .
In most cancers, telomerase is activated and maintains telomere length homeostasis to ensure cell proliferation [11,12]. ALT is the other telomere length maintenance mechanism, present in 15% of tumors [13,14]. ALT cells present at least one of these phenotypes: heterogeneous telomere lengths , telomeric DNA and shelterin proteins associated with promyelocytic leukemia bodies (APB) [16,17], numerous double-stranded and C-rich telomeric circles [18,19,20], increased numbers of DNA damage response foci at telomeres , and an increased frequency of telomeric sister-chromatid exchanges [22,23].
Although mechanisms of telomere length maintenance are always activated in tumors, the presence of short telomeres is one of the hallmarks of neoplastic cells and they can induce or exacerbate genomic instability [24,25,26,27]. Likewise telomere shortening, the alteration of telomeric nuclear organization has been associated with genomic instability and cancer progression [28,29,30,31,32,33]. Telomeric nuclear organization is defined by: (1) the number of telomeres (telomere signals), (2) telomere length (telomere signal intensity), (3) the number of telomere aggregates (TAs) (telomere clusters, found in close proximity that cannot be further resolved as separate entities at an optical resolution limit of 200 nm), (4) telomere distribution within a nucleus, and (5) telomere positions (the distance of each telomere from the nuclear center versus the periphery) [28,32,34,35].
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the rare cancers whose telomere biology (average length of telomeres, length of individual telomeres, different mechanisms of telomere length maintenance, and telomeric nuclear organization) has been extensively studied. Integrating knowledge covering different aspects of telomere biology in CML would allow one to gain deeper insights into how intertwined different components of telomere biology are in cancer, generally, and CML, particularly. In this review, we will discuss changes in telomere lengths, their maintenance mechanisms, and telomeric nuclear organization in CML. This pathology offers a unique model to study different facets of telomere biology in cancer because of its well characterized natural history, the easy access of tumor cells, the availability of control tissue (same cellular origin), the good quality of karyotype (necessary for the measurement of individual telomere lengths), and the availability of good therapeutic which can enable to study the impact of successful treatment on telomere biology.
2. Clinical Presentation and Molecular Biology of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative neoplasm and characterized by an excessive proliferation of myeloid cells in bone marrow and their accumulation in blood. Its incidence is 1 to 1.5 per 100,000 people, and it mainly affects adults between 50 and 60 years old. The cause of CML is unknown, but exposures to ionizing radiation and benzene have been reported as risk factors [36,37]. Clinically, patients present with generalized fatigue, weight loss, night sweats, anemia, splenomegaly, and unexplained bleeding. More than half of the patients are asymptomatic at their diagnosis, and over 90% of the patients are diagnosed at the chronic phase (CP). If no appropriate treatment is administered, CML evolves irremediably in three clinical phases: the chronic phase (CP), the accelerated phase (AP), and the blastic phase (BP) . The current treatment of CML is primarily based on molecular targeted therapies, specifically tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and this therapeutic approach has the advantage of being more effective than bone marrow transplantation and chemotherapy, as well as being less toxic than the latter .
CML is a clonal disease and characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph), resulting from the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2) . This translocation is responsible for the fusion of the oncogene c-abl-1 non-receptor tyrosine kinase (ABL1) located on chromosome 9 with the breakpoint cluster region (BCR) on chromosome 22 . In most patients, the fusion gene BCR-ABL1 produces a 210 kDa protein which has a highly constitutive tyrosine kinase activity. This high tyrosine kinase activity leads to activation of mitogenic signaling pathways, altered cell adhesion, inhibition of apoptosis, and arrest of cell differentiation . When no appropriate treatment is administered, CML irreversibly progresses from CP to the AP and to the BP. These two latter phases are characterized by the appearance of secondary chromosomal abnormalities: +8, +Ph, i(17q), +19, −Y, +21, +17, and −7 [43,44].
The molecular drivers of CML evolution are poorly understood, and some authors have suggested an evolution in a stepwise fashion. An increased activity of the fusion protein BCR-ABL1 might be followed by inactivation of tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, a default in DNA repair machinery, an emergence of other chromosomal abnormalities, and occurrence of genomic instability . Data from gene expression profiling have indexed six key genes (NOB1, DDX47, IGSF2, LTB4R, SCARB1, and SLC25A3) which have been suggested to discriminate the initial and late stages of each clinical phase of CML , but their role in the progression of CML remains unknown. Nevertheless, knowledge gained from the molecular pathogenesis of CML has enabled the development of the first molecular target therapy, imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, NJ, USA), and subsequently, other similar molecules have been developed against emerging resistant clones .
3. Telomere Length in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
3.1. Average Length of Telomeres
In CML, most of the studies have assessed the average length of telomeres by using either telomere restriction fragment (TRF) or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) coupled with flow cytometry (Flow-FISH) (Table 1). The genomic DNA is used for TRF, and the technique has the advantage to estimate the physical length of telomeres in kb, enabling comparison of telomere lengths between different studies. For the flow-FISH, cytological preparations are used, and it has the benefit of comparing telomere lengths of different cellular populations within the same preparation .
|Measurements of average telomeres||TRF||DNA||Comparison between studies||Large amount of DNA Labor intense|
|Flow FISH||Interphase cells||Can measure different cell subsets||Require cytological preparation|
|Measurements of individual telomeres||Q-FISH||Metaphases||Can identify all individual telomeres||Requires metaphases|
|3D telomere FISH||Interphase cells||Assess the number, intensity and the position of individual telomeres in interphase nuclei||Cannot identify individual telomeres|
Many studies have found that telomeres of leukemic cells from CML patients are shorter than those of white blood cells from healthy individuals [46,47,48,49]. Among these studies, one reported that telomere length difference between leukemic cells from CML patients and leucocytes from aged-matched healthy individuals can reach one kb. The same study compared telomere lengths of Ph positive cells and Ph negative T lymphocytes from the same CML patient, and showed telomeres of leukemic cells are shorter than those of Ph negative T lymphocytes . Furthermore, average telomere length has been reported to negatively correlate with disease progression. Indeed, patients in PA and PB presented significantly shorter telomeres than those in the PC [47,50,51]. Finally, short telomeres have been associated with poor prognostic and high score of Hasford .
Many factors have been proposed to account for telomere shortening in CML. Like other cancers high proliferation rate of leukemic cells has been suggested of being the prominent driving force for telomere shortening . Moreover, BCR-ABL1 might influence telomere shortening during different phases of CML. Increased activity of tyrosine kinase can generate reactive oxygen species which could lead to oxidative damage and telomere shortening . Finally, the uncapping of telomeres through disruption of shelterin proteins which are altered during CML evolution might be another cause for telomere shortening.
A successful treatment of CML with tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been associated with telomere lengthening due to the decline of Ph positive cells in blood and bone marrow . Although telomeres of CML patients lengthen after successful treatment, telomeres of the myeloid compartment still shorter than their counterparts in healthy individuals. A recent study showed that telomeres of myeloid cells (Ph negative) from CML patients in remission, after successful treatment, were shorter than those of age-matched healthy controls whereas telomere lengths of lymphoid cells did not present any statistical difference between the patients and the controls . The authors explained the persistence of short telomeres in the myeloid compartment by diverse factors not being exclusive: (1) presence of intrinsic short telomeres of myeloid stem cells before transformation; (2) effect of myeloid microenvironment; and (3) accrued proliferation of myeloid stem cells . It would be interesting to know if the persistence of short telomeres in myeloid compartment can have deleterious consequences on patients in remission.
3.2. Length of Individual Telomeres
Few studies have been done in CML to determine lengths of individual telomeres, and this scarcity of data regarding individual telomere lengths is also common in others cancers. Two recent studies have provided new insights into the profiling of individual telomere lengths in CML [46,55]. Both of these studies found different profiles between healthy individuals and CML patients at the CP. In CML, individual telomeres on 18p and Xp were the longest while the shortest were on 20q, 21p and 21q . On the other hand, in healthy individuals, telomeres on 17p, 19p, and 20q were the shortest while those on 5p, 3p, 4q, and 1p were the longest [46,56,57]. These results suggest that dynamic of telomere shortening or lengthening is different between normal and leukemic cells.
Individual telomeres might present different shortening rates during leukomogenesis. By using statistical modeling and measurements of individual telomere lengths from CML patients at the CP and healthy aged-matched controls, a study estimated that individual telomeres present different shortening rates from CML initiation to the diagnostic (CP) . For instance, telomeres on Yp, Yq, 1q, 5q, 9q, 8p, and 21p presented the highest telomere attrition rates, and their lengths were at least 30% shorter than their counterparts in healthy population. Then, it was hypothesized that the pronounced shortening of telomeres on both arms of the Y chromosome, which is one of the recurrent secondary abnormalities in CML [43,58] could explain its loss at the late stages of CML . Also, telomere shortening on some specific chromosome arms might account for some secondary chromosomal abnormalities during CML progression .
Most notably, studies on individual telomere lengths have highlighted the presence of long telomeres on some specific chromosomes arms, features of some CML samples. For instance, telomeres on Xp, 5p, 7q and 3p recurrently lengthened in some samples, and their length ranged from 14.1 Kb to 24.8 Kb while the average lengths of telomeres in those samples were between 6–8 Kb [46,55]. Also, these long telomeres had the particularities to be mono allelic and were present in a proportion of cells, evoking clonal selection . These long individual telomeres in CML at the CP might be a consequence of clonal expansion and associated with CML progression from CP to BP. A similar observation was made in a case of B type acute lymphoblastic leukemia which displayed a very long telomere on one of the 11q, and this long telomere, subsequent to the t(9;22) translocation, was associated with disease progression and clonal expansion . On the other hand, selective lengthening of individual telomeres may be a cause of clonal selection in CML. The lengthening of telomeres on some chromosome arms may lead to telomere position effects [60,61] and down regulate the expression of certain genes at subtelomeric regions. For instance, some of these genes might carry out antiproliferative functions, so their down regulation might confer a proliferative advantage to cells harboring these long individual telomeres.
The recurrent shortening or lengthening of individual telomeres may serve as a marker for clinical monitoring in CML and other cancers. Further studies evaluating their clinical values in different clinical stages of CML and other tumors are needed before establishing their usefulness in the clinical setting. Moreover, it would be essential for cancer studies to better elucidate different mechanisms underlying telomere shortening or lengthening at chromosomal-arm level. Also, the understanding of eventual roles of individual telomere shortening or lengthening in chromosomal abnormalities, clonal expansion, and cell proliferation would expand our knowledge on genomic instability and cell survival in cancer.
4. Mechanisms of Telomere Maintenance
In CML, telomerase had been proposed to be the only telomerase maintenance mechanism before a recent study suggested that ALT may also play a role in maintaining telomere lengths . The telomerase is activated in CP patients and its activity increases as the disease progresses from the CP to the AP and from the AP to the BP. This high telomerase activity is probably due to an increased number of blasts and has been associated with poor prognosis [63,64,65]. Furthermore, genomic instability might be another reason for poor prognostic in patients presenting high telomerase activity. In fact, an elevation of telomerase activity has been associated with the acquisition of new cytogenetic abnormalities , and more than 60% of CML patients with high telomerase activity presented microsatellite instability . Thus, a surge in telomerase activity may be associated with genomic instability and aggravate the neoplastic process during CML evolution.
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors, specifically those targeting BCR-ABL1, might be involved in telomerase regulation. Treatment of different cell lines expressing telomerase by imatinib down regulates telomerase activity and inhibits cell proliferation suggesting direct action of imatinib on telomerase regulation . Moreover, in vitro treatment of leukemic cells from CML patients by imatinib represses telomerase activity more in cells from CP patients than in those from BP patients. The same study showed that inhibition of telomerase was due to a direct action of imatinib on TERT transcription . Another study reported imatinib induces a transcriptional repression of TERT only in imatinib-sensitive cells but not in imatinib-resistant cells, and telomerase was suggested to represent an additional factor for imatinib resistance in blast crisis. This resistance occurs faster when cells overexpress TERT . Finally, BCR-ABL was proposed to regulate telomerase activity, and this regulation occurs at multiple levels, including transcription, at the post-translational level, and proper localization . In conclusion, BCR-ABL1 might induce or enhance telomerase activity leading to sustained cell proliferation and cell resistance to apoptosis.
An association of anti-telomerase therapy with standard treatment in CML could assure better clinical outcome by overcoming therapeutic resistance of anti-tyrosine kinase. An in vitro study has shown that inhibition of the catalytic unit of telomerase (TERT) in leukemic cells potentiates the cis-diamminedichloroplatinum effect by increasing apoptosis . Divers strategies such as transcriptional inhibition of essential telomerase components by short interfering RNA (siRNA), inhibition of telomerase activity by dominant negative of TERT or small molecules, and use of antisense-oligodesoxynucleotides against the RNA component of telomerase (TERC) have been proposed for telomerase inhibition in CML . However, leukemic cells which might use mechanisms other than telomerase to maintain their telomeres could impede clinical success of anti telomerase therapy in CML. Integrative strategies should be developed to better target anti-telomere maintenance mechanisms.
4.2. Alternative Lengthening of Telomere
Rarely has the presence of the ALT mechanism been reported in hematological malignancies, and only one study has investigated this mechanism in CML. The authors of this study had based their hypothesis for ALT involvement in CML on the fluctuation of length ratios of intra-arm or inter-homologous telomeres, found in their previous studies [46,55]. Then, they studied the presence of ALT in CML patients at the CP by identifying telomeric C-circles, the most specific ALT marker [14,72]. In 3 out 24 samples, C-circles were present in absence of telomerase activity, and ALT was suggested as the sole mechanism maintaining telomere length in these samples. Moreover, 6 out 24 samples presented double strand telomeric circles when telomerase is activated or not . These double strand telomeric circles might either be suggestive of ALT or consequence of TRF2 mutant lacking the basic domain , overexpression of the telomerase catalytic subunit , or exposure to DNA damaging agents .
While typical ALT cell lines display very long telomeres , most of CML cells showing ALT characteristics present short telomeres [46,62]. These telomeres of CML samples are similar to those of cells using recombination mechanism in mouse telomerase negative background and normal mammalian somatic cells using ALT . Perhaps, these cells might use the same break induced replication mechanism to maintain their telomere lengths as seen in yeast type I survivors . Thus, it is likely that CML cells during the CP might rely on a similar recombination mechanism as described in these different models to maintain their telomere lengths.
The presence of different ALT phenotypes in CML cells [46,55,62] is highly suggestive of the use of various recombination mechanisms, as it has been proposed for normal and malignant cells [19,23,76,77]. Epigenetic modifications might be a key player governing at least one of these recombination mechanisms. Studies have shown that loss of DNA methylation and heterochromatin marks at subtelomeric regions lead to aberrant telomere elongation through high frequency of telomere recombination [79,80,81,82]. In CML, these epigenetic changes at the telomeric and subtelomeric regions could favor recombination of specific individual telomeres and lead to lengthening of specific individual telomeres, as it has been shown in some CML samples [46,55]. Future studies should look at how subtelomeric and telomeric epigenetic modifications promote the lengthening of some individual telomeres in CML cells and how these epigenetic changes lead to selective lengthening of individual telomeres.
The transition from ALT to telomerase based maintenance mechanism in CML cells may be driven by clonal selection and an increased number of blasts. A correlation between telomerase activity and blast number has been shown as exemplified by a 50-fold increase in telomerase activity in more than 50% of the BC patients [66,83]. It is not known whether these blasts expressing high telomerase activity can maintain residual ALT activity, or a very small fraction of cells at advanced stage of CML can still use solely ALT mechanism. The simultaneous presence of ALT and telomerase in the same cell cannot be ruled out although experimental evidence is lacking to prove this hypothesis in CML. Nevertheless, in vitro studies have shown that ALT cells can retain some of their characteristics upon ectopic over expression of telomerase, suggesting that both mechanisms can be present in the same cell . A recent study has weighted in this hypothesis by showing, in human sarcoma, the simultaneous presence of a feature of ALT (APB) and high expression of TERT which correlated with telomerase activity. The same study also found that populations of cells could distinctly use either telomerase or ALT mechanism to maintain their telomeres .
In light of these data, we can infer the possibility that CML cells at an early onset of leukemogenesis might use ALT mechanism only . As the disease advances toward late CP, cells may use both mechanisms; telomerase may become the predominant mechanism as CML evolves from CP to BP. However, persistence of some clones using ALT exclusively or both telomerase and ALT in advanced stage of the disease cannot be ruled out (Figure 1). Some studies are needed to explore mechanisms for telomere length maintenance in different stages of CML to refine the proposed model. Nonetheless, this model can be applied to other hematological malignancies, and a systematic search for ALT markers and telomerase expression level in tumors at different stages of their development can ensure greater effectiveness of any therapy targeting mechanisms maintaining telomere lengths.
5. Telomeric Nuclear Organization
The alteration of telomeric nuclear organization has been reported in many cancers [28,31,32,86,87]. However, only two studies have explored telomeric nuclear organization in CML. The first study was done on twelve patients at their diagnosis (CP) and revealed an alteration of telomeric nuclear organization, marked by high number of telomeric aggregates (TAs) as well as changes in telomeric position . This study clearly indicated that an alteration of telomeric nuclear organization could occur at an early clinical phase of a malignancy, as previously hypothesized . Most notably, in this study, patients were categorized into two groups according to the number of TAs: patients with normal number of TAs and patients presenting four times normal level of TAs. However, this study failed to evaluate the clinical values of this high number of TAs because of lack of some clinical information . Nevertheless, an increase number of TAs in CP might be a surrogate for therapeutic response, as shown in Hodgkin lymphoma or might present prognostic values, as reported in glioblastoma . In addition, high number of TAs has been associated with genomic instability , and their presence at the CP might be a determinant progression factor from the CP to the AP. A recent study, which had followed eighteen CML patients throughout the three clinical phases by comparing the number of TAs in leukemic cells, has strengthened this hypothesis. This study revealed that the number of TAs increases when patients progress from the CP to the AP and from the AP to the BC . In sum, telomeric nuclear organization might be a predictor for CML progression; most importantly, this malignancy can be used as a model to study mechanisms governing the alteration of telomeric nuclear organization during tumorigenesis.
Besides the presence of telomeric aggregates, it has been shown that telomeres in some CML cells can be either more centrally or peripherally located when they were compared to those of normal cells . Differential positioning of telomeres in CML cells might be a consequence of nuclear remodeling. Human telomeres are attached to nuclear scaffold , which is composed of nuclear lamina and intra nuclear scaffold. Loss of Lamina A, a component of the nuclear lamina, led to nuclear peripheral location of telomeres, telomere shortening, loss of telomeric chromatin marks, high frequency of chromosome breakage, and chromosome end to end fusion . Alternatively, change in telomere positioning can lead to nuclear remodeling. Clustering of short telomeres has been involved in the formation of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges, and nuclear buds . Some evidence suggests that telomere positioning is one of the determinant factors governing chromosome territory [29,91,92,93] whose disruption can affect gene expression , generate chromosomal abnormalities and disrupt cell function . Moreover, telomeres occupy microterritories throughout the cell cycle, forming groups of telomeres that have peripheral location. Neighboring organization of telomeres favors nuclear organization of chromosomes and their recombination [93,96]. These data raise the possibility that differential positioning of telomeres in CML might be one of the factors involved in gene expression, chromosomal abnormalities, and genomic instability. The advent of high resolution imaging such as the 3D-SIM can help to enhance our understanding on the interplay between the telomeric nuclear organization and nuclear structures during CML evolution.
Data on telomere lengths, their maintenance mechanisms, and telomeric nuclear organization have provided great insight on the impact of telomere disruption in CML. The concept of telomere shortening, being a feature of CML cells, when average length is only considered has been challenged by the lengthening of some individual telomeres which could possibly be associated with clonal selection. Moreover, the dynamic fluctuation of individual telomere lengths and the presence of C-telomeric circles in telomerase negative cells have provided insight on the involvement of ALT for telomere length maintenance in CML cells. ALT might act on the early stage of leukemogenesis, and telomerase might progressively take over telomere length maintenance by jointly carrying out it with ALT or alone. This model might be applied to other hematological malignancies, specifically those of myeloid lineage.
Although efficacious treatments are available for CML patients, new therapeutic resistances are emerging, and anti-telomerase drugs have been a promising therapeutic approach against resistant leukemic cells . However, this anti-telomerase strategy can be hampered by resistant clones which use ALT mechanism. New therapeutic approaches should consider both anti-telomerase and anti-ATL strategies to better target mechanisms of telomere length maintenance in CML and probably in other hematological malignancies.
The nuclear organization of telomeres is likely to predict genomic instability and clinical progression in CML. The emergence of automated and high-resolution microscopies [28,33] would make more efficient and more accurate the study of telomeric nuclear organization and deepen our understanding on the cross talk between telomeres and nuclear structures. Further studies should be undertaking by using CML as a disease model to better understand molecular mechanisms underlying dynamic changes of individual telomere lengths and remodeling of telomeric nuclear organization during oncogenesis.
Oumar Samassekou is a recipient of the Canadian HOPE postdoctoral fellowship from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. O.S. is a postdoctoral research fellow at Sabine Mai’s lab at Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflict of interest.
- De Lange, T. How telomeres solve the end-protection problem. Science 2009, 326, 948–952. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samassekou, O.; Gadji, M.; Drouin, R.; Yan, J. Sizing the ends: Normal length of human telomeres. Ann. Anat. 2010, 192, 284–291. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Harley, C.B.; Futcher, A.B.; Greider, C.W. Telomeres shorten during ageing of human fibroblasts. Nature 1990, 345, 458–460. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vaziri, H.; Schachter, F.; Uchida, I.; Wei, L.; Zhu, X.; Effros, R.; Cohen, D.; Harley, C.B. Loss of telomeric DNA during aging of normal and trisomy 21 human lymphocytes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 1993, 52, 661–667. [Google Scholar]
- Vaziri, H.; Dragowska, W.; Allsopp, R.C.; Thomas, T.E.; Harley, C.B.; Lansdorp, P.M. Evidence for a mitotic clock in human hematopoietic stem cells: Loss of telomeric DNA with age. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 9857–9860. [Google Scholar]
- Greider, C.W.; Blackburn, E.H. Identification of a specific telomere terminal transferase activity in tetrahymena extracts. Cell 1985, 43, 405–413. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Greider, C.W.; Blackburn, E.H. The telomere terminal transferase of tetrahymena is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme with two kinds of primer specificity. Cell 1987, 51, 887–898. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hemann, M.T.; Strong, M.A.; Hao, L.Y.; Greider, C.W. The shortest telomere, not average telomere length, is critical for cell viability and chromosome stability. Cell 2001, 107, 67–77. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Abdallah, P.; Luciano, P.; Runge, K.W.; Lisby, M.; Geli, V.; Gilson, E.; Teixeira, M.T. A two-step model for senescence triggered by a single critically short telomere. Nat. Cell Biol. 2009, 11, 988–993. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Di Fagagna, F.; Reaper, P.M.; Clay-Farrace, L.; Fiegler, H.; Carr, P.; Von Zglinicki, T.; Saretzki, G.; Carter, N.P.; Jackson, S.P. A DNA damage checkpoint response in telomere-initiated senescence. Nature 2003, 426, 194–198. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ouellette, M.M.; Liao, M.; Herbert, B.S.; Johnson, M.; Holt, S.E. Subsenescent telomere lengths in fibroblasts immortalized by limiting amounts of telomerase. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 10072–10076. [Google Scholar]
- Bodnar, A.G.; Ouellette, M.; Frolkis, M.; Holt, S.E.; Chiu, C.P. Extension of life-span by introduction of telomerase into normal human cells. Science 1998, 279, 349–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bryan, T.M.; Englezou, A.; Dalla-Pozza, L.; Dunham, M.A.; Reddel, R.R. Evidence for an alternative mechanism for maintaining telomere length in human tumors and tumor-derived cell lines. Nat. Med. 1997, 3, 1271–1274. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Henson, J.D.; Cao, Y.; Huschtscha, L.I.; Chang, A.C.; Au, A.Y.; Pickett, H.A.; Reddel, R.R. DNA C-circles are specific and quantifiable markers of alternative-lengthening-of-telomeres activity. Nat. Biotechnol. 2009, 27, 1181–1185. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bryan, T.M.; Englezou, A.; Gupta, J.; Bacchetti, S.; Reddel, R.R. Telomere elongation in immortal human cells without detectable telomerase activity. EMBO J. 1995, 14, 4240–4248. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, G.; Lee, W.H.; Chen, P.L. NBS1 and TRF1 colocalize at promyelocytic leukemia bodies during late S/G2 phases in immortalized telomerase-negative cells. Implication of NBS1 in alternative lengthening of telomeres. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 30618–30622. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yeager, T.R.; Neumann, A.A.; Englezou, A.; Huschtscha, L.I.; Noble, J.R.; Reddel, R.R. Telomerase-negative immortalized human cells contain a novel type of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) body. Cancer Res. 1999, 59, 4175–4179. [Google Scholar]
- Muntoni, A.; Neumann, A.A.; Hills, M.; Reddel, R.R. Telomere elongation involves intra-molecular DNA replication in cells utilizing alternative lengthening of telomeres. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2009, 18, 1017–1027. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, R.C.; Smogorzewska, A.; de Lange, T. Homologous recombination generates T-loop-sized deletions at human telomeres. Cell 2004, 119, 355–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Henson, J.D.; Reddel, R.R. Assaying and investigating alternative lengthening of telomeres activity in human cells and cancers. FEBS Lett. 2010, 584, 3800–3811. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cesare, A.J.; Kaul, Z.; Cohen, S.B.; Napier, C.E.; Pickett, H.A.; Neumann, A.A.; Reddel, R.R. Spontaneous occurrence of telomeric DNA damage response in the absence of chromosome fusions. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2009, 16, 1244–1251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bailey, S.M.; Brenneman, M.A.; Goodwin, E.H. Frequent recombination in telomeric DNA may extend the proliferative life of telomerase-negative cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32, 3743–3751. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Londono-Vallejo, J.A.; Der-Sarkissian, H.; Cazes, L.; Bacchetti, S.; Reddel, R.R. Alternative lengthening of telomeres is characterized by high rates of telomeric exchange. Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 2324–2327. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Svenson, U.; Roos, G. Telomere length as a biological marker in malignancy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2009, 1792, 317–323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Avigad, S.; Naumov, I.; Ohali, A.; Jeison, M.; Berco, G.H.; Mardoukh, J.; Stark, B.; Ash, S.; Cohen, I.J.; Meller, I.; et al. Short telomeres: A novel potential predictor of relapse in ewing sarcoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13, 5777–5783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Heaphy, C.M.; Baumgartner, K.B.; Bisoffi, M.; Baumgartner, R.N.; Griffith, J.K. Telomere DNA content predicts breast cancer-free survival interval. Clin. Cancer Res. 2007, 13, 7037–7043. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fordyce, C.A.; Heaphy, C.M.; Joste, N.E.; Smith, A.Y.; Hunt, W.C.; Griffith, J.K. Association between cancer-free survival and telomere DNA content in prostate tumors. J. Urol. 2005, 173, 610–614. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mai, S. Initiation of telomere-mediated chromosomal rearrangements in cancer. J. Cell. Biochem. 2010, 109, 1095–1102. [Google Scholar]
- Louis, S.F.; Vermolen, B.J.; Garini, Y.; Young, I.T.; Guffei, A.; Lichtensztejn, Z.; Kuttler, F.; Chuang, T.C.; Moshir, S.; Mougey, V.; et al. C-Myc induces chromosomal rearrangements through telomere and chromosome remodeling in the interphase nucleus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2005, 102, 9613–9618. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knecht, H.; Bruderlein, S.; Mai, S.; Moller, P.; Sawan, B. 3D structural and functional characterization of the transition from hodgkin to reed-sternberg cells. Ann. Anat. 2010, 192, 302–308. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gadji, M.; Fortin, D.; Tsanaclis, A.M.; Garini, Y.; Katzir, N.; Wienburg, Y.; Yan, J.; Klewes, L.; Klonisch, T.; Drouin, R.; et al. Three-dimensional nuclear telomere architecture is associated with differential time to progression and overall survival in glioblastoma patients. Neoplasia 2010, 12, 183–191. [Google Scholar]
- Gadji, M.; Awe, J.A.; Rodrigues, P.; Kumar, R.; Houston, D.S.; Klewes, L.; Dieye, T.N.; Rego, E.M.; Passetto, R.F.; de Oliveira, F.M.; et al. Profiling three-dimensional nuclear telomeric architecture of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia defines patient subgroups. Clin. Cancer Res. 2012, 18, 3293–3304. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klewes, L.; Hobsch, C.; Katzir, N.; Rourke, D.; Garini, Y.; Mai, S. Novel automated three-dimensional genome scanning based on the nuclear architecture of telomeres. Cytometry A 2011, 79, 159–166. [Google Scholar]
- Vermolen, B.J.; Garini, Y.; Mai, S.; Mougey, V.; Fest, T.; Chuang, T.C.; Chuang, A.Y.; Wark, L.; Young, I.T. Characterizing the three-dimensional organization of telomeres. Cytometry A 2005, 67, 144–150. [Google Scholar]
- Mai, S.; Garini, Y. The significance of telomeric aggregates in the interphase nuclei of tumor cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 2006, 97, 904–915. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lamm, S.H.; Engel, A.; Joshi, K.P.; Byrd, D.M., 3rd.; Chen, R. Chronic myelogenous leukemia and benzene exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the case-control literature. Chem. Biol. Interact. 2009, 182, 93–97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lichtman, M.A. Is there an entity of chemically induced BCR-ABL-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia? Oncologist 2008, 13, 645–654. [Google Scholar]
- Perrotti, D.; Jamieson, C.; Goldman, J.; Skorski, T. Chronic myeloid leukemia: Mechanisms of blastic transformation. J. Clin. Invest. 2010, 120, 2254–2264. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Druker, B.J. Translation of the philadelphia chromosome into therapy for CML. Blood 2008, 112, 4808–4817. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rowley, J.D. Letter: A new consistent chromosomal abnormality in chronic myelogenous leukaemia identified by quinacrine fluorescence and giemsa staining. Nature 1973, 243, 290–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Stone, J.; de Lange, T.; Ramsay, G.; Jakobovits, E.; Bishop, J.M.; Varmus, H.; Lee, W. Definition of regions in human C-Myc that are Involved in transformation and nuclear localization. Mol. Cell Biol. 1987, 7, 1697–1709. [Google Scholar]
- Quintas-Cardama, A.; Cortes, J. Molecular biology of BCR-ABL1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 2009, 113, 1619–1630. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitelman, F.; Levan, G.; Nilsson, P.G.; Brandt, L. Non-random karyotypic evolution in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int. J. Cancer 1976, 18, 24–30. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawler, S.D.; O’Malley, F.; Lobb, D.S. Chromosome banding studies in philadelphia chromosome positive myeloid leukaemia. Scand. J. Haematol. 1976, 17, 17–28. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oehler, V.G.; Yeung, K.Y.; Choi, Y.E.; Bumgarner, R.E.; Raftery, A.E.; Radich, J.P. The derivation of diagnostic markers of chronic myeloid leukemia progression from microarray data. Blood 2009, 114, 3292–3298. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samassekou, O.; Ntwari, A.; Hebert, J.; Yan, J. Individual telomere lengths in chronic myeloid leukemia. Neoplasia 2009, 11, 1146–1154. [Google Scholar]
- Brummendorf, T.H.; Holyoake, T.L.; Rufer, N.; Barnett, M.J.; Schulzer, M.; Eaves, C.J.; Eaves, A.C.; Lansdorp, P.M. Prognostic implications of differences in telomere length between normal and malignant cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia measured by flow cytometry. Blood 2000, 95, 1883–1890. [Google Scholar]
- Brummendorf, T.H.; Ersoz, I.; Hartmann, U.; Bartolovic, K.; Balabanov, S.; Wahl, A.; Paschka, P.; Kreil, S.; Lahaye, T.; Berger, U.; et al. Telomere length in peripheral blood granulocytes reflects response to treatment with imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Blood 2003, 101, 375–376. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Drummond, M.; Lennard, A.; Brummendorf, T.; Holyoake, T. Telomere shortening correlates with prognostic score at diagnosis and proceeds rapidly during progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma 2004, 45, 1775–1781. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Boultwood, J.; Fidler, C.; Shepherd, P.; Watkins, F.; Snowball, J.; Haynes, S.; Kusec, R.; Gaiger, A.; Littlewood, T.J.; Peniket, A.J.; et al. Telomere length shortening is associated with disease evolution in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am. J. Hematol. 1999, 61, 5–9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Keller, G.; Brassat, U.; Braig, M.; Heim, D.; Wege, H.; Brummendorf, T.H. Telomeres and telomerase in chronic myeloid leukaemia: impact for pathogenesis, disease progression and targeted therapy. Hematol. Oncol. 2009, 27, 123–129. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sattler, M.; Verma, S.; Shrikhande, G.; Byrne, C.H.; Pride, Y.B.; Winkler, T.; Greenfield, E.A.; Salgia, R.; Griffin, J.D. The BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase induces production of reactive oxygen species in hematopoietic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 24273–24278. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Campbell, L.J.; Fidler, C.; Eagleton, H.; Peniket, A.; Kusec, R.; Gal, S.; Littlewood, T.J.; Wainscoat, J.S.; Boultwood, J. hTERT, the catalytic component of telomerase, is downregulated in the haematopoietic stem cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2006, 20, 671–679. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lobetti-Bodoni, C.; Ferrero, D.; Genuardi, E.; Passera, R.; Bernocco, E.; Sia, D.; Grignani, G.; Crisa, E.; Monitillo, L.; Rocci, A.; et al. Telomere loss in philadelphia-negative hematopoiesis after successful treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia: Evidence for premature aging of the myeloid compartment. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2012, 133, 479–488. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samassekou, O.; Li, H.; Hébert, J.; Ntwari, A.; Wang, H.; Cliche, C.G.; Bouchard, E.; Huang, S.; Yan, J. Chromosome-arm-specific long telomeres: A New clonal event in primary chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Neoplasia 2011, 13, 550–560. [Google Scholar]
- Martens, U.M.; Zijlmans, J.M.; Poon, S.S.; Dragowska, W.; Yui, J.; Chavez, E.A.; Ward, R.K.; Lansdorp, P.M. Short telomeres on human chromosome 17p. Nat. Genet. 1998, 18, 76–80. [Google Scholar]
- Perner, S.; Bruderlein, S.; Hasel, C.; Waibel, I.; Holdenried, A.; Ciloglu, N.; Chopurian, H.; Nielsen, K.V.; Plesch, A.; Hogel, J.; et al. Quantifying telomere lengths of human individual chromosome arms by centromere-calibrated fluorescence in situ hybridization and digital imaging. Am. J. Pathol. 2003, 163, 1751–1756. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mitelman, F. The cytogenetic scenario of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma 1993, 11, 11–15. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Krejci, K.; Stentoft, J.; Koch, J. Molecular cytogenetics investigation of the telomeres in a case of philadelphia positive B-all with a single telomere expansion. Neoplasia 1999, 1, 492–497. [Google Scholar]
- Baur, J.A.; Zou, Y.; Shay, J.W.; Wright, W.E. Telomere position effect in human cells. Science 2001, 292, 2075–2077. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Koering, C.E.; Pollice, A.; Zibella, M.P.; Bauwens, S.; Puisieux, A.; Brunori, M.; Brun, C.; Martins, L.; Sabatier, L.; Pulitzer, J.F.; et al. Human telomeric position effect is determined by chromosomal context and telomeric chromatin integrity. EMBO Rep. 2002, 3, 1055–1061. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Samassekou, O.; Malina, A.; Hebert, J.; Yan, J. Presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres associated circular extrachromosome telomere repeats in primary leukemia cells of chronic myeloid leukemia. J. Hematol. Oncol. 2013. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Broccoli, D.; Smogorzewska, A.; Chong, L.; de Lange, T. Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. Nat. Genet. 1997, 17, 231–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ohyashiki, K.; Ohyashiki, J.H.; Iwama, H.; Hayashi, S.; Shay, J.W.; Toyama, K. Telomerase activity and cytogenetic changes in chronic myeloid leukemia with disease progression. Leukemia 1997, 11, 190–194. [Google Scholar]
- Engelhardt, M.; Mackenzie, K.; Drullinsky, P.; Silver, R.T.; Moore, M.A. Telomerase activity and telomere length in acute and chronic leukemia, pre- and post-ex vivo culture. Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 610–617. [Google Scholar]
- Ohyashiki, K.; Iwama, H.; Tauchi, T.; Shimamoto, T.; Hayashi, S.; Ando, K.; Kawakubo, K.; Ohyashiki, J.H. Telomere dynamics and genetic instability in disease progression of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leuk. Lymphoma 2000, 40, 49–56. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Uziel, O.; Fenig, E.; Nordenberg, J.; Beery, E.; Reshef, H.; Sandbank, J.; Birenbaum, M.; Bakhanashvili, M.; Yerushalmi, R.; Luria, D.; et al. Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) downregulates telomerase activity and inhibits proliferation in telomerase-expressing cell lines. Br. J. Cancer 2005, 92, 1881–1891. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yamada, O.; Kawauchi, K.; Akiyama, M.; Ozaki, K.; Motoji, T.; Adachi, T.; Aikawa, E. Leukemic cells with increased telomerase activity exhibit resistance to imatinib. Leuk. Lymphoma 2008, 49, 1168–1177. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deville, L.; Hillion, J.; Pendino, F.; Samy, M.; Nguyen, E.; Segal-Bendirdjian, E. hTERT promotes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: Therapeutic implications. Mol. Cancer Ther. 2011, 10, 711–719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chai, J.H.; Zhang, Y.; Tan, W.H.; Chng, W.J.; Li, B.; Wang, X. Regulation of hTERT by BCR-ABL at multiple levels in K562 cells. BMC Cancer 2011. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuan, Z.; Mei, H.D. Inhibition of telomerase activity with hTERT Antisense increases the effect of CDDP-induced apoptosis in myeloid leukemia. Hematol. J. 2002, 3, 201–205. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lau, L.M.; Dagg, R.A.; Henson, J.D.; Au, A.Y.; Royds, J.A.; Reddel, R.R. Detection of alternative lengthening of telomeres by telomere quantitative PCR. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013, 41, e34. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cesare, A.J.; Griffith, J.D. Telomeric DNA in ALT cells is characterized by free telomeric circles and heterogeneous T-loops. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004, 24, 9948–9957. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pickett, H.A.; Cesare, A.J.; Johnston, R.L.; Neumann, A.A.; Reddel, R.R. Control of telomere length by a trimming mechanism that involves generation of T-circles. EMBO J. 2009, 28, 799–809. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fasching, C.L.; Neumann, A.A.; Muntoni, A.; Yeager, T.R.; Reddel, R.R. DNA damage induces alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies that preferentially associate with linear telomeric DNA. Cancer Res. 2007, 67, 7072–7077. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Morrish, T.A.; Greider, C.W. Short telomeres initiate telomere recombination in primary and tumor cells. PLoS Genet. 2009, 5, e1000357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Neumann, A.A.; Watson, C.M.; Noble, J.R.; Pickett, H.A.; Tam, P.P.; Reddel, R.R. Alternative lengthening of telomeres in normal mammalian somatic cells. Genes Dev. 2013, 27, 18–23. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Chen, Q.; Ijpma, A.; Greider, C.W. Two survivor pathways that allow growth in the absence of telomerase are generated by distinct telomere recombination events. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21, 1819–1827. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gonzalo, S.; Jaco, I.; Fraga, M.F.; Chen, T.; Li, E.; Esteller, M.; Blasco, M.A. DNA methyltransferases control telomere length and telomere recombination in mammalian cells. Nat. Cell Biol. 2006, 8, 416–424. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia-Cao, M.; O’Sullivan, R.; Peters, A.H.; Jenuwein, T.; Blasco, M.A. Epigenetic regulation of telomere length in mammalian cells by the Suv39h1 and Suv39h2 histone methyltransferases. Nat. Genet. 2004, 36, 94–99. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benetti, R.; Garcia-Cao, M.; Blasco, M.A. Telomere length regulates the epigenetic status of mammalian telomeres and subtelomeres. Nat. Genet. 2007, 39, 243–250. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Benetti, R.; Gonzalo, S.; Jaco, I.; Schotta, G.; Klatt, P.; Jenuwein, T.; Blasco, M.A. Suv4-20h deficiency results in telomere elongation and derepression of telomere recombination. J. Cell Biol. 2007, 178, 925–936. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Broccoli, D.; Young, J.W.; de Lange, T. Telomerase activity in normal and malignant hematopoietic cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1995, 92, 9082–9086. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cerone, M.A.; Autexier, C.; Londono-Vallejo, J.A.; Bacchetti, S. A human cell line that maintains telomeres in the absence of telomerase and of key markers of ALT. Oncogene 2005, 24, 7893–7901. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gocha, A.R.; Nuovo, G.; Iwenofu, O.H.; Groden, J. Human sarcomas are mosaic for telomerase-dependent and telomerase-independent telomere maintenance mechanisms: Implications for telomere-based therapies. Am. J. Pathol. 2013, 182, 41–48. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Knecht, H.; Kongruttanachok, N.; Sawan, B.; Brossard, J.; Prevost, S.; Turcotte, E.; Lichtensztejn, Z.; Lichtensztejn, D.; Mai, S. Three-dimensional telomere signatures of hodgkin- and reed-sternberg cells at diagnosis identify patients with poor response to conventional chemotherapy. Transl. Oncol. 2012, 5, 269–277. [Google Scholar]
- Samassekou, O.; Hebert, J.; Mai, S.; Yan, J. Nuclear remodeling of telomeres in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013, 52, 495–502. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oliveira, F.M.; Gadji, M.; Simões, B.P.; Rego, E.M.; Falcão, R.P.; Mai, S. Three-dimensional nuclear telomeric organization (3D) of chronic myeloid leukemia patients (CML) predicts accelerated phase and blast crisis. In Proceedings of the Ninth AACR-Japanese Cancer Association Joint Conference: Breakthroughs in Basic and Translational Cancer Research, Maui, Hawaii, HI, USA, 21–25 February 2012; p. 47.
- De Lange, T. Human telomeres are attached to the nuclear matrix. EMBO J. 1992, 11, 717–724. [Google Scholar]
- Gonzalez-Suarez, I.; Redwood, A.B.; Perkins, S.M.; Vermolen, B.; Lichtensztejin, D.; Grotsky, D.A.; Morgado-Palacin, L.; Gapud, E.J.; Sleckman, B.P.; Sullivan, T.; et al. Novel roles for A-type lamins in telomere biology and the DNA damage response pathway. EMBO J. 2009, 28, 2414–2427. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pampalona, J.; Soler, D.; Genesca, A.; Tusell, L. Telomere dysfunction and chromosome structure modulate the contribution of individual chromosomes in abnormal nuclear morphologies. Mutat. Res. 2010, 683, 16–22. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pandita, T.K.; Hunt, C.R.; Sharma, G.G.; Yang, Q. Regulation of telomere movement by telomere chromatin structure. Cell Mol. Life Sci. 2007, 64, 131–138. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ramirez, M.J.; Surralles, J. Laser confocal microscopy analysis of human interphase nuclei by three-dimensional fish reveals dynamic perinucleolar clustering of telomeres. Cytogenet. Genome Res. 2008, 122, 237–242. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Marella, N.V.; Seifert, B.; Nagarajan, P.; Sinha, S.; Berezney, R. Chromosomal rearrangements during human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 2009, 221, 139–146. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Solovei, I.; Kreysing, M.; Lanctot, C.; Kosem, S.; Peichl, L.; Cremer, T.; Guck, J.; Joffe, B. Nuclear architecture of rod photoreceptor cells adapts to vision in mammalian evolution. Cell 2009, 137, 356–368. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- De Vos, W.H.; Hoebe, R.A.; Joss, G.H.; Haffmans, W.; Baatout, S.; van Oostveldt, P.; Manders, E.M. Controlled light exposure microscopy reveals dynamic telomere microterritories throughout the cell cycle. Cytometry A 2009, 75, 428–439. [Google Scholar]
- Schermelleh, L.; Carlton, P.M.; Haase, S.; Shao, L.; Winoto, L.; Kner, P.; Burke, B.; Cardoso, M.C.; Agard, D.A.; Gustafsson, M.G.; et al. Subdiffraction multicolor imaging of the nuclear periphery with 3D structured illumination microscopy. Science 2008, 320, 1332–1336. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
© 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
|
<urn:uuid:b9a7b36c-2ba7-439f-bd70-b0d828ce0aea>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/5/3/1086/htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00209-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.809937
| 14,058
| 2.5625
| 3
|
The American Bladesmith Society was founded to promote the art and science of the forged blade. It provides resources for bladesmithing students, as well as a rating system for smiths and standardized testing for the achievement of those ratings.
The earned ratings are Journeyman Smith and Master Smith. There is also an Apprentice Smith rating, but it serves as a starting point and is not earned.
The test for each rating is divided into two major parts: performance and presentation. The performance test assesses the candidate’s ability to create one blade capable of meeting or exceeding an established set of physical performance standards.
The presentation test measures the candidate’s ability to make five knives that meet a set of standards based on fit, finish, and practical as well as aesthetic design. These knives must also be fully functional, but are not tested in the same ways as the performance blade is.
All knives must be forged.
My Performance Test
This past winter, I took and passed the performance part of my Journeyman Smith test, and I recorded the test so that I could share it with my fellow kobolds.
As far as making the knife, we’ve already talked about all the steps and components that go into a blade that can stand up to this test. We talked about heat treating steel in The Mystery of Steel—Magic and Magnetism, blade geometry in Edge Geometry, properties of various steel alloys in Steel Types and Properties, and hamon and differential hardening in The Katana.
What the Test Covers
Officially, from the ABS site, but I edited for brevity:
- ROPE CUTTING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO TEST THE EDGE GEOMETRY AND SHARPNESS. The applicant must cleanly cut a 1” diameter, free hanging, manila or hemp rope.
- WOOD CHOPPING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO DEMONSTRATE EDGE TOUGHNESS. The applicant must cut through a construction grade 2×4, twice, and the edge must not deform, roll, or flatten.
- SHAVING HAIR: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO DEMONSTRATE EDGE RETENTION. The applicant must shave hair using the section of the blade that was most frequently used in the cutting and chopping portions of the test.
- BENDING: THE PURPOSE OF THIS TEST IS TO SHOW THAT THE APPLICANT IS ABLE TO HEAT TREAT A KNIFE WITH A SOFT BACK AND A HARD EDGE. The knife is placed in a vise approximately 1/3 of the blade length from the tip. The blade must then be bent to 90° without cracking more than 1/3 the width of the blade. The blade may not chip and the tang may not break off. The blade may take a set (a bend that does not spring back).
The Presentation Test Knives
After passing the performance test, the applicant has three years to present the knives to be judged for the presentation part of the test.
For the Journeyman rating, the workmanship of the knives is to be of “very good to excellent” quality. It’s somewhat subjective, but essentially the surface finish needs to be uniform and free of scratches (they don’t need to be a mirror finish, but there must be only the intended, unidirectional scratch pattern, with no errant scratches), and all the parts should fit together neatly and without gaps. All parts must be attached at the correct angles (i.e., the guard may not slope from side to side), and the knife must feel comfortable in the hand and be pleasing to the eye.
My Presentation Knives
I intended to present my knives on 06/05/15 at the Blade Show in Atlanta, but for a variety of reasons I decided to wait until next year. The good thing about that is that I now have a second opportunity to document the process, and share it here.
How This Applies to Gaming
In my opinion, a knife of Journeyman quality equates in various gaming systems to a “masterwork” blade; it is born of superior, tested workmanship and made from high-quality materials. A small utility knife of this quality takes a skilled maker 20-25 hours to complete. A large fighting knife may take 40-60 hours. A sword may take hundreds.
I hope you can take this information and use it to better understand the value of well-made edged weapons and tools in your game (and in real life, for that matter). Perhaps a particular sword isn’t so easy to sunder, or perhaps it is better at sundering. “Keen” can be due to physical properties, rather than an enchantment. A poignard may have an especially acute point, perhaps a “blade of piercing.” You’re gamers—you know where I’m going with this.
Here’s the YouTube video for further information!
|
<urn:uuid:5e32d10e-7708-4be0-9aa1-bec2f7e9534a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://koboldpress.com/real-steel-abs-journeyman-smith-performance-test/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00669.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932099
| 1,043
| 1.945313
| 2
|
State Representatives Give Nod To Tax System Overhaul
A measure that would revamp Missouri's tax system -- slashing the state's personal and corporate income tax in favor of an across-the-board sales tax -- made a significant step in advancing through the Legislature on Thursday, April 16.
The resolution, which would increase the state's sales tax from 4.225 percent to 5.11 percent, won final approval in the Missouri House and now moves to the state Senate for
consideration. If approved there, it would be put to Missouri voters in November 2010.
In addition to removing income tax requirements, the resolution would remove certain sales tax exemptions on purchases such as groceries and various medical services.
Supporters say it would spur job growth while thwarting the attempts of those who try to evade paying income tax. It would also force illegals who don't pay income taxes to pay a standardized tax on consumption, the sponsor of the proposal, Rep. Ed Emery, R-Lamar, said Thursday.
Opponents question whether low-income Missourians would be unduly affected by the proposal. According to a report by the Columbia Missourian, Democratic representative Jeanette Oxford, in debate Wednesday, April 15, said low-income residents spend a higher proportion of their income on items subject to sales tax.
And Rep. Roman Lee LeBlanc, D-Jackson County, said the measure would effectively double-tax the elderly in the state.
"They pay income tax on the money they have saved up all their lives in a nest egg," LeBlanc said. "Now you
want to go and put a tax on products and services that they were currently not paying taxes on."
In a separate bill Wednesday, Missouri representatives gave first-round approval to a bill that would offer a sales tax exemption during much of the month of July.
A summary of this proposal can be viewed at
|
<urn:uuid:c6c69f18-0d69-4fd6-ba6d-f75a878c8dc5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://nemonews.net/2009/04/21/a-measure-that-would-revamp-missouris-tax-system-slashing-the-states-personal-and-corporate-income-tax-in-favor-of-an-across-the-board-sales-tax-made-a-significant-step-in-advancing-through/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973064
| 388
| 1.820313
| 2
|
Welfare Reform and Family Expenditures: How are Single Mothers Adapting to the New Welfare and Work Regime?
Neeraj Kaushal, Columbia University; Qin Gao, Fordham University; Jane Waldfogel, Columbia University
Download paper here.
We study the effect of welfare reform, broadly defined to include social policy changes in the 1990s, on the material well-being and consumption patterns of poor single-mother families using the Consumer Expenditure Surveys. We find that welfare reform did not have any statistically significant effect on total expenditures in households headed by low-educated (education high-school) single mothers. However, patterns of expenditure did change. There is strong evidence that the policy change was associated with an increase in spending on transportation and food away from home, and some evidence of an increase in spending on adult clothing and footwear. Welfare reform was also associated with an increase in ownership of microwave ovens, phones and cars. These increases were higher, in absolute as well as relative terms, among families headed by very low educated (education < high-school) single mothers. In contrast, we find no statistically significant changes in expenditures on childcare or learning and enrichment activities, and, if anything, a relative decline in ownership of computers in low-educated, single mother households. This pattern of results suggests that welfare reform has shifted affected familiesí expenditures towards items that facilitate work outside the home, but, at least so far, has not allowed families to catch up in terms of their expenditures on learning and enrichment items.
Welfare Reform and the Administration of Welfare Programs
|
<urn:uuid:093036b9-40d3-4b03-9c25-b1ae9013d256>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://npc.umich.edu/publications/working_papers/?publication_id=71
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00339-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968251
| 322
| 1.875
| 2
|
Figure 10-2: Mean surface air temperature anomalies for the African continent, 1901-1998, expressed with respect to 1961-1990 average, annual and four seasons (DJF, MAM, JJA, SON). Smooth curves result from applying a 10-year Gaussian filter.
Paleoclimatology and paleoenvironmental changes in Africa have been reconstructed from several lines of sedimentary evidence, such as fossil strand lines, diatom and pollen analyses, evidence of glaciation and fossil moraines on high mountains, sediment lithology, geochemistry and biogeochemistry, and so forth. Most records do not extend beyond 30,000 years before the present (BP), but they capture the climatic extremes of the last glacial-interglacial cyclethe last glacial maximum (22,000 to 14,000 years BP) through to the Holocene period (10,000 years BP to present) (Olago, 2001).
Temperatures during the last glacial maximum are estimated to have been 4-7°C lower than today, and they were coupled with intensive aridity and regression of lakes throughout the African continent, resulting from reduced precipitation as a consequence of weaker monsoons, stronger dry trade winds, and lowered SST (Coetzee, 1967; Flenley, 1979; COHMAP Members, 1988; Bonnefille et al., 1990; Vincens et al., 1993). Highland vegetation was depressed to significantly lower altitudes relative to today, and mountain glaciers were at their maximum extent. Grasslands were more widespread, lowland forests became fragmented, and subtropical desert margins advanced latitudinally by 300-700 km relative to their present positions (Flohn and Nicholson, 1980).
During the Holocene period of the past 10,000 years there was a "warm" climatic optimum roughly 5,000 years ago. At that time, more humid conditions generally were widespread, and deserts were markedly contracted. Lakes existed even in parts of the central Sahara. The current state of climate was reached roughly 3,000 years ago.
Observational records show that the continent of Africa is warmer than it was 100 years ago (IPCC,1996). Warming through the 20th century has been at the rate of about 0.05°C per decade (see Figure 10-2), with slightly larger warming in the June, July, August (JJA) and September-November seasons than in December, January, February (DJF) and March-May (Hulme et al., 2001). The 5 warmest years in Africa have all occurred since 1988, with 1988 and 1995 the two warmest years. This rate of warming is not dissimilar to that experienced globally, and the periods of most rapid warmingthe 1910s to 1930s and the post-1970soccur simultaneously in Africa and the world.
The climate of Africa has experienced wetter and drier intervals during the past 2 centuries. The most pronounced periods were during the 20th century. A very intense dry period, much like the current one, also prevailed for 2 to 3 decades during the first half of the 19th century. Humid conditions reminiscent of the 1950s prevailed around the 1870s or 1880s, but another milder arid interval of roughly 20 years commenced around 1895.
Other reports in this collection
|
<urn:uuid:f8424595-5b85-4a52-a691-e181cd4396df>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/381.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00373-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958847
| 684
| 3.90625
| 4
|
Join a stellar panel as we examine the past, present, and future of the AIDS epidemic. With the rate of HIV infection on the rise once more in New York, it’s a critical time to explore the past missteps and victories in the battle against HIV and AIDS. We’ll also look ahead to the future and evaluate the most promising opportunities for breakthroughs. The World Science Festival brings this esteemed ensemble of experts together to challenge one another, collaborate, and craft their shared vision of an AIDS-free future. The program also includes a special advance preview of the New-York Historical Society’s fascinating new exhibit, AIDS in New York: The First Five Years, which opens to the public June 7.
To purchase tickets for this program, visit worldsciencefestival.com/events
|
<urn:uuid:323b6dae-399b-4a4f-bdd8-771bc6c93402>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.nyhistory.org/programs/ending-epidemic-science-advances-aids
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00439-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900318
| 164
| 2.0625
| 2
|
Today is Saturday, Feb. 23, the 54th day of 2002. There are 311 days left in the year.
Today's Highlight in History:
In 1945, during World War II, U.S. Marines on Iwo Jima captured Mount Suribachi, where they raised the American flag.
On this date:
In 1822, Boston was granted a charter to incorporate as a city.
In 1836, the siege of the Alamo began in San Antonio, Texas.
In 1847, U.S. troops under Gen. Zachary Taylor defeated Mexican Gen. Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista in Mexico.
In 1861, President-elect Lincoln arrived secretly in Washington to take office, an assassination plot having been foiled in Baltimore.
In 1870, Mississippi was readmitted to the Union.
In 1954, the first mass inoculation of children against polio with the Salk vaccine began in Pittsburgh.
Ten years ago: The XVI Winter Olympic Games ended in Albertville, France. In Moscow, thousands of pro-communist demonstrators, some shouting, ''Down with the Russian government!,'' clashed with police. Paul Tsongas won a narrow victory over Jerry Brown in the Maine Democratic caucuses.
Five years ago: Scientists in Scotland announced they had succeeded in cloning an adult mammal, producing a lamb named ''Dolly.'' Ali Hassan Abu Kamal, a Palestinian teacher, opened fire on the 86th-floor observation deck of New York's Empire State Building, killing one person and wounding six others before shooting himself to death. In eastern India, nearly 200 people were killed when fire swept through a tent built for a religious festival.
One year ago: President Bush opened a two-day summit with British Prime Minister Tony Blair at Camp David. Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld ordered an indefinite moratorium on civilian visitors operating military equipment, a possible factor in the collision of a U.S. submarine collision with a Japanese fishing boat.
Today's Birthdays: Songwriter Bob Willis is 68. Actor Peter Fonda is 62. Singer-musician Johnny Winter is 58. Actress Patricia Richardson is 51. Rock musician Brad Whitford (Aerosmith) is 50. Singer Howard Jones is 47. Rock musician Michael Wilton (Queensryche) is 40. Actress Kristin Davis is 37. Rock musician Jeff Beres (Sister Hazel) is 31.
Published in the Athens Banner-Herald on Saturday, February 23, 2002.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us
|
<urn:uuid:a198022e-144f-425f-b5b5-37ad6ed27f99>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://onlineathens.com/stories/022302/ath_0223020008.shtml
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931465
| 519
| 1.664063
| 2
|
Stupid teenagers are the worst.
They truly understand next to nothing, yet they think they know everything. And annoyingly, you can’t convince them otherwise because they don’t even have the mental capability to understand the concept. Seriously. It’s hardcore science. Just like it’s impossible to teach a dog to talk due to their underdeveloped vocal cords, you can’t teach a teenager to understand their own fallibility or limitations due to their underdeveloped brains. It’s literally impossible to get through to the idiots.
Worst of all, they are old enough to engage in stupid, risky behavior, but not smart enough to fully understand the consequences. Their immature brains are not yet capable of avoiding risky behaviors because the brain systems that control basic cognitive and physical abilities develops way before the area that controls impulse and emotions. Whoopsie! Evolution really got that developmental pattern ass-backwards, didn’t it?
Or did it?
There’s been a lot of recent studies on the teenage brain. This is probably because the stupidity of teenagers seem downright fascinating at times, but regardless, a few theories have started to arise about why teenagers are dumber than a bag of hammers, and how this might actually be an evolutionary benefit.
One theory suggests (using some round-about logic that your average moronic teenager could never understand) that some “risk-taking among adolescents is evidence that they are trying out more adultlike roles. Having unsafe sex and driving too fast may be mistakes, but kids often have to experiment with limits in order to learn how to live within them. Which, in turn, is a sign of maturity.” So basically, it’s the mature ones who act the stupidest. And if the dunderheads survive their reckless youths, they will be all the better for it in the future. Well-adjusted even. Just don’t get in front of them if they are driving a car since “16,000 young people die each year from unintentional injuries.” Mostly in ridiculous car wrecks. On top of that, a slew of them become under-aged, unwed parents who are doomed to repeat the pattern of failsmanship. Apparently whoever’s left over seems well-adjusted by comparison, so that theory totally checks out.
Another, more plausible study suggests that a teenager’s stupidity could actually be an evolutionary benefit due to the fact that a teenager would never gather the courage to leave his childhood home and make a life of his own if his brain ware capable of understanding how dangerous the real world actually is. So for humans to continue to develop and thrive and evolve as a species, teenagers need to remain just stupid enough to take a few risky chances and to make a few bold moves before their brains can develop enough to make them realize how incredibly dim-witted, short-sighted, and crazy they have been acting for the last twenty five years.
So there you have it. Teenagers are stupid because it benefits the human race in the long haul. It’s survival of the mentally un-fittest. It doesn’t make them any less stupid or annoying, but still, you should probably thank them for being so bone-headed. And thank yourself, too. Because you were a stupid teenager once as well, but luckily you were just short of being stupid enough to recklessly kill yourself.
And if you’re reading this and thinking, “Not my kid. My kid ‘gets it’…” They don’t. They might be able to fake it in front of you, but if you could see inside their heads you’d be shocked at how little they actually understand. But the blindspot of a doting parent probably has some evolutionary benefit, too, so don’t sweat it too hard.
Stupid teenagers are effing awesome.
|
<urn:uuid:26d8e27e-5d66-40f8-8406-9219247265f9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://osmsauce.com/index.php/tag/morons/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00424-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961583
| 811
| 2.015625
| 2
|
The Airbus A380 is the largest and most advanced aircraft of its kind. It stands to reason that the parts that make up the A380 are also large and advanced. This forging from Alcoa Forgings and Extrusions is the smaller of the three large forgings we supply to the A380. This piece helps hold the landing gear onto the plane and is made with Alcoa’s proprietary 7085 alloy. The “baby” of the major forgings, this piece weighs 3,000 pounds. Fact: The A380 features more new Alcoa metallics and products than any other aircraft in Alcoa's 100-plus years of aerospace history. Our products are literally used from nose to tail, from the forward landing gear support structure to forgings for the horizontal and vertical stabilizers.
|
<urn:uuid:a3cb589d-11ec-4785-b5e7-794defcd5d0d>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://alcoa.typepad.com/alcoa_aerospace/2013/06/alcoa-helps-the-worlds-biggest-passenger-jet-get-off-the-ground.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00530-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.951284
| 170
| 1.640625
| 2
|
It has become a necessary norm to keep our abode and house environment attractive. People go through different ways to make their home the epitome of beauty. Some paint their walls, refurbish their furniture, add suitable flooring, or even create a good garden.
Amidst the quest of making the home attractive, some homeowners tend to underrate the essence of wall arts in the house. Wall arts can be the missing piece for making your home décor of great aesthetic value. They can do an excellent job of bringing the beauty of arts into your home.
Let’s check out some reasons why you should include wall arts in your home décor.
One of the most relevant and essential functions of wall arts is beautification. Wall arts can be a source of beauty for your home, especially when optimally used. Add your preferred wall art to your home to give your home a taste of beauty.
When using wall arts for beautifying your home, you should make sure you tick all boxes of requirements. You have to consider the color, theme, and size of wall arts to perfect your home décor. If you have other decorative accessories, you should consider them when choosing wall art for your home beauty.
One way to make your home décor unique is by adding your personality to it. Adding personality is one of the numerous functions of wall arts. You can bring a bit of yourself to your home décor while using the right wall arts.
Wall arts come in different themes, styles, and colors. You can choose the type of wall art to use depending on your preferences. If you were a basketball fan, you could have wall arts of basketball players in your home. You could also create basketball scenery through the use of wall arts.
Creates Mood and Scenery
You can give your home décor a perfect scenery that helps set your preferred mood. Wall arts come in varieties of themes, and each theme sets a particular mood. You can choose whatever mood you want your home to display through the wall arts you choose.
If you love dark art and would like to give your home décor a dark feeling, you can use gothic wall art. You can also use gaming wall arts to give your home décor a lively scenery every gamer will want. Your choice of wall arts will determine the mood you set for your home.
What other way can you think of to take your home décor to the next level? Memories are great things no one wants to lose, and adding them to your home décor isn’t a bad idea. Wall arts can be a great trigger for memories of events, people, animals, and more.
You can have wall arts of images of loved ones, friends, or animals to keep their memories. You can also keep memories of events like weddings, war, graduations, and lots more through your wall arts. These wall arts will help you keep these memories within the four walls of your home.
Creates Color Palette
Wall arts are one of the ways you can create a color palette for your home décor. Color is an essential element of décor, so having a color palette is essential in-home décors. Wall arts help homeowners set a path to follow when using colors.
The wall art you use for your home décor contains a set of colors that you can choose from to paint your walls, choose the furniture, and lots more. It gives you colors to work on for the beauty of your home.
Adds a Finishing Touch
All you might need at times to complete your home décor is wall art. It is because wall arts have a magical way of crowning your décor. If you desire that exquisite finish for your home décor, you should get the wall art.
Wall arts are beneficial for your home décor. You can incorporate as many wall arts as you want into your home décor to give it the beauty you desire. Get the right wall art, use it perfectly, and watch your home décor display excellence. Do you need amazing wall arts for your home space? Find impressive options at ElephantStock store.
|
<urn:uuid:ba7dc2a1-1c3e-404c-949d-fb94431dd1a4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://boostbodyfit.com/6-credible-reasons-why-you-should-include-wall-arts-in-your-home-decor/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00276.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90014
| 856
| 1.539063
| 2
|
Too much uric acid in the blood can cause gout. Cardiovascular problems can also occur with increased uric acid levels. We reveal Why Is your Uric Acid High and how you can lower your values.
Millions of Indians have high uric acid levels. Many people who suffer from higher levels of uric acid wonder why the Uric Acid High and how they can lower their uric acid production in the body. As a direct result of the high values of uric acid, one may suffer from the disease called gout, which is extremely painful. Gout, in the technical term, is called arthritis uric and can quickly become chronic. Gout is one of the most common inflammatory joint diseases.
How does uric acid get into the blood?
Everyone has uric acid in the blood. Uric acid is created when we metabolize the purines ingested through food. So uric acid is the end product in the breakdown of purine. Our body makes about 2.4 milligrams of uric acid from 1 milligram of purines.
What are purines?
Purines are normal components of many foods. Our body also forms purines itself because it needs these to build the cells. Purines are, therefore, a completely natural product of our cell metabolism and are present in every cell of our body.
How do uric acid levels get too high?
The most common reason for high uric acid levels is a purine filled diet because the purines ingested during through food are normally converted into uric acid by our body and excreted in the urine. Known active ingredients that inhibit the production of urea are, for example, allopurinol or febuxostat. But some people, especially men, excrete too little uric acid. The reason for this is an age-related or genetic metabolic disorder.
What are the Symptoms Of High Uric Acid?
The uric acid accumulates in the blood and forms urate crystals. If the uric acid crystals are deposited in the joints or the tissues, it can cause extreme pain and trigger a gout attack. The urate crystals irritate the joint skin, which also gets burned, and you start feeling pain or burning sensation. Another bad thing is that Urate crystals can even be deposited in the internal organs, such as the kidneys.
What are the normal uric acid levels?
If too many purines are ingested in the diet or too little uric acid is excreted, the uric acid level rises. The normal uric acid levels in the blood range from 3.0 to 6.0 milligrams per 100 millilitres in healthy people. Normally, the uric acid formation in the body and the uric acid excreted by the kidneys are in balance.
If the values are higher, the uric acid crystallizes in the blood. The limit is around 6.5 milligrams per 100 millilitres. The uric acid values are measured with the help of a laboratory blood test.
Which foods to avoid in case of high uric acid?
The following foods contain a lot of purines and must be avoided to reduce the levels of high uric acid in the body.
- Red meat
- Sprats, mussels and crabs
- The skin of poultry or fish
- Organs of animals also called offal
- Soy products
- Apples, oranges
How can I lower my uric acid levels?
Gout is a serious illness, and only a specialist can prescribe the right medication for you. But you can also do something yourself to counteract the increased uric acid levels and thus the progress of gout:
1. A balanced, low-purine diet brings your uric acid values back into balance. It is best to limit the amount of purines ingested with food. Stay away from fructose-containing (fruit sugary) food. These are considered gout promoters. These include fruit yoghurts, soft drinks, ice cream, multivitamin juices or granola bars.
2. Doctors recommend a low-protein diet which means that you will need to cut down on meat products and seafood or rather just keep them off the table for some time.
3. The experts allow consuming asparagus or legumes, but only if they are consumed in moderation.
4. Low-fat milk and milk products are also recommended. A quarter of a litre of milk is said to promote the excretion of uric acid.
5. According to patient guidelines, peaches, honeydew melons, cherries, vegetables, salads, olive and rapeseed oil and nuts are good for reducing uric acid values.
6. To lower your uric acid, you should drink at least two litres of water a day. It can also be in the form of juice or herbal tea. Two cups of coffee a day will also help you to excrete excess uric acid.
Suggested Read- How To Increase Stamina – Training Methods
7. If you lose fat, you also reduce your uric acid levels. Even if you walk in the fresh air, you are on the right track because every step lowers your uric acid level.
|
<urn:uuid:8a4d4d56-ab23-43b7-b9ea-23bb750dc4c6>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://rapidleaks.com/lifestyle/health/why-is-your-uric-acid-high/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00278.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936222
| 1,095
| 2.921875
| 3
|
The photographs are blurry, skewed, badly printed and in terrible condition: dog-eared, scratched, spotted and encrusted with who knows what. They all show girls and young women, in streets and public parks, going about their business and mostly unaware of the camera.
Whose work is this, with its peculiar echoes of Gerhard Richter, Richard Prince, Ron Galella, Garry Winogrand and Humbert Humbert? It’s the private archive of Miroslav Tichy, a Czech who took the pictures during the 1960s and ’70s in his hometown, Kyjov, and now has a solo show at the International Center of Photography.
Mr. Tichy, now in his 80s, was merely a local curiosity until the eminent curator Harald Szeemann included an exhibition of his photographs in the 2004 Seville Biennial. That presentation won the New Discovery Award, and the Tichy Ocean Foundation was established on the his behalf. The photography center’s show, “Miroslav Tichy,” is his first at an American museum, and while it’s mildly disturbing, it’s also intensely fascinating.
The exhibition, organized by the center’s chief curator, Brian Wallis, includes some 100 mostly unique prints, as well as homemade cameras and other crumbling ephemera from Mr. Tichy’s house in Kyjov. The museum is also screening “Tarzan Retired,” a 35-minute film from 2004 by Mr. Tichy’s longtime neighbor and biographer, Roman Buxbaum.
You might call Mr. Tichy (pronounced TEE-kee) an outsider artist if it weren’t for the inconvenient fact that he studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Prague and was for a time a celebrated painter. His photographs may look naïve, but they’re the product of a carefully orchestrated series of missteps that begins with crude, homemade cameras. As he says in the film, “If you want to be famous, you must do something more badly than anybody in the entire world.”Continue reading the main story
His photography is also much more subversive than Westerners might perceive. It exemplifies the nonviolent dissent perfected by Czech students and artists during and after the Soviet invasion of 1968, when the nurturing Prague Spring was followed by a crackdown on free expression.
Mr. Tichy was marked from the beginning: he was a nonconformist with a history of mental illness, and a former member of the Brno Five, a group of painters who broke with the state-sanctioned Socialist Realism of the postwar years. He was monitored and, from time to time, institutionalized.
He did not take up photography until the late 1950s. (All of his pictures are untitled and undated; those in the show are thought to have been made between 1965 and 1980.) When he did, he quickly moved from nostalgic landscapes in the style of Josef Sudek to his fleeting portraits of the women of Kyjov.
Allowing himself three rolls of film a day, he wandered the streets performing his own personal version of the Czech government’s surveillance program. He was a stalker of pretty girls with a secret agenda.
Clearly Mr. Tichy admired legs, and backsides, often cropping the image to show just the lower body. But he did more than ogle. Many photographs show conspiratorial pairs of women: gossiping, telling secrets or otherwise staking out bits of privacy in public.
He seems to have been tolerated as the town eccentric, alarming in habits (daily visits to photograph at the local pool) and appearance (an unkempt beard and ratty sweater) but harmless enough. In one memorable shot two seated girls confront the camera with disdain, as if to say, “There’s that creepy old guy again.”
As Mr. Buxbaum’s film reveals, some of Mr. Tichy’s subjects assumed that his camera was fake. The cameras certainly don’t look functional; he fashioned them from shoeboxes, toilet-paper rolls and plexiglass, polishing the lenses with toothpaste and cigarette ash. You can see some of these misbegotten objects in two vitrines, along with stacks of tattered prints.
The photographs’ condition can be troubling: it suggests not just carelessness, but mental decay and even the degradation and defilement of women. Mr. Tichy is known to have encouraged visitors to drop his prints on the floor and step on them.
Yet he also adorned many of them with elaborate hand-drawn frames, a devotional touch that evokes cartes de visites and other early, personal forms of photography. The wiggly lines around one shot of a bare-chested woman make her look like Edvard Munch’s “Madonna.” Sometimes he also drew directly on the prints, reinforcing the figure’s contours with faint pencil lines.
Elsewhere Mr. Tichy pursued streamlined, modern compositions, as when he photographed groups of bathers at Kyjov’s public pool, playing up the graphic shapes of the swimsuits and the park’s gridded white fence.
To a viewer schooled in contemporary art Mr. Tichy’s prints look like Mr. Richter’s early black-and-white photo-paintings translated back into the medium of photography. In “Tarzan Retired,” Mr. Szeemann points to a Tichy print and chuckles, “This is a good ‘Richter.’ ”
Mr. Tichy certainly has much in common with Mr. Richter: a background in Socialist Realism, a compulsion to archive and a determination to thwart photography’s material limits. But Mr. Tichy’s private archive of Eastern Bloc beauties also recalls the all-American women Mr. Prince appropriated from magazines and publicity shots.
Mr. Prince wrote an essay for the catalog. In his signature smart-alecky, red-blooded-male persona, he links Mr. Tichy to Bettie Page, Swanson’s TV dinners and the short stories of John Cheever.
In Mr. Wallis’s descriptions Mr. Tichy is a Baudelairean flâneur who thrives on chance encounters in the city, and an anti-modernist who reverses centuries of photographic progress. This portrayal sanitizes Mr. Tichy, who can come across initially as a lecherous old coot.
There’s truth in all of these interpretations, but no single one quite captures the photographs’ uncanny fusion of eroticism, paranoia and deliberation.Continue reading the main story
|
<urn:uuid:d92b16f9-41b2-4647-8bbf-bfc829baa026>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/12/arts/design/12photos.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957041
| 1,447
| 1.679688
| 2
|
Carex albursina E.Sheld.
Determiner: Cochrane, Theodore S. (26Oct2009)
Dobberpuhl, June M. s.n.
Verbatim Date: 1987-05-26
United States, Wisconsin, Grant, Glen Haven. Chase Creek Algific Slope #3, above tributary of Chase Creek, 1.7mi (air) NE of Glen Haven; Glen Haven N on Dugway Rd to Chase Creek; 2mi upstream on S fork. 42.5028N 91.0242W
42.83662755° N, 91.04946154° W; T04N R06W sec11 NW4NE4;
Two-acre algific talus slope, steep, forested, NE-facing; natural opening where cold air from underground has prevented normal forest development; many "relict" spp. occur, including the locally abundant Aconitum columbianum.
Record Id: 51736934-690b-4481-b626-e5b00556837e
Occurrence ID (GUID):
|
<urn:uuid:3e54a226-5b95-4aa8-99f4-b59b628e6d38>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/collections/individual/index.php?occid=877794
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.660375
| 339
| 1.53125
| 2
|
This is a game submission from Andrew Innes, an English teacher in Himeji, Japan and it’s called Whiteboard Battleship.
• This is a game for small groups.
•Whiteboard Battleship works best for elementary students and older
• You’ll need some whiteboards or paper to play Whiteboard Battleship
Here’s how to play
1. Divide the class into 2 teams, or a few small groups of 2 teams.
2. Draw a grid with 9 squares on both sides of a whiteboard. You can also use paper as long as they are hidden from the other team.
3. Draw, or write 1 word into each square in the grid. The word or pictures have to be the same on both whiteboards.
4. Also, draw a mini-grid on the top left or right of the big grid.
5. Now each team chooses 3 squares in their grid and draws a spider or something in each.
6. The aim of the game is the correctly guess where those 3 spiders are.
7. It’s up to the teacher what language is required to make a guess. For younger students, they could just read the word. For more advanced they could ask “Is the spider inside ….?” Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
8. They use the mini-grid to keep track of where they have already guessed.
9. Part of the object of the game is that they are projecting their voices so the other team can hear them.
10. It’s also great for teamwork.
|
<urn:uuid:cf1e9dac-fceb-4e88-bea2-f9f3446c31b6>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://easyeslgames.com/whiteboard-battleship/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00466.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94802
| 339
| 3.421875
| 3
|
AP Photo/Minnesota Department of Health
Vials of the injectable steroid made by New England Compounding Center implicated in a fungal meningitis outbreak. About 17,700 single-dose vials of the steroid sent to 23 states have been recalled.
Federal health officials had good news Wednesday for some of the people injected with fungus-contaminated steroids: They don’t have an open-ended wait to find out if they are infected.
The greatest risk for fungal meningitis comes in the first six weeks -- 42 days -- after injection, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says. After that, doctors and patients still need to watch but they may not need to worry quite as much, the CDC said in updated guidance.
"This is the light at the end of the tunnel," Dr. John Dreyzehner, the commissioner of the Tennessee Department of Health, said at a press conference Wednesday about the new guidelines. "By Nov. 8, patients exposed in Tennessee will have passed the 42-day mark."
In Tennessee, 70 patients have been sickened and nine died -- the most in the nation -- after receiving tainted steroid injections.
The outbreak of fungal disease has made 308 people sick in 17 states so far, and 23 of them have died, the CDC says. The New England Compounding Center in Framingham, Mass., the pharmacy that distributed the contaminated steroids, has been closed and its license has been permanently revoked. State officials say they have found dirty conditions there.
As many as 14,000 people may have received injections from three batches of steroid from the plant, the CDC says. Those not already sick are waiting and worrying that every headache might mean they have meningitis, an inflammation of the protective membranes of the brain and spinal cord.
The contaminated steroids were shipped to 76 pain clinics nationwide. CDC officials said the potentially tainted shots were first given May 21.
Patients are monitoring themselves for symptoms including headache, fever, nausea, stiff neck and sensitivity to bright light. Patients who received injections and are concerned should contact their doctors, officials say. Doctors must then decide whether to give a spinal tap to test the spinal fluid, a procedure that itself can cause headache and other side-effects. CDC still says no one should get antifungal drugs unless they show some signs of infection.
“CDC does not recommend initiation of antifungal treatment in the absence of diagnostic test results indicating fungal meningitis in exposed patients who are asymptomatic,” the agency says.
Patients will likely have to undergo months of treatment with two antifungal drugs, voriconazole and amphotericin B. “Adequate duration of antifungal treatment is unknown, but patients likely will require prolonged therapy tailored by the clinical response to treatment,” CDC said.
Most of the patients have been infected with a black mold called Exserohilum. It rarely infects people and only a few drugs can get to it, notably voriconazole.
“Antifungal treatment with voriconazole carries significant risk of hallucinations and other neurologic side effects, and liver damage. CDC recommends careful discussion of risks and benefits between physicians and their patients,” CDC said.
Doctors should check up on all patients who got any injectable drug made by NECC since May 21, the Food and Drug Administration says.
CDC notes that it has been at least 26 days since anyone got a contaminated injection. People have an 8 percent risk of infection at that point and the risk goes down to just over 1 percent after 42 days. Most of the people who have died from the fungal infections suffered strokes, and most got sick quickly after being injected.
“The majority of these patients will have risks of stroke or death that are much lower than the estimates noted here, and their risk will continue to decrease as more time elapses since their last injection.”
The lots of tainted drugs were recalled on Sept. 26, so patients should be in the clear by Election Day, Nov. 6, according to the CDC's math.
CDC says 47 patients have laboratory-confirmed fungal meningitis. “This form of fungal meningitis is not contagious,” the agency says. All have Exserohilum except for one who had an infection with Aspergillus, another mold, and one with a fungus called Cladosporium.
“These fungi are common in the environment but rarely cause meningitis,” CDC says.
- Filthy conditions found at NECC
- Massachusetts to revoke license of pharmacy tied to fungal meningitis
- Fungal meningitis destroyed Maryland woman's brain
- Clues predict who will get sick from fungal infection
- More drugs linked to meningitis outbreak
Investigators at the Massachusetts pharmacy linked to the meningitis outbreak say they found visible fungus, standing water and other unsanitary conditions at the facility.
|
<urn:uuid:47e96afe-bce4-4e5f-aec1-55aebfdc6ce7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://vitals.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/10/24/14670810-fungal-meningitis-risk-greatest-first-six-weeks-after-shots-cdc-says?lite
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96131
| 1,033
| 1.976563
| 2
|
Source: (2009) Ottowa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.
This is the second installment in a two-volume set produced by the Aboriginal Healing Foundation. This volume contains personal reflections on the opportunities and challenges posed by the truth and reconciliation process, which was constituted in the 2006 Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement, to aid in the deliberation of work facing Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. (excerpt)
Your donation helps Prison Fellowship International repair the harm caused by crime by emphasizing accountability, forgiveness, and making amends for prisoners and those affected by their actions. When victims, offenders, and community members meet to decide how to do that, the results are transformational.Donate Now
|
<urn:uuid:ec07cc5e-2c7e-44d9-8ee5-a896cd67a157>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://restorativejustice.org/rj-archive/response-responsibility-and-renewal-canadas-truth-and-reconciliation-journey/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.938642
| 142
| 1.570313
| 2
|
March 4, 2011 § Leave a comment
Professor Anne Fitzgerald
- Andrew Christie has come up with a model for how to simplify copyright.
- How to get a pragmatic approach to dealing with copyright?
- Good ideas on how to create more flexibility from looking at needs of the public sector. GLAM sector has quite a large amount of orphaned work.
- Obama administration has given 2bn for development of open access educational material.
- How to enliven use of copyright in the public sector?
- Understanding copyright as a fundamental aspect of literacy in the digital age. We need hands-on workshops.
Professor Andrew Christie
Melbourne Law School
- Discusses 1998 CLRC Simplification Report (Part 1): sensible recommendations:
- Consolidate fair dealing provisions,
- Expand fair dealing to an open-ended model,
- Apply fairness provisions across the board.
- The exception is copyright owners’ IP rights, the rule is free competition.
- The need for a small exceptions space carved out from copyright owners’ IP rights, but this space is constrained by international agreements (particularly mentions TRIPS).
- We could have an exceptions space defined by a flexible, TRIPS-consistent 3-step space.
- Proposes several different models for defining the exception space from copyrights.
- Government didn’t act on the CLRC for eight years.
- Also issues around gene patents – little government action, and of course the problem doesn’t go away.
- Key lesson: don’t just hand down a report and think it will lead to action. You need agitation to get action.
- Huge amount of potential online.
- [Missed a bit here. Sadly. Looks quite interesting. Mostly seems to be about creativity online, and potential to use it to make money.]
- should encourage innovation.
- Key aspects of good copyright:
- Safe harbours,
- system-level caching,
- flexible exceptions (eg. Not tech-dependent),
Q: Given the difficulty in using the current 3-step test, how do you see this working in pratice?
A: (Andrew Christie) Basically, what it says is that unless the activity is unreasonable and causing damage to copyright owners, it should be okay. We need to just form a judgement: if something’s not unreasonable: do it!
Q: Under what conditions should people be able to opt-out of caching websites.
A: (Ishtar Vij) Already able to opt-out using robots.txt. Once something’s already gone into the cache, Google responds to take-down requests.
Q: My question is: you do this now, this is Google’s defence mechanisms. But if the law was changed to allow Google to cache, would it still allow opt-outs.
A: In the US law, we already have the right, and we still allow opt-outs. There’s no reason that would be different anywhere else in the world. We’re a global service. It’s something that we do, and we’re happy doing it.
Q: Using the language of the three-step test could lead to problems with a shift towards paying more attention to TRIPS [might not have got this quite right].
A: (Andrew Christie) I agree. Better to go with the CLRC recommendations for Fair Dealing. They key, though, is to get the concept right, not the language: if the dealing’s fair, it should be allowed. [hmm…this is not my impression of how law works!]
Q: It would be interesting to see if there’s more consensus in the user consensus now about how these provisions should be dealt with.
Q: (Anne ) Should we perhaps be “a little bit more bolshie” about getting a broad-based, US-style fair use exceptions.
A: (Helen) There’s much more of a push for this now, and it’s still a live issue.
Educational Online Copying
Director, National Copyright Unit
- AU is one of the few countries that has compulsory licensing for educational use. [@piecritic: “We pay for education use unless the website exempts it. What the hell. #adaforum Photocopiers did this to us.”]
- We want materials excluded that are made freely and publicly available on the Internet – not commercially available, and not password protected. Not talking about getting exceptions for subscription services or password-protected services.
- AG’s office wants the National Copyright Unit to try to work out an agreement with key stakeholders, eg. Australian Copyright Council, schools, authors’ groups. Some good did come from this: everyone agrees that schools shouldn’t have to pay for content made freely available without expectation of payment. Some issues with how to actually implement this, though. Legislation or other measures?
- Arguments against legislation: (made by CAL [?])
- a changing environment: changes to legislation will confuse authors and others.
- Legislation may limit publishers’ and authors’ ability to experiment with new business models.
[CAL seems uncooperative.]
- Trying to contact website authors individually is not an effective process.
- Concern that Part 5B being extended online means a market is being created where one didn’t exist before.
- We may have little option but to start limiting student access to the Internet.
- We’re not trying to avoid paying for content that website authors are actually trying to commercialise.
- Part 5B was never intended to create an alternative business model.
- If a person has taken steps to exploit their work, then multiple copies by schools could interfere with sales, and remuneration should be given. But if no steps have been taken, then schools should be able to make use of the content.
TC Beirne School of Law
- In discussions of orphan works, not enough attention to mechanisms for losing ownership. The assumption that copyright owners can resurface after several years and reassert rights is problematic.
- Discusses several potential solutions to orphan works problems.
- Strange to think that copyright owners who don’t take any steps to protect or enforce copyright for years can reassert ownership. Could potentially solve this by treating IP more like real property. [May have possible unintended results?]
- We need to divorce questions of copyright term from ownership.
- Recognising a doctrine of abandonment may only be useful for recognising a subset of orphaned works.
- Abandonment, estoppel, and other laws might be helpful here.
- Many proposed reforms focus on good faith and conduct of the user. One question: whether more focus should be put onto the conduct of the copyright owner.
Robyn van Dyk
Australian War Memorial
- AWM looking to web publish selections of unpublished works in the collection, from WWI.
- Collections of diaries, letters, etc. Many donated to the AWM. Copyright holders: Bean (?) family estates, but also estates of letter authors that are difficult to find.
- Removing letters where copyright is hard to determine problematic:
- It means sharing an incomplete collection,
- Will therefore need to keep sharing physical items, making them harder to preserve.
- Therefore sharing it all under 200AB. (?)
- To follow: Birdwood estate collection. Another collection, in which papers will be treated individually rather than as a collection.
- In many cases, it’s a waste of taxpayers’ money to try to find authors/copyright holders.
- We need to publish material electronically in order to preserve it, as it’s getting heavy use.
Australian Digital Alliance
- Key tenet of copyright: it exists for a limited work.
- Need a mechanism to use orphan works that are still in copyright.
- 3 step test not designed to guide exceptions.
- AU could use the 3 step test to draft an exception for using orphan works.
- what constitutes ‘reasonable inquiries’ about copyright holders for works assumed to be orphaned works?
- How to allow scalable searches? (eg. Looking at a few works in a collection to determine whether the collection as a whole can be counted as orphaned).
- Need to protect users who make reasonable inquiries but are faced with the unexpected reemergence of rights holders.
- Interesting point raised: putting stuff online when it was initially written for private consumption, not public. (Eg. Writing a diary in a trench during WWI – not meant for publication.)
- We need to think about producer interests as well as user interests.
- We should be willing to ‘get bolshie’ rather than always taking a risk management approach.
- Government should take a robust approach to negotiating international negotiations.
- We need more strategic thinking about how to push boundaries within institutions.
- Government approach is that it’s not just about legislation.
- The user community is not as organised or coordinated as it needs to be.
- How to develop reform proposals that:
- are persuasive, targeted, and relevant,
- will persuade government that our concerns matter and require government action,
- are relevant: make sense within the constraints of international treaties.
- More broadly:
- We’ve been thinking about legislation, but there are other option. Possible issues here with fragmentation and/or non-representation.
Ideas on what’s coming – quite a long list! Hopefully Kim will be putting this up elsewhere :)
> We’re going to have to get coordinated in responding to all of this.
- A handy table: what’s coming up, and what practical steps might be required?
- Ideas on submissions, how to coordinate and communicate.
- One aspect: how to facilitate risk management approaches.
March 4, 2011 § Leave a comment
Charles Alexander (Chair)
- Safe harbours in AU only cover ISPs, not other service providers.
Public Policy and Government Affairs
(opens with a revision of massive growth of the Web.)
Google wants to allow for sharing and remixes while respecting content creators’ rights.
YouTube Play: “a celebration of the best creative videos on the web, curated by the Guggenheim.”
map my summer
Safe harbours necessary.
Content owners need good processes for enforcing their copyright online.
Users need easy ways to challenge takedown notices.
Service providers will be able to avoid financial penalties as long as they comply with safe harbour provisions.
Existing copyright regimes lead to uncertainty and risk.
AU’s existing safe harbour scheme should be changed to become more technology neutral.
This would be in line with government policies:
- growing the digital economy, powered by the NBN.
- promoting the development of innovative online services.
University of Queensland
- For many years, unis have acted as service provided. We deal with hundreds and thousands of students, who we have very little control over.
- Unis have been acting as if they were carriage service providers – managing relationships between content providers and users (students) – but without the equivalent protection.
- We’ve had examples at UQ where we could have faced substantial penalise for, for example, large volumes of illegal software downloads.
- Our capacity to know what’s happening on our networks is limited, but we’re doing our best.
- Issues with people not wanting to use resources they’re not 100% confident about.
Manager, Visual and Digitisation Services
- We constantly have to take risks in what we do.
- One of the first museums to start putting content online.
- Putting material up under CC licenses.
- Hackday at the museum using the Powerhouse API: 13 projects up!
- Trying to be an open museum: open access.
- Barriers: issues with licenses when material is handed over.
- We use: vimeo, flickr, etc.
- Releasing content that’s out of copyright to the Flickr commons.
- Some awesome results of releasing material: google mashups, augmented reality mobile apps (eg. Go to physical site, will show you old photos), partnerships with ABC.
- Want to reduce fees to the education sector.
- This is publicly funded material, it should be publicly avalaible.
- Managing risks on a case-by-case basis.
- Material should be shareable and findable (and accessible in other ways).
Q: why is AU’s safe harbours provisions limited to carriage service providers (ISPs) only?
A: (Helen): it was expedient, due to telecommunications act, needed to implement US agreement provisions quickly. With more time, it probably would have been done differently.
Q: (Kim Weatherall) There is an intention to deal with the safe harbours provisions – there’ll be a consultation paper, we’ve heard that all service providers should have access to safe harbours provisions – what do others think of this?
A: (Tom Joyce) The heat in copyright discussions is a problem – it goes on endlessly, there’s an ongoing schism. We need to look at service providers’ capacity to control. If service providers can’t control users, they should have a shared responsibility. Need a clear path for copyright owners to register their issues. There seems to be an attitude in AU…copyright owners feel disenfranchised. Copyright owners need to feel like there’s a process.
A: (Charles Alexander) Isn’t this one of the issues: there’s a narrow scheme, and they still can’t get agreements with ISPs?
A: (Ishtar Vij) We need to think about what’s practical as a response to copyright infringement complainst. Eg. Can only take down material if you’re hosting it. Issues with peer-to-peer networks – not hosted by carriage service providers.
Graham Greenleaf (Chair)
- Cowdroy: just providing access to the Net isn’t allowing copyright infringement.
- Copyright owners have been suggesting that there’s now guidance on how to get ISPs to terminate customers.
- Emmett: Copyright owners would have needed to provide unequivocal, cogent information about copyright infringement.
- Some very real issues with graduated response schemes.
- Emmett: in order to shift the burden to ISPs and suggest they haven’t taken reasonable steps, copyright owners need to take on costs for finding infringing content, maintaining the takedown regime, and take on costs for liabilities involved in terminating clients.
- Nicholas: silent on the question of requirement to pay the cost of the takedown process. If an allegation by a copyright owner requires further investigation, refusal to take further steps doesn’t imply that the ISP has failed in their obligations.
- Not surprising that the full court abandoned Cowdroy’s approach in the initial decision. A good policy approach, but not legally.
- A reasonably high burden on copyright owners to document and modify infringement.
- Duty of care balance.
- Moorehouse case? Provision of the ability to make copies does, to some extent, render the provider liable to charges of facilitating infringing behaviour. However, no radical outcome of this.
- Cumulatively, millions of dollars spent on licensed material through QUT. Have had to develop a framework for this, just as the government has.
- A serious level of concern about more serious issues, eg. Hacking from QUT facilities and other illegal activities.
- A lot of effort around reasonable duty of care about use of QUT’s IT facilities – around $30million a year.
- We note that the appetite for litigation: holding large institutions more liable than they already are.
- previously involved in the WTO.
- Governance is a key issue.
- Very little understanding of copyright issues in the general public.
- When general public understands, they are likely to be appalled.
- Stakeholders were there during consultations with the WTO, took money for projects, then supported negotiations. [Seems rather irate: feels stakeholders failed during negotiations?] We need AU public policy for the AU public good.
- Serious issues with WIPO international collection society.
- TRIPS led to globalisation of IP. Universities did not respond by looking at the consequences. (only the law departments, which benefited as more students want to study IP now.) Only a few departments now understanding this, and the links with international political economy.
- iiNet: the battle is ongoing in terms of where we go from here.
- We haven’t yet seen the full force of the US FTA. Have been told it’s a framework agreement, no need to change legislation. We’ll see.
- Copyright societies want more action from our judicial, police, resources, etc. Competing with other uses.
- US FTA has not been implemented as harshly as it might be in the future. We can implement it cleverly, or it can be rabidly implemented. Will depend in part on lobbying groups.
- Don’t really know yet how ACTA will play out.
- Leaked EU memo from James Love: worth looking at!
March 3, 2011 § Leave a comment
I’m at the ADA Forum today, and I thought that I might as well share my notes with you as I go along. These will obviously be rather messy, but I’ll write some more thoughtful (and well-formatted) comments over the next few days. Comments in square brackets are my own, rather than the speakers’.
Attorney General’s Department
- Department welcomes ADA’s attempts to influence policy, very interested to hear what the “copyright imbalance” is.
- Frances Garry – digital technologies have brought a process of creative destruction, shaking existing business models.
- Sustaining investment and employment in cultural industries important for government.
- Copyright law needs to become simpler and more technology-neutral.
- Issues relating to international copyright regimes and role of the Internet in borderless flow of information.
- The role of the international debate and international agreements is important.
- Government’s current copyright agenda: need to align demand for greater access with licensing agreement.
- Attorney – review of the safe harbour provisions announced.
- Safe harbour scheme offers incentives for service providers to cooperate in discouraging copyright infringements.
- Attorney General also announced review of rules surrounding circumvention of “technological protection measures”.
- IiNet case: government is examining last week’s decision carefully.
- Government welcomes discussions between content owners and ISPs.
- Orphan works – attorney general’s department has been monitoring, will conduct a review.
- Internal review of the issue questions whether there is a reform option that would result in a better situation than what we currently have.
- Desirable to have a consensus on the way forward across relevant stakeholders.
- Want a solution that stretches across borders.
- Other government projects will shape copyright reform:
- Conroy’s Convergence review.
- Book Industry Strategy Group – workshops to develop a strategy. Report expected in September.
- Consultations on ACTA. Transpacific partnership agreements.
- WIPO – movement on copyright. Hopes for agreement on access for vision impaired. WIPO also discussing additional intellectual property provisions for indigenous knowledge.
- limits to independent Australian copyright reform:
- Our international obligations limit the possibilities.
- Copyright not always shaped through legislation. Government can encourage mediation, flexibility from stakeholders.
- Government releases commonwealth information under a CC license by default.
- Commonwealth commissioned software copyright to be held by developer, not the commonwealth. [how is this working in practice?]
- Google books settlement: an example of independent policy solutions.
- Key role for stakeholders.
- Inflexibility and complexity do little to encourage public confidence in copyright law.
Q: PSI reforms and CC licences: if the government makes information available for free under no license, Crown copyright still an issue.
A: Agencies should be releasing material under CC, unless there’s a good reason not to do so. This is still in progress. Also some issues with legacy material still under Crown copyright.
Q: Revised guidelines seem to say that if agencies use a license, it should be CC. However, no obligation to use a license.
A: maybe we’ve taken that for granted, because the decision is that it should be released under CC or a modified CC license appropriate to the data.
Q: are you taking steps to prevent material out there from being privatised?
A: No, we’re not.
Q: then there’s nothing to stop that information from becoming privatised.
A: Yes, we took that into account in constructing the guidelines.
[Surely this would depend on which CC license is used?]
Dr Nicholas Gruen
Key question: “is intellectual property like property?”
A: yes, kind of, but there are important ways in which it’s not.
Differences between property and IP
- indeterminacy of boundaries and threshold tests,
- regulatory/judicial creep,
Formal definition: “goods that noone will supply if the government doesn’t”.
Ostrom’s work important. Public goods not always built by the government.
- Before Wealth of Nations, wrote The Theory of Moral Sentiments, about the social preconditions of markets.
- Sees public and private goods as part of an ecology.
Web 2.0 platforms that are public goods include Google, Twitter, Facebook.
Emergent public goods: language, linux.
Public goods can be emergent, distributed on a platform, on coercively and centrally funded.
We’ve previously seen public goods as a problem, but we should see them as an opportunity.
Issue: many public goods (eg. Wikipedia, Google) are excludable, but for various reasons (eg. Profit, philanthropy), they remain freely available.
IP: the basic economics
- Never a case for IP unless it generates more benefits.
- When uncertain, whose side should we be on? Argues that we should be on the side of the producer.
- “The losses from under-investment exceed the losses from overpricing.”
[@piecritic comments: “Seems to be the old-school economic thought that completely ignores the fact we’re in a post-scarcity economic situation now. #adaforum”]
First & Second order tradeoffs.
First order: costs and benefits roughly equal.
Second order: either costs or benefits clearly prevalent.
As you extend copyright extension over time, key benefits plateau (around 20years). Most benefits in the first 10-15 years.
First order tradeoffs for copyright extension up until around 22-23 years, after that you’re into second order tradeoffs (in other words: costs far outweigh benefits).
Political economy of IP: “IP is promoted by IP owners, IP agencies and IP exporters.”
- Sometimes without plausible economic rationale.
Over-specified IP rights: “for patents monopoly rights to sell into a territory is the core (first order)
Patents also come with other rights, eg. To important and manufacture.
Patents expire later in Australia than in other major markets, because
- Australia offers 5year patent extensions.
- Patent owners apply for marketing approval later.
(skipped over some issues with large pharmaceutical issues in Australia, and international issues.)
Issues with making changes to AU copyright law – compliant with all of our international agreements (eg TRIPS). Australian policymakers ended up worrying about the legal risk, and not making the changes. However, our treaty obligations don’t constitute a legal risk, although they may require us to back down.
The pathology of IP:
- initial over-specification of rights.
- Uncompromising politics of retaining rights,
- expansion of rights
- endless reviews,
- overcompliance with international agreements.
The biggest problem with IP is not hurting consumers, who will benefit if overprotection of IP results in more IP.
Issue is IP constraining innovation [I think I caught this correctly?]
Patents kind of work for pharmaceutical and chemicals (for the companies), not in other areas – firms are forced to patent work to stop other firms from taking out patents, costs outweigh benefits.
Issue: transaction costs high.
- orphan copyright, (really, this is crazy – we have an asset that nobody wants, it’s been demonstrated that nobody wants it, and we can’t bring ourselves to use it. Even in property law we have laws of adverse possession. We could produce large benefits for negligible costs for using orphan works.)
- Need more liberal fair use exemptions.
- Education, research, archiving, indexing, preserving and non-commercial permissions,
- Scope of IP rights
- Move towards focus on damages to exclusive rights, not monopoly.
We should allow use of copyrighted material where it won’t conceivable damage the owner.
The Internet relies on and is meant to foster low transaction costs.
CC is an API in copyright, it is a pre-permission. This doesn’t stop people from making private goods from it, but the content is still available for others to use. [@piecritic notes: “ Now he _really_ misused the term API to say that CC is an API to copyright. Sure, as an analogy. #adaforum”]
National Library of AU does not have the rights to access and provide access to Australian Internet content. PANDORA requires permissions from each domain owner.
- Over 2009, 16 million web-pages were archived in PANDORA, [as opposed to]
- 700 million .au webpages in two months by a web-crawler.
Righting the IP Imbalance
- Domestically: reduce IP where the private economic gains are second order.
- Move IP from absolute monopoly towards rights to commercial exploitation.
- IP bodies should promote stronger economies, not stronger IP (believes that WIPO and AU bodies are shifting well in this direction)
- Promote transparency (as with Productivity Commission)
- Focus on cumulative use of IP.
- we’re too timid.
- We focus too much on our national interest as IP producers, should think more of ourselves as IP consumers (US and perhaps Switzerland the only IP exporters).
- Coordinated international negotiation for IP improvements.
- Need something like the Productivity Commission at the international level to do independent analysis.
- A more robust approach to diplomacy, and principle-based diplomacy.
- More robust domestic behaviour within international arrangements, remembering there is no ‘legal risk’ to Australia.
Q: What happened to the legal deposit inquiry from 2007 that was meant to protest the national library and others from issues with legal protection for web archiving?
A: (from Helen Daniels) This hasn’t disappeared completely, discussions underway, but ministers need to make some decisions.
|
<urn:uuid:80f540cf-fb86-488b-9b98-31a726a517de>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://skycroeser.net/tag/australian-digital-alliance/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00307-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917587
| 5,748
| 2.015625
| 2
|
Date: November 13, 1992
Location: Los Angeles, California
Chair: Smedes York
Subject Area: Disaster Recovery, Economic Development, Sustainable Development
In the wake of the April 1992 civil disturbances in South Central Los Angeles, ULI offered the services of its Advisory Service to the city of Los Angeles to help redevelop this troubled area. The first panel convened in response to this offer was held in August 1992 and focused on assisting the city and the banking community in establishing a multi-bank community development corporation (CDC) for economic development. This report is the result of the second panel, in which the city’s housing preservation and production department (HPPD) asked ULI to consider reuse options for obsolete and under-used strip commercial corridors in South Central Los Angeles.
South Central’s major commercial strips are populated largely by small businesses and characterized by inconsistent and incompatible land uses, old and deteriorated structures, and a large number of vacant lots and derelict buildings. The corridors contain numerous marginal businesses, such as liquor stores, check cashing facilities, and over-priced convenience marts that exploit community residents. Many of these businesses suffered serious damage during the riots. Eleven panel members and two ULI staff members were selected to accomplish this week-long study, with the panelists donating their time on behalf of ULI and the citizens and city of Los Angeles.
- South Central Los Angeles needs to be recognized as an area of urgent regional importance. The community’s vitality—or lack of it—exerts a region-wide influence on the convention business, on company relocations and startups, and on the availability of new job opportunities.
- Planning must be based on a strong, community-based process—that is, on a process generated from the citizens up, not from the top down. The revitalization process should involve, to the maximum extent possible, companies, community-based organizations, and citizens within the community.
- Retail development along the Vermont Avenue corridor should be concentrated at key intersections, introducing mixed-use projects, and eventually replacing much of the existing strip commercial development with residential units. The panel hopes that its recommendations will help Vermont Avenue become an asset that will assist in defining the surrounding neighborhoods, giving these neighborhoods a sense of place.
- The definition of neighborhoods must be aided by the addition of public investment in schools, parks, libraries, and other community services. And, to reinforce the neighborhoods’ stability, the panel strongly endorses efforts to offer programs that facilitate and sustain homeownership. The provision of additional needed community-based services is essential to the revitalization of South Central Los Angeles in general and of the Vermont Avenue corridor in particular.
Overall, the panel believes that the city needs to be much better organized to be able to implement any plan, and that that organization must be achieved on an interagency basis. The city must become proactive rather than reactive; it must provide incentives rather than disincentives. A shift into positive, effective action is long overdue and will require energized, highly motivated leadership. When it becomes evident that the city is truly committed to a well-conceived, realistic plan for the revitalization of South Central Los Angeles, private sector commercial and residential investment will follow.
|
<urn:uuid:cd890911-b25a-4f3d-afd6-9dcbf8759353>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://uli.org/advisory-service-panels/advisory-services-panel-report-vermont-avenue-los-angeles-ca/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00353-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946056
| 660
| 1.632813
| 2
|
Training managers in mental health and driving engagement are just two of the important considerations when supporting employee wellbeing, according to LifeWorks.
Looking after employees' mental health and wellbeing directly benefits a business's bottom line. So with this in mind, here's what makes for a comprehensive system of wellbeing support.
A continuum of support
It is vital to look beyond mental health and towards a total wellbeing programme.
People may also need to access support in differing ways. With the pandemic ongoing, in-person support at the workplace may not be suitable for everyone. There needs to be a strong digital component for those that require it.
Focus on quality
This might sound obvious, but increasing awareness of mental health has led to a lot of new providers which might not have the appropriate privacy and security requirements, or the depth of clinical knowledge.
Train managers in mental health
This is one of the most effective ways that organisations can invest in wellbeing. Not only does it help managers themselves but it ensures they are able to support their staff, not as counsellors but in creating a psychologically safe workplace.
According to research conducted by LifeWorks, four out of five managers have had to deal with a mental health issue among one or more of their employees since the pandemic began, so it is important that they know how to intervene appropriately.
It is all very well putting support services in place, but they are not offering value if employees don't know about them or decide not to use them. The organisation has to set a culture that's appropriate, particularly around mental health - destigmatising it and communicating about it.
|
<urn:uuid:d5caf7b4-2a63-4a33-aae4-bb0736e4da9b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.covermagazine.co.uk/sponsored/4045620/lifeworks-2022-key-elements-wellbeing-programme
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00273.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973055
| 330
| 1.820313
| 2
|
Photo Courtesy of Gregg Fresa
SHENANDOAH RIVER STATE PARK
Shenandoah River State Park is over 1,600 acres and 5.2 miles of shoreline located on the South Fork of the Shenandoah River. The park opened in June 1999 and is located in Warren County, 8 miles south of Front Royal and 15 miles north of Luray on Rt. 340 in Bentonville, Virginia.
All of the park's trails are multi-use, with the southern half of the trail system open to hikers, bikers and equestrians. The northern half of the trail system is open to hikers and bikers only. Most of the trails are wide double track, but there are a few single tracks. The character of the trails varies widely. Bluebell and River trail are mostly flat gravel and parallel the river with beautiful views of Massanutten mountain. They are great for people learning to ride a bike or looking to log flat cross-country miles. Bear Bottom, Big Oak, Tulip Poplar and Redtail Ridge provide a riding experience with more flow and reward riders willing to pedal uphill. Campground, Shale Barrens, Allen's Mountain and Point trail have more significant grades, making for challenging climbs or fast descents. In total, there are over 24 miles of trails, with plenty of options for hiking, biking, horseback riding and adventure.
Please exercise good trail etiquette. Yield to hikers and say hello. Stop and dismount until horses have passed to avoid spooking horses.
The park's hours of operation are between 8 a.m. and dusk.
TAKE ACTION - DONATE NOW!
Donations made directly through this page go directly to the selected trails system and help MORE and its trail liaisons purchase materials, tools and hire the expertise necessary to help us maintain and sustain world class trails in the Washington DC Metropolitan region.
$10 Minimum Donation. Please change the quantity to increase your donation.
All trails at Shenandoah State Park are suitable for both hiking and biking. Difficulty levels are all represented at the park; 10- Easy, 6- Moderate, 3- Difficult. Please note that some trails are shared with horseback riders (labeled as “E” equestrian). Equestrian riders always have the right of way.
Shenandoah River State Park is also known as Andy Guest State Park.
|
<urn:uuid:02de7f0f-eb9a-42b1-ac22-cc0fafebedac>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://more-mtb.org/collections/virginia-trails/products/shenandoah-river-state-park
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00070.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935589
| 517
| 1.523438
| 2
|
The other day on Pinterest, I saw a picture of sock monkeys. Now, I've never been a particular fan of the strange little creatures, but when I saw these I thought, "I know some kids who could enjoy these!" My brother Josh has 4 children, who we call "The Monkeys." I happen to have their family for Christmas, so why not make sock monkeys for my favorite little Kaiser Monkeys? After doing one I realized it was soooo easy and that I should make a quick tutorial.
For 1 sock monkey you need:
- 1 pair of socks
- 2 buttons
- fluff (that's batting, for you technical people)
Okay, here we go!
Turn one of your socks inside-out, and flatten it with the heel facing upward:
Because these socks were knee socks, I had to shorten them, but if your socks aren't so long you can skip this step:
Now from the cuff (or bottom of your sock), cut a straight line up the middle to about 1/4 inch below the heel. (The heel becomes the bum of the monkey)
Cut the heel out of the other sock. This will become the nose-mouth (hahaha thanks, Matt).
From the other sock, after cutting out the nose-mouth (okay, it's probably actually called a snout...), cut out 2 arms of equal length and width, a tail piece, and two half-circles for the ears:
Sew the feet and legs together, leaving a small opening in the crotch so you can turn it right-side-out and stuff:
Turn right-side out:
...And stuff. Then sew up the crotch. Hooray, you have the body:
Sew the arms and tail together, leaving the end open so you can turn them right-side out. Then stuff the arms. I opted not to stuff the tail; I like it a little floppy:
Hand stitch the nose-mouth to the front of the face. First, it looks a little deformed, and you may think you've done something terribly wrong:
But leave a small opening, stuff the fluff in there, and whip stitch it shut, and your nose-mouth takes the proper shape:
Now whip stitch the arms and tail on. It clearly doesn't have to be perfect:
Here's what it looks like from the front:
Next sew on some button eyes, the ears, and hand-stitch the mouth, and you've got yourself a sock monkey:
Here are the 4 I've made:
One for each of my favorite monkeys! (Carly, if you read this, no telling that I'm sending these to them. After all, it's for Christmas!)
|
<urn:uuid:7f3f5a4e-07c9-4326-9848-c5245089afed>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://livingthesavagelife.blogspot.com/2011/11/4-little-sock-monkeys.html?showComment=1320634231289
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942029
| 573
| 2.0625
| 2
|
System Security Guard is a simple tool which checks the processes running on your PC for possible threats. If you've ever used System Explorer, then you'll be familiar with the program's core technology: essentially it just checks running processes and modules against its cloud-based database and alerts you to any potential problems.
Obviously this isn't the most sophisticated of malware detection systems. All the program can really do is compare files on your PC with files flagged as suspicious or dangerous on its own systems (and those ratings are community-based, so shouldn't be taken as always accurate). There's no extra behaviour monitoring, no checks on what a process is doing, and so no way System Security Guard can alert you to brand new, previously undiscovered dangers.
And there are no virus removal features within the program, either. So if it does highlight a possible threat, then you'll still need to figure out how to get rid of it yourself.
Still, System Security Guard is small, simple and lightweight. It's safe to run alongside other security packages. And if you suspect your PC is infected by something but your regular antivirus tool hasn't raised an alert, then there's no harm in running the program for a while: it just might help to identify the problem.
Note that this is the portable version of System Security Guard.
While it's a little short on power, System Security Guard still provides a simple and straightforward way to check your PC for known threats.
|
<urn:uuid:c0a34779-3a76-40bb-8cdd-66c936e749ab>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.techworld.com/download/portable-applications/system-security-guard-portable-21-3328309/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00553-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.947391
| 297
| 2.25
| 2
|
In an opinion that may have been written by Heidi Montag, a federal court of appeals recently threw out a jury verdict in favor of a father, Albert Snyder, who had sued protesters at his son Matthew's funeral for intentional infliction of emotional distress.
Solely because Matthew was a Marine, a Kansas-based cult, consisting mostly of members of a single family, traveled to Maryland in order to stand outside Matthew's funeral with placards saying things like, "God Loves Dead Soldiers," "God Hates You," "You're Going to Hell," "Semper Fi Fags," "Thank God for Dead Soldiers," "Thank God for IEDs" and "God Hates Fags."
But wait, it gets funnier.
The cult's leader/father is Fred Phelps, who calls America a "sodomite nation of flag-worshipping idolaters." Since you won't read it anyplace else, Phelps has run for public office five times -- as a Democrat.
The Fred Phelps cult members travel around the country and hold vile signs outside military funerals because they believe that the reason American soldiers die in wars is that God hates the U.S.A. because it tolerates homosexuals.
I'll leave it to others to speculate as to why the very thought of male homosexuality gets Fred Phelps into such a lather.
Snyder has appealed his case to the Supreme Court, and now the court will have to decide whether the tort of intentional infliction of emotional distress (IIED) can ever exist in a country with a First Amendment.
Unlike many legal concepts, the tort of IIED is not an obscure legal doctrine written in pig Latin. It means what it says: speech or conduct specifically intended to inflict emotional distress. The usual description of the tort of IIED is that a reasonable man viewing the conduct would react by saying, "That's outrageous!"
The Second Restatement of Torts (1965) defines IIED as conduct "so outrageous in character, and so extreme in degree, as to go beyond all possible bounds of decency, and to be regarded as atrocious, and utterly intolerable in a civilized community."
As a respected New York judge, Judith Kaye, described it, "The tort is as limitless as the human capacity for cruelty." Inasmuch as IIED claims are made based on all manner of insults, rudeness, name-calling and petty affronts, the claim is often alleged, but rarely satisfied.
But if a group of lunatics standing outside the funeral of a fallen American serviceman with hateful signs about the deceased does not constitute intentional infliction of emotional distress, then there is no such tort recognizable in America anymore.
The protesters weren't publishing their views in a magazine, announcing them on a "Morning Zoo" radio program, proclaiming them on some fringe outlet like "Countdown With Keith Olbermann" -- or even standing on a random street corner. Their protest was held outside a funeral for the specific purpose of causing pain to the deceased's loved ones.
But the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals noticed that the cult's malicious signs contained words, and that words are "speech" ... which is protected by the First Amendment! (Or was it the Seventh?) Anyway, that was basically the end of the court's analysis.
True, speech will often be involved in inflicting emotional distress on someone, say, for example, standing outside a funeral with signs that say "God Hates You!"
Similarly, words are used in committing treason ("The Americans are over here!"), robbery ("Your money or your life!") and sexual harassment ("Have sex with me or you're fired."). Copyright law prohibits speech that uses someone else's words, and insider trading and trade-secrets laws prohibit the use of words revealing insider information or trade secrets.
The fact that "speech" was involved in the Fred Phelps cult's assault on Matthew Snyder's funeral is a mundane and irrelevant fact. The question is: Did that speech constitute intentional infliction of emotional distress? Hey, look! That reasonable man over there is nodding his head "yes." If so, the First Amendment is as irrelevant as it is to a copyright law violation.
The Supreme Court has upheld shockingly restrictive bans on speech outside of abortion clinics: content-based restrictions on the speech of pro-lifers singing, "Jesus loves the little children, all the children of the world, red and yellow, black and white, they are precious in His sight, Jesus loves the little children of the world."
Is abortion more sacrosanct than a son's funeral? Is singing "Jesus loves the little children" deserving of less First Amendment protection than placards saying, "God Loves Dead Soldiers"? Hey, reasonable man over there -- got a minute?
Even the Fred Phelps cult's "epic" posted online and accusing the Snyders of raising their son badly, which would seem to have the strongest claim to First Amendment protection, would not be protected in other contexts. Last week in Massachusetts, nine teenagers were criminally charged with cyberbullying, based in part on malicious postings about the victim on their Facebook pages.
Thanks to idiot lawyers, who think it makes them sound smart to say "Black is white" and "Up is down," one of the biggest problems in society today is the refusal to draw lines. Here's a nice bright line: Holding malevolent signs outside the funeral of an American serviceman who died defending his country constitutes intentional infliction of emotional distress.
|
<urn:uuid:bd67ce2f-0805-4c22-af9d-15bc0453a7ba>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://townhall.com/columnists/anncoulter/2010/04/07/god_hates_judges/print
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959674
| 1,133
| 1.828125
| 2
|
The city of San Diego could save hundreds of millions of dollars in upgrade and expansion costs for its Point Loma sewage treatment plant , and get more drinking water in the bargain, according to a final draft study given to the city in late May.
With the savings, recycling sewage to drinking water standards costs roughly the same as importing more water, according to the final draft of the San Diego Recycled Water Study. The precise numbers depend on what assumptions are made about which costs can be avoided.
If the study's recommendations are followed, new sewage treatment plants would be built in Point Loma, University City and the South Bay. The cost of upgrading the existing Point Loma sewage plant would drop from an estimated $1.2 billion to $710 million.
Release of the final draft study comes as the county's main water supplier is in the late stages of negotiating for another new water supply, desalinated sea water from a plant to be built off the coast of Carlsbad.
Poseidon Resources Corp. is negotiating a water purchase agreement with the San Diego County Water Authority, which supplies most of the water used in the county. The authority says it expects to get a completed contract ready this summer for a 60-day public review before a final vote is held.
Under the draft study, sewage treated to drinking water standards would yield 100 million gallons a day, about 20 percent of the region's water use. Assuming the study's numbers are accurate, the net cost to the city per unit of water amounts to about half that estimated for water from the proposed desalination plant.
The study presented three scenarios for the cost of repurified sewage in dollars per acre foot. One acre-foot is about 326,000 gallons:
- $1,200, counting avoided costs from reduced usage of the Point Loma sewage treatment plant,
- $1,100, including a "salt credit" for removing salt from the treated sewage
- $700, including those savings along with avoided costs of upgrading of the Point Loma plant, which discharges treated sewage into the ocean.
"These costs compare well to the existing untreated water cost of $904 per acre foot, and are more economical than most other new water supply concepts being proposed," the report stated.
Peace with local environmentalists would be another potential benefit. Environmentalists have long complained that the treated sewage, expelled into the ocean 4.4 miles off the coast at a depth of 320 feet, harms marine life. The city disputes the claim.
Livia Borak , an attorney from Coast Law Group, urged the city to forgo the Poseidon desalination proposal and choose sewage recycling instead. Borak spoke at a May meeting of the Water Authority, She pointed out that the city has great leverage with the agency because of its weighted vote.
The city of San Diego contains a little more than half the 3.1 million population of San Diego County, with proportionate clout on regional agencies such as the Water Authority. So what San Diego decides to do will greatly influence the water supply picture for the whole region.
Moreover, the city faces water- and sewage-related financial considerations that don't apply to North County.
San Diego's potential costs for upgrading the Point Loma plant exceed $1 billion . So far, the city has obtained waivers, the latest of which expires in 2015. There is no guarantee the city, already reeling from high water bills, will receive another waiver.
Counting those avoided costs, the net cost to the city of San Diego for recycled sewage amounts to about half that of buying water from the proposed desalination plant.
In water industry jargon, recycling sewage to drinking water standards is called indirect potable reuse , or IPR. The purified sewage is sent to reservoirs or underground storage, then drawn off with new supplies for treatment and distribution. This contrasts with direct potable reuse, in which reclaimed water is directly put back into treated drinking water pipelines.
The study's numbers for IPR seem reasonable, said water policy expert David Zetland , who has long researched Southern California's water infrastructure. Zetland said he did not review the study, but was making a general observation about the cost of indirect potable reuse compared to seawater desalination.
"IPR can easily be cheaper than desalination, as it takes partially-treated wastewater and further cleans it for consumption," said Zetland, a senior water economist at Wageningen University in the Netherlands. "That's why the "marginal" cost will be quite low. A new IPR plant can also be cheaper than desal, since there are fewer salts to remove."
The desalinated ocean water from the Carlsbad plant would cost about $1,865 per acre-foot , according to an estimate made last year by Poseidon Resources, based in Stamford, Conn.
While the city of San Diego would not directly buy the desalinated water, the plant's 50 million gallons a day capacity would increase the region's total supply by about 10 percent. Desalinated water from Carlsbad would also bring a new source of local water to the arid county, which has seen its traditional sources of imported water threatened by drought, environmental restrictions, over-optimistic assumptions, and legal challenges.
Recycling sewage to drinking water would also provide a reliable local supply to the county. But the city's leaders and the San Diego Union-Tribune, now U-T San Diego , have rejected it because of discomfort of what's been dubbed "toilet to tap."
Regardless, the approach is being used in Orange County, and scientists have said evidence indicates indirect potable reuse can provide water as safe as that from untreated imported water. A new report from the respected National Research Council encouraged exploration of its use.
"The report presents a brief summary of the nation’s recent history in water use and shows that, although reuse is not a panacea, the amount of wastewater discharged to the environment is of such quantity that it could play a significant role in the overall water resource picture and complement other strategies, such as water conservation," the NRC study stated.
With water costs skyrocketing and imported supplies increasingly more difficult to come by, the city of San Diego commissioned the study to get a fresh look at the pros and cons of repurified sewage.
|
<urn:uuid:9b771a7a-dfbc-4489-b3db-6fa6aeab9c39>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-recycling-sewage-to-drinking-water-could-save-2012jun02-story.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9536
| 1,304
| 2.40625
| 2
|
Get the inside track on opera.
DID YOU KNOW...
...Beethoven struggled for years with his great freedom opera, Fidelio? He wrote no less than four overtures for it, and always preferred to call it by its original name, Leonore.
...Gerald Barry’s Alice’s Adventures Under Ground has a cast of just seven, but they perform 53 roles, involving 76 costume changes, all in just 54 and a half minutes? Only Alice remains Alice all the way through.
...In rehearsal for the first production of Donizetti’s Maria Stuarda, the singer in the title role was so persuasive with Act II’s insults (“Obscene and unworthy prostitute...Vile bastard”) that a fight ensued between the two queens. In the event, after a real Queen, Maria Cristina, attended a dress rehearsal, she identified so strongly with Mary Queen of Scots’ fate that performance of the opera was forbidden.
Delve deeper into the background of opera with Irish National Opera’s free In Focus series. Each event takes a closer look at an opera in INO's season, exploring the music and the context in which it was created.
IN FOCUS ONLINE
|William Tell...In Focus||3 November 2022|
|Rosenkavalier...In Focus||2 March 2023|
|Werther...In Focus||20 April 2023|
|Così fan Tutte...In Focus||16 May 2023|
Remaining booking details to be announced soon.
|
<urn:uuid:b43df59c-a25b-4c40-94ee-76982de192d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.irishnationalopera.ie/beyond-the-stage/in-focus
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937207
| 332
| 1.601563
| 2
|
Resilience and Wellbeing as two sides of the same coin
Have you ever had one of those really great days? The days where everything seems to go right and you can solve every problem. Sometimes we call that "being in flow". Actually that feeling is part of the superpower of resilience. Having resilience helps you to overcome mose struggles and challenges. Infact Wellbeing comes from Resilience. Without Resilience you will not have Wellbeing, and without Wellbeing you can not notice your own Resilience. We explore this in depth. Enjoy this episode.
Welcome to the Business Brain Podcast, the only Podcast in the world to give you genuine business superpowers. The Business Brain Programme is an online course for those looking to develop managers into leaders. We offer you total performance transformation. You and your team will learn the necessary skills, behaviours and tools to lead and motivate people more effectively and really make a lasting impact to your business. The Business Brain is a smart, outcome focussed learning solution that helps you explore effective ways to improve performance. We help you turn your weaknesses into strengths and your strengths into superpowers. Do you want to create deeper personal connections? Find purpose and increase happiness? We are offering a free taster of our online programme, just go to www.thebusinessbrain.co.uk to gain access and join our community of over 1000 business brains. Visit our website www.thebusinessbrain.co.uk to find out how we can help you
|
<urn:uuid:b6acbc82-cae5-490c-b986-1bab8949a13c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://castbox.fm/episode/Resilience-and-Wellbeing-as-two-sides-of-the-same-coin-id3716059-id374524699
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941307
| 304
| 1.929688
| 2
|
Photo: © Christian Witkin
About the Author
CHRISTOPHER HITCHENS was born in 1949 in England and was a graduate of Balliol College at Oxford University. He was the father of three children and the author of more than twenty books and pamphlets, including collections of essays, criticism, and reportage. His book, god Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, was a finalist for the 2007 National Book Award and an international bestseller. His bestselling memoir, Hitch-22, was a finalist for the 2010 National Book Critics Circle Award for autobiography. A visiting professor of liberal studies at the New School in New York City, he was also the I.F. Stone professor at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a columnist, literary critic, and contributing editor at Vanity Fair, The Atlantic, Slate, Times Literary Supplement, The Nation, New Statesman, World Affairs, Free Inquiry, among other publications. Christopher Hitchens died in December 2011 at the age of 62.
|
<urn:uuid:a3e1dfaa-90a7-4f1e-bb9d-c43ebd3de419>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/43227/christopher-hitchens/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956301
| 212
| 1.734375
| 2
|
Mourning the Death of a Spouse
On this page:
When your spouse dies, your world changes. You are in mourning—feeling grief and sorrow at the loss. You may feel numb, shocked, and fearful. You may feel guilty for being the one who is still alive. At some point, you may even feel angry at your spouse for leaving you. All of these feelings are normal. There are no rules about how you should feel. There is no right or wrong way to mourn.
When you grieve, you can feel both physical and emotional pain. People who are grieving often cry easily and can have:
In addition to dealing with feelings of loss, you also may need to put your own life back together. This can be hard work. Some people feel better sooner than they expect. Others may take longer.
As time passes, you may still miss your spouse. But for most people, the intense pain will lessen. There will be good and bad days. You will know you are feeling better when there are more good days than bad. You may feel guilty for laughing at a joke or enjoying a visit with a friend. It is important to understand that can be a common feeling.
Finding a support system
There are many ways to grieve and to learn to accept loss. Try not to ignore your grief. Support may be available until you can manage your grief on your own. It is especially important to get help with your loss if you feel overwhelmed or very depressed by it.
Family and compassionate friends can be a great support. They are grieving, too, and some people find that sharing memories is one way to help each other. Feel free to share stories about the one who is gone. Sometimes, people hesitate to bring up the loss or mention the dead person's name because they worry this can be hurtful. But people may find it helpful to talk directly about their loss. You are all coping with the death of someone you cared for.
For some people, mourning can go on so long that it becomes unhealthy. This can be a sign of serious depression and anxiety. Talk with your doctor if sadness keeps you from carrying on with your day-to-day life. Support may be available until you can manage the grief on your own.
How grief counseling can help
Sometimes people find grief counseling makes it easier to work through their sorrow. Regular talk therapy with a grief counselor or therapist can help people learn to accept a death and, in time, start a new life.
There are also support groups where grieving people help each other. These groups can be specialized—parents who have lost children or people who have lost spouses, for example—or they can be for anyone learning to manage grief. Check with religious groups, local hospitals, nursing homes, funeral homes, or your doctor to find support groups in your area.
An essential part of hospice is providing grief counseling, called bereavement support, to the family of someone who was under their care. You can also ask hospice workers for bereavement support, even if hospice was not used before the death.
Remember to take good care of yourself. You might know that grief affects how you feel emotionally, but you may not realize that it can also have physical effects. The stress of the death and your grief could even make you sick. Eat well, exercise, get enough sleep, and get back to doing things you used to enjoy, like going to the movies, walking, or reading. Accept offers of help or companionship from friends and family. It’s good for you and for them.
If you have children, remember that they are grieving, too. It will take time for the whole family to adjust to life without your spouse. You may find that your relationship with your children and their relationships with each other have changed. Open, honest communication is important.
Mourning takes time. It’s common to have roller coaster emotions for a while.
Taking care of yourself while grieving
In the beginning, you may find that taking care of details and keeping busy helps. For a while, family and friends may be around to assist you. But, there comes a time when you will have to face the change in your life.
Here are some ideas to keep in mind:
- Take care of yourself. Grief can be hard on your health. Exercise regularly, eat healthy food, and get enough sleep. Bad habits, such as drinking too much alcohol or smoking, can put your health at risk.
- Try to eat right. Some widowed people lose interest in cooking and eating. It may help to have lunch with friends. Sometimes, eating at home alone feels too quiet. Turning on the radio or TV during meals can help. For information on nutrition and cooking for one, look for helpful books at your local library or bookstore or online.
- Talk with caring friends. Let family and friends know when you want to talk about your spouse. They may be grieving too and may welcome the chance to share memories. When possible, accept their offers of help and company.
- Visit with members of your religious community. Many people who are grieving find comfort in their faith. Praying, talking with others of your faith, reading religious or spiritual texts, or listening to uplifting music also may bring comfort.
- See your doctor. Keep up with visits to your healthcare provider. If it has been awhile, schedule a physical and bring your doctor up to date on any pre-existing medical conditions and any new health issues that may be of concern. Let your healthcare provider know if you are having trouble taking care of your everyday activities, like getting dressed or fixing meals.
What are the signs of complicated grief?
Complicated grief is a condition that occurs in about 7% of people who have recently lost a close loved one. People with this condition may be unable to comprehend the loss, experience intense, prolonged grief, and have trouble resuming their own life. Signs of complicated grief may include overly negative emotions, dramatically restricting your life to try to avoid places you went with the deceased, and being unable to find meaning or a purpose in life.
Complicated grief can be a serious condition and those who have it may need additional help to overcome the loss. Support groups, professionals, and close loved ones can help comfort and support someone with this condition.
Does everyone feel the same way after a death?
Men and women share many of the same feelings when a spouse dies. Both may deal with the pain of loss, and both may worry about the future. But, there also can be differences.
Many married couples divide up their household tasks. One person may pay bills and handle car repairs. The other person may cook meals and mow the lawn. Splitting up jobs often works well until there is only one person who has to do it all. Learning to manage new tasks — from chores to household repairs to finances — takes time, but it can be done.
Being alone can increase concerns about safety. It’s a good idea to make sure there are working locks on the doors and windows. If you need help, ask your family or friends.
Facing the future without a husband or wife can be scary. Many people have never lived alone. Those who are both widowed and retired may feel very lonely and become depressed. Talk with your doctor about how you are feeling.
Make plans and be active
After years of being part of a couple, it can be upsetting to be alone. Many people find it helps to have things to do every day. Whether you are still working or are retired, write down your weekly plans. You might:
- Take a walk with a friend.
- Visit the library.
- Try an exercise class.
- Join a singing group.
- Join a bowling league.
- Offer to watch your grandchildren.
- Consider adopting a pet.
- Take a class at a nearby senior center, college, or recreation center.
- Stay in touch with family and friends, either in person or online.
Getting your legal and financial paperwork in order
When you feel stronger, you should think about getting your legal and financial affairs in order. For example, you might need to:
- Write a new will and update your advance care planning.
- Look into a durable power of attorney for legal matters and health care, in case you are unable to make your own medical decisions in the future.
- Put joint property (such as a house or car) in your name.
- Check on changes you might need to make to your health insurance as well as to your life, car, and homeowner’s insurance.
- Sign up for Medicare by your 65th birthday.
- Make a list of bills you will need to pay in the next few months, for instance, state and federal taxes and your rent or mortgage.
When you are ready, go through your husband’s or wife’s clothes and other personal items. It may be hard to give away these belongings. Instead of parting with everything at once, you might make three piles: one to keep, one to give away, and one “not sure.” Ask your children or others to help. Think about setting aside items like a special piece of clothing, watch, favorite book, or picture to give to your children or grandchildren as personal reminders of your spouse.
Going out after the death of a spouse
Having a social life on your own can be tough. It may be hard to think about going to parties or other social events by yourself. It can be hard to think about coming home alone. You may be anxious about dating. Many people miss the feeling of closeness that marriage brings. After time, some are ready to have a social life again.
Here are some things to remember:
- Go at a comfortable pace. There’s no rush.
- It’s okay to make the first move when it comes to planning things to do.
- Try group activities. Invite friends for a potluck dinner or go to a senior center.
- With married friends, think about informal outings like walks, picnics, or movies rather than couple’s events that remind you of the past.
- Find an activity you like. You may have fun and meet people who like to do the same thing.
- You can develop meaningful relationships with friends and family members of all ages.
- Many people find that pets provide comforting companionship.
Sign up for email updates on healthy aging
For more information about mourning and grief
This content is provided by the NIH National Institute on Aging (NIA). NIA scientists and other experts review this content to ensure it is accurate and up to date.
Content reviewed: August 20, 2020
|
<urn:uuid:b93a7e7b-3cc2-408f-b2f0-8863322cdd08>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/mourning-death-spouse
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00070.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.961091
| 2,241
| 2.390625
| 2
|
[For trouble viewing the images/movies on this page, go here]
In Saturn's bluish north, day ends for the dreamy white clouds that stretch here into twilight.
This natural color scene shows middle latitudes in Saturn's north at excellent resolution, and with little detectable blur due to spacecraft motion.
North on Saturn is up and rotated 22 degrees to the right.
Images taken using red, green and blue spectral filters were combined to create this color view. The image was taken with the Cassini spacecraft narrow-angle camera on April 1, 2007 at a distance of approximately 2 million kilometers (1.2 million miles) from Saturn and at a Sun-Saturn-spacecraft, or phase, angle of 86 degrees. Image scale is about 12 kilometers (7 miles) per pixel.
The Cassini-Huygens mission is a cooperative project of NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory, a division of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, manages the Cassini-Huygens mission for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, Washington, D.C. The imaging team consists of scientists from the US, England, France, and Germany. The imaging operations center and team lead (Dr. C. Porco) are based at the Space Science Institute in Boulder, Colo.
|
<urn:uuid:1e96ed26-01bb-4f3a-b535-81166f9912ed>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://ciclops.org/view/2899/My-Blue-Heaven
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.891924
| 276
| 2.734375
| 3
|
If you collect cookie jars, kitchenware or even flower pots, chances are pretty good you’ve got some McCoy pottery in the mix.
Now you can easily pin down what those pieces are worth (and shop for the ones you wish to add to your collection) in this book about the Ohio pottery works’ history and output.
Wonder how to tell fakes or reproductions from the real thing? There’s a section (complete with photos) that helps you to figure out how which is which. Trying to get a bead on which colors were offered in what patterns? There are plenty of pictures — more than 1,000 in fact — to help you out, and each photo offers up additional details and pricing information.
There isn’t an index, but the book is handily divided by form, so it’s easy to track down listings for everything from crocks, churns and jugs to vases, jardinières, lamps and pet feeders, as well as Loy-Nel-Art.
Vintage advertisements, showcased throughout the book, add to its charm and offer up a useful historical perspective to the featured pieces.
With McCoy pieces taking center stage and top dollar at countless auctions, lining the shelves of antiques shops from coast to coast, and generating activity on various online sites, there’s no better time to be well versed in the world of McCoy.
Softcover, 254 pages, $24.99. Krause Publications, www.krausebooks.com.
|
<urn:uuid:f0897d40-d4c7-4bb3-9c1d-d256a49948f5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.antiquetrader.com/columns/books_received_warmans_mccoy_pottery_id_and_price_guide
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00572-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937749
| 322
| 1.523438
| 2
|
A "killer cloud," swept over the British Isles in the spring of 1783. This huge natural disaster caused a mass of devastation yet appears to have been forgotten about in British history. Not so for Iceland who lost up to a third of their population in this tragedy. Crops failed during this catastrophe, livestock died, leaving many to die from starvation.
Lakagigar in Iceland, otherwise known as "Laki" erupted and continued to erupt for 8 months. Iceland is known as the land of ice and fire. The island is home to around 130 volcanic mountains. The "Laki" eruption was the largest eruption of lava in 500 years. "Laki's Killer Cloud" took the lives of around 23,000 British men, women and children in total. It is estimated that 120 million tons of sulphur dioxide and 8 million tons of fluorine gave rise to what has now become acknowledged as the "Laki haze" across Europe. It is these toxic gases that attacked people's lungs leading many to choke to death.
Volcanoes are not alone in producing killer clouds. Pollution of the air can be caused, for example, exhaust fumes, cigarette smoke; factories that release their toxic gases through chimneys straight into the atmosphere can all create "killer clouds" of smoke. These toxic gases (pollutants) are categorized as being either primary or secondary. Primary pollutants are substances directly given off from a process, such as ash from a volcanic eruption like the 1783 disaster, or the carbon monoxide gas released into the air from motor vehicle exhausts. Secondary pollutants are not given off directly. They form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact.
Londoner's in England battled through brown "killer clouds" in December 1952. Smoke combined with fog otherwise known as smog lay across London killing 4,000 people. Again the toxic gases attacked its victim's lungs and respiratory organs. This disaster created panic all over the world and by the 1970's laws had to be passed to limit air pollution, therefore reducing the likelihood of these "killer clouds." It is estimated that in India 40,000 people a year die prematurely because of smog.
"Killer clouds," do kill, causing devastation and heartbreak throughout the world. No-where is safe from "killer clouds," although everyone can participate in reducing the likelihood of them appearing. Scientists play a huge part within their work and we, the general public need to listen to them and do what's best for our environment.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/6276291.stm http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/asiapcf/south/08/12/asia.haze/ http://ecohealth101.org/temperature/temp7.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcanism_in_Iceland
|
<urn:uuid:0914ce67-e476-41d0-9f18-88d4d0c7c7a2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.sciences360.com/index.php/all-about-killer-clouds-4-20515/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953693
| 613
| 3.328125
| 3
|
Published: 29 September 2014 at 14:07
Anglia Ruskin to host three plays about First World War at Mumford Theatre
Conflict takes centre stage at Anglia Ruskin University’s Mumford Theatre this autumn, with three productions focusing on different aspects of the First World War.
The performances, each preceded by a pre-show talk by an academic, begin in Cambridge on Thursday, 2 October with Twelve Ten Fifteen: The Life and Death of a British Martyr, which focuses on the life and death of nurse Edith Cavell.
Cavell was shot by a firing squad in 1915 for helping allied soldiers escape Belgium and the drama asks whether her death could have been avoided. Was Cavell used as a propaganda tool by the British Government – a perfect martyr to polarise world opinion against the Germans?
Dr Lucy Bland, Senior Lecturer in History at Anglia Ruskin, will deliver the pre-show talk. She said:
A new play by Anglia Ruskin academic Dr Sean Lang will be performed as part of the Cambridge Festival of Ideas on 29-30 October. Entitled 1914 – Assassination Before Lunch, it looks at the men who took the decisions that thrust the world over the brink and into war.
The play focuses on an idealistic young Serb assassin, a bellicose Austrian General desperate to impress his mistress, a cautious Hungarian prime minister and an Austrian foreign minister increasingly out of his depth, and the doomed couple themselves – Archduke Franz Ferdinand, determined to prevent war and to ride in a car in public alongside his wife.
The 30 October performance will also include a talk by Professor Gary Sheffield, one of the leading authorities on the First World War, and an audience Q&A session.
Meanwhile, on 1-2 December Stephen MacDonald’s play Not About Heroes tells the story of Wilfred Owen and Siegfried Sassoon, their friendship, their inter-dependency and, of course, their poetry.
Lecturer Ian Bennett, who teaches creative and digital publishing at Anglia Ruskin University and who recently produced an app showcasing Owen’s war poetry, will deliver a pre-show talk on 1 December.For further information about the productions and to book tickets, please visit www.anglia.ac.uk/mumfordtheatre or call 01223 352932.
|
<urn:uuid:fbf4f7c3-d4d2-4952-81ac-ebfb99346434>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.anglia.ac.uk/news/conflict-takes-centre-stage-this-autumn
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949484
| 483
| 1.679688
| 2
|
Manhar R. Dhanak, Nikolas I. Xiros, "Springer Handbook of Ocean Engineering"
English | ISBN: 3319166484 | 2016 | PDF | 1345 pages | 102 MB
This handbook is the definitive reference for the interdisciplinary field that is ocean engineering. It integrates the coverage of fundamental and applied material and encompasses a diverse spectrum of systems, concepts and operations in the maritime environment, as well as providing a comprehensive update on contemporary, leading-edge ocean technologies. Coverage includes an overview on the fundamentals of ocean science, ocean signals and instrumentation, coastal structures, developments in ocean energy technologies and ocean vehicles and automation. It aims at practitioners in a range of offshore industries and naval establishments as well as academic researchers and graduate students in ocean, coastal, offshore and marine engineering and naval architecture.
#Enlace 1 en Nitroflare.com#
|
<urn:uuid:51192585-e0d6-4e66-baeb-b4b166abc445>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://kedescargas.com/springer-handbook-of-ocean-gineering/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.839598
| 181
| 1.804688
| 2
|
The representativeness heuristic is a mental shortcut that judges the likelihood of an event by comparing it to a mental prototype of the event. Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman first described this particular type of heuristic in the 1970s.Continue Reading
Heuristics are used to help people make decisions more quickly. Although this can be helpful, it can also create cognitive biases. The representativeness heuristic can cause an overestimation of the likelihood of an event, because something being representative of an event does not mean the event itself is more likely to occur.
According to About.com, Tversky and Kahneman conducted an experiment that demonstrated this type of heuristic by describing to a group of research participants a man who was highly intelligent, lacked creativity, and liked order, clarity, and neat, tidy systems. He also had dull, mechanical writing, used corny puns, was competent and had trouble interacting with others. Participants in the study were likely to believe that this man was an engineering major despite the fact that the school had a relatively small number of engineering majors.
In addition, Roy F. Baumeister and Brad J. Bushman described the representative heuristic by pointing out that people tend to believe that in a series of 10 coin flips getting all heads is less likely than getting a mixture of heads and tails, even though both events are equally likely.Learn more about Psychology
|
<urn:uuid:49f141b3-2f67-43af-87ef-adfe2f0a7c16>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.reference.com/world-view/representativeness-heuristic-6ecac0d4666f1e4b
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00419-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969156
| 285
| 4.03125
| 4
|
If Iran were to follow through with its threat to blockade the Strait of Hormuz, a vital transit route for almost one-fifth of the oil traded globally, the impact would be immediate: energy analysts say the price of oil would start to soar and could rise 50% or more within days.
An Iranian blockade by means of mining, airstrikes or sabotage is logistically well within Tehran's military capabilities. But despite rising tensions with the West, including a tentative ban on European imports of Iranian oil announced on Wednesday, Iran is unlikely to take such hostile action, according to most political experts.
United States officials say the Navy's Fifth Fleet, based in nearby Bahrain, stands ready to defend the shipping route and, if necessary, retaliate militarily against Iran.
Iran's own shaky economy relies on exporting at least two million barrels of oil a day through the strait, which is the only sea route from the Persian Gulf and "the world's most important oil choke point," according to the US energy department analysts.
A blockade would also punish China, Iran's most important oil customer and a major recipient of Persian Gulf oil. China has invested heavily in Iranian oil fields and has opposed Western efforts to sanction Iran over its nuclear programme.
Despite such deterrents to armed confrontation, oil and foreign policy analysts say a miscalculation is possible that could cause an overreaction from one side or the other.
Various Iranian officials in recent weeks have said they would blockade the strait, if the US and Europe imposed a tight oil embargo on their country in an effort to thwart its development of nuclear weapons.
Analysts say even a partial blockage of the strait could raise the oil prices globally within days by $50 per barrel or more, and that would quickly push the price regular gasoline to well over $4 per gallon.
More than 85% of the oil that flows through the strait goes to China, Japan, India, South Korea and other Asian nations. But a blockade would have a ripple effect on global oil prices.
|
<urn:uuid:dd5f5325-c9ca-4086-af8f-a33ebff2043b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.hindustantimes.com/business/oil-to-skyrocket-if-iran-closes-the-vital-route/story-IJOVy30yu2bXAMdwSyFJkI.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969912
| 412
| 2.15625
| 2
|
You can’t deny the allure of the great outdoors for many people. Being fully armed for the trip can really maximize the level of enjoyment you have during your camping excursion. Take time out to read the following article, and your camping trip is sure to be a success.
Let all the members of your family have a hand in picking your campsite. Talk about which state you would like to go to. The U.S. has dozens of great camping options. If it makes things simpler, list your personal preferences and then have the family choose from them.
Learn to set up your tent prior to leaving on your trip. That way, you will know that the tent is complete and will understand the assembly process. A little practice can eliminate the frustration of setting up a new piece of camping equipment.
If you are taking kids camping, have them eat a “jungle breakfast.” Tie juice boxes, tiny boxes of cereal and fruit to trees in the woods. Once the children are awake, tell them they need to forage for their meal. This is a wonderful way to spice up the whole camping trip.
Even if you are roughing it, your camping experience can be brightened by bringing along a small token piece of luxury. Whether this is a nice coffee creamer, or something as simple as candy, it will make you feel like you are at home. Small things like this can increase your enjoyment of the trip.
Oranges can be used for insect repellent. Save all the orange peels. Before mosquitoes attack, rub them on exposed skin.
Camping is something that is truly enjoyable. You should do some research before planning your next camping trip to make sure you have a positive experience. Use the tips from this article, and you can have a fun camping trip at any time.
|
<urn:uuid:f559bd34-c154-4a45-8fd3-8ef52d8331fd>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://discount-tent-store.articlesnode.com/recover-from-your-hectic-life-with-a-camping-trip/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.958952
| 375
| 1.640625
| 2
|
Bariatric surgery has considerably developed during the last 20 years in Belgium. The increase of prevalence of the morbid obesity and the development of multiple surgical procedures widened the spectrum of treatment. If a rigorous selection and a multidisciplinary approach of the patients are inescapable, the various decision-making algorithms plunge the practitioner into a certain confusion. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the advantages and the inconveniences of the different surgical treatments in light of the evolution of the principles and the objective results of the literature. Among the techniques proven and validated in the long run, one can mention the Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty according to Mac Lean by minilaparotomy, the laparoscopic adjustable ring and the more recent gastric by pass. The evaluation of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy, and of duodenal switch is on course. The bilio-pancreatic by-pass according to Scopinaro remains strongly controversed. A meta-analysis of the literature confirms the success of the gastric bypass. Regarding to the long term follow-up, the adjustable gastric banding deceives. The sleeve gastrectomy should be analyzed in the long term. The preliminary results of a epidemiologic and financial study within a private hospital of Brussels reveals that the cost effective ratio is in favor the Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty and the laparoscopic adjustable banding, as well in terms of public health support than the charge for the private insurance and the patient. The projection beyond 5 years reverses the tendency to plead in favor of the gastric by-pass. First with the hit-parade of comfort, food diversification, tolerance, gastro-esophageal reflux, and undoubtedly of the rate of recurrence, it supplants the others techniques for sweet eaters. The volume eaters can profit from a sleeve gastrectomy which undoubtedly supplants the Silastic Ring Vertical Gastroplasty responsible for late annular stenoses and reccurences.
|
<urn:uuid:93d878ad-02d0-4236-8241-c0fd05ebb1ce>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17958018/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00266.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.895192
| 410
| 1.664063
| 2
|
Some time ago I wrote that low costs alone are insufficient to attract foreign patients to India – there must be a reputation for high quality and perhaps other positive selling points. Today’s edition of the Indian Express has an article – cheekily (and erroneously) titled “Business Patient Outsourcing” – that suggests there is indeed an effort to improve the total healthcare experience.
Surgery plus stay in a star hospital in India actually works out cheaper for foreign nationals in comparison with medical care in their home countries. The advantage of the rupee is sweeping: Weigh Rs 2 to 3 lakh (approx US$5000) for hip or knee replacement in Mumbai against Rs 10 lakh (approx US$22,000) in USA, UK. Or Rs 1 crore (US$220,000) in the US against Rs 11 lakh ($US25,000) in India for a bone marrow transplant. For identical surgery, equipment, technology, drugs.
And then there are the perks of Indian medicine: Nice, chatty doctors with stints at American or European hospitals, non-existent waitlists, tie-ups with star hotels for recuperation and the bonus of a short holiday in Kerala or Rajasthan…
Meanwhile, a task force at the Central government level is planning a medical tourism agenda. A recent McKinsey report pegs the growth rate of medical tourism at 15 per cent over the last five years. It promises hospitals attractive returns. Think $2 billion by 2012.[Indian Express]
|
<urn:uuid:4db656c2-88f3-463b-b96a-c8a4675a04c1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://acorn.nationalinterest.in/2004/03/08/revisiting-outsourced-medical-care/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00287-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.916439
| 307
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Emergency situations-International children's issues: Children in Post-Emergency situations
Professor Jacqueline Hayden joined CFRC in 2009 as a CORE appointment. She is developing research programs in two areas: Children in Post-Emergency Situations and Children and Ethnic Diversity. She was successful in gaining FOUR grants in 2009 for the first area.
In the second area, ECD and Social Change Professor Hayden was awarded a grant from Queens University, Belfast to investigate the connection between ECD and Social Change: under the auspices of the grant a meeting of International importance took place at Macquarie University to develop a Research agenda for this topic from a global perspective. The two day meeting was held in September 2009. Dr María Amigó of CFRC and Associate Professor Jane Torr participated in the discussions. Further meetings were held in Yogjakarta and Mexico. Outcomes include a number of upcoming publications and a proposal for International research projects. Members of the International team (under the Auspices of UNA - The Joint Leaning Initiative on Children and Ethnic Diversity are:
Prof Jacqueline Hayden (Australia: Convenor), Professor of Early Childhood and Social Inclusion, Macquarie University.
Dr Fernando Jiovani Arias (Colombia), Founder and Director of "Fundación Dos Mundos" - Delivering programs for families affected by armed conflict in Colombia.
Ms Liana Ghent (Hungary), Executive Director of International Step by Step Association - Delivering early childhood programs to Eastern Europe and Central Asia.
Dr Deepa Grover (Switzerland and International), Regional Adviser on Early Childhood Development at UNICEF.
Prof Sharon Lynn Kagan (USA), Co-Director of the National Center for Children and Families, Columbia University and Professor Adjunct at Yale University's Child Study Center, author of 13 books on early childhood education.
Mr Probak Karim (Bangladesh), Director, PLAN, Bangladesh, co-author of Instructional Materials for Primary School children in Bangladesh and of the Basic Literacy Materials package for adult illiterates of urban slums.
Dr Mary A Moran (USA and International), Early Childhood Development Specialist for Child Fund International, delivering programs to 31 countries worldwide.
Ms Kate Ramsay (Australia and International), Senior Program Manager for Education and Early Childhood Programs at Plan International, Australia.
Ms Nyambura Rugoiyo (Netherlands and International), Early Childhood Development Program Specialist for Eastern Africa, Bernard van Leer Foundation.
Dr María Forencia Amigó - DEEWR Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Children and Families Research Centre.
Associate Professor Jane Torr - Head, Institute of Early Childhood, Macquarie University.
Ms Liberty Orbe-Torac - PhD Candidate, Centre for Research on Social inclusion Macquarie University
Macquarie University Research Development Grant and a Macquarie University Linkage Seeding Grant
ARNEC, Queens University (Belfast), UNA, UNICEF (Cambodia), UNICEF (New York) - through consultative group on ECCED.
|
<urn:uuid:31d63e9d-886b-4227-864b-89f42cd5f219>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.mq.edu.au/research/research-centres-groups-and-facilities/healthy-people/centres/children-and-families-research-centre-cfrc/theme1/projects-theme-1/emergency-situations-international-childrens-issues-children-in-post-emergency-situations
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.862654
| 635
| 2.5
| 2
|
A Hypertext Edition of Charles Hoy Fort's Book
Edited and Annotated by Mr. X
THERE is no way of judging these stories. Every canon, or device, of inductive logic, conceived of by Francis Bacon and John Stuart Mill has been employed in investigating some of them, but logic is ruled by the fishmonger. Some of us will think as we're told to think, and be smug and superior, in rejecting the yarns: others will like to flout the highest authority, and think that there may be something in them, feeling that they're the ones who know better, and be just as smug and superior. Smug, we're going to be, anyway, just so long as we're engaged in any profession, art, or business, and have to make balance somewhere against a consciousness of daily stupidities. I should think that somebody in a dungeon, where it is difficult to make bad mistakes, would be of the least smug. Still, I don't know: I have noted [96/97] serene and self-satisfied looks of mummies. The look of an egg is of complacency.
There is no way of judging our data. There are no ways, except arbitrary ways, of judging anything. Courts of Appeals are of the busiest of human institutions. The pragmatist realizes all this, and says that there is no way of judging anything except upon the basis of the work-out. I am a pragmatist, myself, in practice, but I see no meaning in pragmatism, as a philosophy. Nobody wants a philosophy of description, but does want a philosophy of guidance. But pragmatists are about the same as guides on the top of a mountain, telling climbers, who have reached the top, that they are on the summit. "Take me to my destination," says a traveller. "Well, I can't do that," says a guide, "but I can tell you when you get there."
My own acceptance is that ours is an organic existence, and that our thoughts are the phenomena of its eras, quite as its rocks and trees and forms of life are; and that I think as I think, mostly, though not absolutely, because of the era I am living in. This is very much the philosophy of the Zeitgeist, but that philosophy, as ordinarily outlined, is Absolutism, and I am trying to conceive of a schedule of predetermined -- though not absolutely predetermined -- developments in one comprehensibly-sized existence, which may be only one of hosts of other existences, in which the scheduled eras correspond to the series of stages in the growth, say, of an embryo. There is, in our expressions, considerable of the philosophy of Spinoza, but Spinoza conceived of no outlines within which to think.
In anything like a satisfactory sense there is no way of judging our data, nor of judging anything else: but of course we have ways of forming opinions that are often somewhat serviceable. By means of litmus, [97/98] a chemist can decide whether a substance is an acid, or an alkali. So nearly is this a standard to judge by that he can do business upon this basis. Nevertheless there are some substances that illustrate continuity, or represent merging-point between acids and alkalis; and there are some substances that under some conditions are acids, and under other conditions are alkalis. If there is any mind of any scientist that can absolutely pronounce either for or against our data, it must be more intelligent than litmus paper.
A barrier to rational thinking, in anything like a final sense, is continuity, because of which only fictitiously can anything be picked out of a nexus of all things phenomenal, to think about. So it is not mysterious that philosophy, with its false, or fictitious, differences, and therefore false, or fictitious, problems, is as much baffled as it was several thousand years ago.
But if, for instance, no two leaves of any tree are exactly alike, so that all appearances are set apart from all other appearances, though at the same time all interrelated, there is discontinuity, as well as continuity. So then the frustrations of thought are double. Discontinuity is a barrier to anything like a finally sane understanding, because the process of understanding is a process of alleged assimilation of something with something else: but the discontinuous, or the individualized, or the unique, is the unassimiliable.
One explanation of our survival is that there is underlying guidance, or control, or organic government, which to high degree regularizes the movements of the planets, but is less efficient in its newer phenomena. Another explanation is that we survive, because everybody with whom we are in competition, is equally badly off, mentally.
Also, in other ways, how there can be survivals of [98/99] persons and prestiges, or highest and noblest of reputations, was illustrated recently. About April Fool's Day, 1930, the astronomers announced that, years before, the astronomer Lowell, by mathematical calculations of the utmost complexity, or bewilderingly beyond the comprehension of anybody except an astronomer, had calculated the position of a ninth major planet in this solar system: and that it had been discovered almost exactly in the assigned position.(1) Then columns, and pages of special articles, upon this triumph of astronomical science. But then a doubt appeared -- there were a few stray paragraphs telling that, after all, the body might not be the planet of Lowell's calculations -- the subject was dropped for a while. But, in the public mind, the impressions worked up by spreadheads enormously outweighed whatever impressions came from obscure paragraphs, and the general idea was that, whatever it was, there had been another big, astronomical triumph. It is probable that the prestige of the astronomers, instead of suffering, was boomed by this overwhelming of obscure paragraphs by spreadheads.
I do not think that it is vanity, in itself, that is so necessary to human beings: it is compensatory vanity that one must have. Ordinarily, one pays little if any attention to astronomers, but now and then come consoling reflections upon their supposed powers. Somewhere in everything that one does there is error. Somebody is not an astronomer, but he classes himself with astronomers, as differentiated from other and "lower" forms of life, and mind. Consciousness of the irrationality, or stupidity, pervading his own daily affairs, is relieved by a pride in himself and astronomers, as contrasted with dogs and cats.
According to the Lowell calculations, the new planet was at a mean distance of about 45 astronomi- [99/100] cal units from the sun. But, several weeks after April Fool's Day, the object was calculated to be at a mean, or very mean, distance of 217 units. I do not say that an educated cat or dog could do as well, if not better: I do say that there is a great deal of delusion in the gratification that one feels when thinking of himself and astronomers, and then looking at a cat or a dog.
The next time anybody thinks of astronomers, and looks at a cat, and feels superior, and would like to keep on feeling superior, let him not think of a cat and a mouse. The cat lies down and watches a mouse. The mouse moves away. The cat knows it. The mouse wobbles nearer. The cat knows whether it's coming or going.
In April, 1930, the astronomers told that Lowell's planet was receding so fast from the sun that soon it would become dimmer and dimmer.
New York Times, June 1, 1930 -- Lowell's planet approaching the sun -- for fifty years it would become brighter and brighter.(2)
A planet is rapidly approaching the sun. The astronomers publish highly technical "determinations" upon its rate of recession. Nobody that I know of wrote one letter to any newspaper. One reason is that one fears to bring upon oneself the bullies of science. In July, 1930, the artist, Walter Russell, sent some views that were hostile to conventional science to the New York Times.(3) Times, Aug. 3rd -- a letter from Dr. Thomas Jackson -- a quotation from it, by which we have something of an idea of the self-apotheosis of these pundits, who do not know, of a thing in the sky, whether it is coming or going:(4)
"For nearly three hundred years no one, not even a scientist, has had the temerity to question Newton's laws of gravitation. Such an act on the part of a scientist would be akin to blasphemy, and for an [100/101] artist to commit such an absurdity is, to treat it kindly, an evidence of either misguidance or crass ignorance of the enormity of his act."
If we're going to be kind about this, I simply wonder, without commenting, what such statement as that for nearly three hundred years nobody had ever questioned Newton's laws of gravitation, is evidence of.
But in the matter of Lowell's planet, I neglected to point out how the astronomers corrected their errors, and that is a consideration of importance to us. Everything that was determined by their mathematics turned out wrong -- planet coming instead of going -- period of revolution 265 years, instead of 3,000 years -- eccentricity of orbit three-tenths instead of nine-tenths.(5) They corrected, according to photographs.
It is mathematical astronomy that is opposing our own notions.
Photographic astronomy can be construed any way one pleases -- say that the stars are in a revolving shell, about a week's journey away from this earth.
Everything mathematical cited by me, in this Lowell-planet controversy,
was authoritatively said by somebody one time, and equally authoritatively
denied by somebody else, some other time. Anybody who dreams of a mathematician's
heaven had better reconsider, if its angels there be more than one mathematician.
1. "Computations made at the Harvard Observatory today showed that `Planet X,' as the new sphere is called here, was found actually 6 degrees away from the spot where Professor Lowell predicted. Six degrees is equivalent to twelve times the diameter of the moon. The distance between the pointers in the Big Dipper is 5 degrees." "Predicted within 6 degrees." New York Times, March 15, 1930, p.11 c.1.
2. "Traveling toward the sun." New York Times, June 1, 1930, p. 19 c. 2.
3. "Artist challenges Newtonian theory." New York Times, July 21, 1930, p. 21 c. 8.
4. "Scientist and artist dispute Newton and Kepler findings." New York Times, August 3, 1930, s. 3, p. 2E c. 3-4. The quoted scientist was Dr. John E. Jackson, (not Thomas Jackson).
5. "Says Pluto's size is that of Mars," and, "Traveling toward the sun." New York Times, June 1, 1930, p. 19 c. 1-2. The erroneous eccentricity given by the Lowell Observatory was due to an error in the calculations made by Roger Lowell Putnam, who "had forgotten the definition of `eccentricity,' and thinking it was the ratio of the major and minor axes, was not surprised to have it come out .909." William Graves Hoyt. Planets X and Pluto. Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 1980, 206.
Or, go to:
Part One 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Part Two 1 2 3 4
Part Three 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Return to Mr. X's Fortean Web-Site
Communications, (preferably in English), may be sent to Mr. X by electronic mail at email@example.com
or by letters to: Box 1598, Kingston, Ontario K7L 5C8 CANADA.
© X, 1998, 1999
|
<urn:uuid:6ff5fc31-3735-4f80-a05d-dbc4a456c2b9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.resologist.net/lo108.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00376-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.965301
| 2,502
| 2.140625
| 2
|
To repeal certain provisions of the Communications Act of 1934, title 17 of the United States Code, and the regulations of the Federal Communications Commission that intervened in the television marketplace, and for other purposes.
The bill’s titles are written by its sponsor.
Sponsor and status
Sponsor. Representative for Louisiana's 1st congressional district. Republican.
Last Updated: Dec 12, 2013
Length: 30 pages
113th Congress (2013–2015)
This bill was introduced on December 12, 2013, in a previous session of Congress, but it did not receive a vote.
Although this bill was not enacted, its provisions could have become law by being included in another bill. It is common for legislative text to be introduced concurrently in multiple bills (called companion bills), re-introduced in subsequent sessions of Congress in new bills, or added to larger bills (sometimes called omnibus bills).
1 Cosponsor (1 Republican)
Dec 15, 2011
Earlier Version — Introduced
This activity took place on a related bill, H.R. 3675 (112th).
Dec 12, 2013
Bills and resolutions are referred to committees which debate the bill before possibly sending it on to the whole chamber.
Jul 23, 2018
Reintroduced Bill — Introduced
This activity took place on a related bill, H.R. 6465 (115th).
H.R. 3720 (113th) was a bill in the United States Congress.
A bill must be passed by both the House and Senate in identical form and then be signed by the President to become law.
Bills numbers restart every two years. That means there are other bills with the number H.R. 3720. This is the one from the 113th Congress.
This bill was introduced in the 113th Congress, which met from Jan 3, 2013 to Jan 2, 2015. Legislation not passed by the end of a Congress is cleared from the books.
How to cite this information.
We recommend the following MLA-formatted citation when using the information you see here in academic work:
GovTrack.us. (2022). H.R. 3720 — 113th Congress: Next Generation Television Marketplace Act. Retrieved from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr3720
“H.R. 3720 — 113th Congress: Next Generation Television Marketplace Act.” www.GovTrack.us. 2013. August 10, 2022 <https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr3720>
Next Generation Television Marketplace Act, H.R. 3720, 113th Cong. (2013).
|title=H.R. 3720 (113th)
|accessdate=August 10, 2022
|author=113th Congress (2013)
|date=December 12, 2013
|quote=Next Generation Television Marketplace Act
Where is this information from?
GovTrack automatically collects legislative information from a variety of governmental and non-governmental sources. This page is sourced primarily from Congress.gov, the official portal of the United States Congress. Congress.gov is generally updated one day after events occur, and so legislative activity shown here may be one day behind. Data via the congress project.
|
<urn:uuid:f4d510c2-26d8-4562-b0cb-487f8b352b7b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr3720
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00475.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933458
| 763
| 2.03125
| 2
|
|Manufacturer||Inteprinderea de Constructii Aeronautice (ICA), Brasov|
|First flight||May 1986|
|Number built||at least 4|
Design and development
The IAR-35 is an all-metal, single seat, short span glider developed for aerobatic flight. Its three spar shoulder wing, with metal ribs and bonded metal skinning, has a constant chord centre section and tapered outer panels. There is no dihedral on the centre section but 2° outboard. The whole trailing edge is occupied by all-metal, statically balanced ailerons, each fitted with an automatic trim tab. DFS (Schempp-Hirth) airbrakes extend both above and below the wings.
Its fuselage is a metal semi-monocoque with aluminium alloy framing and duralumin skin. The cockpit is ahead of the wing with the pilot under a long, single piece Perspex canopy. On the underside, below the wing there is a monowheel, fitted with a brake, which retracts behind a pair of doors. The IAR-35 also has a fixed, semi-recessed tailwheel and a skid under the nose. The wing tips are protected by small, sprung balance wheels. Its fuselage becomes more slender behind the wing, mounting a conventional empennage with tall, straight edged, swept vertical surfaces and a dorsal fillet. The rudder is statically balanced and has a vertical trailing edge. A braced tailplane is mounted forward on the fin, a little above the fuselage, carrying similarly balanced elevators fitted with trim tabs.
- Crew: One
- Length: 6.47 m (21 ft 3 in)
- Wingspan: 12.0 m (39 ft 4 in)
- Height: 1.72 m (5 ft 8 in)
- Wing area: 10.80 m2 (116.3 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 13.3
- Airfoil: NACA 64-015
- Empty weight: 250 kg (551 lb) - 270 kg (595.2 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 380 kg (838 lb)
- Stall speed: 86 km/h (53 mph; 46 kn)
- Never exceed speed: 380 km/h (236 mph; 205 kn) in smooth air
- Max rough air speed (VA): 202 km/h (109 kn; 126 mph)
- g limits: +7 -5
- Maximum glide ratio: 26
- Best glide speed: 100 km/h (54 kn; 62 mph)
- Rate of sink: 0.85 m/s (167 ft/min)
- Minimum sink speed: 95 km/h (51 kn; 59 mph)
- Wing loading: 35.19 kg/m2 (7.21 lb/sq ft)
- Lambert, M. (1990). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1990-1991. London: Jane's Information Group. pp. 648–9. ISBN 07106 0908 6.
- Partington, Dave (2010). European registers handbook 2010. Air Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85130-425-0.
- John W.R. Taylor, ed. (1988). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1988-89. London: Jane's Information Group. p. 628. ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.
|
<urn:uuid:d3817c22-ad57-4bca-82d8-907224421d41>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICA_IAR-35
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00489-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.739304
| 728
| 1.90625
| 2
|
Re: flu shot
Yes. I will tell you why. First of all a flu shot does not "protect" you as all are lead to believe. You jeopardize your immune system when you load it with toxins and chemicals. What are the ingredients of a flu shot? If you don't know they contain mercury, formaldehyde, foreign DNA, etc. This means that you are further lowering your immune system when you get a flu shot.
Only building up your immune system naturally will protect you. You shouldreas more about it. You can come in contact with anything and still not get sick if you address the health of your immune system which every doctor, media, and person I know FAILS to do.
The reason they recommend you get upwards of two flu shot or more is evidence that it doesn't work. This means people are not building "immunity" even it it does work in some, so they recommend more shots. You are already receiving 25x more mercury in one shot than the FDA recommends. Mercury is one of the most toxic elements on this planet and there is no amount that is safe in the body. This means you you get more shots, you are shooting up 50x or more mercury that you should have.
Build your immune system naturally. I have a toddler who has never been sick in her life because I address prevention and we steer clear of flu shots.
|
<urn:uuid:25615848-f8e0-4461-b269-5d08781bae62>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.healthboards.com/boards/vaccination-immunization/716708-flu-shot.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975105
| 285
| 1.976563
| 2
|
16 January 2009
The recent heavy snowfall across the country brought with it some challenges not often seen by Abingdon Preparatory School. One of the concerns was how to maintain some degree of academic momentum while the school was closed and the boys found themselves at home unexpectedly.
An online study site was set up through the school website whereby boys could access work set by teachers across all the year groups in the school. In year 5 Art, part of the home study was to create snow sculptures and photograph them. Another brief given to the Reception class was to, in the first instance, have fun and enjoy the snow. Evidence of this 'work' can been seen in the gallery of pictures on this page.
|
<urn:uuid:0dd7370e-016f-4722-8711-f36600e6c924>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.abingdon.org.uk/prep/index.php/snow1
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00382-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.979706
| 144
| 1.921875
| 2
|
Anthrone cellulose quantification
Updated version of cellulose quantification method described by Updegraff in 1969, for use in 1.5 mL tubes. Based on a protocol by Stewart Gillmor.
- Spectrophotometer (e.g. Jenway Genova Life Science Analyzer)
- Microbalance (e.g. Mettler UMT 2)
- Tin capsules (weighing vessels)
- 1 mL quartz cuvettes
- Millipore water
- Anthrone solution: 100 mg anthrone (CAS 90-44-8) in 10 mL concentrated sulfuric acid. Must be prepared fresh daily
- Acetic nitric reagent: 150 mL 80% acetic acid plus 15 mL concentrated nitric acid.
- 10 mM glucose stock solution: 180.16 mg glucose in 100 mL ddH20
- Collect 10 Arabidopsis seedlings in 70% ethanol. Warm them at 70º C for one hour.
- Take off the ethanol, replace it with more 70% ethanol and warm at 70º C for another 45 minutes.
- Remove ethanol, add 1 mL acetone, and let sit for 10 minutes.
- Remove acetone and let samples dry overnight (or speed-vac, if necessary).
- Mass seedlings on an analytical balance.
- Add 1 mL of acetic nitric reagent, heat at 98º C for 30 minutes.
- Spin seedlings down at 14000 rpm for 10 minutes, then remove most of the supernatant, being careful not to lose any of the tissue.
- Add 1 mL of ddH2O and invert. Spin down for another 10 minutes at 14000 rpm.
- Remove half of the supernatant, add 1 mL acetone, and spin for 5 minutes.
- Remove 1 mL of the supernatant, add 1 mL acetone, spin for another 5 minutes.
- Remove as much of the supernatant as possible without losing tissue, then dry overnight or speed vac.
- Add 100 µL 67% H2SO4. Cover, mix well on vortexer.
- Mix 400 µL ddH2O with this solution, and then add 1 mL of anthrone solution (to tubes on ice). Boil on heat block for 5 minutes.
- Transfer samples back to ice, then fill a glass or quartz cuvette with the blank (no glucose) solution.
- Blank machine, read absorbance of all samples at 620 nm, find glucose concentration with standard curve. Wash the cuvette out with both deionized water and acetone each time to prevent a white deposit from clouding the cuvette window.
Make a glucose standard curve: 3 replicates each of the following six solutions:
Total glucose (nmol): 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400
Volume of ddH2O (µL): 495, 490, 485, 480, 470, 460
Volume of 10 mM Glc soln. (µL): 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40
Add 1 mL anthrone solution to these 500 µL volumes, read OD at 620 nm.
Notes on procedure
- Polypropylene 1.5 mL tubes and pipette tips are stable to concentrated sulfuric acid, though the use of disposeable polystyrene cuvettes is not recommended (S. Gillmor, personal communication). Tubes should be sealed with cap-locks for all heating steps, especially ones involving acid.
- Massing dry tissue directly in 1.5 mL tubes is not recommended, as we found that the resulting static electricity caused the microbalance we used to drift, sometimes quite significantly. Transferring tissue from small aluminum weighing vessels to tubes, and then finding the mass transferred by difference yielded much more stable and objective dry mass values. The microbalance values agreed with the values from less precise balances to within their uncertainty. Samples should be handled with tweezers to avoid local air currents from heating.
- The mixing of sulfuric acid and water is highly exothermic, and is capable of driving the reaction of carbohydrate with anthrone. Accordingly, tubes should be kept on ice upon addition of anthrone solution in step 13, and then all transferred together to a heatblock as quickly as possible to allow the reaction to proceed to the same extent in all tubes (Scott and Melvin, 1953). If multiple batches of tubes are heated in a single day, it is quite important to control the temperature of the heat block in addition to heating time, as failing to control for this results in large absorbance differences between identical standards (not shown). For a five minute boiling time, approximately 75-175 nmol glucose corresponds to the linear range with absorbances between 0.4 and 0.9 that is ideal for spectrophotometric quantification, so tissue samples should have total glucose levels approximately in this range.
- Scott and Melvin (Scott and Melvin, 1953), who achieved standard deviations of 0.48%, noted that variation between blank samples from minute carbohydrate contamination seems to be the main source of uncertainty in the spectrophotometric assay. Our blanks for a given day generally differed by less than 0.01 absorbance units, indicating small amount of instrument drift. In one run we used a method blank, performing all the extraction steps on an empty tube, and its final absorbance was essentially the same as the standard blank, providing confidence that our samples were not contaminated by stray polysaccharides during the extraction steps.
- If solution heated in step 13 is insufficiently acidic, a white precipitate forms, preventing collection of absorbance data. If the solution is heated much longer than 5 minutes it will turn brown, and the absorbance at 620 nm will no longer be linear with glucose concentration.
- There is danger of losing tissue in the various wash steps, especially step 12, because the acetic-nitric reagent treatment turns tubes yellow and the pelleted tissue covered with supernatant is very difficult to see. This problem may have been especially acute when we used an old centrifuge that may not have achieved its nominal maximum speed, causing the seedlings to not pellet properly.
|
<urn:uuid:d6dc29b7-4baf-4bc8-b6fa-6180354bb29d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.openwetware.org/index.php?title=Anthrone_cellulose_quantification&direction=prev&oldid=522349
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.884266
| 1,280
| 1.5625
| 2
|
UV & Chlorination Systems to Remove Bacteria & Oxidize Contaminants
Microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and protozoa (such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium) may be present in well or surface water. According to the Water Quality Association (WQA):
“…microbial contaminants, such as E. coli, Giardia, and Cryptosporidiumcan cause gastrointestinal problems and flu-like symptoms commonly attributed to undercooked or improperly stored food. They include:
Bacteria: Single-celled organisms lacking well-defined nuclear membranes and other specialized functional cell parts which reproduce by cell division or spores. Bacteria may be free-living organisms or parasites. Bacteria (along with fungi) are decomposers that break down the wastes and bodies of dead organisms, making their components available for reuse. Bacterial cells range from about 1 to 10 microns in length and from 0.2 to 1 micron in width. They exist almost everywhere on earth. Some bacteria are helpful to humans, while others are harmful.
Viruses: Parasitic infectious microbes, composed almost entirely of protein and nucleic acids, which can cause disease(s) in humans. Viruses can reproduce only within living cells. They are 0.004 to 0.1 microns in size, which is about 100 times smaller than bacteria.
Cysts: Capsules or protective sacs produced by many protozoans (as well as some bacteria and algae) as preparation for entering a resting or a specialized reproductive stage. Similar to spores, cysts tend to be more resistant to destruction by disinfection. Fortunately, protozoan cysts are typically 2 to 50 microns in diameter and can be removed from water by fine filtration.”
How To Treat Bacterial Contamination in Water
UV (ultraviolet) water purification is a chemical-free and cost-effective way to ensure your water is free of harmful bacteria.
If you are unsure of the microbiological quality of your source water or if you are looking for additional security from your municipal water source, then McLeod’s EcoWater has the solution for residential UV systems.
UV technology is proven to control microbiological (bacteria & virus) issues in water including E.coli, Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia. Our systems provide the ultimate in UV protection for your home.
Chlorination & peroxide systems from North Durham EcoWater include a chemical feed pump designed to inject a predetermined level of chlorine or peroxide into the water. This will kill bacteria and oxidize high levels of iron, manganese, and sulfur.
From there a retention tank is used to ensure contact time for a proper bacteria kill, and/or time to completely oxidize iron and sulfur.
The oxidized contaminants will then be filtered through multimedia filters and lastly, a carbon filter will remove chlorine and/or organics which may be present in water.
|
<urn:uuid:1469c4ad-54c7-4fdd-848e-d53f32cfa6d1>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://northdurhamecowater.com/chlorination-systems/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00068.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913658
| 615
| 3.34375
| 3
|
Jill Richardson is the founder of the blog La Vida Locavore and a member of the Organic Consumers Association policy advisory board. She is the author of Recipe for America: Why Our Food System Is Broken and What We Can Do to Fix It.
Ken Klippenstein: How often do you find that students in the food sciences are compelled to study things that Monsanto would fund?
Jill Richardson: There’s definitely this theme over a lot of people that this is a problem. When people are looking to do their research or get their dissertation or choose a topic, you need to get funding. It’s not necessarily a conspiracy. Who has money? The government has money and private industry has money.
Somebody said to me that there’s a change over the years in universities. In the past, it was academic pursuit for the sake of expanding science and human wisdom and knowledge. Learning for learning’s sake. Over time, we’ve moved so that universities can or perhaps are even encouraged to help with product development and doing research that will lead to commercialization of products in private industry.
You look at organics or low-input farming, there’s no money in [it]. Nobody with a lot of money has much interest in funding sustainable agriculture.
I’m a little bit surprised at how often the rest of the government is too politicized and pinheaded to actually follow real science. Sometimes the army actually does a really good job there because they have to: they’re realists. They might go to war; they can’t delude themselves into believing what they want to believe instead of believing the actual truth. In terms of global warming, they’re probably looking at the reality that maybe someday we’ll have climate refugees and that could cause some destabilization around the world.
KK: Now that you mention that, I’m recalling a recent World Bank study that found pretty much exactly what you’re saying.
JR: In Cuba, they switched to not all organic, but a lot of their agriculture has a lot of organic. They do a lot of urban agriculture. They’ve built around pesticide use in urban areas because, just common sense, your people are there, so why would you by spraying pesticides in your population center? They came up with a model that they call organipónicos, which is very similar to bio-intensive farming and gardening. It’s really successful so they adopted it out into their country. It was developed within their defense department, because they’re looking at contingencies of what might happen if the U.S. slowly blockaded Cuba.
So it’s not a given that the [U.S.] Department of Defense wouldn’t support sustainable agriculture.
KK: Why do you think the GMO labeling referendum in California failed?
JR: It was because of money. It was tens of millions of dollars from industry. The labeling campaign was outspent.
The fundamental lie that I think really flipped it for them [the opponents of GMO labeling] was they funded a study that concluded that if we have labeling, this will force Californians to spend $400 more per year on groceries. If you read the study, it’s completely bogus.
It was a huge opportunity because it put GMOs in the media. I write a weekly column that’s intended for a very mainstream audience, and my editor won’t let me use the term ‘GMO’—ever—because people don’t know what it is.
People are much more anti-GMO in Europe. In Europe, activists will actually burn the fields of GMOs. It’s happened in several countries; it’s not just a one-off. They have labeling laws
[in Europe]. Europe’s never really adopted GMOs and then had to go about getting them out of their food systems. They just never had them.
KK: How common are GMOs in the U.S. food supply?
JR: They’re pretty ubiquitous.
KK: As one of your articles points out, a peer-reviewed study demonstrates that “articles sponsored exclusively by food/drinks companies were 4-8 times more likely to have conclusions favorable to the financial interests of the sponsoring company than articles which were not sponsored by food or drinks companies.” How cognizant are university faculty of the revolving-door relationship between food corporations and research.
JR: It depends on the person. Not everybody thinks that there’s a problem with that. A woman from Purdue University has gone out and recruited companies. It’s pay-to-play. These food companies pay a bunch of money, and in return, they get access to the student body. They get to give their perspective to the nutrition students.
JR: It depends. I’ve talked to someone who was doing a study on fertilizer. They were being funded by the fertilizer industry. They came up with unfavorable results and they got their grant funding yanked the next day.
One way that I was told that the corporations or the government, whoever is funding the study, can influence the study is that they choose the parameters that are going to be studied. So the study might be, ‘tell us how awesome is our product.’ I’ve heard of a researcher being told by a food corporation, ‘Don’t tell us what’s bad about our product. We don’t want to know. Just tell us what’s good about it.’
You can really easily design a study to look at just the yield, but you’re not going to get data on pollution of groundwater, destruction of biodiversity, loss or topsoil, or whatever else. The data’s going to make it look much more favorable than it was by saying, ‘hey look at what a great [crop] yield you get,’ without talking about the bad things you’ve done. Maybe the next town over now has to pay extra money to clean their drinking water, and people are drinking pesticides and nitrates in their drinking water…that never gets deducted from the value of the crop yield.
KK: Could you talk a little bit about the regulation and safety of cosmetics in the U.S.
JR: The E.U. has a really strict database of things you can’t put in cosmetics. The U.S. doesn’t have that. In the U.S., we tend to have this belief that if there is not foolproof, 100%, complete proof that a chemical is harming people, then we should still be allowed to use it.
KK: It’s almost like the burden of proof is on the consumer.
JR: Chemicals are tested just one at a time. But nobody’s ever exposed to just one chemical. We’re exposed to many chemicals, and they happen to react with one another. The other thing is, we’re all different: our metabolisms are different; we have people with many chemical sensitivities; we have people who are very old and who are only fetuses. I don’t think there’s necessarily a fix for that. I do think that there’s a certain amount of wisdom in saying, there’s some things that we just don’t know about chemicals, and we’re not going to know, so we need to play it safe a little bit. 4/10 Americans will have cancer during their lifetime. Some chemicals are not safe. Period.
KK: What book are you working on right now?
JR: I’m working on a book called Starved for Justice. It is an answer to the people who are calling for a second Green Revolution. The first Green Revolution spread hybrid seeds, plus pesticides, herbicides, irrigation, mechanization, and fertilizer throughout Asia and Latin America—particularly Mexico and India. Africa mostly bypassed this. So there’s a movement right now to have what they’re calling a Second Green Revolution. It includes GMOs, a lot of fertilizer, drip irrigation. It’s largely being funded by the Gates Foundation and the U.S. government. My book is a critique of that.
I traveled to four continents and visited with the most heavy adopters of first Green Revolution technology, as well as people who are doing agroecology (what Americans might call organic). I learned a lot about how Green Revolution technology impacts the people vs. agroecology, and which one is better. What I came up with is that the problem isn’t a lack of food production; we actually produce enough food to feed the world. We have a lack of justice.
If you have some farmer who is an indigenous person in Mexico and centuries ago the Spaniards came and took their ancestors’ land away and relocated them to an hacienda. The hacienda owners basically just let them farm on the crappiest soil, so crappy that they can’t even raise their cattle on it. (When you have really crappy soil, you use it for grazing; you can’t use it for crops. So if it’s too bad even for cattle, then it’s really bad.) Often you’ll have an enormous plantation on very good, alluvial, flat soil, and then nearby on a steep hillside, you have many poor indigenous people with tiny little plots. This isn’t the problem of having the wrong agricultural technological. It’s not fair that this guy’s ancestors got their land stolen from them and they’re still struggling to grow food on this terrible soil.
What you had in Mexico, and still have, is that when things get so unequal, it causes major societal disruption. People will rise up and take what they think is rightfully theirs. So in the case of the Zapatistas in Mexico, in 1994 they had an uprising and took a whole lot of land back for themselves. It was not done in an organized fashion. It was not done in a fair fashion. If you compare that to land reforms that have been done in Japan by the U.S. following WWII, you can do it in a much more fair, organized way, in which the people who are losing their land are compensated before you wind up with social disorder and revolution.
It’s obvious and indisputable that sustainable agriculture is the only way that you can put power back into the hands of the poor peasants in developing countries. I was in Kenya, and I would ask people who had recently gone organic, how has this impacted your life? What’s different now? I thought they were going to say things like, ‘I have less pests.’ But they were saying, ‘I’ve never made so much money. I’m making so much money. I bought a water pump for the first time in my life. I no longer have to carry buckets of water up the hill.’ Or, ‘my kid’s going to school for the first ever, because we have so much of such a great crop that I can afford to send them to school for the first time.’
The other cool thing about organics is that it’s knowledge-based, instead of being capital-based. Knowledge is free. So you see these little villages where one guy goes organic, he starts doing well, and the neighbors come over asking how he’s doing so well. He goes, ‘I’m doing this organic thing, let me show you how to do it.’ The neighbors adopt it, then their neighbors, cousins…
That’s very different from even so-called sustainable technologies, like drip irrigation. The U.S. government is out there, providing free drip irrigation to select farmers. That’s really good—for those farmers. If you’re not on that list, it doesn’t benefit you. But if your neighbor learned how to farm organically, that’s knowledge that’s free.
Ken Klippenstein lives in Madison, Wisconsin, where he edits the left issues website, whiterosereader.org, in which this interview originally appeared.
|
<urn:uuid:8e3f3ee4-2b5d-4177-b84c-a7aac438f97a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/01/11/time-for-an-organic-spring/print
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.971298
| 2,573
| 2.078125
| 2
|
As Southeast Asia’s largest super app that connects millions of consumers to millions of drivers, merchants, and businesses, Grab has had to deal with the challenges of ensuring the safety of its users while deterring fraudsters from profiteering from its platform.
To address the challenges, Wui Ngiap Foo, Grab’s head of integrity, an area that spans user trust, identity and access management, safety, product security, and financial risk, said the company has designed a plethora of features in its app, starting with facial recognition checks before a ride begins.
Speaking at a recent media briefing, Foo said Grab drivers are required to take selfies, which are matched against their registration records. This helps to deter unregistered drivers from using another driver’s account, and additional selfies may be required to deter drivers from passing their phones to another driver.
The Grab driver’s app will also conduct a “liveliness check” on selfies by requiring drivers to perform gestures such as nodding, so using a photo of the driver in place of a selfie would not pass the test.
Foo said the selfie feature has been successful in preventing unregistered drivers from coming onboard, renting of driver accounts to groups of drivers sharing the same vehicle and even the sale of driver accounts on the black market.
Grab has also rolled out the selfie feature for passengers in Malaysia, where it is legally required to verify the identity of passengers. It plans to introduce the same feature in Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam.
But as Grab’s passenger base is much larger than that of its drivers, selfies are only required if a user has not logged on to the service for 90 days. This has deterred bad actors such as drug peddlers from using Grab for illegal activities.
Amid the Covid-19 pandemic, where mask wearing has become the norm across Southeast Asia, these measures could add more friction to the user experience, since drivers and passengers would have to remove their masks and put them on again after the verification process is completed.
This challenge was posed to Grab’s data science team which has since developed various artificial intelligence (AI) models that can now perform facial recognition in different lighting conditions, even if a person has a mask on, with an accuracy rate of 99.5%.
The company is now planning to enhance its facial recognition feature, by interpreting how light reflects off a person’s facial features to ascertain if the person is real without requiring gestures, Foo said.
Grab has also applied its AI capabilities in its messaging system that facilitates communication between drivers and passengers. Using natural language processing, it has been able to detect and filter out abusive language, as well as phishing, fraud-related and sexual messages, Foo said.
During a ride, trip monitoring technology is used to track deviations from the planned route, as well as unplanned stops that will trigger a notification on the passenger’s app to check if he or she is fine.
Using telemetric data, the technology is being improved to detect crashes which could trigger an emergency call for an ambulance to be despatched. “Or, if a ride terminated too fast or too late, we want to know what’s going on and make sure the driver and passenger are safe,” he said.
Grab also sends drivers safety reports to educate them about their driving behaviour in a bid to improve service quality. “Rides with higher frequencies of harsh braking, cornering or speeding usually receive a lower rating from passengers. We feed those insights to drivers so they can get better,” said Foo.
Read more about IT in ASEAN
- Malaysia’s AmBank Group is tapping open source, DevOps and data science to improve customer service and develop bespoke services for a broader market.
- Indonesian e-commerce giant Tokopedia has improved incident management and developer productivity using a cloud-based incident management tool.
- Bank Mandiri has built a big data platform to track transactions and monitor the health of its workforce, among other big data analytics initiatives.
- Singapore’s SingEx started its digital transformation journey a few years ago and has already pivoted its approach to cope with new challenges brought on by the Covid-19 pandemic.
But in developing markets like Indonesia, Thailand and Vietnam, Grab’s fleet of motorcycles are more often used by commuters, prompting the company to invest heavily in telemetry for two-wheelers, which is not well-researched.
“We have access to massive amounts of telemetric data, but bikes take small roads, go up kerbs, and swerve onto storefronts, so trying to predict driving risk is not easy.”
Besides facilitating services in the physical world, Grab has started offering digital services, notably financial services including loans, mobile payments, insurance and investments, making it a target for cyber criminals who have used social engineering and phishing websites to trick Grab users into revealing their passwords.
In summing up Grab’s approach in protecting users, Foo said the company, which has worked closely with law enforcement agencies to bust criminal syndicates, not only invests in technology, but also in user awareness and education.
“We invest a ton in AI and machine learning, because we believe that’s the only way to keep up with the sheer volume of attacks and fraud,” said Foo. “We’re betting very aggressively on the fact that AI is going to be one of our major tools to combat safety incidents, both online and offline.”
|
<urn:uuid:a26d96db-631d-4aae-a01f-bdd32a1ce7fe>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.computerweekly.com/news/252492780/How-Grab-is-using-technology-to-improve-trust-and-safety
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00076.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963916
| 1,152
| 1.671875
| 2
|
In a country where written history is lean and almost non-existent, the government made a good effort and set up a National Archives to cater for the few historic documents accumulated during and after the colonial era.
To educate on how rich and vital this establishment is to the nation’s history, at the reception of the National Archives in Enugu, a banner on display says the Nigerian Archives: “Holds over 9,000 linear metre of records. Holds official records from 18th century to date.
Log in to leave a comment. Sign In / Sign Up
|
<urn:uuid:3668701c-719c-4470-b5f5-346ed907e61d>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://en.geneanet.org/genealogyblog/post/2011/04/nigeria-archives-in-need-of-modernity-html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.945265
| 117
| 2.34375
| 2
|
US meat production reaches record high
Total red meat production in the US reached a record 47.7 billion pounds
(21.68 million tonnes) in 2006, up 4% year-on-year, according to a report from
the US Department of Agriculture.
The Livestock slaughter summary 2006 report showed that beef production
reached 26.3bn lbs (11.95mt) over last year, up 6% year-on-year, while veal
production reached just 155m lbs (70 400t), down 6% year-on-year. Meanwhile,
pork production reached 21.1bn lbs (9.59mt), up 2% year-on-year, while lamb and
mutton production fell 1% on 2005 levels to 190m lbs (86 360t).
The state of Nebraska has retained its title as the top red-meat
producing state in the US, producing around 15% of all red meat in the US, the
USDA data revealed. The states of Iowa and Kansas followed, producing 13.7% and
12.9% respectively, while output in Texas, the fourth-largest meat producing
state accounted for 10.4%.
To subscribe to the free PigProgress.net
To comment, login here
Or register to be able to comment.
|
<urn:uuid:172e5780-2333-49ff-93e1-c737ae6bcfd2>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.pigprogress.net/Home/General/2007/3/US-meat-production-reaches-record-high-PP000460W/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898451
| 273
| 2.28125
| 2
|
The tension that exists today between Muslims and Jews is not an entirely modern phenomenon. Muhammad came into conflict with the Jewish tribes of his time, and this conflict ended in tragedy. Throughout the history of Islam Muhammad's anti-Jewish sentiments, preserved in the Qur'an and Hadith, have affected relations between Muslims and Jews. Today anti-Semitism reverberates throughout the Muslim world with an intensity not seen since the time of Hitler. Muhammad's own teachings are often used to justify it.
Apologists for Islam traditionally blame the Jews for their troubled relations with Muhammad, accusing the Jews of colluding with Muhammad's enemies. The truth is hardly that simple. Even the early Arabic sources, clearly biased in favor of Muhammad, tell a story that puts Muhammad's actions in question. We will look at these sources to understand the roots of this Muslim-Jewish tension.
When the Jewish leaders of Medina first heard of the coming of a prophet preaching belief in one God, they were intrigued. They did not immediately accept or reject him, but they wanted to know more (Ibn Ishaq, 192). Relations began to deteriorate as the Jews discovered Muhammad was not very familiar with their scriptures and traditions. The rabbis would taunt him with questions he could not answer (Ibn Ishaq, 351).
The Jews' rejection of Muhammad's message must have disappointed him greatly. He saw himself preaching the same monotheism to which the Jews subscribed - why then wouldn't they accept him as a prophet? To establish his affinity with the Jews, he borrowed some Jewish practices and prescribed them to his followers. Muslims were to meet for prayer on Friday afternoon as Jews prepare for the sabbath, they were to face Jerusalem in prayer as Jews do, they were to observe some of the Jewish dietary laws, as well as the fast on the Day of Atonement. Muslims called this the fast of Ashura, meaning "tenth," since the Day of Atonement falls on the tenth of the Jewish month of Tishri. When the Jews rejected his prophecy in spite of these practices, Muhammad changed them, and fixed the qibla (direction of prayer) to Mecca in place of Jerusalem.
At that time there were three Jewish tribes in Medina; the first to be discussed were the Bani Qaynuqa. In his dealings with them, Muhammad's aspirations to be accepted as a Jewish prophet as well as his frustration and anger became very apparent.
After the battle of Badr, Muhammad called the Bani Qaynuqa to assemble in the marketplace. He demanded the Jews accept him as their prophet, he threatened them, and they responded with defiance:
The apostle assembled them in their market and addressed them as follows: "O Jews, beware lest God bring upon you the vengeance that He brought upon Quraysh and become Muslims. You know that I am a prophet who has been sent - you will find that in your scriptures and God's covenant with you." They replied, "O Muhammad, you seem to think that we are your people. Do not deceive yourself because you encountered a people with no knowledge of war and got the better of them; for by God if we fight you, you will find that we are real men!" (Ibn Ishaq, 545)
Muhammad is then said to have received the following revelation:
Say to those who disbelieve: "You will be vanquished and gathered to Hell, an evil resting place. You have already had a sign in the two forces which met"; i.e. the apostle's companions at Badr and the Quraysh. "One force fought in the way of God; the other, disbelievers, thought they saw double their own force with their very eyes. God strengthens with His help whom He will. Verily in that is an example for the discerning." (Ibn Ishaq, 545; Qur'an, 3:12-13)
At this point Ibn Hisham inserts the following incident into Ibn Ishaq's narrative:
The cause of the Qaynuqa affair was that an Arab woman had come with some merchandise to the market of the Bani Qaynuqa. She sat down next to a goldsmith there. Then they began urging her to unveil her face, which she refused. The goldsmith moved close to the hem of her garment and tied it behind her back. When she got up her [privates] were exposed. They laughed at her, and she screamed. Then a Muslim jumped upon the goldsmith who was Jewish and killed him. Then the Jews overwhelmed the Muslim and killed him. The family of the slain Muslim called upon their coreligionists for help against the Jews. The Muslims were furious, and thus there was bad blood created between them and the Bani Qaynuqa. (1)
Watt (130) questions historicity of this incident:
Little credence need be given to the story of the trick, for it also appears in legends of pre-Islamic Arabia; but there may well have been some quarrel between Muslims and Jews. The deeper reason for Muhammad's action, however, are obvious. The Jews were not prepared to become full members of the Islamic community, and therefore he had broken with them. They still had agreements of some sort with him, but he would be on the look-out to take advantage of any failure to fulfil the letter of the agreements. This is presumably what happened here.
Whether or not the incident is historical, its inclusion shows the biographer's need to provide a pretext for Muhammad's actions against the Qaynuqa. Muhammad besieged them and in two weeks forced them to surrender unconditionally - at best, an act of collective punishment. He would have killed them all, but spared their lives only at the behest of the leader of a neighboring Arab tribe, who pleaded on their behalf (Ibn Ishaq, 546). Muhammad then exiled the Bani Qaynuqa from Medina, eventually driving them out of Arabia completely.
By eliminating one community of nonbelievers Muhammad further strengthened his position. But he was not yet finished.
Tensions had been growing between Muhammad and the Jewish tribes of Medina. While the Arab tribes were gradually being drawn to Islam, the Jews, already having a monotheistic faith and feeling no need for another prophet, held out. This weakened the ties between the Jews and those Arab tribes with which they were allied. Also, as we have seen, Muhammad began to threaten the Jews once they failed to show enthusiasm for Islam. Because of these developments the Jews felt isolated and endangered, and their sympathies naturally began to incline towards Muhammad's Meccan enemies.
Muhammad's harsh treatment of the Bani Qaynuqa must have alarmed the other Jewish tribes. Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, a leader and poet of the Bani Nadir, composed verses lamenting the Meccan defeat at Badr and satirizing Muhammad. This enraged Muhammad, so he had Ka'b assassinated, telling the killers it would be OK to lie in order to gain the confidence of their victim. (The story is recounted in Ibn Ishaq 550-51 and also in the Hadith, Sahih Bukhari, 5:59:369.)
The final showdown between Muhammad and the Bani Nadir unfolded in a rather strange way. The narrative is long and somewhat confusing, but the result was that a follower of Muhammad killed two men of the tribe of Amir in a case of mistaken identity. So Muhammad had to pay blood money to the tribe of Amir for the lives of these two men. He agreed to do so both to avoid a vendetta and in hopes of winning the Amir tribe to Islam.
Muhammad now had to raise the money for the blood payment. He went to the Bani Nadir to get them to pay a part of it. He felt that the Jewish tribe should contribute because it had an alliance with the Bani Amir, and also because of the mutual defense pact that Muhammad had imposed on the tribes of Medina.
Muhammad's demands rested on very shaky ground. The Bani Amir were the tribe that his follower had wronged, and so their ally the Bani Nadir could not in justice be held liable. Furthermore, according to the pact that Muhammad himself had written, "The Jews must bear their expenses and the Muslims their expenses," and "A man is not liable for his ally's misdeeds" (Ibn Ishaq, 343). Muhammad thus had no basis for requiring the Bani Nadir to contribute. And in any case, Muhammad's murder of Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf, for which he paid no blood money, effectively annulled any treaty between himself and the Bani Nadir. The Bani Nadir thus most likely regarded Muhammad's approach, with good reason, as an attempt at extortion.
Perhaps not really knowing what to do, the Jews signaled their agreement, then asked Muhammad to wait with his delegation while they prepared a meal. Meanwhile Muhammad excused himself and left the house. His companions went looking for him, and when they found him he told them an angel had revealed to him that the Bani Nadir were plotting to kill him. He then sent the Bani Nadir an ultimatum, demanding that they all leave the country within ten days or else be beheaded (Lings, 202). One hadith provides a direct quote:
Narrated Abu Huraira: While we were in the mosque, Allah's Apostle came out and said, "Let us proceed to the Jews." So we went out with him till we came to Bait-al-Midras. The Prophet stood up there and called them, saying, "O assembly of Jews! Surrender to Allah (embrace Islam) and you will be safe!" They said, "You have conveyed Allah's message, O Aba-al-Qasim" Allah's Apostle then said to them, "That is what I want; embrace Islam and you will be safe." They said, "You have conveyed the message, O Aba-al-Qasim." Allah's Apostle then said to them, "That is what I want," and repeated his words for the third time and added, "Know that the earth is for Allah and I want to exile you from this land, so whoever among you has property he should sell it, otherwise, know that the land is for Allah and His Apostle." (Sahih Bukhari, 9:92:447)
Muhammad's accusation of a plot to assassinate him seems an obvious fabrication. Muhammad claimed that a member of the Jewish tribe was planning to climb to the top of a house and drop a heavy stone on his head. Ali Sina makes a telling point:
If these Jews really wanted to kill Muhammad, couldn't they easily capture and kill him along with his companions? Why drop a stone when he and his companions were already in their hands? (2)
Muhammad's motivation was most likely not revenge for an alleged assassination plot. Enmity was increasing between the Muslims and the Jews, Muhammad had murdered the poet of the Bani Nadir, and might well expect them to retaliate. The hadith just quoted supplies another motive as well: Muhammad wanted Arabia only for Muslims.
And so Muhammad laid siege to the Bani Nadir, who held out in their forts as long as they could. Help expected from allied tribes never came - their members had already embraced Islam, or were intimidated by Muhammad. Finally when Muhammad cut down the palm trees of the Bani Nadir and burned them, their courage dissolved. They surrendered and Muhammad forced them into exile, then divided their property between himself and his followers.
The Qur'an attaches religious significance to these events:
Whatever is in the heavens and on earth, let it declare the Praises and Glory of Allah: for He is the Exalted in Might, the Wise. It is He Who got out the Unbelievers among the People of the Book from their homes at the first gathering (of the forces). Little did ye think that they would get out: And they thought that their fortresses would defend them from Allah! But the (Wrath of) Allah came to them from quarters from which they little expected (it), and cast terror into their hearts, so that they destroyed their dwellings by their own hands and the hands of the Believers, take warning, then, O ye with eyes (to see)! And had it not been that Allah had decreed banishment for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world: And in the Hereafter they shall (certainly) have the Punishment of the Fire. That is because they resisted Allah and His Messenger: and if any one resists Allah, verily Allah is severe in Punishment. Whether ye cut down (O ye Muslim!) The tender palm-trees, or ye left them standing on their roots, it was by leave of Allah, and in order that He might cover with shame the rebellious transgressors. (59:1-5)
The chilling vindictiveness of Allah called down upon the Bani Nadir, in this world and in the world to come, places on this episode the stamp of jihad.
Muhammad's dealings with the Jewish tribe of Quraiza may well be the most controversial episode of his career. A number of writers have defended Muhammad's actions against the Jewish tribe, claiming that the Jews betrayed him by supporting his enemies during the crucial Battle of the Trench. Once again, a careful examination of the sources will show that the truth is not that simple. Whether or not one questions the sources' authenticity, one cannot question that they portray Muhammad as Islamic tradition understands him, the supreme example of the Muslim ideal. The conduct of Muhammad as reported in the sources cannot be separated from the values of Islam; in fact, it is an important source of those values.
After having defeated the Meccans at Badr, Muhammad knew that eventually a reprisal would come. The Meccans had to restore their prestige, as well as defend their tribal honor. Muhammad continued to attack their caravans, and the Meccans could not allow it to continue. Their leader Abu Sufyan mobilized his forces and set out against Muhammad at what became known as the Battle of Uhud. He was not totally victorious against the Muslims, but he did inflict a major if temporary setback. Muhammad recovered and increased the scope of his raids.
Finally Abu Sufyan resolved to make an end of Muhammad once and for all. He raised a large army and set out to lay siege to Medina. Muhammad prepared by digging a huge trench around the vulnerable areas of Medina's perimeter. This effectively stopped the Meccans, who greatly depended on their cavalry, now rendered useless. The Meccan tribes gave up and went their separate ways. Greatly humiliated, they never again posed a serious challenge to the Muslims.
We now come to the role of the Jews of Quraiza. The following reconstruction is based exclusively on the Arabic sources. Admittedly these sources are biased against the Jews; but even so they allow an unflattering evaluation of Muhammad's response.
As the two sides prepared for battle, the Bani Quraiza wanted to remain neutral, but after strong and unrelenting pressure from the chief of the exiled Bani Nadir, Ka'b ibn Asad, the head of the the Bani Qurayza, decided to support the Meccan coalition. Through his intelligence sources Muhammad found this out, so he devised a clever plan to neutralize the support from Quraiza. He sent an infiltrator to sow dissension between Quraiza and the Meccans, leading each to suspect a sellout by the other. Thus when the time of battle arrived and the Meccans approached Quraiza for aid, the latter refused, asking for a sign of trust the Meccans were unwilling to give (Ibn Ishaq, 682). And so help from Quraiza, which might have been decisive, never came.
When Muhammad sent this infiltrator he made his often-quoted statement that "war is deception" (Ibn Ishaq, 681). Those words have been used for centuries to justify lying by Muslims in the name of jihad.
When Muhammad returned from battle, he received an angelic revelation directing him to attack the Jews:
When the Prophet returned from Al-Khandaq (i.e. Trench) and laid down his arms and took a bath, Gabriel came and said (to the Prophet ), "You have laid down your arms? By Allah, we angels have not laid them down yet. So set out for them." The Prophet said, "Where to go?" Gabriel said, "Towards this side," pointing towards Banu Quraiza. So the Prophet went out towards them. (Sahi Bukhari, 5:59:443; parallel in Ibn Ishaq, 684)
Muhammad marched against the Quraiza and besieged them for 25 days. The Quraiza, desperate and terrified, knew they had run out of options. They asked Muhammad to send them Abu Lubaba of the tribe of Aws, a tribe with which the Quraiza had formerly been allied. Even though many of the Aws had now become Muslims, they and the Quraiza had once been friends, and the Quraiza needed someone to turn to for advice.
Then they sent to the apostle saying, "Send us Abu Lubaba... That we may consult him." So the apostle sent him to them, and when they saw him they got up to meet him. The women and children went up to him weeping in his face, and he felt sorry for them. They said, "Oh Abu Lubaba, do you think that we should submit to Muhammad's judgment?" He said, "Yes," and pointed with his hand to his throat, signifying slaughter. (Ibn Ishaq, 686)
The next morning the Quraiza surrendered. The tribesmen of Aws approached Muhammad to intercede on their behalf, pleading for leniency. Muhammad then asked them if they would be satisfied if one of their own might make the determination of Quraiza's fate. The Aws enthusiastically agreed. Muhammad then chose Sa'd ibn Mu'adh, one of their leaders.
The choice of Sa'd was significant, and hardly accidental. Sa'd had a well-known reputation for being both extremely ruthless and an enemy of the Jews. At the battle of Badr he objected when he saw some of Muhammad's men holding some enemy prisoners, and he told Muhammad: "It is the first defeat that God has brought on the infidel and I would rather see them slaughtered than left alive" (Ibn Ishaq, 446). And when Sa'd was seriously wounded at the Battle of Badr he said, "O God, seeing that you have appointed war between us and them grant me martyrdom and do not let me die until I have seen my desire upon B. Qurayza" (Ibn Ishaq, 679). Elsewhere Sa'd is described as "a man of hasty temper" (Ibn Ishaq, 675).
Muhammad surely knew all this about Sa'd, and this must have figured into his choice. A hadith tells us what happened next:
When the tribe of Bani Quraiza was ready to accept Sad's judgment, Allah's Apostle sent for Sad who was near to him. Sad came, riding a donkey and when he came near, Allah's Apostle said (to the Ansar), "Stand up for your leader." Then Sad came and sat beside Allah's Apostle who said to him. "These people are ready to accept your judgment." Sad said, "I give the judgment that their warriors should be killed and their children and women should be taken as prisoners." The Prophet then remarked, "O Sad! You have judged amongst them with (or similar to) the judgment of the King Allah." (Sahih Bukhari, 4:52:280)
In the corresponding place in Ibn Ishaq (689) Muhammad says to Sa'd: "You have given the judgment of Allah above the seven heavens." Clearly Muhammad is pleased. This is the outcome he wanted and expected. And this should come as no surprise. Muhammad wanted to do the same to the other two Jewish tribes, but was restrained and settled for exiling them.
Concerning the Bani Qaynuqa, we read:
'Abdullah b. Ubayy b. Salul [of the tribe of Khazraj in Medina] went to him when God had put them [the Qaynuqa] in his power and said, "O Muhammad, deal kindly with my clients" (now they were allies of Khazraj), but the apostle put him off. He repeated the words, and the apostle turned away from him, whereupon he thrust his hand into the collar of the apostle's robe; the apostle was so angry that his face became almost black. He said, "Confound you, let me go." He answered, "No, by God, I will not let you go until you deal kindly with my clients. Four hundred men without mail and three hundred mailed protected me from all mine enemies; would you cut them down in one morning? By God, I am a man who fears that circumstances may change." The apostle said, "You can have them." (Ibn Ishaq, 546)
Concerning the Bani Nadir, we have already quoted from the Qur'an above:
And had it not been that Allah had decreed banishment for them, He would certainly have punished them in this world. (59:3)
Ibn Ishaq (654) takes "punished them in this world" to mean "with the sword." In other words, the Bani Nadir, like the Bani Qaynuqa, got off easy, something not to be repeated with the Quraiza.
This time Muhammad obtained an endorsement of his murderous intent from someone known to be hostile toward the Jews, yet from a tribe formerly allied to them, the Aws, thus making impossible any further protest by members of that tribe.
Muhammad went to the market in Medina and dug trenches. Then the men of Quraiza were brought out in batches, and Muhammad and his followers cut off their heads. According to Ibn Ishaq (690), the number of dead ranged between 600 and 900. Afterwards Muhammad divided their property, their women, and their children among his followers.
A number of ahadith supply additional details. How did Muhammad distinguish the adult males, who would be executed, from the children, whose lives would be spared?
Narrated Atiyyah al-Qurazi: I was among the captives of Banu Qurayzah. They (the Companions) examined us, and those who had begun to grow hair (pubes) were killed, and those who had not were not killed. I was among those who had not grown hair. (Sunan Abu Dawud, 38:4390)
"Adult" males marked for death could be very young indeed.
The following hadith is one of the most widely quoted even today to justify anti-Semitic hatred:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The last hour would not come unless the Muslims will fight against the Jews and the Muslims would kill them until the Jews would hide themselves behind a stone or a tree and a stone or a tree would say: Muslim, or the servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me; come and kill him; but the tree Gharqad would not say, for it is the tree of the Jews. (Sahih Muslim, 41:6985; see also 41:6981-84 and Sahih Bukhari, 4:52:176,177 and 4:56:791)
How do we evaluate this material? Many have tried to justify Muhammad's actions: Seventh-century Arabia was a tough neighborhood. Tribal vengeance was common. Members of different tribes had no responsibilities towards each other. Had Muhammad allowed the Quraiza to live, they would have continued to be a threat to him.
Even Karen Armstrong, who takes great pains to justify everything Muhammad did, can hardly keep from showing her revulsion:
It is probably impossible for us to dissociate this story from Nazi atrocities and it will inevitably alienate people irrevocably from Muhammad. But Western scholars like Maxime Rodinson and W. Montgomery Watt argue that it is not correct to judge the incident by twentieth-century standards. This was a very primitive society - far more primitive than the Jewish society in which Jesus had lived and promulgated his gospel of mercy and love some 600 years earlier. At this stage the Arabs had no concept of a universal natural law, which is difficult - perhaps impossible - for people to attain unless there is a modicum of public order, such as that imposed by a great empire in the ancient world. (3)
This is quite astonishing. Muhammad, held up as a great spiritual leader and founder of a great religion, is to be judged by the standard of his time, as a member of "a very primitive society" which knew no "universal natural law" but only the law of the jungle. The great spiritual figures of other religious traditions were conciliators. Muhammad made no attempts at conciliation, except when it was politically expedient. In general he demanded that others convert to Islam and recognize him as a prophet; otherwise he fought them ruthlessly. Those who refused were not approached with peace and tolerance but preemptively eliminated. Muhammad was a man of extreme vengeance and cruelty, quite the antithesis of Jesus, whom Armstrong uses for comparison. To justify his actions is to defend religious values totally incompatible with those we cherish in the West.
Even though Armstrong mentions W. Montgomery Watt, his assessment is more balanced:
So much must be said in fairness to Muhammad when he is measured against the Arabs of his time. Muslims, however, claim that he is a model of conduct and character for all mankind. In so doing they present him for judgment according to the standards of enlightened world opinion. (4)
This is the real question. Muhammad undoubtedly was a gifted, even brilliant military leader and statesman. But do those qualities make him an outstanding spiritual leader, to be admired and imitated even today?
Muslim writers often fail to judge Muhammad by a uniform standard. They condemn the Quraiza for their "treachery," but this is unfair even by the standards of Muhammad's own time. The Quraiza had every reason to distrust and to oppose Muhammad. He had previously exiled Medina's other two Jewish tribes. Why should the Quraiza have expected to be treated any better? Why should they not have tried to resist him? By remaining faithful to their own religion, they stood in the way of Muhammad's vision of a unified Arabia under Islam. It is hypocritical to defend Muhammad's tribalism while blaming the Quraiza for theirs.
The fact is that the Quraiza inflicted no damage on Muhammad. He had effectively neutralized their opposition, and they refused to cooperate with the Meccans against Muhammad. One hadith from the respected collection of Imam Ahmad (d. 855) reports:
Abu Sufyan said, "O ye people of Quraysh, by Allah your [current] dwelling isn't a place to be dwelled in; the horses [and camels, mules, etc..] have died, Bani Quraytha has turned us down - we received from them what we don't like, and this wind is giving us what you see [a hard time]. By Allah, our cauldrons aren't standing, the fires aren't lasting, and the structures aren't holding. So retreat for I am retreating." (Musnad Ahmad, 22823 [parallel in Ibn Ishaq, 683])
The Bani Quraiza never did give active support to the Meccans at the Battle of the Trench. Nevertheless, they were punished severely. Instead of being exiled, as were the Bani Qaynuqa and Bani Nadir, they were executed, in a tribal conflict in which Muhammad cannot be said to have held any moral advantage. Yes, everybody did it, that is what Arabia was like in those days. Members of rival tribes attacked each other all the time, and no tribe was morally superior to another. While Arabian society had no legal system similar to what we have today, it did have a respected custom of blood-guilt. Those who drew blood from another tribe were responsible for making it up, either in blood or in kind. One did not respond to an offense by liquidating the whole tribe. Such collective punishment is even prohibited by the Qur'an: "Every soul draws the meed of its acts on none but itself: no bearer of burdens can bear the burden of another" (6:164).
In intent and in action, Muhammad was a mass murderer. He engaged in the practice of beheading his enemies, as do some of today's terrorists who claim to follow him. Today we have a name for forced large-scale exile. We call it ethnic cleansing. We have a name for the extermination of an entire tribe. We call it genocide.
In a weakly argued and logically flawed piece, W. N. Arafat tries to show that the massacre of the Quraiza never took place (5). Even if he is correct, the point is moot. The Muhammad whom Islam has venerated for centuries is the Muhammad who carried out this mass murder. And he is a man whom Muslims are asked to imitate, a model for humanity. What kind of a world would it be if the values that guided him, the values of seventh-century Arabia, were to prevail and become universal? If one defends Muhammad as both a great spiritual leader and a man of his time, then one makes his time normative for our time.
As Muhammad's power grew, so did his ambition. His mission became the unification of the Arab tribes under one faith, as a nation strong enough to challenge even the great empires. There was no room in this new nation for those who would not accept his prophecy. This meant in particular the Jews, since they were the major holdouts - even the Meccan tribes eventually adopted Islam. Any continuing organized Jewish presence in Arabia was a threat to Muhammad's vision, and so had to be eliminated.
Thus some time after his defeat of the Jewish tribes of Medina, shortly after the Treaty of Hudaybiyya, Muhammad marched against the rich Jewish settlement of Khaybar. In addition to his religious mission, Muhammad was motivated by desire for the Jews' wealth. He had one custodian of the treasury tortured and beheaded for not revealing where it was (Ibn Ishaq, 764). Muhammad besieged the forts of Khaybar, defeated the Jews, and took their property. He allowed the Jews to continue to cultivate the land, which the Muslims now owned, and demanded that half the produce be given to the Muslims - a severe application of the jizya tax.
Because of his talents and accomplishments, Muhammad deserves a place among the great influential figures of history. But one must search one's own conscience asking the question: Are these the same qualities one would revere in a great spiritual leader?
Peace with Realism
|
<urn:uuid:59712cef-1656-4a6c-8734-dcd998d1524f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.peacewithrealism.org/jihad/jihad06.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982334
| 6,498
| 3.875
| 4
|
Clear, Sharp And Properly Exposed: How A Photo Made A Career
As part of a new series called "My Big Break," All Things Considered is collecting stories of triumph, big and small. These are the moments when everything seems to click, and people leap forward into their careers.
On Jan. 18, 1990, Washington, D.C., Mayor Marion Barry was arrested for possession and use of crack cocaine in a hotel room during an FBI sting.
Meanwhile, at The Washington Post, intern Bill O'Leary was waiting for his first real assignment.
"I had been administrative staff at the Post. It's pretty much clerical, background work. And I was anxious to get out on the street with a camera," he tells NPR's Arun Rath. "An editor comes running in and says, 'There's a rumor that the Mayor has been arrested.' For this to be happening was a monstrous local story."
Staff photographers were quickly dispatched to the FBI office at Buzzard's Point to cover the developing story. Two people were left behind.
"Just me and one of the older photographers who had been going through a divorce and had asked for light duty," O'Leary says.
Their editor sent them to Barry's house as backup in case the other photographers missed him.
Shortly after O'Leary and his colleague arrived at his home, an FBI SUV pulled up and four men exited the vehicle. One of the individuals was Mayor Marion Barry.
O'Leary raised his camera to take a picture, but an FBI agent got in his way and started to push him back. But then a competitor for Channel 4 News started running up, shouting questions at the mayor. The agent turned toward the commotion.
"At that instant, I get off this one picture — BAM! — with a punch flash, direct strobe, hideous in the middle of the night," he says.
O'Leary rushed back to the office and developed the photo in the darkroom.
"I finally start to unwheel it from the spool, hold it up to a light box, and there it is. It's clear, it's sharp, it's properly exposed, and it's the mayor," he says.
It was the lead picture in the Jan. 19 issue of The Washington Post.
"It was magic," O'Leary says. "That was my big break."
Source: NPR [http://www.npr.org/2014/01/19/263788752/clear-sharp-and-properly-exposed-how-a-photo-made-a-career?ft=3&f=1003,1004,1007,1013,1014,1017,1019,1128]
|
<urn:uuid:b879dd8e-c400-43c7-a051-8ca46f6b34ce>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.kqed.org/news/story/2014/01/19/132866/clear_sharp_and_properly_exposed_how_a_photo_made_a_career?category=u.s
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00226-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982978
| 574
| 1.695313
| 2
|
Presentation on theme: "1 Model Academic Curriculum Module 4 The SARA Process Scanning, Analysis, Response, & Assessment."— Presentation transcript:
1 Model Academic Curriculum Module 4 The SARA Process Scanning, Analysis, Response, & Assessment
2 Module 4 Topics The SARA Process Problem Solving Case Studies
3 The SARA Process S CANNING A NALYSIS R ESPONSE A SSESSMENT
4 Scanning Identifying recurring problems Prioritizing the problems Developing broad goals Confirming that the problems exist Determining how often the problem occurs and how long it has been a concern Selecting problems for closer examination
5 Methods of Identifying Problems Analyzing calls for service, crime data and agency records for patterns and trends involving repeat locations, victims and offenders Mapping specific crimes by time of day, proximity to locations, and other similar factors Consulting officers, supervisors, detectives, mid- level managers and command staff
6 Methods of Identifying Problems Reviewing police reports Surveying the community Reviewing citizen complaints Participating in community meetings Reviewing information from neighborhood associations and nonprofit organizations Consulting social service/governmental agencies Following media coverage and editorials
7 Identifying Stakeholders Local service/government agencies with jurisdiction or an interest in the problem. Victims of the problem, and/or associations representing victims Neighbors, coworkers, friends and relatives of victims or neighborhood residents affected by the problem
8 Identifying Stakeholders Agencies or people that have some control over offenders Commercial establishments adversely impacted by the crime or disorder problem National organizations or trade associations with an interest in the problem.
9 In Class Exercise Identify and make a list of stakeholders for the following types of crimes/problems: –Speeding in residential neighborhoods –Vandalism in and around schools –Sexual assaults on college campuses –Loitering around bus terminals –Drug dealing in public housing areas –Burglaries of local businesses
10 Analysis Identifying and understanding events and conditions that precede and accompany the problem Identifying relevant data to collect Researching what is known about the problem type Taking inventory of how the problem is being addressed and any strengths/limitations of the current response
11 Analysis Narrowing the scope of the problem Identifying resources that may be of assistance in developing a deeper understanding of the problem Developing a working hypothesis about why the problem is occurring; is it really occurring??
12 Reasons Why Analysis is Sometimes Overlooked/Skipped The nature of the problem sometimes falsely appears obvious at first glance There may be some tremendous internal and external pressure to solve the problem immediately. The pressure of responding to calls does not seem to allow for time for detailed inquiries into the nature of the problem.
13 Reasons Why Analysis is Sometimes Overlooked/Skipped Investigating/researching the problem does not seem like real police work Supervisors may not value analytical work that takes time but does not produce arrests, citations or other traditional measures of police work. In many communities a strong commitment to the old ways of handling problems prevents looking at the problem in different ways.
14 Resources for Analyzing Problems Depends on the problem, but here are some general examples of resources: –Crime analysts –Crime analysis/report-writing software –Mapping/geographic information systems –Technical assistance –Resident/business surveys –Crime environment surveys –Interviews with victims and offenders –Systems for tracking repeat victimization –Training –Laptop computers –Modems/online services
15 Response Brainstorming for new interventions Searching for what other communities with similar problems have done Choosing among the alternative interventions Outlining a response plan and identifying responsible parties Stating the specific objectives for the response plan Carrying out the planned activities
16 Response Reminders The responses should be directly linked to the results of your analyses Try not to limit responses to the police. Other agencies may need to be involved and take some responsibility Responses should be manageable given the resources, available time, and urgency in solving the problem A variety of potential responses may be more effective than a single response in some situations.
17 Assessment Collecting pre- and post-response qualitative and quantitative data Process Evaluation –Determining whether the plan was implemented –Determining whether broad goals and objectives were attained –Identifying any new strategies needed to augment the original plan –Better handling of incidents and improved response to the problem –Conducting ongoing assessment to ensure continued effectiveness
18 Positive Impacts on Problems Total elimination of the problem Fewer incidents Less serious or harmful incidents Better handling of the incidents/improved response to the problem Removing the problem from police consideration. (See Shifting and Sharing Guide) Diffusion of benefits
19 SCANNING ANALYSIS RESPONSE ASSESSMENT
20 SCANNINGANALYSIS RESPONSEASSESSMENT
21 Problem Solving Case Study
22 Gainesville, Florida Robbery Case Study
23 Gainesville, Florida Convenience Store Robberies SCANNING –Police noticed a increase in convenience store robberies in the Spring in 1985 Does this fall within the definition of a problem?
24 Gainesville, Florida Convenience Store Robberies ANALYSIS –Officers researched what other departments were doing with similar Robbery problems –Gainesville Robbery data showed: average of 72 robberies annually 47 different stores were robbed 45 were robbed at least once some robbed as many as 14 times 75% occurred between 7pm - 5 am only one clerk on duty during 92% of robberies robber waited for clerk to be alone in 85% of robberies
25 Gainesville, Florida Convenience Store Robberies ANALYSIS –Department researched IACP, NCJRS, National Association of Convenience Stores –Checked with other jurisdictions found that the State of Ohio had addressed similar problem and adopted several ordinances required training for clerks minimal cash on hand drop safes clear view of counter from outside adequate lighting in parking lot Kent, Ohio reduced robberies by 74%
26 Gainesville, Florida Convenience Store Robberies RESPONSE –a partnership with convenience store owners formed –improved natural surveillance/ordinance required 2 clerks on duty during late night hours –improved lighting inside and outside –window obstructions (sales signs) removed –limited cash handling policies implemented –drop boxes installed –upgraded access control through fences and walls to slow robbers and removal of obstacles to hide –enhanced formal surveillance through alarm and video cameras; encouraged visits by police to stores
27 Gainesville, Florida Convenience Store Robberies ASSESSMENT –a 6 month study conducted in 1987 –robberies decreased by 65% from the same period in the previous year –1988 study showed 70% reduction from 1986
28 Other Problem Solving Examples
29 Apartment Complex Crime in Santa Barbara, CA Scanning Police received high numbers of disturbance, littering, and vehicle crime complaints from an apartment complex. Owner resisted efforts to improve the property. Analysis Owner had 34 other properties in the city, many in disrepair and requiring a disproportionate amount of police services. Apartments were dirty, illegally subdivided, in violation of fire and building codes. For the prior year, 758 arrestees had listed these apartments as their residence. Response Toured a well-maintained property with owner; asked residents to maintain logs; photographed poor living conditions; prosecuted slumlord. Assessment Ongoing. As a condition of probation, owner must appear in court monthly to document progress.
30 Group Homes in Fresno, CA Scanning Fresno had 40 group homes that served many functions, from placement of juvenile offenders to juveniles removed from dysfunctional homes. Analysis Group homes generated over 1,000 calls for problems ranging from assaults to runaways. Officers becoming supplemental staff at the homes; they were sometimes called just to scare the children. Five of the 40 homes accounted for 50% of calls; eight for 75%. Response Convened individuals responsible for regulating group homes (e.g., probation, social services). Arranged regular meetings so that those who ran homes without problems could assist others with problem-solving. Assessment Calls in the first year dropped by 300. Two officers estimated it took less than 40 hours to study the problem, implement response, and assess the impact.
31 Disorder Reduction in Green Bay, Wisconsin Scanning Broadway Street was a high-crime area marked by litter, broken alcohol bottles, and homeless people who were often drunk and disorderly. Sixteen taverns operated in a three-block area. Analysis Interviews conducted with residents and business owners. Analysis of offense reports revealed that approximately 20 people were responsible for most of the complaints. Problem taverns produced shootings, stabbings, and prostitution. Analysis of building designs highlighted many deficiencies (e.g., dark alleys). Response Enforcement of public ordinances on open intoxicants, trespassing, and lewd behavior. Gain cooperation from liquor store and tavern owners in denying alcohol to habitually intoxicated people. Improved maintenance, lighting, and access control. Assessment The area experienced a 65% reduction in police calls and a 91% reduction in demand for rescue services to handle injuries stemming from assaults. Five problematic taverns were closed through joint efforts by community policing officers and citizens.
32 Traffic Accidents in Arlington, Virginia Scanning During 1999, 4,082 accidents were reported to police. Due to underreporting, the actual number of accidents was estimated to be three times higher. Analysis GIS was used to identify accident hotspots. Using a threshold of at least ten accidents in the preceding twelve months, 49 hotspots were identified. Accident reports were analyzed to determine most prevalent times, prevailing road conditions, and likely causes. Officers observed hotspots at various times of day. Interviews were conducted with individuals involved in accidents. Response Problem-solving training for traffic officers, installation of turn-lane arrows, reconfiguration of light cycles. Ongoing at time of publication. Assessment Regular meetings are held to determine progress. Officers are evaluated not only on their effectiveness in reducing accidents, but on their ability to incorporate problem-solving principles.
33 Disorderly Youth in New York City Scanning Revealed a high number of neighborhood disruptions and fights because students were being dismissed from two high schools at the same time. Analysis Schools dismissal procedures contributed to the problem. Students were dismissed at almost exactly the same time to the same block. Students were full of energy, and petty rivalries soon turned into confrontations. Response Spoke with administrators at both schools and persuaded them to stagger dismissal times by 25 minutes and direct departing students in opposite directions. Assessment Revealed a 70% reduction in after-school disorder problem.
34 Exercise 1 You are a commander thinking about adopting a problem-oriented policing approach within your district. First, consider the general problems that might be addressed in your district. Now, think more specifically about those general problems. For example, if robbery is a concern, what kind of robbery, where and when is it occurring, who are the victims, who are the likely offenders, etc. Second, what data or information sources might you have available to help you narrow the focus of your specific problem?
35 Exercise 2 Once youve selected a problem type on which to focus your resources, one of the difficult new skills to learn is how to conduct a comprehensive analysis. What kinds of internal and external evidence might you use in the analysis? Use one of the problem types selected by a member of your group.
36 Exercise 3 Choose a Goldstein Award Finalist project from 1993 to the present. Read the paper and review and critique the SARA process. Are there any other steps that might have been taken for that specific project to be more successful? If that project were implemented in your city/county, what steps or responses might need to change?
|
<urn:uuid:b416da29-cf62-46fc-8193-44e7e418e15a>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://slideplayer.com/slide/1493995/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00382-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942272
| 2,392
| 2.359375
| 2
|
Responding to recent research findings, in 2018–2019 we introduced new steps into the donation process designed to improve donors’ overall experience — and, in particular, to reduce the likelihood of a vasovagal reaction, in which a donor feels light-headed or even faints. The new measures include:
- Providing donors with fluids (500 mL of water) and a salty snack (containing 450 mg of sodium) before they give blood.
- Encouraging donors to perform muscle tension exercises while in the donation chair.
- Applying a specially designed pressure bandage after donation to help prevent rebleeding.
Canadian Blood Services regularly reviews donor eligibility criteria and screening processes to be as minimally restrictive as possible while ensuring donors’ well-being and the safety of the blood supply. These new steps will save donors time during both screening and recovery, getting them quickly on their way and reducing overall wait-times in our donor centres.
|
<urn:uuid:a1e299b0-005b-4ac6-b8a9-f2e91fbf500d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://annual2019.blood.ca/cbs-ar2019-donors-subpageB-en.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00669.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.927217
| 201
| 2.15625
| 2
|
The report attributes the decline in export earnings to mineral fuels and related products, machinery and transport equipment and food related products, during the first quarter of 2014.
The earnings from tea exports also declined by 20.1 percent while earnings from coffee increased marginally in the period under review compared to the same period in 2013.
Tea production decreased by 4.4 percent compared with a growth of 61.8 percent in the same quarter in 2013.
Export of vegetables contracted by 20.3 percent in 2014 to 16.6 thousand metric tonnes while that of fruits increased by 18.5 percent to reach 9.2 thousand metric tonnes over the same period.
Quantities of cut flower exported declined marginally over the review period.
“On the other hand, output of coffee and sugarcane recorded significant growths though their combined effect could not offset the poor performance of other crops. International auction prices of coffee and tea decreased compared to the same quarter in 2013,” the report states.
The import bill declined by 3.0 percent to stand at Sh345.2 billion in the first quarter of 2014 from Sh356.0 billion recorded in the same period of 2013 owing to decreases in the expenditure on inedible crude materials, mineral fuels and related products and manufactured goods.
The volume of trade decreased by 1.7 percent to Sh479.7 billion in the period under review.
Kenya’s economy has expanded by 4.1 percent in the first quarter of 2014 according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics report, compared to 5.2 percent during the same quarter of 2013.
According to the report, constrained growth was due to erratic weather pattern that resulted in depressed agricultural output as well as insecurity concerns coupled with negative travel advisories that dropped the hotels and restaurants earnings in the quarter under review.
|
<urn:uuid:36279d74-126b-4beb-a8ea-1bdf7ac7daed>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/business/2014/07/kenyas-q1-exports-earnings-drop-5-3pc-to-sh115-4bn/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953462
| 368
| 1.53125
| 2
|
The Young Fools (Les Ingénus)
High-heels were struggling with a full-length dress
So that, between the wind and the terrain,
At times a shining stocking would be seen,
And gone too soon. We liked that foolishness.
Also, at times a jealous insect's dart
Bothered out beauties. Suddenly a white
Nape flashed beneath the branches, and this sight
Was a delicate feast for a young fool's heart.
Evening fell, equivocal, dissembling,
The women who hung dreaming on our arms
Spoke in low voices, words that had such charms
That ever since our stunned soul has been trembling.
|
<urn:uuid:ab3532dd-534a-49c5-8341-694623926df5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.gradesaver.com/paul-verlaine-poems/study-guide/poem-text
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930161
| 144
| 1.554688
| 2
|
Taiwan | 2021
Different tones of orange scattered in the space, symbolizing the warmth of the sun and light up the room, connecting the space through light. Curves are added into the wall and floor design, softening the edges and emphasizing the calmness like the morning sun. While walking into the master bedroom, the color shifts to a darker palette, mimicking the peaceful ambience of a silent night, and offers the residents a place to rest. Legendary architect Le Corbusier described his technique to create a perfect housing with five principles in his famous essay “Five Points of Architecture”. The designer applies the principles in the project in hoping to create the best home for the residents. By reducing the partitions such as walls and partitions, the plan is more open and more nature light can shine in. As a thirty-year-old-house renovation project, the key is to build a solid foundation, modify the appearance of house, and focus on long-term preservation. Therefore, the designer chooses to use durable materials such as valchromat, and the combinations of colors are used for durability and natural-liking. The designer has lived in Japan and appreciates the ambience of living in a Japanese household where the family shares the living room. Therefore, an elevated Japanese-style room with tatami floor and a low sofa welcomes any incomer to casually sit on the floor. The spinner rack where the TV sits is adjustable, so the residents can choose where to lay back and relax, whether is the living room or the dining room. The sleeping area features a special design which servers the room as a walk-in closet and a sleeping area while offing the functionality and peace. The colors used here is different from the public area, which is darker and more calming. As if a shelter stands in the dark silent night, providing a place to wait for the sun to rise again.
Cohere Design Company Limited
|
<urn:uuid:8c867068-c5b7-45fe-8613-7c2286ed0fe4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://design.museaward.com/winner-info.php?id=5430
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00268.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.921411
| 440
| 1.773438
| 2
|
MSc in Environmental Entrepreneurship, Research Degrees: Ph.D.
The environment is the new entrepreneurial frontier. There is growing worldwide demand for renewable energy, technologies and products that address climate change, promote sustainability and improve environmental quality. This innovative MSc in Environmental Entrepreneurship has been designed to respond to the urgent need for a new generation of environmental entrepreneurs. The MSc aims to provide students with a sound theoretical and practical understanding of entrepreneurship, in preparation for a career in either self-employment or in an innovative organisation. Through this MSc students will learn how to identify, assess and shape environmental ideas into real business opportunities.Addressing environmental problems requires ingenuity. Entrepreneurship places emphasis upon the range of skills and understanding needed in order to make something of value actually happen - whether this is establishing a new enterprise, transforming an existing business or ensuring someone achieves positions of leadership in a corporate setting. Environmental entrepreneurship can take place through new product design, new technologies, and new organizational arrangements.
The course aims to create a whole new generation of ecopreneurs with the skills that will allow them to launch new ventures, strategies, products, and technologies that address society's environmental and natural resource problems. The course is not just about green industries. It is also about developing 'win-win' strategies, which simultaneously protect the environment and save money, in any kind of organisation. The course aims to develop management, consultancy, business, engineering and technology professionals who have reached a stage in their careers when they are seeking or achieving increasing responsibility, or would like to a refocus their career on environmental, or sustainable, entrepreneurship.
All our MSc courses* are accredited by the Institution of Civil Engineers (ICE) as meeting the requirements for Further Learning for Chartered Engineer (CEng) Status under the provisions of UK-SPEC. (*except MSc Environmental Health which is accredited by REHIS.)
|
<urn:uuid:b7e1ba6d-de11-4a03-a186-d4a7af40f9eb>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.gradschools.com/graduate-schools-in-united-kingdom/university-strathclyde-glasgow/msc-in-environmental-entrepreneurship-240485
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00222-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920653
| 385
| 2.296875
| 2
|
The Teaching and Learning Collaboration (TLC) is a multi-disciplinary team of dedicated professionals offering a range of individualised, effective and high quality services to individual’s families, schools and organisations.
We have a highly experienced team of Behaviour Analysts and Registered Behaviour Technicians, with links to Speech and Langauage Therapists, Occupational Therapists and Clinical Psychologists.
Behaviour Analysis (or ABA) focuses on socially significant behaviour, seeking to support an individual to make meaningful changes in their behaviour through strategies based on the principles for learning. In turn these changes enable an individuals to reach their goals and increase their quality of life.
Through decades of research, the field of Behavior Analysis has developed many techniques for increasing useful behaviors and reducing those that may cause harm or interfere with learning.
We can provide assessments and intervention plans as well as 1:1 intervention sessions for individuals struggling with communication, learning, social and/or functional living skills or where inappropriate or challenging behaviour is a barrier to learning or living well.
We provide support to families at home and at school. Our assessments and interventions are updated and evaluated regularly. We use functional assessment to understand why a behaviour is happening or not, in the context of home or school. This has been shown to be the most effective way to understand and then intervene with behaviours that challenge.
In order to structure for successful interventions we provide initial and on-going training to parents or professional staff. We also provide monitoring and evaluations of any programmes in order to assess the effectiveness and generality of our teaching.
We can provide:
- Early intensive behaviour intervention (EIBI)- direct tutoring, supervision and consultation.
- School age support, direct tutoring, supervision and consultation
- Social skills groups through our ‘Cadets’ and ‘Social Detectives’ programme
- A variety of standardised and functional assessments
- Educational & Positive Behaviour Support Plans, programs and implementation.
- Parent and Family training
- School and Professionals training
- Workshops and presentations on a range of topics related to special educational needs (e.g. on Autism; ABA; Challenging & Problem behaviour; Social Skills; Communication; Sleeping, Eating & Toileting; Effective teaching techniques; Monitoring and evaluation; LSA/School Shadowing; Play & Leisure skills; independence & daily living skills; Precision Teaching).
|
<urn:uuid:80e18c89-e922-41eb-989d-35a46b740727>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cindex.camden.gov.uk/kb5/camden/cd/service.page?id=VW-Pc_SffuE
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00466.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917424
| 496
| 2.53125
| 3
|
Older people living in the community tend to have the best mental health across the lifespan. However, those in aged care and other supported accommodation settings are at increased risk of mental health problems.
Generally, mental illness in older age tends to be more chronic in nature. However, late-onset mental health problems can also occur.
Differentiating mental disorders from 'normal' ageing is important. So are effective partnerships between psychiatry, rehabilitation and aged care.
Common risk factors for mental health for older adults are bereavement, social isolation and poor physical health.
Ways to support your mental health as you age include:
- Looking after your physical health through good diet and exercise, medical check-ups and medication reviews
- Getting good sleep
- Keeping your mind active
- Keeping connected with friends, family and your community
- Peer support groups can help with bereavement and depression.
If you need clinical mental health care, Community Mental Health Services in every region of WA support older adults.
There are also Older Adult residential services in the community, private hospital services and publicly funded Older Adult inpatient services at Armadale, Bentley, Midland, Mt Lawley, Osborne Park, and Shenton Park (Selby).
Find local services on the My Services online directory.
|
<urn:uuid:aa54e43f-69db-4139-8581-73d5eae9f3bc>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.mhc.wa.gov.au/your-health-and-wellbeing/older-adults/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940531
| 270
| 2.296875
| 2
|
The Geographic Spread of Infectious Diseases
Models and Applications
By (author) Lisa Sattenspiel
Normal Price: $106.38
Your Price: $95.74 AUD, inc. GST
Shipping: $7.95 per order
You Save: $10.64! (10% off normal price)
Plus...earn $4.79 in Boomerang Bucks
Availability: Available, ships in 10-12 days
Geographic Spread of Infectious Diseases by Lisa Sattenspiel
Book DescriptionThe 1918-19 influenza epidemic killed more than fifty million people worldwide. The SARS epidemic of 2002-3, by comparison, killed fewer than a thousand. The success in containing the spread of SARS was due largely to the rapid global response of public health authorities, which was aided by insights resulting from mathematical models. Models enabled authorities to better understand how the disease spread and to assess the relative effectiveness of different control strategies. In this book, Lisa Sattenspiel and Alun Lloyd provide a comprehensive introduction to mathematical models in epidemiology and show how they can be used to predict and control the geographic spread of major infectious diseases. Key concepts in infectious disease modeling are explained, readers are guided from simple mathematical models to more complex ones, and the strengths and weaknesses of these models are explored. The book highlights the breadth of techniques available to modelers today, such as population-based and individual-based models, and covers specific applications as well. Sattenspiel and Lloyd examine the powerful mathematical models that health authorities have developed to understand the spatial distribution and geographic spread of influenza, measles, foot-and-mouth disease, and SARS. Analytic methods geographers use to study human infectious diseases and the dynamics of epidemics are also discussed. A must-read for students, researchers, and practitioners, no other book provides such an accessible introduction to this exciting and fast-evolving field.
Buy Geographic Spread of Infectious Diseases book by Lisa Sattenspiel from Australia's Online Bookstore, Boomerang Books.
Book DetailsISBN: 9780691121321
(229mm x 152mm x 23mm)
Imprint: Princeton University Press
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Publish Date: 27-Aug-2008
Country of Publication: United States
» Have you read this book? We'd like to know what you think about it - write a review about Geographic Spread of Infectious Diseases book by Lisa Sattenspiel and you'll earn 50c in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars (you must be a member - it's free to sign up!)
Author Biography - Lisa Sattenspiel
Lisa Sattenspiel is professor of anthropology at the University of Missouri. Alun Lloyd is associate professor of mathematics at North Carolina State University.
Bestselling Books: Our Current Bestsellers | Australia's Hottest 1000 Books | Bestselling Fiction | Bestselling Crime Mysteries and Thrillers | Bestselling Non Fiction Books | Bestselling Sport Books | Bestselling Gardening and Handicrafts Books | Bestselling Biographies | Bestselling Food and Drink | Bestselling History | Bestselling Travel Books | Bestselling School Textbooks & Study Guides | Bestselling Children's General Non-Fiction | Bestselling Young Adult Fiction | Bestselling Children's Fiction | Bestselling Picture Books | Top 100 US Bestsellers
Phone: 1300 36 33 32 (9am-5pm Mon-Fri AEST) - International: +61 2 9960 7998 - Online Form
Address: Boomerang Books, 878 Military Road, Mosman Junction, NSW, 2088
© 2003-2017. All Rights Reserved. Eclipse Commerce Pty Ltd - ACN: 122 110 687 - ABN: 49 122 110 687
For every $20 you spend on books, you will receive $1 in Boomerang Bucks loyalty dollars. You can use your Boomerang Bucks as a credit towards a future purchase from Boomerang Books. Note that you must be a Member (free to sign up) and that conditions do apply.
|
<urn:uuid:b7d39634-591e-470a-8fcf-7e329b978405>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.boomerangbooks.com.au/Geographic-Spread-of-Infectious-Diseases/Lisa-Sattenspiel/book_9780691121321.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.860316
| 845
| 2.796875
| 3
|
These three charts help explain why.
As the chart above shows, people in the U.S. today are adopting new technologies, including tablets and smartphones, at the swiftest pace we’ve seen since the advent of the television. However, while television arguably detracted from U.S. productivity, today’s advances in technology are generally geared toward greater efficiency at lower costs. Indeed, when you take into account technology’s downward influence on price, U.S. consumption and productivity figures look much better than headline numbers would suggest.
Technology (XLK) is advancing by leaps and bounds. The diffusion and adoption rates for new technologies have risen over the years as the population has become more tech-savvy. The above graph shows the number of years it took technologies like electricity, television, and the Internet to be adopted by at least 25% of the US population.
Telephones took 35 years to spread through the US markets (SPY). The diffusion of the Internet and smartphones occurred at a much faster pace of seven and four years, respectively. According to statistics compiled by A.C. Nielsen, smartphones grew their penetration from 5% to 40% in a span of only four years. This diffusion rose despite the 2008 recession caused by the US financial crisis (XLF)(IYF).
The benefits of technology and innovation are varied and many. At its very core, innovation helps generate value for customers and, in turn, stakeholders. It not only offers a competitive advantage but also places the business in a better position to adapt to dynamic changes in the global business environment (ACWI). Innovation may drive company growth and, in turn, economic growth by helping businesses minimize risks and magnify opportunities.
According to research from Arthur D. Little, there’s an average 13 percentage point difference between the share of EBIT derived from new products and services by the top innovators and the share derived by others. The difference is especially stark in tech (IYW)(VGT) and telecom, where it stands at 38 percentage points. You can see this difference in the above graph.
Technological innovation (XT) helps reduce costs to a business and increase its productivity and profitability. Though the impact of technology on employment and job loss gets a lot of attention, consumption metrics ignore the impact of technology on reducing prices. Consumption statistics also fail to observe how technological advancement is making the economy more efficient. In the next part of this series, we’ll discuss how rapidly advancing technology adoption rates and a sharing economy are making for a more efficient economic system.
|
<urn:uuid:7a565484-13c7-4b3f-8f26-0238df1e2058>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://marketrealist.com/2015/12/adoption-rates-dizzying-heights/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00363-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95242
| 526
| 2.90625
| 3
|
4 - 8 years. Make learning foundational literacy skills fun with the Elementary Language Arts and Reading Kit! Using the included Activity Guide, early readers will be able to investigate phonics, build words, and practice letter formation. This kit is perfect for independent play and can also be used in small groups to encourage collaborative learning. Includes 271 pieces and activity guide.
|
<urn:uuid:0045e67b-ba10-4d9e-b9d3-0496c5a82888>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.kaplanco.com/shop/language-and-literacy-resources/alphabet-knowledge?prc=5&age=5&at1=NEW
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00466.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930391
| 90
| 2.78125
| 3
|
Some inmates leave prison with a weapon potentially more dangerous than the crime that put them there: the virus that causes AIDS, says the Raleigh News & Observer. Some have no idea they’re sick. Neither will women they sleep with or drug addicts with whom they share needles. Black religious leaders, some public health officials, and several legislators say prisoners are impeding the effort to end the spread of HIV, a sexually transmitted virus that can debilitate the body’s immune system. Rates of infection are seven times as high in prison as in the general population.
Ministers and some public health officials are pressing prison officials to screen every inmate and treat those infected with medicine that greatly reduces the ability to transmit the virus. Stopping short of that, they say, will allow an epidemic to spread unchecked. North Carolina prisons don’t require inmates to be tested for HIV. Only those who ask for the test get it; new arrivals who admit risky behaviors such as intravenous drug use or having sex with prostitutes are encouraged to take the test. Twenty-two states, including the vast majority of states in the South, where the number of new cases are highest, require HIV testing for prisoners. North Carolina prison officials estimate the annual cost of screening everyone and treating an additional load of cases at $21 million; that estimate is based on a 10 percent infection rate, much higher than any state has seen in its prison population.
|
<urn:uuid:a1e8b1e3-f897-4a1b-8ac1-3a8e6a15ff17>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://thecrimereport.org/2008/04/17/critics-urge-more-hiv-screening-for-prisoners/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953533
| 289
| 2.484375
| 2
|
One of the best parts of working at the Dekko Foundation is meeting the people we serve. They have lots in common! They love their community. They love kids. And often they’re not quite happy with how things are going for children.
After our travels we share stories…like this one: A few weeks ago Ashlee, one of our program officers, visited the Washington STEM Academy and talked with principal, Tom Ray. Over the past few years, their entire staff has worked tirelessly to change a traditional elementary into a project-based learning school. We didn’t write down Tom’s exact words but, to paraphrase, he said that as experienced educators it’s necessary, but difficult, to step back and learn new things about teaching and how children learn.
Step back and learn new things? We agree! Researchers learn more about brains and how they work every day! New methods are uncovered…best practices are shared! It’s true in teaching. It’s true in grantmaking. It’s true everywhere.
Stepping back and learning new things requires us all to admit that we have a lot to learn… It’s a little slice of humble pie…most people’s least favorite pie flavor! But stepping back pays big dividends!
We think a lot about stepping back…as a matter of fact it’s part of our key message for 2014:
Great things happen when adults step back and consider what children need to grow and develop!!!
|
<urn:uuid:814a6799-ed44-44b8-a97b-69a71542c0be>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.dekkofoundation.org/about-us/blog/page/13/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00264.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.9452
| 312
| 1.960938
| 2
|
Alex Pietrowski, Staff Writer
The rise in health conditions such cancer, diabetes, asthma, obesity, autoimmune diseases and even mental disorders like ADHD, run parallel with the rise in usage of chemicals in agriculture and industry. Our environment is highly contaminated, the average person now has thousands of chemicals in their body that their grandparents did not have, and many people intentionally put hundreds of chemicals on and in their bodies each day.
One of the most dangerous chemicals in use, atrazine, is the second most commonly used herbicide in the United States, and although it was banned in the European Union over a decade ago, lobbyists for the agro-chemical industry have ensured that Americans will continue to be exposed to it.
As a known endocrine system disruptor, it is known to cause deformities in frogs and rats, to severely decrease their fertility, and to even cause gender changes in some frogs.
“Atrazine is a common agricultural herbicide with endocrine disruptor activity. There is evidence that it interferes with reproduction and development, and may cause cancer. Although the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approved its continued use in October 2003, that same month the European Union (EU) announced a ban of atrazine because of ubiquitous and unpreventable water contamination. The authors reviewed regulatory procedures and government documents, and report efforts by the manufacturer of atrazine, Syngenta, to influence the U.S. atrazine assessment, by submitting flawed scientific data as evidence of no harm, and by meeting repeatedly and privately with EPA to negotiate the government’s regulatory approach. Many of the details of these negotiations continue to be withheld from the public, despite EPA regulations and federal open-government laws that require such decisions to be made in the open.” [Source]
Shockingly, the agro-chemical industry in the United States expends significant financial resources in ensuring that atrazine will not be banned in the U.S.
“The European Union (EU) banned atrazine in 2005, as suspicions of health problems and environmental damage mounted. In the U.S., atrazine use continued unabated, in large part due to powerful lobbying efforts by Syngenta. In 2005, Syngenta spent $250,000 on lobbying in Minnesota alone, to keep atrazine sales going.” [Source]
Big Ag Targets a Truth Teller
Biologist, Tyrone Hayes is a soft-spoken professor at the University of California with a big message. One of the most commonly used pesticides in agriculture, atrazine, is responsible for feminizing amphibians, according to his research. More importantly, the chemical is effectively eliminating male chromosomes at an alarming rate, ate levels which are three times lower than what are currently appearing in our drinking water. It isn’t just lead and fluoride we need to be concerned about, but a known endocrine disruptor, created by Syngenta, that is utterly changing our gene pool.
Hayes has been fighting Syngenta, to report the harmful effects of Atrazine for decades now. His scientific papers describe how Atrazine demasculinizes male gonads producing testicular lesions associated with reduced germ cell numbers in teleost fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, and induces partial and/or complete feminization in fish, amphibians, and reptiles. These effects are strong (statistically significant), consistent across vertebrate classes, and specific. Reductions in androgen levels and the induction of estrogen synthesis – demonstrated in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals – represent plausible and coherent mechanisms that explain these effects. [Source]
“It turns males into egg-laying females by inducing an enzyme called aromatase, which causes overproduction of estrogen. Even more disturbing, it produced male frogs with TWO sets of each sex organ, meaning two sets of testes and two sets of ovaries.
The voice box in male frogs also did not develop properly, indicating that testosterone was not being produced at appropriate levels for development.
Normally, the male testes make testosterone. Atrazine “turns on” the enzyme aromatase, which converts testosterone into estrogen. As a result, the male frogs lose their testosterone; they’re essentially chemically castrated, and are feminized as a result of the excessive estrogen being produced.
Recent testing has revealed 85 percent of male smallmouth bass in 19 American wildlife refuges are now carrying eggs. Like amphibians, smallmouth bass are known to be very sensitive to pollutants, hence, researchers use them as an “indicator species” when evaluating the ecological impact of environmental pollutants.” [Source]
More On Atrazine
In the following TED talk, Dr. Tyrone Hayes and Penelope Jagessar Chaffer, director of the documentary Toxic Baby, discuss the latest research into atrazine and what it is doing to Americans.
Read more articles by Alex Pietrowski.
Alex Pietrowski is an artist and writer concerned with preserving good health and the basic freedom to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. He is a staff writer for WakingTimes.com and Offgrid Outpost, a provider of storable food and emergency kits. Alex is an avid student of Yoga and life.
This article (Banned in the EU – What is This Dangerous Chemical Doing to Americans?) was originally created and published by Waking Times and is published here under a Creative Commons license with attribution to Alex Pietrowski and WakingTimes.com. It may be re-posted freely with proper attribution, author bio, and this copyright statement.
~~ Help Waking Times to raise the vibration by sharing this article with friends and family…
The post Banned in the EU, What is This Dangerous Chemical Doing to Americans? appeared first on Waking Times.
|
<urn:uuid:19ed63de-a77c-4668-a008-f91ad32b3152>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://beforeitsnews.com/alternative/2016/11/banned-in-the-eu-what-is-this-dangerous-chemical-doing-to-americans-3440516.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948585
| 1,208
| 2.390625
| 2
|
If old electrical equipment is taking up storage space or collecting dust in your home or business, then get sorted with your family and workmates, have a big clean out and bring unwanted items to one of the free E-Waste Drop-off Events in North and North West Tasmania!
Accepted E-Waste items can be dropped off at:
Temporary E-Waste collection point at 46 Lamont Street (off Invermay Rd), Invermay between 10.00am and 4.00pm on Saturday 8th April – for FREE!
Spreyton Waste Transfer Centre (Bay Drive, Spreyton) between 11.00am and 4.00pm on Sunday 9th April – for FREE!
E-Waste items accepted at the events:
- Computers including laptops / notebooks and PDAs / tablets
- Monitors and projectors
- LCD / flat panel monitors
- Printers and multi-functional devices
- Power supplies and adapters
- Electrical cords and cables
- Computer parts and accessories
- Toners and ink cartridges contained in a printer where they cannot be reasonably removed.
Can’t make it to Spreyton or Invermay on the day?
In the North West, you can drop-off accepted items at the Port Sorell, Sheffield, Ulverstone, White Hills, or Wynyard Waste Transfer Stations BEFORE 31 MARCH and we’ll deliver it for you. Items can also be dropped-off before 9 April at the Spreyton Waste Transfer Station.
In Northern Tasmania, there are permanent E-Waste collection points at the Launceston, Exeter, Deloraine, Scottsdale, Longford and St Helen’s Waste Transfer Stations.
Be a good sort! E-Waste is recycled to prevent materials contaminating local landfills and the environment. Recycling E-Waste and re-using components also reduces the need for companies to extract or create new raw materials when making future electronic products.
This event is proudly brought to you by TechCollect, Cradle Coast Waste Management Group, Northern Tasmanian Waste Management Group with support from toxfree.
|
<urn:uuid:878596d9-481c-4d5a-9c3b-7974205cfa14>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://rethinkportal.kingthing.com.au/e-waste-drop-off-events/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.883208
| 455
| 1.546875
| 2
|
MORE THAN JUST SHELTER.
First of its kind census shows scope of domestic violence services across the United States.
More than 500 Kansans receive services daily
On average more than 10 hotline calls answered every hour.
Topeka, Kan. - In a single day, 564 adults and children in Kansas sought services from domestic violence agencies. This startling data comes from today's inaugural release of "Domestic Violence Counts: the National Census of Domestic Violence Services (NCDVS)," the first-ever national one-day census on domestic violence services. Conducted by the National Network to End Domestic Violence and Harvard University researchers, the census is the most recent data documenting the number of victims who reach out for help.
"These numbers are startling considering Kansas is an overwhelmingly rural state," said Sandy Barnett, executive director of the Kansas Coalition Against Sexual and Domestic Violence (KCSDV). "The census reminds us that we still have much more to do to achieve safe homes and safe streets. We are reminded of the five Kansas women who were apparently murdered by their former or current spouse or boyfriend since the census was taken in November."
The NCDVS collected a national, unduplicated count of adults and children who received life-saving services from domestic violence programs on November 2, 2006. According to KCSDV, 16 of the 26 domestic violence programs (59.2%) in Kansas participated in the census.
During the 24-hour survey period, 564 Kansas residents sought refuge in emergency shelters; lived in transitional housing facilities; or received non-residential services such as counseling, legal advocacy and children's support groups. In addition, 248 hotline calls were answered by domestic violence advocates, which totals more than 10 hotline calls every hour.
However, the survey found there is still a significant need for services. Eighty (80) Kansas residents who requested services were referred elsewhere because local programs did not have the resources to aid them.
"While these numbers provide our state with tremendous insight into the need for domestic violence services, we know that there are still victims out there who have not sought help," Barnett said. "We need to ensure that resources are available to not only meet current needs, but to also increase public awareness so that all victims know help is available."
More than 1,200 of the 2,016 (62%) domestic violence programs from across the country participated in the survey, giving advocates and researchers a glimpse into the number of individuals seeking services, the types of services requested and the number of service requests that went unmet due to a lack of resources.
Participating programs logged an unduplicated count of adults and children accessing their services between 8:00 a.m. on November 2, 2006 to 7:59 a.m. on November 3, 2006. This ÒsnapshotÓ approach allowed researchers to document the scope of services without collecting victim-identifying data.
"Individuals seeking domestic violence services are often in immediate danger and need to keep their location a secret. Unfortunately, most research methods place victims at risk," said Sue Else, president of the National Network to End Domestic Violence. "The National Census of Domestic Violence Services was designed to protect the safety and confidentiality needs of victims. We are proud to have pioneered this effort."
Appendix 1: Executive Summary
Appendix 1 Executive Summary In Spanish: En Español Resumen Ejecutivo
Snapshot By State/Territory, (change the last 2 letters to see your state: AK, ID, PA.pdf)
KCSDV is a membership organization made up of 30 sexual and domestic violence advocacy programs in Kansas. These programs provide direct services to victims of sexual and domestic violence. KCSDV's purpose is to prevent and eliminate sexual and domestic violence by providing technical assistance, training, legislative advocacy, and policy analysis on a variety of topics for member programs, professionals and ally organizations across Kansas. During the State of Kansas' fiscal year 2006, KCSDV member programs responded to more than 22,000 crisis calls from victims of sexual and domestic violence, provided more than 74,000 shelter nights, and provided services to more than 20,000 victims.
|
<urn:uuid:f9942102-a953-4841-8e17-1c9a3b7fd373>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.kcsdv.org/kcsdvmedia/press-release-archive/2010-earlier/prcensus.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950859
| 863
| 2.0625
| 2
|
Disclaimer: The views in this blogpost should in no shape or form be taken as actual forecasts and are my personal views only.
Anyone ever play whack-a-mole?
The image here comes from the 1990s, a time of ill-fitting T-shirts and no smartphones, so entertainment came from games such as whack-a-mole that sprung up (literally) to test our hand-eye coordination as well as our ability to deal with a new problem cropping up just as soon as we had dealt with another.
It feels like the North American chemical industry is dealing with its own version of whack-a-mole at the moment, with tropical weather systems creating force majeures, force majeures leading to downstream issues, only to be followed by more tropical systems and force majeures. It’s enough to leave you with a similar look as that boy in the blue shirt.
First there was Laura a few weeks back, whose effects on southwestern Louisiana and ethylene, ethylene glycol, polyethylene and polyvinyl chloride markets continue to reverberate, including a wide swath of force majeures.
Next there was Sally, which this past week inundated the Mississippi, Alabama and Florida Panhandle coastlines with more than 2 feet of rain. It has disrupted a great deal of port activity in that region, and there is a significant amount of chemical and plastics producers/extruders in the Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida area.
If that wasn’t enough, there’s a tropical depression in the US Gulf’s Bay of Campeche that is expected to at least become Tropical Storm Beta (because we just ran through the English alphabet for storm names and are into Greek alphabet now) by this weekend and perhaps strengthen into a hurricane. It’s expected to meander in the western Gulf a bit before finally finding a real steering current next week. Estimations are that it will mostly be a heavy rainmaker, but where that rain falls and over what period of time is highly uncertain at this time. Those from Corpus Christi, Texas up through Houston and across to Louisiana need to be watching this developing storm for potential impacts next week.
The value of ICIS News constant updates and insights into macro and micro market ramifications from events such as the Atlantic hurricane season has never been more prevalent than right now. Each value chain that we cover – from plastics converters to FMCG/brand owners to electronics to construction to retailers – will feel the effects of the force majeures and supply chain disruptions caused by these storms, and ICIS News is delivering crucial, timely insights to help our clients make better decisions amid the fallout.
In this current game of market whack-a-mole, ICIS News puts a giant mallet at our clients’ disposal, helping them navigate through these unsettling times with a bit more confidence.
|
<urn:uuid:d1255be6-76fe-4154-9943-c1ef9d6a77ff>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.icis.com/chemical-connections/2020/09/chemical-market-whack-a-mole/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00678.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954765
| 603
| 1.515625
| 2
|
Irene Jeong, 10, left, of Los Angeles, her mother Susie and her friend Sarah… (Gina Ferazzi, Los Angeles…)
He's only 11. Still, BJ Bae blended in with the thousands of people of Korean heritage who swarmed an Orange County college fair this weekend. He stopped to sign up for a concentration test so "I can know what job might be good for me."
Angela Kim, 10, headed straight for the Stanford University table, then UC Berkeley, then Columbia University. "We have lots of choices," she said confidently.
The mothers of both children tagged along, stuffing handbooks into their bags, promising to review them together when they get home.
"I'm just stunned by how early the parents are preparing their kids," said Jay Tsai, a recruiter for Yale University, as he surveyed the crowd at the 2012 College Fair in Irvine. The event, sponsored by the Korea Daily newspaper, drew more than 4,000 people — even in 100-degree heat.
Koreans and other Asians placing a premium on academic achievement and college preparation is not new. But to Tsai, the intense interest and the young age of some of those at the event seemed to signal something that is new.
"This tells me it's getting more competitive than ever before," he said.
Ed Johnson, a veteran admissions officer for the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, called it an "amazing gathering." He was eyeing students with top-notch SAT scores and "a motivation to serve," he said. "And, in fact, Korean families have so much motivation. They raise the standard."
Around him, participants were crossing off checklists, consulting a map of the event included in the Korean paper's 100-page guide and trying to figure out where to go. They fanned across the campus of Bethel Korean Church to chapel rooms, lecture halls and the gym, learning the nitty-gritty of financial planning and what's required by Ivy League schools as opposed to University of California campuses.
Private tutors and consultants tried to lure them with their services, including how to get college application essays exactly right.
"We give that extra push. Sometimes, kids have the grades already, but they're confused when they sit down to express their feelings," said Gina Kim, operations analyst for Flex College Prep, which has offices in Arcadia, Irvine and L.A.'s Koreatown. Buyers snapped up $10 copies of a guide written by her firm's chief executive: "Getting In: Insider Tips on College Admissions for Immigrant Families."
"A lot of Korean families want the brand-name school," Kim said. "We actually try to listen to the student's opinion. We want the student to thrive."
Anna Seok, who manages Admission Masters Educational Consulting Group, offers prep packages from $450 to $4,500. Among them: GPA management. Students and instructors can talk weekly and chart progress.
Students can join clubs devoted to subjects ranging from speech and debate to robotics and NASA — the kinds of extracurricular activities appealing to recruiters.
"We help Korean families find out what type of learner their child is," Seok said, "and from there we work with them to succeed."
Among those working the crowd was an overseas television crew taping a one-hour special on the fair, now in its seventh year. It's one of four such events in the nation.
"This is very important for Korean American society," said Jeongkie Kim, director of EBS America, an education channel. "While many people can be here, many more people can't be here, and parents from Korea aim to send their children to college in the U.S. That is the big goal."
In the cafeteria, Sukha Kim and his son, Ryan, ate $2 ramen sold by the Irvine Korean Parents Assn. "I want my son to have a broad knowledge of everything," said Kim, of Los Angeles. Ryan, a freshman at John Marshall High School near Griffith Park, said he does mental exercises between classes to refresh his memory. He also reads the New York Times, looking for words his doesn't fully understand. "I write it down on index cards to study," he said.
Outside, David Hong, a junior at Tesoro High in Mission Viejo, waited to meet celebrity guest Victor Kim, winner of "America's Best Dance Crew" on MTV. "It's hard to meet our parents' expectations," he said, "but I try my best." He has a 4.0 grade-point average and is tutored in biology, Spanish and pre-calculus. For college, he's leaning toward a chemistry major — or something in sports. "Not as a player," he said, "but analysis or commentary. My dad might like that better."
BJ Bae, the 11-year-old from Plaza Vista School in Irvine, said he handles homework on his own because his mother, Mina Yoon, is busy with her 3-year-old. "We came here to understand how college works," she said.
Michael Chen, visiting from Seoul, heard about it and made time to attend. His mission: Comparing music programs at Yale and Stanford. His daughter began playing the cello at age 5.
"Wherever she desires to go to school," he said, "we want to get her there."
|
<urn:uuid:c606747c-9085-4e98-8f83-f4c41cae9437>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://articles.latimes.com/2012/sep/16/local/la-me-college-fever-20120917
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.978782
| 1,129
| 1.8125
| 2
|
REGISTER FOR REGULAR UPDATES
DATE AND TIME
Wed, 4 Mar. 2020, 00:00
Fri, 6 Mar. 2020, 23:59
Why you should attend Food Science & Technology Global 2020
Food security is a key national priority by many governments around the world. Singapore’s vulnerability is compounded by our limited farmland and high dependency on imported food. Enhancing our food security is of critical importance as global food production is under mounting pressure from the rapid population growth and the increasing impact of climate change. Technological innovations, from modern farming technology to reducing food wastage through novel processing technology, are needed for our current food industry.
With its strong interdisciplinary teaching and research credentials in Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU) is best positioned to contribute to the national effort to strengthen our food security. NTU food technology innovations have attracted significant interest and recognition from government agencies and food industry, and are well aligned with our government’s vision of achieving 30% of nutrition requirements from local food production by 2030 (30 by 30).
Food Science & Technology Global 2020 (FST Global 2020) aims to bring together FST experts from local and overseas institutions to share their research and innovation, and nurture new partnership and collaboration. The conference will be graced by the Guest of Honour, Mr Chee Hong Tat, Senior Minister of State, Ministry of Trade and Industry & Ministry of Education. A new national food initiative involving Singapore Food Agency (SFA), Agency for Science & Technology and Research (A*STAR) and NTU would also be launched by our Guest of Honour at the start of the conference.
Being the first in its series, FST Global conference would take place biennially. For FST Global 2020, delegates would have the opportunity to listen and interact with distinguished speakers from Singapore government agencies (SFA and ASTAR), local and international academia, and the food industry. Jointly organised by NTU Food Science & Technology (NTU FST) Office and NTU-Institute of Advanced Studies (NTU-IAS), FST Global 2020 will take place March 4 – 6, 2020 at NTU, Singapore.
Who is this event suitable for?
UK companies based in food sectors with an interest in or currently exporting to ASEAN.
To contact the organisers for this event, please use the contact details below.
Tel: +65 6592 1880
Institute of Advanced Studies
Nanyang Technological University
Nanyang Executive Centre
60 Nanyang View
To view more information about the event on the website including speakers, the programme, sponsorship options and accommodation details, please click the link below.
|
<urn:uuid:ada6f2cf-d933-4096-805b-28474184f28c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://ukabc.org.uk/event/conference-food-science-technology-global-2020/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.912812
| 664
| 1.914063
| 2
|
The Boy Detective
Roger Rosenblatt's latest memoir finds the author retracing the New York paths he walked during boyhood.
In his newest book, Roger Rosenblatt tells his story walking.
The journalist, teacher and author of 16 books, including the bestselling memoirs “Making Toast” and “Kayak Morning,” takes a nighttime stroll through the streets where he grew up in New York.
"A man retraces the steps of his youth in order to determine where he has been and where he is. Your basic mystery story. Mixed motives, false leads, dead-end trails. Innocence. Missing persons. Bodies everywhere," writes Rosenblatt.
Written in the spirit of E.B. White’s “Here is New York” and Alfred Kazin’s “A Walker in the City,” the book is a meandering ramble through Rosenblatt’s past and the streets of New York's Gramercy Park neighborhood. Some readers will find that delightful. Those who prefer to walk with a destination firmly in mind are likely to find their patience tested. (If you find his recollection of the time he willed himself to dream he was an owl detective an amusing piece of whimsy – “As a largish owl, I had some difficulty stuffing my feathers in to the taxi” – you’ll be fine.)
"I believe in spare writing. Precise and restrained writing. I like short sentences. Fragmented sentences, sometimes," Rosenblatt wrote in “Unless It Moves the Human Heart,” his bestselling account of a semester in his class on Writing Everything at Stony Brook University. He still likes the fragmented sentences, but no one would accuse “The Boy Detective” of excessive restraint. It’s an extended riff, more meditation than memoir.
“I tend toward creative drift myself. Just like Penelope, I lose my thread,” Rosenblatt confides.
As a nine-year-old, Rosenblatt fancied himself a detective-in-training. “I wanted to be Holmes, himself,” he writes. “The detective I concocted for myself was not exactly like him. What I imagined was a composite made up of Holmes’s powers of observation, Hercule Poirot’s powers of deduction, Sam Spade’s straight talk, Miss Marple’s stick-to-itiveness, and Philip Marlowe’s courage and sense of honor — he who traveled the ‘mean streets,’ like mine, and was ‘neither tarnished nor afraid.’ The fact that, as far as I could tell, I lacked every single one of these qualities, and saw no prospect of ever achieving them, presented no discouragement.”
His youthful reconnaissance missions helped him develop an eye for observation that the journalist and writer later put to good use, winning two George Polk Awards, a Peabody and an Emmy.
On his walk, Rosenblatt writes that he is still accompanied by that boy, lonely and imaginative, who dreamed of having a young Teddy Roosevelt for a partner in crime.
“I am the spitting image of myself,” he writes. “How like myself I am. This is why I do not believe in time. How could I if I feel the presence of the boy as completely as I do the man, in many ways more completely since the boy is more completely realized. He who existed in me over half a century ago walks with me today.”
While not as moving as “Making Toast,” his widely acclaimed memoir of the first year after his daughter’s death at the age of 38, when he and his wife took in their grieving grandchildren and son-in-law, “The Boy Detective” offers glimpses of Rosenblatt’s childhood. These are mixed in with discussions of Roosevelt, Dashiell Hammett, Edgar Allan Poe, Edith Wharton, and other famous writers and residents of Gramercy Park, peeks at those walking the streets with him and reminiscences of how those streets have changed, and his thoughts on other New York landmarks. (“Its feeling of calm comfort is what appealed to King Kong, I am sure of it,” he says of the Empire State building.)
Rosenblatt’s parents expected him to behave like a miniature adult. (Similar pressure apparently was not put on his much-younger brother, whom his mom doted on.)
"Roger," his dad told him, "that's no way for a twelve-year-old boy to behave."
"Dad," he said, "I'm eight."
Rosenblatt writes about his home, with the walls hung with William Randolph Hearst’s excess paintings, which his parents purchased from Gimbel’s. “The canvases cracked like stale cake.”
But those glimpses will be tantalizingly few for those expecting a straightforward memoir of childhood. Rosenblatt, who refers to an unseen companion as “Pal,” also mixes in fake confessions, such as Poe, who invented the detective story, admitting to the “Murder of Marie Roget.” (There’s also a tone-deaf one about Hitler.) Rosenblatt muses on the Road Hill House murders, which shocked Victorian England and inspired Wilkie Collins and Charles Dickens. For those who have read Kate Summerscale’s excellent “The Suspicions of Mr. Whicher,” there’s nothing new here.
Rosenblatt, who has taught for more than 40 years, also talks to his writing students during his perambulations.
“[Y]our memoir is not about you. So, stay out of it,” he tells them. “At the outset of a memoir, you are propelled by the desire to let the world know who you are. Soon you will discover that you don’t really care that much about who you are, and that writing with that goal alone will turn boring, cloying. You will tire of yourself just as you tire of others who think only of themselves....”
Readers who believe a journey is worth more than the destination will find a kindred spirit in Rosenblatt, who is generous company during his wanderings.
“My favorite part of being a detective is just this – the walk, just taking in the world.”
Yvonne Zipp is the Monitor fiction critic.
|
<urn:uuid:65eff35b-f5ef-4afa-8c11-fb568b7934ae>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.csmonitor.com/Books/Book-Reviews/2013/1205/The-Boy-Detective
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974866
| 1,386
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Who knew that telling people they have rights would be so controversial?
In his nationally televised address Wednesday night, Representative Paul Ryan (R-WI) reminded Americans that “our rights come from nature and God, not from government.”
MSNBC’s Chris Matthews went apoplectic. “It’s clear that Paul Ryan was talking to people who think about rights as something…produced by Thomas Jefferson, ignoring the people for whom the rights only came in the 1960s.”
Another MSNBC commentator, Touré Neblett, said the line that rights come from God and nature is “so offensive.” For “black people, Hispanic people, and women, our rights do not come from God or nature. . . They come from the government and from legislation that happens in relatively recent history in America.”
But rights don’t come from government. They can merely be protected by governments.
Natural rights are those inalienable rights which directly result from human nature. Humans possess these rights, including the right to one’s own life and the right to liberty, simply by virtue of being human. This is the only secure grounding for rights.
Because people are “endowed by their Creator” with these rights, no government can take them away. Thus, legitimate government must protect these rights. If governments fail to do so, the problem is not with the rights—it’s with those governments. As President Calvin Coolidge explained:
“If all men are created equal, that is final. If they are endowed with inalienable rights, that is final. If governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed, that is final. No advance, no progress can be made beyond these propositions,”
“If anyone wishes to deny their truth or their soundness,” by claiming that rights for women and minorities were invented recently through a few legislative acts, then “the only direction in which he can proceed historically is not forward, but backward toward the time when there was no equality, no rights of the individual, no rule of the people.”
To claim that rights are provided by government is to ignore the meaning of the Declaration.
Those who wish for a society where government grants people rights cannot “lay claim to progress.”
Natural rights were not Thomas Jefferson’s creation. They were not even an American creation. The only thing new about natural rights was this: America was the first nation to be founded on the self-evident truth that all people “are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”
All people. And that’s final.
|
<urn:uuid:105c0c3b-e916-4887-9a15-44b47e8df042>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://dailysignal.com/2012/08/31/why-does-msnbc-want-to-go-backwards/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00140-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.974613
| 574
| 2.75
| 3
|
Cholera case fatality rate
Situation and trends
The reported case fatality rate (CFR) is a measure of the severity of a disease and is defined as the proportion of reported cases of a specified disease or condition which are fatal within a specified time.
With proper and timely treatment, the case fatality rate should remain below 1%. However, many countries report CFRs which are much higher. In 2015, CFRs ranged from 0.0% to 11.7%; CFRs>1% were reported by 15 countries. Of these 15 countries, CFR>5% were reported in Myanmar and Niger. Globally, the overall CFR was 0.8%
CFRs over 30% have been observed among vulnerable groups living in high risk areas. They reflect limited access to proper health care for the most vulnerable people and insufficiencies in health-care systems, including limited capacity of the surveillance system to trigger a timely response.
|
<urn:uuid:96d503ce-0e0b-4dc7-8480-208aa85c27c1>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.who.int/gho/epidemic_diseases/cholera/case_fatality_rate_text/en/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00518-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.972355
| 194
| 2.421875
| 2
|
Concern about the effect of rising salinity on freshwater biodiversity has led to studies investigating the salt tolerance of macroinvertebrates and fish, with less attention given to microinvertebrates. We investigated the acute lethal effects of salinity on 12 microinvertebrate species from rivers in the southern Murray-Darling Basin in central Victoria, Australia. For a subset of these species, sub-lethal salinity effects and the effect of water temperature on salinity tolerance were also investigated. The most sensitive microinvertebrates had broadly similar 72-h LC50 values to the most sensitive macroinvertebrates, reported in other studies. However, the most tolerant microinvertebrates tested were much more sensitive than the most tolerant macroinvertebrates and the microinvertebrates studied were more sensitive than most freshwater fish. Temperature affected the acute lethal toxicity of salinity but only to a small degree. In three of four species (the exception being Hydra viridissima), the effects of salinity on growth, development and/or reproduction at concentrations below their 72-h LC 50 values were observed. However, different endpoints responded differently to salinity. The demonstrated effect of salinity on microinvertebrates has the potential to indirectly affect fish and salt-tolerant macroinvertebrates via changes to their prey species or ecological functions performed by microinvertebrates. © CSIRO 2007.
|
<urn:uuid:1f70346d-5f50-4ac4-8165-fe48a5e32fbe>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://researchprofiles.canberra.edu.au/en/publications/salinity-tolerance-of-riverine-microinvertebrates-from-the-southe
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935337
| 294
| 2.625
| 3
|
Performance evaluation of a wearable inertial motion capture system for capturing physical exposures during manual material handling tasks.
Ergonomics 2013 Feb; 56(2):314-326
With a long-term goal of improving quantification of physical exposures in the workplace, this study examined the ability of a commercially available inertial motion capture (IMC) system in quantifying exposures during five different simulated manual material handling tasks. Fourteen participants repeated all these tasks in three 20 min sequential time blocks. Performance of the IMC system was compared against an optical motion capture (OMC) system ('gold standard') in terms of joint angles, angular velocities and moments at selected body parts. Though several significant changes in performance over time were found, the magnitudes of these were relatively small and may have limited practical relevance. The IMC system yielded peak kinematic values that differed by up to 28% from the OMC system. The IMC system, in some cases, incorrectly reflected the actual extremity positions of a participant, and which can cause relatively large errors in joint moment estimation. Given the potential limitations, practical recommendations are offered and discussed. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: Use of an inertial motion capture system can advance the quantification of physical exposures in situ. Results indicate a good potential capacity for capturing physical exposure data in the field for an extended period, while highlighting potential limitations. Future system application can help provide better understandings of dose-exposure relationships.
Ergonomics; Human-factors-engineering; Biomechanical-engineering; Biomechanics; Quantitative-analysis; Equipment-reliability; Motion-studies; Employee-exposure; Exposure-assessment; Manual-lifting; Simulation-methods; Manual-materials-handling; Optical-aids; Body-regions; Body-burden; Weight-factors; Task-performance; Extremities; Physiological-factors; Materials-handling;
Author Keywords: inertial motion capture; optical motion capture; physical exposures; manual material handling
Maury A. Nussbaum, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, 250 Durham Hall (0118), Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
|
<urn:uuid:65c0ec85-64a6-476f-9fca-ad7c40cca59b>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20043624.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.841502
| 466
| 1.765625
| 2
|
EPDM UsesEPDM, technical name, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene-Monomer
Did you know that EPDM rubber is used in many of the products used today from appliance hoses, radiator hoses in our cars, to washers and insulation? In the early 1980’s we started seeing it used in RV roofing & liners for fountains and ponds. With such an outstanding history of success and over a twenty five history in the roofing industry as the only liquid EPDM rubber in the world. Let’s take a closer look at what makes this such a unique and durable product.
The main properties of EPDM are its superior resistance to cold and heat. And by cold we mean 40 below zero and heat up to 300 degrees F. It does extremely well as a barrier to ozone and UV and has the ability to retain its color over time. The liquid version, as we stated previously, is formulated differently and will not chalk in comparison to the sheet version.
Liquid EPDM Rubber is ideal to recoat existing roofs and add a significant number of years to the life of a roof. In fact our customers have described it as essentially getting a new roof for a fraction of the cost. Since, for most roof types, this is a single application with significant cost savings when compared it to multiple coat systems. The cost savings alone have made it the choice for thousands of our customers over the years. Labor costs are also decreased since you are only need one coat vursus 3-4 with other systems.
The following roof types-substrates do NOT require the ProFlex primer only one coat of the Liquid EPDM
Various Metal Roofing systems
- Weathered Galvanized
- Weathered Aluminum
- Weathered Copper
- Any original epdm rubber roofing system
- Acrylic Sheet and any acrylic based products
- Weathered Vinyl
The below roof types- substrates will require one coat of the ProFlex primer prior to application of Liquid EPDM Rubber
- Built up asphalt roofs-You would first need to apply the ProFlex Primer before applying the liquid EPDM.
- Asphalt shingles-Requires a coating of the ProFlex primer. Note that there cannot be any separation between layers. Cracked ridges must be cut out and filled with PROFLEX and rubber mix plus reinforced with Poly Fabric.
- Modified asphalt roll roofing - First needing the ProFlex Primer
- Stainless steel-Only if sanded
- Neither the primer or Liquid EPDM can be applied to glass
- Silicone caulk-Any silicone caulk needs to be removed and replaced with either butyl or acrylic caulk
- Hypalon Membrane
- Wood applications; however these are not warrantied as we cannot verify the condition or quality of the wood
- Concrete where there is little foot traffic (concrete applications require one coat of the ProFlex Primer)
- Any roof where a 3rd party coating such as an elastomeric or acrylic was previous applied
- TPO-Requires "supercoat" please call the office for details
- RV's or motorhomes made by Fleetwood
- Sprayed Urethane Foam
- Polyurethane foam
EPDM offers significant tensile strength, elongation as well as other technical attributes which can be found on our “technical” page.
EPDM Rubber has a long history of performance in molded products, and also in tires. From the radiator hoses in our vehicles to the refrigerator gaskets in our kitchens, we have all been exposed to the superior qualities of EPDM rubber. Another great benefit of Liquid EPDM is that is relatively inexpensive when looking at the long term life expectancy. It is easy to install, and fairly clean to work with when compared to conventional materials. Other products are not very stable to work with; this is not the case with Liquid EPDM. It is flexible, has great weather durability characteristics and is very resistant to certain chemicals. Take the below chart for example.
|Sulfuric acid||OK up to 50% concentration up to 158 F|
|Nitric Acid||OK up to 50% concentration up to 70 F|
|sodium dichromate 11%||OK up to 70 F|
|phosphoric acid 50%||OK up to 140 F|
|Trichloroethylene 98%||OK up to 70 F|
|Sodium hydroxide 50%||OK up to 176 F|
|Potassium Hydroxide 10%||OK up to 200 F|
|Potassium cyanide 25%||OK up to 140 F|
|Silver cyanide 25%||OK up to 140 F|
|Nickel Chloride 50%||OK up to 176 F|
The above are only guidelines. Any applications related to chemicals should be tested thoroughly before putting anything in service.
There has been no other product to match the durability of EPDM Liquid in the Roof Repair Products industry. Because Liquid EPDM Rubber is catalyst based it can boost the broad temperature tolerance we have been speaking about. This is not the same case for water-soluble products like elastomerics, acrylics or urethanes. If it were to light rain unexpectedly just after you applied Liquid EPDM this will not harm the application and the curing will continue when the water has evaporated. Once applied Liquid EPDM will not run or wash off.
Liquid EPDM Rubber vs. Neoprene Rubber
When first introduced to the market, building owners, architect’s & contractors recognized EPDM rubber as a very cleaner, cooler and overall easier product to work with vs. the traditional built-up or hot mop roof system, which were the only roof options prior to EPDM. With sheet EPDM rubber coming on the scene many building owners and contractors were able to get the tools and training they needed to properly install membrane roofing systems. The new systems offer very low maintenance costs, allow for ease in repairs and have very low annual costs. Prior to the arrival of liquid EPDM, Neoprene rubber was the universal choice for concrete roof protection both in fresh and salt water environments. Liquid Neoprene products are solvent solutions or water based emulsions and as a result have relatively low volume solids or call it “actual material”. The limitations required contractors to increase material costs through the need of multiple coat as well in many cases top coating with compatible polymers to prevent UV and ozone degradation.
The development of industry acceptance Liquid EPDM Rubber was based on a key factor which resulted in a higher solids percentage. It is based on a two components (catalyst-based) chemically reactive process capable of polymerizing at temperatures between 55 degrees and higher. After it is chemically cured what is left is a high molecular weight coating with all the protective and performance characteristics exceeding those of liquid applied Neoprene products.
EPDM Rubber has even been used in boiling water and steam applications. As we explained previously, EPDM is both UV and ozone stable. Due to its high flash point the material is also safer to work with and can be stored at higher temperatures vs. Neoprene. Also, as long as the catalyst is not mixed, the product has a 5 year shelf life. The product is safer to use because of its higher flash point and the two-component packaging permits extended storage at higher temperatures than liquid Neoprene. The non-polar characteristic of the EPDM also gives it advantages over Neoprene in saltwater environments as well as better resistance to cathodic disbondment. Liquid rubber is resistant to salt environments, alcohol and ketone solvents.
|
<urn:uuid:3030d173-f1ed-4ac5-987f-189ad661ddc2>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.epdmcoatings.com/epdm-uses.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00179-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935157
| 1,624
| 1.945313
| 2
|
|Scalia on Race, Homosexuality, Boredom|
|Anjuli Sastry||Apr 18, 2013, 12:46 PM|
Alex Wong/Getty Images
Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia showed a lighter side while joking at an event with students from the University of California Washington center.
At the event Monday, held to publicize his new book, "Reading Law: The Interpretation of Legal Texts," Scalia answered students' questions on a range of issues and offered insight into the perspective from the other side of the bench.
Scalia said most times justices ask questions in order to make colleagues understand which way they are leaning a certain way on a case.
"Sometimes I ask questions just because I'm bored, just to stay awake," he joked. "Very often the questioning is done to convey your point of view to your colleagues."
Scalia also touched on topics as varied as his viewpoint on the Constitution and opposition of Section 5 of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. The section requires that states and regions that have previously discriminated against minority voters such as African Americans gain federal approval when they want to change voting regulations in their states.
Scalia called the act one of "racial preferment," which would continue to be reauthorized by Congress unless the high court took action.
Congress last reauthorized the act for another 25 years in 2006. The Supreme Court decision on the act's constitutionality is expected in late June.
In February, when the act was last brought before the Supreme Court, Scalia had said Congressional support was based in part on what he called "racial entitlement."
"I think it is attributable, very likely attributable, to a phenomenon that is called perpetuation of racial entitlement. It's been written about," Scalia said. "Whenever a society adopts racial entitlements, it is very difficult to get out of them through the normal political processes."
Scalia shot down a question on homosexuality when a student asked about the interpretation of the constitution's 14th Amendment regarding same-sex relationships, something the student suggested was a "new technical phenomena."
"There was homosexuality in the time of the 14th Amendment. Every state had laws against it. It was criminal in every state," he said. "I don't consider homosexuality a new technical phenomena … people didn't come forward and demand a constitutional right to homosexual marriage before (in the time of the 14th Amendment)."
Scalia agreed when questioned by a student as to whether fellow Justice Clarence Thomas pushed him to the right when Thomas came on to the court in 1991 or if it was the other way around.
"What had happened was I had followed Clarence's lead, he knew that," he said. "Clarence is his own man, he's not going to follow me just to follow me. You know he's a very stubborn man too, which is why he won't ask questions. The more the press is on him for not asking questions the less likely he is to ask questions."
Thomas broke his silence for the first time in seven years earlier this year when he made a joke during an oral argument.
|
<urn:uuid:af64ab17-1e89-49e9-9037-75e331b68a66>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://abcnews.go.com/m/blogEntry?id=18989368&cid=77&ts=true
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00070-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.984206
| 638
| 1.8125
| 2
|
Catawba’s Sustainable Garden Grows to 15 Beds
06/27/15 by Juanita Teschner
The Catawba College sustainable garden now has 15 beds full of tomatoes, kale, Swiss chard, broccoli, carrots, beets, strawberries, corn, lettuce and spinach.
Recent graduates Sloan Kessler and Jonathan Buffkin initiated the idea in the 2013-2014 academic year, and Environmental Stewards Forest Fugate and Joel Schlaudt have assumed leadership positions this year.
“I recently changed my major to Sustainable Business and wanted to become more involved in the department,” Fugate says.
Students are responsible for the plots they have planted. “I wanted to make sure there was as much collaboration and free reign with the plots as possible,” Fugate says. While part of the harvest will be donated to a group like a food bank or shelter or even the college cafeteria, the gardeners will be able to keep a portion of the vegetables from their personal plots.
In addition to the 12 plots managed by Catawba students, Dr. Jay Bolin’s freshman class will assume responsibility for three beds of domestic and wild corn for their freshman project in the fall.
“We've all been discussing what the best option would be for us moving forward in a way that would honor the original design but also work well for each person involved,” Fugate says. “I really want to see the garden reach its full potential.”
|
<urn:uuid:872a6c08-0d24-40a2-a747-c7fec61efcfb>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.centerfortheenvironment.org/news-reader/items/catawbas-sustainable-garden-grows-to-15-beds.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959319
| 309
| 1.703125
| 2
|
Choosing Fuel Handling Equipment
A task that’s seemingly mundane – getting gas – can quickly become a nightmare if you don’t have the right equipment. Whether you’re just transporting gas for your string trimmer or storing many gallons of fuel for your home’s generator and farming equipment, using high-quality fuel handling systems is crucial. With so many options available, it’s important to select equipment that’s easy to fill and pour while also being as safe and durable as possible.
Types of Fuel Handling Systems
Fuel cans are the standard way to transport small amounts of gas. They’re usually made of plastic or metal and have screw-on caps or nozzles that come off to fill the can. Most fuel cans can hold 1-5 gallons of gas or diesel.
Fuel caddies or carts use handles and wheels to safely and ergonomically transport medium to large amounts of fuel. They come on either two or four wheels, depending on size. Different models use various pump styles, including standard gravity-flow or two-way rotary for dispensing/siphoning when gravity isn’t an option. Fuel caddies are great for holding gas during equipment repairs: just transfer the fuel from the tank, store it in the caddy, and then refill the tank after the repair is complete.
Fuel tanks or stations are designed for transporting and storing large amounts of fuel. Most stand on short legs so they can be easily lifted. Some use gravity-fed dispense systems while others pump after being connected to a power source. Fuel tanks can hold upwards of 100+ gallons of diesel.
Factors to Consider Before Buying Fuel Equipment
Purpose: What do you need to use the gas for? If you’re only going to fill your leaf blower a few times every fall, you probably don’t need anything more than a small gas can. But storing enough fuel for a household’s generator is a different story and you’ll need to plan accordingly for transporting large amounts.
If you’ll be storing both gas and diesel, be sure to dedicate specific containers to each to avoid contamination and risk of fire. Usually a red can/caddy is for gas and yellow is for diesel.
Size: The most compact and manageable option is a 1-gallon can, which is light enough to be stored on a garage shelf. Most suburban homeowners can manage with a 2.5-gallon can or caddy. This is the ideal size for weekly lawn mowing, trimming, and chainsaw activities for up to a couple months without refilling. Upgrade to a 5-gallon can or caddy if you’ll be storing fuel for a generator, camper, or other activity. Any additional needs can be supported with larger stations and tanks.
Always keep in mind the recommended time limits on fuel storage when selecting a container size. Gas shouldn’t be stored for longer than 3-6 months, with diesel lasting a bit longer at 6-12 months. There are additional products, such as STA-BIL Fuel Stabilizer, that can increase the shelf life to up to 2 years.
Material: Storing fuel can be hazardous, so the material and durability of the system needs to be taken seriously. Plastic gas cans and caddies are lightweight and inexpensive, making them ideal for most residential needs. But they are more likely to break down over the years than metal options, especially stainless steel. It’s generally better to go with plastic equipment if you’ll be primarily transporting fuel and metal equipment if you’ll be storing it for extended periods.
Safety: Many types of fuel handling systems come with extra features to improve their safety. Spring-loaded lids and valves help seal gas tanks from leaking, even when splashing around on bumpy roads. Flame arresters prevent ignition sources from accessing the gasoline vapors. Valve locks block handlers from accidentally opening the valve when handling a can or caddy. There are lots of safety measures to look for!
Pour method: Storing gas is only half the battle – you also need to be able to pour it. Many fuel containers have on-board spouts or nozzles that make it easy to fill the mower, generator, or ATV. Models with valves enable you to adjust the pour angle without risk of spilling. If you’ll be using the stored gas on a regular basis, be sure it can be poured in an easy and clean way.
|
<urn:uuid:7f3dcc9c-74c0-4df1-a2c1-2ddfc7a8c6f4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.countryhomeproducts.com/fuel-handling-buying-guide
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00678.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.919155
| 936
| 2.0625
| 2
|
As a dedicated pet owner committed your dog's well-being, your goal is to work through the dog's house-training issues. Dogs mark inappropriately for a variety of reasons, such as anxiety or excessive excitement, or in response to the scent of other dogs in their environment. A dog that has not been neutered or spayed is more likely to mark, as is one with a medical issue such as urinary incontinence or a urinary tract infection. Once you have visited your veterinarian to rule out medical causes and modified your pet's daily routine, level of training and home environment to minimize marking, all that's left is removal of existing furniture stains.
Soak up as much of the stain as possible while it is still wet. Use an absorbent cloth, paper towels or coffee filters. Apply pressure or cover with heavy items such as books to assist in absorption. Add water to dilute any remaining urine, and continue to blot away as much moisture as possible.
Use an enzymatic cleaner to eliminate the remaining urine. Soap and chemical-based cleaners do not break down the uric acid crystals found in urine. Enzyme-based cleaners, on the other hand, bind with uric acid and subsequently destroy it, enabling you to properly remove the urine from your furniture.
Avoid the use of an ammonia-based cleaner. Your goal is to remove as much urine scent as possible so that your dog will not be compelled to continue marking in the same spot. Since urine contains ammonia, if you use an ammonia-based cleaner the residual cleaner odor may prompt more urination from your pet.
Minimize any remaining smell by covering the area with baking soda for several hours. Baking soda is alkaline and neutralizes the acid in fresh urine. Vacuum away baking soda once the odor has faded.
Try vinegar for urine stains that have dried. Use white vinegar to avoid introducing a new stain to your furniture. Most table vinegar is 5 percent acetic acid and is effective on dried urine. Once urine leaves your dog's bladder and begins to dry, it transforms into alkaline crystals, which the acidic vinegar will neutralize.
|
<urn:uuid:d1e8a2f8-48bf-4f27-b143-3c53ce462e83>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.dailypuppy.com/articles/how-to-remove-dog-urine-from-furniture_1416.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00479-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957137
| 434
| 1.703125
| 2
|
April 1 marks the beginning of Pet First Aid Awareness Month, and while you may be prepared to deal with first aid emergencies for your human kids, many people don’t think to prepare a first aid kit for their cats and dogs. It’s inevitable that your pet, like your children, may encounter some kind of injury at one point or another, and there are several things that will be helpful to have on hand when it happens.
We’ve created a simple checklist for you of the items to include in your pet emergency-ready kit:
- Phone numbers. Keep contact information for your primary veterinarian, emergency animal hospital, Animal Poison Control (888-426-4435), and any emergency contacts and yourself in your first aid kit for easy access. If you’re away, the pet-sitter can easily access this information without wasting precious time searching frantically;
- Gauze and non-stick bandages for wrapping wounds
- Adhesive tape for securing bandages or gauze
- Milk of magnesia or activated charcoal to absorb ingested poisons (call your vet before administering)
- Hydrogen peroxide (3%) to induce vomiting (call your vet before administering)
- Digital fever thermometer to check temperature
- Eye dropper to administer oral treatments or flush a wound with antiseptic
- Muzzle to cover pet’s head and prevent biting. Muzzles can be made from gauze, towels, or nylon stockings in a pinch (only use a muzzle if your pet is not vomiting)
- Leash to transport pet if he or she can walk without further injury
- Blanket or yoga mat to act as a stretcher in the event that your pet cannot walk
In addition, there are several tips to be aware of when handling an injured pet. Never assume that even the gentlest pet will not bite or nip when injured. Pain and fear can cause instinct to take over and your pet may display primal behaviors while you’re treating him.
Don’t try to hug or comfort your pet and keep your face away from her face, as this may scare or further injure the animal. Perform an assessment of your pet’s injuries slowly and gently, and stop if the animal becomes agitated or aggressive. If possible, try to wrap or split any injuries before moving your pet.
Call your vet or emergency animal hospital on the way so they are prepared for the nature of the injuries when you arrive. Keep in mind that any first aid performed on your pet should be considered an intermediary measure pending examination by your veterinarian. Once you have stabilized your pet, call your vet immediately for further guidance.
Please see links below for further information from the American Veterinary Medical Association:
Basic Pet First Aid Procedures
First Aid When Traveling with Pets
Pets and Disaster Preparedness
|
<urn:uuid:f9b4ec98-e32b-4815-8d3d-961cb38dafac>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.metlifepetinsurance.com/blog/pet-health/pet-first-aid-awareness-month/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00267.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.90319
| 583
| 2.40625
| 2
|
Undergraduates and Cambridge dowagers filled Sanders Theatre yesterday afternoon to hear Archibald MacLeish discuss "Words as Signs." The Boylston Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory is giving a series of public lectures on "Poetry as Experience."
MacLeish distinguished between the sound and sense of words, pointing out that only a few words in any language (like "buzz" or "hum") have a sound which fits their meaning.
In poetry, he felt, the meaning of the words is often insignificant. Using an anonymous poem entitled "The Maidens Came" as an example, he also indicated that the ideas in a poem often seem unrelated. The poet's message, then, is carried by the other factors of the poem, such as the structure of its lines and the rhythm of its words.
Finally, he proposed that a poem could even say things that were false, and still mean a great deal because "emotion brings to truth" its "structure of untruth."
|
<urn:uuid:2ead9f20-9ddf-4c4d-85b9-3fde7ecbcd23>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.thecrimson.com/article/1959/10/29/macleish-discusses-words-as-signs-in/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982088
| 207
| 2.5
| 2
|
May 22, 2010
The Sound Of Seduction
Lowering voice may be means of signaling attraction, research finds
Flirtation may seem largely visual "“ the preening, the coy eye contact "“ but voice plays a role, too.Lowering your voice may be a means of demonstrating attraction, says Susan Hughes, assistant professor of psychology at Albright College in Reading, Pa., in a study, "Vocal and Physiological Changes in Response to the Physical Attractiveness of Controversial Partners," to be published in the fall by the Journal of Nonverbal Behavior.
"We found that both sexes used a lower-pitch voice and showed a higher level of physiological arousal when speaking to a more attractive opposite-sex target," she says.
The study examined 48 Albright students using Skype to leave scripted voice-messages while viewing a picture of a fictitious person "receiving" the message. The men and women the participants looked at varied in attractiveness.
Hughes "“ who expected that women would raise their voices to sound more feminine and attractive "“ was surprised.
"There appears to be a common stereotype in our culture that deems a sexy female voice as one that sounds husky, breathy, and lower-pitched," she says. "This suggests that the motivation to display a sexy/seductive female voice may conflict with the motivation to sound more feminine."
Female voice manipulation suggests that altering their tone may be a learned behavior based on sexual voice stereotypes rather than actual vocal characteristics of attractiveness. "When a woman naturally lowers her voice, it may be perceived as her attempt to sound more seductive or attractive, and therefore serves as a signal of her romantic interest," she adds.
Their research also measured people's awareness of the changes in others' voices.
"These findings may have implications for the important role voice plays in mate selection and attraction," she says. "If people can perceive changes in others' voices when speaking to attractive individuals, this perception may be adaptive for identifying interested potential mates, detecting partner interest in others, and possible detection of partner infidelity."
Says Hughes, "The sound of a voice can communicate a wealth of biologically and socially important information."
On the Net:
|
<urn:uuid:e7875f02-a1c0-425d-b3cc-816d969b6223>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.redorbit.com/news/health/1869185/the_sound_of_seduction/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955638
| 460
| 2.625
| 3
|
Ever heard the phrase “build a better mouse trap?” Well that’s phrase is now obsolete because there is no better mouse trap than this!
The bucket mouse trap catches many mice in a single trap and does not need to be reset between mice. It’s also so simple to make that you probably already have all the parts needed lying around your garage.
Never purchase commercial mouse traps or poison again!
Build a Bucket Mousetrap
So you’ve decided to take care of your mouse problem the bucket way!
You’ll just need a few items to make this quick trap.
Assemble your Soldiers:
- 5 Gallon Bucket
- Dowel – metal is best but wood will work (try a metal clothes hanger)
- Tin can (pop can works fine)
- Peanut butter
- Scrap of wood for ramp
- Drill holes at the top of the bucket, on 2 opposite sides
- Drill holes in the middle of each flat side of a soda can
- Insert a dowel through the bucket holes and the soda can holes, to end up with a unit that looks like the image.
- Bait with peanut butter and add a ramp for the mice to get up.
- Fill the bottom few inches with water if you plan to kill the mice, or leave it if you want to release them somewhere or feed them live to your snake!
The trap works when a mouse at the top of the ramp tries to jump onto the tin can to eat the bait. The mouse’s weight throws the can into motion, which bucks the mouse off into the bucket below.
Several readers have asked about the green liquid in the bottom of the pail. Some bucket mouse trappers use antifreeze in their pails. It helps “preserve” the mice, preventing them from rotting and creating a huge odor problem. This might be necessary if you’re trapping mice in a vacation cabin or bug out shelter which you won’t visit for months at a time. It will also make sure the liquid does not freeze in an unheated building.
There are tons of alternative designs for the bucket mouse trap. Every single one’s been discussed in the comments sections. I’m going to outline my favorite variations here.
Bucket Rat Trap
What works for mice also works for rats, but rats can escape from a 5 gallon bucket so use a 55 gallon drum instead. For a drowning trap use at least 6 inches of water in the bottom.
This bucket mouse trap’s being used in a chicken house. Mice are a big problem for chicken keepers since they love to fatten themselves on those expensive little chicken pellets.
The biggest disadvantage of this trap is you need to reset it after every 2 mice it catches. It’s also likely that your chickens will knock your delicate planks down.
But what I do like about this design is that this bucket is square. Meaning it can be mounted on that 2×4 behind it. So you can hang your trap up in a shed or coop, it doesn’t have to take up floor place.
Also – did you know that chickens will eat mice? I’ve seen a chicken swallow a mouse whole.
Catch Multiple Mice in Less Space
Since I first wrote this article in 2012, I’ve observed numerous new mouse trap designs come to market. But very few can catch multiple mice without being reset.
My favorite so far is this mouse condo design. It’s tiny – way smaller than the bucket mouse trap – and cheap. It doesn’t need to be reset, and can hold numerous mice. It’s also got a big window so you can see when the trap is full. Best of all it’s (mostly) made from metal so it’s durable.
This trap is a “humane” trap – meaning it doesn’t kill the mice. You’ll have to drive them out to the landfill or something to release them. Or feed them to your snake.
It’s also the best performing humane trap on the market, although it still doesn’t perform quite as well as kill traps do. If you want to try it out, here’s the link to the Amazon listing.
Mouse Trap Links:
- “Mouse Roller” – one company made the dowel portion of the mouse bucket trap for you. Outer sheath rotates along a central axis. Make sure you have the right width bucket though; it apparently won’t work on standard 5 gallon size.
- Live Catch Cage Trap – a very popular no-kill trap that doesn’t just catch mice. Works on rats, squirrels, weasels and moles. Might catch your pet too, but it won’t hurt them.
|
<urn:uuid:2384380e-2929-4665-a263-52474850d525>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://fivegallonideas.com/bucket-mouse-trap/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00466.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930995
| 1,034
| 1.898438
| 2
|
Michigan US Senator Debbie Stabenow says the Obama administration is handling the volatile Korean situation well.
North Korea bombed a South Korea fishing village this week, prompting South Korea to fire back.
This weekend, US and South Korean naval forces are planning a joint exercise off the North Korean coast.
Stabenow says it’s important for the US not to back down.
"At this point I think we have to go ahead with what we think is appropriate," says Stabenow, "But we have to monitor this very closely. They internally have a lot of volatility in their own leadership....so we have to watch this closely."
The reasons behind this week’s attack by North Korea remain unclear.
|
<urn:uuid:6ab4c2f9-db2f-41ac-b1aa-51ca7d7d582d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://michiganradio.org/post/stabenow-we-need-watch-north-korea-closely
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963534
| 148
| 1.71875
| 2
|
PIG FEED FORMULAS, PIG FEED FORMULATIONS, SWINE FEED FORMULAS, SWINE FEED FORMULATIONS, PIG DIET, PIG RATION, SWINE DIET, SWINE
PIG FEED FORMULAS, SWINE FEED FORMULAS—Save 40%
by mixing own pig feeds, swine feeds, pig ration, pig diet, swine ration
Feed formula recipe and instructions -- ($90) for each one feed formula.
PIG FEED FORMULAS, PIG FEED FORMULATIONS, SWINE FEED FORMULAS, SWINE FEED FORMULATIONS, PIG DIET, PIG RATION, SWINE DIET, SWINE RATION
Pig Feed Formulas or Feed Formulations to Save on Feed Cost
Save on feed cost by using a computer-balanced feed formula for making pig feeds, pig ration, swine feed, or swine ration.
A feed formula or feed formulation is an easy-to-understand computer-balanced recipe and instructions for mixing pig feed using common,locally-available ingredients. For this reason you have to indicate your country of operation. Instructions for packaging and storing the mixed feeds come together with the feed formula. Own-mixed feeds using computer-balanced feed formulas or feed formulations are 40% cheaper than commercial feeds because the ingredients are bought directly from farms or rice and corn mills. Own-mixed feeds have better quality than commercial feeds because the farmer can select fresh ingredients.
How to Use Feed Formulas or Feed Formulations to Make Feeds at Home
- Just follow the following steps to make pig feed (or pig ration, swine feed, hog feed, swine ration).
Pellet feeds and mash feeds may be made at home using ordinary kitchen utensils or equipment.
- The main ingredient can be corn or corn fines or cassava or banana rejects or any cereal grains. Mix with rice bran or corn bran, which you buy from farmers or rice mill,
- Follow instructions from a computer-generated commercial feed formula or feed formulation, and mix the ingredients in clean basin or clean cement mixer,
- Package the feeds,
- Store the feeds in a cool, dry place.
A feed formula or feed formulation indicates the percentages or weights per ingredient. Each feed formulais computer-balanced according to U.S. National Research Council recommendations and latest industry researches on livestock, fish and pet nutrition. Own-mixed feeds using computer-balanced feed formulas have better nutrients than commercial feeds and results in better livestock performance.
Only commercial feed formulas can be used profitably in large-scale production. Eight to 20 ingredients are used in a commercial feed formula to have a cheap feed while only 4-8 ingredients are used in an owner-type feed formula for easy sourcing of ingredients. You can save with either feed formula because you buy ingredients direct from farmers.
It is not protein content only that is important in feeds, diets or rations but the amount of each limiting amino acid, vitamins and minerals. Feeds account for 60-70% of production cost. The profitability of a livestock operation depends greatly on computer-balanced feed formulas. Unbalanced feeds result in poor production and, worse, high mortality. All required nutrients should be present in proper amounts. More or less will affect the absorption of other nutrients and can cause low feed conversion, poor production and high mortality in young animals.
HOW TO ORDERS FEED FORMULAS:
Pay thru Palawan Pawnshop or M Lhuillier (or Western Union if you’re outside the Philippines).
Price per feed formula = US$90, unless otherwise indicated below.
Then text +63 910 266 8441 (no calls allowed)—
- the feed formula(s) you want,
- your email address, and
- money transfer details.
- You can specify “organic feed formula” if you want.
Next day delivery via email of feed formula/instructions.
Specify the feed formulas you want:
Pls see other ads
Hobbyist feed formulas can be ordered for only P15 per one formula, but cannot be used profitably in a medium, or large scale operation.
FOR MORE INFORMATION:
Google “pig feed formulas vansamson sulit”
|
<urn:uuid:393f57a8-f2b0-4e14-ba98-f626282a9030>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/PIG-FEED-FORMULAS-SWINE-FEED-FORMULATIONS_128237981.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00078-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.8359
| 904
| 1.851563
| 2
|
Like the conventional stock segment, the forex trading market, too, comes with its own set of jargon and terminology. Hence, before you start delving into deep waters, it’d be best for you to learn about them first. So, here’s what we’ll do here.
First, we’ll focus on the fundamental terms that‘re used on a regular basis in the forex market. And then, I’ll share some insights about a few jargon you must keep in mind to improve your overall trading experience. Let’s get started with it, then.
Basic Terms To Know About
These terms are generally used in the market on a daily basis. Thus, if you want to become a frequent trader, you should note these down somewhere in your notebook.
And, yes… you’ll need to know about them even if you’re using a simplified hosting server provider, like forexvps. So, let’s begin.
- Pip: This term is all about noting the smallest or lowest increment in which a pair of currencies is priced. However, it’s subjected to alteration quite frequently due to the amount of money being traded and the timing of the movement.
- Bid: The price at which you or a broker is willing to buy a currency pair. It might be changed from time to time depending on the underlying value of the pair.
- Spread: The difference between the selling and buying price of a currency pair. You can find this term mostly in a trading platform while comparing the pricing.
- Quote: It’s the second currency situated within a currency pair. In some cases, it may be referred to as a denominator as well.
- Base: This one is the first currency available in a pair. For example, if you’re trading a USD/CAD pair, USD would be the base here. And the quote will be CAD.
- Leverage: It refers to gaining exposure to a substantial amount of the currency without paying the whole value. It allows you to trade more without sharing too much money.
Stepping Into The Advanced Zone
Now, in this section, I’ll tell you about some terms that you may not have to use regularly, but they’re important nonetheless. Let’s keep scrolling.
Terms To Know – 1: Cross Rate
The term “cross rate” refers to the exchange rate between two currencies. But, this phrase can also be utilized to cite a currency quote that doesn’t feature the U.S. dollar.
For instance, if a pair of Euro and Yen was published in an American newspaper, it’ll be cited as cross-rate in this aspect. It’s because none of the aforesaid currencies belong to the USA.
Terms To Know – 2: Margin
Margin, in essence, is the deposit you’ll require to maintain or open a position. It’ll be either “used” or “free,” depending on how or where you’re trading.
For example, used margin refers to “that” amount of money, which you’re using to maintain an open position in the market. The free one is all about the cash available to open a new a/c.
Terms To Know – 3: Bear And Bull Market
A bear market, in essence, is a part of the forex trading environment that’s been declining for quite some time. It indicates that the market will have more short-selling than usual.
Conversely, the bull market is a trading segment where most people are considering opening a new account. It has a higher value proposition than a bull market.
Terms To Know – 4: Inflation
Inflation is all about indicating a sudden rise in price in a market. And, in forex trading, it refers to the cost of currency pairs in a specific economy or nation.
The inflation rate of a currency pair can affect almost any trading asset by either increasing or lowering its value. So, if you feel like your trading market is being inflated all of a sudden, it’s always better to pull out from there.
Terms To Know – 5: Broker
Just like the stock market, the job of a broker is to work as an intermediary for a trader and a financial institution. They’re primarily hired to execute a payment procedure.
However, if you want, you can also take their help to create a proper forex trading plan. They can also offer their assistance in learning more about the market first-hand.
The Bottom Line!
I could only offer a few terms through this blog, which, I know, isn’t enough to master the forex trading market. However, it’ll start you off well in your journey and get accustomed to the market in a better way.
In any case, if you still have something to ask or suggest, I’ll ask you to use the comment section to let me know. I’ll definitely go through the same and let you know about my verdict shortly. Anyways, that’ll be all for now. Have a good day ahead!
|
<urn:uuid:042fe074-3bc6-43a0-8994-513c20f50416>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://saasmetrics.co/5-major-forex-trading-terms-every-investor-should-be-aware-of/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.932787
| 1,097
| 1.921875
| 2
|
Mindfulness & Meditation in Psychotherapeutic Practice
By Zur Institute
View a complete list of Clinical Updates.
For nearly a century, the therapeutic stance of the psychotherapist as directed by Freud and his colleagues has been that of the "blank slate." More recently, however, psychotherapists have begun to adapt their therapeutic approach by drawing on interactive tools and techniques historically associated with Eastern practices and Integrative Medicine. Of those techniques and practices in use, there is a growing body of research regarding the positive impact of meditation in psychotherapy.
Did you know:
- Mindful "attention" is at the foundation of psychotherapy.
- While they may not have used the term "mindfulness," Freud, Bion and Horney all insisted that the principles inherent in mindful practice are those which underlie competent and effective psychotherapy.
- Kabat-Zinn's Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction techniques were originally designed for use in hospitals with patients with painful, debilitating disorders.
- Studies note that the practice of being mindful can lead progressively to awareness of and freedom from the subtle mental conditioning we are exposed to every day.
- Mindfulness practices may include the practice of mindful sitting, walking and movement exercises, and mindful eating and group led activities in mindfulness.
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a mindfulness technique primarily used to enable couples to better relate to one another.
- According to neurological expert Rick Hanson, Ph.D., the mind is what the brain does. As your brain changes, your mind changes, and as the mind changes, so does the brain.
- Research indicates that resting the mind routinely on even the small joys of life allows the brain to become more resilient to disease.
- Teaching people to respond to stressful situations reflectively rather than reflexively, can effectively counter experiential avoidance strategies, which are attempts to alter the intensity or frequency of unwanted internal experiences.
- Research suggests that Mind-Body Therapy (MBT) improves symptoms of anxiety and depression across a relatively wide range of severity, even when these symptoms are associated with other disorders, such as medical problems.
- The addition of guided imagery to the passive progressive relaxation technique may enhance a person's ability to imagine and embody desired change.
|
<urn:uuid:71de6487-00ee-4b13-b87b-9caabe1c1a19>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.zurinstitute.com/meditation_clinicalupdate.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00108-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930945
| 463
| 3
| 3
|
OverviewThis is the highest of the Minaret chain, which is itself part of the Ritter Range, a dark metamorphic core of the ancient Sierra. Clyde is not only the highest but also the most massive of the minarets. It almost completely eclipses the slender needle of Michael Minaret only a few feet lower when viewed from the southeast. Excellent routes abound on this peak, from easy class 4 to difficult multi-pitch climbs found on the steep south face.
From Minaret Lake to the east, Clyde Minaret appears to rise to a high point. The left side sports the classic SE Face while the right skyline view is the also popular Rock Route. From Iceberg and Cecile Lake, Clyde Minaret appears more massive, with the numerous class 4-5 chutes on the north side visible.
Getting ThereFrom US395, take SR203 into Mammoth Lakes. Follow the highway (turn right at the second light) to the main lodge of Mammoth Mountain. If you are there before 7a or after 7:30p, you can continue past the ski resort, driving over Minaret Summit and down towards Devils Postpile. During the daylight hours above, all visitors must pay a $5/person fee, and use the mandatory shuttle bus. Hikers and cyclists can enter on their own, but must still pay the fee. See the Red Tape section below.
There are two trailheads used to access Clyde Minaret. Minaret Lake Trail, branching off the John Muir Trail from the Devils Postpile ranger station is the shortest approach, about 7 miles. A slightly longer route (about 8 miles) but with less elevation gain uses the Shadow Lake Trail out of Agnew Meadows. The Shadow Lake Trail is easily the more scenic of the two approaches and highly recommended.
Red Tape & Mountain ConditionsLots of Red Tape. SR203 west of the Minaret Summit(designated "Reds Meadow Valley") has travel restrictions due to the narrow one-lane road (in many sections) and the limited parking available at the popular national monument. Travel by car into the area is unrestricted before 7a and after 7:30p, so try to plan your trip accordingly. Between these hours it is required that you take the shuttle bus which leaves every 30 minutes, and more frequently during periods of high use (buses will accomodate backpacks). If you want to do a loop starting at Agnew and returning to Devils Postpile, you can ride the shuttle for free back to Agnew Meadows. Once your vehicle is in the area, you are free to exit anytime of day, but you will be subject to the $7 per-person charge if you haven't previously paid the fee and the entrance station is manned. Backpackers with permits do not have an exemption from using the shuttle during normal daytime hours.
Entry fee into Reds Meadow Valley is $7 per person, which allows free use of the shuttle. National Parks Pass and USFS Adventure Passes are not valid here. The fee is used to pay for and encourage the use of the shuttle bus.
Everything you need to know about conditions, permits and regulations can be found on the Eastern Sierra - Logisitcal Center page.
On the more popular trails (Thousand Island Lake, Shadow Lake, Minaret Lake, etc.) camp fires are not permitted and camping is restricted to designated areas. On popular summer weekends the quota for permits may run out, so advance reservation is advised (fee apply).
When To ClimbMt. Ritter can be climbed generally only as long as Highway 203 remains open west of the Sierra Crest. The road is closed during winter months due to the high danger of avalanche on the upper section of the highway. The road usually opens around Memorial Day, and closes sometime in mid-October. Call the Ranger Station for closure information if you plan a trip near either of these times.
Climbing during other times in the year can still be done, but will require a longer trek starting near the Mammoth Mtn main ski lodge. With a bit more of a time allowance winter mountaineering in the Minarets is an unforgetable experience!
CampingCamping is allowed in most places in the Ansel Adams Wilderness. There are special restrictions in the area between Shadow Lake and Ediza Lake, designed to reduce impact in these highly used areas. You can get information on these restrictions at the Ranger Station when you pick up your permit, and there are maps posted along the trail showing the restricted areas.
The Minaret Lakes Trail is not so restricted and generally less crowded. There are some fine campsites to be found at Minaret and Iceberg Lakes. The latter has one of the most stunning settings in the Minaret area.
Etymology"The Minarets were the scene of much climbing activity in August 1933, when Walter A. Starr, Jr., was reported overdue from a trip to the Ritter Range. A large search party composed of some of California's finest climbers spent a week in the area, climbing peaks and checking summit registers, continually looking for clues from the missing man. The search was called off on August 19 but Clyde remained, climbing Leonard Minaret and searching the shores of Cecil Lake that day. On August 21 he climbed Clyde Minaret, looking for signs of a fallen climber in the bergschrund along its north glacier. Two days later he searched the cliffs above Amphitheater Lake with binoculars, and continued the search from the summit of Kehrlein Minaret. On August 25 he put all of the clues together, and climbed Michael Minaret via Clyde's Ledge. During the descent a fly droned by, and then another. He moved north, away from the Portal, and turned to face the northwestern side of Michael Minaret. And then he saw the earthly remains of Walter A. Starr, Jr. A few days later, Clyde and Jules Eichorn interred the body on the ledge where it had come to rest, while Starr's father, Walter A. Starr, Sr., watched from below."
-R. J. Secor, The High Sierra, Peaks, Passes, and Trails
"Norman Clyde, a name as legendary as that of Fremont or Muir. Norman Clyde, a man to whom the entire High Sierra was as familiar as ones own back yard. Norman Clyde, whose own life is much less known than that of the Greek heroes whose sagas he carried in his pack.
And how did this come about? For Clyde was a quiet, sometimes taciturn man, who often failed to leave a record of his achievements, and never boasted about his fabulous ascents. Yet, since he made his first trip to the top of Mt. Whitney, almost a half century ago, climbers have been finding his records on remote summits. A strong team of skilled rockclimbers will conquer a lonely spire, using the most modern of climbing gear and techniques and will summit with well-coordinated teamwork, only to find on a faded Kodak box, the record of a solo climb of more than six decades ago. Or, at the high point of a distant ridge will be found a small cairn, with no written record -- obviously the work of man -- and a climber will turn to his companion with, 'Well, it looks like ours would have been a first ascent, if not for Norman Clyde.' Later, upon discussing the route with him, Clyde would ponder a bit, ask a couple of questions about some difficult pitch encountered on the ascent, then admit he had been there scores of years ago.
Clyde was never one to bring up these mountaineering achievements. He would often sidestep them, or respond with his dry sense of humor, mentioning that he was in fact '350 years old,' but he was never known to make a false statement when talking seriously. It was easy to tell the difference between his banter and his true accounts of his life and work. Research completely verifies the data and dates that he supplied.
Clyde's father, Charles Clyde was born in Antrim County in the north of Ireland in 1854. He migrated to this country at the age of seven. Clyde's mother, born Belle (Isabel) Purvis, was a native of Butler, a small city about thirty miles north of Pittsburgh. Charles and Belle were married at Butler and took up residence in Philadelphia, where Norman Asa Clyde, the first of nine children, was born the following year, on April 8, 1885. His father was a self-taught clergyman of the Covenanter sect of the Presbyterian faith.
When Clyde was three, the family moved to Ohio. His father served at a number of small churches, seldom staying more than a year at any one parsonage. Apparently the independence of thought that was later to dictate Clyde's flight to the mountains was honestly inherited. Eventually, his family moved to Glengarry County, near Ottawa, and Clyde remembered arriving there on the Queen's Jubilee (May 24, 1897).
Clyde lived there from the time he was twelve until he was seventeen. He could fish and hunt, practically in his own backyard, and soon became expert in both. His father, being self-taught and an avid student of the classics, took care of his son's schooling at home. Subsequently, Clyde learned Latin and Greek almost as early as he did his native tongue.
His father was stricken with pneumonia and passed away at the age of 46. His mother gathered up her flock and returned to western Pennsylvania. Clyde enrolled in Geneva College at Beaver Falls, but as he had no formal schooling, he had several deficiencies to make up at the prep level. Graduating with a degree in Classic Literature from Geneva in June, 1909, he immediately started west. He taught at several small rural schools across the country, including Fargo, North Dakota, and Mt. Pleasant, Utah. One summer was spent at the University of Wisconsin, John Muir's alma mater; another on a cattle spread in Utah.
Deciding that he needed more education to progress in the teaching field, he enrolled at the University of California at Berkeley in 1911. Summers were spent in the mountains and in teaching at summer schools. One was at Elko, Nevada, where he spent his spare time climbing the Humbolt Range.
At the end of two years at the university, Clyde found that he still lacked one course in Romance Drama and his thesis. He balked at the drama course, maintaining that Italian plays should be read in Italian, French dramas in French -- neither in English. He could see no sense in struggling with a thesis which no one would ever read, so he quietly left the university without completing his master's degree.
During the next dozen years, the details of Clyde's life are rather sketchy, both in and out of the mountains. We know that he taught in a number of small schools in central and northern California. He remembered teaching near Stockton, and he spent a year each at Mt. Shasta and Weaverville. From his mountaineering notes, he must have spent some time in Arizona. Sometime during this period, he married a young lady from Pasadena. This is one part of his life that he refused to discuss. It is known that they lived together for three years and that she passed away from tuberculosis. It is apparent that he felt a deep love for his bride, and undoubtedly her passing was a strong factor in shaping his character.
In the field of mountaineering, we have a few more records. He was in Yosemite in 1914, where he first met up with the Sierra Club, joining with them on a trip to Tuolumne. Clyde became a member of the Club that year. After leading the annual Club outing, he traveled south along the backbone of the Sierra with a packtrain run by Charley Robinson, an old-time Sierra packer. The trip ended at Lone Pine, and Clyde made the first of his fifty ascents of Mt. Whitney at this time. Another page of his notes lists seven ascents of Weaver Bally in the Trinity country of northern California.
Clyde accompanied the Sierra Club on their trip from Yosemite through Evolution Valley in 1920, during which which time he made several first ascents. It was on this trip that he carried the first of his famous big packs. Leaving the Valley a couple of days behind the Sierra Club and not knowing for sure whether he could catch up with the group, he took along sufficient food. As he swung by Camp Curry, he noticed a platform scale, and weighed his pack in at seventy-five pounds. The next night was spent with a survey crew that he had met on the trail. They seemed amazed at the size of the pack (at the time Clyde weighed 140 pounds) and kept commenting about it. In the morning, one of the crew suggested that he might have trouble finding the packtrain and suggested that he take along a few extra cans of food that they had. Another offered a couple of other items. As later companions were to find out, Clyde never turned down free supplies. The group kept offering him more, while relating the dangers of being caught in the wilderness without food. After they had loaded him down with an additional twenty pounds, he was allowed to go his way. It was not until the next day that Clyde realized it had all been a gag to see how much he could carry, but it is still a question as to which side came out ahead with the gag.
In the fall of 1924, Clyde was appointed principal of the high school at Independence in Owens Valley. Situated at the foot of Mt. Williamson, probably the most magnificent of all the 14,000-footers, it was within easy driving distance of most of the approaches to the High Sierra. Every weekend, he would lock up his school and dash off for the peaks. The record for 1925 shows that he logged 48 climbs, of which exactly half were first ascents. Only on six of the total number did he have a climbing companion. The following year, the number of ascents was boosted to sixty -- that is sixty that have been recorded. Clyde was exploring the range at a rate that far surpassed the records of Brewer, Clarence King, or John Muir.
However, a number of the townspeople were not so impressed by this record. Certainly Clyde was an excellent instructor and he controlled the wild youths of this mountain valley like they had never been controlled before. But a school teacher, especially a principal, was supposed to be an important man in the social and cultural life of the community. On Sunday, he should be attending on of the local churches. On Friday night, if there was a school social function, the principal was an honored, if captive, guest. Many of the neighbors were openly stating that Independence High needed a principal that would act as a principal should, rather than a crazy mountain climber.
Then came Halloween of 1927. Rumor had it that the boys were going to play many a prank on the school facilities and it seemed that these were not to be harmless pranks. Clyde stationed himself nearby, armed with a .38-caliber revolver. As a carload of youths drove onto the school grounds, he challenged them. They refused to stop, so he fired a warning shot. Apparently the rowdies believed that Clyde could be bluffed and kept on. He fired a second shot, which ricocheted fragments of lead onto the car. The hoodlums left and soon were telling the story all over the town, taking the whole thing as a huge joke.
Not so the parents -- they waited upon the sheriff and demanded a warrant for attempted murder. The sheriff turned down this request, saying that if Clyde had attempted murder, it would have been murder, as he was the best pistol shot in the county. Next a request was made for a complaint charging illegal use of firearms. After a few days, Clyde resigned; all charges were dropped and Independence had traded its most colorful principal for a teacher that would act as a teacher should act.
No longer tied to regular employment, he plunged into a full-time study of the High Sierra. Within the next year a large number of articles poured from his pen, including the well-known series 'Close Ups' of Our High Sierra that first appeared in Touring Topics (the predecessor to Westways) in the spring and summer of 1928.
His summers were spent climbing in the backcountry. At times Clyde would guide parties to the summit of difficult peaks and it made no difference if the climbers were a USGS party attempting to place a benchmark on an 'unscaleable' summit or a lady peak-bagger; they made their peaks with Norman Clyde.
His winters were usually spent as a caretaker at a mountain resort. Thus, he was able to hole-in at such places as Glacier Point at Yosemite, Giant Forest at Sequoia, Parcher and Andrews camps on Bishop Creek, Glacier Lodge above Big Pine, and at Whitney Portal. Many were the times that Clyde rescued lost or snowbound climbers, or if not called in time, located their bodies. His ability to locate wrecked planes had been the subject of numerous Magazine stories. In 1939, his alma mater, Geneva College, awarded him a degree of Doctor of Science in appreciation of his mountain writings.
Well into his late seventies, Clyde still spent his summers acting as a guide on Sierra Club Base Camp trips and continued to lead private parties into his beloved Sierra. Much of the gruffness of his earlier years had disapperared, and his clear light blue eyes and pink, freshly shaven face gave him the appearance of an alpine gnome. He used to say that he would continue to climb the Sierra until the day he would just forget to come back.
During his last years, Clyde spent most of his time living at his old ranch house on Baker Creek, near Big Pine, California -- a primitive three-room place with no electricity or plumbing. He used kerosene lanterns and the running water of a stream which flowed through a spring house. His home and adjoining arbor were covered with a canopy of grape vines and climbing roses.
Clyde spent part of each summer at Sierra Club base camps, where he would entertain at campfires with tales of his earlier years. He was always available to chat with those who wished to hear directly from him about those magnificent and legendary days in the Range of Light.
In his mid-eighties, Clyde was found to be suffering from an enlarged heart, and it became obvious that he would require more attention. So his last few years were spent in a rest home in Big Pine -- until he set out for his final ascent on the twenty-third day of December, 1972.
Various newspaper accounts reported that Clyde had been buried in Tonopah, Nevada. Yet a final resting place in a mining town located in central Nevada seemed strange to those who knew him, in part because he rarely left the east side of the Sierra. Actually, a small party of mountaineers, namely Jules Eichorn, Smoke Blanchard with son Bob, and Nort Benner, quiely carried Clyde's ashes up Big Pine Creek to the peak that Norman Clyde looked out upon from his ranch window in Baker Creek. It was on the jagged crest of that peak, which would later bear his name, that Clyde's ashes were scattered in full view of the magnificent Sierra Nevada."
-Walt Wheelock, in the Introduction to Norman Clyde Close Ups of the High Sierra
"I was a young boy when I first met Norman Clyde. Though I don't remember exactly when I met him, I do know that on the Sierra Club High Trip of 1926 to Yellowstone National Park, my father left me in the care of Dr. Vernon Bailey and went off with Norman Clyde and others to climb the Grand Teton.
Norman Clyde lived much of his life in the Owens Valley and the Sierra Nevada. He came to Los Angeles once or twice a year and would use Dawson's Book Shop as his post office, bank, library and storage facility. He was about three years younger than my father, Ernest.
During the summer of 1927, I was again on the Sierra Club High Trip where I made my first High Sierra climb, an ascent of Table Mountain led by Norman Clyde, who at the time was still a high school principal in Independence.
On some of the High Trips, Norman was paid to assist on mountain climbs. Jules Eichorn and I usually preferred to climb on our own at our own pace, but Norman made himself available to us for advice and suggestions.
In 1931, Francis Farquhar invited me and Jules Eichorn to be part of the Palisades Climbing School with Norman Clyde and Robert Underhill. Norman was our guide in the ascents of what are now known as Starlight and Thunderbolt. Following the Palisades, five of us went to Mt. Whitney. Jules roped up with Norman and I with Robert Underhill. On August 16, 1931, we climbed the East Face of Mt. Whitney.
In 1932, Bestor Robinson organized a climb of El Picacho del Diablo, the highest peak in Baja California. Norman Clyde, Dick Jones, Walter Brem, Nathan Clark and I were invited to participate.
In 1933, Jules Eichorn, Dick Jones, and I were asked to join the search for Walter Starr Jr. We found indications of his being on Michael Minaret. After the search was called off and most of us had to leave, it was Norman who stayed on and found Starr's body, which he interred in a great cairn of granite.
I always had to reduce my load of equipment to the bare minimum to keep up with Norman. He could carry monumental loads which included such items as a pistol, a shoe cobbler's outfit, sewing equipment, books, tools and kitchenware. Much of this seemed unnecessary to me.
Once he visited us at our home in Los Angeles. The back end of his car was piled high with camping gear and Norman admitted there was a mouse living in the back of his automobile. He wasn't able to catch the mouse although his experiences trapping martens in the High Sierra during the dead of winter were quite successful.
Norman was always very polite and cooperative with me, perhaps because I was one of Ernest's sons. However, on occasion, Norman could be very persistent, stubborn, and unyielding. His published writings gave elegant details of his prodigious mountain climbing feats, while his personal letters expressed his opinions colorfully and definitely.
Norman wrote, rewrote and recycled his submissions to a wide variety of mostly obscure periodicals, but he had one good paying customer, Phil Townsend Hanna of Touring Topics, the Automobile Club of Southern California's original monthly magazine, and predecessor to Westways and Avenues. A bibliography or checklist of Clyde's published writings would certainly be a challenge to anyone willing to take on the task. One of my own most treasured items, is a four page off-print from the 1931 American Alpine Journal's 'Difficult Peaks of the Sierra Nevada,' which Norman inscribed to me.
There has been an increasing interest in the life and exploits of Norman Clyde. No one has had a closer identification with the summits of the High Sierra than Norman Clyde and no one will ever duplicate what he accomplished in his lifetime."
-Glen Dawson, "Recollections" in Norman Clyde Close Ups of the High Sierra
|
<urn:uuid:8f264dde-a9fd-462c-920d-b08db3a856cd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.summitpost.org/page/150625
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00211-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982039
| 4,847
| 1.710938
| 2
|
MANAGUA, NICARAGUA -- Daniel Ortega, who spent the 1980s fighting a U.S.-backed insurgency, said in his presidential victory speech Wednesday night that he would work closely with other leftist leaders in Latin America, while blasting U.S. Republicans and the Iraq war.
After spending the day in meetings aimed at calming critics shaken by his return to power, Ortega gave a rousing speech before a sea of supporters calling for increased trade with all countries, including the United States.
In a veiled reference to the U.S. warnings against his return to power, he said: "The sovereignty of Nicaragua has triumphed!"
He also said Americans had thrown Republicans out of Congress in elections Tuesday "because they are bent on maintaining a war that has been rejected by the entire world."
He has promised to fight for the rights of the poor, eradicate poverty and stay close to leftist leaders like Cuba's Fidel Castro and Venezuela's Hugo Chavez.
Ortega thanked his leftist "brothers" in Latin America, including U.S. foes Chavez and Castro.
|
<urn:uuid:06c8fac2-95eb-461c-84de-aa8f46a23d14>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.globalexchange.org/print/17170
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00353-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.97013
| 225
| 1.757813
| 2
|
Low-voltage lighting has become increasingly popular in homes, hotels, restaurants and retail stores. A typical low-voltage system reduces your 120-volt residential electricity to 12 or 24 volts. This is accomplished with the help of an electronic or magnetic transformer installed before the lighting system. Low-voltage systems can be installed in your regular electrical boxes. With a little knowledge of home electrical work and some common tools, you can install a low-voltage system in an afternoon.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Low-voltage lighting kit
- Twist-on wire connectors
- Wire stripper
Shut off the power to the lighting fixture at the main breaker. Confirm it is off with a voltage detector or by simply trying to operate the light.
Remove the old light from its socket and remove the twist-on wire connectors securing the electrical conductors to the fixture.
Attach the black wire to the positive connection on the transformer from your low-voltage kit with a twist-on wire connector. A twist-on wire connector works by twisting the two wires together, then threading the connector on top until it's tight.
Attach the white wire to the neutral connection on the transformer and the bare or green wire to the transformer's ground.
Mount the transformer in the ceiling cavity. Transformers can generate a lot of heat, so avoid burying it in insulation.
Attach the positive wire from the transformer to the low-voltage light's positive wire and the neutral wire to the light's neutral with twist-on wire connectors.
Push the wires up into the socket and fasten the light fixture to the electrical box with the two screws provided. These will thread through the light and into the box on either side.
Tips and warnings
- Refer to the manufacture's directions for specific details on your low-voltage lights.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
|
<urn:uuid:e20dbd01-8986-4373-8ca5-29ce3ca5748d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_7921905_wire-lowvoltage-indoor-lighting.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00329-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.882321
| 420
| 2.609375
| 3
|
Provided by: eleeye_0.29.6-2_i386
eleeye_engine - a chess program engine to communicate with its user
eleeye_engine is a command-line client for UCCI (based on UCI) protocol. It
provides full support of basic UCI command, such as position, go, banmoves or
bestmove and much more.
The Universal Chess Interface (UCI) is an open communication protocol
that enables a chess program engine to communicate with its user
It was designed and released by Rudolf Huber and Stefan Meyer-Kahlen,
the author of Shredder, in November 2000, and can be seen as a rival to
the older XBoard/WinBoard Communication protocol. Like the latter, it
is free to use without license fees.
Customarily, UCI assigns some tasks to the user interface that have
traditionally been handled by the engine itself. Most notably, the
opening book is usually expected to be handled by the interface, by
simply selecting moves to play until it is out of book, and only then
starting up the engine for calculation in the resulting position. (UCI
does not specify any on-disk format for the opening book; different UIs
-- user interfaces -- usually have their own, proprietary formats.)
Also, the user interface may handle endgame tablebases if the engine
does not support it itself, although this is often better handled in
the engine, as having tablebase information can be useful to consider a
possible future position.
Written by www.elephantbase.net
Universal Chess Interface Protocol: <http://wbec-
Universal Chinese Chess Interface Protocol:
Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU General
Public License (GPL).
16 july 2009 eleeye_engine(6)
|
<urn:uuid:df342a48-77dd-4ed2-9208-161cff252421>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man6/eleeye_engine.6.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00185-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.880456
| 394
| 1.929688
| 2
|
US Senators Propose VISA-Free Regime for BulgariaDiplomacy | June 9, 2015, Tuesday // 16:18| views
Two US senators - Mark Kirk and Barbara Mikulski have introduced a bill that if approved will allow free movement of the citizens of Bulgaria, Poland, Romania and Croatia to the US. Allegedly, the initiative has been provoked by the pressure imposed on the senators by Polish community in Chicago, NOVA TV's correspondent Yasen Darakov reported.
Polish population in the town amounts to no less than 2 million people.
Currently, there already are 38 countries taking advantage of the VISA-free movement. However, Bulgaria is not among them and has registered a high number of denied entry documents.
According to Bulgarian Ambassador in Chicago, Simeon Stoilov, denied US VISA-s are approximately 15,2% of the total. However, having in mind the technology and the general practice, mainly 10-year VISA-s are being issued.
Senator Kirk explained that governments who are not willing to allow their citizens to travel freely to the US, need to improve their cooperation with US Secret Services.
According to the US Travel Association, VISA free programs across the world bring more than 19.5 million tourists on an annual basis. According to preliminary estimations, if more countries enter the VISA-free regime, additional 600,000 tourists will be admitted to the country. Additionally, this could be a substantial boost to US economy with additional USD 7 B and opening of 40,000 new employment opportunities.
We need your support so Novinite.com can keep delivering news and information about Bulgaria! Thank you!
|
<urn:uuid:cfa56814-9753-4133-bbc6-cfc858635d67>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://m.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=169114
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.942907
| 351
| 1.703125
| 2
|
Potential nontarget effects of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
- Howard S. Ginsberg, Roger A. LeBrun, Klaus Heyer, and Elyes Zhioua
The potential for nontarget effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, when used for biological control of ticks, was assessed in laboratory trials. Fungal pathogenicity was studied against convergent ladybird beetles, Hippodamia convergens Guérin-Méneville, house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.), and the milkweed bugs Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas). Fungal spores applied with a spray tower produced significant mortality in H. convergens and A. domesticus, but effects on O. fasciatus were marginal. Placing treated insects with untreated individuals resulted in mortality from horizontal transmission to untreated beetles and crickets, but not milkweed bugs. Spread of fungal infection in the beetles resulted in mortality on days 4–10 after treatment, while in crickets mortality was on day 2 after treatment, suggesting different levels of pathogenicity and possibly different modes of transmission. Therefore, M. anisopliae varies in pathogenicity to different insects. Inundative applications can potentially affect nontarget species, but M. anisopliae is already widely distributed in North America, so applications for tick control generally would not introduce a novel pathogen into the environment. Pathogenicity in lab trials does not, by itself, demonstrate activity under natural conditions, so field trials are needed to confirm these results and to assess methods to minimize nontarget exposure.
Additional publication details
- Publication type:
- Publication Subtype:
- Journal Article
- Potential nontarget effects of Metarhizium anisopliae (Deuteromycetes) used for biological control of ticks (Acari: Ixodidae)
- Series title:
- Environmental Entomology
- Year Published:
- Entomological Society of America
- 6 p.
- First page:
- Last page:
|
<urn:uuid:5174861e-6dbe-4036-9170-2af044d18be9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70023946
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.869299
| 470
| 2.484375
| 2
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.