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Corn farmers know that the application of nitrogen fertilizer is a critical factor in the production of corn. There is a short list of issues that may add to or detract from the efficiency of this element. Among these are timing, rate, stage of the crop, soil type and condition, field history, rainfall, drainage, temperature, form of nitrogen being applied, and others.
Probably the most important factor of all is the timing of the early application of N. My friend the late Dr. Charlie Baskin, who was the grain crops agronomist with MSU Extension for many years, used to say that corn “decides” what it is going to do for you by the time it is 10 inches tall. Since Charlie’s time with Extension, a lot of things have changed, but I feel his commonsense approach is still sound.
Another big issue is to apply enough N to reach your yield goal, remembering that corn requires between 1 and 1.3 pounds of N to produce a bushel, with this amount being influenced by many factors, some of which can be managed, and some that can’t.
One of the most progressive things I have seen producers do in recent years is to move earlier toward getting N applied. Some of them start as soon as a stand is visible while others wait until the plants are 4 to 6 inches in height.
While we generally recognize that a split application is the most efficient way to utilize nitrogen fertilizer, many producers apply the entire amount at this early point in order to get the job done in one pass. A few may come back with a pre-tassel application when the crop looks to have good yield potential.
The early application of N ensures that plants will not experience an early deficiency which can lead to reduced yield.
Field history should be considered since fields following soybean may contain enough N to be a safety factor for timing, total rate, and overall availability. A good soybean crop may leave behind 30 or more pounds of available N per acre, which can be deducted from the amount to be applied. This may also be true following cotton or corn when it can be documented that removal was not complete the previous year because of drought or some other yield limiting issue.
Tissue testing or a chlorophyll meter may be used as aids in determining supplemental N needs.
Method of application and form of nitrogen can interact with soil type and drainage to produce both volatilization (loss as gaseous N) and leaching of nitrogen below the root zone. Surface runoff can also be involved when heavy rain arrives soon after a surface application. Injecting the N can reduce losses by volatilization and runoff, and the addition of urease inhibitor can be justified under warm and damp conditions when urea or other ammonia-type nitrogen products like urea are used.
I will probably get some comments here, but when N is applied as ammonium sulfate (AMS) or when it is combined with urea, volatilization loss can be reduced. This is one of the reasons AMS works well in wet conditions, however, the use of AMS should be kept to a minimum since it drives down soil pH much faster than other forms of nitrogen.
There is no such thing as a perfect way to apply nitrogen. The sloppiest surface application can work well if conditions are favorable, but a sound approach is the best way to achieve good results most of the time. As with most things, it’s not so much what you do but what happens after you do it that makes you look smart or stupid.
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This episode of Monocle 24'sOn Design podcast, which briefly surveys the state of Indian architecture and suggests a blueprint for a 21st Century vernacular, was written and recorded by ArchDaily's European Editor at Large,James Taylor-Foster.
In the first half of 2016 an exhibition was opened in Mumbai. The State of Architecture, as it was known, sought to put contemporary Indian building in the spotlight in order to map trends post-independence and, more importantly, provoke a conversation both historical and in relation to where things are heading.
http://www.archdaily.com/802970/is-india-building-the-wrong-sort-of-architectureAD Editorial Team
This volume presents the research and speculations produced by scholars, Loeb Fellows and graduate students at Harvard Graduate School of Design by looking at possibilities for the city of Agra in India and the agency of design between Architecture, Critical Conservation, Urban Planning & Design, and Landscape Architecture in heritage conservation, economic development, and the planning of medium-sized South Asian cities.
Today, the rapidly-developing country of India is one of the key places in the world where architecture could have the most impact; in spite of this, there has been little critical reflection on the country's architectural landscape, and architecture has struggled to assert its value to the wider population. Currently, the country's first major architectural exhibition in 30 years is taking place in Mumbai, curated by Rahul Mehrotra, Ranjit Hoskote, and Kaiwan Mehta and running until March 20th. In this interview, a shortened version of which was first published in Domus India's December Issue, Mustansir Dalvir sits down with the curators to discuss their exhibition and the past and present of Indian Architecture.
Looking back to the time architectural practices first began to proliferate in India, one sees that they always operated within an ecosystem of practice, academia, and association. We can trace this to the 1930s, when the Indian Institute of Architects (IIA) was set up, which in turn emerged from the alumni of the Bombay School of Art. Teachers at the school were the most prolific practitioners in the country, and students made the easy transition from learning to apprenticeship, to setting up their own practices. Even patrons, largely non-state (in the penultimate decades before independence) aligned themselves with the architects in a collegial association. The Journal of the Indian Institute of Architects and their annual lectures became the mouthpieces of collective praxis, as the many presidential speeches show. Everyone knew what everyone else was doing, knowledge flowed centripetally.
In the years after independence, these bonds became looser as the nation-state became the chief patron. While private wealth and industry provided steady work for architects all over the country, the IIA still continued to remain the platform of discourse and dissemination – an internal professional rumination, largely distanced from changing politics and culture in the country, especially from the seventies onwards. While students of architecture did briefly take political stances during the Emergency, practice remained unaffected.
In an interview withThe Indian Express, Rahul Mehrotra—conservationist, architect and author of Kumbh Mela: Mapping the Ephemeral MEGACITY—talks to Shiny Varghese about his belief that the current notion of a 'smart city' is about "blanket replication, [which] will result in gated communities and flattening of the city, driven by infrastructure and investment." He argues that this approach "will create a form of exclusion."
The Alvar Aalto Symposium gathers together top names in contemporary architecture. This year’s international figures include American architect Greg Lynn, one of the Symposium’s keynote speakers. In line with the theme of the event – DO! – speakers will be rolling up their sleeves and personally opening up about what architects and urban planners really do. The symposium will be held on 7–9 August 2015 in Jyväskylä, Finland.
As the location of the world's largest single-purpose gathering of people, the 2013 Kumbh Mela obviously required a significant organizational effort from those charged with planning it - but what is less obvious is exactly how this need to plan can be squared with the nature of the Kumbh Mela itself. Located in the floodplain of the river Ganges, most of the 23.5-square-kilometer area of the festival (commonly referred to as the nagri) remains underwater until a few months before the festival, and organization is at every stage challenged by the uncertainty and ephemerality of the festival itself. In this excerpt from the recently published book, "Kumbh Mela, January 2013: Mapping the Ephemeral Mega City," Rahul Mehrotra, Chair of the Department of Urban Planning and Design at the Harvard GSD, and Felipe Vera, Co-director of the Center for Ecology, Landscape and Urbanism at UAI DesignLab, explain how infrastructure and street grids are deployed in a way that not only enables the Kumbh Mela festival itself, but enhances its ephemeral and democratic spirit.
Standing at the Kumbh Mela at night looking towards an endless functioning city where the temporary construction of the nagri is fused with the city of Allahabad, there are two things that one cannot avoid asking: 1) How was this enormous city planned in terms of scale and complexity? 2) How is the city actually constructed? One of the most interesting elements about the construction process of the city is that unlike more static and permanent cities—where the whole is comprised of the aggregations of smaller parts, constructed in different moments that are tied together by pre-existing and connecting urban infrastructure—the city of the Kumbh Mela is planned and built all at once, as a unitary effort.
http://www.archdaily.com/624425/kumbh-mela-designing-the-world-s-largest-gathering-of-peopleRahul Mehrotra & Felipe Vera
With the International Union of Architects (UIA)'s World Congress taking place last month, the eyes of the architecture world were on South Africa where - according to Phineas Harper of the Architectural Review - the conference was full of architects of all backgrounds with "irrepressible energy," sharing ideas on how architecture can be used for social good with an urgency that is somewhat unfamiliar in the Western world. "Whoever said architecture was stale, male and pale should have been in Durban," says Harper. You can read the full review of the event here.
ArchDaily got the chance to briefly speak with Pritzker-prize winning Portuguese architect Eduardo Souto de Moura when he (along with the Porto Metro Authority) received the Veronica Rudge Green Prize in Urban Design at the Harvard Graduate School of Design earlier this month. His design for the Metro system in Porto, Portugal garnered high praise from the jury, with member Rahul Mehrotra explaining that the project “shows generosity to the public realm unusual for contemporary infrastructure projects.” Upon receipt of the award, the head of the Porto Metro, João Velez Carvalho, thanked Souto de Moura for his efforts in this “urban revolution” and touted Porto as a destination in which people actively and enthusiastically seek out the architecture of Souto de Moura and fellow Portuguese architect Alvaro Siza.
Souto de Moura spent a few moments with us to describe both the challenges and rewards of working on a project that saw the completion of 60 new stations constructed in 10 years within the sensitive fabric of the city of Porto—a UNESCO World Heritage site.
ArchDaily: What is your opinion of architecture prizes?
Eduardo Souto de Moura: I won’t be modest, I like describing my opinion about them because the profession is so tough and difficult that is it complicated to achieve a high level of quality. So when you’re awarded a prize it’s like a confirmation of your effort. But the other thing is that a project is not the act of an individual, it’s a collective act. When there’s a prize, the press and the people, the “anonymous people,” go see the project and talk about it, critique it. That’s what gives me the motivation to continue in the profession. And every time it gets more difficult.
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Installing Driveway Pavers Design
Installing driveway pavers can be a daunting task if you’re clueless on what to do. Deciding what materials to use from a plethora of choices can be a bit paralyzing and confusing. If you’re a DIY person aiming to refurbish a worn, cracked driveway or someone who simply wants to be informed, the starting point always involves understanding the basics.
Driveway pavers essentially cover the surface of a muddy path. The objective of installing driveway pavers is to enhance the overall aesthetic quality of the path. Another is to ensure the stability and sturdiness of a path in order to efficiently direct vehicle traffic towards the proper parking area. The design of driveways entails lots of considerations including the slope of the driveway, the area of the driveway and the surrounding environment.
Before installing driveway pavers, it is important to know the inclination of the driveway. The primary purpose of grading or sloping is to direct rainwater towards the lawn area then into a drainage pit along the street. You don’t want puddles forming along the path as it makes the road slippery and accident prone. Pools of water can also be a nuisance when formed on carefully designed landscapes. Take a look around to check if the area is too flat. Once this is confirmed then you need to have the path graded. This will ensure the functionality and safety of your driveway.
Driveways are primary components of a building’s façade particularly in residential buildings. Making a good impression can begin with having a well-designed path that complements the overall theme of the property. To gather some ideas, recall your favourite vacation spots or survey neighbourhood driveways for inspiration. Conceptualizing a driveway design can be your opportunity to recreate your favourite places. Next, consider the patterns or structure of walkways, patios and porches prior to installing driveway pavers. This simple activity can give you a perspective on which materials create harmony in certain environments as well as set the overall mood of the concept.
Once the design concept and driveway dimensions have been finalized, the next step is to determine the right materials. Driveway pavers are generally classified as stone pavers, concrete pavers and brick pavers. These pavers are available in a wide variety of colors and shapes to suit different tastes.
Installing driveway pavers can be transformed from an intimidating task into an exciting activity. Anticipation builds as the pavers are laid one by one, slowly forming the design. Knowledge of the basic steps in installing driveway pavers serve as the basis for building functional and aesthetically pleasing driveways.
Basic Information about the Installation of Driveway Pavers
The main purpose of grading or sloping the driveway is to direct rain water away from the house or building structure toward the yard area or into a drainage pit. Have a look at the driveway site to see if it is too flat. If so, the driveway will need to be graded to prevent rain water ponding or pooling on the landscaped lawn area.
Dig out some soil and move it to another area of the yard or garden; place a simple catch basin and drain at the lowest spot in the driveway. This drain connects to an underground pipe that will empty into the street when it rains.
Aesthetics & Design
Due to the large amount of yard space that is taken up by the driveway area, it is of high priority to install not only a functional driveway, but a driveway with a well conceived decorative element that compliments the property’s aesthetic theme.
Therefore, when planning a new or upgraded driveway, also consider how walkways, porches and patios in these materials can unify the property and give your home even more curb appeal. This is also a chance to create outdoor spaces that will help you and your guests enjoy the yard and garden.
The design opportunities are limitless when it comes to your driveway. You can start off by choosing amongst so many different materials, such as; natural stone pavers, rubber pavers, brick pavers, poured concrete and precast concrete pavers, to name a few. There are many varieties of natural stone pavers, such as; limestone, bluestone, sandstone, granite, slate and flagstone.
When considering a concrete driveway you can choose from stenciled concrete, stamped concrete and color stained concrete. Gone are the days of the plain gray concrete driveways.
Once you have chosen your material, you can then start to decide on the color, shape, design, patterns and sizes. Again the possibilities are endless; you can choose any color you could dream of to match the rest of your property. Whether you’re using stone pavers or concrete, you can achieve so many patterns, such as; herringbone, running bond, basket-weave and cobble design. There are many decisions to be made, but what makes it so much easier is the abundance of choices available when installing driveway pavers, to help you create an appealing driveway.
When deciding on the width of the driveway, be sure to allow a minimum of twelve feet wide at the vehicle parking areas so that it will be a sufficient space to move around the vehicles exterior and avoid stepping on any lawn nearby. As for the length of the driveway, it should be at least 18 feet in length per vehicle.
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Nothing is more important than prayer.
Sit down and relax. Let's talk about prayer.
The moment we pray, we connect with God.
The moment we pray to Father God, we connect to Life, as He is Life, and the Creator of life, (Elohim) When we pray we involve God in our life.
Jesus came not only to save us from the enemy Satan (whose purpose is to kill, steal and destroy), but to introduce us to a loving Heavenly Father. He came and showed us what relationship and fellowship is all about. He came to introduce us into a warm relationship with God the Father through Him. Jesus is our example. Let's follow His teachings and His way of doing and being.
The fear of the Lord will cause us to fall on our knees in order to submit and humble ourselves before the Lord. (The regenerated heart will cause us to fall on our knees before God)
The effect of prayer
We come under the anointing of the Holy Spirit when we pray. We touch our Father when we pray. We are changed when we pray. Lives are saved when we pray. Lives are restored when we pray. Miracles happens when we pray. People are healed when we pray. Evil bow it's knee when we pray. Demons flee when we pray. The enemy is defeated when we pray. The Holy Spirit moves when we pray. People repent when we pray. People are filled with the Spirit when we pray. Angels move on God's command when we pray. The Holy Spirit teaches and guides us when we pray. The Holy Spirit infuses us with power when we pray. The Word is in our heart and on our lips as we pray the Word. Our lives are directed when we pray. The Father is glorified and exalted when we pray. People are exhorted and fed spiritually when we pray. The Holy Spirit fills us with new strength when we pray. We can endure hardships when we pray. We overcome the flesh when we pray. Revival happens when we pray etc. Nothing is as important as prayer. Real and intimate relationship with God and revival starts with a heartfelt prayer.
Prayer will not be prayer without the Spirit of God.
Without the anointing and Spirit filled prayer the Church, the Body of Christ will get rusty and come to a halt.
True prayer is not a mental exercise nor a vocal performance. Your spiritual dimension (1 Thessalonians 5:23, James 2:26) gives you the capacity to connect with God.The function of the Holy Spirit is to teach us how to pray. He will lead and guide us in prayer. Spirit connects with spirit.Therefore Jesus' instruction to be born in Spirit John 3:3)
Note: Being a human we are created above the animal world. Animals do not have a spirit (only a soul and body) therefore they do not have the capacity to connect with God. (Animals were not created in God's image - only man Genesis 1:26)
“Prayer is like a missile that can be fired at any spot on earth, It travels undetected at the speed of thought and it hit its target every time. Don’t just stand there; pray!" Ronald Dunn
Prayer is essential to God.
“Then shalt thou call, and the Lord shall answer; thou shalt cry, and he shall say, Here I am. 14th verse: Then shalt thou delight thyself in the Lord; and I will cause thee to ride upon the high places of the earth, and feed thee with the heritage of Jacob thy father: for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.”-Isa_58:9
IT must never be forgotten that Almighty God rules this world. He is not an absentee God. His band is ever on the throttle of human affairs. He is everywhere present in the concerns of time. “His eyes behold, his eyelids try the children of men.” He rules the world just as He rules the Church by prayer. This lesson needs to be emphasized, iterated and reiterated in the ears of men of modern times and brought to bear with cumulative force on the consciences of this generation whose eyes have no vision for the eternal things, whose ears are deaf toward God.
Nothing is more important to God than prayer in dealing with mankind. But it is likewise all-important to man to pray. Failure to pray is failure along the whole line of life. It is failure of duty, service, and spiritual progress. God must help man by prayer. He who does not pray, therefore, robs himself of God’s help and places God where He cannot help man. Man must pray to God if love for God is to exist. Faith and hope, and patience and all the strong, beautiful, vital forces of piety are withered and dead in a prayerless life. The life of the individual believer, his personal salvation, and personal Christian graces have their being, bloom and fruitage in prayer. - E.M Bounds
Prayer is all about being in relationship with God (not rules and regulations)
We [those who have accepted Christ (John 1:12)], have received imputed righteousness or justification through the Blood of Christ when we received Him as our Savior, Lord, and King. We do this through our faith in Him. Just as Abraham were declared righteous 400 yrs before the law through faith (James 1:22)
To be righteous, means to be in right-standing with God. To be right with God. This standing can only be accomplished through faith. We receive this today through Jesus' finished works on the cross of Calvary. And because this... of what Jesus had done on Calvary - we can enter the throne of God, (The throne of Grace) with boldness in Jesus' Name - It's a privilege... (Heb 4:16)
When we pray
1.We have the privilege to go directly to God the Father, -
2.In the Name of Jesus Christ,
3.Through the guidance of the Holy Spirit
(The Holy Spirit is Immanuel, God with us, and IN us.He will lead and teach us in prayer. He knows the MIND, the will of God. See John 16:13,1 John 2:27, 1 Cor 2:14)
*Not even angels have the privilege to come to God the Father, entering His throne in the NAME of Jesus.
It's the NAME given above all names. The only name by which man-kind can be saved.
Phil 2:9,10, Acts 4:12, 1 Tim 2:5
The Lord's Prayer (An Outline Prayer to build on)
Our Father who art in heaven
Hallowed be thy Name
Thy kingdom come, Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven
Give us this day our daily bread
And forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us
Lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil,
For Yours is the Kingdom, the power and glory. For ever,
Model Prayer - This is how Jesus taught us to pray. (Matt 6:9-13)
Is God your Father? Have you made peace with Him?
Peace with God
If you have not made peace with God, pray this prayer 1st before moving on to the other prayers -
Dear Heavenly Father, thank you for demonstrating your great love for me through Your Son Jesus who died in my place even while I yet to know Him. I know that I have sinned against you and deserve punishment. But I thank Your for Your Son Jesus Christ who took the punishment that I deserve so that through faith in Him I could be forgiven and washed clean with His precious blood.
For I confess now with my lips, that Jesus is Lord, and I believe with all my heart that You Father God have raised Him from death. He is the risen Christ and my Lord. I place now my trust in You for my salvation. Thank You for Your wonderful grace and forgiveness through Your Son and the precious gift of eternal life.
Thank You Heavenly Father for being now my Abba Father (my Papa), Thank you Jesus for being now my Savior, Lord and King. Thank you for filling me right now with you Holy Spirit. Thank You Holy Spirit for being my guide, for teaching in the Word and for directing my life from this day forward.
Thank you that I can recognize my true value (as a child of God) in You, and in the light of Your love for me. Thank you for being now my hope. Thank You for strengthening, and helping me to forgive those who have wronged or forsaken and hurt me. I forgive them now in Jesus' Name. Thank you that I can now be called the righteousness of God IN Christ.
May your name Father God be glorified in heaven and on earth, in Jesus Name, Amen
Surety of Salvation banner or go to ' Do you belong to God's family'
Let's Pray and connect with God
What to follow is some practical examples to connect with the Living God.
Just search the applicable heading regarding your specific circumstances or needs and pray... ask the Holy Spirit to lead you in prayer, this is His function. He is Immanuel God with you and in you.He will teach you as how to pray.
You may start to ask the Holy Spirit to lead and guide you in the following way. Thank you Abba Father that I may enter your presence in Jesus Name. Precious Holy spirit, I ask You to lead, and teach me as I read the Word and pray. Thank you for being my teacher, my friend and my helper in Jesus Name, Amen.
In trouble, need hope, strength and direction
Dear Heavenly Father, I come to you in the name above all Names, Jesus Christ. Father God, You are the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. You rescued Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego from the fiery furnace. You rescued your disciples in a fiery storm sent by the enemy. You rescued Daniel in the lion's den. No-one can rescue like You.
You are indeed El-Elyon (the most High God), El-Olam (the everlating God), El-Shaddai (All Powerful God, the more than enough God). No one saves like You. You are my Rock and my and Strength!
Abba Father, I (name) am the apple of your eye. I humble myself before You, as I place my hope and my trust in You.
In this day of trouble, my hope is not in man, nor in myself (Pro 3,4-6), but in YOU. I know you will rescue me out of (name the circumstances) and I (your name), will honor you.(Ps 50:15)
You are Jehovah Shabaoth, the Lord my Warrior, You are my bravery, my strength, my invincible army (Hab 3;19) Thank you for give me clear direction as what to do. Thank you for giving me the capacity to hear and obey.
Thank you Holy Spirit for guiding me into victory. (Ps 32:8). Thank you for breakthrough. I wait on You, my Lord in whom I trust, for You give power to the faint; and to them that have no might You my Lord increase strength.(Isa 40:31)
Thank you Heavenly Father, my faith as child is in YOU. In Jesus Name, Amen.
In His presence
My soul is saying to You, You are my Lord, the God in whom I trust,
I have called upon You, for You will hear me O Lord,
I will pray to no-one else…for You alone are God
Incline Your ear to me and hear my groaning's,
Show Your marvelous loving-kindness to me again,
For You are El Shaddai, the All-Powerful, All-sufficient God,
You are El Elyon, the Most High God,
You are El Olam, the Everlasting God,
O Lord, save my soul, blot–out my shamefull thoughts,
Cleanse me, even my memories, from all unrighteous thoughts,…so that I may enter into Your presence with prayer…
Let my thoughts and meditations be pleasing to you.
In Jesus’ Name, Amen
Savior and Protector
You O Lord, are my strength, my bravery, my invincible army - who can save like You?
You are Jehovah Shabaoth, the Lord my warrior, my Fortress
You LORD say: "I am the Rock, I know of no other"
For who will stand against You O Lord? I agree, You alone are the Rock. Through my human experience I know of no-one else, no equal to to be found who will measure up with You.
Out of your own mouth comes the Truth, Yes!, ... deliverance truth.
This I know though experience, if You are for me, who will stand against me? My enemies will not prevail, for You the Most High is on my side. I am branded, marked by Your Spirit, I truly belong to You!
As wax melts before fire, so shall my enemies perish before the presence of my Lord, the Most High God,
The Lord God is a searcher of hearts, and He hears the prayer of the righteous.
I shall be saved from my enemies, the Destroyer will not touch me, for I have come under Your Wings O Lord for protection…covered by the blood of the Lamb. Nothing makes my enemy (Satan) run like the blood of Jesus. All the power in heaven and earth belongs to my Lord! (Sela)
You Lord, are my Deliverer, Your equal is not to be found in heaven or earth…Your anointing sets me and my house free from the yoke of bondadg.
I rejoice in You o Lord, may Your Name be magnified on all the earth, may Your Kingdom come!
Lord I need help, and you have promised to infuse me with power from above, Your infinite power through Your Spirit.
To You alone will I pray, You alone are LORD. The Source of all creation.
You are my vital necessity. Without Divine assistance I cannot press on.
Assuredly as I pray I know, you love me.
With your help and strength, I can do whatever You ask of me.
Lord, give me a second wind…..
In Jesus Name ~ Amen
Gracious Heavenly Father,I come to you in the Name of Jesus Christ,
I have to confess that I’m lost and confused, my life doesn’t make sense
Lord, only You know me inside-out. You created me and only You know my heart and thoughts
You are the Shepherd of my soul and the LORD of my life.
Thank you for taking control of my life…thank you for making my darkness into light, and uneven places into a plain.
Thank you for being a lamp unto my feet and a light unto my path
I know all things will work out just fine, because You are in control. I rejoice greatly in Your love today!
Lord life gave me a hard blow…
My life is in pieces, torn apart by human beings and circumstances beyond my control…my tears beyond numbering.
I am broken, …help me not to quit and give up.
I know,You had not given me a spirit of fear; but a Spirit of power, love,
and a sound mind…
You are indeed a Father, for the fatherless,…
I look to You in trust, …because I know You are faithful.
You Lord, …You give the weiry and the broken-hearted new hope,
My hope is in you Lord…not in people…please heal and restore me…
Thank you for making me whole again…
Thank you Abba Father for giving me strength for today.
Thank you that I can cast all of my concerns, worries, and anxieties upon you - right now. As I cast all of my concerns now upon You Lord - I can feel the weight lifted from my being.
Father, thank you for giving me the grace I need for today. Your grace,... give me the ability, strength, power to face today’s problems.
Even If I shall go through the valley of shadow and death…I know, I’m not alone. You walk me through!
Thank You Lord that I will not fear, because Your Love drives out all fear. My strength is in You Lord,
Lord, thank you that I can trust and rely on You
Lord, thank you for being faithfull…
You faithfulness is great …and consumes my whole being. I am conscious of Your glory that is in my spirit. My life is an expression of your love for me.
Thank you for infusing me with power from above
Thank You,… that even when I’m waiting for a breakthrough, You are blessing me in the “waiting season”
I bow down before You Lord, ..to give thanks, for all you’ve done.
For You O Lord, are the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob,…
You are the Covenant God…
The God in whom I trust!
My help comes from the Lord Almighty…the Creator of Heavens and earth, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, the God of Israel,
I confess Lord,…
The Father, The Son and the Holy Spirit is the Source and life-giving power of my Life.
The only source of power I need to make it in this world!
Jesus is the Light of the world, and His Light is shining through me!
In Jesus Name, Amen
The Lord my God is my Savior, my redeemer, my advocate, my strength and hope!
He is the Word of God, a lamp unto my feet, and a Light unto my path.
You Lord, will make a way where there is no way. You open doors that no man can shut. You close doors that no man can open. You are All-Powerful, the Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the end.
I thank You for Your wisdom, insight, counsel, understanding, might and strength. I hold unto Your instruction and heed to You advice and counsel through Your Word and Spirit. Thank You for giving me the capacity to hear and obey Your voice,
In Jesus’ Name, Amen
Father, I’m exhausted,...
I don’t know where to go or what to do…
Please give me the ability, strength and power to face today’s problems
Come and Infuse me with strength from above…so that I can press on.
Come and fill me with Your Life giving water ….
Come and fill me Holy Spirit,…
Give me a second wind…
Thank you for recharging and energising me in the Name of Jesus Christ, Amen
Personalize your prayer
You who sit down in the High of God's presence, spend the night in Shaddai's shadow, Say this:
"GOD, you're [ incert your name] refuge. I trust in you and I'm safe!"
You Lord rescues [name] from hidden traps, shields [name] from deadly hazards.
His huge outstretched arms protect [name]-- under them [name] is perfectly safe; his arms fend off all
harm...[name] will fear nothing, not wild wolves in the night, not flying arrows in the day,
Not disease that prowls through the darkness, not disaster that erupts at high noon.
Even though others succumb all around, drop like flies right and left, no harm will even graze [name]
[name] will stand untouched, watch it all from a distance, watch the wicked turn into corpses.
Yes, because GOD's [name] refuge, the High God, [name] very own home,
Evil can't get close to [name], harm can't get through the door.
He ordered his angels to guard [name] wherever [name] go.
If [name] stumble, they'll catch [name]; their job is to keep [name] from falling.
[name] will walk unharmed among lions and snakes, and kick young lions and serpents from the path.
If [name] will hold on to me for dear life," says GOD, "I'll get [name] out of any trouble
I'll give [name] the best of care if [name] will only get to know and trust me.
Call me and I'll answer, be at [name] side in bad times; I'll rescue [name], then throw you a party.
I'll give [name] a long life, give [name] a long drink of salvation!"
The Prayer of agreement [mutual understanding;contract] at least two people praying
Scripture: Matthew 18:19,20
Jesus speaking: "I also tell you this: If two of you agree down here on earth concerning anything you ask, my Father in heaven will do it for you. For where two or three gather together because they are mine, I am there among them"
We have to agree - in body, spirit and soul - total being [harmony must be present]
Body: Proverbs 18:21
"Those who love to talk will experience the consequences, for the tongue can kill or nourish life"
Spirit: Romans 8:14
"For all who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God" James 1:5 "seek guidance continually; ask for wisdom from God"
Soul: Thoughts, passions, emotions, directed into the same vision [must be lawfully] The agreement must bear the fruit of the Spirit. Meaning: The conditions must be in line with Gods Word. The fruit of the Spirit is love.
Unity: Galatians 6:22
We worship a God of unity! Jesus says; "My Father and I are One"
John 10:30; John 14:9
Whatever we agree apon on earth, becomes a spiritual law; and the supernatural (spiritual) supersedes the natural. This is a law. God set the terms of this law. It will be done.
The prayer of Petition
[To bring a formal request] Usually one, or more people praying
According to the Pocket Oxford Dictionary petition means the following: Asking; supplication; request; formal written request from one or more persons to sovereign
1 John 5:14,15 (NLT)
"And we can be confident that he will listen to us whenever we ask him for anything in line with his will. And if we know he is listening when we make our requests/petitions, we can be sure that he will give us what we ask for"
Joh 15:7 "If ye abide in me, and my words abide in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you."
Let me explain specific prayer; If I want my wife to buy me a pair sneakers for my birthday I need to tell her exactly what I want. This is a personal request. It's a detailed request. Colour, size, type etc.
Yonggi Cho keeps a prayer journal, with a request date and a receive date… this is faith with expectancy! See James Chapter 1
If you are in a meeting with God, and He asks you "what do you want my child?" You need to be very specific. If you request something from God in prayer, be ready to answer. Remember you brought the request before Him!
Ask in the Name of Jesus.[according to His will, what will glorify His Name] John 14:14 "Yes, ask anything in my name, and I will do it!"
Prayer of Supplication - the humble request
Scripture: Ephesians 6:18
"Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints"
Scripture: Phillipians 4:6
"Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God"
Supplication means to make a humble request. You are serious and desperate.
Scripture: Luke 8:41
"And now a man named Jairus, a leader of the local synagogue, came and fell down at Jesus' feet, begging him to come home with him."
[kneeling; to fell down; face down; keep on repeating yourself; don't except no; begging]
Definite Petitions / Specific petitions
Being Jesus' followers we follow His behavior. See Hebrews 5:7 about Jesus in the day of His flesh... how He prayed... not only what He wanted but needed. And because of the FEAR OF THE LORD HIS PRAYERS WERE ANSWERED.
The fear of the Lord will always ask the question - "What does God say about this?"
When it seems if our prayers are not answered
Reasons might include...
Not the right season yet
A personal test of faith and submission to His will
A test of perseverance
Building of faith
Building of spiritual character
Not in Gods divine will
Wrong motives Jam 4:3
- Protection (God sees what we don't see)
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The German physician Hans Schepers, at the time Head of the Data Processing Group of the German Bundestag, in 1980 suggested that the distribution of seats according to d’Hondt be modified to avoid putting smaller parties at a disadvantage. By a different calculation method, the procedure proposed by Schepers arrives at the same results as the method developed by the French mathematician André Sainte-Laguë in 1912.
The procedure according to Sainte-Laguë/Schepers has been used since 1980 for the distribution of seats in the committees and bodies of the German Bundestag. Since 2009, it is the procedure used to distribute the seats in Bundestag and European elections. It has been employed in the elections to the Länder parliaments of Bremen (since 2003), Hamburg (since 2008), Nordrhein-Westfalen (since 2010), Baden-Württemberg and Rheinland-Pfalz (since 2011) and Schleswig-Holstein (since 2012).
In this procedure, which is also called divisor method with standard rounding, the respective numbers of second votes cast for the individual parties are divided by a joint divisor. The resulting quotients are rounded according to standard practice to obtain numbers of seats, i.e. the figure is rounded up or down when the remaining fraction is larger or smaller than 0.5, where the residual equals 0.5 exactly, a lot will be drawn. The divisor is determined in a way which ensures that the total of the numbers of seats equals the total of the seats to be distributed. Three different methods may be used for the calculation which produce the same result and thus are regarded as equal from the legal perspective:
- Highest average method: this method follows the train of thought on which the procedure according to d’Hondt is based, with the respective number of votes being divided by 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 etc. and the seats, in turn, being successively allocated by descending maximum numbers. The calculation according to d’Hondt is based on the full entitlement to a seat and therefore uses whole numbers for division, with smaller parties obtaining their first and further seats disproportionately late. In comparison, the requirements for a seat to be assigned have been lowered with this procedure. Once there is an entitlement to more than half a seat, it is already allocated.
- Rank order statistic procedure: here, the inverse values are considered instead of the maximum numbers and the seats are successively assigned according to these ascending rank order statistics.
- Iterative procedure: with this method, an approximate allocation is calculated in a first step. The total number of votes to be considered is divided by the total number of seats to be distributed, thus determining a provisional divisor for allocation. Any remaining discrepancies are reduced in the following steps by increasing or reducing the divisor until the final allocation has been found where the distribution of seats corresponds with the number of seats to be distributed.
For the distribution of seats in the elections to the German Bundestag, the legislator selected the last-mentioned iterative procedure when the procedure according to Sainte-Laguë/Schepers was introduced. For the above example, the distribution of seats would be calculated as follows:
Procedure in accordance to Section 6 (2) of the Federal Elections Act with divisor for allocation
Determining the divisor for allocation (Criterion: allocation of as many seats to Land lists as there are seats to be distributed):
If necessary, increasing or reducing the divisor for allocation until the total calculated corresponds to the total of the seats to be distributed.
Total number of seats minus the seats obtained by successful individual candidates (constituency nomination pursuant to Section 20 (3) of the Federal Elections Act) or successful party candidates, where the party has obtained less than five percent of the valid second votes and fewer than three direct seats or has not been admitted with a Land list in the respective Land (Section 6 (2) sentence 6 in conjunction with Section 6 (1) sentence 3 of the Federal Elections Act).
Example: Allocation of 8 seats
|Party||Calculation||Result after standard rounding
= seats to be distributed accordingly
As a total of 9 seats is attributable to the parties when using the divisor 2,187.5 for allocation purposes while there are only 8 seats to be distributed, the divisor has to be increased until the calculation of the allocation of seats sums up to the number of seats to be distributed. To this end, the calculation is repeated with the higher divisor of 2,300:
|Party||Calculation||Results after standard rounding
= seats to be distributed accordingly
The procedure according to Sainte-Laguë/Schepers eliminates paradoxes that may occur when seats are distributed according to the Hare/Niemeyer method.
Last update: 1 August 2015
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A fleet of autonomous road vehicles or drones will travel around cities identifying cracks in roads and pavements and fixing them before potholes develop.
In just one minute, a robot with an attached 3D printer will be able to spray asphalt into a crack in the road to repair it.
Experts said that in towns and cities across Britain the autonomous vehicles or drones could operate at night, meaning there would be little disruption to traffic flows or the road network.
A study released late last year showed Scottish roads were littered with the highest number of potholes in the UK and would stretch to a combined depth of nearly four miles.
A total of 154,310 potholes were reported to Scottish councils lin 2016 – around 16,000 more than the next worst-hit region, the south-west of England.
Professor Mark Miodownik, from the University College London, said Leeds City Council was working with a team of engineers and designers to pioneer the idea of “self-repairing cities”.
He told the Cheltenham Science Festival that Britain’s road network was falling apart due the backlog of repairs and the authorities did not have the resources to take preventative measures.
“Our idea is that when these small cracks happen, we want to be able to see them – a drone flying around the road network would see them – and another drone would land and repair them,” he said.
“You do it at night and we can do it in about a minute. You stop over the crack, you repair the crack and it’s done.
“You could stop the traffic at 4am, hold it up for a minute.
“For motorways it is a different problem, but for roads in Cheltenham and bigger cities, I think night-time autonomous vehicles would have almost no impact on traffic.”
Prof Miodownik said the technology could also be used in the construction industr, as a firm in Holland has attached a spot-welding machine to a robot and has been building a structure.
“There are lots of technical issues to solve, but we are in the phase now where robots are not a big part of construction,” he said.
“But it seems undoubtedly our future that when you look at future construction sites you will see robots building a building or a bridge.
“What that then means is that the repair of that building or bridge will be able to be done by robots because the design will have already taken to account that robots need access.”
Prof Miodownik added: “This is going to be a big future for us all. What is immediately possible now for ‘self-repairing cities’ is an exciting prospect in all of our lives.
“This is probably become a reality. There are all sorts of ethical and moral issues in putting robots in a city environment.
“Unless the public and policy-makers are involved right at the beginning of this technology, which is now, the chances of it advancing to the point where they feel excluded or we can see a future that no-one really wants is high.”
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Explore the world via Google Street View. MapCrunch teleports you to a random place in the world. Discover the vast array of imagery captured by Google in 50 countries, featuring spectacular scenery, magical moments and the utterly unexplainable.
The best views are added to the Gallery every day.
How to use
Click the button to show a random Street View from somewhere in the world.
Choose the countries from a list in the panel, or click the button to select using a map.
Street Views will then be shown from the area you see in the map. You can use this to generate Street Views of a city, or region such as Europe.
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How to Search Using Plain URL?
Access Denied – Access Granted
Are you working in a company? Are you working in a business where in you do not have the freedom in accessing other sites from the internet? Basically, the concept of this is that your company or provider is placing a web filter to limit your access. This is advisable for some companies. However, if your work is related to the internet, being able to access it for added information can sometimes be handy. Yes, there is a way for us to do this without messing up our company’s web filter. Visit here to find official website http://www.proxyusa.com/
The thing you must do is use plain url. Include “Https:// or Http://” when you type in the web address. For some web filters, they cannot block such action. If you type in a generic URL, these web filters will consider this safe. That is the reason why it will grant you access. If this does not work, you can go to your browser, internet option and web filter tab. You can edit your web filter with from this tab. Just make sure to delete browsing history once you are done. This reason for this is for your IT department will not be able to track your activity. You might get in trouble if they found out you are using this method.
In some cases, you can just search proxy servers for faster results. Just to set your expectations, some of these proxy servers will only allow you to view and nothing else. The idea of proxy servers is that instead of going through your company’s system, you go through their website and they will be able to re route your access. It is easier compared to other processes in by passing your internet security. Just remember to delete your browsing history as well when it comes to using proxy servers. In case your IT department finds out what proxy server you are using, they will just add it to the list of banned sites in their system and you will no longer be able to use it. There are only a few of good proxy servers out there so be picky with your choice.
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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|
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| 0.948915
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Any person can open a standard Individual Retirement Account– there are no earnings restrictions– but if you’re likewise covered by a workplace retirement ira investing in real estate like a 401( k), the quantity of your payment that you can subtract on your tax return may be phased down or removed based upon your earnings.
Pick funds based on your threat resistance as well as economic scenario. A private retired life account, or IRA, is just one of the most effective areas to conserve for retired life– the tax obligation advantages can offer your savings a nice lift. And also it gives you a much better possibility of attaining your retirement financial savings objectives within your IRA account.
And also your preferences might transform in time as you do. The secret is to recognize your own investing requirements and goals so you can make the right options and also have a lot more self-confidence concerning your economic future. Alternatively, if you invest as well boldy when you’re older, you can leave your cost savings subjected to market volatility, which might deteriorate the worth of your assets at an age when you have fewer opportunities to redeem your losses.
So consider your time perspective as well as tummy for danger, and place your Individual Retirement Account dollars to benefit your future. Retired life financiers will certainly find a lot to like with ETRADE’s Individual Retirement Account offering, consisting of a huge line-up of no-trading-fee common funds and an extensive collection of retirement suggestions and also tools.
In the case of a standard IRA account, any financial investment gains collect on a tax-deferred basis. These funds are popular in 401( k) s and often tend to have higher expenditure ratios, however with an Individual Retirement Account you can shop a wider choice to find a low-cost alternative.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.gudu.gg/best-trading-systems-in-2021-4/
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“The Roman Catholic Church has prudently been cautious to approve, disapprove or condemn reported apparitions.” In general, studied apparitions are classed as “not worthy of belief,” “not contrary to the Faith,” or “worthy of belief.” The message of an approved apparition cannot have any content that is contrary to the …
How does the Catholic Church approve apparitions?
The primary responsibility for authenticating a reported apparition lies with the local bishop. If a bishop finds a claim particularly credible—or if he thinks it needs to be debunked to prevent misleading the faithful—he can appoint a panel of experts to investigate it.
When was the last time the Virgin Mary appeared?
Van Hoof said the Virgin Mary first appeared to her on Nov. 12, 1949. Her last claim of a public apparition — Oct. 7, 1950 — drew 30,000 people.
Who decides what an apparition is?
A: The local bishop is the first and main authority in apparition cases, which can be defined as instances of private revelation. Bishops evaluate evidence of an apparition according to these guidelines: 1. The facts in the case are free of error.
Does the Catholic Church believe in Fatima?
Official position of the Catholic Church
After a canonical inquiry, the Bishop of Leiria-Fátima officially declared the visions of Fátima as “worthy of belief” in October 1930, officially permitting the belief of Our Lady of Fátima.
Is Our Lady of Akita approved?
The Holy See never rendered definitive judgement, either positive or negative. Because Ito’s declaration of approval has not been reversed by his successors or by the Holy See, the apparition remains officially approved according to the guidelines of the Catholic Church.
How old was Mary when Jesus was born?
However, back in the ancient Middle East, children reached puberty much earlier than they do today. That’s why many girls and boys were considered “adults” after ages 12–13. So, according to tradition, Mary was 14–16 years old when Jesus was born.
What is the real third secret of Fatima?
The following is the full text of the “third secret” in its original translation: “I write in obedience to you, my God, who command me to do so through his Excellency the Bishop of Leiria and through your Most Holy Mother and mine.
Why does Mary always wear blue?
Here, Mary wears her signature blue cloak with a red shirt underneath. Deeply rooted in Catholic symbolism, the blue of her cloak has been interpreted to represent the Virgin’s purity, symbolize the skies, and label her as an empress, for blue was associated with Byzantine royalty.
What are the 3 miracles of Fatima?
The three secrets of Fatima are: A vision of the souls in Hell. Prediction of the end of WWI and a prediction of the beginning of WWII as well as a request to consecrate Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary. A vision of the Pope, along with other bishops, priests, religious and lay people, being killed by soldiers.
What is a Marion?
Etymology: From Old French Marion, a diminutive of Marie, used in England since the Middle Ages. Marionnoun. A home rule city, the county seat of Crittenden County, Kentucky, United States. Etymology: From Old French Marion, a diminutive of Marie, used in England since the Middle Ages. Marionnoun.
Where has the Virgin Mary appeared in the United States?
Apparitions of 1859
|Our Lady of Good Help|
|Location||Champion, Wisconsin, United States|
Where did the Virgin Mary first appear?
According to tradition, Mary appeared to Juan Diego, who was an Aztec convert to Christianity, on December 9 and again on December 12, 1531. During her first apparition she requested that a shrine to her be built on the spot where she appeared, Tepeyac Hill (now in a suburb of Mexico City).
What did Mary say about the Rosary?
Whoever shall faithfully serve me by the recitation of the Rosary, shall receive signal graces. I promise my special protection and the greatest graces to all those who shall recite the Rosary. The Rosary shall be a powerful armor against hell, it will destroy vice, decrease sin, and defeat heresies.
Is Our Lady of Guadalupe a private revelation?
Well known examples of approved Marian apparitions include Our Lady of Guadalupe, Our Lady of Lourdes and Our Lady of Fátima. These apparitions are considered private revelations from God through the Virgin Mary. Marian visions do not mean Mary appears as a disembodied spirit, since she has been assumed into heaven.
Is Fatima true?
Fatima is a drama film set in World War I era Portugal, based on the true story of the events of Our Lady of Fatima. It follows the story of three young shepherd children who claimed to see multiple apparitions of the Virgin Mary throughout the year 1917.
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German energy company E.ON will automatically switch its three million UK customers to energy from 100% renewable sources at no extra cost, in a move that has been described as “one of the UK’s biggest green energy switches to date.”
Previously, E.ON’s energy mix was 53.5% gas, 16.7% renewable, 16.2% nuclear, 10.1% coal and 3.5% from other sources. As one of the UK’s largest renewable energy generators the company’s energy will now come from wind, solar and biomass.
E.ON will have to buy renewable energy certificates from the UK government to guarantee that a group’s electricity comes from renewable energy. E.ON is also preparing to hand over its renewable energy portfolio to German company RWE by the end of the year, but has stated that UK customers will still receive renewable energy after this deal is completed.
The company tweeted: “3.3 million homes are waking up to 100% renewable electricity today at no extra cost.”
“All our 3.3m customers’ homes now benefit from 100% renewable electricity as standard meaning millions of people are now part of the renewable journey.”
E.ON chief executive Michael Lewis said: “First of all, this is what customers want, but we also want to send a signal to the wholesale market that we want to drive uptake of renewable energy.”
RenewableUK’s Head of External Affairs Luke Clark added: “It’s great to see major companies like E.ON providing 100% clean power for the huge number of consumers who are choosing renewables as their preferred energy source. As well as doing their bit to tackle climate change, it makes economic sense for bill payers too, as wind and solar are the cheapest forms of new power.”
The UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial welcomed the move, noting that: “The UK is a world leader in renewables. Last year more than 50% of our energy came from low-carbon sources as we move towards net-zero emissions.”
— Dept for BEIS (@beisgovuk) July 9, 2019
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Source: Adelaide, South Australia: University of South Australia.Can rehabilitation programs be effective in preventing re-offending? For some years, based on certain research, many concluded that nothing worked appreciably in reducing recidivism. However, according to the authors of this study, interest in the potential of rehabilitation has increased in correctional systems in recent years. The purpose of this study is to examine evidence suggesting that recidivism can be significantly reduced through rehabilitation programs for incarcerated offenders. The authors outline recent empirical studies concerning the effectiveness of such programs, and they identify what they consider to be principles of best practice in rehabilitation of offenders. Then, emphasizing psychological rehabilitation programs rather than educational or vocational, they also review programs relating to different types of offenders: sexual offender; anger and violence; drug and alcohol; and cognitive skills. Finally, they examine the current situation in Australia with respect to offender rehabilitation programs.
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LOS ANGELES (MarketWatch) — President Barack Obama wants to use California’s current drought as an example of the need for a $1 billion “climate resilience fund” that would aid research and help communities find ways to handle climate change, reports said Saturday.
Associated Press said Obama outlined the initiative as he announced more than $160 million in aid to California’s farms that are struggling to deal with the effects of the worst drought in more than a century.
“We have to be clear. A changing climate means that weather-related disasters like droughts, wildfires, storms, floods are potentially going to be costlier and they’re going to be harsher,” AP quoted the president, on a tour of central California’s farmlands, as saying.
“We’re going to have to stop looking at these disasters as something to wait for,” Obama said.
The president contended that even if the U.S. reduces pollution now, the planet will keep getting warmer for some time because of a buildup of greenhouse gases.
The $1 billion proposal is likely to run aground in a Republican-controlled House of Representatives that is largely skeptical on the issue of global warming. The House has passed a bill that would stop the restoration of a dried-up stretch of the San Joaquin River that was expected to help ease effects of the drought in California.
The president’s immediate aid would include $100 million from the past week’s farm bill that was signed into law designed to restore livestock.
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TikTok is being sued again for allegedly causing the deaths of two children who participated in a challenge that encourages people to choke themselves until they become unconscious.
Why it matters
The lawsuit underscores the type of dangerous content young people see on TikTok and other social media apps.
TikTok, a video app popular among young people, has been accused of causing the deaths of two children who participated in a challenge that circulated on the platform, according to a lawsuit filed on Friday.
Filed in Los Angeles County Superior Court, the lawsuit alleges that TikTok's algorithm recommended what's known as the "blackout challenge" to 8-year-old Lalani Erika Walton and 9-year-old Arriani Jaileen Arroyo, both of whom died in 2021 from strangling themselves. The challenge encourages people to choke themselves until they become unconscious.
The children's parents, who are being represented by the Social Media Victims Law Center, are suing TikTok and its Chinese parent company, ByteDance, for allegedly concealing the dangers of the app from consumers. The lawsuit was reported earlier by The Los Angeles Times.
"TikTok has invested billions of dollars to intentionally design and develop its product to encourage, enable, and push content to teens and children that Defendant knows to be problematic and highly detrimental to its minor users' mental health," the lawsuit says.
The lawsuit comes as the app faces increasing scrutiny over the impact it's having on young people. In May, the mother of a 10-year-old girl who died in Pennsylvania sued TikTok, alleging her child died from the "blackout challenge." That lawsuit also lists other victims. Attorneys general from several states, including California, are also looking into the harmful effects TikTok can have on young people.
TikTok algorithms exploit users under the ages of 18 whose brains aren't fully developed enough to control their impulses and emotions, the Los Angeles lawsuit says. Despite knowing about the dangerous "blackout challenge," the company "failed to take reasonable and appropriate steps," such as blocking or removing the videos, to prevent kids from seeing this content.
Walton believed that if she posted a video of herself doing the challenge she would become famous, according to the lawsuit. After her death, her family learned from police that the 8-year-old had repeatedly been watching videos of the dangerous challenge on TikTok.
Arroyo also saw dangerous TikTok challenges and videos on TikTok that encouraged her to participate in the "blackout challenge." Her mom also told her not to participate in these challenges, according to the lawsuit.
TikTok didn't respond to a request for comment. A spokesperson for TikTok told People magazine in 2021 that the "blackout challenge" predated social media and "has never been a TikTok trend." The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warned the public about a choking game in 2008 in which young people would try to choke themselves and others to achieve a brief "high."
TikTok's rules prohibit dangerous challenges, and the company launched a page on its website that encourages people to stop and think if an online challenge is harmful before attempting it. TikTok currently directs users who search for the "blackout challenge" on its app to this page.
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Redmond, Wash. — Feb. 28, 2011 — Clever Sense, a Microsoft BizSpark One startup, is making smartphones truly smart by enabling real-time, context-aware serendipity.
Clever Sense co-founders Babak Pahlavan (left) and Nima Asgharbeygi share a rare moment of downtime after pitching Seymour at the BizSpark One Summit in Mountain View, Calif., October 27, 2010.
Babak Pahlavan, the president and CEO of Clever Sense, just launched the first product that delivers on his vision of harnessing the power of the smartphone and the cloud to deliver the precise personalized information users need to make choices at any place and at any time. Whether it is finding an affordable, romantic, Romanian restaurant in Brooklyn, or knowing which eco-tourist adventure is right for you, Clever Sense applies artificial intelligence to create exclusive search results for customers.
The technology behind the Clever Sense platform makes sense of the real world by harvesting and sifting through the vast amount of information on the Web to deliver the right information to users in the right context as they look for local places, events, deals and other items.
Seymour is available on Windows Phone 7, and releases for iPhone and Android are expected.
Pahlavan and his co-founder, Nima Asgharbeygi, bootstrapped Clever Sense during its first two years of operations. To hear Pahlavan tell it, the men wouldn’t have it any other way.
“Building stuff has always been my main passion,” says Pahlavan. “I had those Lego sets that you could put together and actually create things like working helicopters or an engine. As clichéd as it sounds, computers just fascinated me in a whole new way.”
When other kids were hanging out and playing soccer, Pahlavan was on the computer. While watching television one day during his middle school years in Iran, he saw a demo of IBM Dragon. The speech-reconition software wasn’t available in Farsi, Pahlavan’s native language, so he and a friend set out to correct that minor problem. About 16,000 or so lines of code later, the 15-year-old had built a Farsi version of Dragon and knew what he wanted to do in life: make computers understand what human beings wanted.
That persistent boy leapt back out years later when the concept of Clever Sense began percolating between Pahlavan and Asgharbeygi. “There was never a moment when I thought, ‘I’ve got to go and build this personalized recommendation engine,’” says Pahlavan. “It was basically a notion that there was a need to make smartphones understand more about what humans wanted, that they needed to be more knowledgeable about the things people want to do — more like a companion, a friend that is available anytime, anywhere.”
Pahlavan and Asgharbeygi are well matched with their talents: Pahlavan is a large-scale-data guru and Asgharbeygi can make machines learn almost anything. Though realizing the vision for Clever Sense took more time and resources than they ever imagined, the two men are still as passionate about it as the day they first put together a winning presentation for the platform during a campus competition at Stanford University in 2008. Both men juggled full-time jobs and continued studies during the first months of Clever Sense — and without venture capital funding.
“We were introduced to venture capitalists as winners of the competition,” Pahlavan says, “but it didn’t go as well as it could have with them. It never does, and I don’t think it should because building a startup is such a difficult thing. Every day is a humbling experience and you learn something new. I thought it would take us six months to build Seymour, but it took us two years with our own money to get to a point where we could really gain the respect and interest of investors.”
Networking, says Pahlavan, is everything to a startup. He found his lead investor, Farzad Naimi, through an advisor at Stanford, who made a simple, friendly introduction that turned into an investment in Clever Sense more than a year later. “I was told that behind every entrepreneur’s success, there are about 100 failures. It sounds mundane, but it’s true. The trick is to adapt and learn from the failures.”
Advisors, then, are crucial to Clever Sense’s success. “You need people to help you think stuff through and validate — or invalidate — your hypothesis,” says Pahlavan. “You’ve got to listen, process the information and take whatever you think is relevant, but be able to communicate your perspective as well. Startups need a collective set of brains that are all moving in the same direction even as they debate and argue along the way.”
Access to knowledgeable advisors was the primary reason Clever Sense joined the Microsoft BizSpark program. Running a Mac shop, Pahlavan and Asgharbeygi were impressed by the support they were receiving from Microsoft. When they learned about BizSpark, they took advantage of the software and additional support the program provided.
Clever Sense offers Seymour, an artificial intelligence-based, context-aware personal concierge.
“I got to know more and more about the program, and I installed Windows virtualization tool, Parallel, on our Mac computers,” Pahlavan says. “Then we saw Windows Phone 7 and it just felt like you could build something beautiful on this new platform. We were able to focus on a small set of users with it and establish a relationship with Microsoft, which has been pretty helpful so far.”
Selected as a BizSpark One company in 2010, Clever Sense received the opportunity to work with a Windows Phone 7 device before any competitors. “The exposure you receive through the BizSpark programs is extremely helpful. And I genuinely feel that they want to see Clever Sense succeed. There’s a human relationship there that changed our perspective on Microsoft completely. This notion of being developer- and startup-friendly, at least in our case, has been very, very true.”
Pahlavan’s combination of tireless persona and childhood passion is paying off as Clever Sense continues to take advantage of the opportunities that sometimes seem mystifying at first. Far beyond its early bootstrapping days, the company recently landed more than $1.6 million in funding and is currently a hot commodity for potential investors.
“If you get offered an opportunity to do something different and be disruptive,” he says, “you should take it. A lot of people might not, but that’s a key reason why Clever Sense is successful. Don’t be afraid to stray from the norm and do something different.”
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At altitudes above the free air freezing level, precipitation falls as snow and quantity is
approximately ten times the water equivalent. That is, 1 mm rain corresponds to about 1 cm
However, the distance to which snow falls below the free air freezing level can vary between
few tens of metres and about 1000 metres, depending upon certain weather conditions. This
level will be indicated in the worded part of the forecast.
Indication of severe gale may be found in the spot forecasts and/or the worded forecasts.
The precipitation amount is for the 6 hours up to the hour, i.e. at 3pm it will be the total
accumulation from 9am until 3pm.
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Sign up to our newsletter
Wearable tech has had a mixed security record – who can forget the revelation that Fitbit users were broadcasting their sexual activity to the world after a misguided attempt to help users share?
The issue was – naturally – hastily patched, and a new generation of wearable tech brands hope that wearables can actually improve security, by offering built-in biometrics or working as two-factor (or even three-factor) authentication devices.
So far, the appeal of wearable tech has largely been to fitness fiends (even the humble Pebble Steel smartwatch ships with a full suite of fitness apps), and to workaholics keen to offload some of their Inbox onto their wrist.
But the makers of the hit Misfit fitness watch are now turning their attention to improving security with their next gadget – as are a host of new KickStarter projects and even Google-endorsed wearables.
Below are some of the more interesting ideas in wearable tech security.
The Shine fitness tracker has been one of the quiet hits in wearable tech, with a low price, long-lasting battery and fitness-oriented app offering a simplicity that works well on the wrist.
Its’ makers, Pearl, are to pair up with Neptune Computers – maker of a ‘watch phone’ to create a new piece of wearable tech, built to be an authenticator device, according to Neptune’s 20-year-old CEO, Simon Tian to be “a key to everything in your life”.
Neptune’s Pine is one of the few “smartwatch” devices which did not rely on pairing with a separate smartphone – it has its own aerial built in, and runs a version of Android 4.1.
Details on the authenticator watch – and how it will work – have been sketchy since the partnership was announced in March.
Despite repeated rumors, mainstream smartphones haven’t made the next leap in biometric security yet – and switched to iris scans.
An Indiegogo-funded smartwatch, Fidelys, aims to change that with an ultra-secure infrared iris-scanning camera – putting the fingerprint swipe pads of phones such as iPhone 6 and Samsung’s Galaxy S5 in the shade.
The probability of two individuals having the same iris is one in two trillion, the makers of Fidelys say. Iris scans are less likely to offer “false postiives” than fingerprint scans – and the makers of Fidelys say that people are more likely to accept them, as unlike fingerprint scans, they’re not associated with law enforcement.
Fidelys’s Jung woon Ryu says,“I came to realize that smartwatches are an ideal form factor for iris recognition, because we always look into our watches. In the modern world, there are always data breaches, but all we’ve done is create longer passwords. Fidelys has a single sign-on application, so once you’ve set it your password for each website you don’t have to bother with passwords again. You log in with your iris.”
The smartwatch’s infrared scanner scans irises within two seconds, using iris-scanner technology developed by InTech and used by companies such as Lockheed Martin.
The often-delayed Bionym Nymi wristband offers an entirely different – and, its makers promise, ultra-secure – take on biometrics, with the wristband measuring the ECG signature of its wearers heart in place of PC and other passwords.
The wristband has just received $14 million in Series A funding, and looks set to – finally – arrive on shelves in the near-ish future.
The Nymi has an embedded ECG (electrocardiogram) sensor, which recognises the unique pattern of its user’s heartbeat, and communicates with devices, “completely bypassing passwords and PINS,” its creators claim.
It was actually observed over 40 years ago that ECGs had unique characteristics,” Bionym chief executive Martin said in an interview with TechHive.
“The modern research into practical systems goes back about 10 years or so. What we do is ultimately look for the unique features in the shape of the wave that will also be permanent over time. The big breakthrough was a set of signal-processing and machine-learning algorithms that find those features reliably and to turn them into a biometric template.”
“The Nymi functions as a three-factor security system,” its makers claim. “It requires your personalized Nymi, your unique heartbeat, and a smartphone or device that has been registered to the app. This system allows for complete security without compromising convenience.”
Google’s push to make Android Wear watches an essential continues with the imminent Android Lollipop – the biggest overhaul yet for its mobile operating system.
The update will do away with passwords – at least for dedicated Google fans, with Google devices like Android Wear watches used to authenticate users instead of PIN codes or passwords in the new update, according to a report by PC World.
Sundar Pichoi, Google’s senior vice president in charge of both Chrome and Android revealed at Google’s I/O conference this year that Google’s Chromebooks – the company’s laptop operating system – could also be unlocked if a user’s Android L phone was present.
David Burke, Android’s Director of Engineering, said that phones could be unlocked using, “signals like locations you’ve designated, Bluetooth devices, or even your unique voice print,” according to Best Techie’s report.
Android Police commented that, “It can tether to your Android Wear device or remember your home WiFi. It will be faster to get at your content much of the time without sacrificing much in the way of security.”
Users will designate a single device to unlock each Android L phone or tablet. When a user is present, the device will signal the Android phone or tablet to say so, and the device can be unlocked without a passcode or password.
Author Rob Waugh, We Live Security
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Re: 32-bit or 64-bit?
Thanks. It's 32-bit.
Is it possible that a 32-bit system might be setup to run some 64-bit applications? I ask because I recently had to do a full overhaul of my system (wiped the hard drive clean and reinstalled everything). I have a 64-bit version of Softimage XSI 7.0, and I swear it was running on my computer before. Now when I install it, it tells me I have to install a 32-bit version.
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Songs at Mass (Suggestions)
‘Here I Am, Lord’; ‘Be Not Afraid’; ‘Make me a Channel of Your Peace’; “How Great Thou Art”.
God’s love is displayed for us in the life and death of Jesus. We rejoice in this love, and celebrate the victory over sin and death won for us. As a community, we praise God’s holy name.
• Today is the ‘World Day of Migrants and Refugees’
Sometimes our words and actions do not match each other. We call to mind our sins: (pause) I confess …
Alternative Opening Prayer (from 1998 ICEL Missal)
you alone judge rightly
and search the depths of the heart.
Make us swift to do your will
and slow to judge our neighbour,
that we may walk with those
who follow the way of repentance and faith
and so enter your heavenly kingdom.
Grant this through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son,
who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
God for ever and ever.
Introduction to the Scripture Readings
Ezekiel 18:25-28 — Ezekiel reminds us that our actions have consequences.
Philippians 2:1-11 — Contains Paul’s ancient hymn to Christ, which is read each year during the liturgy of Palm Sunday.
Matthew 21: 28-32 — Jesus teaches us that God wants our full commitment, not lip-service.
Introduction (by the Presider) The Lord’s mercy never ends, so we present our prayers with confidence.
- For the leaders of the Church — that they may practice what they preach (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
- For ourselves — that we may be real Christians (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
- For people in Dublin and Donegal — that they may have patience with their restrictions (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
- For everyone suffering because of COVID-19 — that God may help them (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
- For migrants and refugees — that they may be treated with love (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
- For those forced like Jesus Christ to flee — that they may be protected from every danger (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
The Presider prays for the dead: For all who have suffered death (especially N and N), that they may be raised to life through Jesus’ resurrection (Stop a moment and think about the prayer). Lord, hear us.
Conclusion (by the Presider) O God of endless goodness, your love and mercy have no end: hear the prayers your people make in faith, through Christ our Lord. Amen.
PRAYER OVER THE GIFTS
God of mercy,
look with favour upon our offering,
and in this eucharist
open to us the source
from which all blessings flow.
We make our prayer through Jesus Christ our Lord.
PREFACE (Sundays in Ordinary Time VI)
It is truly right and just,
our duty and our salvation,
always and everywhere to give you thanks,
holy Father, almighty and eternal God.
In you we live and move and have our being.
Each day we experience the wonders of your love,
and receive even now a pledge and foretaste of life eternal.
Possessing the firstfruits of the Spirit,
through whom you raised Jesus from the dead,
we hope to enjoy his paschal victory for ever.
And so, with all the angels and saints,
we sing the joyful hymn of your praise: HOLY, HOLY, HOLY
EUCHARISTIC PRAYER II (with interpolation for Sunday mornings)
Lord, you are holy indeed,
you are the fountain of all holiness.
In communion with the whole Church,
we have assembled on this day which you have made holy,
and, rejoicing that you have made us a new creation in your risen Son,
Send down your Spirit upon these gifts to make them holy,
that they may become for us
the body + and blood of our Lord, Jesus Christ.
Before he was given up to death,
a death he freely accepted,
he took bread and gave you thanks;
he broke the bread,
gave it to his disciples, and said:
TAKE THIS, ALL OF YOU, AND EAT IT:
THIS IS MY BODY, WHICH WILL BE GIVEN UP FOR YOU.
When supper was ended, he took the cup;
again he gave you thanks,
gave the cup to his disciples, and said:
TAKE THIS, ALL OF YOU, AND DRINK FROM IT:
THIS IS THE CUP OF MY BLOOD,
THE BLOOD OF THE NEW AND EVERLASTING COVENANT.
IT WILL BE SHED FOR YOU AND FOR ALL,
SO THAT SINS MAY BE FORGIVEN.
DO THIS IN MEMORY OF ME.
The mystery of faith…..
Remembering therefore his death and resurrection,
we offer you, Lord God,
this life-giving bread, this saving cup.
We thank you for counting us worthy
to stand in your presence and serve you.
We pray that all of us who share in the body and blood of Christ
may be gathered into one by the Holy Spirit.
Lord, remember your Church throughout the world:
perfect us in love
together with Francis our Pope and N. our Bishop,
with all bishops, priests, and deacons,
and all who minister to your people.
Remember our brothers and sisters
who have gone to their rest
in the sure hope of rising again;
bring them and all who have died in your mercy
into the light of your presence.
Have mercy on us all:
make us worthy to share eternal life,
with Mary, the virgin Mother of God,
with the apostles and with all the saints,
who have found favour with you throughout the ages;
in union with them
may we praise you and give you glory
through your Son, Jesus Christ.
Through him, with him, In him,
in the unity of the Holy Spirit,
all glory and honour is yours, almighty Father,
for ever and ever.
PRAYER AFTER COMMUNION
let this holy mystery restore us in mind and body,
that we who proclaim the death of Christ
and are joined to his suffering
may become co-heirs with him in glory,
who lives and reigns for ever and ever.
Prayer over the People (In Time of Pandemic)
O God, protector of all who hope in you,
bless your people, keep them safe,
defend them, prepare them,
that, free from sin and safe from the enemy,
they may persevere always in your love.
Through Christ our Lord.
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EntreEd Explorations Kits are a great way to integrate entrepreneurship into any classroom! Each hands-on kit is focused on a different subject area and features about six different lessons that correspond to the unit. Every kit includes a materials list to purchase necessary items.
Kits are designed to be used one per classroom and do not need to be purchased multiple times for each individual student. The cost of kits may be able to be reimbursed for eligible schools only. Please contact us through the form below to request kits, and we'll be in touch!
Preview Kit Frameworks
The Learn2Launch kit is designed to provide students a high-level overview of entrepreneurship to introduce them to the definition, mindset, and key phases of the entrepreneurial process.
The STEAM kit provides a variety of entrepreneurship and STEAM lessons for your students. These lessons include explorations into artificial intelligence and machine learning, video creation and editing, entrepreneurship financials, and business models.
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Boomer Megacities: Tokyo As a Barometer for the Developed World?
Tokyo's population is swelling at a rate last experienced in the boom of the early 1960s. Tokyo's population grew by over 90,000 in 2006, a result of economic migration from provincial Japan, according to the Land Ministry. As rural populations head for the cities, and the economic gap widens between the urban rich and the rural poor, some 2,600 villages across the country may face extinction. Hokkaido and Nagasaki have suffered most from this polarising trend, say demographers and economists. But the sharp increase in Tokyo's population is also related to the so-called "2007 effect": the mass retirement of baby boomers. Many couples in their 60s who spent their working lives in the suburbs are moving into central Tokyo to be closer to the bright lights.Is this something people are seeing in other regions more broadly, or this strictly a global city phenomenon?
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Vullaby is a dual-type Dark/Flying Pokémon introduced in Generation V. It evolves into Mandibuzz starting at level 54. Take a look below for 23 awesome and fun facts about Vullaby.
1. Vullaby resembles a baby vulture.
2. It has a plump, stout body covered in dark gray feathers, tiny wings with gray tips, and pink feet with three clawed toes.
3. Its neck is short and supports a round, pink head devoid of any feathers, except for a crest on the top.
4. There is a collar of fluffy, light gray feathers around its neck.
5. It has a small gray beak and red eyes.
6. Vullaby protect their rear by wearing a cracked skull as a diaper-like undergarment, hence its categorization.
7. Vullaby either finds this bone itself or uses one found for it by Mandibuzz.
8. Its large appetite results in large growth sports, resulting in Vullaby having to replace their bones, and they often pass older bones down to smaller Vullaby.
9. Vullaby often start petty chats with their own kind on which bones are the most comfortable.
10. Vullaby is known to chase after weaker creatures.
11. Vullaby is a female-only species.
12. Vullaby may be considered a counterpart of Rufflet. Vullaby and Rufflet can evolve starting at level 54 and are both part-Flying. Vullaby are exclusive to Black, Black 2, Moon, and Ultra Moon; while Rufflet are exclusive to White, White 2, Sun, and Ultra Sun. Whereas Vullaby can only be female, Rufflet can only be male.
13. Vullaby and its evolved form were created by James Turner.
14. Despite Vullaby’s wings being too undeveloped to let it fly, according to its Pokédex entries, it can still learn Fly and Brave Bird.
15. Vullaby is based on a vulture chick.
16. Vullaby may be a combination of vulture and lullaby (which are often sung to children) or baby.
17. Vullaby debuted in Unrest at the Nursery!, where she was a Pokémon in the daycare belonging to Layla and usually got into a fight with Rufflet. Their fight ended after Rufflet saved her from a trio of Amoonguss.
18. A Vullaby appeared in the opening sequence of Kyurem VS. The Sword of Justice.
19. Two Vullaby appeared in Rocking Clawmark Hill! as some of the Pokémon training up on Clawmark Hill. One of them was seen fighting a Boldore.
20. A Trainer’s Vullaby appeared in Battle Royal 151!, where it competed in the Battle Royal preliminary round of the Manalo Conference but ended up losing off-screen.
21. A Vullaby appeared in The Case of the Missing Pokémon, where she was one of the Pokémon kidnapped by Team Plasma. She was later found in a stronghold and returned to her Trainer.
22. White caught a Vullaby, which she nicknames Barbara. White casts Barbara for her villainous roles. She first appeared in With a Little Help from My Friends.
23. Four Vullaby appeared in A Lost Melody.
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Mike Gravel on Health Care
Libertarian for President; Former Democratic Senator (AK)
A: Iíd pay for it with a retail sales tax. I favor universal coverage of quality medical care. I favor it through a device of using vouchers where everybody would be able to get a voucher. Theyíd sign up for it every year. It would guarantee them equal health care. All citizens would get the same health care. They would be able choose from insurance plans or a government plan like Medicare. Thatís how we would have health care, and the only way youíre going to pay for it is not by saddling business. All you do by forcing business to pay for health care or passing a law telling people they have to go buy insurance, which is a subsidy for the insurance companies, all these plans are going backwards.
A: By one, making the whole process competitive. Two, by changing the control thatís held by the pharmaceutical companies, by the insurance companies and the health-care industry over the Congress so that they cannot properly design a health-care system that meets everything that you defined. Stop and think what failure we have in this country. Bismarck put this in place in 1888. Truman advocated this in 1946. And we still canít get it right. Maybe thereís something failing in our society. And there is. Itís called representative government. And what we need to do is to equip the American people to then step in and be able to make laws in partnership with their elected officials.
A: Itís not so difficult, and it doesnít take a lot of rethinking. Thereís nothing wrong with a wealthy--supposedly wealthy--country like ours to define that everybody should have the same health care. And thatís what Iíve done with my program, [designed by] people that have really fought, theyíve spent their lives at this. Itís not that difficult if you have a commitment. But when the industry that profits from health care calls the shots on the way health care is going to be delivered, then you are going to see the anomalous situation that you have in this country where they canít even deliver it to everybody fairly.
Q: So, how would you prohibit that kind of influence?
A: Well, you canít. This is representative government. They put up all the money.
A: Iíd very simply recognize that we have to provide a system where everybody is treated equally, and thatís a voucher system. You would sign up for a voucher, you would not pay for it; they would give you the choice of five insurance plans, and the insurance companies would not determine what care youíll get. Theyíll compete on the basis of administration. But the difference between the voucher plan, which gives you freedom to pick a doctor, pick a hospital, is different from all the others because theyíre financing their plans via business enterprise. And thereís no reason why businesses in this country should have to carry the cost of health care. It disadvantages them in the world competitive market. It makes no sense. Youíre given the choice of either a job or health care, but youíll never get both
A: The obvious answer is that we need to do a better job on health care. We need to do a better job with respect to how we treat Americans. I feel very deeply.
GRAVEL: Understand that the health care that weíre talking about, by and large, is going backwards. Weíre subsidizing the insurance companies. And all the plans that Iíve heard of, except Dennisís, is a continued subsidization of the insurance companies.
A: Doctors do a lot of testing today to cover their backside, you know, because they donít want to be sued. One of the features of these regional boards is weíre going to do away with what we see that the attorneys love, and that is to go sue doctors or raise the costs where they canít even stay in business.
Now, what can we do? Real simple. We can turn around and say letís have a health care program that establishes equality. Itís called the universal single-payer -- by single-payer I mean all Americans pay for it regardless of the system you have now but the system youíre going to get, single-payer Health Care Voucher plan.
And the vouchers are set up for risk on an individual basis, not on a collective this fits all, because if youíre young, you probably donít have a cost of more than $3,000. When youíre my age, it could be $180,000 in one year, which is what I got hit with and I went bankrupt as a result of that.
There will be no lemon-dropping-- no ďyou donít qualify, you got a preexisting condition.Ē This plan can work. All we need to do is bring the people in. The people are not empowered to do anything.
A: There is a role for the president in his or her leadership capacity, and that is to change the culture, to really energize people to exercise, to eat the right foods. [A constituent] showed me she could have got this junk bar for 50 cents but they were asking for $.125 for an apple. Doesnít that tell you something about the dynamics of whatís going on? We need a leadership that sets a tone. We know the problem of obesity. I try to diet all the time, sometimes successfully, sometimes not so successfully. But when all youíve got in your field of vision is junk food, you got problems. The government is a tool. [But now] the special interests determine how the tools of government is handled by the lobbyists to manipulate you to vote for them. Thatís the process that we live under and thatís process that has to change.
A: One of the facets of my plan would be to keep in place Medicare and Medicaid and phase them out over time. Because plans to put everybody on Medicare arenít going to fly financially and just canít be met. We are in deep economic difficulty and in debt. So when you talk about the seniors, this is where you have these health regional boards where in that region theyíll be defining what goes into these various vouchers. And theyíll change every year depending upon your personal history as you get older. We know it costs less for young people and it costs more for old people. Thatís just the nature of the situation. So I donít have any magic to take care of the seniors. All I can say is I can set up a structure that will have checks and balances where theyíll have a better say, theyíll have a better say than they have today.
Comprehensive care that provides for early detection of disease is unavailable. There are not enough facilities in the right places. There is no effort to assure that health problems will be checked in the whole population.
A fundamental principle of a peopleís platform must be to establish citizen control over the public and private medical-industrial complex. A national health administration must coordinate efforts with local health districts. The concept of a national health service is not new. It has worked successfully in England & other nations. The difficulties & dislocations will be great in implementing it here, but the step must be taken.
|Other candidates on Health Care:||Mike Gravel on other issues:|
GOP: Sen.John McCain
GOP V.P.: Gov.Sarah Palin
Democrat: Sen.Barack Obama
Dem.V.P.: Sen.Joe Biden
Constitution: Chuck Baldwin
Libertarian: Rep.Bob Barr
Constitution: Amb.Alan Keyes
Liberation: Gloria La Riva
Green: Rep.Cynthia McKinney
Socialist: Brian Moore
Independent: Ralph Nader
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Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi (TNGM), Mount Merapi National Park is a national park located in central Java. Administratively, this national park area is included in the territory of two provinces, namely Central Java and Yogyakarta. The designation of the Mount Merapi National Park area was carried out by Decree of the Minister of Forestry 134/Menhut-II/2004 dated May 4, 2004.
The management objective is the protection of water sources, rivers and life support systems in the regencies/cities of Sleman, Yogyakarta, Klaten, Boyolali, and Magelang. Meanwhile, before the formation of the National Park Management Center, TNGM was under the management of the Yogyakarta Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam – KSDA).
Location and area
The geographical position of the Mount Merapi National Park area is between coordinates 07°22’33” – 07°52’30” South Latitude and 110°15’00” – 110°37’30” East Longitude. While the total area is around 6,410 ha, with 5,126.01 ha in Central Java and 1,283.99 ha in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The Mount Merapi National Park area includes the districts of Magelang, Boyolali and Klaten in Central Java, as well as Sleman in Yogyakarta.
The forests of Mount Merapi have been designated as protected areas since 1931 to protect water sources, rivers and to support the life systems of the regencies/cities of Sleman, Yogyakarta, Klaten, Boyolali, and Magelang.
Before being appointed as Mount Merapi National Park, the forest area in the province of Special Region of Yogyakarta consisted of protected forest functions covering an area of 1,041.38 ha, the Plawangan Turgo nature reserve (Cagar Alam – CA) 146.16 ha; and natural tourism park (Taman Wisata Alam – TWA) Plawangan Turgo 96.45 ha. The forest area in Central Java, which is included in the National Park area, is a protected forest covering an area of 5,126 ha.
Topography. The area of Mount Merapi National Park is located at an altitude between 600 – 2,968 m above sea level. The topography of the area ranges from sloping to hilly and mountainous. To the north there is a plateau that narrows between two mountains, namely Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu around Selo District, Boyolali.
In the southern part, the slopes of Merapi continue to descend and slope to the south coast on the edge of the Indian Ocean, crossing the city of Yogyakarta. Before the foot of the mountain, there are two hills, namely Turgo Hill and Plawangan Hill, which are part of the Kaliurang tourist area.
Type of soil. The soil types in this area are regosol, andosol, alluvial and litosol. Regosol soil, which is a young soil type, is mainly located in the Yogyakarta area. Soil parent material is volcanic material, which develops on the physiography of mountain slopes. Andosol soil types are found in Selo and Cepogo sub-districts, Boyolali.
Climate. The climate type in this area is type C according to the Schmidt and Ferguson rainfall classification, which is slightly wet with a Q value between 33.3% – 66%. The amount of rainfall varies between 875-2527 mm per year. The variation of rainfall in each district is as follows: Magelang: 2,252 – 3,627 mm/yr.; Boyolali: 1,856 – 3,136 mm/yr.; Klaten: 902 – 2,490 mm/yr.; and Sleman: 1,869.8 – 2,495 mm/yr.
Hydrology. The Mount Merapi area is the source for three watersheds (watersheds), namely the Progo watershed in the west; Opak watershed in the south and Bengawan Solo watershed in the east. Overall, there are about 27 rivers around Mount Merapi that flow into the three watersheds.
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Top 6 Misconceptions About Agriculture
A little while back, we came across a 2015 article from cattlenetwork.com that identified the primary obstacles facing agriculture today. These obstacles included issues such as a growing population, climate change, and water quality. But the one obstacle that the article emphasized above all the others was the obstacle of consumer misconceptions about agriculture. The task of improving consumer perception of agriculture, the author said, is “the greatest challenge facing agriculture in the next five years.”
The Case for Informed Consumers
The reason why consumer perception is such a big deal goes back to a point that we made in an earlier blog post. The folks behind modern agriculture need to be on the same page as consumers because consumers have a lot of influence. They have the potential to become the greatest advocates of the industry.
After all, as the cattlenetwork.com article acknowledges, consumers will help make important future policy decisions regarding agriculture. They have the power to both hold back and spur forward technological innovations in the industry. Which one they ultimately do depends on whether or not they believe in those innovations.
The article points out that, nowadays, consumers have an unfortunate tendency to listen to anti-agriculture groups. Through their strategic messaging, these groups breed distrust in and dissatisfaction with innovations in agriculture. In reality, however, such groups often don’t provide reliable information in these matters.
Agribusinesses and agricultural community education groups, on the other hand, have more accurate, first-hand information. They just need to get that information out there. They need to become the reliable sources for people seeking information in agricultural matters. By doing so, there’s a chance agricultural groups can begin to build a strong relationship with consumers.
To counteract the spread of misinformation about agriculture, we first have to know what topics cause confusion among consumers. What issues breed their distrust of modern agriculture? What prevents them from feeling connected to the industry as a whole?
Top 6 Misconceptions about Agriculture
If you Google “top misconceptions about agriculture,” you’ll find tons of articles outlining the primary topics of confusion for consumers. After perusing a few of these lists, we’ve pinpointed six myths that we think have particular weight in today’s culture. As you read on and consider ways to counteract these myths, check out our portfolio of past projects. We created these exhibits for our clients to help them dispel misconceptions about agriculture. And maybe the ideas will help you do the same.
1) Farming is old-fashioned and low-tech.
One of the top misconceptions about agriculture is that today’s farmers live in the past—in a world of rusty tractors and old-fashioned tools. They see the agricultural industry as antiquated, unsophisticated, and slow-moving.
What they don’t know, however, is that agriculture is actually a major hub for the latest technological and scientific advancements. As a result, modern farmers often receive higher education in a variety of areas. Plus they know how to work devices such as iPads, drones, and highly developed tractors. This Washington Post article outlines other highly technical elements of modern farm work.
2) Big corporations own most farms.
Despite popular opinion, it turns out that farms in the United States are quite the family affair. According to an estimation by the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service, family farms make up as much as 99% of all farms in the United States. Additionally, about 90% of all U.S. farms are actually small family farms. The large family farms make up only 3% of all farms.
3) Labelled food helps consumers make informed choices.
Food labels such as “Non-GMO” or “Antibiotic Free” can sometimes help consumers have a better idea of what they’re buying. But usually these labels just confuse and deceive uninformed shoppers. Consumers tend to have a very limited understanding of what the labels mean in the first place. But those labels still attract them simply because they make the food sound healthier or more natural.
To cite a couple examples listed on The Peterson Farm Blog, the label “Non-GMO” often appears on foods that contain produce that has never been genetically modified. Additionally, the label “Antibiotic-Free” is misleading because, in truth, all meat in grocery stores is antibiotic free. This is because all farmers are restricted from slaughtering animals that have been treated with antibiotics until the antibiotics have left their bodies.
When it comes to labels like this, it’s the role of the agricultural industry to make sure that consumers have a foundational understanding of the corresponding practices involved in modern agriculture. That way, consumers won’t be tricked into buying a certain product for a reason that is based on misunderstanding.
4) “Organic” is better.
Today’s consumers tend to assume that the more expensive, organically grown foods are safer and healthier than conventionally grown foods. Most are surprised to learn, however, that the nutritional advantages of organic foods are generally minimal to non-existent. A writer at Frontiers of Freedom goes into further detail on this subject in an article published in summer 2016.
In addition, many consumers don’t realize that farmers still treat organic foods with pesticides, just as they would with any other crop. The only difference in the pesticides used on organic farms is that the chemicals in these pesticides occur naturally while scientists synthesize the pesticides used on conventional crops. Just because they’re “natural” chemicals, however, doesn’t make them safer. Even these “natural” chemicals can prove a danger to consumers, as the Frontiers of Freedom article notes.
5) Chemicals make food less safe.
Chemicals in both synthetic and natural pesticides can negatively influence human health. However, chemicals used for pesticides are essential to protecting food from predators who would potentially harm or destroy the crops.
In fact, as this Washington Post article explains, the greatest threats to food safety are biological contaminants such as viruses and parasites. These can be introduced to a food supply by pests. But the appropriate application of the right chemicals can help prevent such contamination. When toxic chemicals enter a food source, they most frequently come from natural sources, not from pesticide residue.
6) GMOs are evil.
One of the biggest misconceptions about agriculture appears in the topic of genetic modification. Because of the negativity surrounding GMOs in the media, the majority of consumers see GMOs as something to avoid. Some anti-GMO groups have even called GM foods “poison.”
In reality, however, GM crops are very safe and beneficial. Plus, genetic modification is actually nothing new. In fact, other methods of genetic modification have been happening ever since agriculture began. As this video from Kurzgesagt explains, farmers would do this by simply breeding animals or plants that had the desirable traits. This way, they could produce more animals or plants with those traits. Modern-day genetic modification of crops that involves labs and chemical engineering is simply a more controlled way to select the traits you want in your food.
Furthermore, GMOs have actually shown no negative health effects in the 20-plus years since the first genetically engineered food became available for humans to eat. This means they are a far cry from being poisonous. In fact, genetic modification can help crops fight diseases and pests. Scientists also use genetic modification to give certain foods more health benefits. (For more on these facts, check out this article and this funky YouTube video.)
Back to You
The above six misconceptions about agriculture are only a handful of the wide array of confused ideas surrounding the industry in America. As you take your own steps to promote agricultural literacy where you are, keep these in mind. Remember that these areas of confusion are the single most challenging obstacles that you need to overcome in order to best educate consumers.
Check out this page to view our display that addresses misconception number six, the concern about GMOs. This display appeared this week at the Michigan Farm Bureau State Annual Meeting in Grand Rapids.
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< Back To Blogs
Discover the Drama Behind The Farnsworth Invention
Posted on March 22, 2012 at 2:19:22 pm by Kayleen R.
Who could guess that an item created a lifetime of entertainment would bring pain, betrayal, and corporate ruin for those involved with its discovery? Yes, folks, we’re talking about the television, or TV as it has become known during most of its lifetime. That electronic genius that brought the world into the living rooms of most Americans is credited as being invented by Philo T. Farnsworth, a Midwestern farm boy (whose home can be found right here in Fort Wayne). Unfortunately for Farnsworth, another inventor, David Sarnoff, who headed RCA, also claimed the distinction of being its designer. The feud that took place in the mid-20th century was big enough to garner the attention of Aaron Sorkin, creator of The West Wing and A Few Good Men. He wrote the play, ‘The Farnsworth Invention," which will be presented as a Civic Off-Main Production at the Allen County Public Library Downtown, 900 Library Plaza. The title gives away the battle’s victor, but what did Farnsworth lose in his battle to gain notoriety as TV’s inventor? Performances will be held March 30 -- April 15 on Fridays and Saturdays at 8 p.m. Sunday matinees at 2 p.m. (No performance on Easter Sunday.) Tickets are $26 for adults, $18 for youth/students. Content advisory: Frequent strong adult language
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No one questions the premise that the hapless people uprooted from their lands and hearths should be properly rehabilitated or paid adequate compensation for the financial, physical and emotional price they pay for losing their properties to enable the Government to build a dam or a highway. As a concerned citizen, one is in total empathy with the uprooted families, particularly those belonging to deprived sections of the society. A welfare state, like ours, needs to adopt a humane policy in this regard. Relocation and rehabilitation processes need to be made transparent to ensure justice and to minimise corruption. Additionally, the state needs to give due consideration to the needs and emotional requirements of the affected people. One is witness to the agony of several thousand farmers of what is now Himachal Pradesh whose lands were submerged consequent to the construction of Bhakra dam. A large number of them were allotted land in sandy areas of Rajasthan that was most unsuitable to the people used to living in hilly areas. Most of them had no option but to sell off at throwaway prices the barren lands allotted to them and return to their state as paupers.
However, a duly constituted government has the sovereign right to acquire any private property, including land, for a public purpose. If the Government of the day takes a decision through the due process of law to acquire private property, the only right available to the citizens is to demand and get an adequate and appropriate compensation. While the quantum of the compensation or the quality of rehabilitation package can be challenged in courts, no one has the right to ask that the public purpose for which the land was acquired be negated. This is precisely what the anti-dam brigade is doing with regard to almost every major development project in the country. It was the case with Tehri project and the ugly spectacle is being repeated with regard to Narmada Dam. Foreign funded NGOs and professional agitators oppose all development projects on one pretext or the other. One wonders if their objective is to prevent India from emerging as a first rate developed and prosperous country so that they continue to receive foreign funds to undertake studies on India'spoverty, backwardness, discrimination against minorities and what not.
So far as Narmada Dam oustees are concerned, the Supreme Court of India has established an effective mechanism for dealing with complaints about tardy implementation of rehabilitation plans and payment of adequate compensation. The manner in which our officialdom functions, there is every chance that there are delays and or corruption in the rehabilitation process. If the complaints to these court-mandated authorities didn'tevoke a positive response, the affected people have every right to launch a peaceful and non-violent agitation to focus government and public attention on the real or perceived inadequacies. The so-called Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) and its leader Medha Patkar'sright to protest can'tbe questioned. However, the NGO'sintentions are suspect. NBA and its environmentalist allies may be concerned about the relocation of oustees, but their target is something else. They want to stop work on the Narmada project that is the lifeline of Gujarat and will immensely benefit M.P., Rajasthan and Maharashtra. They have opposed the increase in the height of the dam at every stage in utter violation of court orders. They recently resorted to blackmail through much hyped hunger strikes to stall the construction of the dam under the garb of tardy implementation of rehabilitation work. Union Minister for Water Resources Saifuddin Soz ganged up with the anti-dam brigade in an insidious attempt to stop the work on the project in a bid to serve his party'spetty partisan interests. In the process, he tried to malign the BJP-ruled states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan by dishing out half-truths and blatant lies. He led a Group of Ministers (GoM) to avowedly see for himself the progress of rehabilitation work but went there with a closed mind. It was an entirely stage-managed show. He saw and heard what the NBA activists wanted him to see and hear and met only a select few chosen by the anti-dam lobby. The report is a bundle of lies, half-truths and half-baked ideas. M.P. Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chauhan'sin his communication to the Prime Minister has proved beyond a shadow of doubt that the GoM'sreport was subjective, erroneous and pre-meditated.
Sample some of the errors?intentional or inadvertent. The report says the government had offered land to 407 families at Kalaghat. The fact is that there is no rehabilitation center at that place but at another place?Khal Buzurg. Again, it is wrong that 407 families had been offered land there. It is the total number of oustees that have been allotted land in the entire state. Interestingly, out of 4,286 affected people who were offered land by the Government, only 407 agreed to have land, while the remaining opted for a special rehabilitation package. Again, the report says hospitals and primary schools set up and hand pumps installed at Lakhangaon were non-functional. How can these become functional before the allottees settle there? Pointing out that almost 90 per cent of those entitled for land-for-land compensation, opted for the special rehabilitation package, the Chief Minister says it is inconceivable that more than 3,800 were forced to accept cash compensation as alleged by the GoM. Making fun of the Union Government, the Chief Minister pointed out that one of the observation made by the GoM was correct. Oustees getting more than rupees one lakh as compensation were being charged income tax. The State Government had taken up the issue with the Union Government without any positive response. Who is to blame for this lapse?
It is conceivable that some of the oustees are victim of official lethargy and corruption. Their cases need to be taken up expeditiously and states must be made accountable for providing adequate and fair compensation to the affected families. However, nothing should be done to undermine the machinery set up by the apex court to monitor the progress in the rehabilitation plans. The Supreme Court has rightly said that the construction on the dam and relocation and rehabilitation process must progress side by side. UPA Government has sent wrong signals to the professional agitators by trying to appease the likes of Medha Patkar and her allies, including writers and actors. Today, it is Narmada Dam. Tomorrow they may launch an agitation against the acquisition of land by the National Highway Authority thereby jeopardizing one of the major infrastructural projects underway in the country. Land is always an emotive issue and a large chunk of land has to be acquired for all big projects. The Government needs to wake up and take a firm stand to call off the bluff of jholewalas and professional agitators. They shouldn'tbe allowed to blackmail the country.
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Bitcoin Basics in Australia
Bitcoin 101 - what is Bitcoin?
Bitcoin is an open-source, de-centralized, peer-to-peer digital commodity. Woah, Quite a jargon-y mouthful indeed! Let's decontruct that.
Open-source: this simply means that the underlying control structures (in this case the computer code) which makes up the system/program in question, is "open" and freely available for anyone to access, inspect, modify, fix, change (break), etc. Flying in the face of western competitive capitalism and corporate greed, open source software can sometimes be a difficult concept for some to understand and fully appreciate. Consider it the future way of creating software (or of doing anything, really), as it's a co-operative model, instead of a competitive one. As we're coming to learn and accept, the model of co-operation is a far more efficient and effective one. The era of compete & deceive seems to be (thankfully!) coming to an end.
De-centralized: the state of having no central authority. Akin to mushroom mycellium, the Internet, fractals, holograms, universes, etc., this is a model of the all-is-one theme of this universe. Instead of a top-down, pyramidal system of domination & control (think many religions, governments, military, many societies, etc.), a de-centralized system is just that - all lateral, with no real hierarchy. This model is also proving to be far more efficient at distribution, equity, resource management, sustainability, and on and on. If you think that having the Federal Reserve (a private corporate entity which controls the US monetary system) seems like a bad idea - then Bitcoin's de-centralized nature is right up your alley.
Peer to Peer: the flip-side of the de-centralized model. As there is no real top-down control system, there are simply "nodes" on the network, just like the Internet. Everything connects to everything else. All is one. Aum!
Digital commodity: Bitcoin is one of the few commodities on the planet which supply happens at a known, predictable rate, and cannot be modified (well, itechnically it could be modified, if the community agreed to the modification). It was designed to be essentially counterfeit-proof, and extremely fungible or divisible (each Bitcoin is comprised of 100-million individual "Satoshis", ie, there are 8 decimal places to a Bitcoin).
What is required to control/access Bitcoin? Bitcoin is stored in wallet addresses which are protected by private keys. An example of a wallet address is: 1BKPi3B88vAA5FDCBhxq6vFXMzK5S9jmKw. Each wallet address has an associated "Private Key" which is used to grant access to the coins at the associated wallet address. The private key is a much longer set of characters and is all that is needed to access Bitcoin stored at the associated wallet address.
How does one acquire Bitcoin? There are really only 2 ways, either threw barter, or threw Bitcoin "mining". Barter would include all the various currency, commodity, service and fiat exchange services, and "mining" is the process of running a piece of software which validates the transactions of the network, and receiving a reward for doing so. This website has a lot of information on how to buy bitcoin via exchanges: bitcoins.com.au. #bitcoin-otc is the web-of-trust driven site, where the geeks who jockey the network do their trading via Internet Relay Chat/IRC (where, if one can gain the community's trust, is a far more effective place & way to trade bitcoin.)
How does one spend Bitcoin? Once you have accessed Bitcoin stored at a wallet address, to spend it is as simple as entering in the address you wish to send it to, and pressing your wallet's Send key, and confirming the transaction. There is no going back, or chargebacks - it's on you to verify the address is correct and you truly wish to send funds there. Instantly, the request for funds to be moved is transmitted to the network and the Bitcoin are then spendable by the recipient after being confirmed (which takes on average about an hour). As the state of the art in wallets is about to drastically change (given the Trezor and other hardware wallets on the way) this procedure of spending, and even storing, is about to radically alter. Many nay-sayers have rightly said that Bitcoin will never reach critical mass until it has a user-friendly application & way to accept and spend it, well those days are rapidly approaching. The Trezor is due to ship in the fall of 2013.
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The global market for companion animal healthcare is valued at $9.16 billion in 2013. Expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.86%, the market is set to reach $13.37 billion by 2020.
The companion animal health market is segmented based on type of products i. e Vaccines, Paraciticides, Anti-infectives, Medicinal feed additives, and other pharmaceuticals, based on diagnostics i.e Enzyme Linked Immuno sorbent assay(ELISA), Rapid Immuno Migration( RIM), based on genetics,based on geography market is divided into North America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and Rest of World. Europe accounts for the largest share of the animal vaccines market, followed by North America. The developing regions like Asia-pacific and Africa are expected to form a new revenue pocket in the market. Countries such as India, China, Brazil will be the major contributors in the market.
Pfizer (U.S.), Merck (U.S.), Sanofi-Aventis (France), Bayer HealthCare (Germany), Virbac (France), Novartis (Switzerland), Boehringer Ingelheim (Germany), Heska Corporation (U.S.), Bioniche Animal Health Canada, Inc. (Canada), and Ceva (France) are the key players in the global companion animal health market
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In a joint statement earlier today (20 March), the Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), together with the Solidarity for ASEAN Peoples’ Advocacy and the undersigned organisations, expressed grave concerns with the lack of a human rights focus in the current response to the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Members States.
As such, they call upon ASEAN Member States to place human rights and dignity as the core principles in addressing the pandemic, specifically by ensuring that any public health measures are taken in alignment with international human rights law and standards to ensure accountability and transparency in the handling of the situation.
They noted that is alarming that many ASEAN Member States have yet to adopt a clear communications strategy to inform the public on the situation, three months after the COVID‐19 outbreak. This notion was made following observation that ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, Laos, and the Philippines have delayed or limit the release of information to preserve their image.
Besides that, Myanmar, Thailand, and Singapore are actively use repressive laws such as national anti‐fake news laws to pursue misinformation, although this ultimately failed to quell public fear or doubt. According to the statement, this high‐handed approach risks public health and welfare, particularly for those with limited access to information and education. It mutes peoples’ legitimate expressions of doubt and query on the actual situation in their country and inspires more speculation and misinformation on the COVID‐19 situation in‐country.
Meanwhile, in Indonesia, President Joko Widodo initially encouraged international and local travel by providing
incentives for local tourism, while later admitting that the Government intentionally hid information related to the areas that are contacted with COVID‐19 amidst fear of public uproar.
This lack of transparency from the Indonesia’s Health Ministry and its Government is also documented in the Philippines. Both the Governments of Singapore and Myanmar have expressed the intention to impose their anti‐fake news provisions in their laws to control the information.
In Thailand, amidst public concern over the actual number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases, the authorities implied that presenting false information online related to COVID‐19 could fall under the offense of the Computer Crime Act.
More worryingly, no cases have yet to be reported from Laos and Myanmar, raising serious concerns about lack of testing or reporting, and consequent lack of pandemic preparedness.
As several countries including Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia have tightened border controls and imposed forms of lock‐downs, FORUM-ASIA and many other NGOs are increasingly concerned that governments may use excessive force, militarisation, or other abuses of power in implementing these measures.
This becomes particularly concerning as uniformed forces are deployed without adequate training and due oversight when implementing these heightened control measures and the fact that most of ASEAN member states have authoritarian or partial‐democracy governments.
For example, in the Philippines on 15 March 2020, on the first day of the quarantine in Metro Manila, several individuals reported corruption and intimidation by the police. The expansion of quarantine to an ‘enhanced community quarantine’ level throughout Luzon, the largest and most populous island in the Philippines, also poses concern as access to transportation, food security, and essential healthcare facilities will be heavily restricted.
Meanwhile, the Government of Indonesia deployed its National Intelligence Agency to help monitor the situation, instead of relying on medical experts.
“Without an independent body to conduct monitoring and coordination of and among governmental bodies, potential violations and abuses of human rights including the right to access to healthcare, right to freedom of movement, right to personal security, right to privacy, and right to non‐penalisation for lack of documentation, is high,” said the NGOs in their statement.
“We are further concerned with the lack of preparedness and the inadequacy of healthcare systems and facilities in the region to address the COVID‐19 situation,” they added.
Despite governments’ insistence that their health protocols have met the World Health Organisation standards, sufficient access to testing and treatment as well as protection equipment are often only available in major hospitals in major cities in the region, without realistic solutions provided for the rest.
This situation threatens healthcare and social workers, who are at the frontline of the battle, as they are left vulnerable with a high risk of contamination due to the lack of protection protocols and safety equipment.
Additionally, the NGO also highlighted how the pandemic response further reinforces existing inequalities faced by vulnerable populations, particularly informal workers, migrant workers, as well as rural, elderly, indigenous, LGBTIQ, people with disabilities, and refugee communities. Refugees and other underground populations face unique vulnerabilities linked to risks posed by engaging authorities.
Mitigating these risks will be critical to stemming COVID‐19 spread. Meanwhile, women and girls are experiencing challenges as the burden to conduct unpaid care work for their family members, especially the sick, increases. Furthermore, incidents of domestic and intimate partner violence can likely increase during strict quarantines while services and facilities that aim at addressing domestic and gender‐based violence are disrupted due to COVID‐19 response procedure.
About 70% ASEAN’s workforce come from the informal sector, including part‐time informal workers, and workers in the ‘gig’ economy. Many are daily wage earners and/or coming from marginalised communities. These workers will have their livelihood severely affected from pandemic response measures.
Hence, states must provide a social protection net that mitigates the impact on all of those affected by the COVID‐19 pandemic without exception and without discrimination.
“They should also implement measures such as the universal work from home and covered‐leave policy, as well as contingency and compensation during the quarantine”, remarked the NGOs, while criticising businesses that still demand staff to report physically to work despite known risks or by imposing unpaid leave for several months.
Ultimately, the NGOs, in their statement, reiterated the importance of human rights and dignity as core principles in combating this global pandemic.
They noted with disappointment that these principles are not underscored in the commitment of ASEAN health sectors to further review and assess the enhanced cooperation in regional preparedness, response strategies, and countermeasures by utilising the ASEAN Plus Three Health Cooperation.
It is further disappointing to see that the disparate display of measures by the individual ASEAN Member States showed the lack of a coherent and coordinated ASEAN approach in managing the impact of the pandemic to the region.
Therefore, the NGOs call upon ASEAN Member States to practise the following measures:
- Respect human rights, fundamental freedoms, and human dignity as well as to abide with international human rights standards and principles when implementing measures to address the COVID‐19 pandemic
- Provide free and high quality tests, treatment, and care to all people affected by the pandemic, including marginalized groups and undocumented populations
- Provide temporary and safe shelter during enforced quarantines for the homeless and other vulnerable communities
- Facilitate regular and transparent access to accurate, timely, and comprehensive information to the public regarding the disease, including the risk of transmission, prevention, and governmental efforts to address the situation
- Ensure that all employers, including public institutions and private companies and businesses, provide adequate compensation to all employees affected by the pandemic
- Generate a timely response accessible to all people, including those who have limited access to healthcare facilities
- Provide holistic measures, through law, policy, and practice, to uphold and ensure workers’ and migrant workers’ rights, welfare, safety, and security, regardless of legal status, in response to the COVID‐19 threat
- Encourage all national human rights institutions to monitor the human rights impact their State’s measures together with civil society
- Ensure that full access to social and protection mechanisms, including access to justice for women and girls must not cease at this time of quarantines.
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This essay compares and evaluates two principal Marxist theories of state, the instrumentalist and the structuralist theories. For the development of insight into the functioning of the capitalist mode of production normally, and the transformation of its system (contemporary capitalism) in and through its moments of economic crisis, and therefore of state, there is a requirement for a dynamic theory of the capitalist state (Jessop, 1978). A state refers to an organized community living under the government which is defined as a unified political system. The government refers to the administrative bureaucracy, the particular group of people controlling the apparatus of the state, the means through which the state power is employed at a given time. States are served by continuous sequences of different governments (Poulantzas, 1976; Miliband, 1965).
The instrumentalist position crudely implies that the state serves to enforce and guarantee the stability of the societal class structure in the capitalist system as an instrument in the hands of the ruling class. The functions ascribed to the state are therefore understood with regard to the exercise of power by personnel in strategic positions through this instrument (the state) either directly through manipulation of policies or indirectly through exerting pressure on it. On the contrary, the instrumentalist view fronts the argument that the state can be viewed as being a direct servant of the ruling or capitalist class coming under the direct control of the members of this class in key positions of power in the state, the administrative bureaucracy.
The Marxist theories of state highlight the centrality of the state to the capitalist reproduction process. In capitalist societies, it is evident that capitalist social relations are reproduced and the state is therefore implicated in this crucial process of the reproduction of capitalist relations (Jessop, 1982; Jessop, 1978). Such a function ought to be performed by some apparatus, institution or a combination and often many, if not all, of these institutions are either heavily regulated by the state or are state apparatuses themselves (Jessop, 1977; Mandel, 1971). The state therefore emerges as the node in the network of power relations characteristic of contemporary capitalist societies and hence becomes the key focus of attention for Marxists.
Capital is fragmented into numerous competing units and yet is reliant on crucial generic conditions that have to be satisfied for profits to be secured and surplus value extracted from labor (Ross and Trachte, 1990). A capitalist economy unregulated by the state, a truly free market, and characterized by the multitude of competing capital is inherently unstable and prone to crisis. It suffers contradictions and steering problems that can never be resolved unless regulation is instituted to manage the conflicting interests (Jessop, 1982). Continual accumulation eventually threatens the stability of the capitalist economic system itself and its modes of production (Wright, 1977; Poulantzas, 1976). The state must of necessity intervene within this risk-prone economy to secure ideal conditions conducive for continued capitalist production, supremely regulating the economy and safeguarding the circuit of capital (Sweezy, 1942).
With regard to the instrumentalist theory, Paul Sweezy (1942) notes that the state is, “an instrument in the hands of the ruling class for enforcing and guaranteeing the stability of the class structure itself” (p. 243). Miliband (1983) affirms this theory identifying the class that rules in a capitalist society to be one that “owns and controls the means of production and which is able, by virtue of the economic power thus conferred upon it, to use the state as its instrument for the domination of society (p.23). These concepts follow Marx’s famous Dictum in The Communist Manifesto which states that “the executive of the modern state is but a committee for managing the affairs of the whole bourgeoisie” (Miliband, 1965).
Miliband makes the conception of the state as non-existent, but as a conceptual reference point standing for “a number of particular institutions which, together, constitute its reality, and which interact as parts of what may be called the state system” (Miliband, 1983, p. 49). He emphasizes that state power lies in these institutions and through them, the people occupying leadership positions in each of them wield this power in different manifestations (Miliband, 1983, p. 54).
The basic thesis of this perspective is that in modern economies, capitalists have the ability to formulate policies that represent their interests in the long-term, as well as to ensure, through institutions of the state, that the policies are adopted, implemented and enforced (Stone, 1971). The modern state, in this regard, is dominated by the capitalist class and serves the interests of the capitalism. Under the capitalist system, specific organizations of government, culture society and the economy, often in competition, institutionalize the control of key resources which typically consist of wealth, status, force and knowledge. The instrumentalist approach thus views the organized possession, ownership and control of these key resources in any society as the basis for the exercising of power.
Institutions enable the organization of power in a society, vesting individuals occupying positions of authority within them such as the board of directors and executive officers the capacity to make decisions regarding the deployment of key resources owned or controlled by the institution. Government also bestows authority on its public officials to employ administrative coercion or force wherever needed against anyone who fails to comply with the law (Stone, 1971; Domhoff, 1990). The individuals occupying these positions of authority control different types of power which can be characterized as economic, political or ideological. Power can thus be imputed to these particular groups of individuals in light of their control of key resources, with wealth and income (capital) often the generalizable source of power in a capitalist society (Stone, 1971; Domhoff, 1990; Miliband, 1970).
Normally, the capitalist class has the ability to mobilize key resources and to deploy them more efficiently and with greater capacity than other classes in society which is the theoretical basis for Miliband’s postulate that “the ruling class which owns and controls the means of production and which is able, by virtue of the economic power thus conferred upon it, to use the state as an instrument for the domination of society” (Laclau, 1975). The capitalist class is in essence an economic network overlapping between and based upon institutional position such as management and property relations such as ownership (Mandel, 1971; Miliband, 1983). The corporate elite in modern economies, for instance, wield immense economic power through their authority over resource allocation within individual firms and the deployment of the same resources towards other diverse, wide-reaching goals such as political, educational and cultural goals (Domhoff, 1990; von Braunmuhl, 1978).
This approach is founded on the assumption that capitalist societies are prone to crises inherently, which originate in the regular economic stagnation cycles and/or continual conflicts between capital and labour precipitating class wars (Gold et al., 1975). Poulantzas argues that the capitalist mode of production in its basic structure brings forth class practices that tend to contradict and crisis tendencies that inevitably lead to the disruption of the capitalist system, a situation which necessitates the involvement of a separate structure that serves to maintain the system restoring its equilibrium (Laclau, 1975; Jessop, 1977). Due to these, structuralists argue for the necessity of the state to intervene politically to mediate class struggles and to maintain economic stability in capitalist societies (Sweezy, 1942; Gold et al., 1975; Poulantzas, 1978). Poulantzas (1976) argues that in the capitalist mode of production, the general function of the state, is ideally as “the regulating factor of its global equilibrium as a system” (p.45).
The structuralist theory disputes the idea fronted in the instrumentalist position outlined above taking the position that through the crucial influence of individuals in control the institutions of the state, have to function in ways that the general viability of capitalism is ensured into the future. It views the mode of production in a capitalist system specifically as a form of capitalism, not because members of the capitalist class hold state power in the powerful positions, but because the state, in its institutions (legal, political and economic) produces the logic of capitalist structure (Gold et al., 1975; Poulantzas, 1976).
From a structural perspective therefore, it would be argued that institutions of the state, which include the legal institutions, function to serve the long-term interests of capital and capitalism, unlike what appears to be fronted by the instrumentalist perspective, which appears to focus on the short-term interests of the leading capitalist class (Poulantzas, 1980). The structuralist fraternity thus argues that the state and its constituent institutions have some degree of independence from the elite in the capitalist or ruling class.
As summarized by Ernest Mandel (1971), the protection and reproduction of the basic fundamental relations of production, the social structure of societies in a capitalist system, form the function of the state as far as this is not attained automatically through the processes of the economy. Consequently, in their approach, structuralists front the argument that state policies and institutions are best understood through their function in maintaining the capitalist system.
The relationships that organize the production and distribution of commodities, essentially, private property and the market constitute the economic structure of a capitalist society (Stone, 1971; Ross and Trachte, 1990). The political structure consists of the institutionalized power of the state while the ideological instance refers to the collective thought systems and the subjective consciousness of individual actors existing in a given society (Poulantzas, 1976; Laclau, 1975). Structuralists advance the idea that the modes of production can be analyzed regarding the interrelations of functions between these economic, ideological, and political structures essential for the sustenance of a particular mode of production (Jessop, 1982; Offe, 1972; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982).
A capitalist society is considered stable when all these structures, as a cohesive system, function to maintain relations of production and hence the ability, in the capitalist system, to appropriate surplus value from workers. However, structuralists note that as a result of the capitalist system’s internal development, there are a variety of contradictions that are constantly at work within the system including economic crisis, class struggles and uneven development which generate crises of capital accumulation, as well as simultaneously undermining the domination of the ruling class (Wright,1977; Poulantzas, 1978). This is what Marx posits as “the tendency for the rate of profit to fall” (Jessop, 1978)
Competing factions are created by the practice of capital accumulation which generates fragmentation among the classes (Offe, 1972; Hall, 1980). Poulantzas maintains that uneven development results in an unstable equilibrium between economic, political and ideological instances (Poulantzas, 1978; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982). Structural equilibrium is therefore maintained by the state acting as a mediator preserving and enhancing capitalist interests through interventionist policies and institutional reforms. The modalities of the state constitute political functions insofar as their objective of operation is to maintain and stabilize a society in which the capitalist class dominates and exploits (Wright, 1977; Gold et al., 1975).
At the heart of the debate between the two theories is the concept of state power which unlike instrumentalist theorists, structuralists generally insist that it is not merely reducible to governmental institutions (economic, political or ideological) and state personnel. These, Poulantzas argues, have no power or cannot exercise power, but are arenas through which political power can be exercised and thereby exist by virtue of their role and function in a capitalist society (Poulantzas, 1978; 1976). He observes that the structure does not refer to the simple principle of organization that is external to the institution, the concrete social institutions making up a society, but refers to the systematic function of interrelationships among the institutions to the production of surplus-value and appropriation (Poulantzas, 1980; Sweezy, 1942).
Defining state power as the capability of a social class to attain its objectives through state apparatus, which he also defines as “the unity of effects of state power (i.e. policies) and the network of institutions and personnel through which the state function is executed,” Poulantzas (1978; Laclau, 1975) emphasizes the unity of function between the power of the state and its apparatus with the latter conceived to intrinsically include functions executed through state institutions by state personnel. The main indicators of state power objective are the influences of state policies on the accumulation of capital and the class structure (Poulantzas, 1976; Sweezy, 1942).
Under the structural view, notwithstanding their personal affiliations or beliefs and due to the logic of the capitalist system, state bureaucrats are constrained to act on behalf of capital (Stone, 1971). The state’s fiscal functioning and therefore legitimacy is dependent on and constrained by the economy and of necessity, therefore, serves the interests of the capitalist class (Stone, 1971; Sweezy, 1942). Also noteworthy, policies of state and its stability are central to the creation of a favorable business climate and the confidence that sustains investments and therefore economic growth (Stone, 1971; Gold et al., 1975). Through these assertions, Poulantzas claim that, in a capitalist system, political power has its constitution outside the state apparatus in the relations of production, the private control of assets of production, is founded. The conception of the functioning of the state going against bourgeoisie interests is thus deemed impossible, as it would imply the removal of its basis of power and control of the means of production.
In the relations of production, the ability to locate power outside of the state poses a serious challenge to the instrumentalist perspective of the state apparatus as the repository of state power (Laclau, 1975). While Miliband seeks to expose the dominant bourgeois ideology with his critique of its mythology, he however entertains the bourgeois assumptions about the state particularly that power resides in the personnel of the state rather than in the state apparatus. He focuses on class in terms of inter-subjective relationships and on the state in terms of interpersonal alliances, connections and networks of the state elite (Laclau, 1975; Ross, 1979). Poulantzas, in his support of the structuralist theory, differs with this view fronting the objective structural reality of social classes and the state, with the class being objective structural locations within the relations of production, and the state being the structure, form and function of the this capitalist institution (Poulantzas, 1978; Przeworski and Wallerstein, 1982).
Being agency- or personnel- centered and viewing the state as a custodian of capital, instrumentalism views the state as an instrument which is manipulated and steered according to the interests of the ruling elite or dominant class. This perspective asserts the pivotal superiority of agency, the individuals’ conscious actions and social interests/ forces, over structure. Personnel of the state are thus afforded dominance over the capitalist apparatus – the form and function of the state. The foundation of this perspective lay in Kenneth Finegold and Theda Skopol’s argument that “an instrument has no will of its own and thus is capable of action only as an extension of the will of some conscious actor” (Domhoff, 1990, p.42). This implies that the action of the state as an instrument under the control of the capitalist class has its origin in the purposive and conscious efforts of capitalists as a class in the structure (Domhoff, 1990; Stone, 1971).
Instrumentalism assumes primarily that through its ownership and control of the means of production, the capitalist class rules. Socialization, interpersonal connections and networks tie this class to the state and the state is used as an instrument to dominate the rest of society. Thus it is not guaranteed that the state is engaged in the reproduction of capitalist social and economic relations, rather, a situation can arise contingent upon the dominance of the capitalist ruling elite within capitalist society, and its personal ties to the members of the state apparatus.
In marked contrast, structuralism emphasizes the underlying importance of structures over agents and their intentions. Agents are regarded as having minimal capacity to influence the objective structures they bear. This perspective is structure- or state-centered, and views the state as acting in the interest of the ruling class collectively in the long term. The capitalist state’s form and function are essentially determined independent of the intentions, motivations and aspirations of members of the dominant class or political actors. The outcome of this is a political and economic system that retains the capitalist nature and turns state personnel into mere functionaries executing policies that are imposed upon them by the capitalist system.
However, it is evident that the state does not always dominate as it is often necessary in modern economies for businesses and elites to communicate with policymakers through avenues such as lobbying, campaign contributions and/or consulting which are considered to be transmission belts between capital and the state. With this view, the power structure emphasized by an instrumentalist approach can at least have some influence affecting whether or not the state exerts its full capacities on behalf of capital. The subsidiary mechanisms that this view emphasizes turn out to be required for the effective functioning of the major mechanisms pointed out by structuralists.
Domhoff, W., 1990. The Power Elite and the State. New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
Gold, D., Y., Clarence, H., Lo, and Wright, 1975. “Recent Developments in Marxist Theories of the Capitalist State, Part II.” Monthly Review 27, no. 6 (November): 36-51.
Hall, S., 1980. ‘Nicos Poulantzas: State, Power, Socialism’ New Left Review I/119
Jessop, B., 1978. “Marx and Engels on the State’ in Sally Hibbin (ed.) Politics, Ideology and the State.” In: Bobbio, Norberto ‘Is There a Marxist Theory of the State?’ Telos 35
Jessop, B., 1977. “Recent Theories of the Capitalist State.” Cambridge Journal of Economics 1: 353-72.
Jessop, B., 1982. The Capitalist State: Marxist Theories and Methods. New York: New York University
Laclau, E., 1975. ‘The Specificity of the Political: The Poulantzas – Miliband Debate’ Economy and Society 5:11
Mandel, E., 1971. The Marxist Theory of the State. New York: Pathfinder Press.
Miliband, R., 1965. ‘Marx and the State’ Socialist Register 2
Miliband, R., 1983. ‘State Power and Class Interests’ New Left Review I/183
Miliband, R., 1973. ‘Poulantzas and the Capitalist State’ New Left Review I/82
Miliband, R., 1970. ‘The Capitalist State – Reply to N. Poulantzas’ New Left Review I/59
Offe, C., 1972. “Political Authority and Class Structures: An Analysis of Late Capitalist Societies.” In: International Journal of Sociology, 2: 73-108.
Poulantzas, N., 1976. “The Capitalist State.” New Left Review 95: 63-83.
Poulantzas, N., 1978. Classes in Contemporary Capitalism. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1978. Political Power and Social Classes. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1980. State, Power, Socialism. London: Verso
Poulantzas, N., 1980. Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Przeworski, A., and M., Wallerstein, 1982. “The Structure of Class Conflict in Democratic Capitalist Societies.” In: American Political Science Review 76, no. 2 Oune): 215-38.
Ross, “Nicos Poulantzas, Euro communism, and the Debate on the Theory of the Capitalist State.” In: Socialist Review 44 (March): 143-58.
Ross, R., and K., Trachte, 1990. Global Capitalism: The New Leviathan. Albany: SUNY Press
Stone, A., 1971. “Modern Capitalism and the State: How Capitalism Rules.” In: Monthly Review 23, no. 1 (May): 31-36.
Sweezy, P., 1942. The Theory of Capitalist Development. New York: Monthly Review Press.
von Braunmuhl, C., 1978. “On the Analysis of the Bourgeois Nation State within the World Market Context. An Attempt to Develop a Methodological and Theoretical Approach.” In John Holloway and Sol Picciotto, eds., State and Capital: A Marxist Debate, pp. 160-77. Austin: University of Texas Press,
Wright, 1977. “Alternative Perspectives in Marxist Theory of Accumulation and Crisis.” In Jesse Schwartz, ed., The Subtle Anatomy ofCapitalism, pp. 195-231. Santa Monica, : Goodyear Publishing Co.
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Researchers give low marks to California's English proficiency test for kindergartenersSeptember 19, 2011 By Kathleen Maclay in Other Sciences / Social Sciences
Most of the thousands of four- and five-year-olds who take Californias official test for English language proficiency before they start kindergarten are bound to fail that exam, according to a new University of California, Berkeley, study. It found that only 12 percent of those given the up to two-hour-long exam are deemed English proficient.
Lisa García Bedolla, an associate professor at the Graduate School of Education (GSE), and Rosaisela Rodriguez, an academic coordinator there and a research specialist, report that taking the California English Language Development Test almost guarantees that a student will be categorized as an English learner. They also point to strong evidence that California schools are misidentifying large numbers of entering kindergarten students as English learners.
In their report for UC Berkeleys Center for Latino Policy Research, the investigators said their findings indicate that scarce school resources are being misdirected, with students receiving instruction inappropriate for their language skill levels as a result.
The researchers examined the 2009-2010 results of the test, which is administered to new public school students in grades K-12 who are identified through a parental home language survey.
The test is designed to identify students with limited English language proficiency and determine their level of proficiency, as well as to assess progress of students with limited English in learning to listen, speak, read and write in English.
They found that the 12 percent English proficiency results throughout the state dropped to a stunning 6 percent when the large Los Angeles Unified School District with a 15 percent English proficiency rate is excluded from the analysis.
Although it is true that student populations can vary from year to year, we believe it reasonable to assume that the proportion of incoming kindergarteners that will be EL students should be roughly comparable to the proportion of the district as a whole, they write in their study.
The researchers fault both a four-question home language survey for parents that generally is part of the paperwork required to enroll a kindergartener in public school, and the exam itself.
The survey asks questions about the childs first language, the language he or she speaks most often at home, the languages the adults speak at home, and what language the parents speak most often with their child.
For most districts, the mention on the survey of any language other than English or, in some cases, any language in addition to English triggered the requirement that a child take the test, the researchers said.
The test drew additional fire from García Bedolla and Rodriguez, who contend that a two-hour test for children entering kindergarten is unrealistic, and that test observers reported children crying, hiding under chairs or tables and generally being unable to participate in the exam that is conducted without parents present. The test was recently expanded to include questions that require these pre-kindergarteners to engage in reading and writing, they added.
García Bedolla suggests that the initial parental survey should include more appropriate questions to gauge school readiness, such as the presence of books in the home and the amount of time parents read to their child. She also says that languages other than English spoken in the home should not automatically be considered detrimental to a childs English proficiency.
In addition, she recommends that after the initial English proficiency assessments, decisions about whether to designate a kindergartener as an English learner consider other information, including parental opinions and teacher observation of students during the first few weeks of school.
García Bedolla said schools have a built-in incentive to test as well as to classify students as English learners. Schools receive $5 from the state for each test given, get additional federal Title III funding for these students, and, should a large number of kindergarten English learner students test English proficient in third grade, districts are acknowledged for improving their English skills even if those students were originally misidentified.
The California English Language Development Test was first administered in California public schools in 2001, when it lasted less than half an hour. Since then, it has just ballooned, said García Bedolla. The state Department of Education will review the test next in 2013.
Meanwhile, if were right about this, the number of early grade English learners in Californias public schools may grow exponentially, García Bedolla said, adding that once a child is designated an English learner, the classification remains with them through third grade.
The report is available online.
Provided by University of California - Berkeley
"Researchers give low marks to California's English proficiency test for kindergarteners" September 19, 2011 http://phys.org/news/2011-09-california-english-proficiency-kindergarteners.html
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In exports it was followed by other African countries (23 %) and China (8 %). For imports these two had switched places, China (16 %) was second and other African countries (13 %) were third.
What is the major export of most African countries?
In most African states one or two primary commodities dominate the export trade—e.g., petroleum and petroleum products in Libya, Nigeria, Algeria, Egypt, Gabon, the Republic of the Congo, and Angola; iron ore in Mauritania and Liberia; copper in Zambia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo; cotton in Chad; coffee in …
What does Africa trade with other countries?
Principal international trading partners of South Africa—besides other African countries—include Germany, the United States, China, Japan, the United Kingdom and Spain. Chief exports include corn, diamonds, fruits, gold, metals and minerals, sugar, and wool.
What are the major exports of Africa?
The main exported commodities of African nations are:
- Palm oil.
- Gold and diamonds.
- Precious metals.
Where do African exports go?
Sub-Saharan Africa exports to China worth US$ 37,570 million, with a partner share of 13.33 percent. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to India worth US$ 26,316 million, with a partner share of 9.34 percent. Sub-Saharan Africa exports to Netherlands worth US$ 14,785 million, with a partner share of 5.25 percent.
What does Africa export to China?
Imports from Africa were up 25.5% to $49.6 billion during these first five months of 2012 and exports of Chinese-made products, such as machinery, electrical and consumer goods and clothing/footwear increased 17.5% to reach $30.9 billion.
What food does Africa export?
Top export agricultural products from Africa include maize, bananas, cheese, soybean oil, sugar, cigarettes, fowl, and shrimp.
Who is Africa’s largest trading partner 2020?
Africa’s main trade in goods partner is the EU
In 2020, the largest trade partner for Africa was the EU with 28 % of both exports and imports. In exports it was followed by other African countries (23 %) and China (8 %).
What is South Africa’s biggest export?
Searchable List of South Africa’s Most Valuable Export Products
|Rank||South African Export Product||Change|
|3||Iron ores, concentrates||+7.1%|
Who is Africa’s largest trading partner?
China is currently Africa’s largest trading partner, having surpassed the US in 2009.
What is Africa known for producing?
Africa is a major producer of important metals and minerals. … Africa’s two most profitable mineral resources are gold and diamonds. In 2008, Africa produced about 483 tons of gold, or 22 percent of the world’s total production. South Africa accounts for almost half of Africa’s gold production.
What does South Africa export to USA?
This category includes gold, platinum and diamonds. The second biggest export category for South Africa to the USA is products of Iron and Steel with just over 18% of South African exports to the USA and the third biggest export category being Mineral products with just under 16%. This category includes iron ore.
What products are made in Africa?
8 Surprising Products From Africa That You Use Every Day
- Coffee. As the demand for high quality and fairly traded coffee increases, African coffee growers are gaining more attention. …
- Cobalt. …
- Shea Butter. …
- Cashews. …
- Chocolate. …
- Palm Oil. …
- Coltan. …
How does Africa make money?
The economy of Africa consists of the trade, industry, agriculture, and human resources of the continent. … Growth has been present throughout the continent, with over one-third of African countries posting 6% or higher growth rates, and another 40% growing between 4% to 6% per year.
What does Africa export to us?
Agriculture exports to the U.S. have grown significantly since AGOA, from $59 million in 2001 to $261 million in 2014. The main exports of agriculture products to the U.S. are cocoa paste and powder, citrus fruits, edible nuts, wine, unmanufactured tobacco, and vegetables.
How important is Africa to the world?
Africa is the world’s second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. … Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.
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Assistant Professor John Kim, MD, MS published a first-author study in the European Respiratory Journal that identified associations between hiatal hernia and imaging-based biomarkers of early lung injury and scarring among community-dwelling adults in the NHLBI-sponsored cohort Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Notably, this relationship was strongest among adults who were genetically predisposed to developing pulmonary fibrosis and suggests a combination of clinical risk factors and underlying genomic risk may contribute to the early pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease. Ani Manichiakul, PhD and Stephen Rich, PhD from the UVA Center for Public Health Genomics were co-authors.
UVA Researchers Identify Hiatal Hernia As a Potential Risk Factor in Pulmonary Fibrosis
July 18, 2022 by email@example.com
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Yellow Navy： Ideal beliefs are the key to implementing the fundamental tasks of the Lordshire
Yellow Navy: Ideal beliefs are the key to implementing the fundamental tasks of the Lordshire
The Huang Navy pointed out that Li Deshu people are the fundamental tasks of colleges and universities. Whether the goal of building a high-quality education system in the new era is achieved, which depends to a large extent on the implementation of the fundamental tasks of Lidshu people.
Different historical periods, different development stages, this topic’s connotation will also be different. The Huang Navy believes that in today’s era, the Li Dehu people must first arrest this key point of the ideal belief, enhance students ‘comprehensive quality, cultivate students’ innovative thinking, and improve their ability to improve the hard work, hard work At the same time, it is necessary to internalize these work to the university running and management, including discipline construction, classroom teaching, scientific research, talent training, and internship practice.
"The Classics and Policy are the key courses that implement the Lord Tree people. This must do a good job." Huang Navy talked about that Beihang was in the construction of the thinking curriculum. Leading by the teacher, the school leadership team and the teachings of the school participated in the preparation, and the protection of the thinking classes, thoroughly, and achieved the effectiveness; the second is to focus on the courses, except for the scientific extracurricular, other majors The course should be in the same time, all-round, whole process, and all members to participate in the goal of the educational people, guide the contemporary college students to adhere to the ‘four confident’, cultivate patriotic ambition, and brave the mission.
For how to better carry out courses, Huang Navy says that Beihang has always focused on the spirit of heritage, red culture has been integrated into the gene and blood of teachers and students in schools.
"Northern Airlines now conducts courses and selection people in the course, and the quality is constantly increasing. In recent years, the school has also launched an excellent course thinking and political selection, encourages the first-line professional class teacher to actively participate in the courses. Current construction. Currently It has been highlighted. "
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How to make your own Metallic dots.
I’ve been a bit reluctant to give this Metallic Dots “tip” as I really though everyone knew it. So if you’ve heard it before then please excuse me. I’m not trying to teach my grandma to suck eggs.
I’ve always made these dots from any cut offs I have of metallic card, holographic cards, coloured paper etc. I wouldn’t use a new sheet for it but when I make things like the Metallic Christmas Stars it always leaves a lot of cut off which I’d hate to throw away.
Every now and then I sit down with a bunch of these cut offs and make the dots using an old fashioned hole punch. I then stick them in pots and keep them along with my glitter etc ready to decorate Stars, greetings cards and other paper craft projects.
Couple of bonus tips:
- Some of the papers I use have sticky backs. Once you’ve punch the small dot these can be very difficult to peel the backing off. I tend to ignore the fact they are sticky backed and just glue them onto projects as if they weren’t.
- If you are like me, with no nails, or perhaps slightly shaky hands then these little dots, and other things like them, can be very difficult to pick up. I use a straightened paperclip with a it of blue tack on the end to do it. It’s much quicker than trying to pick them off my cutting mat. I use the same when dealing with small bits of decoupage or any other small pieces.
Well I hope you find these tips useful. As I said I’m sure they aren’t new to a lot of you but if we all share little tips we have then we’re all bound to come across some which are new to us!
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|Is your hospital prepared to handle an emergency?
|In March 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention released results from its 2008 hospital preparedness survey. Among the highlights of the survey:
Implications for hospitals
- Nearly all hospitals had emergency response plans to address chemical releases, natural disasters, epidemics, and biological incidents.
- About seven in 10 hospitals also had response plans for nuclear/radiological and explosive incidents.
- Most hospitals had plans for cancelling elective procedures and admissions to expand on-site surge capacity, and more than two-thirds had plans for alternate care areas.
- More than half of hospitals had staged epidemic drills, one-third of which included mass vaccination or medication distribution.
- Most hospitals had memoranda of understanding with other hospitals to transfer adult patients during an epidemic, and more than half of hospitals had an understanding for pediatric and burn patients.
HCPro Hospital Safety Center interviewed several experts who offered the following suggestions:
Prepare for a wide range of events, but focus on the likely ones. The Joint Commission expects hospitals to focus on the top five risks identified in their hazard vulnerability analysis. Hospitals identify those hazards based on probability. So, hospitals may not plan their emergency exercises around preparing for a nuclear attack because blizzards, earthquakes, tornadoes, and flu pandemics may be far more likely events. “You have to put your limited resources where they will get the most bang,” says one expert.
Initiate better planning for special populations, including children. Planning for special populations is less common than planning for adult patients, the study found.
Prepare to handle sudden increases in volume associated with mass casualties. ED crowding is a major problem, with many hospitals now operating at or near full capacity, the study noted. Hospitals need plans to address surge capacity, such as opening up unused areas, doubling up inpatient rooms, canceling elective admissions and procedures, and using alternative areas, HCPro added.
“Hospitals should assume that in an emergency situation, 80% of casualties will self-report to the hospital or be brought in by bystanders and only 20% will arrive via emergency medical services. Hospitals must prepare for patients to show up at their doors during a disaster, and most won’t be processed through your typical emergency services,” one expert told the publication.
Prepare for critical shortages. Resources for patient care become scarce in disaster situations. For instance, there will likely be a shortage of mechanical ventilators for patients in respiratory failure. Only about half of hospitals had advance plans for adjusted standards of care for allocation of ventilators during mass casualty incidents, according to the CDC study.
Create and execute a training program. Base your training on your emergency operations plan, develop pandemic influenza exercise programs, and execute an exercise to test the validity of training and plans, the study suggested.
HCPro noted the study found that while more than half of participating hospitals had staged epidemic drills, only about one-third had included mass vaccination or community medication distribution specifically – key components in the H1N1 epidemic.
Plan for advance registration of outside healthcare professionals to volunteer in public health emergencies. Only half of hospitals have plans to do this, the study found. Federal grant money is tied to this requirement, HCPro noted.
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Lake Keowee holds the cool, clear mountain waters that comprise the headwaters of the Savannah River basin. With 18,500 surface acres and 300 miles of shoreline, as well as Duke Energy’s Oconee Nuclear Station, Keowee Hydro Station and Jocassee Pumped Storage Hydro Station, there’s a lot of activity on the lake.
Lake Keowee is a precious natural resource to many who live, work and play in Upstate, South Carolina, and it gets a lot of love from different organizations that work hard to keep it beautiful on its shore and under its surface. Most recently, employees from GE Power and GE Renewables, as part of their GE Volunteers organizations, spent a day diving Lake Keowee to clean litter from the lake floor. The company’s diving club visited heavy-traffic areas used by boaters, anglers and swimmers – all near Duke Energy’s Oconee Nuclear Station in Seneca, S.C.
Divers collected eight bags of trash, and pulled up debris, such as a toilet seat, used tires and a fishing pole.
“Even though Lake Keowee is over an hour from Greenville, we have so many employees, friends and families who visit the lake each year,” said GE Volunteer’s Melissa Seely. “Helping to keep it clean will only give us a better place to come and enjoy all that it has to offer, including spotting bald eagles and that 6-foot catfish that watched us while we were out there cleaning up trash.”
Each year, Duke Energy volunteers also spend an afternoon visiting various beaches, public access areas and parks on and around Lake Keowee to collect litter that visitors leave behind. During their most recent clean up event during Duke Energy in Action month this past May, volunteers clocked more than 40 hours of service picking up trash on Lake Keowee, which enabled the team to give Friends of Lake Keowee Society a $500 Duke Energy grant. FOLKS is a non-profit organization that spends time and resources protecting Lake Keowee. In addition to water quality and wildlife enhancement programs, FOLKS volunteers take ownership in keeping Keowee’s shoreline clean.
Duke Energy is thankful for these partnerships from various volunteers, nonprofit groups and company volunteer groups who give their time and resources protecting the lake.
If you live near a lake, consider volunteering your time picking up litter from the shoreline. You never know the impact a little clean up can do.
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Peggy found the real treasure.
By Jennifer M. Ginn
WHILE I’M PUTTING IN my customary few hours at the church yard sale, talking with shoppers and cruising the tables for my own bargains, along comes Peggy, an older church member whose adult daughter lives with her. She headed right to the purse table.
She fingers one of my donated purses lovingly, exploring its inside pockets, trying it on her shoulder, then saying: “Yes, that’s the one.” I know she’s getting a treasure, at least if you count the pockets.
For months after her purchase, on the Sundays Peggy comes to church with my purse on her shoulder, we exchange a quiet giggle. That special purse connects the two of us in a shared secret: what was my treasure to carry is now hers.
Jesus says to his disciples: Make purses for yourselves that do not wear out, an unfailing treasure in heaven, where no thief comes near and no moth destroys. For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. (Luke 12:33-34) The treasure Peggy bought that day was a real bargain.
Peggy enjoyed her treasure, the purse with many pockets. After all, she didn’t buy it to hold her valuables. All of Peggy’s valuables were living and breathing. And the “purse” she tucked them into was her arms.
When her arms got full, they emptied into her house, which then filled up with all the people she’d been holding.
So, while I was collecting purses, Peggy collected people.
It wasn’t only those who had trouble fitting in elsewhere that she took in. It was any stray cat or lonely person, and for sure, any neighbor who wanted to help her. She never said no to help, probably because she sensed the offer was more for the one who extended it than it was for her.
Peggy’s story reminds me of the purse Jesus spoke of to his disciples. Like us, Peggy did carry money in the purse that once was mine. But not her treasure. In truth, her treasure had nothing to do with the $5 purse that was once worth $40. And it had nothing to do with her money.
Jesus was right: “Where your treasure is, there your heart will be also.” Peggy’s life proved it. And no thief, not even death, could steal that.
The Rev. Jennifer M. Ginn is a retired ELCA pastor who enjoys writing, coaching and serving as an interim pastor. She lives in North Carolina with her husband and two furry children, one a Jack Russell terrier and the other a yellow cat with a temper.
This article appears in the July/August 2022 issue of Gather. To read more like it, subscribe to Gather.
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What is the Sakura Cherry Tree Project?
Sakura Cherry Tree Project in the UK marks 150 years of Japan-UK friendship and the continued cooperation between our two nations. It was launched in the joint communique issued by Prime Minister Shinzo Abe and the then Prime Minister Theresa May when the two met in Japan in Autumn 2017. Because cherry blossom (sakura) is the national flower of Japan, over six thousand cherry trees will be planted throughout the UK starting in 2020 and into 2021.
This project is a part of the Japan-UK Seasons of Culture which will take place in both countries during 2019 and 2020. It is represented in Japan by the Japan-British Society, whose main role is to raise funds for the project, and in the UK by a special committee convened by the Japan Matsuri Company (an organisation jointly managed by the Japanese Association, the Japanese Chamber Of Commerce and Industry in the UK, the Japan Society, and the Nippon Club), whose role is to manage the entire operation in the UK.
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Remember last year on the campaign trail how Barack Obama chided the American people for not knowing more foreign languages – acting almost embarassed about it? Here’s a short refresher:
“I don’t understand when people are going around worrying about, we need to have English only. They want to pass a law, we just, we want English only,” Obama told supporters in Powder Springs, Georgia on Tuesday. “Now, I agree that immigrants should learn English, I agree with this. But understand this, instead of worrying about whether immigrants can learn English, they’ll learn English, you need to make sure your child can speak Spanish.”
He continued his thoughts by expressing embarrassment at Americans’ language skills compared to the Europeans. “You should be thinking about how can your child become bilingual,” he said. “We should have every child speaking more than one language. It’s embarrassing when Europeans come over here, they all speak English, they speak French, they speak German. And then we go over to Europe and all we can say is merci beacoup, right?”
Well, if public school students learning foreign languages is ever becomes an educational priority in the administration to the point that it’s made into mandatory requirement in all public schools, I urge him to sit in one of those classes and take some lessons. Why? Read on:
At President Obama’s meeting with the heads of South American countries this morning, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez stood, walked over to him, and presented him with a copy of “Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent” by Uruguayan author Eduardo Galeano.
Obama politely posed for a photograph with Chavez, shook his hand, and accepted the gift.
The book, first published in Spanish in 1971, offers a critique of the consequences of 500 years of European and U.S. colonization of Latin America.
“The division of labor among nations is that some specialize in winning and others in losing,” the book begins. “Our part of the world, known today as Latin America, was precocious: it has specialized in losing ever since those remote times when Renaissance Europeans ventured across the ocean and buried their teeth in the throats of the Indian civilizations. Centuries passed, and Latin America perfected its role.”
Galeano writes that while the era of “lodes of gold” and “mountains of silver” has passed, “our region still works as a menial laborer. It continues to exist at the service of others’ needs, as a source of oil and iron, of copper and meat, of fruit and coffee, the raw materials and foods destined for rich countries which profit more from consuming them than Latin America does from producing them.”
At another point in the book, Galeano writes: “Our defeat was always implicit in the victory of others; our wealth has always generated our poverty by nourishing the prosperity of others.”
The book also criticizes the U.S. for “spreading and imposing family planning. … In Latin America it is more hygienic and effective to kill future guerillas in the womb that in the mountains or the streets.”
The copy of the book Chavez gave Obama appears to be in Spanish, a language Obama does not speak.
At the start of the first plenary session at the Summit of the Americas later this morning, President Obama was asked what he thought of Chavez’s gift.
“You know, I thought it was one of Chavez’s books,” Obama answered. “I was going to give him one of mine.”
Back in July, Obama said this about his lack of foreign language skills:
“I don’t speak a foreign language. It’s embarrassing!”
Indeed. Maybe if he did he wouldn’t have accepted a book blaming Europe, the US, and the west in general for the problems present in the Latin community. Then again, considering he warmly shook hands with and smiled at the Venezuelan dictator who once declared he’d like to see America “finished” soon and called our former President “the devil,” maybe he would have.
What devoted Obama supporter would have ever guessed that the biggest US “embarassments” on the foreign language front so far in the new year would come from the Obama administration itself?
Got some errand running to do, and it is a truly gorgeous day outside to do that.
Meanwhile, let’s take a look at the face of a thug who knows he’s just one-upped America, thanks to our “brilliant” President.
The reax to this disgraceful moment in US history are starting to pile up at Memeorandum.
Update – 10:52 AM: Make sure to read Fausta’s post on the warm greetings exchanged between Obama and Chavez the last couple of days. I didn’t think I could get any madder about this …
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The following activities are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to free family fun in the Twin Cities this weekend! And the word “iceberg” just seems so wrong to use when it finally feels like spring out! Speaking of spring, there are lots of options this weekend for observing Earth Day with kids – and Saturday will be the perfect day for it. As always, please check our Family Fun Calendar for more weekend inspiration!
SATURDAY, APRIL 18
Party for the Planet
@ Como Zoo & Conservatory
1225 Estabrook Drive, Saint Paul, MN 55103
Hours: 10am – 4pm both Saturday and Sunday, April 19
Ages: All ages
Details: Tons of free activities will take place throughout the weekend, focusing on creative ways to conserve energy. Get the entire lineup of events here.
Outdoor Family Expo
Maplewood Community Center
2100 White Bear Avenue, Maplewood, MN 55109
Hours: 10am – 1pm
Ages: All ages
Details: Come soak up spring by meeting with live animals, exploring outdoor equipment, and participating in activity stations.
Earth Day at Three Rivers (multiple events)
- Richardson Nature Center: Native Plant Sale & Service Opportunities • 10am-2pm, all ages, search for signs of spring and participate in a service project for the nature center.
- Carl Kroening Interpretive Center: Pollinators and River Cleanup • 10am – 12pm, all ages, learn all about bees and help the pollinators by picking up trash in their habitat along the river.
- Lowry Nature Center: Native Pollinators Need Native Plants • 12:30 – 2pm, all ages, more hands-on bee activities.
- Eastman Nature Center: Pollinators and their Roles • 1 – 4pm, all ages, drop in anytime to learn more about (guess what?) bees! I’m sensing quite the bee theme this Earth Day.
SUNDAY, APRIL 19
Target Free Third Sunday
@ Minnesota Children’s Museum
10 7th St W, St Paul, MN 55102
Hours: 9am – 5pm
Ages: All ages attend free!
Details: Explore the museum, including the new exhibit Sid the Science Kid thanks to the generosity of Target.
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Special Character Chart for German
Part 2: Typing German Characters on a PC or
Mac Using an English-Language Keyboard
|PART 2: CHARACTER CODES for GERMAN
Chart 1 > Chart 2
|For this German character, type...
Codes marked with an asterisk * may not display correctly in all browsers or with all fonts.
left angle quote
|0171||shift + \
right angle quote
|0187|| + \
|Some German publishers use the "left angle" quote as the close quote, and the "right angle" quote as the open quote, while others use them as shown above - «Wer weiß warum?»|
left lower quote
right quote 1
(used by focus,
Der Spiegel, etc.)
right quote 2
Engl. close quote)
html = €
Grad / degree sign
|More: Part One of this chart
Also see Optimize Your PC for German and
the related links below.
|Freeware Solution: Want to avoid the complicated PC numeric codes? Try this free DeKey application provided by a reader. More...|
HTML Hint: If you want to create a ü (u-umlaut) or the other German characters in HTML for your personal or other Web page, here's a tip. The HTML code for most German characters and symbols is usually the same as the PC keyboard Alt code (minus the zero). For example, to type an umlaut-u (ü) on the PC keyboard you press Alt+0252. To get the same character in HTML, you use this code: ü (you must end the code with a semicolon, as shown). In a Web browser this will produce ü. Some letters/symbols have both a letter code and a "word" code. The Ä, for example, can be typed in HTML as either Ä or as Ä. The pound sterling symbol (£) can be coded as £ or as £. You can easily convert the codes in the chart above to HTML by just dropping the zero.
Part One of This Chart
The first part of our Special Character Chart for German.
If you're still not sure which way to go on this issue, take a look at our Frequently Asked Questions for typing special characters on an English-language keyboard.
DeKey - Freeware
This little application makes your PC more like a Mac! Quickly type an ä (or other German characters) using Alt + a. It's a free download.
An article about some important differences in German versus English punctuation.
Can Your PC Speak German?
A detailed look at all the options for typing special German characters on an English-language keyboard.
Optimize Your PC for German
Helpful tips for Mac and Windows XP users - including German spell-checking in MS Word.
Computer Keyboards Abroad
Where the heck is the @ sign? German and other European computer keyboards, Internet cafés and computer terms in German.
Our annotated English-German glossary of computer terms.
Subscribe to a free newsletter!
OUR GERMAN FORUMS
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S.Res.541 - A resolution condemning the Government of Vietnam for human rights violations.112th Congress (2011-2012)
ResolutionHide Overview icon-hide
|Sponsor:||Sen. Cornyn, John [R-TX] (Introduced 08/02/2012)|
|Committees:||Senate - Foreign Relations|
|Latest Action:||08/02/2012 Referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations. (text of measure as introduced: CR S5989-5990) (All Actions)|
This bill has the status Introduced
Here are the steps for Status of Legislation:
Summary: S.Res.541 — 112th Congress (2011-2012)All Bill Information (Except Text)
Introduced in Senate (08/02/2012)
Reaffirms the commitment of the United States to democracy, human rights, civil liberties, and the rule of law.
Condemns the ongoing human rights violations committed by the government of Vietnam against the Vietnamese people.
Urges the President, the Secretary of State, and all other appropriate U.S. government officials to ensure that U.S.-Vietnam relations include robust discussion on Vietnam's troubling human rights record.
Encourages the Secretary to place Vietnam on the list of Countries of Particular Concern with regard to religious freedom.
Urges the President, the Secretary, and other world leaders to support the human rights of the people of Vietnam and to call on the President of Vietnam to: (1) release all political and religious prisoners; and (2) protect freedom of expression, assembly, association, or religion.
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Popular subjects, authors, and series
Book Lists for Kids
Use these lists to help you find books and other items from our online catalog for your kids.
How do I begin to find books for my kids in the library catalog? These lists can help. Each will take you to our online catalog, displaying items at the Decatur Public Library. You can request any to be held for you at the library, or for curbside pick-up.
If you want to request a bunch of books or other resources on a particular theme or subject, check out our Teacher/Parent Resource Request Form. Or if you just want us to pick a bundle of picture books on a popular theme, check out our Book Bundle Request Form.
If you're looking for suggestions for e-books and digital audiobooks you can access from home, check out these lists.
Book, DVD, and Music CD Lists for Kids
Colors, numbers, shapes, opposites, and similar concepts
Picture books to help kids with feelings, life transitions, behaviors, etc.
For those just starting to read, and popular early reader series
Books, DVDs, & CDs to assist adults in teaching kids to read or improve their reading skills
Sports, dragons, humor, and other popular themes & series
Recent arrivals for kids in books, DVDs, and CDs
State of Illinois and national award winners
Various versions of well-known folk and fairy tales
Various genres of music CDs for kids
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This seminar deals with the fundamentals of die and process design for die casting, in particular for the cold chamber process. Process design and gate calculations will be illustrated with examples.
The main topics of this seminar are:
Layout and fundamentals of runner design
Possibilities of process definition and validation of gate design
Consideration of heat balance, mold life and factors affecting process stability
Prediction and identification of casting defects
You will discuss the possibilities of casting process simulation and methods of virtual design of experiments to support the individual steps of planning and design for the robust series process.
Newcomers in the field of high pressure die casting, tooling designers and tool makers, die casters, process planners, technologists, product designers, quality managers and technical purchase managers.
Duration: 2.5 days
Date: Upon request
Dipl.-Ing. Tristan Kotthoff Malaika Heidenreich Laura Leineweber, M.Sc.
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Cup Levitation Trick
This cool levitation magic trick looks like you are levitating a paper cup. Check out the amazing video demonstration.
Effect: The magician announces that they are going to make an empty cup float. They release their grip on the cup and it appears to float in mid air.
Method: Take an empty large paper or styrofoam cup. Carefully make a hole in one side of the empty cup, big enough for your thumb to stick through. If the empty cup is made of styrofoam, you could even push your thumb straight through it.
The video above shows a similar method of doing the trick.
Hold the empty cup with both your hands and facing the others in your party, announce that you are going to try and make the cup float in mid air. Have one thumb pushed through the nearest side of the cup to you, out of view of your audience.
Then, appear to be concentrating your mind on the cup and gradually open up both hands at the same time. While doing this, push your hands slightly forward as if you are following the floating cup and eventually grab the cup with both hands. Now, discreetly slip your thumb out from the side of the cup.
This is a simple illusion but it looks great when done at the right angle. Practice in front of a mirror to make sure that you get the angles and the timing right.
|1)Magicians view with thumb through cup.||2) Spectators view, thumb not visible.|
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7 Ways Big Data is Beneficial for Marketing
The marketing industry is constantly searching for avenues to utilize the massive volumes of data produced every millisecond to improve organizations and increase their bottom line. Presently businesses can conduct analyses of most generated data and turn that into essential marketing strategies.
Most businesses today embrace the immense power of information and data analytics. Credible and valuable data plays a significant role in facilitating and enhancing organizations’ ability to reach their target audience more effectively. In modern marketing, data monetization is a key source of revenue.
Most of the intelligence businesses possess is intended to improve the marketing departments, and big data has been at the forefront of marketing campaigns. When organizations utilize big data correctly, it is only a matter of time before they experience significant improvements in their operations and bottom line. Here are some of the advantages of big data in marketing.
User experience is one of the necessary ingredients for anyone intending to turn their business into a success. With the advent of big data, it is much easier for firms to tailor their operations and improve their customers’ experiences. Big online-based businesses such as online casinos understand how important tailoring products is for creating a quality user experience. For instance, they offer new and existing members different promotions and bonuses, such as the Springbok casino bonus.
Corporations can improve their user experiences to the point where every customer receives services or products that fully meet their needs and preferences. For example, if you have a profile on a social media app that stores and analyzes massive amounts of user-generated data, you can easily discern your target demographic’s online behavior patterns. It is also possible to learn more about each user’s affinity.
When analyzed, big data will equip your business with data on the latest customer behavior trends. Access to the latter allows you to develop an all-rounded strategy and release more effective marketing campaigns. Marketing strategies primarily driven by big data are necessary for a much-needed competitive edge over your competition.
Increased performance comes from the fact that big data marketing allows marketing teams at small businesses and large corporations to target their consumers as segmented sub-groups and large groups with certain unique features. With this level of reach, your team can modify prior strategies into more effective campaigns. It allows them to adapt to individual needs within their target audience more seamlessly.
3. Allows businesses to measure ROI
It may be a surprise to learn that most marketers lack knowledge or experience in measuring ROI. However, thanks to big data, this no longer has to be a nagging problem for marketers. Big data takes into account all online customer activities, marketing channels, and investments; and then carry out a cost-benefit analysis for each element.
The analysis process makes it nearly impossible for the ventures to be underprepared for your marketing campaign. It also helps to eliminate underfunding or overfunding of the corresponding budget.
4. The pricing
Pricing is taught as one of the pillars of marketing in marketing courses. This element of marketing has always been subjected to rigorous analysis and monitoring. However, with the entrance of big data into the scene, you can easily adjust the prices of your services and products in real-time. Firms can also differentiate their prices depending on several factors, including price sensitivity.
5. Making advertising campaigns more lucrative
Apart from generally improving your marketing strategy, big data has the power to improve individual aspects of your marketing strategy. Advertising is one of the departments bound to generate high profits for a business today.
Today, ads are carefully personalized before being forwarded to a specific target audience. Ultimately, this renders them more attractive, thus drastically boosting the engagement and chance of connecting with the target audience. That is one of the leading factors behind the steady growth in advertising, especially online advertising.
6. Customer loyalty
A loyal customer base is the heart of every successful business. Your loyal customers are the repeat clients who also act as your brand ambassadors. Customers who are devoted to a company will express loyalty by recommending the business to their family and friends since they already love the products or enjoy the services.
By taking advantage of big data, you can detect common buying patterns, adapt your services to this, and expand your overall customer base in the long run.
7. Forecasting in your business
When big data is analyzed, your marketing team will be more able to tell which marketing strategies are currently working well and which aren’t. From this data, you can also successfully predict future trends in marketing. This information allows you to create forecasts for your business, ultimately giving you the upper hand over your competitors.
The bottom line
Marketing has evolved, and most of the major milestones have been facilitated by innovation and technology. In this environment where the competition is steep, and everyone is constantly trying to improve their sales margins, incorporating big data into your strategy will benefit your business in more than the above seven highlights. Remember to work with your IT team on this since they are trained to turn data into useful information.
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War and the Central Banks: Many Different Standards
On March 10, the ECB opened its press release relating to monetary policy decisions with the Russian aggression against Ukraine, defining it as a "watershed moment for Europe." From that point on it was clear that the evolution of the war would be crucial to orient the navigation of monetary policy, that must find a balance between avoiding the risk of inflation, on the one hand, the reducing the risk of recession, on the other.
In this sense, in April 2022 the ECB announced a strategy based on two successive steps: first a gradual reduction of the emission of liquidity on the markets, and only afterwards a reconsideration of rates. The message was clear: given the uncertainty, both the course and the speed will be the same; staying ready to change one or the other, if new information changes the macroeconomic scenario. The April announcement confirmed the course that, initially chosen in December 2021, was gradually updated and calibrated based on the contingent situation. Thus the sequence already foreseen for monetary actions remained unchanged: first there will be a gradual reduction of the creation of liquidity, until June, and then it will be possible to consider a rate increase.
This announcement echoed the philosophy of gradualism in monetary policy, summarized by a sentence pronounced by Mario Draghi in March 2019, when he was president of the ECB: his advice then was that in a dark room you move with tiny steps. Facing worries from those who would have preferred an acceleration of a more restrictive monetary policy, the ECB pointed out that it was true that prices had increased more than anticipated, but that the phenomenon did not have the structural characteristics that would make it worrying. What was this about? The fact that there were still not significant signs that the increase of costs, that had taken place due to the rise in raw materials prices, was being incorporated into wages and salaries, through the mechanism of expectations. If this were to happen, it would be the canary in the coal mine, that would recommend reviewing monetary policy. Moreover, the ECB continued, when the shock that hits prices originates from costs for businesses, we need to be double prudent, to avoid a situation in which a premature, or excessive, monetary restriction triggers a recession.
The Fed's reaction was different. On March 16, the American central bank did acknowledge the war and its effect in terms of greater uncertainty, but above all it concentrated on the need to bring the inflation rate towards the target of 2 percent. To that end, a first rate increase was decided on, while promising further increases – which then took place – also to combat the growth of inflation. For the Fed Ukraine is far away, because the economic effects of the war for the United States are negligible.
The reaction of the People's Bank of China was different still. At the end of the month of March – the exact date was not provided, which is somewhat curious – the board of the Chinese central bank met, and issued a release that made no mention of Ukraine. In the analysis of the global economic situation there is a generic reference to the "growth of geopolitical conflicts." There is no trace of the risk of inflation, that worries the ECB and torments the Fed. Here, if there is an obsession, it is something else: monetary policy must finance economic growth, so as to reach the goals set by President Xi Jinping during the 19th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. But if the obsession is growth, then a conflict that can undermine the global economic recovery, on which the Chinese economy is very dependent, should worry the People's Bank. No worries, at least in writing; even in the following weeks.
And what about the Russian central bank? After the military aggression against Ukraine, the first move on the chessboard of economic relations between Putin and the West was made by the latter, activating financial sanctions. Continuing the metaphor of chess, the king was placed in check. It was sufficient for the international SWIFT Consortium – with its headquarters in Belgium, and thus in accordance with the indications received from the ECB – to begin to prevent the largest Russian banks from using the security codes necessary for international transactions to provoke a crescendo of difficulties for Russian businesses and institutions, with the related economic harm.
The first victim of placing the king in check was the ruble. Those who are familiar with economics and history know that the need to defend the stability of the ruble's value is a cornerstone of Russian economic policy. There are two reasons. From the standpoint of the real economy, the pillar of resources is represented by the proceeds obtained from the sale of raw materials, that need to be stabilized; from the standpoint of the financial economy, all Russians – from oligarchs to common citizens – have an endemic tendency toward dollarization of their assets. Why? They don't trust the ability of the Russian state to protect the value of the ruble, given the tradition of painful devaluations and inflation. Thus the stability of the ruble is essential. It is no coincidence that in recent years the governor Nabiullina – the queen, in our metaphor – has earned the reputation in the field of being a "hawk" in the management of monetary policy, having always maintained a straight course precisely in defense of the value of the ruble. But placing the king in check provoked a fall in the value of the ruble on the financial markets.
The queen then immediately raised interest rates, with the aim of signaling to the markets that Russia would defend the value of its currency; capital controls were also introduced. In short, a sort of "whatever it takes." But for a "whatever it takes" to work, there is a necessary, although not sufficient, condition: the person who announces it must be credible. In 2012 the original "whatever it takes" included three elements: a respected and independent governor, and a strong currency, that in turn was an expression of a federation of advanced, democratic countries. Nabiullina's "whatever" had only a respected queen, who moreover was implementing a maneuver that had already failed, in Russia itself, at the start of the crisis in 1998. She was a queen who was doing what the king wanted. In fact, the move was useless. The effect was that the king being placed in check produced a second victim: trust among citizens began to drop, with the corollary of lines at ATMs. Because the citizens also remember how the game ended in 1998: financial crisis, inflation, and economic recession. The queen disappeared from the chessboard. And the king moved, announcing that the West would have to pay its imports from Russia in rubles. He moved his horse. The move made no sense according to economic analysis. But here it is political analysis that counts, that is, the need to obtain support. Finally, the king announced a fixed exchange rate between the ruble and gold, setting a price of 5,000 rubles for a gram of gold, valid until at least June 30 of this year.
The three measures can be included under the name of "currency sovereignism," being policies that aim to increase the demand for national currency. Currency sovereignism must consider the incentives that businesses and families have to use, or not use, a certain currency for transactions. The incentives are in turn of two types: the currency must be safe, in the sense of guaranteeing for those who use it that it will be accepted in transactions; and at the same time a currency must be stable, that is, over time its purchasing power in terms of real goods and services must not fall. In a single expression, we can say that the demand for a currency depends on how much it is a safe asset. As a consequence, public policies such as capital controls, or setting an equivalent value by law, ultimately will be caught by reality: they can be effective only in the short, or sometimes very short term.
A currency is safe and stable not because those conditions are imposed by an extemporaneous law, but because it is the ultimate result of decisions that both businesses and families make, for the long term. Only in a horizon of at least decades do geopolitical aspects also become crucial, that can impact a currency's characteristic of being a safe asset. A currency is sovereign to the extent that families and businesses of the country in which it is legal tender use it for their real and financial transactions. If foreign operators also do so, its sovereignty increases; it becomes a dominant currency. Being a safe asset is a necessary, but not sufficient, property; few currencies can aspire to the status of dominant currency, that in any event is never an irreversible condition.
In history, dominant currencies have come one after the other, with successes and collapses, that reflected the institutions that guaranteed their credibility as a safe asset. Over time, the currencies of Genoa, Florence, Venice, Amsterdam, then Portugal and Spain, and then the United Kingdom and the United States, have played that role. Our century sees the dollar as the dominant currency, with the euro representing a more recent success story. For the other approximately 180 currencies that exist today, their destiny is to be minor currencies. Only China, with its renminbi, seems able to aspire to a greater role in the future. But becoming a safe asset, and then a dominant currency, is a long and uncertain march; regardless of what currency sovereignists think, including those in Italy who are nostalgic for the old Lira, or perhaps for "Quota 90" (Mussolini's attempt at increasing the value of the Lira in the 1920s).
To learn more:
- Fatas, A. and Sing, S.R., 2022, Supply or Demand? Policy Makers’ Confusion in the Presence of Hysteresis, mimeograph.
- Ilzetki E., Reinhart C.M. and Rogoff, K.S., Rethinking Exchange Rate Regimes, NBER Working Paper Series,n.29345.
- Taylor, J.B., 2021, The Optimal Re-entry to a Monetary Policy Strategy, mimeograph.
Donato Masciandaro is a Professor of Political Economy at the Bocconi University, where he holds the Intesa Sanpaolo Chair in Economics of Financial Regulation. Since 1989 he has written for the newspaper il Sole 24 Ore. Since 2005, he has contributed to Economia & Management drawing on and developing his comments and analysis published in that economic-financial daily.
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No, it’s not a menu item, digital or restaurant! A VPAT stands for Voluntary Product Accessibility Template. This is a form based on Section 508 accessibility compliance (or lack thereof) for a software or hardware product. Originally the form and the legislation was designed for federal contractors. Over the past 20 years or more Section 508 has been informally recognized as a standard for accessibility all should follow.
The VPAT is a registered trademark of the Information Technology Industry Council) ITI. Most importantly, the form is available free for your use. Download it.
San Diego State University publically shares its approach to EIT procurement. There are a series of links to vendor VPATs at the bottom of this page.
The short, non-technical version is this. The VPAT is a way for procurement officials to compare your software offering with other, similar offerings as it pertains to accessibility. More and more savvy CIOs and their teams are requesting VPATs every time they purchase Electronic Information Technology (EIT). Even more significant is that those IT professionals are doing their own tests against the products and VPATs to independently confirm the (delicately said) accuracy of the VPAT.
So. Three guiding principles.
1 – If you create software hire someone who knows how to test it and certify it via VPAT. This doesn’t mean you’ll pass every section. This does mean that the VPAT will be credible.
2 – If you purchase EIT always, always ask for a VPAT. Always take some time to test against it. Trust but verify!
We provide these services – both creating VPATs and testing against them. Contact us for more details.
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The nebular theory describes the formation of the sun, planets, moons and asteroids around 4.5 billion years ago from a nebula cloud comprising dust and gas, according to Universe Today. Gravity condensed the gas into dense regions, which grew into clumps of matter. The nebula cloud spread to form a rotating disk that became the plane of the solar system, which is still in evidence because all planets orbit around the sun in the same direction and plane.
Formation of the sun
The least amount of centripetal force was at the center of the rotating disk, so most of the mass from the nebula cloud became attracted to this area due to the force of gravity. Most of the material was hydrogen gas that came under intense pressure, which heated it to a critical point, leading to it fusing with another hydrogen atom, creating helium and giving birth to the sun.
Formation of planets and the moon
The clumps of matter grew in size to form planetismals, or early planets, slamming into one another as they orbited the early sun. According to nebular theory, an early form of planet Earth collided with an object, causing debris to fly into space, which then reformed within the Earth's gravitational field to form the moon.Learn more about Stellar Astronomy
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An inside look at Airwolf 3D’s newest large 3D printer, the AXIOM 3D
Hi, my name is Erick Wolf and I’m the founder of Airwolf 3D and the lead designer of the AXIOM 3D Printer. The idea today is to show you quickly how to get started using this large 3D printer. The AXIOM’s frame and construction were specially designed to retain heat within the printer. Retaining heat inside a 3D printer is absolutely critical when printing with materials like ABS and Polycarbonate.
When cool air makes contact with these materials, the parts can warp and crack. We designed the AXIOM so you can print for at least a week straight using these materials (especially ABS) and get stunning parts. One of the beautiful things is that we’ve done this all in a desktop form factor. This is the only large 3D printer in the world that’s enclosed, can fit on your desktop, and can make parts even approaching the size that you can make with the AXIOM 3D Printer.
How did we create this large 3D printer in such a compact package?
We spent thousands of hours coming up with the ideas to roll everything into a very compact package. The size of the AXIOM 3D Printer build platform is 12.5″ x 8″ x 10″ — that is a massive 3D print! We’ve done really large objects like an engine in ABS. We’ve also done sculptures that are 10 inches high without any cracks on them. The only way you ever could do that is with an enclosed chamber; that was the most important design consideration for the AXIOM 3D Printer.
If you look at any other large 3D printer with a comparable print volume, they’re massive, they weigh hundreds of pounds, and they cost tens of thousands of dollars. We achieved our design by taking everything that we learned from making 3D printers over the last three-and-a-half years and combining it with input from customers as well as all sorts of creative ideas. We made a highly compact drive system, a CoreXY system, that is lightweight and very low profile. The motors, belts, rods and bearings are all tucked into an area approximately 2.5 inches in height.
In addition, we use a compact Z mechanism with a bed and a single precision lead screw. We also have the noble way of sealing the top of the machine while keeping the hot-end very close to that portion. If you’ve seen other desktop 3D printers that attempt to enclose their design, there’s always a big tube popping up at the top that gets loose and becomes unmanageable.
Another key feature of this large 3D printer’s design is its easily removable acrylic top. Simply pop the piece of acrylic right off and you can have access to anything you want. The entire print mechanism is contained within four inches.
One of the unique aspects of the AXIOM 3D Printer is that we’re using a Bowden drive system. We managed to design it in a compact radius that, in the shortest possible amount of space, allows the filament to move from a vertical position to a horizontal position as it travels across the top of the printer before transitioning back down to a vertical position. The tube goes in and out of the back of the machine, extends into the circuit board and back into the feed mechanisms. As you’re running the AXIOM 3D Printer, you never realize all that’s going on inside of this machine. The design makes it so easy to use and so compact. In fact, one of the benefits of the AXIOM’s design is that you can stack the printers on top of each other. You only have to make sure that they’re secured to the wall, but physically the machines will handle it.
A 3D printer designed for strength and performance
To enclose this volume, you can’t just print out parts and expect them to last with all that heat in the chamber. We have a combination of injection molded polycarbonate and aluminum extrusions, along with interior pieces made out of both ABS and printed polycarbonate. The result is a rugged, fully integrated system that keeps tolerances and also heat in at the same time. The AXIOM 3D Printer is incredibly strong, with a lot of aluminum and polycarbonate bolted and fastened together. We have an aluminum-intensive heated bed section and aluminum back plate. In addition, the roads are steel and precision ground. All of these elements culminate in a very strong machine that you cannot break and that will give you tight tolerances — a machine that can be treated like a tool needs to be treated.
The whole idea here is that we want to provide you with a tool to use for 3D printing. 3D printing is an activity, but it’s not a game. This isn’t a toy to use to make trinkets (although you could if you wanted to). This is a professional machine that is easy to use: Simply press the “on” button and it will make your part.
Meet the new EVO, readers of this content have also enjoyed reading 6 Things You Should Know About 3D Printing Large ABS Parts
This white paper reviews the technical requirements for large format additive manufacturing of parts in acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) material with fused deposition modeling equipment. Read the white paper to learn:
- Heat requirement
- Power requirements
- The math behind nozzle size
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how does gas exchange occur in the lungs and in body tissues?
in the lungs, oxygen diffuses from the air in alveoli into the blood of surrounding capillaries. most of the oxygen enters red blood cells and combines with the heme portions of hemoglobin to form oxyhemoglobin. about 97% of the oxygen is tansposted as oxyhemoglobin. only 3% is dissolved in the plasma.
in body tissuees, oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen, and it diffuses from capillary blood into the tissue cells. actually, only about 25% of the oxygen is released, so oxyhenoglobin is present even in deoxygenated blood.
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Business process management definition
Business process management (BPM) is the practice of discovering and controlling an organization’s processes to align them with business goals as the business evolves. BPM software helps organizations define the steps required to carry out a business task, map definitions to existing processes, and then streamline or improve the processes to make them more efficient.
Read More from This Article: What is business process management? The key to enterprise agility
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- Pork bones, trimmed of any fat and washed
- 200 g (small bowl)grilled fish, deboned
- 4-5 shallots, peeled
- 2 tb jelly Mushrooms, cleaned, boiled and sliced
- 2 hen's eggs made into a thin omelette, folded and cut into strips of 2 cm, then sliced thinly lengthwise and put them on a plate
- spring Onion, the green parts, chopped
- coriander leaves, chopped
- 3 kaffir lime leaves, finely chopped with a knife
- ground black pepper
- fish sauce
- 6 straight-bulbed spring onions
- 2 bunches coriander (I bunch consists of 2 or 3 sprigs)
- 1 bowl Chinese vermicelli, soaked in water and cut up small
- Put 3 metal jugfuls (3 pints) of water in a soup pot. Place the pot on the fire. Add salt, the 6 spring onions, and the bunches of coriander leaves with their roots. When the water boils, add the Pork bones and put the lid on the pot. Leave it until the bones are cooked sufficiently for the meat to fall off them. Take the pot off the fire and spoon out the meat. If there is still any fat left, cut it all off.
- Strain the broth and return it to the pot. Add the meat and return the pot to the fire. Add the shallots, the jelly Mushrooms and the fish sauce. When the shallots are cooked, add the Chinese vermicelli. When all is done, taste and check the saltiness.
- Take the pot off the fire. Add the prepared strips of omelette and the dried fish. Serve in a bowl and garnish with the chopped spring Onion leaves, the chopped coriander leaves, the finely chopped kaffir lime leaves and the ground black pepper. Accompany the dish with Jaew Kapi and fried vegetables.
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New Study Reveals a Major Side Effect of Walking More
Those who prefer to walk for exercise may already know that brisk walking is closely linked with a longer life. (As one of the world's top physiologists has noted, brisk walking—loosely defined as walking fast enough that you can still talk but you can't sing—can extend your life by up to 20 years.) But according to a new study just published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, brisk walking for a certain number of minutes every week may in fact offset the deleterious effects of poor sleep, which is linked to myriad health issues—including early death. Read on for more, and to learn how long you should aspire to walk every week to ensure that you live a longer, more fruitful life. And if you love nothing more than to walk, make sure you're aware of The Secret Cult Walking Shoe That Walkers Everywhere Are Totally Obsessed With.
The Link Between Sleep, Exercise, and Your Lifespan
Scientists have long established that poor sleep is associated with a shorter life, and so is a lack of physical activity. But according to the new study, the "joint effects" of living with both poor sleep and poor inactivity "remain unknown." Ultimately, the researchers set out to see how exercise and sleep, when both taken into account, will impact your risk of death.
Drawing on the big UK Biobank study, the researchers—comprised of teams from the University of Sydney, in Australia, and University College London, in the UK—analyzed health data from more than 380,000 people with an average of 56 over the course of 11 years. The researchers noted the amount of exercise that the people performed, and whether it was "high," "medium," or "low," and their sleep quality, which was defined as "healthy," "intermediate," and "poor." In that time frame analyzed, more than 15,000 of the people had died, most of them from cancer, while others died from heart disease and stroke. And for some great walking tips, see these Secret Tricks for Walking for Exercise, According to Walking Experts.
Can't Sleep? Here's Why You Should Walk
At the end of their analysis, the researchers concluded that brisk walking for 2.5 hours per week—or running for 1 hour and 15 minutes per week—appeared to "eliminate most of the deleterious associations" of poor sleep on your risk of an early death. In other words: Taking brisk walks appears to negate some of the health risks of getting a poor sleep, including the risk of early death.
What's more, according to their calculations, if you get terrible sleep and you don't exercise, you're nearly 60% more likely to die early compared to someone who exercises and sleeps well. You're also nearly 70% more likely to get heart disease and will have a 45% higher risk of cancer.
In Support of the World Health Organization Guidelines
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physical activity say that all adults over the age of 18 should aspire to do 150 to 300 minutes of moderate intensity exercise every week (such as brisk walking), or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorous intensity exercise every week (such as running). As it pertains to early death from poor sleep or a lack of exercise, the findings of the new research bolster those guidelines.
Some Amazing Tips for Walking
The study is a helpful reminder that all of the major pillars of a healthier, longer life are related, and one can easily create a virtuous cycle by taking a holistic approach to your fitness and health. Sleep, exercise, and diet are all central components of a healthier, more active, and longer life. If you exercise more, chances are you'll sleep better and eat better. If you sleep better, you'll likely make better decisions, which includes choosing to exercise and eat better. It's also the case that your poor sleep leads to less exercise and a poor diet, and vice versa. However, if you're someone who continually gets terrible sleep, this study indicates that it's increasingly important that you don't miss out on your exercise. And if you're interested in walking more, consider trying your hand at These Amazing Walking Workouts That Will Help You Get Lean, Says Trainer.
More content from Mind + Body
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- – The Worst Foods for Weight Lifting, Says Expert
- – Henry Cavill From 'The Witcher' Lives by These Fitness and Diet Habits
- – Secret Tricks for Getting a Fitter Body After 50, Says Fitness Expert
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Jaya Jaya Shankara Hara Hara Shankara – Enjoy the splendid Valayal alankram for Sri Kamakshi Periyava @ Orikkai.
Note – For devotees who are new to Periyava Sathsangam, Orikkai (Oor Iravu Irukkai) is a small village near Kanchipuram where there is a mani mandapam built for Sri Maha Periyava. The specialty of this Mani Mandapam is that it is built based on ancient sculptures. The Manimantapam, with its towering vimana, hall of 100 majestic pillars and aesthetically carved images, paduka mantapam, rudraksha mantapam and the sanctum sanctorum is a stunning edifice that reminds one of the ancient temples built by great kings of the South. More importantly, Maha Periyava came in Sri Pradosham Mama’s dream and asked him to build a temple in Orikkai for him. He said he likes this place a lot and wants to reside here for ever. This project was approved by Sri Periyava himself when he was in his sthoola sareeram (physical form).
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Current Situation and Critical Issues
Pakistan’s banking sector reforms which were initiated in the early 1990s have transformed the sector into an efficient, sound and strong banking system. The most recent comprehensive assessment carried out jointly by the World Bank and the IMF in 2004 came to the following conclusion:
“ for reaching reforms have resulted in a more efficient and competitive financial system In particular, the predominantly state-owned banking system has been transformed into one that is predominantly under the control of the private sector. The legislative framework and the State Bank of Pakistan’s supervisory capacity have been improved substantially. As a result, the financial sector is sounder and exhibits an increased resilience to shocks.”
The major changes that have occurred in the banking sector during the last decade or so can be summarized as follows:
a) 80 percent of the banking assets are held by the private sector banks and the privatization of nationalized commercial banks has brought about a culture of professionalism and service orientation in place of bureaucracy and apathy.
b) The banks that were losing money due to inefficiencies, waste and limited product range have become highly profitable business. These profits are, however, being used to strengthen the capital base of the banks rather than paying out to the shareholders. The minimum capital requirements have been raised from Rs. 500 million to Rs. 6 billion over an extended period in a phased manner. The consolidation of the banking sector into fewer but stronger banks will lead to better management of risk.
c) The banks that were burdened with the non-performing and defaulted loans have cleared up their balance sheets in an open transparent, across-the-board manner. Contrary to the popular myth the main beneficiaries of the wirite-offs of the old outstanding and unrecoverable loans have been from almost 25 percent to 6.7 percent by Dec. 2005. Small individual borrowers the ratio of non-performing loans of the Commercial Banks to total advances has declined.
d) The quality of new assets has improved as stringent measures are taken to appraise new loans, and assure the underlying securities. Online Credit Information Bureau reports provide updated information to the banks about the credit history and track record of the borrowers. Loan approvals on political considerations have become passé. Non-performing loans account for less than 3 percent of all new loans disbursed since 1997.
e) The human resources base of the banks has been substantially upgraded by the adoption of the principles of merit and performance throughout the industry. Recruitment is done through a highly competitive process and promotions and compensation are linked to training, skills and high performance. The banks now routinely employ MBAs, M.Coms, Chartered Accountants, IT graduates, economists and other highly educated persons rather than Clerical and Non Clerical Workers. The banking industry has become the preferred choice of profession among the young graduates.
f) Banking Technology that was almost non-existent in Pakistan until a few years ago is revolutionizing the customer services and access on-line banking, Internet banking, ATMs, mobile phone banking and other modes of delivery have made it possible to provide convenience to the customers while reducing the transaction costs to the banks. Credit Cards, Debit Cards, Smart Cards etc. are a thriving and expanding business in Pakistan. Once the RTGS is put in place the payment system in Pakistan. Would enter a new phase of modernization.
g) Competition among the banks has forced them to move away from the traditional limited product range of credit to the government and the public sector enterprises, trade financing, big name corporate loans, and credit to multinationals to an...
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Room For Doubt descripción
The Room For Doubt App offers a convenient place to ask sincere questions and express genuine doubts about the Christian faith. It’s designed as a quick and valuable resource where you can browse or search topics, read articles, watch videos, and easily share with others. It’s for those who want help and for those who want to help someone else.
Contributors include well-known authors and specialists in answering tough questions: Mark Mittelberg, Garry Poole, Lee Strobel, Dr. Richard Knopp, and others.
A six-week curriculum (“Basic Questions”) is also available to churches, small groups, Christian schools, camps, and campus ministries. It offers message manuscripts, adult and youth discussion guides, videos, and much more. Once purchased, a license key is used to unlock E-Guides to Leader Content and Participant Resources within the App and online. Learn more at RoomForDoubt.com.
Room For Doubt wants to encourage questions, address doubts, and strengthen faith.
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Editor's note: Dan Senor is an author, adjunct senior fellow for Middle East studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, and an investor in Israeli companies. Saul Singer is an author and a columnist for the Jerusalem Post. They are co-authors of the new book, "Start-Up Nation: The Story of Israel's Economic Miracle" (Twelve Books).
New York (CNN) -- Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu returns to Washington, D.C., Monday to address a conference of the American Jewish Federations at a time of concern in Israel that the U.S.-Israel relationship is adrift.
Although Netanyahu has used each of his recent U.S. visits to make the case for confronting Iran and its nuclear ambitions, he might consider broadening the subject.
Israel's leader should speak to Americans not just about what threatens Israel, or what Israel's critics say, but also on what is unique about his nation's economy at a time of great economic uncertainty for Americans, when the unemployment rate here has just crossed the 10 percent threshold.
Israel has stood out among advanced economies as a place where the crisis hit softer, and may have passed quicker, than almost anywhere else. Israel's economic growth has not been based on easy credit or a real estate boom, but on the technology-driven productivity gains that economists believe is the key to sustained economic growth.
So what are the lessons for the U.S. economy?
The answer is not a mystery. In 1987, MIT economist Robert Solow received the Nobel Prize for his work demonstrating that productivity increases are the basis for durable growth, and the main source of increased productivity is innovation, and especially technological innovation.
This straightforward idea remains central to the economic consensus today. The question has become, as a BusinessWeek cover recently put it, "Can America invent its way back?"
If innovation is the key, where does it come from? The best place to look for a model is the country that has produced the most concentrated combination of innovation and entrepreneurship in the world: Israel.
As an investor in Israeli start-ups (Senor), and as a journalist who has covered the Israeli economy (Singer), we have seen first-hand the dynamic combination at work.
With fewer people than the state of New Jersey, Israel has more companies on the tech-oriented NASDAQ than any country outside the United States -- more than all of Europe, Japan, Korea, India, and China combined. Israel also attracts more of the global pool of venture capital investments per capita than any other country -- 2.5 times America's, 30 times Europe's, 80 times China's, and 300 times India's.
The reason for this is not that Israel has particularly smart people. Students from Singapore outperform most of their peers in math and science, according to international rankings. But Singapore -- and other countries with impressive economies like Korea, Japan and Finland -- don't produce an ecosystem of tech start-ups.
What makes a start-up culture? The Israeli military, surprisingly, is a big part of this, not so much because of its own research and development, but rather as a result of the training that most Israelis must go through.
The military matures young people faster than the American undergraduate college experience, teaches them about teamwork, serving something beyond themselves, and how to improvise and complete missions with inadequate resources and imperfect information.
In the military, Israelis get used to dealing with adversity, as individuals and as a country. Yet unlike other militaries, including that of the United States, they learn that rank and titles are not really what matters, and that junior officers must challenge their superiors if they think they are wrong.
The tendency to tinker, question and improvise that often begins in the military leads to a particular Israeli specialty: technological "mashups."
Israel leads the world in medical device patents, partly because when Israelis discover a technology, they can't help considering applications to solve unrelated problems.
Just look at a company called Given Imaging, whose founder realized that the miniaturized sensing systems in the nose cone of a fighter jet could serve a medical purpose.
He adapted the sensor to produce a swallowable camera, the size of a pill, to beam out a movie from inside a patient's intestines. This is making some highly invasive and painful diagnostic surgeries all but obsolete. As with so many Israeli start-ups, PillCam is now a major company and has spawned a new industry.
Another major ingredient of Israel's start-up culture is openness to new immigrants, who are natural risk takers. Israel is home to some 70 different nationalities, including Jewish refugees from Ethiopia, Iran, Ukraine and Poland, and the Israeli government has implemented unique policies to assimilate them. Two out of every three Israelis are newcomers or the children of immigrants.
The result of all this has been an economy that for the past five years has substantially outstripped the average GDP growth rate of developed countries.
This pattern was not broken by the recent global downturn. In February 2008, a mystified International Monetary Fund asked in its own report, "Why was Israel's financial sector not more affected by the global financial crisis?" Its answer: conservative banking practices, high transparency and detailed reporting to regulators.
As a result, the IMF found that Israel had become "something of a safe haven" for locals repatriating capital from more hostile global environments.
For the global economy to recover and thrive, it is not enough for individual companies to cultivate innovation.
What is needed is for countries to build a comprehensive culture of innovation that welcomes risk-takers from all over the world; encourages young people to improvise, to be mission oriented, question established business models; and institute sensible regulations and monetary policies that do not create perverse "easy money" proxies for growth.
While Israel has much to learn from the world, other countries need to look at how Israel has produced the world's most innovative start-up economy. That's what Netanyahu should talk about in his address today.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of the authors.
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Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) beta polypeptide 1
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein) gamma 2
Guanine nucleotide binding protein beta 1 subunit
Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(i) subunit alpha 1
Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(I)/G(O) gamma 2 subunit
Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma 2
Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) beta subunit 1
Guanine nucleotide binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta 1
Guanine nucleotide binding protein gamma 2
Platelet activating factor receptor
Transducin beta chain 1
RelevancePlatelet-activating factor (PAF) is a pro-inflammatory lipid mediator possessing a unique 1-O-alkyl-2-acetylsnglycero-3-phosphocholine backbone.
The PAF receptor (PAFR), which belongs to the superfamily of seven transmembrane (7TM), G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), transduces pleiotropic functions including cell motility, smooth muscle contraction, and synthesisand release of mediators and cytokines via multiple
heterotrimeric G-proteins. Pharmacological studies have suggested that PAF functions in a variety of settings including allergy, inflammation, neural functions, reproduction, and atherosclerosis.
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta-adrenergic stimuli. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction
Cellular localizationPAFR: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein
GNG2 Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side
References for Recombinant Human PAFR +Gia1ß1?2 fusion co-expressed protein (ab90726)
has not yet been referenced specifically in any publications.
Publishing research using ab90726? Please let us know so that we can cite the reference in this datasheet.
Concentration of lot no. is
Concentration not available for this lot.
Find concentration of your lot:
Please note: All products are "FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY AND ARE NOT INTENDED FOR DIAGNOSTIC OR THERAPEUTIC USE"
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| 0.817215
| 584
| 1.5625
| 2
|
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Timeless stories from our 172-year archive handpicked to speak to the news of the day.
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Two worldviews, one writer
Stephen Jay Gould's opus posthumous
Tallying the losses of Earth's animals and plants
The taxonomic case against Darwin
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https://harpers.org/tag/evolution-biology/
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| 0.874522
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WASHINGTON -- Repealing Obamacare without a replacement would result in higher costs for consumers and fewer people with insurance coverage, according to a report Tuesday from the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office.
In the first year, insurance premiums would jump by 20 percent to 25 percent for individual policies purchased directly or ...Read more
MINNEAPOLIS -- With speculation swirling about how Republicans might replace the federal health law, the chief executive of UnitedHealth Group offered no specifics Tuesday but said he sees the potential for health care changes focused on state-based markets, flexible Medicaid programs and well-structured high-risk pools.
Even so, the nation's ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- "We're going to have insurance for everybody," President-elect Donald Trump told The Washington Post in an interview over the weekend, setting down a marker by which the health care plan he has promised can be judged.
In the interview, published Monday, Trump would not say how he would accomplish that goal and also meet his other ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- Perhaps nowhere in America would so many people be as personally affected by the Republican-led repeal of Obamacare than Miami.
Three congressional districts -- all represented by Republicans -- have among the highest number of Affordable Care Act enrollees in the country, posing a bit of a wrinkle as those House members followed ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- The Republican-led Congress passed a plan Friday to start the process of repealing the Affordable Care Act, but the road ahead remains unclear.
House Republicans approved the budget blueprint, 227-198, following a similar party-line vote earlier this week in the Senate, which sets a month-end timetable to draft a repeal bill. But ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- An outside group affiliated with House GOP leadership is ramping up its advertising campaign for a Republican alternative to the 2010 health care law, running $400,000 in digital ads across 28 congressional districts.
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CARLOTTE, N.C. -- Earlier this year, Dr. Jason Dranove had a mastectomy to prevent breast cancer.
Yes, you read that right.
It's rare, but males can develop breast cancer and have surgery to remove breast tissue.
Dranove, a pediatric gastroenterologist at Levine Children's Hospital, chose to have the operation after a medical discovery ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- States that fought and shunned the Affordable Care Act's Medicaid expansion, hoping to avoid the cost of covering millions of working-poor families, will be left with substantial growth in the program even after the Republican-led Congress unwinds the law.
From Florida and Texas to Georgia and North Carolina, enrollment in ...Read more
The Affordable Care Act of course affected premiums and insurance purchasing. It guaranteed people with pre-existing conditions could buy health coverage and allowed children to stay on parents' plans until age 26. But the roughly 2,000-page bill also included a host of other provisions that affect the health-related choices of nearly every ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- The Senate early Thursday took a first step toward repeal of President Barack Obama's health care law by adopting a fiscal 2017 budget resolution following a seven-hour voting session.
Senators voted 51-48 to adopt the budget resolution, with Sen. Rand Paul of Kentucky casting the only Republican vote against it. The chamber ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- The pressure is now on U.S. House Republicans to complete the first step toward repealing Obamacare after a razor-thin Senate vote showed the contentiousness surrounding efforts to undo President Barack Obama's signature domestic achievement.
The House plans to vote as early as Friday on a budget resolution that would set the ...Read more
CONNELLSVILLE, Pa. –– Judy Keller has always relied on Highlands Hospital for medical care, just as her parents did before her. When she walks through the halls, she recognizes faces from the community and even from her days as a schoolteacher. The 64-bed hospital, she said, is a mainstay of this rural Southwest Pennsylvania town.
"This ...Read more
Something happened when Brant Kingman handed his mother a colored pencil.
In the three years since Polly Penney, 87, was diagnosed with dementia, she had lost much of her short-term memory and some of her language. So she would ask Kingman the same question again, then again. Out of "absolute out-of-my-mind frustration," Kingman, an artist, ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- Congressional Republicans' struggle to take the first step toward repealing and replacing the health care law using a fiscal 2017 budget resolution intensified Wednesday, as they debated how soon to roll out a replacement and defended their coordination with their incoming president.
President-elect Donald Trump suggested in a ...Read more
Dear Mayo Clinic: My son is 8 and wets the bed a few times each week. We have tried a variety of things to help prevent it from happening, including stopping beverages two hours before bedtime and using a mattress pad with a bed-wetting alarm. Should we take him to see a specialist? Don't kids usually outgrow bed-wetting by this age?
A: Bed-...Read more
MANSFIELD, Ohio -- When President Barack Obama signed the Affordable Care Act in 2010, he achieved what presidents and members of Congress had long tried and failed to do -- to provide near-universal health insurance to Americans.
Democrats were jubilant. Those in Obama's inner circle, like Bob Kocher, an adviser to the president on health care...Read more
WASHINGTON -- Senate Republicans vow to take a major step toward dismantling President Barack Obama's health care plan by the end of the week, despite worries from some members that there's not yet a plan to replace it.
Echoing House Republican leaders who have vowed a hasty repeal if not a speedy replacement plan, Senate Majority Leader Mitch ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- About 6.5 million Americans paid an average penalty of $470 for not having health insurance in 2015 -- 20 percent fewer than the year before, according to data released Tuesday by the IRS.
The IRS collected $3 billion, IRS Commissioner John Koskinen said in a letter to members of Congress.
The individual mandate is the most ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- President-elect Donald Trump said Republicans should repeal Obamacare immediately, even as a breakaway group of five moderate Senate Republicans is trying to delay the effort until March.
Trump told The New York Times in an interview that repeal should happen as early as next week and that "the replace will be very quickly or ...Read more
WASHINGTON -- Energized by Republican moves to roll back the Affordable Care Act, leading patient advocates, consumer groups, labor unions and Democratic officials are mobilizing a nationwide campaign to defend it and protect millions of Americans who depend on the law and other government health programs.
The campaign, which is quickly ramping...Read more
- Why some men need to get mammograms, and even consider a mastectomy, too
- Infectious diseases A-Z: identifying meningitis
- Trump lays down a marker to judge his health care plan
- Health law sleepers: 6 surprising health items that could disappear with ACA repeal
- Know where Obamacare repeal will be felt the most? Miami
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- Hodder Education 2010; US$ 35.18
The best-selling complete course for a fun and effective way to learn Portuguese. This ISBN is for the paperback book. The corresponding audio support (ISBN: 9781444107692) is also available. The book and audio support can also be purchased as a pack (ISBN: 9781444107685). more...
- Taylor and Francis 2013; US$ 46.95
Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Workbook is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Brazilian Portuguese. The book is divided into two sections: Part A provides exercises based on essential grammatical structures Part B practises everyday functions (e.g making social contact, asking questions and expressing... more...
- John Benjamins Publishing Company 2011; US$ 165.00
From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives... more...
- De Gruyter 2000; US$ 116.82
This study examines the earliest grammars of Portuguese from a variety of perspectives, including intention, target audiences, definition of grammar, views on language, and linguistic description (parts of speech and syntax). Of especial interest is the way the grammars relate to non-Portuguese source texts, notably the works of the Spanish... more...
- De Vecchi Ediciones 2013; US$ 1.89
Para el correcto conocimiento y aprendizaje de una lengua es imprescindible conocer a fondo la gramática. El manual que tiene entre sus manos pone a su alcance la adquisición de estos conocimientos de una forma fácil: la teoría está perfectamente sintetizada y explicada de forma clara y sencilla: sustantivos, conjugaciones, artículos, preposiciones,... more...
- John Benjamins Publishing Company 2014; US$ 149.00
Western hemisphere varieties of Spanish and Portuguese show substantial similarity in the patterning of sociolinguistic variation and change. Caribbean and coastal dialects of Latin American Spanish share several variables with Brazilian Portuguese (e.g., deletion of coda –s, –r). These variables also show similar social distribution in... more...
- Taylor and Francis 2014; US$ 54.95
This book aims at deconstructing and problematizing linguistic ideologies related to Portuguese in late modernity and questioning the theoretical presuppositions which have led us to call Portuguese ?a language.? Such an endeavor is crucial when we know that Portuguese is a language which is increasingly internationalized, used as the official language... more...
- Taylor and Francis 2015; US$ 54.95
Colloquial Portuguese of Brazil: The Complete Course for Beginners has been carefully developed by an experienced teacher to provide a step-by-step course to Brazilian Portuguese as it is written and spoken today. ? Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with... more...
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Egypt: How to Amputate a Revolution
Why else would SCAF spearhead the unethical smear campaign against the now iconic activists who marched at the forefront of the January 25 uprising?
Why else would SCAF refuse to issue a political exclusion law that would ensure that the remnants of the ousted regime are denied the right to political participation for at least five years?
Why else would SCAF continue to offer preferential treatment to an ousted president facing charges of ordering the killing of peaceful protesters and corruption by harboring him in a luxury hospital and paying him the “modest” pension of LE 93,000 a month?
Why else would SCAF take over the criminal investigation of the bloody Maspero events in which 31 civilians are detained facing charges, awaiting military trials and 11 others stand accused but are not yet in prison, while not a single army soldier or a state TV official who incited the violence has even been questioned in relation to the worst military crackdown on peaceful protesters since the regime was toppled on Feb. 11, where 27 civilians were either shot or crushed to death by army APCs?
See also: Egypt’s Elephant in the Room
These civilians are not a statistic, they were real people, with names, histories and families burning with indignation over their shocking and brutal loss, when the “state” and the so-called “protectors of the revolution” failed to show the least respect by declaring even one day of national mourning in their memory.
But history will remember Osama Fathi Aziz, Amin Fouad Amin, Ayman Saber Beshai, Ayman Nassef Wahbi, Girgis Rawy Radi, Gamal Fayek Wanees, Romani Makary Lembi Girgis, Sameh Girgis Fekri, Shenouda Noshi Atteya, Sobhi Gamal Nazeem Gaddala, Easa Ibrahim Rizk Girgis, Faris Rizk Ayoub, Michael Mu’sad Girgis, Magdi Abdu Rizk Gobrail, Megalli Munir Megalli, Mus’ad Mehanni Mus’ad, Mina Ibrahim Daniel, Naseef Ragi Naseef, Hadi Fouad Atteya, Wael Mikhail Khalil, Mikhail Tawfik Gindy and Shahhat Thabet Hanbali Muawwad, as it will remember the 845 who died during the uprising.
But sadly their memory will forever be tarnished by an irredeemable sense of betrayal. October 9 should not have been a reenactment of January 28, or so we all thought.
Why else would SCAF turn a blind eye to the increased incidents of alleged police torture, most recently the case of Essam Atta, whose mysterious death in late October has not been investigated and whose autopsy report has still not been issued, while at the same time passing summary judgment on thousands of civilians through illegal military court procedures on the pretext of imposing law and order? Ironically Mubarak-era Egypt only saw a fraction of such military trials and the country today is more lawless than it has ever been despite the supposed deterrent effect of military trials and the rampant abuse of emergency law.
Why else would SCAF rekindle the debate over supra-constitutional principles which most political players have deemed a run-around the will of the people?
SCAF even added two articles to the original charter appointing itself the “guardian of constitutional legitimacy” (ironically a legitimacy that was bestowed on it by the people) and shielding the defense budget from public scrutiny.
Unleashing this controversy just weeks before legislative elections is a deliberate attempt to further polarize and fragment the political sphere between Islamists and non-Islamists in a contrived debate that is ultimately about the choice between transitioning towards a true democracy or regressing into a pseudo-military dictatorship pretending to be a democracy.
Despite actions that consistently betray the military leadership’s unwillingness to yield power to a civilian authority, SCAF still has a golden opportunity to prove all its detractors wrong. It’s a basic formula: end all military trials for civilians; stop exercising selective justice; withdraw from investigating Maspero and hand the case over to the public prosecution to prove your commitment to the rule of law and to show the people that justice will be served no matter who is implicated; and remove all references to a custodian role for SCAF from any proposed non-binding constitutional principles charter.
Today it is paramount for SCAF to get off its high horse, relinquish its narrow self-interest and prove the good intentions to which it has only paid lip service so far.
The steps are simple, but sweeping and irrevocable.
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- Dec 1, 2008
The population of mules in the United States is growing, although their numbers are still calculated in the thousands, while horses are in the millions. However, more and more people are discovering that this lovable hybrid can be a joy to ride, pack, or just have around as a family pet.
Since these numbers are growing steadily, owners and prospective owners are seeking to learn more about mules.
Horse and mule fans alike are aware that there has been great progress in the world of scientific research, especially as it relates to caring for equids. New procedures have been developed and sophisticated diagnostic equipment and treatment options are now considered the norm at many veterinary clinics and hospitals.
Although all three are equids, donkeys, mules, and horses have many differences, and not all of the techniques and procedures can be applied in the same way. We'll examine some of those differences as we put management of mules in perspective.
Mules are the product of mating a horse and a donkey. It can go either way-- breeding a stallion to a jennet or breeding a donkey jack to a mare. The offspring of the former is called a hinny and that of the latter is a mule. Because a horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey has 62, the mule winds up with 63, making it impossible for the chromosomes of either a horse or a donkey to pair up with those of a mule. As a result, mules are sterile, although there have been rare instances where female (molly) mules have given birth when bred by a donkey jack.
The first scientifically documented case of a mule giving birth occurred in 1984 when Krause, a molly owned by Bill and Oneta Sylvester of Champion, Neb., gave birth to a mule foal. She was bred back to the same jack and had another foal about a year later. It was determined that both youngsters had 63 chromosomes and that Krause was definitely the mother.
Because of the sterility factor, all male (john) mules should be castrated. Suzanne Burnham, DVM, a Texas veterinarian who has studied and worked with mules and is a consultant to the American Donkey and Mule Society, warns that care must be taken when castrating either a donkey or mule. Castrating without ligation (stitches), she says, can result in heavy bleeding that could possibly cause the animal's death. The fact that both donkey and mule testicles are larger than those of a horse figures into the equation, perhaps.
Many mule owners prefer to castrate their young males at an early age--around two months--in order to prevent studlike behavior. A problem can result with early castration, says Tex Taylor, DVM, a retired professor from Texas A&M University. That problem is evisceration (passage of the intestine from the abdominal cavity to the outside through the castration incision). Young mules castrated at 1 to 2 months of age are more likely to experience this problem than mules castrated later, Taylor says.
Mule owners must be prepared to have their animal or animals around for a long time because mules, generally speaking, live longer than horses. This attribute appears to be inherited from the donkey, which can live on into its 30s and 40s.
In farming days of long ago, when at least a portion of the animal's value depended upon how long it could work, mules averaged an estimated 18 years of work, compared to 15 for the horse.
The old-time pamphlet Jacks, Jennets and Mules, which was published decades ago to tout the stellar qualities of mules, has this to say:
"One of our members employs 160 mules in harness. He buys 3-year-olds and never sells one. When they become unfit for work they are humanely destroyed. His records are exact. Of 89 mules in 1921, 28 were still at work, aged 24 years, in 1942. The average age of death of the 61 that had passed away (or were put down) was 20 years."
Mules in the modern world are not expected to pull heavy equipment from morning until night, with most of them being used for recreational purposes only. Thus, the modern-day mule, working less, receiving better nutrition and medical care, often has a useful lifespan of 30 or more years. As the mule ages, it behooves the owner to be even more cognizant of proper food intake and to provide dental and hoof care on a regular basis.
Mules can be used for any discipline a horse can be used, including dressage, cutting, and pleasure riding. Just like horses, not every mule is suited for every discipline. There are some good reasons to have a mule as your mount.
Perhaps it involves the donkey heritage, but mules appear to have a higher tolerance for heat than horses. The donkey developed in dry, desert country, where water supplies were scant and, as a result, evolved into an animal that could get by on very little.
This is not say that water is not essential to mules when exercising. Water definitely is required, but both donkeys and mules have a built-in mechanism, similar to camels, in which the animal, when starved for water, will drink only enough to replace lost body fluid. A dehydrated horse, on the other hand, might drink until it becomes ill.
An example concerning mule water intake: When we were living in Kentucky, annually we would load horses and mules into the trailer and head for a camping trip in the mountains of the West. It was two-day trip each way and traversed the central part of the United States, where soaring summer temperatures were common.
One of our pack mules would not consume a drop of water on the trip. We worried about impaction and tried all of the ruses known to get her to drink. We brought water from home, and we tried flavoring the water. Nothing worked. When the mule was traveling, she wouldn't drink. Quite often she wouldn't drink until we came to the first river crossing. Then, she'd drink her fill, but often she was finished before the horses and other mules that had consumed water along the way on a regular basis. Yet, this mule never had an impaction or any other problem from her lack of water intake.
In managing mules, one must also be aware that there is a definite metabolic difference between mules and donkeys when compared to horses. Donkeys have been known to founder after eating a single bowl of high-protein (about 27%) dog food when scavenging for snacks. While a number of commercial horse rations are in the 16% protein range, donkeys and mules appear to do far better on a ration that is in the 10-12% protein range.
Pound for pound, a mule will eat less than a horse. When mules are working, they should be fed about one-third of the ration fed to a horse of the same size and doing the same work.
For the most part mules will not overeat. During the days when thousands of mules packed freight across the country, they often were housed in huge communal corrals during stops. Feed bunks were filled with grain and forage, and the mules were allowed to eat what they desired. It was rare that a mule would consume food to the point where colic was a problem.
Robert Miller, DVM, of California, known as the father of imprinting, but also a mule fancier and owner, says mules generally have fewer lameness problems than horses, but this doesn't mean the feet should be ignored. The mule's feet should be trimmed regularly and, in some cases, the mule should be shod.
Jake Clark of Ralston, Wyo., an outfitter who uses only mules to pack clients into the Teton mountains, says he shoes his mules only when the hooves show signs of wear, and then only the front feet are shod. Clark's mules travel into and out of the mountains on a daily basis, traversing hard-packed, rocky trails. He uses mules exclusively, he says, because most horses can't handle the workload that is required on a daily basis.
The only horse included in Clark's string is the "bell mare." Mule packers discovered years ago that mules have an affinity for mares--especially gray mares. They found that if they put a gray mare in the lead with a bell around her neck, they could turn loose the pack mules and they would follow the bell mare wherever she went. When they camped for the night, the pack mules would all cluster around the bell mare while feeding. As long she remained in camp, they would do likewise.
Mule owners should also recognize that mules often have more problems with external parasites than horses. The reason is quite basic: In the spring, the horse sheds out rather quickly. The mule, with its heavier, coarser coat--inherited from the donkey--needs more time to rid itself of the excess hair, and this provides a longer period for external parasites, such as lice, to remain in business.
External parasites were a problem with mules when they were used extensively in both world wars. British army officials at one point in World War I decided to solve this problem by shaving the entire animal in early spring. The results were disastrous. The parasites were eliminated, but many of the mules died of exposure.
When a problem surfaces, whether it is caused by parasites, fungus, or bacteria, the approach should be to have a veterinarian take a skin scraping to determine precisely what the problem might be--lice, rainrot, ringworm, or whatever--and treat it accordingly.
Mules should receive the same immunizations as horses residing in the same part of the country. They also should be treated for the same type of internal parasites and on the same schedule as horses.
Stubborn as a Mule?
There are psychological differences between horses and mules, and these come into play when managing mules. For one thing, the mule has a strong sense of self-preservation. If the mule feels he is being asked to do something that puts his welfare in danger, he very often refuses to do what is being asked. It's often said by those familiar with mules that you can tell a horse, but you need to convince a mule.
On the other hand, mules some times seem fearless because of their sure-footedness. On one of our trips into Montana's Beartooth Mountains, we had packed one of our mules quite heavily. Not to worry. He was a stout john mule and he could handle the load with relative ease. He was a real pro as we traveled through rugged country to our camping spot, never missing a step and never tightening the lead line. We spent close to a week headquartered at a beautiful lake, fishing and taking day rides into the surrounding area; returning to our headquarters camp at night. On the way out, the mule--named Rowdy--had only a light pack because of the food that had been consumed, and he was well-rested. When he wasn't being asked to work hard, Rowdy had a tendency to get bored.
One portion of the trail down the mountain was along a ridge that dropped off into a deep canyon on one side and sloped gently away on the other. The trail was totally safe because the ridge line between the trail and the dropoff prevented anyone from venturing too close to the edge. I was leading Rowdy on a slack line, half dozing in the saddle, when my wife, riding behind us, let out a shout. I jerked awake and looked back. There was Rowdy, walking along the narrow ledge, looking down into the canyon below. He was confident that he wouldn't fall and was relieving his boredom by walking the ledge.
It is highly important to understand the world as a mule sees it if you want to own, enjoy, and properly manage this long-eared creature. While mules are, indeed, equids, they are not the same as horses in temperament, physical makeup, or psychological outlook. Many folks today are choosing mules as their pleasure animals because of the sure-footed nature of the beast and usually kind demeanor. However, you should spend some time around a mule before you decide a mule is the right mount for you.
About the Author
Les Sellnow is a free-lance writer based near Riverton, Wyo. He specializes in articles on equine research, and operates a ranch where he raises horses and livestock. He has authored several fiction and non-fiction books, including Understanding Equine Lameness and Understanding The Young Horse, published by Eclipse Press and available at www.exclusivelyequine.com or by calling 800/582-5604.
POLL: Horse Bedding Choices
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Peifer’s opens for summer
- Published: July 25, 2014
Peifer Orchards opened this month with bushels of local fruits and vegetables, some of it grown at the farm and some of it trucked in from other farms in the region. The farm is currently selling sweet corn, cantaloupes and watermelon, as well as vegetables such as onions, tomatoes, peppers and zucchini. Though Peifer’s own trees did not bear peaches after the brutal winter, the farm will soon have peaches from Pennsylvania, as well as their own raspberries. Peifer apples will start in August.
Visitors this weekend can also enjoy La Pampa Grill’s traditional Argentine barbecue, which opens with a family picnic parrillada on Saturday, July 26, 5–7 p.m. Owner Mariano Rios will turn out local grass-fed beef, chorizo sausage and vegetables from his wood-fired grill. Adults are $18, kids under 12 are free. Visitors are encouraged to bring side dishes, wine, drinks and blankets and chairs to spread out on the lawn.
In addition to selling their own products, Peifer’s also sources local and regional fruit to Antioch College, whose food sustainability coordinator Isaac Delamatre is trying to maintain relationships with many local farmers to feed the 200 people on campus each day. With its own vegetable and animal farm on campus and sources of meat, dairy and produce from farms in the Miami Valley, the college kitchens serve about 28–32 percent local food — a number Delamatre is proud of but hopes to exceed in the coming years.
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Date(s) - 04/27/2020
Time: - 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm
Camp Verde Community Library
EVENTS FOR KIDS & FAMILYGet FREE fun Phoenix Kids Events like these right into your inbox free newsletter: Subscribe Here
Join us at Camp Verde Community Library at 4:00 pm on Monday, February 3rd for the next class in a series of origami classes for beginners.
Have you always wanted to learn how to do origami but didn’t know where to start? Levi, a 7th grader, will teach you the things you need to know to get started! Origami is actually a very easy hobby to pick up and it’s a lot of fun.
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Phoenix Family Friendly Events
Find Family Friendly Events Phoenix Family Events Guide ! Discover fun kid friendly events and activities to do in Metro Phoenix.
See the FREE Kids events guide for free fun indoor and outdoor kid friendly events on the weekend and on the weekdays in Metro Phoenix: free movies, crafts and more!)
Class is for ages 8 and up. The class will resume each Monday at 4:00 pm until further notice.
Camp Verde Community Library is located just off of Montezuma Castle Highway at 130 Black Bridge Road, Camp Verde AZ. For more information about this or any other library program visit the library’s website at www.cvlibrary.org or call 554-8380 during library open hours Mon-Thu 9am-8pm, Fri-Sat 9am-5pm.
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FAMILY FRIENDLY CARNIVALSEnjoy the beautiful weather with family! Checkout our Carnival Friendly Guide here.
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Senate Ed. Committee passes bill to create governor-appointed position for Dept. of Education
The Senate Education Committee quickly passed a bill that would create a governor-appointed director position for the education department, and reduce the powers of the current state superintendent.
Committee Chairman Senator Hank Coe says tension between the Legislature, Superintendent, the Department of Education, and the State Board has been going on since 1985 and it was time to fix it.
"Oversight of education is the charge of the Legislature,” says Coe. “The public deserves an agency and an educational system that is responsive to its wishes and allows for the continuous improvement of our children and their education."
The committee unanimously voted to pass the bill with no debate. Superintendent Cindy Hill said that if the committee wanted people to believe that it wasn’t a personal attack but rather a strategy to correct a struggling Education system, then the approach should be different.
"I suggest that if you really want to deprive the people of a vote for Superintendent, then be direct about it,” says Hill. “Do it correctly – simply remove the office by amending the Constitution."
If the bill is signed into law, the Department of Education should have a new director by December first of this year. The full Senate could debate the bill next week.
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What's Love got to do, got to do with it?
In his Witches Druids and King Arthur, Ronald Hutton claims that ancient Pagans (in addition to having no theology at all) made a "sharp distinction" between religion and magic, whereas modern Pagans "dissolve" such distinctions. For many decades it was fashionable to insist, as Hutton still does here, on a nice straight bright line separating magic from religion in the ancient world. But "scholarly consensus" is ever fickle in her affections, and now she is no longer returning Hutton's phone calls. Here is what one group of experts wrote in 2003 (the same year that Witches Druids and King Arthur was published) in their Introduction to a collection of papers presented at a conference that had occurred in 2000 (emphases added):
[R]ecent work has provided compelling documentation for the broad area of overlap between 'religion' and 'magic' in the Graeco-Roman world. From the courtrooms of classical Athens, there is ample evidence for the deployment of magical rituals, objects, and words. These written, spoken, or sung words--whether we call them spells, incantations, or charms--draw upon a ritual and conceptual vocabulary closely linked to the 'official' forms of civic and public prayer. In contrast to earlier scholarship, which tended to see such shared elements as evidence for magicians' surreptitious appropriation of public religion, recent scholarship has preferred to view 'magical' and 'religious' practices as part of a continuum that encompassed both individual and communal forms of piety.I suppose one cannot expect scholars to just come right out and admit that they had been barking up the wrong tree, let alone an imaginary tree. And therefore they must claim that "recent work has provided compelling documentation" .... to the effect that they had been very wrong about the nature of the relationship between religion and magic. The problem is almost certainly attributable to hyper-specialization, for anyone familiar with Plato would know full well that according to one of the most famous passages in all of ancient philosophy, the priestess/philosopher Diotima had taught young Socrates, as part of his education in Love, that through the good offices of Eros
[Prayer, Magic, and the Stars in the Ancient and Late Antique World, p. 2]
all divination is made possible, and the science of the priests and of the specialists in sacrifices and initiations and spells, and all prophecy and goeteia.The Greek goeteia is variously translated as "sorcery", "magic", "witchcraft", "enchantment", and so forth, whereas the Greek word here translated as "spells" is epodas, which is often translated as "incantations". The important thing is that "divination ... the science of priests ... sacrifices and initiations ... and all of prophecy" - are all very conventional aspects of traditional Greek Paganism. But the same principle (Eros) lies behind those mainstream, respectable aspects of Pagan religion and also behind "spells" and "sorcery". The implication is that "proper" religion (divination, priestcraft, sacrifice, initiation) and "magic" (incantations and enchantment) are just different manifestations of, or possibly even just different words for or ways of looking at, the same underlying phenomenon.
The same section of the Symposium also tells us this about Eros:
being in between both [Gods and humans], it fills the region between both so that the All is bound together with itself.As already mentioned in a previous post (but this definitely bears repeating) Plato's Symposium posits a Cosmos densely populated with many different varieties of spiritual beings, and among these are Eros and the other Daimones, who are liminal, intermediary beings actively "binding" everything in the Cosmos to everything else. So not only was there, undeniably, Pagan theology centuries before Christianity existed, this theology was both magical and erotic.
Magic as a subversive activity
Lets look more closely, and practically, at the relationship between "magic" and "religion" in ancient Paganism. James Rives gives some indication of just how false the "magic versus religion" dichotomy is when he discusses "Religious options" in his Religion in the Roman Empire:
In the Roman world as in our own, different people had different tastes in matters of religion. Some found comfort in the familiar, and valued the practices and beliefs that were current in their communities and that they had known all their lives. Others, by contrast, were attracted to what seemed remote from ordinary life, esoteric traditions reputedly handed down from the distant past or imported from an exotic foreign culture. In the Roman world, as in our own, the two qualities "ancient" and "foreign" often went together, since Greeks and Romans believed the cultures of the Near East to be much older than their own (in many cases quite rightly). Yet the Greek tradition had its own ancient religious authorities, and they also played an important role....Rives describes a spectrum of religious options, as he calls them, available to ancient Pagans. These options included local, well established practices that were conventional and respectable in the most dull and ordinary senses of those words. Another option might consist of foreign practices that were nevertheless even more ancient, and in some cases perhaps even more prestigious and respectable, than one's own local cults. Or one could go further afield and explore religious options that left both familiarity and respectability far behind. But, as Rives also discusses in his book, Roman law criminalized certain options, including, especially, "magic".
While anyone could pray and make offerings, and even interact directly with the Gods through oracles, dreams, and visions, some people claimed a special connection with the divine that gave them insights and abilities unavailable to ordinary people. Within the normative Graeco-Roman tradition, the socio-economic elite tended to view such charismatic religious leaders with suspicion, inasmuch as they constituted a potential threat to their own authority ... [y]et they flourished all the same, if more often on the fringes of the mainstream Graeco-Roman tradition than near its center.
A superficial interpretation of just such legal proscriptions against magic (combined with, among other factors, ignorance of Plato) helps to explain the falsely imagined dichotomy between magic and religion that characterized much of late 20th century scholarship. What, exactly, was actually meant by laws prohibiting "magic"? An invaluable source for understanding this is Apuleius' Apology, the only written account that we have from the ancient world of a trial in which someone is accused of illicit magic. In his account (of his own trial) Apuleius spends little time denying the specifics of the charges against him, according to James Rives (in the above mentioned book):
Apuleius denies very few of these allegations outright, and argues instead that his accusers have misinterpreted his actions, which in fact result from his philosophical and religious interests.Before looking at Apuleius' trial in more detail, lets first stop and take a moment to look at a more recent, and, to us, far more famous, legal proceeding.
In a letter written from a jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama, the Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., explained that 'We should never forget that everything Adolf Hitler did in Germany was "legal"'.
King then goes on to state that he had
almost reached the regrettable conclusion that the Negro's great stumbling block in his stride toward freedom is not the White Citizen's Counciler or the Ku Klux Klanner, but the white moderate, who is more devoted to "order" than to justice; who prefers a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice; who constantly says: "I agree with you in the goal you seek, but I cannot agree with your methods of direct action"; who paternalistically believes he can set the timetable for another man's freedom; who lives by a mythical concept of time and who constantly advises the Negro to wait for a "more convenient season." Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will. Lukewarm acceptance is much more bewildering than outright rejection.Interestingly, the name of Socrates is invoked three times in that famous letter. According to King, Socrates "practiced civil disobedience", had an "unswerving commitment to truth", and "felt that it was necessary to create a tension in the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal."
I bring up Martin Luther King in order to highlight just how ambiguous our notions of "criminality" and "legality" can be. Hitler did not break any laws, but the "founding fathers" did, as did civil right activists during the 60's. Apuleius' trial also highlights this same ambiguity (albeit in a very different way - although perhaps not as different as one might think at first) as discussed by Rives here:
The trial thus seems in an important sense to have turned on the issue of acceptable religious behavior. The great interest that some people had in religious arcana must have appeared to others as beyond the pale; if in addition they perceived it as in any way a direct threat, they could attack it as magic.... If, as Apuleius apparently did, the accused could persuade the presiding official that his behavior fell within the limits of the normal, he could hope to be found innocent; if he failed to do so, however, the official would have little hesitation in condemning him. In this respect, trials for magic were at their heart a context in which Roman authorities and the people of the empire could work together to determine the limits of acceptable religious interests and activities.It's important to emphasize that where "magic" was viewed as a crime in the Graeco-Roman world, this only applied to malefic magic, either in the sense that it is intended to harm specific individuals, or in the broader sense that it is seen as harmful to society in general. I should point out that the the modern Wiccan tradition that I belong to also absolutely prohibits any kind of malefic activity of any sort. And, for that matter, the Wiccan Rede itself forbids anything that violates the principle "an it harm none". And just such an absolute commitment to non-harming also lay at the heart of the non-violence philosophy of the civil rights movement of the 60's. In a very real sense, both King and Apuleius present the same basic answer to their accusers: their actions, far from being harmful to others (or to society as a whole), were based on sound philosophical and religious principles that, in theory, society at large upholds and recognizes as beneficial.
There is, of course, nothing more subversive in the eyes of the powers-that-be than exposing the ignorance and hypocrisy of the leaders and rulers of society. If we now set Apuleius aside for a moment, we can see that just this kind of subversion was central to the "missions" of both Socrates and King. In Socrates' case he exposed the fact that those who were thought most wise by their fellow Athenians did not, in fact, understand the true meanings of either virtue or piety, nor did they possess even the beginnings of self-knowledge. When brought to trial Socrates mounted a philosophical defense, and treated the jury just as he had treated the politicians, poets and shoemakers. As for King he argued that those "white moderates" who imagined themselves to be the best friends the civil rights movement had, were, in fact, "the Negro's great stumbling block" because they were "more devoted to 'order' than to justice." In their devotion to order, these white moderates exposed their ignorance of the underlying principle of Justice, the principle of which social order should be a reflection. Like Socrates, King paid for his convictions with his life, and did not hesitate to do so.
Apuleius's case is rather different, but also has important parallels to that of Socrates and King. Apuleius' accusers were powerful individuals, but they did not enjoy the broader societal support of either Socrates' enemies or the white moderate clergymen addressed by King in his letter. Nevertheless Apuleius still makes the same basic kind of appeal by showing that the those who had brought charges of "magic" against him did so only out of their own ignorance of the basics of religion and philosophy. Socrates, Apuleius and King all address themselves to "higher" principles that go far beyond the mindset of those who oppose them.
Precisely here is revealed the great danger, in the eyes of some, posed by people like Socrates, Apuleius and King. Such individuals pose a challenge to those who want to control who is authorized to speak about virtue, piety, philosophy and justice. Those who are able to convincingly present themselves as understanding and even personally representing such principles have tremendous potential power, a power that is truly magical in its seemingly "supernatural" ability to work outside of or even in direct opposition to the established "order".
The "sharp distinction" that Hutton and others have tried to insert by assertion between magic and religion is not, after all, only a figment of the imagination of misinformed scholars. There are always those who wish to exert control over who is, and who is not, an authority on matters pertaining to religion and morality. But even when they succeed their success can only ever be partial. In part this is because of the natural tendency of people (or at least some people), if only out of curiosity (a major theme of Apuleius' most famous work, The Metamorphoses), to explore and experiment with various religious options (including magic). Even worse, though, for those in power (or who wish to be, or imagine themselves to be) is the case of individuals who have made it their business "to create a tension of the mind so that individuals could rise from the bondage of myths and half truths to the unfettered realm of creative analysis and objective appraisal." This leads to (possibly deadly) conflict with those who prefer "a negative peace which is the absence of tension to a positive peace which is the presence of justice."
What I am talking about (and what Socrates, Apuleius and King clearly represent) is not mere "anti-authoritarianism" for it's own sake. Fortunately there is something far more subtle, profound and powerful than a juvenile rebelliousness directed against all those in charge. This is resistance to those who exercise their power unjustly, or who attempt to do so. There is no escape from this criterion. It is not authority itself that is opposed, it is injustice. "Order" is not rebelled against just because it is "orderly", but precisely because it is only superficially orderly, because it fundamentally diverges from the inherent order of the kosmos. But natural "laws" can never be truly violated. If an apple appears to fall up, that just means some force has impelled it upwards, and if one continues to observe the apple carefully it's trajectory will trace out a parabola, or "gravity's rainbow" as Thomas Pynchon called it.
In addition to the complacency of those committed to "order", King also had to face the accusation that in Birmingham he was an "outside agitator". To which he responded:
I am cognizant of the interrelatedness of all communities and states. I cannot sit idly by in Atlanta and not be concerned about what happens in Birmingham. Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly affects all.King's appeal to "interrelatedness" is a good place to end this rambling investigation into religion and magic. Interrelatedness is not only fundamental to both Martin Luther King's ethical world-view, and to Plato's erotic cosmology, it is also a key principle of Mahayana Buddhism, as I discussed earlier in a post on "Fractal Buddhism". And it is the essence of Wicca as a magical religion.
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If You Use a Screen ReaderThis content is available through Read Online (Free) program, which relies on page scans. Since scans are not currently available to screen readers, please contact JSTOR User Support for access. We'll provide a PDF copy for your screen reader.
Production of IL-1α and IL-1β by Human Skin Equivalents Parasitized by Sarcoptes scabiei
Larry G. Arlian, DiAnn L. Vyszenski-Moher, Christine M. Rapp and Barbara E. Hull
The Journal of Parasitology
Vol. 82, No. 5 (Oct., 1996), pp. 719-723
Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3283881
Page Count: 5
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Human skin equivalents (HSEs) were used as a model to investigate interleukin (IL)-1α and IL-1β secretions by keratinocytes stimulated by Sarcoptes scabiei (SS). SS mites burrowed into the stratum corneum when placed on the surface of cultured HSEs. Mites lived for 14 days. Mites and mite products induced cells in the HSEs to secrete IL-1α and IL-1β within 16 hr. Scabies mites induced production of greater amounts of IL-1α than IL-1β. Hepatocyte growth factor in the culture medium at 3 and 30 ng/ml upregulated the secretions of both IL-1α and IL-1β by mite-infested skin equivalents, whereas 10 ng/ml of IL-6 upregulated production of only IL-1β Therefore, these cytokines were important immunomodulating factors influencing keratinocyte secretion of IL-1α and IL-1β in vitro. The results of this study provide the first evidence that keratinocytes (possibly fibroblasts) in the skin produce these cytokines in response to scabies mites or other ectoparasitic arthropods. Because IL-1α and IL-1β are potent inducers of inflammation and keratinocytes are among the first effector cells to encounter scabies mites and their products, these cells may be key initiators of the inflammatory/immune reaction to scabies.
The Journal of Parasitology © 1996 The American Society of Parasitologists
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History rewrites itself right before your eyes. CAIR chief claims Muslims discovered America first | The Daily Caller Muslims discovered the Americas long before Columbus sailed the ocean blue in 1492, the head of a D.C.-based jihad-linked Islamic lobbying group told a Saudi TV station Dec. 27. “There are historical accounts according to which the Muslims preceded Columbus, who is said to have discovered the U.S.,” claimed Nihad Awad, the co-founder of the Council on American Islamic Relations. “Some documents and accounts indicate that Muslim seafarers were the first to reach the U.S., [so] the bottom line is that Islam played a part in the establishment and development of the U.S.,” Awad told the Saudi interviewer, in an interview in a New York studio. CAIR did not respond to The Daily Caller’s request for an explanation of Awad’s comments, which were recorded by the Middle East Media Research Institute. Awad’s group bills itself as a “civil rights” group, but five of its former employees have been jailed or deported for terror offenses, and FBI officials refuse to meet Awad because of his ties to jihadi groups, such as Hamas. Awad’s claim was made during an interview in which he argued that Muslims can settle in the U.S. without violating Islam’s myriad Sharia rules about religion, diet, speech, friendships, work and political loyalty. “Islam flourishes in an atmosphere of freedom, and [it] spreads freedom, justice, and equality,” he claimed. “Every day I live as an American-Muslim citizen, I rediscover the firm bonds (he's speaking about the neck here) between the humane system that the U.S. created for its people, and the values advocated by Islam,” he claimed. However, Islam’s Sharia laws curb religious freedom, speech, and political activism, and also subordinate non-Muslims and women to orthodox Muslim men. Sharia is enforced in Saudi Arabia, Iran, much of Afghanistan and increasingly in Egypt, Turkey, Tunisia and Libya, all of which were recently governed by secular laws. Awad’s claim is part of a broader campaign by Islamist groups to encourage Muslims to settle in the United States and Europe. From 610 to 632, Islam’s founder, Mohammad, reputedly urged his followers to spread Islam by both conquest and emigration. In the same TV interview, Awad told his viewers that he had talked with U.S. government officials about a convicted jihadi, Aafia Siddiqui, who is considered a heroine by ardent Islamists. “I personally intervened in this case, without talking about it in the media,” he said. “I can reassure the brothers and sisters who called this show that I have personally dealt with this case on a high level in the U.S., and even in diplomatic circles,” he claimed. Siddiqui is a Pakistan-born, U.S.-educated scientist who was arrested in Afghanistan in 2008, and then tried to shoot a U.S. guard. In 2010, she was sentenced to 86 years in jail for two counts of attempted murder. Siddiqui is one of the relatively few female jihadis in jail. Many of the female terrorists have carried suicide bombs to targets, sometime under severe pressure from jihadis. During her trial in 2010, Siddiqui asked that Jewish lawyers and jurors be excluded. “In the coming weeks, we will dedicate more attention to her. We will follow the case, and see what we can do,” Awad told the viewers. Also, Awad told his interviewer that he and his Islamist allies had provided half of the United States’ public libraries with books showing their description of Islam. “After 9/11, we saw great interest among the American public in becoming better acquainted with Islam by studying and reading about it,” he said. “Very few books on Islam were available in the public libraries …. [and] most of these books were misleading or anti-Islamic.” “We decided to publish several books on Islam … [and] decided to send them free-of-charge to the American public libraries. (propaganda) … We managed to provide this collection, free-of-charge, to half of the [16,200 U.S.] libraries.” Awad’s statement that Muslims discovered the Americas is one of many unsupported claims of Muslim accomplishment prior to the European capture of Egypt in 1798. The claims say that Muslims were the first to fly (magic carpet) and to invent the compass, as well as the first to develop technologies that were fundamental to computers, cameras and the Industrial Revolution. In 2009, President Barack Obama repeated the claim that Muslims invented the compass in his “New Beginning” speech in Cairo, Egypt. “It was innovation in Muslim communities that developed the order of algebra; our magnetic compass and tools of navigation; our mastery of pens and printing; our understanding of how disease spreads and how it can be healed,” he claimed. Many of these claims are also being touted in the United States by a traveling exhibit, titled “1001 Inventions: Discover the Golden Age of Muslim Civilization.” “Scholars of many faiths built on the ancient knowledge of the Egyptians, Greeks, Romans, Persians, and others, making breakthroughs that paved the way for the Renaissance,” says introductory text to the “1001 inventions” show. In fact, individual Muslims developed many tools and ideas, but Islamic imams and Muslim rulers nearly always subordinated secular learning to religious orthodoxy. For example, only in 1985 did Saudi Arabia’s chief cleric, Abdulaziz ibn Baz, withdraw his Islamic argument that the Sun orbited around the earth. He changed his view only after a Saudi prince was flown on a U.S. space shuttle. In contrast, Christian popes and kings funded European scholars — including the famous astronomer Galileo Galilei — and universities for several hundred years, and eventually birthed the theory and practice of science.
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Q. Can a 16 or 17 year-old minor who has quit school work more than 4 hours per day or 28 hours per week?
A. Yes. If a minor has left school voluntarily, then he or she is not required to attend. The minor must have a Full-Time Employment Certificate and may work 8 hours per day, 48 hours per week between the hours of 6 a.m. and midnight.
Q. Does a 16 or 17 year-old minor who has graduated from high school or attends college need parental and school consent to work past 10 p.m.?
A. No. This law pertains to 16 and 17 year-olds who are attending high school. However, minors who are high school graduates must have a Full-Time Employment Certificate.
Q. If a 16 or 17 year-old minor is obtaining a High School Equivalency Diploma, does that restrict their working hours when school is in session?
A. No. Their attendance is not mandated by the Education Law. However, they must have a Full-Time Employment Certificate.
Q. Should all injuries at work be reported?
A. Yes. All injuries should be reported to the employer and the physician or hospital so they can file a report with the Workers' Compensation Board to protect the young person and cover the medical expenses.
Q. Do minors who do not yet attend school need a Modeling Permit?
A. Yes. As of November 20, 2013, child models who live or work in New York State are covered by the Labor Law and regulations as Child Performers. The basic requirements for parents, guardians, and employers of child models are as follows: Employers who engage a child model to work in this state must obtain a certificate to employ the model. Parents or guardians must obtain a Child Performer Permit so the model is eligible to work in this state. Please see the Child Performer section of our website for complete information.
Q. If an employer complies with the State Law does that guarantee compliance with the Federal Law or if the employer complies with Federal Law does that guarantee compliance with State Law?
A. Not in all cases. The rule to follow is that the law that is most restrictive and protects the employee the most is the one that applies. For more information, see Comparison - New York State Child Labor Law vs Federal Law.
Q. If a 16 or 17 year-old changes jobs, do they need a new Parent/Guardian Consent form and/or a new Certificate of Satisfactory Academic Standing for the new employer?
A. A new Parent/Guardian form must be obtained for each job, because the forms are only valid for the employer listed. The School Satisfactory Academic Standing Certificate is valid for the entire marking period, regardless of the employer.
Q. Where can I find these forms?
Thanks for the feedback! It will help us improve your experience.
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Apartheid-era sleaze, especially during the sanctions period, ushered in a series of financial crimes of Bon Jovi ballad proportions. That billions were stolen have never been much of a secret, but nailing downright villains has always been a challenge. The uncynical view is that former finance minister Trevor Manuel and his advisors were under the impression that chasing the missing cash would destroy the delicate green shoots of the post-apartheid economy – a decision that, like so many back in those days, dispensed with justice in favour of “stability”. The more cynical view is that the ANC cut a deal with the apartheid scum, one that traded cover-ups on pre-changeover crimes for help on perpetrating post-changeover heists.
CASAC Statement: Public Protector’s Report on Nkandla 24 March 2014
The Public Protector is appointed under the Constitution to strengthen constitutional democracy by probing improper conduct and maladministration in state affairs. In her report on the upgrades at the President’s private residence at Nkandla she has found that the President has violated the Constitution.
The Council for the Advancement of the South African Constitution (CASAC) believes that under these circumstances, it is necessary to consider whether the violation is of such a serious nature to require invoking the provisions of section 89 (1) of the Constitution. In our opinion, the issue is whether it would be constitutionally intolerable for the President to remain in office.
The Public Protector has made a positive finding that the President acted in breach of section 96(1) and (2) of the Constitution (paragraphs 10.10.1.5 and 10.10.1.6 of the Public Protector’s report). These sections place two obligations on the President. First, he must comply with the code of ethics for members of the Executive. Second, he must not act in a manner inconsistent with his office or expose himself to a situation of a conflict of interest.
CASAC Executive Secretary, Lawson Naidoo says: “The Public Protector has found that the President violated both constitutional duties. First, by wearing “two hats” as guardian of the country’s resources and as a direct personal beneficiary of improper privileges, he violated the duty to avoid placing his personal interests in conflict with those of the state. Second, by failing to cause an investigation as soon as he became aware of the expenditure into his home, he acted in a manner inconsistent with the duty to protect public funds.”
Section 89(1) (a) provides that the President may be removed from office by a resolution supported by two thirds of the members of the National Assembly, for a “serious violation” of the Constitution or the law, or in terms of s. 89 (1)(b) for “serious misconduct”. Given the findings of the investigation as a whole, the quantum of the monies expended and the role of the President, it would be difficult to sustain any argument that the findings of the Public Protector do not amount to serious violations or misconduct.
CASAC therefore believes that it would be constitutionally intolerable for Parliament not to consider whether the constitutional violation or the misconduct identified by the Public Protector fall within the category of violations in section 89 (1).
We call upon the Speaker of the National Assembly to convene a sitting of that House to deliberate on this matter.
For further enquiries please contact Lawson Naidoo 073 158 5736 or 021 685 8809 Lawson@casac.org.zaBACK TO TOP
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BERNSTEIN, NATHAN OSIPOVICH:
By: Herman Rosenthal
Russian physiologist; born at Brody, Galicia, in 1836; died in Odessa Feb. 9, 1891. He received his first education from his grandfather, the eminent Solomon Eger, chief rabbi of the province of Posen; and, on the removal of his parents to Odessa in 1849, entered the gymnasium of that place, from which he graduated in 1853. He studied medicine at the University of Moscow in 1853-58, where he was awarded a gold medal in 1857 for his treatise, "Anatomia i Fiziologia Legochno-Zheludoch-navo Nerva." In 1861 he became consulting physician of the city hospital of Odessa, and associate editor of the Russian-Jewish periodical "Sion," until its suppression by the government in April, 1862. In 1865 he was appointed instructor of anatomy and physiology at the newly established New-Russia University at Odessa; and from 1871 lectured there on anatomy as assistant professor, but was not confirmed in this position by the government. He devoted much of his time to the Society of Physicians of Odessa, having been secretary of it for two years, vice-president for eight years, and president for fourteen years. He was an alderman of the Odessa city council, director of the Talmud Torah, director of the city hospital, and honorary justice of the peace. His works appeared in the following publications: the "Moskovskaya Meditzinskaya Gazeta," 1858; "Moskovskoe Obozryenie," 1859; "Biblioteka Meditzinskikh Nauk," 1859; "Sion," 1861-62; "Meditzinski Viestnik," 1864; "Sovremennaya Meditzina," 1863; "Arkhiv Sudebnoi Meditziny," 1864; "Gazette Médicale de Paris," 1865; and many other medical periodicals. Of his manual on physiology, entitled "Rukovodstvo Chastnoi Fiziologii," two parts were published at Odessa in 1868.
- Vengerov, Kritiko-Biograficheski Slovar, vol. iii., 1892;
- Voskhod, No. 5, 1891.
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With a background like DeWalta’s, the stage was set long ago for this yougin to blast some serious holes in the fabric of music, time, and space. DeWalta a.k.a. David Koch budded from a large family in southern Germany filled with theater, literature, and music. Early schooling came in the form of the interdisciplinary Waldorf School (also home to electronic pioneers Abe Duque and John Selway) tasked with nothing less than helping young people fulfill their unique destinies. With the school’s emphasis on artistic and imaginative endeavors in elementary education, David started with French horn at age 7 leading to his first orchestral and ensemble performances. Meanwhile David’s grandfather was a music journalist who first exposed him to early American jazz on old lacquer records and later the music of the beatnik movement of the 1950’s. At age 10 David started to teach himself jazz. By 13 he engaged in known local jazz clubs playing on sessions which lead to his first musical scholarship where he met his first inspiring instructors. Parallel to his jazz studies David picked up on good ol’ American P-Funk, hip hop, and some pop\rock. Additionally David started to tour globally with classical symphonic orchestras, and in the off season started to earn money performing in young jazz ensembles. In 1999 David moved to Berlin to attend an elite music conservatory and continued to play jazz taking part in Berlin’s young jazz scene. Just 2 years later he left the high school conservatory to attend the Hans Eissler Music College for jazz and pop where he studied saxophone, piano, composition, and music theory. Of course here he also found many suitable ensembles to play with ranging in style from big band and free jazz, to funk and Latin music. By 2003, as was common for many gifted musicians, David started the doubt the necessity of musical education. Though trained as an instrumentalist for most of his life, he felt limited by traditional performance with control of just one element of a piece. The emphasis of improvisation in jazz led him to experimentation, composition, and giving into the natural genesis of producing his own music. He started to acquire studio equipment, experimented with different sounds, founded a disco band, and made his first forays into producing electronic music events. Berlin was also a vinyl paradise which David did not overlook quickly amassing a collection delving deeper into electronic music. His eclectic endeavors continued to dominate composing theatrical music, expanding his studio, studying jazz at the music college, and partaking in the bohemian urban paradise that was and still is Berlin. David continued to expand his studio, improved his production skills, and advanced his productions. By 2007 he founded his Meander label and began releasing his first electronic records. Just a year later long time friend and Vakant big daddy snapped up David leading to the drop of the ‘Salgaro/Farina’ EP (VA021) on the world’s dance floors. With a bass presence not easily described in words and the musical expanse that floats on top of his debut Vakant release, DeWalta became instantly known to all those seeking massive funk with their freak. With so much music already under his belt and the platform that is Vakant, we envision a mad scramble of the world’s sound technicians to technically accommodate such a talent in the time to come.
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Amazon.com: Oregon Scientific Temperature Remote Sensor (OR Remote; wireless thermometer for Oregon Scientific weather stations; Transmits
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red LED in the center of the thermosensor flashes to indicate that it is on.
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timepiece, Oregon Scientific is hoping to lure you in with its.
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Decoder for Oregon Scientific Weather Sensor | mbedThis program receives Oregon Scientific Sensor V2 packets into mbed. The
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Sensors oregon scientific and OWL 160 | Zipatoi have 6 sensors orégon scientific (THGR122NX) and OWL CM160 for energy
monitoring . ... +1 I would love to have compatibility with oregon scientific devices.
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By Edward Shore
On August 31, 2016, Brazil’s senate impeached embattled President Dilma Rousseff on charges of concealing budget shortfalls with funds from a federal bank. The vote was merely a formality. The decision of the Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB) to abandon its coalition with Rousseff’s Workers’ Party (PT) had sealed the fate of Brazil’s first female president months ago. Dilma’s ouster took place amid a free falling economy and a jarring corruption scandal involving the state oil company, Petrobras, that has implicated roughly two-thirds of the Brazilian legislature and rocked the foundation of Latin America’s largest democracy. Operação Lava Jato or “Operation Car Wash” is a criminal investigation authorized by the Brazilian Federal Police that began as a money laundering probe but has since widened to investigate politicians and Petrobras executives accused of accepting bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices. Prominent members of every major party are accused of accepting bribes and stashing public funds in secret accounts in Panama and Switzerland. Brazil’s Supreme Court charged Michel Temer, Dilma’s former vice-president and current president of Brazil, with violating campaign finance laws, preventing him from seeking re-election after his term ends in 2018. His disqualification is probably moot. Temer is so unpopular that he chose not to attend the closing ceremonies of the Rio Olympic Games at Maracanã Stadium to avoid angry spectators who jeered and brandished signs calling for his resignation.
While cabinet ministers, legislators, and former presidential candidates are accused of stealing from public coffers, prosecutors have failed to bring similar charges against Rousseff. Many observers allege that her impeachment was a conspiracy to prevent further investigation into the Car Wash scandal and to remove the Workers’ Party from power after thirteen years. They suspect that Dilma’s predecessor and presumptive favorite to win the presidency in 2018, Luiz Ignácio “Lula” Da Silva, was the target of the federal investigators all along. Michel Temer and his all white male cabinet represent a stark repudiation of the PT coalition, an alliance of working people, students, intellectuals, social movement activists, women, and people of color. The administration’s proposal to slash social programs responsible for lifting millions of Brazilians out of poverty has led to violent clashes between police and demonstrators in major cities across the country September 2016. Once again, the poor and vulnerable will pay a heavy price for the sins of Brazil’s political class.
What does the fallout mean for Brazil’s traditional peoples- namely indigenous groups, rubber tappers, and rural black communities descended from fugitive slaves called quilombos? Two weeks before Dilma’s impeachment, I traveled to São Paulo’s Atlantic Rainforest to visit my friends and colleagues at the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), an NGO that defends the social and environmental rights of traditional peoples in Brazil. I attended the Ninth Annual Quilombo Seeds Festival, a farmers’ market and seminar organized by ISA in the heartland of the Ribeira Valley, a region that is home to 88 quilombo communities and the last preserves of endangered species and wildlife in Brazil’s most heavily industrialized state. Each year, farmers and fishermen from the quilombos gather in the town of Eldorado to exchange seeds, roots, crops, livestock, fish, and oysters to promote food security and to defend against cultural loss resulting from environmental restrictions on subsistence farming and the intrusion of mineral companies on their lands.
Dilma’s impending trial cast a shadow over the event. Quilombolas (individuals who identify as quilombo-descendants) feared the ouster of PT would embolden their enemies: corporate farmers, cattle ranchers, and proponents of hydroelectric dams. They also worried that Temer’s government would impose new limitations on quilombos’ constitutional rights to land. Dilma Rousseff was hardly an ardent defender of traditional peoples’ rights. Davi Pereira Júnior, a doctoral student in Latin American Studies at the University of Texas and activist from the quilombo community of Itamatatiua in Maranhão, has criticized Rousseff’s government for “closing its eyes to the assassinations of dozens of quilombo leaders who were killed in cold blood while defending their communities’ rights to land.” During Dilma’s presidency, Brazil fast tracked approval of several hydroelectric dams, including the Belo Monte project in Xingu, Pará, that will displace more than 20,000 people, including indigenous groups like the Juruna and Arara, and destroy 250 square miles of protected rainforest in the Amazon. Her administration also did little to resolve the bureaucratic impasse that has prevented thousands of quilombos from obtaining land and recognition from the government. Still, many acknowledge the situation could get worse. Much worse.
Michel Temer’s government has already curbed traditional peoples’ rights in significant ways. First, his administration axed the Ministry of Culture that previously was in charge of approving communities’ petitions for recognition as quilombo-descendant and stripped responsibility for titling quilombo lands from INCRA, the federal agency in charge of agrarian reform. Now the task of certifying quilombos and conferring land titles falls to the Ministry of Education, which lacks the funds, personnel, or expertise to carry out its responsibilities. “In this political climate, how will our communities obtain recognition? Who will take responsibility? Who is responsible for recognizing our rights?” asked Zé Rodrigues, a leader from Quilombo Ivaporunduva. Temer’s administration has eliminated the Secretary for the Promotion of Racial Equality (SEPPIR), an agency that oversaw public policies to promote education, health care, social services for quilombo communities across the country.
The new government also endorsed PEC 215, a proposed amendment to the constitution that seeks to delegate the Brazilian Congress, dominated by the agribusiness lobby, with the duty of recognizing and demarcating indigenous and quilombola territories. “PEC 215 represents an instrument of repression against original and traditional peoples in Brazil,” affirmed Ewerton Lobório, a human rights lawyer and staffer for Nilto Tatto, a Workers’ Party congressman from São Paulo. “The right wing has seized power by demonizing the poor and enacting legislation that takes away their guaranteed rights.” Temer’s actions have emboldened his ally, Governor Gerardo Alckmin of São Paulo, who signed a bill privatizing São Paulo’s state parks and giving mineral companies a blank check to drill for lead, zinc, and baryte in environmentally sensitive areas used by quilombos and indigenous communities for subsistence farming and fishing. In sum, Temer’s rise to power represents an assault on the hard fought rights and privileges achieved by indigenous communities, Afro-Brazilians, and traditional peoples following the return to democracy in 1985.
How can the academic community express solidarity with traditional peoples’ activists and their allies? I posed the same question on this blog last January and I’m still no closer to arriving at a definitive answer. Still, I’m convinced that the university has a role to play, at the very least, in speaking out against these violations of human rights. One way researchers can help is by organizing workshops and conferences to provide quilombola activists with a platform to publicize their struggle for rights and inclusion. Next February, LLILAS and IHS will be co-sponsoring a conference about food security and quilombos’ ongoing struggle to restore subsistence farming rights in the Atlantic Rainforest. Panelists will include representatives from the Instituto Socioambiental, experts on sustainable agriculture, and quilombola farmers fighting to restore access to subsistence garden plots called “roças.” We hope that the event will enable our guests to forge partnerships with researchers at the University of Texas who are interested in agriculture, sustainability, traditional peoples’ rights, and climate change in tropical rainforests. We also hope to apply pressure on Brazilian authorities to comply with their constitutional obligation to respect the rights of quilombo communities. “What can we do about this?” asked Davi Pereira. “Well, we can do what we’ve always done: fight to defend our rights. These rights are nonnegotiable for they guarantee the social, economic, cultural, political, and religious survival of our communities.”
Author’s note: Brazilian Federal Judge Sergio Moro brought charges against Luiz Ignácio Lula da Silva on September 20, 2016, for alleged involvement in the Car Wash Scandal.
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Video: The Great Gibson Guitar Raid … Months later, still no charges
posted at 3:40 pm on February 23, 2012 by Tina Korbe
Last August, the federal government raided a Gibson Guitar factory and confiscated property worth at least $500,000. What had Gibson Guitars done wrong? They had imported wood from India and failed to follow every “jot and tittle” of the regulatory law … not of the United States, but of India.
Apparently, Gibson used an inappropriate tariff code on the wood. According to Reason.tv, “At issue is not whether the wood in question was endangered, but whether the wood was the correct level of thickness and finish before being exported from India.” In other words, Gibson’s violation had nothing to do with forest preservation.
Thanks to a bureaucratic U.S. law called The Lacey Act, Gibson and other importers can be criminally prosecuted by the U.S. government for violations not only of U.S. regulatory law, but also for violations of other countries’ regulatory laws. The Indian government didn’t see a reason to penalize Gibson — but Gibson’s own government did.
The Lacey Act was originally passed in the early 1900s to prevent illegal trafficking of endangered fish and wildlife, but expanded to include plant life and international trade. Over the years, it was repeatedly amended and became increasingly broader and vaguer. In the process, it turned into a perfect example of the way overregulation leads to overcriminalization.
Reason.tv recently checked in with Gibson CEO Henry Juszkiewicz to see how the case has progressed. Turns out, the DOJ has filed no charges. That means Gibson hasn’t had its day in court to defend itself — and the government still has all that confiscated property.
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SHODAN may have been scary, but she's got nothing on Lucy. The fun-size pocket robot orangutan may now be consigned to Cyberlife Research vault, but the artificial intelligence comprising her virtual brain - which her creators hoped would see her through real-life kindergarten - is of a level of sophistication that makes Looking Glass' amalgam of clever scripting, voice-acting, and cut-scenes look utterly prehistoric. And while she certainly wasn't blessed with SHODAN's looks, either - in all honesty, she looks like a cross between Estelle Getty and Chucky the Lakeshore Strangler - there's little doubt Lucy's probably the better dinner party guest.
This is the case for most, if not all, of the videogames industry's flaccid attempts at AI. Whilst gaming is constantly reaching new graphical frontiers, AI remains a criminally neglected facet of development - despite its importance and potential ability to revolutionise games design. "The majority of what's called 'AI' by games programmers is just logic," Steve Grand, Lucy's chief architect, says, "or simple rules for behaviour. It bears little relationship to the kinds of AI being developed in research labs. And the rest is what's lovingly called 'Good Old-Fashioned AI' by those of us who despise it. If something is acting according to explicit rules then it isn't intelligent. Intelligence is when you make up your own rules, infer them from experience, or choose to break them."
Grand, as you will probably know if you've at least two decades under your belt (hey, remember Milli Vanilli?) is the computer scientist responsible for Creatures, the AI-driven life simulator (and surprise hit) released in its first iteration in 1996. Creatures tasks the player with teaching and guiding little creatures (known as Norns) to maturity and independence. Norns weren't mere Lemmings - they were coded from the genetic level upwards and featured the first example of proper neural network brains in what you could loosely call a videogame. (Grand avoids the term entirely, preferring "simulation".)
Creatures was, in many ways, a revolution. Which is perhaps why you might be able to understand why Grand is so chagrined when it's compared to other simulation-style videogames. "They are trying to mimic the sorts of simulations I do," he explains. "I'm not really interested in computer games - I'm a scientist and I'm interested in what intelligence, life and minds really are. If you just write a simulation that looks on the outside like it's alive, that doesn't actually make it alive or tell you very much about the nature of life. And from a practical perspective it doesn't deliver the goods either - it only ever works up to a point.
"There are two kinds or orders of simulation. If you write equations that behave like an economy, then it's a first-order simulation of an economy and it merely mimics a real economy. If you write equations that behave like little people who can trade with each other, you have only mimicked those people. But if the pretend people then start to trade and the end result behaves like an economy, then this is a second-order simulation and there is an important sense in which the result really is an economy. It's also more likely to reflect reality than the simpler model, because you often get a lot of features for free."
To date, though, most developers opt for the easier option; beyond cost considerations, the general consensus seems to be that players only really want to be entertained, and won't bother prodding the simulation to breaking point if it requires too much thought. "And as a result," Grand continues, "games have reinforced the idea that intelligence is directly related to logic and that human behaviour is comparatively easily reduced to simple IF/THEN constructs. And people are easily fooled, up to a point. If you make something that looks spectacularly like a duck, using the best pixel shaders for feathers and translucency, and then you program it to quack every now and then, it's surprisingly easy for people to assume you've made a duck. I would prefer people to understand just how complex, astounding and sublime natural intelligence really is, and game AI tends to give the wrong impression."
In many cases, that's not such a big deal - after all, the complexity and beauty of a duck's natural intelligence is a suborder consideration when you're gunning over its spine in Gran Turismo. But Spore brought the issues of AI and life simulation back to the fore. Spore, after all, was fun, but it was a somewhat Fisher Price version of life simulation, and disappointed critics and gamers who felt the pre-release hype was hinting at a more complex game.
Interestingly, Grand was developing Simbiosis at roughly the same time. It was broadly similar to Spore in thrust, but his project looked a lot more like what the disenfranchised aforementioned had envisioned than Maxis' game. "I met Will Wright just before I started Creatures," Grand recalls, "and so I knew he thought in a very similar way to me, and liked creating emergent simulations. So, all the time, while I was developing Simbiosis by myself, I was terrified of what Will was going to achieve with dozens of programmers and artists. But in the end it seems like Spore is more of a mimic of life than an implementation of it."
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According to the Center for International Environmental Law (CIEL), ClientEarth and Friends of the Earth Germany (BUND)- the NGOs behind the "nano patch" proposal said to be backed by several EU members: “The loopholes make REACH virtually useless for assessing and regulating nanomaterials."
REACH is responsible for addressing the safety risks of nanomaterials and ensuring that adverse effects from their use are minimised, while also evaluating and validating data submitted, and providing knowledge on the technology.
In 2010, its first communication concluded that; "Knowledge on essential questions such as characterisation of nanomaterials, their hazards,exposure, risk assessment and risk management should be improved."
While a second, published last month similarly announced that: "Important challenges relate primarily to establishing validated methods and instrumentation for detection, characterization, and analysis, completing information on hazards of nanomaterials and developing methods to assess exposure to nanomaterials."
To this, David Azoulay of CIEL told CosmeticsDesign-Europe.com that there is still “no evidence that the knowledge gap around nanomaterials has been filled or that the implementation of these instruments has been adapted to address the risk from nanomaterials.”
And that the current legislation provides “virtually no information whatsoever to regulators, let alone the public, on hazards, uses and risk management measures relating to nanomaterials.”
Thus, Azoulay and his collegues are calling for nanomaterials to be considered distinct from their counterparts above the nanoscale and suggests substantially lower volume thresholds for registration of substances at the nanoscale.
"If this legislation were adopted, it would set common principles for the regulation of nanomaterials and complement existing regulations to make them 'nano fit', particularly REACH, as the cornerstone of EU chemical regulations," he explains.
Azoulay further reveals that various industries have been waiting since 2008 for the Commission to publish its opinion on nanomaterial regulation, and that last month, although meeting its deadline, revealed only minor amendments to REACH annexes.
“If we are serious about addressing the potential risks of nanomaterials, we must close these loopholes, and our proposal suggests how it can be done."
Meanwhile, Vito Buonsante of ClientEarth adds that "Although the Commission admitted the failure of existing legislation to provide data on nanomaterials, it confirmed its reluctance to act to remove the obstacles to the effective protection of EU citizens by refusing to consider the necessary adaptation of the regulation."
Azoulay concludes by telling this publication that the NGOs are awaiting an official response after pitching the idea back in April. "They have declared that they will review the proposal and get in touch with a decision. If they reject the idea, - come 2018 we feel the same issues will still remain and it will be well into 2020 by the time we see any changes."
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University of Namibia
University description (as per official university website)
The University of Namibia (UNAM) is a leading public, higher education institution in the country. With a student population of close to 13,000 students each year, academic programmes at the University emanate from eight faculties and two schools. These are: the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Faculty of Economics and Management Science; Faculty of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; Faculty of Law; Faculty of Health Sciences, consisting of the School of Nursing and Public Health and the School of Medicine; and the Faculty of Science. These young yet dynamic and committed faculties and competent administrative support staff has earned UNAM a ranking of being one the top African Universities. During 2006, UNAM was rated as the best higher education institution in Namibia by the Professional Management Review of South Africa and won a Golden Arrow Award. The previous year a Geneva based Foundation for Excellence in Business Practice nominated UNAM to be the recipient of the Foundationís Gold Medal for Excellence in Business Practice. To date UNAM has graduated over 17,000 students who are serving the country in various sectors of the economy with most occupying prominent positions in government and the private sector.
Some Key Facts about UNAM:
10 Campuses Nationwide
Distance Education (CES)
Over 13 000 Students
Over 17 000 Graduates
122 PhD Holders
288 Lecturers (Master Degree Holders)
36 Undergraduate Degrees Offered
19 Master Degrees Offered
12 Doctoral Degrees (PhDs) Offered
The Vision of the University of Namibia as the national university is to engage with society in the creation and dissemination of knowledge, through teaching, research and advisory services, and a commitment to lifelong learning; thereby becoming a treasure house of knowledge at the service of national development, and available to all in forms directly relevant to the improvement of the quality of their lives.
The Mission Statement of the University of Namibia is to engage in socially and nationally relevant, academic and technical training, research and educational programmes with the involvement of all stakeholders in a conducive environment for learning, innovation, knowledge creation, professional development, functional skills development and development related competencies, within the cultural context of the Namibian people.In order to achieve this Mission, the University of Namibia is committed to the following operational principles. These are to:
Continue to develop the University as a leading national institution and a major contributor to nation building, and gives high priority to applied research across a broad spectrum of relevant fields and encourages inter-disciplinary approaches to the resolution of real-world problems;
Cultivate standards of excellence in teaching, research, and all functions of UNAM, through encouraging constructive criticism, constant self-improvement, self-evaluation, and peer assessment.
Make the University services, expertise, skills, scholarly leadership, and facilities, accessible those who are like to benefit from them, regardless of race, colour, gender, ethnic origin, religion, creed, political affiliation, physical conditions, social and economic status.
Safeguard and promote the principle of University autonomy, with the view to providing an appropriate atmosphere and opportunities for UNAMís scholars to develop their highest intellectual potential.
Serve as a repository for the preservation, development and articulation of national values and culture, through the promotion of Namibian history, art and languages.
Undertake basic and applied research, with a view to contributing to the social, economic, cultural and political development of Namibia.
Encourage endogenous development and application of science and technology.
Provide advisory, consultancy, and extension services throughout the country, with the view to promote community education and appropriate know-how, thus enhancing Namibiaís productivity and socio-economic development; and to
Promote national and regional unity and understanding.
The University of Namibia (UNAM) was established by an Act of Parliament on August 31, 1992 as recommended by a Commission on Higher Education. Thus, a unique confluence bound the birth of the new nation in 1990 with that of the University of Namibia.
In accordance with the National Development Plans (NDP 1&2), Vision 2030, and indeed informed by its motto: "Education, Service, Development", the University's programmes are designed to meet national human resource requirements through quality teaching, research, consultancy and community service.
The Founding Chancellor of the University and Father of the Namibian Nation, H.E. Dr. Sam Nujoma declared his vision of UNAM at inception as Ďa centre of higher learning served by dedicated men and women of quality, and producing graduates to uplift the standards of living of Namibian people.í
Academic programmes at UNAM emanate from eight faculties and two schools which are: Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources; Faculty of Economics and Management Science; Faculty of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences; Faculty of Law; Faculty of Health Sciences, consisting of the School of Nursing and Public Health and the School of Medicine; and the Faculty of Science. To meet the educational needs of a diverse nation, UNAM has 10 campuses and nine regional centres country-wide, the latter which are managed by the Centre for External Studies, the distance education unit of the University.
The University of Namibia consists of the following campuses:
Windhoek Main Campus
Henties Bay Campus (SANUMARC)
Katima Mulilo Campus
Hifikepunye Pohamba Campus
Ongwediva Engineering Campus
Through its highly competent and dedicated staff and quality infrastructure, the University has been serving the nation in various ways, and is contributing significantly to national reconstruction and development. The University of Namibia continues to work to ensure that it is acknowledged as a higher institution of choice for students as well as a sought after reservoir of expertise for business and industry both locally and internationally.
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In 2011, the photographer Richard Misrach saw experimental composer and performance artist Guillermo Galindo play a five-minute composition using instruments made from migrants’ discarded belongings found near the US-Mexico border. The performance gave Misrach chills — and not just because he was moved by the music. Since 2009, the acclaimed Berkeley photographer, known internationally for his large-scale landscapes of the American West, had been focusing his lens on the 2,000 miles that run between the United States and its southern neighbor. Galindo’s ingenious instruments immediately reminded Misrach of similarly haunting objects that he had captured on film.
In the Southern California desert, Misrach had stumbled across agave sticks clothed with migrants’ discarded sweatshirts, pants, shoes, and hats. Clustered in arroyos and canyons, these human effigies eluded explanation. “I didn’t know if they were some artist’s project, or if they were warnings to migrants coming over the border, or protests against the Border Patrol,” said Misrach. Those desert scarecrows, along with the increased militarization of the border, prompted the artist to begin photographing the region and the objects he found there.
As Misrach listened to Galindo’s performance, he thought, “God, this has resonance.” Soon, a powerful collaboration was born: Misrach would continue to photograph the border’s towns, walls, and wilderness, and would send objects back to Galindo to transform into more instruments in his Oakland studio. The result of their artistic partnership, Border Cantos, is currently on view at the San Jose Museum of Art through July 31. You will not find photos of migrants slogging through arid landscapes in the show, nor people wading through the Rio Grande with black trash bags in tow. In fact, you won’t see many people at all. Instead, the exhibit, like the work that brought the two artists together, uses the disembodied evidence of migration to evoke the border’s human toll.
Back in 2004, before he seriously turned his attention to the region, the first border-related object that caught Misrach’s imagination was a blue barrel with the word “agua” stenciled on it in white letters. He photographed the barrel in its dusty, barren landscape. Next to it, what remains of a disintegrating blue flag hangs onto a thin pole. It wasn’t until years later that he learned that the barrel was one of many bottled water stations that humanitarian organizations have installed along more than 250-square-miles of the border. The large format photo opens the show in the main gallery. The work is life-size and so vivid that it seems possible to approach the barrel for a drink.
In a nearby outdoor space, Galindo has taken one of these water tanks and created a sculpture titled “Fuente de Lagrimas,” or “Fountain of Tears,” in reference to water stations that have been shot by vigilantes and Border Patrol agents. Plastic tubes protrude from holes in the barrel’s sides. Water drops thrum on a sheet of metal below. The sound resembles that of rain on a rooftop or a crowd of people running.
Much of the exhibit intentionally steers clear of standard photojournalism tropes, and instead uses beauty — both visual and auditory — to stop visitors in their tracks. Striking photos of the wall hang in the main room. Vast portraits of Corten steel walls curve like arched Richard Serra sculptures as they weigh on the backs of rolling hills or cut smooth lines through an expanse of chaparral. In another, a grid of photographs document the wide range of items that Misrach finds on the ground near the border, from treasured items to trash: rusted tuna cans, a child’s tennis shoe, an old letterpress edition of Doctor Zhivago in Spanish, a child’s bible engraved with a heart, girl’s tweezers.
“Every single one of these personal belongings has an incredible story of a human being. The journey that they took is all embedded in there, but there is no way that you can actually transcribe that,” said Misrach. “What we’re trying to do is evoke a different way to experience the border and to think about it. More of a meditation, if you will.”
If Misrach is attempting to slow people down with the formal beauty of his images, Galindo goes even further with his site-specific sound installation, “Sonic Borders,” located in a gallery across from the main space. Based off of the Aztec’s Venus calendar, which is 260 days long, the composition is four hours and twenty minutes long, or 260 minutes.
“The composition invites people on a journey,” explains Galindo. “And the time each person spends in the gallery is their own journey. … It’s designed for that. It’s the experience of the migrant.”
The room holds eight instruments that Galindo built to play the piece. In one corner, sits a wooden drum, carved to resemble a mountain pass and to sound like a teponaztli, or Aztec slit drum. Another instrument makes use of a variety of detritus, including metal cans, a plastic cup, glass bottles, piano keys, and Border Patrol ammunition boxes. In another corner, plastic water jugs filled with gravel act as rattles when shaken.
“In my photographs, those personal belongings are just objects on the ground,” said Misrach. “Then Guillermo takes them, and suddenly sound is coaxed from them. It’s a transformative process for the imagination.”
In a year of heated political rhetoric and demands to build a wall along the entire length of the border, the exhibit feels particularly timely. “In general, the politicians who are talking about this — on both sides — are just using the issue as a football, throwing it to one another just to gain power and votes,” said Galindo. “But as artists, we have the fortune of being able to speak in another language.”
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10 Ways to Minimize Drivetrain Friction
Much of the data in this document was referenced from previous Friction Facts tests. Tests are typically performed at 250W rider output. In most cases, the watt-savings values listed below will increase with increased rider output. I.e., if you are a 400 watt rider, the watts you will save are higher than the referenced numbers, increasing typically in a linear fashion.
POWER SAVING TOP-PERFORMING PRODUCTS (comparing best to worst):
6+ Watts Savings: Use a top-performing chain lubricant/coating. Test results show a 4+ watt efficiency difference between the most efficient and least efficient chain lubes. The top performing liquid chain lubricant is UFO Drip, which consumes 3.78W. The worst performing liquid chain lubricant consumes more than 9 watts.
6+ Watts Savings: Use a dedicated factory-prepped race chain. UFO Chains test faster than any liquid user-applied lubricants and coatings. Granted, UFO factory-prepped chains are more expensive than user-applied lubes/coating, yet UFO chains are the lowest friction option when it comes to chains.
3 Watts Savings: Upgrade to an oversized pulley wheel system (OSPW). The CeramicSpeed OSPW will save a minimum of 2.4 watts when compared to a stock Dura Ace setup with 11T pulleys.
Alternative 1.3 Watts Savings Pulley Option: Leave the stock cage as-is and upgrade the 11T pulleys. Test results show a 1.34 watt efficiency difference between the most efficient and least efficient 11T pulleys. A set of CeramicSpeed 11T pulleys consume only 0.033 watts of energy.
5+ Watts Savings: Replace stock bearing grease with a high performance specialty grease, such as CeramicSpeed TT Grease, at a 25% fill level in the hub and bottom bracket bearings. Thicker and tackier grease can have a significant effect on frictional losses of bearings.
1.8 Watts Savings: Upgrade to a top-performing bottom bracket. CeramicSpeed Bottom Brackets, on average, consume under 0.40 watts per pair.
5+ Watts Savings: Upgrade to top-performing wheel/hub bearings. Wheel bearings spin at 4-5 times the RPM of bottom bracket bearings. Wheel/hub bearing selection will have a pronounced effect on the overall watt savings. CeramicSpeed hub bearings (depending on model), will average about one watt of energy consumption per set.
POWER SAVING PRACTICES:
4 Watt Savings: Clean and lubricate your chain prior to a race. This simple practice sounds like a no-brainer, yet not cleaning and lubing can substantially increase friction in your drivetrain. Testing shows contaminant pick-up during normal clean-conditions road riding, when using a wet-style chain lubricant, can add upwards of 4 watts of friction to a chain during the ride. If you choose to use a wet-style lubricant, the chain should be cleaned and re-lubed after every ride to minimize friction. Alternatively, use of a dry-type coating such as UFO Drip will minimize the amount of contamination pick-up, and minimize the amount of friction increase during a ride. The total frictional losses are ultimately dependent on the brand of lube, style of lube, and specific riding conditions. If it is not possible to clean your chain prior to a race, at a minimum, apply a fresh coat of lubricant/coating.
3 Watt Savings: Do not ride with the chain in the small ring/small cog combination. It is better to stay in the big ring in general – but not all the way to the largest cog. Use the big ring for the first lower two-thirds of the cog. After the 8thcog, then drop into the small front ring.
2 Watt Savings: Replace a worn chain. Test results show an average of 2.02 watt increase in chain friction with every 1% of chain elongation. Data shows that the frictional losses of the drivetrain are predominantly dependent upon the worn chain itself, whereas the wear level of the ring/cogs has a much less significant effect on frictional losses.
1 Watt Savings: Never race on a new chain. Test results show an average decrease of 0.75 watts of friction simply by breaking-in a new chain. This gain is due to the sliding surfaces of the chain becoming polished, decreasing the microscopic asperities (surface roughness) found on the pin and plate shoulder surfaces. A minimum of one hour of break-in prior to a race will provide a measurable efficiency gain. (UFO Chains are pre-broken in at the factory to take care of this step).
Remove the factory lube and re-lube with top a top-performing aftermarket chain lube/coating.The efficiency of the grease that comes from the factory on a new chain varies greatly. Test results show some factory lubes have higher frictional losses than any aftermarket lube. Additionally, test results show that no factory lube is as efficient as top performing aftermarket lubes. Suggested practice- Break in a new chain (with factory lube still applied) for 2 hours. Then strip completely to bare metal, and coat with UFO Drip. This will create a fresh base layer of the coating adhering to the bare metal.
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Let’s say you receive a Facebook message from a friend with news that your favorite football team is moving to another state. He tells you he read it on a blog you know about. If you’re an average 21st-century American, chances are you’ll believe it, and you won’t even bother to verify it.
When it comes to getting your news, that makes you a lot like a 17th-century Briton. In a paper in the Huntington Library Quarterly, UC Santa Barbara scholar Rachael Scarborough King explores the emergence of the news media nearly four centuries ago and the key role that manuscript newsletters — hand-written correspondence filled with third-party news and tidbits — played before printed newspapers dominated the scene.
“So much of the news we get is being recommended by people we know and it’s sort of a different model of news, of how you access your news and how you authenticate it,” said King, an assistant professor of English at UCSB. Before the rise of Facebook and other online sources, she noted, “Everyone got their news from this very top-down source. Here it seems like we’re returning to this model of trusting the person who told you the news on a more personal level, or at least shared the news in the case of Facebook.”
When the first broadsheet newspaper, the London Gazette, appeared in 1665, most people got their news from professional, mass-produced manuscript newsletters. Conventional wisdom held that the Gazette marked the end of newsletters and the ascendance of print newspapers. King, however, argues that newsletters remained the dominant media for at least the first century after the Gazette’s publication. Rather than replace newsletters, she said, printed media relied on them for content while newspapers evolved into the objective fact-gathering publications with which we’re familiar.
“Part of what I’m trying to show is that readers at the time really didn’t think of major newsletters as necessarily less public, more private or more secret than printed newspapers,” King explained. “There was more of a back and forth between the two. The newsletters might copy items out of the newspaper. So rather than one being overtaken by the other or one becoming the more outmoded form, what I’m seeing is this more protracted ongoing negotiation between the two in the early years of the newspaper.”
One advantage newsletters had over printed media at the time was the ability to deliver “breaking” news: the people who copied newsletters — up to 500 at a time — could include new items up to the time they were sent to the post office, King noted. “Whereas if you’re printing a newspaper,” she said, “you have to set the type and then print it, so there’s a little more of a lag there.”
After decades of a kind of symbiosis between newsletters and print media, readers eventually settled on newspapers as the medium of choice. “People decided that whatever benefits there might be from being able to update it quickly and being able to personalize it a little bit,” King said, “were outweighed by the benefits of being able to print thousands of copies at once. In the mid- to later-18th century, once newspapers really take off and are being printed in much larger numbers, at that point newsletters can’t really keep up.”
Today, surveys suggest the public’s news consumption looks a lot more like the heyday of the newsletter. According to the Pew Research Center, 38 percent of Americans get their news online, primarily from social media. Is the past prologue?
“I’m not sure I’m able to make any predictions about where the media is going based on this kind of historical parallel, but certainly this shift to so much news being on Facebook and being accessed in more personalized ways has happened really quickly,” King noted. “It has been a moment when people are thinking about how we access news and whether these new media systems are working or whether they’re changing things in negative ways.”
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Remember the talk of datacenters-in-containers last year and earlier? Google were even tipped to have patented the idea; now, though, a datacenter is simply too large to be fashionable, hence Dell’s datacenter-in-a-briefcase. To be fair, it’s not quite the briefcase you might take on your daily commute – think 40lb toolcase instead – but that’s still good enough to impress GigaOm.
Video demo after the cut
The device isn’t actually the official work of Dell; it’s actually the self-made prototype of one of the company’s engineers, Jimmy Pike, director of system architecture at Dell’s Data Center Solutions division, and he put it together in his garage. He squeezed two servers into the box, each with dual-core 2.5GHz Intel Harpertown processors, along with 32GB of memory, 4TB of disk space for storage, a handful of SSDs for system files, a PSU and a 5-port gigabit ethernet switch.
According to Pike, the system – which requires a reasonable 325W – is perfect for use as a DNS server or a data center for a small business, and he himself uses it to prototype for custom servers for Dell’s commercial clients. He reckons you could build your own for around $2,000; more details in the video below.
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Bitcoin Price History
We have a number of asset classes to invest in or store value. Don’t we? But Bitcoin has its unique craze among people. Bitcoin was introduced to the world in 2018 by Satoshi Nakomoto, who to date remains anonymous. Recently, Bitcoin celebrated its 13th birthday, the oldest of all cryptocurrencies.
Among all assets, Bitcoin had the most volatile trading history. Initially, Bitcoin was worth $0, and the first price surge happened in 2010 when the price hopped from a fraction of a penny to $0.09.
Bitcoin Historical Price
The factor that determines the price of every crypto asset is its market emotion or investor enthusiasm. When investors are satisfied with a coin’s promise, the price goes uptrend. The main motto of Bitcoin was to become the ideal solution to circumvent traditional financial systems after 2008’s economic collapse. Since then, Bitcoin has served its purpose as a medium of exchange and store of value.
Bitcoin gained its mainstream traction because it allows traders to bet against its price changes and hedge against inflation. Traders and retail investors bet on its ever-increasing price without much grounding in reason or facts behind price escalation. According to them, Bitcoin investments just hold a lot of merits.
The cryptocurrency market is much more stable and mature as the regulatory agencies craft rules specifically for them. As a result, Bitcoin is no more a tool to speculate quick profits but a part of the mainstream economy.
- 2009 — Bitcoin’s price was Zero
- July 17, 2010 — BTC price jumped from 0 to $0.09
- April 13, 2011 — Bitcoin was sold at $1.0
- June 7, 2011 — In a matter of three months, BTC rose by 2,960%, priced at $29.60
- April 8, 2012 — Though 2012 turned out to be an uneventful year for Bitcoin, it reached $230
- July 4, 2012 — The price again dropped to $68.50
- December 2012 — BTC spiked to $1237.55 and dropped to $687.02 in just three days.
- Bitcoin’s prices slumped through 2014 and touched $315.21 at the start of 2015.8
Bitcoin price From 2016
This has been the golden era for Bitcoin and rooted in the origin of other cryptocurrencies. At the end of 2016, Bitcoin was at $900. In 2017, Bitcoin’s price jumped to $1,000, and in the mid-year, it hovered over $2,000, grabbing the attention of every investor. Finally, on December 15, 2017, Bitcoin’s price surged to $19,345.49, making other entities create cryptocurrencies to head on compete with Bitcoin.
2018 and 2019 have been average years for Bitcoin, with inevitable ups and downs in the price owing to some activity bursts. For example, in 2020, Bitcoin started low due to the global pandemic, and in Dec 2020, the price went up to $29,000 with a huge rise of 416%.
By the summer of 2021, prices were down by 50%, hitting $29,795.55 at the lowest on July 19. Autumn saw another bull run in September, with prices scraping $52,693.32, but a significant drawdown took it to $40,709.59 about two weeks later.
Factors Influencing Bitcoin Price
Almost every asset, including fiat currencies, does not have a value when created. The price of any asset is a matter of perceived value and is based on a demand-supply curve. For instance, USD has its value because people believe it is worth a specific amount, and the same goes for Bitcoin. People pay a particular amount to buy Bitcoin if they think its value will increase.
The significant reason behind Bitcoin’s success is its limited supply. The total supply of Bitcoin in circulation will never exceed 21 million. The more Bitcoin in circulation, the higher its price will be due to the difficulty in mining while the demand remains the same.
Bitcoin mining rate is the rate at which Bitcoins are created. There is another concept called Bitcoin halving, i.e., the mining rate splits in half every four years. This will reduce the rate at which Bitcoin is let into circulation. As the supply rate decreases, Bitcoin’s price will be increasing as the supply is not so high to meet the demand. Fall in price happens only when demand reduces as the popularity wanes.
Bitcoin has been the most used crypto asset as a medium of transaction and store of value by crypto enthusiasts and the general public worldwide. The traders, investors, and brokers created various derivates (financial instruments that derive their value from Bitcoin) that influence Bitcoin’s price further. Investment product hype, speculation, irrational exuberance, and investors’ fear or panic have also proven to control Bitcoin’s price.
Do Altcoins impact Bitcoin’s price?
Of course, they do. Recently, the digital world has experienced the advent of several cryptocurrencies that have been accepted by regulators, merchants, and institutors as modes of payment. This elicited the mindset that Bitcoin has alternatives when it comes to the store of value and medium of exchange. Even still believe that altcoins will perform better than Bitcoin in a few years, making market sentiments go against Bitcoin, adversely affecting Bitcoin’s price.
Is Bitcoin Mining still profitable?
Mining is the only way to earn crypto assets without spending a penny. Bitcoins are offered as rewards for completing blocks of verified transactions by validators, then added to the Bitcoin blockchain. Though mining seemed easy back in those days, with increased network congestion and utility of Bitcoin, the miners required a lot of time and processing power to carry out mining. Miners have to solve complex hashing puzzles to be chosen as the subsequent validators. In addition, miners require either an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or GPU to set up a mining rig.
Mining difficulty is not the same for every miner. It changes with the processing power and available energy resources. Currently, the average time to find a block is 10 minutes. Considering mining’s huge impact on the environment, numerous alternative DeFi protocols let anyone earn from crypto.
Bitcoin reaches $50,000! Should I sell? | Blockscribers
Bitcoin's price has always been a roller coaster ride. Here is its road to $50,000 in a month. I know there are people…
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Industrial Manufacturing Environmental Assessment and Management
Environmental assessment and management services from SGS will help you to minimize your environmental impact and enhance your business reputation and operational efficiency.
- +41 22 739 91 11
An environmental assessment identifies potential future hazards and challenges to decrease your adverse impact on your local environment. By examining scenarios and anticipating future challenges, an environmental risk assessment will ensure you have integrated and budgeted for all possibilities for the future of your site. It will also help you to deal immediately with existing problems such as sources of pollution, thereby avoiding expensive remediation at a later stage.
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A set of instructional pages written in an easy-to-understand language and complemented by graphics and Check Your Understanding sections. An ideal starting location for those grasping for understanding or searching for answers.
This newest section of our site includes a rapidly growing collection of HTML5 interactive physics applications. Designed for tablets such as the iPad and for Chromebooks, this user-friendly section is filled with skill-building exercises, physics simulations, and game-like challenges.
A large collection of GIF animations and QuickTime movies designed to demonstrate physics principles in a visual manner. Each animation is accompanied by explanations and links to further information.
A collection of pages which feature interactive Shockwave files that simulate a physical situation. Users can manipulate a variable and observe the outcome of the change on the physical situation.
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Water should be clean and as pure as possible. In both soil and hydro applications, you want to remove the junk in our tap water as much as possible. Spring water or well water, while “natural” and healthy for us, contains more dissolved solids than tap water. Tap water contains sodium, chlorine, fluoride, and other things that can interfere with nutrients, sometimes locking out essential nutrients by binding with them and not allowing root absorption. Clean water is essential.
Use a Small Boy or an RO system to clean your water. A Reverse Osmosis machine removes practically everything from the water, rendering it with a ppm reading around zero. The drawbacks to an RO machine is that it is very slow, requiring hours to get a usable quantity, and about 1/3 or more of the water becomes unusable wastewater which must be discarded. Basically, an RO machine runs water through two filters, and then forces the H2O molecules through a membrane that only allows molecules of that size to pass through. The drawbacks are the slowness, the waste, and the expense of replacing a membrane, as well as the initial cost of the machine itself.
A Small Boy cleans with two filters, removing chlorine and other solids fairly well. The ppm will not measure at zero, but should be around 125 or so. It is fast (1 gallon per minute) and has no wastewater. I have found that this level of cleaning is sufficient for both soil and hydro applications. The machine is reasonably priced and runs 3,000 gallons before a filter change is needed. The filters are inexpensive. A new liquid product you just add to your water will remove chlorine and clorimides, as well as heavy metals.
Water temperature is vital. Tap water, even after being run through a cleaning machine, is usually around 55 degrees. The water must be warmed to room temperature, either by letting it sit out or by adding cleaned hot water until a temperature around 70 degrees is reached. Roots react very badly to cold temperatures, often shutting down until a proper temperature is reached. Too warm, and you run the risk of rotting your plants. This will interrupt your grow, extending the time and reducing the harvest size and quality.
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Université de Genéve, CH
Quantum correlations in Newtonian space and time: arbitrarily fast communication or nonlocality
Experimental violations of Bell inequalities using space-like separated measurements precludes the explanation of quantum correlations through causal influences propagating at subluminal speed. Yet, “everything looks as if the two parties somehow communicate behind the scene“. We investigate the assumption that they do so at a speed faster than light, though finite. Such an assumption doesn’t respect the spirit of Einstein relativity. However, it is not crystal clear that such “communication behind the scene“ would contradict relativity. Indeed, one could imagine that this communication remains for ever hidden to humans, i.e. that it could not be controlled by humans, only Nature exploits it to produce correlations that can’t be explained by usual common causes. To define faster than light hidden communication requires a universal privileged reference frame in which this faster than light speed is defined. Again, such a universal privileged frame is not in the spirit of relativity, but it is also clearly not in contradiction: for example the reference frame in which the cosmic microwave background radiation is isotropic defines such a privileged frame. Hence, a priori, a hidden communication explanation is not more surprising than nonlocality.
We prove that for any finite speed, such models predict correlations that can be exploited for faster-than-light communication. This superluminal communication doesn’t require access to any hidden physical quantities, but only the manipulation of measurement devices at the level of our present-day description of quantum experiments. Consequently, all possible explanations of quantum correlations that satisfy the principle of continuity, which states that everything propagates gradually and continuously through space and time, or in other words, all combination of local common causes and direct causes that reproduce quantum correlations, lead to faster than light communication. Accordingly, either there is superluminal communication or the conclusion that Nature is nonlocal (i.e. discontinuous) is unavoidable [Nature Physics 8, 867-70, 2012; arXiv:1210.7308].
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https://www.emqm15.org/presentations/speaker-presentations/nicolas-gisin/
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The German Emigration Center, which received the European Museum of the Year Award in 2007, traces the history of the more than seven million people who emigrated overseas from Bremerhaven.
Interactive exhibition rooms, sound installations and state-of-the-art museum technology take you on a fascinating journey through the history of migration. Every visitor is given a selected emigrant biography to accompany them on this historical tour, from people saying farewell to their homes and conditions onboard to beginning their new lives in the USA, Argentina or Brazil.
Dve uporabni bližnjici za povečavo v brskalniku:
Dodatna pomoč vam je na voljo pri ponudniku brskalnika. Do nje dostopate s klikom na ikono:
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What does it take to accomplish those really BIG goals?
Well, let’s see! To accomplish those big goals it takes strategic planning with built in milestones and deadlines. It also takes regular progress assessment and fine tuning. But most of all, achieving those really significant goals requires that you take consistent, focused action, while maintaining unstoppable determination.
And what is it that fuels your ability to keep taking action and to maintain your determination? Thinks about it, because this is the hard part. Isn’t it true that to keep going we also need a constant source of motivation and inspiration?
Even when we start out with the best of intentions, it’s easy to see why so many important goals never get accomplished. Clearly, there’s a lot more to realizing your dreams and goals than most people realize.
Enter the Goals Guy!
With good reason, Gary Ryan Blair is known worldwide as the Goals Guy. Not only has he coached fortune 500 companies like FedEx, Verizon, and Disney, but his program has delivered impressive results for more than 421,000 people in over 80 countries around the world. He is definitely the go to guy when it come to achieving goals.
On average, I personally use the 100 Day challenge once or twice a year to stay motivated and to power through those really big goals. I love the way it helps me stay focused and motivated. When I need serious results fast, I use this program.
100 Day Challenge – a big program for big results
Beginning with day 1, you’ll be challenged to get focused on where you want to go, and to keep doing whatever it takes to get there. From the planning stage to to the finish line, you’ll stay motivated and inspired with daily videos, goal achievement skills and tips, and progress reviews. You’ll learn to analyze your progress, fine tune your approach, and identify shortcuts.
If you stay with it and actually do the program, you’ll make more progress than you ever imagined, and you will do it faster than you ever thought possible. But in all fairness, I need to mention that this program is not right for everyone.
Is the 100 Day Challenge right for you?
Ask yourself these three questions.
1) Am I really serious about accomplishing something big? 2) Would I benefit from a following a proven goal achievement process?
3) Could I use some help staying focused and motivated?
If you answered yes one or more of these questions, then you are probably a good fit for this program.
If you are sick of falling short of your goals and are determined not to let anything get in your way, the 100 Day challenge could be the perfect vehicle to propel you to the finish line and the successful realization your big goals.
However, if you’re not ready to go for it in a big way, then you are probably not ready for this level of achievement just yet. This is a serious program for those who want serious results and are willing to put out the effort to make it happen.
How registration works and why it matters
The 100 Day Challenge is only available 4-6 times per year, but that can work to your advantage and here’s why. About 2 weeks before he opens registration, Gary releases some incredible free training. That means you can get on the waiting list and receive this training before you decide whether or not to actually do the program.
This free training is so valuable, that I think everyone who wants to accomplish big goals should sign up for it. Seriously, this is quality training that will leave you feeling totally empowered and motivated, and it won’t cost you a thing.
Check it out and decide for yourself
OK, I like the 100 Day Challenge, but I can’t say whether or not it’s right for you. That’s your call, not mine. What I suggest is that you check out the site, watch the short video, and seriously consider signing up for his free training.
Once you’ve experienced that, you will be in the perfect position to decide if you are really ready to turn those big, life changing goals into a reality. So, here’s the link to watch Gary’s introductory video presentation and to see what you think.
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Types of Anemia
There are several other different types of anemia, each with a specific cause and treatment such as the following:
This type of anemia develops when RBCs are destroyed faster than the rate of their replacement by bone marrow. The destruction of RBCs is known as hemolysis. The two main types of HA HA are inherited and acquired. Inherited HA is passed from parent to child whereas, in acquired HA, the person develops the condition due to a secondary cause. Hemolytic anemia can begin rapidly or develop gradually and can range from mild-to-severe. The diagnosis is based on the presence of anemia, signs of hemolysis with reticulocytosis, low haptoglobin, increased lactate dehydrogenase and indirect bilirubin and a positive direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test).1
- Blood transfusion in presence of severe anemia.
- Steroid therapy for severe immune-related HA.
- Splenectomy can be helpful if extravascular hemolysis (where most of the RBCs are destroyed in the spleen) is predominant.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a point mutation leading to a substitution of amino acid valine for glutamic acid in the sixth position of the beta chain of hemoglobin. This mutation results in the production of structurally abnormal hemoglobin, called HbS. The abnormal HbS clusters together, distorting the RBCs into sickled shapes. These deformed and rigid RBCs get trapped within small blood vessels and block them, thus producing pain and eventually damaging organs supplied by these vessels.
Although there is no cure for SCA, a combination of fluids, painkillers, antibiotics and transfusions are used to treat symptoms and complications. Bone marrow transplant is the only potential cure for SCA. Nevertheless, very few people have a suitable donor for transplant.
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare, inherited blood disorder that leads to bone marrow failure. Characteristic features include the progressive developmentof bone marrow failure and an increased predispositionto malignancy.Affected individuals may also have oneor more congenital or developmental abnormalities including abnormalskin pigmentation (café au lait spots), skeletal(radial ray anomalies), genitourinary (horseshoe kidney),and gastrointestinal (duodenal atresia) abnormalities.The majority of FA patients present towardsthe end of their first decade of life.
The average life span for people who have FA is between 20 and 30 years. Many patients eventually develop acute myelogenous leukemia. Although bone marrow transplants can restore blood counts, people with FA are still more likely to get several types of cancers.
Anemia Associated with Bone Marrow Disease
Bone marrow disease often leads to different kinds of anemia that affect some or all types of blood cells. A variety of diseases such as leukemia and myelodysplasia can cause anemia by affecting blood production in the marrow. The effects of these types of cancer and cancer-like disorders may vary from a mild variation in blood production to a complete, life-threatening cessation of the process.
Written by: healthplus24 team
Date last modified: July 04, 2011
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Nap transitions: a quick overview
Nap transitions tend to happen fairly quickly in the first 12 months of your baby’s life. He or she will transition from 5 or 6 naps each day to just 2 naps in his first year. Within the next half year, at some point between 14-18 months of age, your toddler will transition from 2 naps to only 1 per day.
The age for kids to stop napping varies enormously. Some toddlers stop napping by age 2-3, while other kids will continue to nap until the age of 5. However, the average age for kids to stop napping is sometime between age 3 and 4.
For some toddlers around a certain age, daytime naps become the enemy. You might feel this is your child’s way of letting you know that they’re ready to stop napping. But before you decide that the napping phase is over, look for signs that indicate whether your child is REALLY ready to stop napping.
Because the truth is, your child’s actions may speak much louder than their words. Even if they resist, naps may still be necessary if:
- Your child still falls asleep at naptime, even after some fussing. Falling asleep on their own means your child needs the rest. Even when he has a really short nap, that doesn’t mean he doesn’t need it anymore.
- Your child’s behavior changes due to lack of sleep. A sleepy child can become fussy, irritable or hyperactive. Lack of sleep affects emotional responses. So if your child’s responses change later in the day, it might mean that he still needs a (short) nap.
- Your child shows signs of sleepiness. Even if your child doesn’t pass out in the afternoon, they may have signs of sleepiness like persistent yawning, rubbing their eyes, or becoming less active.
But when ARE children ready to drop their last nap?
The window of time in which that transition from one nap to no naps can happen is a HUGE window. So even though you know the averages, how can you be sure that your toddler is really ready to drop that last nap? What signs should you look for?
Signs your child is ready to stop napping
- It takes too long to fall asleep at nap-time..
…and he or she generally does not seem tired when going down for the nap. This is a classic sign that your child may be starting to transition away from the last nap. Remember, as your toddler grows, he can gradually handle more awake time during the day. While it may be the case that, just a few weeks ago, he was tired and ready for a nap by 12:30 or 1, but now he seems to need the nap at 2 or even 2:30 pm. You can still offer the nap, but keep the nap sort to not interfere with bedtime. Preferably no napping after 3 or 3:30 pm!
- It takes too long to fall asleep at bedtime…
…and he generally does not seem tired at bedtime when he had an afternoon nap. Your toddler’s window of wakefulness increases from 6 hours awake to 7 and 8 all the way up until he can stay awake from his wake-up time to his bedtime (12 hours) in a relatively a short time. The time he is able to spend awake after his nap-time until bedtime might be too short to build up enough sleep pressure to fall asleep easily. So this might be a sign that he is ready to drop the nap.
- Skipping Naps
Your toddler skips the afternoon nap, but does not show any negative side effects. If your toddler sometimes skips her nap altogether but seems fine (no crankiness, does not seem exhausted by early evening, can go to bed at a reasonable time, etc.), this is a good sign that she is ready to transition away from her afternoon nap. Keep in mind, though, that skipping a nap one day here or there is one thing, but every day is quite another.
How to help your child to stop napping?
Nap transitions can be tricky. How do you handle the transition from one nap to none?
Well, for starters, keep in mind that every child is different. Some toddlers may be able to stop napping from day one, and will almost never need another afternoon nap. Other toddlers may transition more gradually.
A lot of kids do nap sometimes and don’t nap on other days for quite a while (maybe up to a year!). For instance, your toddler might go 2 days without an afternoon nap, but he day after, he may need that nap. Or kids do nap at daycare/preschool but stop napping at home (or vice versa). Then, over time, they will have more and more no-nap days, until you’re down to no napping anymore. But it can last for even a longer that they still nap every now and then when they need it.
My 4.5 still naps some days, especially when we’re in a car in the afternoon and that’s totally fine. Those 30 minutes might be enough to make it until bedtime all shiny and cheerfully.
No tired signs? Quiet-time!
As you work through this transition, use your toddler’s sleepy cues as a guide. If your toddler genuinely does not seem tired at nap-time, then don’t try to force a nap. Instead, have ‘’quiet-time’ – put your toddler in bed with some books and small toys, and have him play quietly for an hour. This is a win for everyone: it gives you a break, it allows your toddler wind down and rest, and, if your little one turns out to be tired after all, he has the opportunity to lie down and sleep.
More about quiet time
Treat quiet time like nap-time. At its core, quiet-time is downtime for your child. It’s a time during the day where they have an opportunity to rest their busy little bodies and minds. The length of quiet time can range anywhere from 45 minutes to 2 hours. Proper use of quiet time can actually make your late afternoon and evening activities more pleasant, as well as helping with bedtime.
Choose activities for quiet time.
Many parents wonder what activities to employ during quiet time for toddlers. I recommend a quiet activities. Good choices include books, a slow-moving, quiet video, coloring, playing with blocks or Legos, dolls, trains, puzzles, puppets, etc. The options are really limitless, as long as the child is calm, quiet, and playing in the designated quiet time area, like your child’s bedroom.
PRO TIP: Have several items that will stay in a special “quiet time only” box. Before rest time, allow your toddler to choose one or two for that day. After rest time is over, have him or her put them back in place. These toys are only available for rest time, which will make rest time more appealing and fun and avoid your toddler from getting tired of them.
If your child didn’t nap during the day, adjust bedtime quite a bit! Keep in mind, 3 years olds needs around 12 hours sleep and his wakeful window changes from one day to the other from 6 hours awake to 12 hours awake. That’s a huge change!
So, if your toddler is no longer napping, he may need to go to bed way earlier in order to compensate for that missing daytime sleep and to decrease the amount of hours he will spend awake. An early bedtime is normal. Sometimes even a 6 p.m. bedtime may help your toddler get the rest he needs. This bedtime won’t last for long, but in the transitional period it’s very important to keep an eye on you child’s sleepy signs (rubbing, yawning but also being fussy or irritatable) and put him in bed early!
If you’re in the middle of dropping the last nap and it’s not clear what you should do or you have questions about the right time to start, email me at email@example.com or call me anytime and I will help you figure it out!
|
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|
To the Editor:
Tents, ladders, coolers, canned goods, tennis balls and bicycle locks were banned in the area surrounding the Republican National Convention in Cleveland. But guns are fine.
The head of the Cleveland police union said he made a request to ban open-carry during the Republican convention following the recent fatal shootings of police officers in Louisiana and Texas. Kasich said he did not have the power to circumvent that state’s open-carry law.
A decade ago the municipalities had the power to regulate how guns could be carried. Now, do to a law passed in 2006, only the state legislature can do it. This has become a national debate, pitting city authorities, who contend with gun violence, against state lawmakers who answer to gun-loving voters and lobbyists.
Open-carry is unpopular with cops. Surveys in Texas and Florida found that the majority of law enforcement leaders opposed open-carry.
Colorado passed legislation in 2003 aimed at ensuring a state law on firearms supersedes local ordinance. Denver had a long standing ordinance banning open-carry, sued the state and won.
Dallas’ police chief drew criticism from gun rights advocates for saying open-carry carriers made it “challenging” for his officers to respond to a shooter who killed five policeman at a demonstration in July. Dallas police said up to 3- people were carrying rifles during the protest, complicating law enforcement attempts to identify the gunman. Not a single one of these people carrying firearms caught this guy and what he was doing. It drained law enforcement resources and subjected citizens to being unnecessarily taken into custody.
The co-founder of open-carry.org said they are sympathetic to law enforcement being concerned about their safety, but that doesn’t mean we give up citizens’ rights to make it easier to police large events. I’m not sure the families who lost loved ones in Dallas would feel the same.
Keep in mind that HB48 (guns everywhere) has passed the Ohio’s House of Representatives and will be voted on by the Senate. This bill could be another open-carry law very unpopular with police.
Call your state senator and tell them to trash this bill, District 5 Bill Beagle at (9614) 466-6247, [email protected]
— George Riegle
|
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'100 Years Of Beauty In Japan' Video Reveals How Much History Shapes Fashion.
We all know that style and beauty trends have changed tremendously over the decades in the United States, but what you might not realize is how influential those trends have been in other countries. In Japan, Western fashion and beauty has been tremendously influential over the years, and this video captures it all in a few short minutes.
The video begins with a look at Japanese beauty in 1910, during the Meiji Restoration. During that time, Japanese noblewomen were sent to Europe to study what was in fashion, bringing their knowledge back with them. The video then documents each decade's looks as they evolve, from the occupation of Japan during WWII, to the looks of the swinging sixties, all the way to today. See the complete evolution below.
Next, 30 bizarre facts about Japan.
Source: WatchCut Video
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Augustiner is a German brewery that has a long heritage in its native country Germany. It’s popular due to its distinctive retro bottle and great flavour. The brewery, Augustiner-Bräu, can be traced as far back as 1328 when it was situated within a monastery just outside the city walls of Munich. Today, Augustiner produces over eight types of beer, of which Beers of Europe stocks seven. The most popular of these beers is Augustiner Helles (5.2%), a pale lager.
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|
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2. Abietinella hystricosa (Mitt.) Broth. 美丽山羽藓 mei-li shan-yu xian
Nat. Pflanzenfam. (ed. 2), 11: 327. 1925. Thuidium hystricosum Mitt. in Seemann, J. Bot. 1: 356. 1863. Type. England.
Plants usually fairly robust to robust, up to 10 cm long, rarely slender, yellowish green or dark green, brownish at lower portion, in densely tufted cushions. Stems ascending or erect, 0.65 mm in diameter, regularly pinnately branched; branches rigid, apex obtuse, 7–15 mm long; central strand present; paraphyllia numerous, foliose or filamentous, branched, smooth. Stem leaves ovate-oblong, gradually narrowed to a lanceolate acumen, weakly plicate, often secund, ca. 3.0 mm × 1.0–1.5 mm; leaf margins finely serrulate; costa up to 3/4 the leaf length, coarsely papillose on back; leaf cells narrowly oval, smooth or unipapillose; branch leaves narrowly ovate, concave, slightly plicate, sometimes indistinctly multipapillose; median cells hexagonal or rhomboidal, smooth, rarely minutely unipapillose. Sporophytes not seen.
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<urn:uuid:5c059207-bd15-477b-af5c-d6c6e25ee0e8>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://www.tropicos.org/name/35102011?projectid=22
|
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|
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| 0.734874
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| 2
|
Not sure where to start your job search for a teaching position? Here are some helpful resources.
College Central Network is an online job posting and resume database system available for Defiance College students and alumni.
If you are thinking about teaching in another state you will need research information
about becoming certified to teach that state as well as how to apply to individual
school districts for positions.
Ohio Department of Education
This site provides certification and licensure information for Ohio teachers.
In order to teach in another state, you must become certified in that state. You will have to apply for teacher certification in that state.
Ohio is part of the NASDTEC Interstate Agreement Facilitating Mobility of Educational Personnel. This contract agreement outlines the conditions in which each state will grant teaching certificates to persons holding standard certificates from other states. Visit the NASDTEC website or the State Departments of Education to search for the requirements of each state.
You may have a school district ask for your credentials. Credentials are your references, transcript, and teaching certificate.
Before the advances in technology, career services offices typically maintained paper credential files for students. These days, most job candidates are managing their own credentials electronically. You should always keep a hard copy of all your credentials as a backup.
Portfolios should be used to support your answers and as evidence of how you teach.
Don’t turn it into an expensive scrapbook. Keep it small and simple. Plan to use five
or six pieces to pull out as evidence during your answers to interview questions.
Items you may want to include in your portfolio:
The Office of Career Development has provided links to various sites because they contain information that may be of interest to its students and alumni. The Office of Career Development and/or Defiance College
|
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|
http://defiance.edu/student-life/career-development/education-resources.html
|
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| 0.955263
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| 2
|
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