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House Dems reintroduce updates to OSH Act
Washington – Calling it “vital to improving the health and safety of American workers,” House Democrats on April 18 reintroduced legislation to update the Occupational Safety and Health Act.
If passed into law, the Protecting America’s Workers Act (H.R. 1648) would expand OSHA coverage to government employees, increase civil penalties, allow felony prosecutions of employers in some instances and improve whistleblower protections.
Rep. George Miller (D-CA), who introduced the legislation, said in a press release that Congress needs to “give real teeth” to occupational safety and health laws.
PAWA has been introduced in several previous Congresses, but has never made it to the president’s desk. A similar bill (S. 655) was introduced in the Senate in March.
Also on April 18, Miller introduced the Offshore Oil and Gas Worker Whistleblower Protection Act (H.R. 1649), which would prohibit employers from retaliating against workers for a number of measures, including standards violations or reporting injuries.
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Human Rights Watch (HRW) [advocacy website] called on the government of Pakistan [press release] on Wednesday to ensure that minority Shia Muslims [Islam Awareness backgrounder] in Pakistan are protected from attacks by Sunni militant groups. HRW noted that attacks against Shia communities have increased recently and that 320 Shia have been killed in targeted attacks in 2012. HRW Asia Director Brad Adams suggested that Pakistan has turned a blind eye to these attacks and should ensure that the government should hold the militant groups accountable for the attacks:
Deadly attacks on Shia communities across Pakistan are escalating. The government's persistent failure to apprehend attackers or prosecute the extremist groups organizing the attacks suggests that it is indifferent to this carnage.Although Pakistani authorities claim to have arrested dozens of suspects in attacks against Shia, HRW contended that few people have been charged and held responsible for their actions.
Pakistan has been under pressure recently to improve human rights conditions. In June UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay [official profile] urged the Pakistani government to continue to work to improve its human rights situation [JURIST report]. In particular, Pillay stressed that the government must work to eliminate institutionalized discrimination and to prevent torture and corruption. In May Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari signed a bill authorizing the creation of an independent human rights commission [JURIST report] in Pakistan. Last year the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan [official website], a non-government organization, harshly criticized the Pakistani government [JURIST report] for its poor human rights record and called on government officials to fix the human rights abuses occurring in the country.
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Facebook algorithm improvements have been announced with new tweaks to the news-feed & posting strategies. In order to reduce spam links, bad quality stories, and stop brands and people who ask their communities to like, share or comment their shitty stories – Facebook aims to decrease frustration and increase users’ enjoyability with the site.
Today we are announcing a series of improvements to Newsfeed to reduce stories that people frequently tell us are spammy and that they don’t want to see. Many of these stories are published by Pages that deliberately try and game News Feed to get more distribution than they normally would. Our update targets three broad categories of this type of feed spam behavior.
Overview – What Will Facebook do?
Facebook is like any company, aiming to satisfy and keep customers happy while using the Facebook site – in order to achieve the needed satisfaction, they invented the Facebook algorithm, which enable them to monitor and change how people use the site. Over the past year Facebook have inducted an exercise to collect users’ feedback about the quality of stories on news feed; Moreover, Facebook is regularly collecting data from Facebook users to test their satisfaction.
Results: Facebook users are not happy with what they’re seeing on Newsfeed – Reasons why are the following 3 annoying behaviors by content creators (community pages owners & brands representatives):
- Frequently Circulated Content
- Spammy Links
What is Like-baiting?
Asking fans to like, comment or share your stories is like-baiting – Previously called call to action. Nowadays, pages’ owners are taking the easy way out by including direct call to action into their content such as “Please like, share, comment and so on).
This kind of begging marking strategies was noticed by many users, Facebook explained this as:
People often respond to posts asking them to take an action, and this means that these posts get shown to more people, and get shown higher up in News Feed. However, when we survey people and ask them to rate the quality of these stories, they report that like-baiting stories are, on average, 15% less relevant than other stories with a comparable number of likes, comments and shares. Over time, these stories lead to a less enjoyable experience of Facebook since they drown out content from friends and Pages that people really care about.
How Will Facebook Algorithm Detect Like-baiting Stories?
Pages whom ask fans to like, share or comment will be detected by the new Facebook algorithm and considered as Like-baiting for MISUSING the site to reach more people. The new update allows Facebook to defect these keywords and instantly Facebook will make ensure that they are not shown more prominently in News Feed than more relevant stories from friends and other Pages “Facebook decleared”.
Facebook continued to explain that “This update will not impact Pages that are genuinely trying to encourage discussion among their fans, and focuses initially on Pages that frequently post explicitly asking for Likes, Comments and Shares”.
What Should i Do To Not Get Impacted By The New Facebook Algorithm Changes?
Avoid asking fans to like, comment or share your posts, and try to tweak your work to adapt with the new Facebook algorithm
What Are The Recommended Strategies to Engage Fans?
It’s all about smartness and understanding your customers, it’s time to change how you communicate with your customers on Facebook, for example:
- Try indirect call to action tactics – Ask people questions
- Encourage fans to join the conversation and give their feedback
- communicate more openly & smartly to gain your fans’ like-ability
- impress your fans with high quality and smart photos and ideas and they will like and share neutrally
Frequently Circulated Content
Great update?! Yes, Facebook is preventing people from filling the timeline with repeated content. There’re two scenarios:
- Stealing others’ content and re-post it
- Repeating yourself by re-sharing old booming content again and again
Facebook goes to explain this new update saying “People and Pages on Facebook frequently reshare great content, but people tell us there are occasionally instances where photos or videos are uploaded to Facebook over and over again. We’ve found that people tend to find these instances of repeated content less relevant, and are more likely to complain about the Pages that frequently post them. We are improving Newsfeed to de-emphasize these Pages, and our early testing shows that this change causes people to hide 10% fewer stories from Pages overall.”
What Does That Mean?
If you’re a page owner on Facebook, you certainly know that there’re people save photos to their desktop and remove the original branding, then reshare it as if they own it, to gain the same or maybe more engagement like/than the original creator.
Facebook will stop those people from stealing content, by decreasing their stolen posts reach and engagement to the minimum, so they won’t gain anything but bad reputation and won’t do that again!
As we mentioned, Facebook algorithm is monitoring and considering users’ feedback sensitively. The spammy links are stories in News Feed using inaccurate language or formatting to try and trick people into clicking through to a website that contains only ads or a combination of frequently circulated content and ads. For instance, often these stories claim to link to a photo album but instead take the viewer to a website with just ads.
By measuring how frequently people on Facebook who visit a link choose to like the original post or share that post with their friends, Facebook have been able to better detect spammy links. The update improves News Feed to reduce cases of these spammy links. Facebook reveals that in the early testing they’ve seen a 5% increase in people on Facebook clicking on links that take them off of Facebook – this is a big increase in the context of News Feed and is a good sign that people are finding the remaining content in their News Feed more relevant and trustworthy.
Now you are aware of what’s going on Facebook algorithm and latest improvements, it’s time to take control of your fans’ newsfeed and engage with them in the right way.
Happy Posting 🙂
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If you’ve read this blog for the past couple years, you know that I hate lame Christian movies. I hate getting tricked into seeing them (“This is Hollywood-quality, and we have to support Christians in Hollywood!”). I hate that we tell ourselves this is “evangelism” (ahem, has any American become a Christian after seeing a Christian movie?). And I hate that we lower our standards of storytelling when we are telling the greatest story ever.
So why did I go see Noah and Son of God?
These two “Christian movies” take two different approaches to storytelling. And that, of course, got me thinking.
They are based on the same book. They are attracting attention and criticism from the same group of people. One movie is quite literal (which to some people means “true”), and one is quite creative (which to some people means “full of lies”). The fact that they were released only a few weeks apart gives me a unique opportunity to compare them.
Creativity and truth
Yes, the Bible is the inspired Word of God, and we need to be careful whenever we represent it. We don’t want to distort its truth or change the meaning, so sometimes we feel safest when we take the words at face value.
But God is also creative! And He expects creativity from us too.
Son of God: not enough creativity
Son of God was a pretty literal depiction of the familiar Jesus stories, though there were a few notable departures—three magi showing up at the manger, and Jesus going into Lazarus’s tomb are the two that jarred me the most. My main complaint with these departures is that I couldn’t see a purpose for them. In fact, I think being more literal with the magi scene—having them show up at Jesus’ house when he was one or two years old—would have been more creative (because no one ever depicts the scene that way) and more effective (because a later visit helps show that Jesus was remarkable throughout His life, not just at birth and then at 30 years old). When you depart from convention, you should have a good reason.
For example, when Movie Jesus invites Peter to “change the world” instead of “follow Me,” I understand that the screenwriters are making a creative effort to contextualize a calling that may not have much meaning for people today who have not been raised as church-goers. I think it’s a somewhat cheesy choice, but I understand the creative reasoning behind it.
So my main complaint with Son of God is that it was literal without being creative. Or maybe it was literal to popular depictions of Jesus, but not to the Bible itself. In Son of God, Jesus looks like He always looks in movies (and in Renaissance paintings, and in Sunday School flannel graphs)—long hair, white robe, piercing eyes. Mary wears blue. People recite lines in typical British-sounding “Bible voices,” not like everyday Jews. As Matthew Paul Turner says in his review (which you totally should read):
Few things cause the story of Jesus to fall short of God’s glory like a factual cinematic portrayal acted out by pretty Caucasians with British accents and bed-head walking joyfully across barren landscapes to a dramatic symphony of flutes and strings. At times, I swear I was watching the cast of Downton Abbey on vacation in Morocco.
Noah: not enough truth?
Noah, on the other hand, was very creative, and I was completely gripped by the story! Russell Crowe‘s portrayal of Noah made it easy to see how righteousness in an evil world can feel both noble and wearisome. Ray Winstone gave depth to Tubal-Cain (a character mentioned only once in the Bible) and used him to speak truth about our position of dominion in the world, and to convey our capacity to abuse that position. And Anthony Hopkins was delightful as the grandfatherly, somewhat-mystic, berry-craving Methuselah.
All the characters were very human, very real. The costumes may not have been literally authentic to the Mediterranean Bronze Age, but they set the characters free from the bathrobe-clad stereotypes and let us see them as hard-working, rough-life nomads. The sets conveyed a landscape that was probably more barren than the world literally was at that time, but those images dramatically illustrated the effects of selfishness and rebellion; they set a mood that was appropriate for the story. This is what I mean when I say a creative choice can convey a literal truth.
Of course, there were also some creative choices that changed the literal meaning of the Bible story—for example, Tubal-Cain managing to stow away on the ark. The writers used this plot twist to contrast Noah’s calling with Tubal-Cain’s—and I did find it helpful to see Noah and Tubal-Cain as foils for each other. But I think putting Tubal-Cain on the ark compromises my understanding of the ark as both a literal and a symbolic sanctuary. Here again, I appreciate that the creative choice has a purpose, but I think a different choice could have accomplished the same goal.
The screenwriters also made a creative choice to have Noah arrive at the conclusion that the Creator’s plan was to cleanse the world of people, creating a new Eden of only plants and animals. This of course leads to high drama and conflict within the family on the ark. But I find it unlikely that either Movie Noah or Bible Noah would come to this conclusion; I think Noah understood humanity’s role as caretakers of the new world, in spite of our fallenness. Still, this creative choice did succeed in conveying the truth that God’s calling is not always clear, that we humans sometimes misinterpret His will or jump to misguided conclusions—and the result is conflict. So again, I understand the creative choice, but I can think of “truer” ways to accomplish the same purpose.
Truth and creativity
I find it really interesting that the Noah website posts a disclaimer of sorts about the artistic license they’ve taken with the story (see above). It’s a well-worded disclaimer. And it’s quite possible that reading it ahead of time did help adjust my expectations so that I could truly enjoy a very creative movie.
Overall, I found Noah to be more creative and more truthful than Son of God. And that’s the mark of a good story.
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Petroleum Economics and Crude Oil Diplomacy- The Wider Picture
Posted in Finance Articles, Total Reads: 823
, Published on 16 June 2015
Steep crude price drop would pose as a boon and a bane at the very same time, depending up on what strategies one appoints. From war fronts to political upheaval Crude oil plays a dominant role in spurious activation of entire economies. Even though OPEC has a strong foot hold on crude oil supply with Saudi acting as the Central bank, monitoring varied interjections and leaving smaller economies to suffer, it would be interesting to see what turn this scenario would undertake. Countries do undertake stringent steps in order to rule and politically influence lesser known economies there are times where smaller economies take a splurging step and overcome their shortcomings. Currently economies like Vietnam and Venezuela are on the verge of collapsing.
They might take a strong plunge of diversifying revenue generation either by going through a different path of crude exports or taking other measures to overcome the loss they have generated. A feasibility analysis shows that their reserves are only viable at a price ranging from $105-$110 not less than that. There could also be a case where economies even in the OPEC shift their focus and join hands with US if it comes to their rescue. The odds are plausible; we need to wait for the result. In a nutshell ""Crude designs economic destinies no matter how long it takes or spurge in the friction of dismantling wars of political backdrop.”
Image source: flickr.com/photos/hikiwarinattoh/
Under threats and wars between super powers either on the basis of oil or other commodities, it’s the smaller countries and emerging economies that suffer. At times of crisis smaller and developing nations like India must be cashing up on low prices and establish strategic reserves like China. Though significant churning in terms of infrastructure investment has initiated but still there’s a long way to go. In order to insulate itself supply disruptions and utilize the opportunity of low oil prices huge storage requirements is the need of the hour. India, which is 79 per cent dependent on imports to meet its crude oil needs, would be in grave danger and the economy which might portray brighter numbers would collapse after a point. Hence for the betterment it’s advised to have future actions plans.
Another view point from Canada is that it’s foretasted that their huge reserves are being waiting eagerly to capture the oil markets yet its playing safe, quite similar to what the US is doing currently.
A particular trend today is the steep decline in the oil market with the OPEC maneuvering and taking extreme steps it must be careful in terms of what the opposition could do. US through strategically well placed has a strong foot hold globally. At a time when economies like Venezuela and Vietnam hampering their economic growth just for the sake of Saudi ruling the world if even a minute assistance is provided by the US, the entire Cartel would be on the verge of diminishing its importance. As a support system established economies must come forward to showcase concern for the less known smaller ones. Russia though not n the good books of US still an affinity could not be negated. For a scenario not leading to ugly disruptions this is the right time to take charge of economies, develop them. Take a positive stride and hence become aware of what possibilities are stored in future.
For India as a backdrop the fuel subsidy could be erratically removed if we venture in the bear market currently prevailing. India macroeconomic indicators have been quite positive over the last two quarters and if prices persist in the range $50-60 then India is a decisive front. It’s up to policy makers what key essence they want to capture at this juncture.
This article has been authored by Tanya Sehgal from School of Petroleum Management, PDPU
Compete Idiots Guide to Oil Politics -------- By C. D Jaco
The Price: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power --------- By Daniel Yergin’s
Project Management for the Oil and Gas Industry ---------- By Adedeji B. Badiru and
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AUTOMATIC AND MANUAL DISHWASHING
Super Lemon is a hard working detergent recommended for hand dishwashing applications and a huge variety of multipurpose cleaning applications.
Fresh Green is a strong detergent recommended for hand dishwashing applications.
Budget Buster is a hard working detergent recommended for hand dishwashing applications.
Auto Wash (NC)
Auto Wash Non-Chlorinated is a concentrated detergent liquid that is freely rinsing designed for use in dishwashing machines fitted with liquid dispensers - NON DG and safe to handle.
Auto Wash is a chlorinated concentrated detergent liquid designed for use in dishwash machines fitted with liquid dispensers.
ACME Auto Dishwash Powder, with its moderate alkaline content, is extremely efficient in the removal of all grease and leftover food on plates and utensils. Acme Auto Dish wash Machine Powder contains just the right amount of chlorine to give hygiene protection to crockery and cutlery, plus bleach out tea and coffee stains from cups and saucers.
Automatic Dishwash Descaler Powder
Automatic Dishwash Descaler Powder is a superior acid based, descaler powder which works rapidly to remove scale, calcium and lime build up from automatic dishwashing machines, coffee machines and urns.
Final Rinse Aid
Final Rinse Aid is a highly active wetting agent, which incorporates a low-foaming, non-ionic surfactant with solvent and scouring agent to eliminate residual alkalinity from the wash cycle. The product will assist in the removal of spotting and streaks, thus dishes, cutlery, and glass will come out of the dishwasher dry and sparkling clean.
SURFACE, GLASS AND OVEN AND GRILL CLEANERS
Oven & Grill
Oven and Grill is highly effective for the removal of baked on fats, greases, and carbon deposits normally found in baking ovens.
Tiger is a powerful cationic cleanser with added orange oil specifically developed to clean and sanitize hard surface areas. Tiger rapidly penetrates the toughest soils, breaking the bond with the surface to prevent any soil re-deposition. The strong quaternary sanitiser present enables Tiger at a breakdown of 1: 50 with water to be classified as a commercial grade disinfectant under option ‘C’ of the T.G.A. disinfectant test.
Beer Glass Cleaner
Beer Glass Cleaner is a mildly chlorinated detergent for the routine cleaning of beer and bar glasses, either by hand application or by an automatic glass washing machine. Phosphate free.
Kitchen Maid is a water based hard surface cleaner, formulated to remove heavy grease, dirt and grime from a multitude of surfaces including floors, walls, bench tops, stainless steel, plastics, glass, concrete, food utensils, painted surfaces etc.
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On May 6th, shortly after lockdown and pandemic-related limitations lifted, the PinchukArtCentre in Kyiv reopened its doors to three current exhibitions centred on local history and conflict . A major solo exhibition of Nikita Kadan’s work “Stone Hits Stone” and the a duo-exhibition “Tailings Dam,” with new work by Daniil Revkovskyi and Andriy Rachynskyi, balanced both past and present. “Remember Yesterday,” however, presenting Ukrainian art from of the PinchukArtCentre’s collection in dialog with contemporary artists failed to carve out space for the future in its attempt to grasp the vulnerable topics in today’s Ukrainian society.
Based on year-long research within the framework of Pinchuk’s Research Platform, ”Stone Hits Stone” by Nikita Kadan is this year’s institutional frontrunner. Built around ideas of revolution, historical avant-garde, and pogroms the show uses history to enlighten the present and imagine the future. The exhibition begins with a historic prolog carefully curated by Kadan; Manuil Shekhtman’s “Jewish Pogrom” (1926) beside Vasyl Yermilov’s design sketches for a campaign from 1919, while work by Ivan Padalka and other artists of the Ukranian avant-garde engage in a dialog with Kadan’s sculpture “Tiger’s Leap” (2018). Fittingly, Kadan’s work refers to Walter Benjamin’s concept of instrumentalizing the past in order to actualize contemporary political urgencies. The prolog is penetrated by sound spilling from the next gallery, reminding us that historical events always bleed into each other.
The second gallery is host to “The Inhabitants of Colosseum”—one of the most powerful works within the exhibition, created during a public action in Regensburg, Germany in 2018. In Regensberg the artist invited the volunteers to repeat a walking route to a satellite of the Flossenbürg concentration camp that was set up in the Colosseum theater. Volunteers walked from the camp toward the train station wearing wooden shoes. The echo of this violent history revives the zeitgeist, in Benjamin’s words.
Staged in a ubiquitously plasterboarded space, the exhibition creates an impression of a black and white encyclopaedia illustrated by numerous historical references and riddles that reflect the ongoing war in Donbas, the contested Donetsk-Luhansk region important for its coalmining, and the artists of the Ukrainian avant-garde (1910-30s). The exhibition comprises earlier works “Spectators” (2016), “Chronicle” (2016), “Pogrom” (2016), “Victory” (2017) among others loaned by established institutions such as MHKA, MUMOK, and Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw together with newly produced pieces. To the uninformed visitor the exhibition might seem unemotional and monotonous, however, every single object tells a horrific and non-linear story to those familiar with Ukrainian history.
For example, Kadan’s sculpture “Victory” (2017) is a reconstructed model of Vasyl Yermilov “Monument to three revolutions: 1825, 1905, 1917”, deprived of colors and fully painted white with cups, collected from Donbas, atop the sculpture. The artist highlights Ukraine’s splintered and complicated fight for emancipation that has lasted more than a century. In his “Broken Pole” series, the artist juxtaposes images of lost Ukrainian avant-garde artworks with found images of buildings that have been demolished in Donbas during the war. The works speak to ruination and the weight of cultural and political loss. Awkwardly, the images of Donbas are aestheticized, beautifully re-produced on silk tissue fixed to heavy iron surfaces.
Neighboring “Broken Pole,” “The Coal of the Donbas (Yermilov–Braque)” continues to investigate relations between art and power, art and war, as well as the ambiguity of the avant-garde. In Ukraine the avant-garde was marked by progressive thinking realized through repressive methods. Taking the form of an agitation poster by Yermilov, Kadan keeps the same appealing propagandistic form in this new work that questions if there is a space for freedom in contemporary Ukraine, or if we are stuck in a ferocious present. Borrowing George Braque’s symbolism, he ponders if we are able to dodge the threatening black bird of fear.
The black motifs—coal, resin, and burnt materials—also appear in “Lysa Hora Architecton” created together with Dana Kosmina, the exhibition’s designer. Entering the space, the viewer is faced with a huge monument resembling “Pedestal,” a piece that Kadan exhibited in the same space ten years ago, in 2011, when he was awarded the PinchukArtCentre Prize. That was the start of Kadan’s vibrant artistic career. ”Lysa Hora” also quotes Kazimir Malevich. It is assembled with a model of a burnt house and a lightbox featuring an article about pogroms of Roma people in Lysa Hora, a Kyiv neighborhood, published on the online media outlet Zaborona in 2018. Combining the testament of the avant-garde with today’s violent reality, Kadan questions possibilities for the future. In contrast to the saturated, colorful and replenished exhibition’s prolog, contemporaneity appears strictly black and white, evoking the impossible struggle to withstand violence.
The exhibition concludes with the documentation of “The Inhabitants of Colosseum” and “Anonymous. Tarred”—another “quoted” object, from an unknown student of Vkhutemas—a Soviet state art and technical school founded in 1920. Boasting an abundance of resin, the latter communicates the ambiguity in interpretations of the avant-garde. Returning to “The Inhabitants of Colosseum” is an expected yet beautiful closure of the exhibition and curatorial choice that mirrors the instructive nature of Kadan’s work–leaving the viewer with a precise explanation of what they saw in the exhibition’s prolog.
The most impressive exhibition presents work by the young artist duo Daniil Revkosvkyi and Andriy Rachynskyi who base their work on research in industrial zones in Ukraine. “Tailings Dam” invites the viewer to a fictitious museum of Human Civilization, the result of the artists sojourn in the region. The title is taken from a dam that runs into the city of Kryvyi Rih in Kryvorizkyi Iron Ore Basin, known as Kryvbas. An industrial area that faced difficulty and scandal during processes to move from one-state ownership to privatization between 1990 and 2004. A moving video “Clanking, Hammering, Dispute, and Gurgling” is the center piece of the show and is composed of four parts featuring seemingly absurd gestures performed by the artists themselves.
During the four acts the scenery becomes more remote—shifting from a graveyard to a sublime landscape. Through the subsections—Clanking, Hammering, Dispute, and Gurgling —the artists narrate the remote and recent past, present, and future of the region. Filmed in the most important metallurgical spot in Ukraine, ecologically threatened and devastated yet magnetic, the video proposes a deep reflection on resources, ecology, humankind, and the future told through a local phenomenon. In the second smaller room of exhibition, a dried-out station for drinking water as if to warn us of what is to come. Strengthening this sentiment, the last part of the video heard in this space replays useless quarrels of human beings that soon will turn into simple gurgling, echoing from the past.
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Positive change, up close and personal
Calgarians Geoff and Sharon Harding have supported Gifts of Hope school construction projects for two years. When the chance came to visit the school they helped make possible in Honduras, they say it was an easy decision to make.
"We thought it was a great opportunity to see firsthand how our contributions were being put to use," says Geoff.
The Hardings travelled with three other donors, visiting two Plan-supported schools and two Plan-funded health centres.
"We really saw the difference Plan is making," says Geoff.
Touring the facilities, the group saw new latrines, libraries stocked with books and computers, and abundant school supplies. They saw children learning and playing and even helped them plant coffee plants.
"Meeting the children was the highlight of the trip," says Sharon. "They were happy, outgoing and inquisitive. They were very hopeful, and excited to meet us and speak to us even though we couldn't communicate directly."
The Hardings say the visit really helped them see how cohesively Plan works within communities, and how the communities take ownership of the projects once Plan’s work is done.
"Seeing the impact our gift had made us confident our support is being well utilized," says Geoff.
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Kyselica: Soup with soul
Back in the 14th-17th centuries, when Romanian shepherds invented a nutrition-loaded, wholesome cabbage soup, they had no clue that it would continue as the meal of choice for labourers in the Wallachian Kingdom of Moravia, and go on to endure as a staple of authentic Czech cuisine. Kyselica is that much-loved soup everyone recognises, but doesn’t quite relate to all the fuss surrounding it, till the first sizzling sips trickles down one’s throat.
You can easily pick up the subtle yet strong blend of individual textures and flavours making up this thick beef broth. Potatoes, shredded pickled cabbage, and cubes of smoked meat or bratwurst are the non-negotiables, but for experimental tasters, popular options on the list include mushrooms, bacon, onions, and/or sausage. One big steaming bowl of goodness spells utter satiation with just a crusty bread roll for company.
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from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. A costermonger
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. One who hawks about fruit, green vegetables, fish, etc.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- n. Same as costermonger.
- n. Eccles., the side hangings of an altar.
- n. A piece of tapestry or carpeting used as a small hanging, as the valance of a bed, the hanging border of a tablecloth, and the like.
- n. Also called costering.
Sorry, no etymologies found.
So a coster is twice as likely to lose his reason as a soldier, and five times as likely as a farmer.
So a coster is twice as likely to lose his reason as a soldier, and five times as likely as
"coster" -- "drawing him," while Horace Mayhew took down everything the man said.
I feel as if my life and my eternal happiness depend upon my emulating a wild Indian, or a London 'coster' boy.
Another star of the halls, Albert Chevalier, sang "coster" songs, inaugurating the "pearly king" costume that would become a London staple, warbling: "Knock 'em in the Old Kent Road."
When it was over, and Mugridge was back in the galley, he became greasily radiant, and went about his work, humming coster songs in a nerve-racking and discordant falsetto.
(Whatever they're up to, they'll probably try to do the same for whatever the revamped moon program is, so need to pay attention - seems to be a big coster with high potential for bigtime overruns).
We fought a lot, and while the emotional roller coster was sometimes exhilarating, it had grown tiresome.
She smiled into the Virgin's eyes, and that lady delivered herself of a coster ballad with more art than she was aware.
I enjoyed it the first time as a pure emotional roller-coster ride, now I enjoy it as movie about something “more” then that - as a movie that actually has something to say about the medium and the genre itself, instead of just offering us an hour and a half of suspense.
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In this modern era where people travel and leisure a lot, operate outside of all their countries, or perhaps remain in the home due to family members obligations or perhaps health concerns, there is a great reliability on the utilization of technology intended for research, online college degrees, and as a means of connection with instructors, colleagues, and classmates. Irrespective of one’s era, location, or perhaps nature of, education today is no longer an impossible aspire to achieve.
A click of a button can now lead anyone to a university or college or class room where one can show up at classes on-line, pick up all their assignments, fill in their homework, and discuss lessons with professors and classmates. The net offers a pool of information and browsing materials that may either end up being useful or insignificant for the reader. The power of scrutinizing, rejecting, and receiving any options remain at the hands of the users. At present, We am utilized in Iraq and the only ways of research which can be found for me is definitely through the net.
Since I have already been taking online courses since 2004 to present, My spouse and i am capable of know which usually information is definitely suited for the topics which i need to seek out. For instance, whilst searching for the info about the cost of online education, I actually used the major search engines Google, Askjeeve, and BING. I found couple of articles which in turn had a lot of useful information about the importance of generating a college degree through length education. Some websites also led myself to some schools, universities or vocational centers that offer on the web courses. Most of the information from my own paper originated in my personal knowledge.
After four years of learning online, I really believe that experience is a good teacher. I have been assigned in Iraq since I started out working and I have been journeying a lot. My work schedule involves 12 hours every day, seven days a week.
Hence, I actually do not have you a chance to attend traditional classes because my work would not i want to00 permanently remain in one region and enroll in daily classes until My spouse and i complete this program. Wherever My spouse and i go, I must bring my personal laptop computer that has internet connection since this is the only way I am able to earn a qualification. The only time I visited without a laptop was after i was over a Safari in Kenya, The african continent. I have traveled in different spots such as Korea, Dubai, Kuwait, Hong Kong, and Bangkok amongst others, and still were able to continue my personal online programs.
I have turned down the online sources that have info and studies similar to my own online education and the ones that showed various college degrees that may be taken all over the world. Since I already know this information, I decided to use my experience since this major source is more valuable for me personally. The world wide web may provide a pool of information but only the reader may decide which types of information can be significant, valuable or reliable. I usually rely on the internet when I need to search for keywords to retrieve content. When I would an online research, I found a lot of information i already recognized and experienced for the past four years.
Hence, I turned down the causes of information which can be found in the world wide web and decided to use my very own experience as being a source of details.
We can write an essay on your own custom topics!Check the Price
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Ilya Kaminsky's poetry turns his losses into gifts to readers
Published 10:00 pm, Thursday, September 9, 2004
Kaminsky, a native of the former Soviet Union, has been legally deaf for most of his life and an English speaker for just over a decade. So he's now writing poetry -- stunning, moving, award-winning poetry -- not only in a second language, but in a language he has never heard clearly.
"Most people still have quite a bit of trouble understanding my Russian accent," he says in an e-mail interview. "When I don't (distribute copies), people sometimes complain that there is no difference in hearing me in Russian or English: Both are impossible to understand."
Kaminsky may have yet to master his accent, but there's no question that he has mastered his medium.
His first full-length collection of poetry, "Dancing in Odessa," was published earlier this year by Tupelo Press after winning the prestigious Dorset Prize. Its cover blurbs, from some of America's best-known poets, are blush-inducing even by cover-blurb standards: "I am in awe of his gifts," writes Carolyn Forché.
At 27, Kaminsky could write a remarkable memoir. His short life has been extraordinarily eventful (although when another interviewer pointed this out, Kaminsky objected, "It's not short! Russian poets die at 22!").
He was born in Odessa, in what is now the Ukraine, to Jewish parents who had prospered against long odds: His paternal grandfather had been killed by Stalin, his grandmother sent to Siberia, and his father stolen from an orphanage and raised by an uncle.
Kaminsky lost most of his hearing at age 4, when a Soviet state doctor mistook a case of the mumps for a cold. He lost his homeland at age 16, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, when rampant crime, inflation and anti-Semitism forced the family to seek political asylum in the United States. They arrived in Rochester, N.Y., in 1993, not speaking a word of English.
Six years later, Kaminsky was a Georgetown University graduate and the youngest writer-in-residence ever appointed at Phillips Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. This year, as his first book was going to press, he was finishing his law degree.
But he hasn't written a memoir. He has written lovely, elliptical poems that draw on his personal history without dwelling on it. Kaminsky is an uncommonly outward-looking poet, and dislocation and loss seem to have deepened his sense of the preciousness of things.
In "Natalia," a poem dedicated to his wife, Kaminsky writes: "She slept in my bed/ I slept on a chair, she slept on a chair/ I slept in the kitchen, she left her slippers in my shower, in my Torah, her slippers in each sentence I spoke. I said: those I love/ die, grow old, are born. But I love the stubbornness of her bedclothes!"
Not many young American poets would dare use an exclamation point with so little irony. That unselfconscious celebration is one of many qualities, according to former U.S. Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky, that set Kaminsky apart from his peers.
"He's interested in history," Pinsky says in a telephone interview. "He knows poetry in more than one language. And so there's a kind of intellectual breadth and cultural density to his poetry. There's also a rather unfashionable quality: He's a moralist. He's very interested in concepts like truth and justice."
Yet there's nothing simplistic about Kaminsky's moralism, or his praise. They're too deeply informed by experiences he refuses to romanticize -- by a sense that all precious things are threatened. An image that recurs throughout "Dancing in Odessa" is of poems or songs being smuggled -- in a suitcase, a pillowcase, even a saucepan. "What is happiness?" he writes. "(A) few stories / that have fooled censors."
"Exile is good for you if you are a poet," Kaminsky says. "It teaches you that loss is also a gain. Of course, it teaches you that by beating you with a hammer on your head. You see your life from a distance; your days become your own commandments. You learn how to start your life anew. Exile (to misquote Auden) 'hurts' you into poetry. So for a poet it is a great gift. But if you write no poetry, it simply hurts."
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FRIDAY, Aug. 30, 2013 (HealthDay News) -- A new study finds that more than three out of four Hispanics may fail to examine their skin regularly for signs of cancer.
"We know that the rates of melanoma, one of the deadliest skin cancers, are on the rise globally, and in the United States Hispanics and African-Americans often present to physicians with more advanced cases of the cancer," Dr. Aida Lugo-Somolinos, a professor of dermatology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, said in a university news release.
"We wanted to understand more fully why Hispanic patients weren't performing skin self-exams and what role the physician was playing in the process, especially since skin self-exams may lead to earlier melanoma diagnosis," Lugo-Somolinos said.
The researchers surveyed Hispanic patients at Piedmont Health Services in Carrboro, N.C.; the university's dermatology clinics; and El Pueblo, a Hispanic advocacy group in Raleigh, N.C.
Fewer than one in four patients knew about risk factors for skin cancer, such as sun exposure. Nine percent underwent regular skin exams, and fewer than one in four examined their own skin for signs of cancer.
Lugo-Somolinos said dark-skinned people in the United States face a lower risk of skin cancer, but they can still develop the disease.
"We want to encourage primary-care providers to help make their non-Caucasian patients aware that they are also at risk for skin cancer -- especially through sun exposure -- even with darker skin," she said.
Why might Hispanics face special challenges when it comes to skin cancer prevention?
"We did not find patient modesty to be a barrier, but what we did find was that patients felt they didn't have enough time with physicians to ask about preventive care such as skin exams," Lugo-Somolinos said. "We also learned that physicians were not taking the opportunity to raise the subject with their patients, as they do with other health promotion topics such as smoking cessation or seat belt use."
The study was published earlier this year in the journal Archives of Dermatology.
For more about skin cancer, try the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
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GUIDE TO DEVELOPING INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS STATEMENTS
Instructional processes describe the instructional activities that provide the means through which students will achieve the stated objectives of a course. Processes must be included that develop or strengthen students' general education skills, connect course activities or material to the workplace, to subsequent coursework, or to other aspects of life, and ensure students are actively engaged in the learning process. Instructional processes must be descriptive of the strategies and methods employed in the course. Each process should be referenced to TBR’s general education outcomes, a school-to-career transitional strategy, or an active learning strategy.
Examples from various
General Education Goals, 2008-2010
I. Communication Outcome: The goal of the Communication requirement is to enhance the effective use of the English language essential to students’ success in school and in the world by way of learning to read and listen critically and to write and speak thoughtfully, clearly, coherently, and persuasively. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
and evaluate oral and/or written expression by listening and reading critically
for elements that reflect an awareness of situation, audience, purpose, and
diverse points of view.
2. Distill a primary purpose into a single, compelling statement and order and develop major points in a reasonable and convincing manner based on that purpose.
3. Develop appropriate rhetorical patterns (i.e. narration, example, process, comparison/contrast, classification, cause/effect, definition, argumentation) and other special functions (i.e., analysis or research), while demonstrating writing and/or speaking skills from process to product.
4. Understand that the writing and/or speaking processes include procedures such as planning, organizing, composing, revising, and editing.
5. Make written and/or oral presentations employing correct diction, syntax, usage, grammar, and mechanics.
6. Manage and coordinate basic information gathered from multiple sources for the purposes of problem solving and decision-making.
7. Recognize the use of evidence, analysis, and persuasive strategies, including basic distinctions among opinions, facts, and inferences.
II. Humanities and/or Fine Arts Outcome: The goal of the Humanities and/or Fine Arts requirement is to enhance the understanding of students who, as citizens and educated members of their communities, need to know and appreciate their own human cultural heritage and its development in a historical and global context. Also, through study of Humanities and/or Fine Arts, students will develop an understanding, which they otherwise would not have, of the present as informed by the past. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
significant primary texts and works of art, ancient, pre-modern, and modern, as
forms of cultural and creative expression.
2. Explain the ways in which humanistic and/or artistic expression throughout the ages expresses the culture and values of its time and place.
3. Explore global/cultural diversity.
4. Frame a comparative context through which they can critically assess the ideas, forces, and values that have created the modern world.
5. Recognize the ways in which both change and continuity have affected human history.
6. Practice the critical and analytical methodologies of the Humanities and/or Fine Arts.
III. Social/Behavioral Sciences Outcome: The goal of the Social/Behavioral Sciences requirement is (a) to develop in the student an understanding of self and the world by examining the content and processes used by social and behavioral sciences to discover, describe, explain, and predict human behavior and social systems; (b) to enhance knowledge of social and cultural institutions and the values of this society and other societies and cultures in the world; and (c) to understand the interdependent nature of the individual, family, and society in shaping human behavior and determining quality of life. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
Recognize, describe, and explain social institutions, structures, and processes
and the complexities of a global culture and diverse society.
2. Think critically about how individuals are influenced by political, geographic, economic, cultural, and family institutions in their own and other diverse cultures and explain how one’s own belief system may differ from others.
3. Explore the relationship between the individual and society as it affects the personal behavior, social development and quality of life of the individual, the family and the community.
4. Examine the impact of behavioral and social scientific research on major contemporary issues and their disciplines’ effects on individuals and society.
5. Using the most appropriate principles, methods, and technologies, perceptively and objectively gather, analyze, and present social and behavioral science research data, draw logical conclusions, and apply those conclusions to one’s life and society.
6. Take ethical stands based on appropriate research in the social and behavioral sciences.
7. Analyze and communicate the values and processes that are used to formulate theories regarding the social context of individual human behavior in the social and behavioral sciences.
IV. History Outcome: The goal of the History requirement is to develop in students an understanding of the present that is informed by an awareness of past heritages, including the complex and interdependent relationships between cultures and societies. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
historical facts and interpretations.
2. Analyze and compare political, geographic, economic, social, cultural, religious and intellectual institutions, structures, and processes across a range of historical periods and cultures.
3. Recognize and articulate the diversity of human experience across a range of historical periods and the complexities of a global culture and society.
4. Draw on historical perspective to evaluate contemporary problems/issues.
5. Analyze the contributions of past cultures/societies to the contemporary world.
V. Natural Sciences Outcome: Issues in today’s world require scientific information and a scientific approach to informed decision making. Therefore, the goal of the Natural Science requirement is to guide students toward becoming scientifically literate. This scientific understanding gained in these courses enhances students’ ability to define and solve problems, reason with an open mind, think critically and creatively, suspend judgment, and make decisions that may have local or global significance. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
an experiment, collect and analyze data, and interpret results in a laboratory
2. Analyze, evaluate and test a scientific hypothesis.
3. Use basic scientific language and processes, and be able to distinguish between scientific and non-scientific explanations.
4. Identify unifying principles and repeatable patterns in nature, the values of natural diversity, and apply them to problems or issues of a scientific nature.
5. Analyze and discuss the impact of scientific discovery on human thought and behavior.
VI. Mathematics Outcome: To expand students’ understanding of mathematics beyond the entry level requirements for college and to extend their knowledge of mathematics through relevant mathematical modeling with applications, problem solving, critical thinking skills, and the use of appropriate technologies. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
on (not replicate) the competencies gained through the study of two years
of high school algebra and one year of high school geometry.
2. Use mathematics to solve problems and determine if the solutions are reasonable.
3. Use mathematics to model real world behaviors and apply mathematical concepts to the solution of real-life problems.
4. Make meaningful connections between mathematics and other disciplines.
5. Use technology for mathematical reasoning and problem solving.
6. Apply mathematical and/or basic statistical reasoning to analyze data and graphs.
VII. Technological Literacy Outcome: The goal of the Technological Literacy requirement is to develop in the student an understanding of the role of technology in society and the skills necessary to adapt to changing technology. Students will also learn to gather and disseminate current and historical information in their field of specialization to aid them in making informed decisions. To achieve this outcome, students will demonstrate the ability to:
routine personal computer operations.
2. Communicate effectively using the Internet.
3. Identify information resources, facilities, and personnel appropriate to their needs.
4. Access information using manual and electronic systems.
5. Evaluate retrieved information to determine its relevance to intended use.
6. Use retrieved information in making decisions
Strategies - The
activities list below is NOT a list from which strategies must be selected. It
is presented only to suggest ideas for classroom activities that could assist students
in seeing the relevance of what they are learning in class to their
professional careers, to subsequent coursework, or to other aspects of their
lives. Transitional strategies include:
Career exploration research
Participation in relevant out-of-class events
Guest lectures from the community
Interviews with professionals/political, social leaders
Active Learning Strategies - An active learning strategy might be defined as an
activity that requires students to DO something...the instructor can be sure
that each student did it. A passive learner receives information; an active
learner uses information to accomplish a task. Active learning strategies are
not limited to group work, although organized group activities are an effective
way to involve students in the learning process. Active learning strategies
Participation in relevant out-of-class events
Student-generated course material
Round-Robin Problem Solving
Structured in-class debates
EXAMPLE INSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS STATEMENTS
ENGL 1010 English Composition I
1. Collaborate in teams for peer review of drafts to analyze audience and message, to develop and organize ideas, and to evaluate drafts as to effectiveness and clarity. Communication Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
2. Analyze and write sample business letters using word processing software. Communication Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
3. Listen to guest speakers from various businesses to discover demands of written communication in the work world. Transitional Strategy
4. Read assigned essays and participate in class discussion. Communication Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
5. Write analytical, expository essays using word processing software. Communication Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
6. Develop research skills using the Internet and library resources to find information pertinent to essays requiring documentation. Communication Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
7. Develop oral presentation skills to present individual and group information from research, using tables, graphs, and/or charts to help draw conclusions from the data. Communication Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
8. Internalize the work ethic by regularly attending class, being punctual, being dependable, cooperating with the teacher and other classmates, contributing to class discussion and projects, and acting in a professional manner while in class. Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
SOC 1020 Social Problems and Social Change
1. Research and write a report on a specific social problem. Communication Outcome, Social/Behavioral Sciences Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome
2. Research the internet to find current information on social problems. Technological Literacy Outcome
3. Use oral presentation skills to present findings from research. Communication Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome
4. Use teamwork to debate social problems. Social/Behavioral Sciences Outcome, Active Learning Strategy
5. Participate as a volunteer with a local agency to learn more about career opportunities and about various dimensions of social problems. Social/Behavioral Sciences Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
6. Practice elements of the work ethic, such as punctuality, professionalism, dependability, cooperation, and contribution. Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
BIOL 1120 General Biology II
1. Locate and evaluate related scientific information in the ERC and on the World Wide Web. Technological Literacy Outcome
2. Use related equipment and tools for making biological measurements and observations. Natural Sciences Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome
3. Collect data, generate graphs and tables of the collected data, summarize the data and draw conclusions from the data. Natural Sciences Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome
4. Read and critique scientific writings. Communication Outcome
5. Develop a vocabulary that allows them to communicate more effectively with their health care providers. Communication Outcome, Transitional Strategy
6. Participate in laboratory exercises and lecture activities which develop teamwork, problem solving, and data analysis. Natural Sciences Outcome, Active Learning Strategy
7. Select a learning experience that promotes independent thinking and required sustained effort and time such as a research project, job shadowing, community service project, interviews or field trip. Active Learning Strategy
DSPM 0890 Developmental Mathematics
1. Use graphing calculators and/or computer software. Mathematics Outcome, Technological Literacy Outcome
2. Engage in collaborative activities, e.g., modeling projects, teamwork, presentations, and/or other activities involving linear, quadratic, and/or radical functions. Mathematics Outcome, Active Learning Strategy, Transitional Strategy
3. Use multiple approaches - physical, numerical, graphical, symbolic, and verbal - to solve polynomial, rational, and radical equations. Mathematics Outcome
4. Actively engage in a quadratic modeling project that simulates projectile flight and connects 0890 to entry-level college mathematics courses as well as physical science courses. Mathematics Outcome, Natural Sciences Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
ART 1730 Western Art II
1. Develop written summaries of visual art exhibits that emphasize the cultural implications of the works observed. Communication Outcome, Humanities/Fine Arts Outcome, Active Learning Strategy
2. Participate in interactive discovery exercises that focus on the power and limitations of cultural conditioning. Humanities/Fine Arts Outcome, Transitional Strategy, Active Learning Strategy
3. Evaluate the influence of the visual arts in defining societal issues by identifying and discussing contemporary and 14th-17th century Western European images that communicate various positions on significant social and political concerns. Humanities/Fine Arts Outcome, Active Learning Strategy
Posted: February 6, 2009
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These resources match your search criteria and are listed with the most recently published first.
What exactly is a war crime? Who decides what is legal during a conflict? Read this quick summary of the laws of war, or international humanitarian law.
It's based on humanity, and its principles include neutrality and impartiality. How do you find out more? Try the Red Cross quiz.
The activities build an understanding of humanity for younger learners, starting with what it means to be human before exploring key concepts underpinning wider notions of humanity.
What is the point of memorials to past suffering? Supplement other work on discrimination and genocide with a thought-provoking lesson plan.
Young refugees need resilience and determination. Find out how one teenager coped and help students explore concepts of identity and welcome.
Learners consider what makes us human, explore the concept of humanitarianism, discuss human dignity, and describe what it means to be a humanitarian.
Why is the red cross special? Explore what it means in both armed conflict and international law with this school assembly kit.
Introduce young people to the facts about HIV and AIDS, challenging assumptions and myths. Move on to think about how it might feel to be stigmatised against because of an illness and the impact this could have on everyday life. Finish with a creative activity designed to show support for people living with HIV and AIDS.
Who is trying to reduce illegal attacks on health workers in conflicts? Find out and add your voice.
Can you call for an emergency service by texting? What happens if you dial 999 but can't speak? This quiz has the answers and more.
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The opening line of the U. N. Charter reads “We the peoples”, but historically, multilateral decision-making in the rarefied halls of New York, Geneva and Vienna has been the purview of just a select few: diplomats, heads of state and U. N. officials.
Over the past 25 years, however, outsiders — everyone from well-heeled NGOs to women’s rights activists — have slowly made inroads into this global institution. Increasingly in U. N. negotiations, those with a stake in the matter at hand have been consulted and invited to participate.
That opportunity arrived this week for the collection of stakeholders interested in the future of the world’s cities ahead of this year’s Habitat III conference. The summit, which takes place in October in Quito, Ecuador, seeks to result in the New Urban Agenda, a 20-year guide to urbanization at the global level. The first draft of that agenda was released in early May, leading to the start of ongoing political negotiations on its details.
Over the past 14 months, a diverse coalition including academics, farmers, parliamentarians and indigenous people have come together under the umbrella of the General Assembly of Partners (GAP). They have organized constituencies across the world, sat in on the drafting committees of declarations emerging from the preparatory meetings of the Habitat III process, served on a services of “policy units” of experts contributing ideas to the New Urban Agenda and lobbied national governments for their cause.
With last month’s delivery of the New Urban Agenda’s “zero draft”, the GAP and its 15 constituencies were offered the chance to take the floor at the U. N. for two days of hearings with member states before diplomats turned to the matter of revising and negotiating the document. A similar set of hearings was held three weeks ago with local authorities.
Like at the previous set of hearings, civil society members this week were treated as equals with governments, given front-row seating in half of the room rather than being confined to the back rows as is customary. For two days, they covered the bread-and-butter issues of the New Urban Agenda — housing, land, planning, the informal economy — from a variety of perspectives. Scholars presented the latest research on urbanization while grass-roots women offered their lived experience of life in some of the world’s most difficult urban conditions.
Also as with the last set of hearings, attendance by member states was thin. Only about 20 out of 193 U. N. members showed up, and many of those sent sent junior staff in a notetaking capacity rather than engaging in dialogue with civil society.
However, that did not deter GAP President Eugénie Birch from seeing the benefits of the event. “We had a well-thought-out, balanced set of presentations representing all the partners who made substantive comments orally and in written form, which are now part of the record of contributions to the second draft of the New Urban Agenda,” she said.
Indeed, the new co-facilitator of the Habitat III process, Lourdes Yparraguirre of the Philippines, noted Wednesday that these contributions will be taken into consideration in the next revision of the draft text.
“You represent the diversity of the city,” said Maryse Gautier, the French co-chair of the Habitat II preparatory process. “Your requests, your demands are as diverse as you are.”
That diversity, however, narrowed into a specific message. The aim was to convince member states that a vocal constituency cares passionately about the future of urbanization and believes that the New Urban Agenda will be an effective tool to change the future of cities.
Moreover, groups argued during the hearings, the coalition that they have assembled under the GAP umbrella can serve as a partner going forward. For instance, they can help inform the New Urban Agenda’s provisions and implement them on the ground after Habitat III.
They got the chance to make that case when German diplomat Inga Beie asked, “What is your vision for partnerships at the global level in a post-Quito architecture?”
Shipra Narang Suri, the GAP’s vice-president, was ready to offer her wish list. “Whatever governance architecture is devised after Habitat III for the U. N., we would like that to incorporate or be mirrored by a multi-stakeholder panel or platform that allows stakeholders a seat at the table which is institutionalized — it is not a gift,” she said.
This call for a “seat at the table” echoed the demands of local authorities three weeks ago . In their case, they hoped for some kind of ‘special status’ in the U. N. system.
In civil society’s case, the GAP has laid out a specific proposal. “Partnerships for the new urban Agenda”, a report released earlier this year, calls for a U. N. international decade of sustainable urbanization, a knowledge platform, an advocacy arm, an innovation laboratory, a monitoring mechanism and an investment advisory committee.
“The word partnership is all over the zero draft,” Narang Suri noted. However, the devil is in the details. That key word, she said, is nowhere to be found in the section on data collection and analysis. “This is a shocking anomaly,” she said. “Data collection has to be participatory, bottom-up, shared data, everybody’s data, open data — because data defines what kinds of policies are set.”
As of now, however, the future of these proposals is in the hands of the few, rather than the many. Diplomats are currently negotiating the New Urban Agenda in a format known as informal intergovernmental negotiations, and initial comments from member states suggested lack of interest with regard to several key GAP proposals for post-Quito implementation mechanisms.
Further, those negotiations allow for only limited comments from outsiders — in this case, 30 minutes at the end of the second day of talks. Narang Suri again took the stage to make the GAP’s case.
“We urge you to seize on this historic moment to move the discourse forward; we urge you to not shy away from establishing precedents; we urge you to rely on GAP,” she said. “The world is not the same place as it was 20 years ago. New challenges have emerged, but so have new ideas, proposals and solutions.”
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Our Infection Control and Food Safety webinar provides information on the importance of a balanced and nutritional diet for the elderly in a care setting. As well as understanding what fluids, foods and nutrition patients will need and how to handle food safety, employees in Care will also know what signs and symptoms of poor nutrition & hydration to look out for.
During this webinar attendees will acquire knowledge regarding good nutrition & hydration and why it is important for maintaining good health and well-being for Care residents.
We are a sector-leading health & social care training provider delivering leadership and management qualifications and training, induction training and practitioner qualifications. We support our employer clients nationally and can offer outstanding participation and achievement rates.
We are a Skills for Care Endorsed Provider with strong sector partnerships and the official training partner of the National Care Association.
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For information only - not an official document
27 September 2010
Democratic Republic of the Congo Becomes 23rd State to Sign Rotterdam Rules
VIENNA, 27 September (UN Information Service) - The Democratic Republic of the Congo became the 23rd signatory of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, known as the Rotterdam Rules, at UN headquarters in New York on 23 September 2010.
The Convention was opened for signature in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on 23 September 2009. Sixteen States signed the Convention on the opening day, making it the most successful of the conventions developed by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) so far in terms of signatures obtained on opening day.
The States signing the Convention upon its opening for signature in Rotterdam were: Congo, Denmark, France, Gabon, Ghana, Greece, Guinea, Netherlands, Nigeria, Norway, Poland, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Togo and the United States. Joining the initial 16 States in signing the Convention since are: Armenia, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Mali and Niger. The 23 signatories represent a mix of developing and developed countries, including several major trading and maritime nations. Together, the 23 represent over 25 per cent of current world trade volume according to the United Nations 2008 International Merchandise Trade Statistics Yearbook. The Convention needs 20 ratifications to enter into force.
The Rotterdam Rules were adopted by the General Assembly on 11 December 2008 to establish a uniform and modern global legal regime governing the rights and obligations of stakeholders in the maritime transport industry under a single contract for door-to-door carriage. The Convention builds upon, and provides a modern alternative to earlier conventions governing the international carriage of goods by sea, as well as codifying important industry practice. The Rules provide a legal framework that accounts for the many technological and commercial developments that have taken place in maritime transport since the adoption of the earlier conventions, including the growth of containerization, the need for door-to-door transport under a single contract of carriage and the development of electronic commerce.
The United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) is the core legal body of the United Nations system in the field of international trade law. Its mandate is to remove legal obstacles to international trade by progressively modernizing and harmonizing trade law. It prepares legal texts in a number of key areas such as international commercial dispute settlement, electronic commerce, insolvency, international payments, sale of goods, transport law, procurement and infrastructure development. UNCITRAL also provides technical assistance to law reform activities, including assisting Member States to review and assess their law reform needs and to draft the legislation required to implement UNCITRAL texts. The UNCITRAL Secretariat is located in Vienna, Austria, and maintains a website at www.uncitral.org.
* *** *
For information contact:
Senior Legal Officer
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What is the story behind piece by piece by Kelly Clarkson?
Kelly Clarkson and husband Brandon Blackstock married in 2013. She wrote the song “Piece by Piece” about her positive relationship with Brandon, as well as her tumultuous one with her own father. While she was singing the emotional hit on tour, Brandon surprised Kelly on stage. She broke down in tears, and so will you.
How does Kelly Clarkson feel about piece by piece?
Clarkson pegged “Piece by Piece” as a follow-up song to her 2004 track “Because of You” and the album’s “most personal” record, saying that “once you’ve worked through that and you find love and the kind of happiness you hoped for but didn’t really know was possible. It’s a happy song.
Is piece by piece written by Kelly Clarkson?
Kelly ClarksonPiece by Piece / ComposerKelly Brianne Clarkson is an American singer, songwriter, actress, author, and television personality. She rose to fame for winning the first season of American Idol in 2002, which earned her a record deal with RCA. Wikipedia
Why is Kelly Clarkson so underrated?
Why She’s Underrated Aside from the fact that Kelly Clarkson can literally sing anything, the American Idol Season 1 winner writes most of her own music. While some lyrics may fall flat, Kelly’s raspy vocals are always on point, and she has a unique sound. Clarkson owns the F5 and G5 belt.
What does the phrase piece by piece mean?
In stages, gradually, as in He took the clock apart piece by piece, or Let’s go over your exam paper, piece by piece. Also see bit by bit.
What is the meaning behind piece by piece?
Kelly Clarkson’s “Piece by Piece” tells the story of how her husband, Brandon Blackstock helped her recover from the broken state in which her own father left her. Kelly indicates that her husband restored her faith in men, unlike the pain she initially associated with men because of her father’s treatment.
Is Kelly Clarkson considered a good singer?
Kelly Clarkson is a singer with the first-class musical style which makes her a staggering emoter. She has the best echelon belter. Her Echelon belter can strike any portion of her belting range with great ease. This ability can be observed in a song name Duets rehearsal when she hits A5 notes.
Is piece by piece about Kelly’s husband?
Kelly opened up while discussing the lyrics of her emotional 2015 ballad, Piece By Piece, on The Kelly Clarkson Show. The single was about how her estranged husband Brandon restored her faith in men after her father abandoned her when she was six. “There’s a lyric on my new album.
How do you say piece by piece?
piece by piece
- little by little,
How is Kelly Clarkson related to Reba?
Reba McEntire is friends with fellow singer Kelly Clarkson, and she used to be married to Brandon Blackstock’s father — but she won’t take sides in their divorce.
Who is Kelly clarksons husband?
Brandon BlackstockKelly Clarkson / Husband (m. 2013–2021)
Kelly Clarkson has scored another court victory in her divorce from husband Brandon Blackstock, this one involving home ownership.
What is the meaning behind Kelly Clarkson’s piece by piece?
Clarkson’s father left her family when she was young, and in her aforementioned Glamour interview, she revealed that his absence partially inspired “Piece By Piece.” Although she admitted that it’s difficult for her to sing the lyrics without crying (as we saw on Thursday evening), she said it’s ultimately “a positive song”:
Who is Kelly Clarkson’s’piece by piece’about?
Who Is Kelly Clarkson’s “Piece By Piece” About? The Emotional Song Was Inspired By Real-Life Experiences By now, you’ve probably seen Kelly Clarkson’s stunning “Piece By Piece” performance on American Idol (and if you haven’t, you need to check it out immediately ).
Why is Kelly Clarkson so popular?
Kelly Clarkson Reveals the Emotional Stories Behind Piece by Piece, Plus Her Big Plans for Beyonce and Taylor Swift Covers. Kelly Clarkson was crowned the first-ever American Idol 13 years ago, and she’s remained one of the most successful winners—and pop artists in general—ever since.
What is Kelly’s notion of the song’I made something of myself’?
I felt Kelly’s notion of this song is finally meeting a strong, secure man who is there for her daughter and for her. Her husband filled the void her own father left, and her anger comes from the father now wanting something to do with her. “I made something of myself and now you wanna come back.
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Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) plans to include an NFC ticketing option when its service launches in 2015. “CMRL officials said they were working on a facility that would be incorporated in smartphones so that the AFC gate could identify it as a ticket and deduct money from the user’s account, depending on the distance he or she was planning to travel,” The Hindu reports.
- NFC Forum certifies Cilab for TR13.1 wireless charging testing
- ST provides insight into using NFC tags to enhance consumer experiences
- NFC Forum adds certification for NFC wireless charging
- NP Plastibell adds ultra-miniaturised ST NFC tags to pre-filled syringes
- German luggage brand leverages NFC for product authentication and customer engagement
This article is more than nine years old
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Ingredients of Egg Tarts
- It’s 200 ml of evaporated milk.
- It’s 4 of eggs.
- It’s 1 tsp of vanilla extract.
- It’s 75 ml of hot water.
- Prepare 75 grams of sugar, or to taste.
Egg Tarts instructions
- Make tart shells as below. https://cookpad.com/us/recipes/360469-tart-shells.
- Melt the sugar in hot water and leave to cool completely..
- Whisk the eggs and evaporated milk together..
- Strain the egg mixture into the sugar water and stir well..
- Carefully pour the egg custard into the shells. Skim off any air bubbles on the surface..
- Bake in preheated oven at 170℃ for ten minutes. To check if the custard is done, insert a toothpick in the middle. If it remains upright, the egg tarts are done..
- Replace water with pandan water (boil water with pandan leaves until tinged green) and add a drop of colouring for Pandan Egg Tarts..
- Serve warm :).
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The Kremlin did not "attack America” in 2016, but the myth could lead to war between the nuclear superpowers.
Today’s perilous reality is unprecedented and twofold. On the one hand, never have Washington-Moscow relations been so multiply fraught with the possibilities of war. American and Russian forces are in close and increasingly hostile military proximity from Eastern Europe, Ukraine, and Georgia to Syria, and now possibly Venezuela. On the other hand, the "cooperation” and "contacts” known as détente that kept the United States and Soviet Union safe from war in the 20th century, conceivably nuclear war, have been anathematized, even criminalized, by nearly three years of false Russiagate allegations. So much so that a 2018 Trump summit meeting with the Kremlin leader, a traditional presidential practice since President Eisenhower, was called "treason,” and more recently his diplomacy with Russia generally branded "appeasement.”
None of these allegations is more recklessly dangerous or fictitious than that "Russia attacked America during the 2016 presidential election”—an act repeatedly equated with Pearl Harbor and 9/11. If true, America, like any great power, must eventually strike back, which would mean we are now living in a state of impending war with Russia, again conceivably nuclear war.
But it isn’t true. No Russian missiles, planes, bombs, paratroopers, submarines, or warships descended on the United States in 2016. None even threatened the nation from afar. Did Russia "meddle” in the US election? Yes, but not significantly unlike the ways in which both sides have "interfered” in each other’s internal politics during the past 100 years. And certainly not as amply as Washington intervened to help rig Russian President Boris Yeltsin’s reelection in 1996. With the single exception of US military intervention in the Russian civil war in 1918, no one thought to call those acts of habitual, often ritualistic, meddling "war.”
Nonetheless, even—or perhaps especially—after the attorney general’s March 24 summary of the Mueller "Russian investigation” exoneratedPresident Trump of "collusion,” the legion of diehard Russiagate fanatics have doubled down on the pernicious myth of a "Russian attack” in 2016. Leave aside today’s neo-McCarthyites with regular national platforms like Representative Adam Schiff, MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow, Bill Maher, and too many others. Take instead a progressive magazine journalist who replayed at length his own longstanding fiction of "Putin’s war on America.” Or the foreign editor of The Daily Beast, who warned that "Mueller’s report has Moscow in ecstasy, opening the way for more Putin plots.” These and dozens of other media accounts were doing little more than echoing a US senator who had recently issued a virtual declaration of war against "Putin’s Russia,” which, he insisted, "is an outlaw regime hell-bent on…destroying the US-led liberal global order.”
Still worse, Barr’s summary makes clear that Mueller’s full report includes a major section on "Russian Interference in the 2016 US Presidential Election.” We can only hope that Mueller himself has not merely reiterated the episodes regularly cited as examples of the "Russian attack on America.” Most of these claims, well-known to readers, are hypocritical, mendacious, or outright ignorant of the facts. For example:
§ No forensic evidence has ever been produced to support the allegation that Putin’s Kremlin hacked the DNC in 2016 and gave the incriminating e-mails to Wikileaks. Indeed, then –FBI Director James Comey did not even examine the DNC computers. Nor, so far as is known, has the FBI ever done so. On the other hand, a group of former US intelligence officials known as VIPS has twice produced its own forensic conclusionthat the e-mails stolen from the DNC were not a hack but an inside job, a leak. If so—thus far VIPS’s findings have yet to be given the expert scrutiny they require—there never was any "Russia” in Russiagate.
§ Mueller indicted a group of Russian intelligence officials for hacking and other social-media misdeeds during the election. This allegation has become widely known as the "Russian hacking of the 2016 presidential election.” But indictments are not proof, only accusations. Moreover, two independent journalists examined Mueller’s evidence and found it seriously lacking. Still more, no one has shown that any Russian social-media "attack” had any effect on the outcome of the 2016 presidential election.
§ The infamous Trump Tower meeting between leading members of Trump’s campaign and a motley crew of Russians is invariably cited as part of the "Russian attack.” As a well-informed former Moscow journalist has pointed out, the Russians were hardly "credible as Kremlin emissaries.” More significantly, who is really shocked that a political campaign might seek "dirt” on its opponent? But surely Russian "dirt” is profoundly ominous. If so, at that very time, mid-2016, the now-discredited "dirt” compiled by Christopher Steele, purportedly based on high-level "Kremlin sources” and paid for by the Clinton campaign, was already being circulated to US media. The Trump campaign paid no money and got no "dirt”; the Clinton campaign paid and got plenty of "dirt.” If this was an "attack on America,” it was launched by the Clinton campaign, not Russia. (It seems unlikely, by the way, that Steele actually got any of his "information” from sources inside Russia.) Nor did Trump’s people invent a false cover-story about "orphans” and "adoptions.” The Russian lawyer present really did suggest easing the recent Kremlin ban on American adoptions, depriving many families of the Russian orphans they had all but adopted, in return for sanctions relief for the Russian company she represented. (Evidently, none of the Trump representatives at the meeting or the US media that reported the event as having been exceptionally sinister knew this history.)
§ But surely Paul Manafort’s working for the "pro-Kremlin Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych” was part of a coordinated "Russian attack?” Here we encounter either mendacity or ignorance. At that time, Manafort was advising Yanukovych to pivot away from Russia to the West by accepting a European Union trade agreement that excluded Moscow. That is, at the time of the "attack,” Manafort, later briefly Trump’s campaign manager, was pro-American and anti-Russian. (And, it might be added, his subsequent convictions by Mueller were for financial crimes committed primarily in Ukraine, not Russia, which would suggest Ukrainegate, not Russiagate.)
§ It is widely said that part of the "Russian attack” took the form of corrupting Trump through his long-standing wish to build a hotel in Moscow. But how to explain that many American and other Western franchises have major hotels in Moscow today—Sheraton, Four Seasons, Ritz-Carlton, Marriott, Holiday Inn, among others—and Trump does not? His effort failed, apparently for a lack of "collusion.” If the Kremlin really wanted to "attack America,” surely it would have given Trump the hotel he badly wanted. And what does this allegation say about the scores of large US corporations operating profitably in Russia today? Admittedly, their CEOs are not would-be American presidents—except one, Howard Schultz, whose Starbucks franchise is dotted across Russia. Like Trump, all of these American CEOs had to deal with very high-level Russian officials, many of them "Kremlin-linked,” and, yes, "Russian oligarchs.”
§ It is also true that Trump had the Republican National Convention change its 2016 program plank on Ukraine, deleting a section calling for an escalation of US military assistance to Kiev. Surely this is plain evidence of a Russian "attack on America.” But all the change did was to bring the Republican platform into conformity with the official position of the Obama administration, which was resisting pressure to send more weapons to Kiev.
§ Finally, and most often, the "Russian attack” is said to be evidenced by "back-channel communications” between President-elect Trump and his team, notably Gen. Michael Flynn, and the Kremlin. There was nothing wrong or unprecedented in this, whether attempted by Flynn or others on behalf of the incoming president. Every American president-elect since Nixon, possibly since Eisenhower and Kennedy, had opened such secret communications before taking office. It was a long-established practice, even a tradition.
In short, there was no "Russian attack on America” in 2016. And yet, the fiction, the myth, whatever its origins, persists as a profoundly grave war-risking danger, a ticking time bomb wound ever tighter by Russiagate zealots. States have gone to war due to fictions and myths, but not yet nuclear superpowers against each other. If the adage "There is first time for everything” is true, it is long past time to end Russiagate completely.
This commentary is based on Stephen F. Cohen’s most recent weekly discussion with the host of The John Batchelor Show. Now in their sixth year, previous installments are at TheNation.com.
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One of the reasons why scholars take an interest in Chemistry at an early age is due to all different types of experiment one can perform and have a great time.
However, by the time you are in college, you might feel quite overwhelmed with it. The reason for it is that there are numerous aspects to chemistry, be it learning wise or choosing a career path through it.
If you are looking to opt for chemistry you should know about a few different things such as job potential, different branches and more.
Hopefully, this blog will answer some of the most essential questions which students have when they are trying to opt for this course in college or university.
How is chemistry different than other subjects?
First of all, it is referred to as a discipline of science that includes compounds and elements that are composed of ions, atoms and molecules along with their properties, structure, reaction with different substances, and more.
It is widely believed and has been proved that this subject is an intermediary between biology and physics.
Sometimes it’s even called central science as it offers an understanding foundation for basic as well as applied sciences at fundamental level.
This is what makes it stand apart from rest of the science disciplines.
What makes it difficult for scholars to complete their assignments?
One of the greatest issues pupils face is acquiring definite knowledge to complete their work. It is related to so many branches of science, that most times it becomes quite hard for people to gather information or simply understand it.
Chemistry projects also don’t have just theory portions but many times it requires going through an experiment to understand it clearly and come to a conclusion.
Thus, you can understand how it might be difficult for people to go through this work without having adequate assistance.
Moreover, you will have to face the time issue as a student!
When you are a student you have to deal with millions of things apart from studies such as extra-curricular activities, being social, rest adequately, and more.
In such a case, when a disciple has to deal with chemistry projects for extra credits, it totally becomes impossible for him or her to take out more time.
Opting to complete a chemistry assignment means takes a lot of time due to its complications and in-depth knowledge about every fundamental aspect.
Without this, it becomes quite difficult to submit a remarkable project that will fetch grades that you wish to get.
Also, without ample knowledge and adequate time for completion, you will have to face incomplete research issues and leaving out information that can cost your grade.
However, there is nothing to worry about!
Through assistance from your professor and private tutor, you can achieve all your goals. These experts have ample knowledge to provide you with everything you seek that will aid in flourishing in your academics.
They have years of expertise that will help you to overcome any difficulty you might face when opting to finish a chemistry paper.
Moreover, their job is to stay informed about what is happening in this field which makes them ideal people to seek out for any doubts, questions, etc. that might arise.
Also, with private tutors, you can simply reach out 24/7 as they are always present to assist you in any way they can. Always, their charges are quite reasonable that makes them quite the help for any student struggling with chemistry work!
Essential topics to be clear about
There are numerous topics on which a professor can tell his/her class to submit a project on. However, there are a few things which all chemistry scholars like you should be quite familiar with.
Some of these are below in detail that will help you move ahead in your academic career with this subject. Take a look!
This is one of the most essential fundamental aspects of chemistry which you should be well aware of.
It refers to ordinary matter’s smallest unit of constituent that has properties of chemical elements.
Every plasma, liquid, gas and solid has either ionized or neutral atoms. These are quite small in size which is around a meter’s tenth-billion portion.
The atom happens to be chemistry’s basic unit which contains a dense core popularly known as atomic nucleus. This is surrounded by space that electron cloud occupies.
This nucleus consists of uncharged neutrons and protons which are positively charged. However, electron cloud comprises electrons that are negative charges which orbit a nucleus in constant motion.
Furthermore, in neutral atoms, electrons that are negatively charged balances positively charged protons.
This nucleus is quite dense; nucleon’s mass is 1836 times of electron approx. but an atom’s radius is 10,000 times of its nucleus.
Also, an atom is the smallest object which is envisaged to retail all chemical properties of an element such as ionization potential, electronegativity, coordination number, oxidization state’s preference, and various forms bonding types like ionic, metallic, covalent, etc.
Knowing about atom in detail is quite vital for all scholars who are opting for chemistry courses in college.
Chemical elements refer to pure substances that are composed of atoms. These are characterized by protons’ particular number in nuclei. This is called atomic number and symbol Z represents it.
A mass number which is found in it is simply the sum of neutrons and protons found in a nucleus. Though nuclei of all atoms that belong to a single element have same number, its mass number might not be same.
Atoms of a single element that have various mass numbers are called isotopes. To be more precise, take a look at the example.
For instance, all atoms consist of 6 protons in nuclei which happen to be a chemical element known as carbon. However, these atoms of the chemical element carbon might contain mass numbers of 13 or 12.
Every chemical element standard presentation is found in periodic table which charts elements by their atomic number.
This table is classified in columns or groups, and rows or periods. This is ideal for identifying various periodic trends.
This periodic table should be understood properly as it will come in handy even after you finish your academic career.
In this subject, matter is referred to as anything which has volume, as well as mass and particles, make it up. Matter can be a mixture of various substances or pure in nature.
Different science fields use this term matter differently. Some ways are based on loose historical aspect as there was a time when people thought there wasn’t any reason for distinguishing matter from mass.
Hence, there is never a singular scientific meaning that people agree on universally of this word.
Scientifically speaking mass is properly defined but people define matter in numerous ways depending on their approach to a project.
For example, in physics, people simply equate matter with particles which exhibits mass such as leptons and quarks.
However, you should keep in mind that both in chemistry and physics, matter will exhibit particle as well as wave-like properties which is more commonly known as wave particle duality.
This refers to a pure chemical substance’s smallest portion which is indivisible.
It has chemical properties which are unique due to its ability of going through several chemical reactions when it comes in contact with different substances.
However, this definition works well only when substances are made up of molecules.
Molecules are basically set of atoms that are bound together due to covalent bonds. This creates a structure that is electrically neutral as well as valence electrons pair with different electrons.
Hence, molecules exist in this world as electric neutral component, unlike ions. When this rule breaks due to providing charge to a molecule, its outcome is named as polyatomic or molecular ion.
Nonetheless, this separate and discrete nature of molecular concept requires molecular ions to exist in adequately separated form.
Charged up polyatomic that resides in solids such as nitrate ions or common sulfate are not generally considered molecules in this subject.
A few particular molecules include one unpaired electron or more which creates radicles. Most of these radicles are reactive but some can be stable like nitric oxide.
The noble or inert gas elements such as argon, krypton, hellion, radon, neon and radon consist of lone atoms due to their small discrete unit.
However, other isolated elements contain either networks or molecules of atoms that bond with each other in different ways.
Molecules which are identified to have similar substances include air, water, and organic compounds such as gasoline, sugar, along, pharmaceuticals, etc.
What you should be well aware of by now is that not all chemical compounds or substances have discrete molecules. Most solid substances which make up mantle, Earth’s core, solid crust, etc. are chemical compounds that have no molecules.
Other substance types like network solids and ionic compounds are organized in specific ways for lacking identifiable molecules’ existence per se.
Rather, these substances’ terms are unit cells or formula units as the smallest structure within a substance.
Some examples of these include mineral salts, carbon, diamonds, metals, etc. which are solids and familiar silicate minerals like granite and quartz.
Furthermore, geometry is molecules one of the primary characteristics which are frequently known as structure.
While structure of triatomic, diatomic, or tetra-atomic is trivial, polyatomic molecules’ structure is constituted over six atoms which are critical for the chemical nature.
These are the four primary aspects of this subject which you should understand clearly. Everything in chemistry is related to these and thus, you should have in-depth knowledge about these.
From working on assignments to writing papers in exams, everywhere a complete knowledge about this helps in understanding problems and answering it accordingly for high grades.
Careers to focus if you purse Chemistry
There are numerous aspects when it comes to job prospects in this field. However, below are the ones which are the best for any chemistry student.
This refers to studying reactions of chemicals in various living organisms.
As a biochemist, your job would be to probe several organic matters on cellular levels for inventing pharmaceutical drugs, genetic engineering, DNA therapies, and more.
- Chemical engineers
This is one of the most common fields of work which chemistry scholars choose. Here, you will be responsible for manufacturing different products that chemist develop.
As an engineer, you will be using your knowledge of not just chemistry but also physics, biology, and math for developing and designing manufacturing processes.
- Forensic chemists
This is one of the most interesting jobs for chemistry pupils. Here, generally, you will be analyzing blood splatters, any strange chemical element, etc.
Such physical evidence is analyzed for solving crimes. You will be using science for reaching conclusions and catch criminals.
- Environmental scientists
Here, your work will consist of studying water, air, and soil for determining human and chemical activities’ effect on environment. You will be looking for pollution’s evidence and find contamination sources.
Apart from it, you will be responsible for developing techniques which will aid in preventing further pollution and clean it up for making Earth a better place for all to live.
These are just some of the interesting job prospects if you opt for Chemistry in college.
Apart from these, there are many more jobs such as becoming professors, medical scientists, geochemists and more.
So, you are well aware of this subject, along with what its fundamentals are and what you should learn and understand completely.
Also, you know about the struggles you might face in your Chemistry assignments and projects in college along with solutions.
Hence, hopefully, you are ready to pursue this course and if you still come across any issues never hesitate to ask your professor, private tutors, or classmates for assistance.
Mary Clooney has a PhD in Chemistry from Princeton University along with Biology and Physics as her additional subject. This makes her widely knowledgeable in science course and along with her ample experience in teaching; she is currently the best person to ask for help whenever a student requires any for his/her assignment.
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Warners Bay Solar Power Installer Uses Renewable Energy Source to Reduce the Impact of Carbon Tax
NEW SOUTH WALES, Australia September, 2012 – This year, Australian homes and businesses experienced a spike of approximately 16% in energy prices nationwide. This increase, largely seen as part of the impact of carbon tax, has been met with outrage as rising electricity prices and the cost of living or doing business seems to have touched the lives of all Australians. However, it’s undeniable that this spike in prices has led to increased interest in energy efficient technologies and renewable energy sources from both the residential and commercial industries as they seek to explore ways to reduce the impact of the Carbon Tax.
Brett Sutherland, Managing Director of Solar Power Australia says, “We have noticed a significant amount of interest from the public since carbon tax was announced, and even more as people start to receive their bills and notice that they now have to pay for using traditional energy sources that aren’t sustainable and are damaging the environment. We are able to provide them with a renewable energy source that immediately reduces their electricity bills.” www.solarpoweraustralia.com.au/
Solar Power Australia is an Australian owned and operated Warners Bay solar power installer providing renewable energy solutions for industry and the residential sector. Solar Power Australia and its subsidiary Solar Online Australia are one of the largest suppliers and integrators of renewable energy products in Australia, and as such can offer a large variety of high quality solar power systems which are readily available and at reduced prices.
And Solar Power Australia customers are raving about their experience with the Warners Bay solar power company:
“Solar Power Australia installed nine solar panels on our large 5-bedroom 3-bathroom house. I was absolutely surprised to get a credit on my first electricity account. Since then, the credit has grown. When I got my last bill, I was over the moon. For the price we paid for the system, it’s a very good return indeed. Solar Power’s installation of the panels went like a dream. Everything was very easy. I’d give the company 11 out of 10 for their service and would certainly recommend them to other people.”
- Geoff Boaler, home owner, Jewells, NSW
“Solar Power installed a solar panel system on my house and also in my cabin in the bush. I couldn’t fault their service. The house is now feeding power back into the grid, giving me a monthly credit from my power company. The cabin has worked out well too. When there was a problem with the inverter at the house not linking to my computer, I called Solar Power and they replaced the inverter within a day. Another time, my cabin got hit by lightning. Solar Power helped me out with some great deals to replace the damaged parts. “Not only would I recommend Solar Power – I already have.”
- David Markham, Warners Bay NSW
Solar Power Australia has been operating for over 12 years now and is all about quality, efficiency, and longevity. To ask their enthusiastic and educated team how to reduce the impact of carbon tax, visit www.solarpoweraustralia.com.au/.
- Contact Information
- Brett Sutherland
- Managing Director
- Solar Power Australia
- (61) 02 4954 3310
This news content may be integrated into any legitimate news gathering and publishing effort. Linking is permitted.
News Release Distribution and Press Release Distribution Services Provided by WebWire.
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Consumers take for granted the heat that keeps them warm, lights they read by and sewers that move waste far away from their homes. DuPont understands the complexities involved in providing these creature comforts, and continues to develop solutions that meet and exceed these challenges.
DuPont uses 203 years of science to form the backbone of its innovations. DuPont science creates coatings that prevent pipe corrosion, materials to generate electricity from light, transformer insulation that doesn’t burn, and chemicals that thoroughly treat waste. Through science, DuPont helps you keep your customers comfortable.
Click a category below and learn how the infrastructures that support the world find their support from DuPont, including:
- Product technical data.
- Application examples.
- Latest news and updates.
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A Syrian woman enters a partially destroyed building in the northern Syrian city of Aleppo on April 9, 2013. The UN is hiking its estimates of people trapped in Syria after fleeing their homes, saying some four million are now displaced inside the country and in dire need of international help.
The UN High Commissioner for Refugees said last month the number of registered refugees had exceeded 1m. That is apart from the estimated 2m Syrians internally displaced by the fighting and the unknown thousands that have melted into the population of neighbouring countries.
© The Financial Times Ltd 2016 FT and 'Financial Times' are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd.
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The 2012-2013 University of Washington Mellon Sawyer Seminar on the Borderlands builds upon the work of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary collective. The Sawyer Seminar undertakes an interdisciplinary exploration of Borderlands, understood as the contact zones, imagined geographies, and discourses that produce both order and violence.
Taking as our point of departure Gloria Anzaldua’s influential characterization of borderlands (small “b”) as historically and spatially specific sites and Borderlands (capital “B”) as ideological projects, the UW Borderlands project contributes to a comparative and interdisciplinary understanding of the political and cultural power of boundaries and boundary-crossings. With Anzaldua, we are concerned with the complexities of multiple Borderlands that characterize the politics of belonging in national states, diasporic and Indigenous communities, and even the domains of nature and society.
This project seeks to shed light on how borders and both seen and not seen, with special attention to the themes of border-making practices, gendered violence, and Indigenous perspectives on borders. More concretely, it also hopes to remap the Borderlands of scholarly production at the University of Washington by generating sustained interdisciplinary and interdepartmental collaboration across the humanities and social sciences, and between undergraduate students, graduate students, and faculty.
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Book Review of
Holistic Education: An Analysis of
Its Ideas and Nature
HOLISTIC EDUCATION: An
Analysis of Its Ideas and Nature, by
Scott H. Forbes (Director of Holistic Education, Inc., Portland,
Oregon), A Solomon Press Book, 2003, Foundation for Educational
Renewal, ISBN 1-885580-15. Available online from www.Great-Ideas.org
Book Review by Patricia Enlgish
Not every doctorial dissertation, even one emanating
out of Oxford University, accomplishes the difficult transition
from scholarly tome to essential educational text, especially
one that proves suitable for undergraduates and graduates alike.
- An Analysis of Its Ideas and Nature by Scott H. Forbes
is a notable exception and likely to be of immense interest to
educational leaders and administrators as well as concerned parents.
Forbes' selection of material is as exciting and intriguing as
it is useful. Even better, it comes upon the market at a time
when students, teachers and lecturers are reeling under the pressures
of exponential social change and rampant economic rationalism.
In such a climate it is hardly surprising to find that there are
many educators who believe that these influences threaten the
very existence of education as a professional enterprise. For
these practitioners Forbes' book will do much to counteract the
tide of negative sentiment.
In the foreword to this book, John Wilson of
Oxford University, claims that Forbes provides us with "the
best (perhaps the only) attempt to give the idea and practice
of holistic education a serious philosophical underpinning".
If this statement be true, students of education can breathe a
sigh of relief because Forbes' book provides a solid philosophical
foundation which will raise holistic education above the level
of attitudes, intuitions and feel-good practices and theories
which have arguably hindered innovative education in the past
Furthermore, and perhaps more importantly, practitioners
who have been influenced by the advocates of humanistic education,
and who have drawn upon their perspectives in teacher education
courses, can now avail themselves of a substantial philosophical
base upon which empirical studies into aspects of holistic education
can be formulated and successfully conducted.
Forbes defines holistic education in terms of
what it "does" and what it "thinks" and he
has organised his exploration into three major sections which
may be read separately, according to the purposes of the reader,
or read as an entire work.
This reviewer believes that the work is more
valuable when read in its entirety, mainly because of the organising
principle that dominates the structure of the book as well as
the clarification of terminology which is enunciated clearly and
fully in the opening chapter and which is employed eloquently
and consistently throughout each section of the entire work. The
book itself is divided into three sections.
Section I is concerned with a general overview
of holistic education, while Section II deals with its philosophical
precedents. (Please note that this section comes with a wonderfully
extensive appendix which is worth reading for its own sake).
Section III is concerned with examining what
holistic education actually "does" and involves a sociological
analysis which draws heavily upon the work of Basil Bernstein,
whom the author was fortunate to have as a discussion partner
during his term at Oxford. This section is primarily concerned
with the examination of the three competence based modes of pedagogy
identified by Bernstein, together with a well argued case by Forbes
for holistic education to be considered as a fourth mode in the
competence based pedagogic model.
The sociological analysis in Section III is by far the most challenging
section of the book, although some may say that Bernstein is an
acquired taste. In any event, not everyone will be in agreement
with all aspects of Bernstein's model and perhaps like me, some
will find themselves variously irritated and frustrated, challenged
and exhilarated, as much by Bernstein as by Forbes' exclusive
use of Bernstein's competence model as the dominant sociological
perspective in examining and evaluating what holistic educators
"do". For example, I think perhaps that too fine a line
was drawn in the comparison between competency based models of
pedagogy and performance based models, with the latter being assigned
to the worst practices of mainstream education.
I also felt that both Forbes and Bernstein were
a bit too hard on mainstream education as a whole, especially
when so many teacher education courses in Australia have tried
to accommodate not only the individual differences of students,
but also to design curricula which allow the maximum freedom of
choice and delivery.
To a greater or lesser extent, education at
all levels has been positively influenced by holistic perspectives.
On the other hand, perhaps I am being unnecessarily defensive,
because I realise, as many practitioners do, that government policies
make it virtually impossible to achieve a truly authentic, holistic
educational system and not solely because of economic constraints.
Besides, in a social environment heavily influenced by political
correctness, what government would be brave enough to introduce
an education system which encourages students to develop into
responsible, autonomous thinkers?
Almost everyone acknowledges that it is much
easier (and cheaper) to "dumb down" the educational
enterprise than it is to allow its citizens to develop to their
full potential as human beings. The real question for modern educators
though, is whether we are prepared to allow this to happen and
what steps can be taken to constructively prevent it.
At least in Western Australia, where there is
still a good deal of autonomy in schools (and this may apply in
other States as well) it might be possible - in view of Forbes'
establishment of a philosophical base - to utilize some of this
autonomy to trial holistic educational programs in government
Even if this does not eventuate, educators and
trainee teachers will find Forbes' book invaluable in clarifying
their own thinking about holistic education and in developing
the necessary intellectual philosophical understandings which
should underpin all educational innovation, whether that innovation
occurs within the broad spectrum of holistic education or outside
In his book, Forbes examines the goals of holistic
education in terms of Ultimacy (a term first coined by Paul Tillich)
and he uses this term in a broad sense to refer to (a) "the
highest state of being that a human can aspire to, either as a
stage of development (e.g., enlightenment) or as a moment of life
that is the greatest but only rarely experienced by anyone (e.g.,
grace), or as a phase of life that is common in the population
but usually rare in any particular individual's life (e.g., Maslow's
peak experience); and (b) a concern or engagement that is the
greatest that a person can aspire to (e.g., being in service to
The adoption of the term Ultimacy was made on
the grounds that it incorporates both an end-state and a process
which can be used interchangeably or stand alone. It is a term
which encompasses religious as well as psychological perspectives
and easily accommodates theories of human development.
Throughout Section l of the book, Forbes uses Ultimacy to discuss
the goals of education and the importance given to it by the founding
authors of holistic education. This concept becomes the linchpin
in the following discussions on what needs to be learned, what
facilitates the needed learning in the students, and the aspects
of teachers that facilitate this learning.
Using the above intellectual framework, Section
II is concerned with an analysis of the ideas of holistic education
through an examination of six founding authors deemed to have
made a unique contribution to the understanding and development
of holistic education, referred to throughout the book as The
Authors. The six authors selected are Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Johann
Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Carl Gustav Jung, Abraham Maslow,
and Carl Rogers. The work of each author is examined in terms
of ultimacy, competence, student characteristics and teachers'
understanding in relation to the educational enterprise.
The inclusion of Jung in this esteemed line-up
may seem at first discordant, but when one considers the breadth
and depth of his psychological contribution to our understanding
of what it means to be human, it turns out to have been an extremely
good choice. I suspect that quite a few graduate students will
be pointed in a direction that will prove fascinating and enthralling
for them if they are looking for areas in which to conduct empirical
The same may also be said for Section III where
the work of Basil Bernstein is used to conduct a sociological
analysis in which holistic education is examined in terms of what
Although, from previous comments, it may be
deduced that this reviewer is not a Bernstein fan, I defy any
educator not to be stimulated and provoked by this section of
the book. A controversial and contentious character like Bernstein
is just what is needed to refine our critical endeavours.
If teachers and students do not feel passionately
about what they are doing in the classroom, or whatever constitutes
for them the educational environment, then what hope is there
of ever changing or transforming our human condition? And, who
among us would want to argue that it does not need changing, and
perhaps, radically so?
In conclusion, I would like to say something about Forbes writing
style. It is scholarly without being pedantic, it is clear and
concise without being patronizing, and his tone throughout is
one of moderate persuasion; informed by intellect but not dominated
by it. It is a writing style that most students will find eminently
There is no doubt, at least in my mind, that
Scott H. Forbes' work will become a touchstone for all those researchers
and scholars alike, who dare to believe that education, in the
fullest and deepest sense of that word, can lead to the awakening
of true human intelligence.
B.A., Dip.Ed., M.Ed., (Sydney University)
Dip.Theol. (Melbourne College of Divinity), formerly Lecturer
in Teaching and Curriculum Studies, Edith Cowan University,
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WHO targets vaccinating 36m weekly as omicron sub-variant spreads
If African countries are to reach 70 percent vaccine coverage target for their citizens by mid-year, they need to increase the pace of vaccine rollout by six folds to 36 million, the World Health Organisation (WHO) has said.
Matshidiso Moeti, WHO regional director, Africa said vaccine uptake on the continent lags the rest of the world with only six million vaccinated weekly, speaking during a briefing on COVID-19 vaccine update.
Nicksy Gumede-Moeletsi, a virologist with the WHO, in a separate conference said an omicron coronavirus sub-variant known as BA.2 has been detected across Africa, hitting Senegal, Kenya, Malawi, Botswana and South Africa.
Although new cases and deaths are declining except in South Africa, about 11 million COVID-19 cases and 239, 000 have occurred in Africa due to the pandemic.
The continent has received slightly over 587 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines.
But in January, 96 million doses were shipped to Africa, more than double the monthly delivery to the continent six months ago, Moeti said, suggesting that the world is finally responding to Africa’s calls.
“Currently, we are vaccinating about six million people a week. That number needs to increase exponentially to 36 million a week to put countries on the path to beating the pandemic. We must address our work to include the short shelf life of delivery and operational bottlenecks,” the Africa regional director said.
The body admitted that the rollout of vaccines is massive coordination and logistical undertaking and that many countries have challenges with inadequate resources and delivery capacity.
It, however, said it has joined forces with partners to urgently ramp up capacity to enable countries to improve coordination and speed up vaccinations.
The UNICEF also will support 20 countries with the lowest vaccine uptake.
Gumede-Moeletsi urged countries to beef up their genomic surveillance, sequencing more coronavirus samples to determine the extent of its spread.
“We’re a bit concerned that we may have missed some of this BA.2 in some of the samples that we’ve screened previously,” she said.
The sub-variant as studies show appears to be more infectious than the original omicron strain which was discovered by South Africa and Botswana in November.
Research also shows that getting a mild infection with either of the two strains may not give an immune response sufficient to protect against another omicron infection. Early data from BA.2 infections in Denmark and the U.K. indicate that the strain doesn’t yield more severe disease.
BA.2 is spreading rapidly in South Africa and has been found in seven of the country’s nine provinces, Tulio de Oliveira, a bio-informatics professor who runs gene-sequencing institutions and advises the government on the pandemic, said in a presentation last week. It has the potential to cause a second surge of infections in the current wave, he said.
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To provide a forum to identify and resolve safety and security issues and concerns and to promote safety and security awareness within the College community, each campus has formed a campus Safety and Security Committee. These committees work in concert with Security, Safety & Risk Management and Facilities personnel to identify and correct physical safety and security hazards.
Each committee meets monthly or as agreed by the committee members to review safety and security incidents, identify trends and develop ways to reduce safety and security risks. Corrective action plans may be developed, with members of the committee assigned responsibility for overseeing them.
A link to the meeting minutes for each committee is shown on the Safety & Risk Management web page, as well as the name of each committee's chair. If any member of the College community has a safety or security issue or concern, please address it to one of the Safety Committee members for your campus or email your concern to either the Manager of Safety & Risk Management at firstname.lastname@example.org or the Director of Security at email@example.com.
The following are the chairs for each campus' Safety and Security Committee.
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http://www.palmbeachstate.edu/safety/campus-safety-committees.aspx
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Bookbug Bags are free and full of brilliant books and goodies for you to share with your child. We hope you’ll enjoy exploring and developing a love of reading together at home.
Bags are given to every child in Scotland, from birth to Primary 1. Your child will receive four bags in total: Baby Bag, Toddler Bag, Pirate Bag and the P1 Family Bag. There are also Gaelic versions of each bag available.
You can find out more about what's in each of the bags by clicking below.
How do I get a bag?
The bags are free and you don't have to sign up to the Bookbug programme to receive them. Bags are given out in different ways depending on where you live. Typically, the Bookbug Baby Bag is given out by Health Visitors in your baby’s first year. The Bookbug Toddler Bag is also given out by the Heath Visitor when your child is aged between 1 and 2. The Bookbug Pirate Bag or Bookbug Explorer Bag is given out at nursery when your child is 3. (From March 2016, the Bookbug Pirate Bag will be phased out and replaced with the Bookbug Explorer Bag. Your child may receive either the Pirate Bag or the Explorer Bag.)
When your child goes to school, they will receive the Bookbug Primary 1 Family Bag. These are typically given out during Book Week Scotland which takes place in November every year.
If you haven’t received a bag but you think you should have, your local Bookbug Co-ordinator will be able to help. There is a co-ordinator in each local authority to help make sure the Bookbug programme runs smoothly. Your Co-ordinator will be able to give you more information about how bags are given out in your area and help ensure you receive your bag as soon as possible. It's also worth checking with your local library - a number of branches have stock of bags on hand.
How do I contact my Bookbug Co-ordinator?
Take a look at our local contacts page and click on your local authority. At the top of this page, you’ll find a name, email address and telephone number for the Bookbug Co-ordinator in that area. Bookbug Co-ordinators are very happy to help with any questions about bags, Bookbug sessions or the Bookbug programme in general.
Get in touch
The Early Years team are on hand to help with any questions or comments you might have about the Bookbug programme. You can get in touch with us through any of the following ways:
Telephone: 0131 524 0179
How do I find out which local authority I live in?
If you’re not sure which local authority you live in, simply enter your postcode on the Direct Gov website to find out.
Can I get Dual Language Books?
Unfortunately, we are currently unable to include dual language books in the Bookbug Bags. However, you can find out more about books for bilingual families here.
How are the books chosen?
The books included in our bags are pitched at the appropriate age range. The books represent the highest quality in publishing for the Early Years with appealing illustrations and excellent use of language, rhythm, rhyme or repetition.
For a behind-the-scenes look at how the books get from the publishers to your bag, check out Ruth Grindley's blog.
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IT WOULD BE strange if any segment of the liturgical year left out the theme of migration. The Bible is riddled from end to end with the journeys of nomads, pilgrims, exiles, returning exiles, and the risky intrusions of strangers across boundaries erected to deter them.
This season’s poster child for divinely inspired mobility is the lovely figure of the Moabite “alien” Ruth, who chooses to leave her own country and accompany her beloved Jewish mother-in-law when she returns as a widow to her native Judea. Ruth’s story is romantic, even erotic, as she daringly slips into the arms of Boaz during the sexually charged siesta at the threshing floor. But our readings are no mere novelette. Scripture shows how much hinged on her pluck and her allure. Her great-grandson will be David, and her descendant Jesus the Messiah!
“Where would we be without immigrants?” is one of the many questions between the lines of the scriptures. The Bible has lots to say to us about the divine impulse active in migrations, and the opening of the heart to “strangers within our gates”—things guaranteed to alarm defensive nationalists of every stripe.
I remember the deep spiritual emotion that caught us all up in Boston’s Faneuil Hall during my naturalization ceremony—Cambodian refugees, Vietnamese grandmothers, Salvadoran families, and all the rest of us. I think of the migration of my own great-grandparents to Russia, and the adventures that have scattered my own family from New Zealand to Mexico. How God revels in mixing us all up!
Martin L. Smith, an Episcopal priest, is an author, preacher, and retreat leader. His newest book is Go in Peace: The Art of Hearing Confessions, with Julia Gatta.
[ NOVEMBER 4 ]
What Kind of 'One'?
Ruth 1:1-18; Deuteronomy 6:1-9; Psalms 119:1-8; Hebrews 9:11-14; Mark 12:28-34
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|NITAAI-Veda.nyf > All Scriptures By Acharyas > Suhotra Dasa Tapovanachari > Apasampradayas > Conclusion|
"Please do not deviate."
In the first part of this article, it was established that a genuine vaishnava is known by his good qualities. Because the Vedic scriptures prescribe the chanting of the holy name of Krishna to be the essential dharma in the present age of darkness, a vaishnava is to be especially recognized by the quality of his chanting. As Srila Prabhupada explained, "You should always remember that either grhastha or brahmacari or sannyasi, nobody can strictly follow all the rules and regulations. In the Kali-yuga it is not possible. Therefore Caitanya Mahaprabhu has recommended that hari-nama, chanting Hare Krishna mantra, should be very rigidly performed, which is common for everyone."
If a person advertises himself as a Gaudiya Vaishnava by chanting the Hare Krishna maha-mantra and yet deliberately commits namaparadha (offenses to the holy name), he disqualifies himself. The link between namaparadha and deviation from the sampradaya is indicated by Srila Jiva Gosvami, who warns in Bhakti-sandarbha that there are offenders to the holy name who are acikitsya or incorrigible (jnana-lava-durvidagdhastra-acikitsya-atva-dupeksa), who immediatly become insolent and arrogant due to acquiring a little knowledge from the sampradaya. Such acikitsya-namapradhis are automatically disbarred from the sampradaya because of three kinds of namaparadha: sadhu-nindha, guru-avajna and sruti-sastra-nindha.
Yet the incorrigible offender never concedes the fact of his offenses. He cannot understand that the mercy of the spiritual master and the association of pure devotees are indispensible to the chanting of the holy name. Because he highly values worldly knowledge and accomplishments, he looks down upon the simple devotees who have surrendered themselves to devotional service. This is sadhu-ninda (blasphemy of the devotees of the Lord). He cannot accept that the spiritual master is a transcendental teacher, not a worldly one; thus he tries to measure the person and instructions of the guru by his own mental standards. This is guru-avajna (disregard of the spiritual master). He studies the revealed scriptures as he would ordinary literature, gleaning from it whatever seems to support his preconceived notions, heedless of the rest. This is sruti-sastra-nindha (blasphemy of the revealed scriptures).
The acikitsya-namaparadhi confuses the growth of these and other offenses within his heart with the growth of the bhakti-lata (creeper of devotion). Thus he mistakes his fallen condition for a condition of great advancement; such is the illusion from which the apasampradayas have sprung.
By taking proper shelter of the sampradaya, we learn to avoid offenses and protect the creeper of devotion implanted in the heart by the spiritual master. By offenseless chanting of the holy name, the creeper grows to full maturity and bears the fruit of krishna-prema, pure love of God
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The Role of Anharmonicity in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems: The Case of Water Clusters
The nature of vibrational anharmonicity has been examined for the case of small water clusters using second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) applied on second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) potential energy surfaces. Using a training set of 16 water clusters (H2O)n=2–6,8,9 with a total of 723 vibrational modes, we determined scaling factors that map the harmonic frequencies onto anharmonic ones. The intermolecular modes were found to be substantially more anharmonic than intramolecular bending and stretching modes. Due to the varying levels of anharmonicity of the intermolecular and intramolecular modes, different frequency scaling factors for each region were necessary to achieve the highest accuracy. Furthermore, new scaling factors for zero-point vibrational energies (ZPVE) and vibrational corrections to the enthalpy (ΔHvib) and the entropy (Svib) have been determined. All the scaling factors reported in this study are different from previous works in that they are intended for hydrogen-bonded systems, while others were built using experimental frequencies of covalently bonded systems. An application of our scaling factors to the vibrational frequencies of water dimer and thermodynamic functions of 11 larger water clusters highlights the importance of anharmonic effects in hydrogen-bonded systems.
Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
Temelso, Berhane and Shields, George C.. "The Role of Anharmonicity in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems: The Case of Water Clusters." Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation (2011) : 2804-2817.
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https://digitalcommons.bucknell.edu/fac_journ/85/
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Shopify has introduced Shopify Polaris. A new design system that helps Shopify Designers and partners to create a consistent user experience for merchants. The system helps use best practices from Shopify’s own design team when developing new interfaces and apps.
What Is Shopify Polaris?
The Shopify Polaris design system is a set of comprehensive guidelines and principles that designers can use while building apps and channels for Shopify. It offers a range of resources and building elements like patterns, and is available to all Shopify partners. Instead of focusing on creating already-existing elements and mimicking design patterns, Shopify Designers can now focus on what really matters: providing solutions that blend in with Shopify seamlessly. This gives better user experience and keeps everything uniform and consistent.
The Polaris system holds all the building blocks needed to create apps that will feel familiar to merchants, and won’t require a learning curve. Plus, it allows partners to download a style guide, a library of components and patterns, and a UI kit they can use.
We’ve recently been using it to do some rapid prototyping for app development. And it’s saved us a tonne of time to work within a fixed design framework – even though we were sceptical at first about the benefits.
What Is Shopify Polaris Used For?
Shopify Polaris is used to build all the elements that make up a great user experience. From the app and channel content to design and layout patterns. The Polaris design system includes the following:
Guidelines and best practices on creating elements for Shopify admin and apps, incorporating accessibility and internationalisation options. The aim is to provide merchants with a fluid experience when switching between core Shopify and app functions. Because for usability they should look and feel the same.
Guidelines and resources on using content to improve user experience. From writing product descriptions and using the right tone and voice, all the way to naming products and adding alternative text, this section covers best practices on utilising language as a powerful UX element. Here, designers can learn all about preferred date formats, the proper vocabulary for actions, and developing a strategic plan for language.
Resources and guidelines on using colours, typography and illustrations, as well as best practices on sounds and icons. This section also covers the use of spacing, data visualisation, and interaction states.
Includes a collection of readily available interface elements, including React and CSS components, that Shopify Designers can use to provide a consistent experience across channels and apps.
Best practices for arranging the page layout: from screen structure to page components, standard layouts and navigation. This section also covers best practices for error messages including; types of messages, what colours to use, and the best way to display various error message types.
Getting Started With Shopify Polaris
Shopify Experts who want to design with Shopify Polaris will need to download the Sketch UI kit and React components first. These can be accessed from the main Polaris landing page.
To get them:
Scroll to “Resources” at the bottom of the page > click “View more resources” to get access to the downloads section.
There, you can also find links to helpful documentation, developer forums, and blogs. Plus, links to third-party tools that can further enhance what you are building.
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Can You Legally Rescue A Dog Trapped In A Car During Hot Weather In New Jersey?
Despite this topic being discussed every single year, we still have a problem.
A lot of pet owners know this but it is extremely dangerous to leave your dog in the car -- especially when it is hot outside and even when its NOT that hot out.
Did you know that if it is 75 degrees outside, the inside of a car can heat up to 94 degrees in just 10 minutes?
There have also been dogs who have passed away even when the car's air conditioner is left on because the area is not properly ventilated.
Dangerous numbers...and yet...
According to NJ.com, "hundreds of dogs die each year due to heat exhaustion because they are left in hot vehicles." This is according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.
So what do you do if you stumble upon a dog trapped in a car? And is it legal to break into a car to save a dog?
The answer is infuriating and needs to be changed in New Jersey.
If you planned on breaking the car window to rescue the dog, just know some serious consequences come with it.
According to NJ.com, "there is no 'hot car' law in New Jersey [and] no one has the authority to break into a vehicle to save the pet - not even law enforcement."
Wait, it gets even more confusing.
According to NJ.com, "Police can still seize the animal and arrest the owner, because it's illegal."
Nineteen other states in this country have good Samaritan laws in place and New Jersey needs to be added to this list.
A human can legally be rescued, then so should our pets.
If you agree, contact your legislature because that is the first step to getting this rule changed.
For the fur babies!
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Contents of Volumes 28-52 Cumulative Subject Index List of Contributors
First published in 1963, Advances in Parasitology contains comprehensive reviews in all areas of interest in contemporary parasitology. Now edited by J.R. Baker, R. Muller, and D. Rollinson, and supported by an international editorial board, Advances in Parasitology includes medical studies on parasites of major influence, such as typanosomiasis and scabies, and reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy, and life history. This index volume chronicles the contents of Volumes 28 through 52 and includes a cumulative subject index and contributor list.
- Second in the ISI Parasitology List in 2001
- Enjoys an Impact Factor of 4.097
- Series encompasses over 35 years of parasitology coverage
Researchers in parasitology, tropical medicine, entomology, zoology, and veterinary science
- No. of pages:
- © Academic Press 2003
- 18th December 2003
- Academic Press
- eBook ISBN:
- Hardcover ISBN:
Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London, U.K.
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, U.K.
Professor David Rollinson is a Merit Research Scientist at the Natural History Museum in London, where he leads a research team in the Wolfson Wellcome Biomedical Laboratories and directs the WHO Collaborating Centre for schistosomiasis. He has had a long fascination with parasites and the diseases that they cause, this has involved him in many overseas projects especially in Africa. He is on the WHO Expert Advisory Panel of parasitic diseases, the editor of Advances in Parasitology and a former President of the World Federation of Parasitologists. His research group uses a multidisciplinary approach, which combines detailed molecular studies in the laboratory with ongoing collaborative studies in endemic areas of disease, to explore the intriguing world of parasites in order to help control and eliminate parasitic diseases.
The Natural History Museum, London, UK
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https://www.elsevier.com/books/advances-in-parasitology/baker/978-0-12-031755-4
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Five more patients died of Covid19 infection in Arunachal Pradesh while 358 new positive cases were reported in the state in the last 24 hours.
The news has been confirmed by the health department of Arunachal Pradesh.
According to the latest Covid19 bulletin, released by the directorate of health services, Arunachal Pradesh, the Covid19 cases were detected out of 5,673 tests on Friday.
Of the new cases, 138 cases have been found symptomatic while 230 cases are asymptomatic.
In the last 24 hours, 288 patients have been discharged after their recovery from the disease.
So far, a total of 30850 people have tested positive for Covid19 in Arunachal Pradesh.
A total of 27,438 people have recovered from Covid19 infection so far.
The Covid19 recovery rate of Arunachal Pradesh stands at 88.94%.
Arunachal Pradesh currently has 3,274 active Covid19 cases.
The state’s positivity rate stood at 10.61% on Friday.
A total of 138 patients have succumbed to Covid19 infection in Arunachal Pradesh so far.
The state’s Covid19 death rate stood at 0.45% on Friday.
@9:40pm on 11th June 2021
358 covid-19 cases detected
5673 samples tested
138 symptomatic cases
230 asymptomatic cases
288 patients discharged
5 patients death@PemaKhanduBJP @libang_alo @Parthi25017671 @drmlego @DDNewsArunachal @ArunachalDIPR pic.twitter.com/m1FpiD6Ypj
— Directorate of Health Services Arunachal Pradesh (@DirHealth_ArPr) June 11, 2021
On Thursday, a total of 5 patients died of Covid19 infection in the state while 245 new positive cases were recorded in the state.
The new Covid19 cases were detected out of 6,731 tests on Thursday.
While 108 cases were found symptomatic, 137 cases were asymptomatic.
On Thursday, 302 patients were discharged after their recovery from the disease.
Till Thursday, a total of 30492 people tested positive for the virus in Arunachal Pradesh.
The state’s Covid19 recovery rate stood at 89.04% on Thursday.
The number of active Covid19 cases in Arunachal Pradesh was 3,209 till Thursday and the positivity rate was 10.52%.
On Wednesday, two patients succumbed to Covid19 infection and 247 new positive cares were reported in Arunachal Pradesh.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://nenow.in/north-east-news/arunachal-pradesh/arunachal-pradesh-covid19-update-5-more-patients-die-358-new-cases-detected.html
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Élément(s) ajouté(s) récemment
|Langue||English + Occitan|
|Format||156 x 234 mm|
|Code Distributeur||PAIEO V|
The "Costuma d’Agen"
A Thirteenth-Century Customary Compilation in Old Occitan
The Costuma d’Agen (customary laws of the Agenais, in south-west France) compiled in Occitan at various times in the thirteenth century and preserved in the Livre Juratoire, or swearing copy (Agen, Archives départementales de Lot-et-Garonne, MS 42), is here transcribed with an English translation on facing pages. An introduction and an index are included. Appendices provide the text of five chapters “missing” from this manuscript, along with several pertinent charters from Agen and a fuller description of the Livre juratoire by Professor M. Alison Stones, University of Pittsburgh. The manuscript contains many colored illustrations and capitals.
The Costume emphasizes the power of the local city council, which often seems to override that of the local count. The laws or customs written in the book deal with many topics including jurisdiction, citizenship and military duties, crime, property, civil and criminal procedure, the local wine and salt trades, and local feudal law.
Aucun commentaire client pour le moment.
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https://www.espaci-occitan.com/botiga/fr/histoire-etudes/1907-the-costuma-dagen-a-thirteenth-century-customary-compilation-in-old-occitan-9782503519203.html
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Mystic Hips recently had a news story published in the Courier Journal. Below is the story...Snakes are a trademark of belly dancing troupe
When members of the Mystic Hips Belly Dancing Troupe reflect on their years of performing together, they tell stories about laughter, lessons learned and their love for the dance form.
And, more often than not, those stories will also include snakes.
The group, which is made up of four southwestern Jefferson County women between the ages of 29 and 50, uses snakes to add mystique to its performances while also striving to debunk myths about the reptiles.
The dancers are Pleasure Ridge Park residents Patt Selimah Stanfill; her daughter, Shannon Safiyyah Reed; Amy Sameena Gibson; and Valley Station resident Roberta Soraya Wise.
Stanfill, the group's founder, who got her first taste of belly dancing as a teen in the 1970s, recalled doing a show where she was performing next to a swimming pool.
When I pulled out the snake, everyone moved back about 20 feet. Even the kids in the pool moved to the other side, she said. But when it was over, people came and wanted to pet him.
The women acknowledge that snakes are not a part of Middle Eastern belly-dancing tradition; Stanfill said that the practice of incorporating live animals into such performances is more closely related to American carnival and fair performances of the 1800s.
But because all of the women own and care for snakes, involving the animals allows them to merge two loves.
All but Reed keep snakes in specially modified and secured areas of their homes. Stanfill has 11, Wise has two, and Gibson, whose husband is a snake breeder, cares for about 100. Most often, the members dance with ball pythons, boas and Everglades and Texas rat snakes.
And then there's Osiris, the 8-foot-long Argentine boa who worked the poolside event with Stanfill. Since the group began dancing with the animals about seven years ago, Osiris' celebrity has grown. So much so, in fact, that Stanfill can't help but laugh at how popular his online Facebook page has become.
I started Osiris his own page a little while ago, she said. Now he has more fans than Mystic Hips.
Gibson, a General Electric Co. manager, said encountering the animals up-close has the power to change minds.
We educate the crowd on snakes, that they're not horrible monsters that will eat their children, because they're not.
Clifton Community Council board member Janie Estes said the reptiles were very well-received by residents who came to the neighborhood's Harvest Festival in September.
Everyone really liked it, said Estes, who coordinated the festival event. It's not something you see very often unless at an arts show or restaurant. They walked around with the snakes. It was really cool.
Dancing with the snakes, however, is not for novices, the women say.
You can't choreograph what we do with a live animal. Depending on the temperatures, especially if it's warm, they could be very active, Stanfill said, adding that the dancer also has to protect the animal from a fall and avoid a lot of dance spins. It can be like a belly-dance performance and wrestling match.
But after a while, Wise, a 45-year-old cosmetologist and 11-year belly dance veteran, said the dancer and the animal can learn to move well together.
It's pretty easy, Wise said. You just let them lead.
With or without the snakes, the women credit belly dancing with improving their lives through higher self-esteem, artistic expression and exercise.
Reed, 32, grew up watching and helping Stanfill prepare and rehearse for shows. It wasn't until she was 14, however, that the Norton Healthcare financial analyst was able to overcome her shyness and perform, she said.
Challenges from multiple sclerosis haven't stopped her from performing. Louisville's belly-dancing community has, in fact, rallied around her as she deals with her illness.
It's like a big family. They've held a benefit for me, Reed said. It's helpful
to keep active and keep fit. I love (belly dancing), and I want to do it even when I feel bad.
For Wise, belly dancing helps fulfill a lifelong dream.
I always wanted to be a dancer, but I'm not very limber. And when I was younger, we never had a lot of money for lessons or anything like that, Wise said. I'm not sure what it is about it. I just feel free.
Gibson said belly dancing is also keeping her fit.
It's not so much that I've lost weight as toned up. You learn how to roll your stomach muscles, and I can feel muscles in my stomach now I didn't feel before, Gibson said.
Estes, meanwhile, says she was so impressed with Mystic Hips that she's eyeing them for another upcoming event her wedding.
My fiancé doesn't dance, so I think I'm going to need a show during the reception, Estes said.
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In this course you will gain all the knowledge you will need to build an interactive command line program in Java. No prior programming experience is required. You will create an interactive game that prompts users for different parts of a sentence and then generates a story using those words.
What you'll learn
Write programs in the Java programming language
Use the console to interact with users
Use basic data types to store and name data
Use conditionals and looping to control program flow
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<urn:uuid:65f77224-2c34-482b-af60-bc5d2b99b51c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://teamtreehouse.com/library/java-basics
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The Essence of Evolutionary Culture
The bi-polar quality of culture means it possesses both innately internal and innately external aspects, just like the bi-polar quality of beauty does. Since conceiving beauty depends on human psychological and mental characteristics (other living beings are incapable of it), comprehending culture also has an innately internal aspect resulted by “The Principle of Protecting Evolutional Essence.”
As beauty has a virtually external aspect, such as the refreshing appearances of a flower, moonlight, a river fall, or beautiful handwriting, so does culture, like observable examples of morals, works of art, and architectural characteristics representing various external acquisitions and ideals.
The most apparent evidence for the bi-polar quality of culture is the same as that of beauty, which is specifically devoting the capability of comprehending beauty to man. In other words, cultural life is exclusive to human beings. If we consider all of the given definitions for culture, we find that none are applicable to animals.
Human perception and activities are undoubtedly unlimited from an evolutionary point of view. Man's experiences throughout history obviously prove that although no human being can innately achieve the essence of greatness, moving on a path towards the highest virtues is nevertheless a characteristic of mankind which has caused his immense accomplishments and all well- established encyclopaedias around the world approve of.
Hence, those activities and phenomena not rising from mental and psychological processes cannot fit in the definition of culture, no matter how appealingly fantastic they may be. Even if interesting issues play a role in preventing life from becoming monotonous and fading the boundary between physical and spiritual affairs, they should nevertheless be excluded from culture -for the sake of the essence of culture itself let alone when they are harmful, e.g. obscene pictures which demolish moral chastity, or some types of music and drugs.
Unfortunately, fallacious paralogism has brought about deviations in the highly virtual meaning of culture, degrading it to a level which ranks humans with lowly animals, like gathering many huge snakes intrigued to bite; as ancient Persian culture states:
نيش عقرب نه از بهركين است اقتضاى طبيعتش اين است
“Scorpions do not sting out of revenge or hate; their nature causes them to do so”
However, some lethally dangerous “human beings” tend to use all of their valuable capabilities and talents consciously for their own selfish pleasures and desires, reasoning that ‘pain is terrible, and losing one's wealth and possessions is truly painful’. This is the natural ego observed in man throughout history.
Can brotherhood, equality, reasonable liberty, graciousness, and human dignity be achieved through such natural egos so deeply immersed in conflicting disturbance? By no means, for such a wish would prove only a humiliatingly deceitful hallucination.
Therefore, accomplishing high virtues such as unity, logical equality and brotherhood in human societies inevitably requires perfect cultural elements like proper, meritorious morals and the highest qualities, such as justice, dutifulness, sympathy towards peers, accountability towards other fellow citizens and conceiving the exquisite glory of the universe by comprehending its beauty and fine order, all of which guide man along the quickest possible way to the creator of the rules of equality among men. No other path would lead to the pure ideal depicted by Universal Human Rights, man's general culture, morals and human universal nature.
Nowadays, scientists, experts and anyone with the least basic knowledge can merely refer to any well-known encyclopaedia to realize the essence of a culture able to save humanity, which can be defined as:
“The proper quality or deserved methods used for those of man’s physical or spiritual needs based on human logical thoughts and emotions arisen from reasonable evolutionary lifestyles.”
This is a fundamental part of our discussions on culture. In other words, by presenting the definitions of culture in various well-known encyclopaedias all over the world, we prove -at this critical period of time -that the commonalties between them all are properness, perfection, physical and spiritual development, graciousness, dignity, integrity, meritorious life, responsible freedom, and lawful justice.
Now let us analyze the above mentioned definition1 that we stated as the most comprehensive of all. Doing so, we will come to four main principles vital to achieving the important ends and content of culture.
ONE: The concept of culture -as presented in civilized nations -include “proper-ness” and “deservingness” based upon the logical thoughts and emotions arisen from people. Thus, although some phenomena in some societies may be regarded as culture, they cannot even be considered as true cultural phenomena, let alone if they conflict with reasonable thinking, emotions, and literature for they do not contain logical thought or perfect human emotions. This is why no aspect of selfishness (racism, greed for money, power, fame or pleasure) can fit into the concept of culture, for as we quoted from the world's most distinguished encyclopaedias:
“Culture is the proper quality or deserved method of the phenomena in man's life; in other words, culture contains the highest values.”
Thus, those who call greed for fame, money, power, pleasure, selfishness or mutiny culture, have betrayed the highest of human virtues terribly. Calling a person or a society cultureless is the worst insult possible.
TWO: Without culture as we defined it, human life does not deserve to go on, for a life without culture means a life empty of meaning, thought, logic or perfect human emotions.
THREE: The more the culture of a society depends on logical principles and high human receptions, the more meritorious and proper it will be.
FOUR: Culture is a two-dimensional reality, consisting of absolute and relative aspects.
Clearly, by “absolute” we do not mean in the philosophical sense, but that it is much more comprehensive than other relative cultural elements. Such a categorization brings us to general and special cultures.
Special cultures, caused by the relative aspect of culture, pertain to certain nations or peoples of specific thoughts or emotions. A few notable examples are the cultures of bullfighting in Spain, or the exaggerated amount of courtesy and bowing in Japan.2
General culture pertains to meritorious qualities appropriate to man's physical or spiritual lifestyle, phenomena and activities not limited to any specific nation or race, e.g. cultures like aesthetics, mutual respect among people, justice, knowledge, and creating heroes.
We may conclude from the above statements that, since culture means the proper qualities fit for the physical or spiritual phenomena and activities in man's life, accepting and reflecting the totally natural compulsory facts or effects of human life such as eating and drinking cannot be regarded as a part of culture; however, their connection to prayers, which is quite common in Islam and some other religious societies, fits into the domain of culture. Defending one's life, preparing a shelter, or accessing scientific or philosophical facts through the senses can also be considered as a part of culture.
It is quite difficult to make a clear distinction between these two types of cultural elements without encountering a conflict, for accusing man of ignoring the gloriously perfect human ideals for providing the necessities of his life, would be denying the most obvious of fact -all reason and conscience.
Defying human glory and man's great ideals, and degrading mankind down to being equivalent to honeybees, means destroying all humanity. Furthermore, isolating cultural concepts from the vital facts of life -like knowledge, science and other mental activities that adjust or life -leads to the separation of perfectionist tendencies from normal life, which in turn causes spiritual dilemma between “natural and evolutionarily spiritual” life.
Early in the 21st century, we have seen many pioneer societies on the earth making great effort in order to implement the most realistic economic, social, legal or moral ideologies in their communities. Not only did they fail to do so, but they have even -as we have already seen in the definitions of culture in such countries as Russia or China clearly admitted the necessity of a pioneer spiritual culture regardless of any presumptions of an ideology.
Accepting the necessity of culture is not brought about by one or a few conventional factors, but by man's human nature, without man would totally lose his humanity when “man stepped which out of his prehistoric caves and entered the unfeeling wheels of a machine.”
Hence, ever since man came to being, he had culture beside him to provide his life with delicacy and fulfil his highest spiritual ideals. Man's close connection with culture has given profound cultural value to morals and arts (in a general sense), true knowledge, “taboo morals”, customs and even laws. It is quite a simple, unquestionable fact that without spiritual culture,3 man would lose his life.
Solzhentisyn4 has thus elaborated on this matter at the International Congress of Philosophy in Liechtenstein:
"We can generalize the same moral expectations we consider for man to governments, rulers, parliaments and political parties. If politics does not have a moral basis, there will truly be no future for mankind. Russians have been literally witnessing this since centuries ago. I unfortunately see that my countries’ goals have fallen way behind even the West.
After seventy years of unbelievable pressure and suffocating dictatorship, there is now abundant freedom among the poor classes, and many people have totally forsaken their conscience; however, we must not let this problem distribute among other countries. As we approach the end of the second millennium, this problem continues to threaten all of mankind.”
"We do make progress -but in what? What kind of advances are the issue here? Progress is limited to technological civilization, more luxury in life and military explorations. We are voraciously swallowing the nature that we take for granted. But among such progress -devoid of any moral development -our physical needs increase with such extreme rapidity that we are left confused.
We insatiably keep expanding our possessions (in other words, we more and more use up our resources of human identity); however, when it comes to acquiring higher moral virtues and spiritual goals, we prove to be futile tools of greedy exploitations. Transportation and communications now take place at incredible ease; people can travel all around the world with a mere pressing of a television button.
Yet, in the middle of such an ocean of superficial information, the human soul is not only failing to progress, but is actually heading for doom. The more materialistically luxurious man becomes, the more will his spiritual life fade away. Scientific, technological, and economic advances are leading us to slavery. Constantly in seek of new discoveries, we have lost our goals; what indeed, is the end in life? We failed to escape from our endless responsibilities.
Telephones and television demolished the integrity of our time, and began to impose the conditions upon us. Communication among humans began to frail. People, particularly the elderly, found themselves living alone. Unable to put technology to use in welfare aims or to unite humans, we have become its plaything. Progress couldn't keep us away from globalizing responsibilities. Furthermore, we are increasingly unprepared for them.
We have lost the rhythm that was always alongside our virtual and physical well-being; good and evil have become illusively obscured. Another outcome of our spiritual degradation is the absence of the relaxed attitude we used to have towards death.
However financially secure one may be, the fear of death starts a cold sweat on any tycoon's skin. Insatiable, scandalous lifestyles have brought about an immense horror of death. As man gradually tries to consider himself the center of the universe, he tends to see the universe as a part of himself, rather than see himself as a part of the universe.
The presumption "Everything leads to death” has begun to dominate us like a threatening weapon. Nuclear threats rule the Twentieth century. Although everything seemed indifferent afterwards, the threat created a uniting concept in order to impose itself again on Western societies. Towards the end of the century, internal ideological decay caused Communism to self-destruct. The demise of Communism caused the nuclear threat to recede, at an unpredictably rapid rate. The world, however, still does not feel completely secure.
Communism still lives on in Some parts of the former Soviet Union, for as brutal capitalism continues to disgustingly ravage its national resources –to such an extent that even has the West astonished -Communist slogans on 'equality and justice in poverty , have appealed to classes unable to withstand the conditions”5
Progress in several cultural elements, such as science, cultivating talents and potentials, usually responds with a positive answer: Yes, culture has evolved throughout history, Of course, evolutional progress in culture is any perfectionist human being's ideal. But does history also confirm such progress?
If development means scientific advances concerning nature and human lifestyles, such culture has definitely made profound progress. The reason is quite obvious: the vital needs of life in nature, and also man's greed and ambition for power, has greatly expanded the necessary phenomena of culture.
We have already noted in our definition of culture that the necessities and worthy aspects of cultures do not always necessarily arise from reality, for man has time and again created artificial demands out of his selfish greed for power, and labelled them the necessities of life. For instance, exploitations, weakening peoples' will power and various sexual intrigues have been called art, considered a meritorious culture.
However, the other aspect of culture -including man's evolutionary needs for perfection -despite an ideal to any clear conscience, has not only failed to progress, but even shrunk due to advances in man's necessities for natural life (i.e., physical culture), to such an extent that it is sometimes considered as a disturbing factor. Let us consider the reasons why physical culture has made so much progress, but evolutionary culture heads for deterioration (of course, we do not intend to deny any exceptional cases):
1. Inability in finding a culture that can moderate selfishness and protect and follow evolutionary virtues.
2. Affections that lead to positive virtues vanish due to the ignorance of cultures receiving reasonable and observable beauty.
3. Neglecting cultures concerning rights, power and how to use power in order to uphold righteousness.
4. Ignoring the culture of benefiting from outstanding figures and genius among the society.
5. Greed for power, fame and wealth has demolished man's culture of scientific conscience, except for a painfully meagre minority in which it has been confined inside their pure souls
6. What on earth happened to the constructive culture that could elevate human relationships from a hide- and-seek charade to an ocean of pure souls where waves constantly meet?
روح انسانى كنفس واحده است روح حيوانى سفال جامده است
Human spirit is a unified soul, whereas in animals it is but a rigid lump of clay
در عدد أورده باشد بادشان بر مثال موج ها اعدادشان
Their number is as great as the wind, and flow strongly as waves
جون كه حق رش عليهم نوره مفترق هركز نكردد نور أو
His light will never suffer division for God supports it.
7. After all these years of endeavour to create civilizations and humanities, and all the toil and sacrifice put into making fundamentals -like a) meritorious life, b) human grace and dignity. c) reasonable. responsible freedom and d) total equality towards laws - a reality, not only puppet rulers today still unconsciously do obey powerful tyrants totally ignorant of humanity, but philosophical cultures such as Machiavellian’s doctrines on survival and the theories of authoritarians like Hobbes or Nitche are even taught at universities without the least criticism.
There are dozens of other examples verifying evolutionary meritorious cultures being are ignored by the majority of today's human society.
Among the worst effects of the decline in meritorious evolutionary cultures on man's life was his deprivation of acquiring higher virtual truth, which led to committing any kind of injustice. As a result, their perception of reality has become extremely limited. Let us consider an example of such intense limitation:
People have lost their ability to comprehend mental reasonable beauties. Mechanized life culture prevented man from understanding the beauty lying in the universe and in the essence of life. In other words, man is now only capable of sensing the beauty of a flower (an observable beauty) -that is how painfully degraded mechanized life has made him.
Thus, the beauty of realities such as justice, righteousness, freedom of conscience, human dignity and chastity and the essence of life remain buried in books of sermons.
Various greed-driven crimes defying all morals and conscience, especially in political cultures, have caused irreversible damage to evolutionary culture.
The changes occurring in the logics behind human socioeconomic trends -shifting towards increasingly consumerist societies requiring more and more manufacture -has demolished the culture of “earn to live”, which leads us to “live to provide the desires of the greedy” culture:
“In today's technological circumstances, the motto has become: More Production, Better Economy!”
Do they really not know -or do they consciously ignore -who is actually responsible for more production? Are they unaware of those trampled under the pressure of manufacture increases? They do not seem to realize at all that however plentiful the mines and resources on earth may be, they will eventually run out.
Racism and regionalism are other “meritorious evolutionary anti-cultures” that are rapidly strengthening along with the “development of today's civilizations”. In fact, unlike many short-living socioeconomic theories and schools of thought, racism and regionalism are rooting stronger day by day, putting all laws, cultures, knowledge, economics and universal human power up to ridicule.
We have already mentioned that since man is directly involved in the formation of culture -it is man who builds up a culture out of his environment, historical phenomena, relative and/or absolute ideals and his concept of ideology, and also it is man who attempts to harmonize permanent laws with temporary events in a period of time in order to create a culture he could live by, and finally because man has too many aspects to harmonize -cultural elements usually suffer from disharmony, and ruling authorities prefer accountable “things” rather than “people”.
The primary reason for such disharmony is the authoritarian and power-greedy tendencies that prefer cultural elements directly or indirectly effective in enhancing domination and power. Thus, there would be no need for any organized system of social culture.
In other words, it is possible to have a moral culture based on emotions and still base scientific culture on purely mental anthropology .Like-wise, having abstract tendencies in ethical artistic cultures, and yet seeing observable tendencies in its historical culture is also possible. Or maybe a purely supernatural religious culture beside a totally realistic scientific culture, e.g. European Christianity during the last two centuries compared to their scientific realism.
The reason behind the destructive effect of disharmony of cultural elements upon the entire Islamic culture lies in the unity of human life, primarily based on “man's evolutionary virtues.” When basic cultural elements fail, unity vanishes and all of human culture faces certain doom. The most harmful form of disharmony in cultural elements is the isolation of spiritual basics and mental human virtues from physical aspects of culture, which is a result of greed for wealth, power and purely animal-like desires.
Here is an excerpt from a paper by Paul G. Bahanan, anthropology professor at the University of California:
“All cultures undergo change, some slowly and some rapidly. Since culture consists of various factors. Changes in one of them would also affect the others. Some sociologists believe that many social problems are due to disharmonious changes in cultural elements. Cultural retardation occurs when some parts of a culture tend to follow others. Many cultural retardation in the history of the United States have occurred in its non-physical traditions, thoughts and issues. Science and technology advance so rapidly that they have put spiritual issues way behind6.
The main reasons citable for disharmony in the cultural elements of a society are:
1. Selfish rulers: No meritorious reality in the world has survived destructive influences by the selfish.
When people believe that “law” is a spider web aimed to entrap the meek, culture will indeed be regarded as devoid of any worthy qualities of life or compulsory guidelines.
2. Hedonism, which arises with “the natural self” and strengthens with nihilism, and defies all laws and principles.
3. Authoritarianism, in any form or caused by anyone it may be, demolishes all cultural merits, and so cleverly decorates their remains that it seems to claim, “I have granted you the most desirable culture you could imagine!" Poor simpletons who never cease to be deceived time and again by jargon like cultural or civilizational transfer.
راو هموار است و زيرش دام ها قحطى معنى ميان نام ها
The road is smooth, but riddled with hidden traps; an abyss of meanings in an ocean of names.
لفظ ها ونام ها جون دام هاست لفظ شيرين ريك أب عمر ماست
Words and names are like traps, as pebbles beneath water (our life) passing us by.
“Pursuant culture refers to physical or non-physical qualities and ways of life based on no pre-established principle, but seeking approval only through people's desires.”
In other words, such cultures arise from any need, behaviour or desire people have, regardless of their compliance with man's non-physical realities.
Thus any of people's desires opposing religion, morals, dignity or logic can be considered as culture! Such Fraudulence in the name of culture7 has greatly spread during our times, and will undoubtedly lead to the annihilation of humanity.
Although pursuant culture obviously means obeying human desires, we must keep in mind that it also provides selfish authoritarians with the chance they need.
In fact, this kind of culture both satisfies people's purely natural desires, and those of their rulers, who find the opportunity to not only fulfil their people's wishes, but also disguise any factors opposing religion, morals or human dignity in the name of culture.
Pursuant laws could prove to be much more suitable for people's needs rather than pursuant culture, for “laws” pertain directly to the context of people's lifelines, which thus can be constantly modified and adjusted according to people's actual needs; culture, on the other hand, being based on non-physical beauties and delicacies, cannot be manipulated -by people's physical needs. However, any lowly, morality-defying activity or quality is nowadays publicized in the name of culture.
Considering this theory proposed by several sociologists, we may come to the conclusion that a constructive, pioneer culture as the leader of human civilization should be a doctor, not a waiter:
"Doctors are highly different from waiters, Waiters in a restaurant provide you with whatever you desire, whereas a doctor follows his own academic principles; he prescribes what he believes necessary, regardless of what you think, A pioneer politician should be like a doctor, not a waiter.”
Let us present a few examples to elaborate on this critical point:
a. Is it possible for an ordinary person to interfere in the most advanced of academic issues merely by having freedom and pursuant culture?
b. Can the medical practice allow an uneducated person to examine and cure sick people only on premises of freedom and pursuant culture?
c. Can we possibly let anyone enter an operation room and, relying simply on freedom and culture, begin to cut up people's bodies?
d. Is it possible to conceive someone stepping into a gun factory and start to comment on everything, and meddle with any tool he wishes, on the basis that, “I am making use of freedom and pursuant culture, of course? The times when people were deprived of freedom and their desired culture are over. Decadence is forbidden all over the world!”
e. Will there ever be a day when anyone would comment on any scientific or technological matter he wished, and if told, “you are not educated in such issues, so you should not meddle or interfere”, he would retort, “Yes, I am entitled to use my own culture and freedom, for the age of decadent deceptions and forcing people to imprison their thoughts are over!”
f. Culture and freedom are indeed amazing. Consider someone whimsically wearing a decorated military uniform. If he faces protest, can he claim, “Down with the anti-Liberty! Down with the anti-culture!”
Obviously, all of the above-mentioned who carry the book entitled Freedom8 should be taken to mental asylums.
Now we can move on to the main point: whenever man has considered an issue essential to his survival, he has applied pioneer principles -sciences concerning human relationships, managing labourers to one's own advantage, social leadership, political activities and employing cultures for specific purposes, medicine, surgery, lethal arms and armour and military propaganda -quite successfully, though man's intrinsic progress calls for the truths about his perfectionist growth.
Hence, all the cries for freedom, free pursuant culture and free art! And humanity was degraded back to even before prehistoric ages. The reason why is that cavemen had not confined their potential for progress to their own selfish desires, and had -consciously or unconsciously - begun to activate their talents.
Here are a few examples of the culture of facts demolished in many societies -not because they failed to resist and satisfy man's evolution, but due to selfish rulers making illusive brainwashing using terms like freedom, free culture, free arts and other deceiving magic tricks:
1. Culture as authentic sympathy for our fellow human beings, not a business tool;
2. authentically moral consciences guiding our souls towards the highest goals of life, like a precise compass;
3. culture, the highest aim in life;
4. culture depicting honesty and keeping promise only for its moral desirability, not for making a profit;
5. culture in the form of responsible freedom and just deeds and thoughts;
6. culture as the sacred identity for knowledge;
7. culture in the form of cooperation in making use of various forces, which are blessings;
8. culture as the generalization of constructive, pioneer arts;
9. culture as referring to the media, documented propaganda, avoiding lies and misinterpreting the truth;
10. culture as the highest of cultures, providing all people with their deserving earnings.
Out statement, “Whenever man has followed pioneer systems, he has successfully achieved progress” does not imply that man can evolve progressively by abstracting and adjusting a group of key issues called laws; we mean to state that throughout history, whenever man has made and obeyed laws based on well-prepared information -without the influence of public desires -he has made successful evolution. Thus, in issues concerning science, technology and any matters benefiting man's physical needs or selfish desires, we see man successfully using pioneer culture, whereas in evolving the essence of man -which involves religion and morals -he has totally ignored pioneer culture, and followed cultural phenomena in the name of “following free culture.”
1. Sedimentary culture: In this form of culture, fixed laws based on ethic, mental, geographical and historical factors form totally unchangeable lifestyles and guidelines which can destroy or adapt other changes to their own advantage. If non human and non-natural factors cause a sedimentary culture, compulsory environmental factors or the people's psychological in capabilities to adjust to positive changes may lead to useless insisting on ‘self’-orientated activities.
2. “Colourless liquid” culture refers to deceptions and explanations based on no fundamental, psychological roots, which are hence constantly variable. Societies possessing a history, of course, seldom seem “colourlessly liquid”, for as we have already seen, cultural ism originates from a basically active psychological source.
Any society throughout history tends naturally to pass its concepts and guidelines in life on to its next generations, and while this phenomenon -or better said, psychological factor -remains, the culture will also keep its stability in a number of activities and effects.
Thus we now come to two points:
a. As we have already mentioned in our discussion on Cultural Disharmony and Its Reasons,9 there is no logical need for the cultural elements of a society to by harmoniously related; therefore, some elements may be “liquid,” rootless and highly change-prone, while others are stable and well-established. In some Arab societies, for instance, stable moral cultures accompany fervid changes in political cultures.
b. Despite being a relatively stable phenomenon, and however constructive a culture may usually be, when based on Machiavellian rules of social life management, they will fade away. We also know that despite all of the immense advances man has made, he is becoming increasingly powerless in distinguishing “means and ends”, particularly in societies incapable of managing human power; in such societies, power dominates people, and their essential culture destroys any principle or culture aiding them to achieve their goals.
3. Self-orientated culture (pursuant self-orientated): In this kind of culture, activities and effects that interpret cultural facts are essentially the desired ones, and completely quench cultural ideals. Such “self –orientation” specifically pertains to 19th and 20th - century scientific, technological and economic cultures.
“The self-orientated” inhibits the main identity of culture, which is creativity and developing the ideals of the “human self” in various aspects of life. The other effect of “self-orientated” culture -which is by no means less dangerous than the first - is changing man from the creator of science and technology to a helpless part of them. We should keep in mind that when one or several aspects of human life.
For example, the art of make-up -turns “self-orientated”, it would become unable to satisfy other culture-seeking aspects -e.g., the desire for truth. Therefore, duality in character arises; the ego partly mixed with the effect (in this case make-up techniques) dissolves in it, for it has turned “self-orientated”, and the other, seeing the rest of the human culture-seeking aspects fade away, gradually disappears, and the whole character is engulfed by the original effect.
Fortunately, observations show that not many people are obsessed by “self-orientated” influences, so there are always people conscious enough to condemn other's infatuation by some qualities in life or the weakening of other human culture-seeking aspects. Alexis Carrel in 20th century France, Thomas Eliot in England and William James in America - and also many other scholars from all over the world -have openly denounced such Internal captivities.
4. Dynamic, objective and pioneer culture: The following verses depict the pure source this kind of culture originates form:
قرن بكنشت اين قرن نويست ماه أن ماه است وأب أن أب نيست
Centuries passed; and a new one began; the moon is the same, but the water flowing by is not.
عدل أن عدل است وفضل أن فضل هم ليك مستبدل شد اين قرن وامم
Justice and greatness have not changed, only the centuries and the rulers have.
قرن ها بر قرن ها رفت اى همام وين معاني بر قرار و بر دوام
Many centuries have one by, O valued one! Yet, these concepts have remained firm and strong.
شد مبدل أب اين جو جند بار عكس ماه وعكس اختر بر قرار
Though the water in the stream has changed repeatedly, “the moon and the stars seen in it are still the same” (Mowlavi)
بس بنايش نيست بر أب روان بلكه بر اقطار اوج أسمان
Thus, the moon and the stars are based not in flowing waters, but in the highest of heavens10.
This kind of culture is not affected by activities susceptible to the variables and unstable aspects of life, for it is caused by permanent natural facts and originally human aspects, and aims for the relative ideals guiding man towards the highest goal in life. In fact, this is definitely the human culture that is essential to any human civilization throughout history. This is the culture that can free itself from greedy, selfish rulers and continue serving the society.
Its other quality is its ability to neutralize morals and traditions based on imperfect thoughts, efforts to fill the realistic gaps of life, and in general, all unstably regional factors devoid of authentic ideals.
By further studying creative, objective and pioneer cultures, we understand why many other human cultures have diminished. The main reason is the sedimentary activities caused by the deterioration of their creators, or “self-orientated” cultures in which man imprisons himself instead of any analyzing and explaining his activities. Therefore, even if the cultural results they cause are able to survive, they will gradually turn taboo, and disappear from the horizon of the society.
We must first bring back to mind the culture-seeking factor cited in the four definitions before addressing the roots of objective culture.
The general history of mankind, scientific evidence and philosophical experiences all prove that man cannot remain satisfied with his compulsory natural and biological qualities (as bees or ants do), and when his basic physical needs have been provided, he will strive to know the “hows and whys” of nature, turning his whole environment upside down to find his answers; and since his sensory, logical and mental viewpoints are unlimited, after achieving each goal he asks himself, “Now what?”
Taking such adventurous, insatiable behaviour towards various situations into close consideration brings us to a basic reason (or reasons), without which we would never be able to comprehend the motives behind objective -or even other -cultures. It would be impossible to find out the factors causing the rise, climax, demise, fall, or even transfer of cultures between societies without taking the roots of culture-seeking into consideration. Likewise, we would not be able to achieve a pioneer, objective culture.
Human culture-seeking appears to be based on primary and secondary factors:
THE FIRST ROOT is the active psychological factor arousing man to build and arrange his natural, physical surroundings and adjust the unchangeable phenomena around him in a way appropriate to his creative self.
THE SECOND ROOT refers to internal and external factors belonging to specific countries or peoples which determines the former root, and explains their modes of life.
Considering the first -and primary -root of culture- seeking, we may conclude that cultural diversity is as numerous as those of human aspects aiding man to adjust and change the world according to his ideals. However, we have already seen that man is not capable of building a perfect culture that would satisfy all of his various aspects; he cannot accumulate and organize all different cultural components. Unfortunately, every civilization throughout history has had to suffer such failures.
The reason for the above-mentioned inability is not due to negligence or uncontrollable inhibitions blocking the culture-makers way, but lack of attention to the active psychological factor aiming to both build a suitable home out of natural, unchangeable processes, and cause positive changes. On the other hand, we should remember that confining a society to -for instance -its ancient monuments, does not suit today's dynamic trends. Also, how can a bundle of taboo behaviours established ages ago - with or without good reason -be able to satisfy today's highly developed man? Indeed, such arts, morals, beliefs and lifestyles can play an active role in today's culture in two ways:
First: Their general social and/or psychological impact- if they have caused any.
Second: Historical application and understanding how lifestyles of the past were colored by those cultural affects, and also how the society found its definite path, the perfect “home” its people had made.
In order to have an authentically original culture; we must relate all of our ideal activities and/or outcomes to the active psychological factor, which -although stably creative- can provide them all. It would prove totally infertile, however, without being saturated with the crystal- clear viewpoint arising from man's internal, perfect culture for life.
We had better now elaborate briefly on the clear aspect of culture.
The observable aspect of culture refers to those ideas, ideals and accounts of life materialized by visible effects in our world, e.g. works of art, moral ethics or technology supplying our requirements.
The clear aspect of culture depicts the ideals, emotions, morals and goals chosen for man's life, which - consciously or unconsciously -account for his individual or social lifestyle. They are “clear”, which means they have no visibly observable aspect. For instance, when a French historian writes about Napoleon Bonaparte from a clearly racist point of view, he would definitely call him the greatest hero of all time, as an Iranian racist historian would do so with Xerxes in a clearly racist approach.
Assessing The History of Gibbon on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire, Whitehead also believes that:
“Gibbon has produced a successful account of history, albeit from a totally 19th century point of view.”
Ever since the eighteenth century, the scientific aspect of culture has in two ways brought about the current situation in the West through intensive brainwashing:
First: an incredible, human reality -the eagerness for discovering facts -that has been a human ideal ever since the earliest times: science. As it provides men contact with facts, science is considered a critical virtue of life, thus engulfing all mental endeavours around the world.
Second: science gave birth to technology, which caused great luxury in people's lives. Societies where technology was developing became so fascinated with its economical and prestigious advantages that, not only did they totally forget humanity and a deserved human life, they even made science a slave of its own creation, technology –“scientific bankruptcy”11 arose, and logical human virtues were totally ignored. A clear aspect of “We are the highest race” and “We are Pioneers of Human Development” was engraved in their minds! It is now still spreading at full strength.
The unbelievable result is, the motto “I have technology, so I am the greatest on earth; I own everything all over the world, which I may use at will!”
This, indeed, is the culture that is gradually destroying original, worthy cultures of different peoples, and has clearly turned into an anti-culture.
The great cultural aspects that have been sacrificed by the clear “We are the greatest” aspect are: the highest of human emotions, a broad scope of life, the high aim of life, sympathy, and balancing powers and privileges to man's benefit. It has revived the fight for survival, which thousands of prophets, wise men, philosophers and any other human-loving person all around the world tried so hard to uproot!12
The clear, unobservable aspects of culture -which account for its observable ones -differ widely in nature, range and activity:
1. The nature of some clear aspects of culture -which can also explain its visible aspects -arise from natural human qualities, like selfishness, greed for power, etc, each of which vary greatly in form and approach. Since they are human-originated their range is much stronger and greater, or as Thomas Hobbes claims, “Man can attack man like a wolf.” We must keep in mind, however, that all conscious individuals or communities aware of humanitarian sacrifices made in benefit of human justice and emotion throughout history, not only do not admit being affected by -and accepting -selfish and power-greedy aspects, they even pretend to be against them.”
2. Racism and inadvertent patriotism, (in any way, not illogical patriotism) is another clear aspect of culture that is -consciously or unconsciously - influencing other aspects”
3. General ideals all well-balanced humans have agreed on throughout history, such as science, arts, civilization, health care, etc.
These clear aspects, if activated without being contaminated by selfishness or ambitiousness, can be -in their true nature -extremely useful. But unfortunately, as we have already mentioned, they have caused sidekicks which have totally demolished their creators' good name.
Saving ourselves from such clear aspects -which first entice us with their attractive appearances, and then turn into oceans of selfishness and greed to drown us -is only possible through determining the greatest of goals in life and adhering to them.
Although the simplest and most straightforward, the way to improve the clear aspects of culture is also in the most exclusive and essential one proposed by wise intellectuals. It is, however, the longest and most complicated, too.
The most direct, simplest, and still the longest and most complex way is for man to return to himself; today's man has fallen greatly astray from his own self.
Clear aspects, of culture interpreting and explaining all cultural effects and activities are like glasses with colored lenses, changing man's viewpoint of his life. These aspects of life can undoubtedly give no pure reflection of man's observable world, for reflected observable phenomena cannot be more effective than their real image; purely imagining beauty is never as influential as seeing real, visible beauty. The imagination is only intrigued when the viewer wants to possess the beauty, or paint a picture of a beautiful phenomenon.
Likewise, a mental image of freedom cannot be as intriguing as real freedom; it can only be effective when it proves its desirability to the imaginer.
Therefore, we must distinguish clear aspects of culture from pure imagination; in order to do so, we have to consider the fact that clear aspects have the activating effect reflections and imaginations are devoid of. Besides, reflections and imaginations identically reflect what exists in the visible world -like a mirror -but they ignore their relationships with each other or basic goals fundamental factors; the clear aspect, however, accounts for all observable facts along with their connections with logical ends.
Hence, all dimensions of life -pleasure, pain, knowledge, need, logic, imagination, morality, religious and ideological tendencies, artistic creativity, etc. are explained by the clear aspects of culture. If they are confined to facts formed by compulsory, thoughtless activities, they would in fact only be reflections acting on naturally- originated factors.
We may conclude that, in order to provide satisfactory answers to the “hows and whys” of life, the clear aspects of life should provide man's highest ideals in life. Thus, we can state that any culture unable to determine the highest aim of life, will also definitely fail to provide its ideals.
Without activating the constructive aspects of life, the highest aim of life would not be capable of being creative or dynamic. Any individual or society requires evolutionary goal-setting -whatever its cultural effects may be -in order to achieve an objective freedom which can ensure the survival of an original culture. In such cases, any cultural effect or activity would prove devoid of any saturation by idealism or providing a basis, like a heap of compulsory activities. Aimless works of art, despite being highly attractive and exquisite, can only motivate us momentarily, but they do not guide us after we are aroused. If we accept the necessity of objectivity in original cultures, the rigid traditionalism in some cultures would definitely turn into original, constructive ones.
Cultures move towards their goals just like souls do. In fact, the culture of a society depicts its soul, and all of its cultural activities and affects represent the attitude of its spirit.
Thus, the only way to create an original, objective culture is to enhance the emotions and thoughts of the members of the society, and make them so harmonious that each human being would freely be able to create his/her own desired culture.
As we have already mentioned, without elevated goals, it is impossible to achieve true freedom of character, otherwise the society would fall into “free” slovenly cultureless ness, which would shatter away when compared with other cultures. Now that we have realized the need for explaining and interpreting the highest reasons and goals of life, we should find an ideology capable of such interpretations vital for creating an original, objective culture.
Ever since earliest times, many ideologies have proposed various ideas on the highest aim of life; however, by studying them, we come to a universally agreed conclusion: “Any target is located higher than the one that is aiming at it.” Thus the aim of life must be much higher than the mortal phenomena and activities of everyday life in order to provide a satisfactory explanation for the whole fundamentals of life.
Tendencies to move towards higher goals will certainly prove incompatible with the rise or fall of some cultural effects and/or activities; furthermore, the cause-and-effect rule puts culture -the “effect” -into the right evolutionary course. Of course, there is great debate over what the great aim should be, and we do not tend to go into its complicated details.
With the exception of hedonists and nihilists, all schools of thought -as we have already mentioned -agree that “the target is always higher than one aiming at it.” Thus, no school of thought can present phenomenon or activities as the highest goal to make an original culture -or as Mowlana Jalaluddin calls them, the “shadows of life”:
لطف شير وانكبين عكس دل است هرخوشى را أن خوش ازدل حاصل است
“The pleasure of eating honey and milk arises from the soul, all pleasures arise from the identity of human soul.
بس بود دل جوهر و عالم عرض سايه ى دل كى بود دل را عرض
Thus, the heart is the true essence, and the world but an effect, How can the shadow of one's soul become its cause?
The most valuable and greatest quality of objective culture seeking an objective life is its logical organization of cultural elements -the highest human ideal. Objectiveness leads to cultural organization, as having an aim for one's soul causes mental order and discipline.
It should not be so surprising to us that cultural elements suffer from so great disorder in most human societies today, for philosophers and intellectuals have also for some time claimed to be unable to determine the true aim of life. After all, when the human spirit is mutilated by economists, lawyers, psychologists, expert sociologists and greedy technologists, how can we expect a culture with logically organized elements?!
All in all, we are left with no choice but to first solve the puzzle of the aim of life, and then move on to organizing the fundamentals and rules of a culture. Culture- maker today are apparently obliged to consider the highest aim of life; otherwise, the way today's mechanical lifestyles and uncalculated civilizations are going on, they will undoubtedly face nihilism.
No aim can suitably explain a certain period of human life -his lifetime -including all regional and social, factors depending on historical knowledge and human capabilities without addressing these four questions: Who am I? Who am I with? Where am I going to? Why am I here?
By such questions, man undoubtedly intents to find out how he depends on his world. Now matter how his ideology may be, it is enough for man to have a world to be born in, get familiar with, develop a passion for, and finally die.
Without love to explain our relationships with the world we live in, there would never be any of the vast, fascinating cultures that have formed throughout history, nor any of the arts originating from man's far-reaching ambitions. Perfectionist, ambitious man, always reaching for higher positions -however highly accomplished his activities may be -can only be saturated by divine attractions -to which the only way of entrance is the human soul -unless, however, a cultural activity or effect is exaggerated and disguised so greatly that it would satisfy man's insatiable spirit. Such cultures would prove alive, colourless, sedimentary and self-orientated.
Considering our above discussions, we come to the conclusion that it is impossible to achieve a dynamic culture without religious and ideological factors caused by objective life.
By “ideological factors” we do not mean a heap of illogical, unverifiable beliefs, but man's spiritual awareness moving on the path of evolution towards divine attraction. As Iqbal Lahouri says:
جيست دير برخواستن از روى خاك تا كه اكه كردد ازخود جان باك
What is religion? Rising from the earth, to achieve self- awareness of the soul
Along such a path, the world has been resembled to man's precious body, full of both cultural results and activities to “decorate” the home. In fact, the precious “home” is the world inside the “self”, which will stay with us forever; it is not a place to stay for some time and then leave.
The culture established by Islam is an aimed life that strongly activates human aspects of aesthetism, desire for knowledge, logic, and idealism, and organizes all cultural elements. It does not isolate scientific culture from high human morals, does not separate artistic culture from the culture of economic guidance, and finally, considers the unity of culture as a dependant upon unity in human souls, thus preventing its destruction. The elements of Islamic culture -referred to as “culture of the mind”, “qualities”, “science”, “morals” (literally) and “the best form of all affairs” in major references -all belong to a high concept: wisdom and philosophy.
This wisdom includes any kind of activity able to enhance objective lifestyles for each individual or society. The first founder and promoter of this culture is God, who granted man the means to write, talent, power to express himself, taste, and the constant desire for seeking perfection and stable basics in the ever flowing stream of events.
As a result of this culture:
“Three centuries after the Holy Prophet (s) died the city of Qartaba. with a population of one million, had eighty academic schools and a library including 600,000 books:
Arabic had become the main language of science. During this era, knowledge resumed spreading around the world. Zachariah Razi (251-313 AH) did a thorough study on smallpox, and his colleague Abul-Qassem Khalaf bin-Abbas Zahravi (d 404 AH) did the same for brain and spinal bone diseases.
Avicenna (370-428 AH), named "the prince of science”, had upgraded medicine in the Islamic society to such an extent that when one of the kings of Castill caught smallpox, he asked his enemies in Qartaba for help.
Mohammad ibn-Jaber-ibn Senan Battani (d 317 AH} has brought much honour to his country through his famous works. A noble aristocrat, Battani had great respect for Ptolemy, although he himself exceeded Ptolemy in accurately studying the equinox calendar, and was the first to use the sinus instead of the hypotenuse, which led to today’s trigonometry13.
Literary culture as a whole -the voice of any cultural ideal -became such a mighty creative factor in Islamic societies that by presenting Jalaluddin Mowlavi and his like, it influenced all other constructive cultures around the world, and any literary school of thought today recognizes Mowlavi as one of its constituents.
However, other ordinary cultures do not enjoy such systematic establishment.
Let us take the statement “Literary and artistic modernity inhibits scientific advances”14 into more careful consideration. By comparing it with the article “Scientific Bankruptcy Announced”,15 what may we conclude. ..?!
On the other hand, had the need for organizing and saturating all of man's psychic aspects been taken into consideration while constructing and continuing cultural changes, certainly no advance in one cultural affect would inhibit the others; in other words, literary and artistic modernism would not prevent science from developing and inappropriate expectations of observation, experience, or ignorance towards ideological culture and scientific bankruptcy would never happen.
As we have already stated:
“The culture established by Islam is an aimed life that strongly activates human aspects of aesthetism, desire for knowledge, logic and idealism, and organizes all cultural elements”
Artistic constructions in Spain, India, Iran and Syria - about the highly exquisite qualities of which all scholars on art agree -depict how strongly Islam enhances aesthetic aspects.
The Koran has pointed out God-made beauty on seven occasions, for instance:
"We have adorned the lower heaven with the adornment of the stars.”16
"We have set in heaven constellations, adorned them out to beholders.”17
"Say: Who has forbidden the ornament of God which he brought forth for His servants, and the good things of his providing?”18
In the above verses, “ornament” and “adorning” refer to beauty, both in its general and special meanings. The first two verses show its special meaning, and the third refers generally to any attractive, useful phenomenon.
The plentiful Koranic verses encouraging thought had such a profound mental effect on Muslims that very soon Islam became the focal point of science and knowledge. During the dark Medieval era, when all countries were deprived of any knowledge, Muslims successfully kept the flame of science burning. Other cultural elements, such as moral ethics and idealism, also highly flourished. All of these organized advances were due to their being based on the original principle of the objectiveness of life. If the basis is destroyed, all effects arising in the name of culture will also be of compulsory origin, showing fake liveliness like a water-sprinkled flower cut from its stem.
Before we answer this question, we must determine what is meant by “various” cultures. Let us consider some different kinds of culture:
First: cultures able to coexist in harmony due to their original commonalities, e.g. the cultures of holy religions (Islam, the Jews, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, and any other religion able to verify its holy origin).
The best reason for the potential for harmony among the above-mentioned cultures is the vast amount of various vital qualities that have made all divine religions ever since Abraham (a), uniting people from many religious bases.
We clearly see how Islam, by providing freedom of belief and culture for the religiously intellectual, made harmony possible between them and Muslims, and all were able to endeavour in fields of science, ideology, industry, and culture throughout various eras of history; it seems the Islamic civilization has belonged to them all.
Can history ever deny the intimate, sincere co- operations various religions have made in medicine, in hospitals and research centres around the world since many years ago?19
The real commonalities between various religions causing their harmony are original realities such as:
1. The source of the universe (God);
2. God's wisdom and will in order to emancipate and perfect man (by giving them logical thought, conscience, and great prophets);
3. the realness of eternity;
4. the fact that God Almighty is truly the greatest and wisest;
5. all divine religions agree on the fact that man deserves a meritorious life, and is definitely entitled to dignity, graciousness, chastity, responsible freedom, education in all spiritual and/or physical matters.
Of course, all religions agree on the basic rights in Abraham's religion; therefore, they should also be in agreement on any cultural element based on these rights
Second: cultures harmoniously common in fundamental ideologies and basics of natural life, and also cultures having the same ideas about the optimum, logical life -though their common points may not be religious
Examples are celebrations after victory over a common enemy threatening all people's lives; also, commonalities in creating arts that depict man-made advances towards a better life in this world
Third: cultures that conflict in their ideas and concepts of the universe, particularly in their interpretation of life and its primary end
Even if such cultures do not neutralize each other, obviously their differences would in time make them all ‘colourless’ cultures in coexistence; however, since their ‘colourlessness’ is due to disturbing conflicts, they would never be capable of harmony.
There are numerous examples of these cultures, like the contrast between Iran's national culture and its religious culture -Islam Of course, their ‘contrast’ does not imply that they cannot harmoniously coexist; contrarily, as we see, the elements of national culture based on the real issues of physical and spiritual life -that can play a useful role to mentally prepare people to accept factors leading to prosperity, are also accepted in the religious culture, like artistic poetry which is a highly popular art in Iran.
Provided being applied in accordance with facts serving man's prosperity, this cultural element is not only undoubtedly accepted by Islam, but even strongly encouraged by some religious references to be used to develop descriptions of realities about the world and man as they should be.
The criterion for cultural harmony lies in those affairs useful for man's physical and spiritual life. Such high cooperation and harmony between national and religious cultures caused Iranians to begin the greatest of scientific, philosophical, artistic, industrial, legal and moral services in the framework of Islamic culture, thus raising Iran to its pinnacle of flourish. Let us now briefly address national, religious and western cultures and their compatibility with Iranian culture.
Those who claim Iran is capable of having three different cultures, should first consider the fact that, when added to a land, ‘nation’ is not just a word anymore; Iran's history goes way back in time, and our country has seen various cultures in different eras. These scholars should be asked, therefore, which one of Iran's culture they mean.
Iranian culture has gone through various periods; the Arian invasion; the Medes era; the Achmanid era; the Arsacides; the Parthians; the Keyan dynasty; the Sasanids; and many other ears after the rise of Islam. Are the commonalities among all of these eras meant here?20
If by “culture” here we refer to phenomena making man's logical mode of life understanding, objective and mentally enlightening, it is not only certainly compatible with Islamic culture, but also even encouraged and promoted by it. The criterion is, however, whether Western culture is capable of basing itself upon an objective man in an objective world or not.
During the last decade of the twentieth century, hedonism and utilitarianism dominated man's life goals in the West. Of course, we do not mean to deny the unquestionable figures and goodwill intentions occurring in Western countries. But the dominant trends are, as we mentioned above, mixed with various forms of opportunist authoritarianism.
In brief, Islamic culture is based upon a “logical mode of life”, which originates from the commonalities among divine religions (actually, all from Abraham's religion); undoubtedly, any culture -Western or Eastern -able to adjust itself to these common basics can have a profound role alongside Islamic cultures in reviving the prosperity of human societies.
Therefore, those who opinionate on the possibility of three harmonious cultures (national, religious and Western) coexisting in Iran, are either not thoroughly aware about them, or have been lured to express such ideas.
Now let us consider the basics of today's culture in the West, and see whether they are acceptable in Islamic culture or not.
First, we should keep in mind that the fundamentals of Western culture do not account for all of its people's thoughts and interest -the definitions given in dictionaries and encyclopaedias verify this, too -and are merely facts consisting of the foundation of their culture, or may be imposed by authoritative force.
Therefore, persons or phenomena exist in their life-styles which contradict the basics of their culture. A few of today's fundamentals of Western culture are:
1. Worldly life: man's “last” stop. Stated in most Western works, it makes up for the majority of Western scientific culture. Unfortunately, the authoritative power of science -sometimes even more forceful and inhuman than Medieval infidelity -is at times used for verifying this basic of their culture; scientific appearance, obviously, is sometimes much more harmful than scientific outcomes.
Thus, with all of the evidence given by human conscience and pure logic that the world cannot be the end of man, relying on science in order to deny this fact will not only make science seem worthless, but even stupefying.
2. Absolute freedom for any individual or group, provided that they do not disturb others' legal rights Thus, individuals must have no legal confinement in life at all; one can commit the filthiest of actions, and nobody can stop him/her.
Let us remind those who “expertly” tend to mix Western culture with Islamic culture about quotations made by the US Attorney of State:
"For an American, law and religion cannot conflict more. Western countries, even those that do not insist on the boundary between religion and politics, consider the law as just a worldly issue highly influenced by current affairs....which legislators and law courts are to carry out. The government should control it totally, not churches or religion. Thus, the law we have in America cleverly by-passes religion, and only breezes past moral dutifulness. In other words, an American can be law-abiding and still morally deteriorated.”21
Can a culture only considering man's coexistence and legal rights towards other people ever be compatible with a culture that takes account of all human aspects, guiding them in a law-supported “logical” path?
3. The essence of power: although the essence of -power is generally not a main component of Western culture -it is even still rejected in some Western literary and more works -but alas, its influence shows in every aspect of today's political and social culture in the West -particularly the practical aspects. Even cooperation, teamwork, appreciation for one's peers and their decisions is considered a device for achieving power; thus, the current trend in Western culture is not “Death is the natural destination for the weak; no powerful dies before weakening”, but the strong trying hard to weaken people in their own physical aspects, leaving them to struggle towards their “natural destination”: death!
4. The essence of pleasure: Not only does-Western culture encourages pleasure in life, it even uses scientific jargon to justify it: “Depriving oneself of pleasures leads to complexes and other psychological abnormalities!”
Although these passionate lovers of fame admit that leaving pleasures causes mental activities to weaken:
جز ذكر نى دين او ، نى ذكر او سوى اسفل برد او را فكر او
Sexual pleasure his entire world, his filthy thoughts would take him to the bottom of hell. (Mowlavi)
they did not expand the concept to the pleasures of science, mystic knowledge, helping others, justice and piety.
5. The essence of profit-making and opportunism: Utilitarianism is so obviously established in the West that there seems no need to prove its dominance through reasoning, explanations and surveys. This part of Western culture claims man to be constantly seeking his own benefits: “No one can stop me from achieving what is to my advantage; I am entitled to take as my own anything I consider advantageous to me, even though it may harm others.” Is this correct, or had we not better say, “Nobody has the right to harm or damage what I have?”
From logical, moral, legal, philosophical and religious points of view, definitely the latter is correct. It is totally immoral to let people appropriate anything they consider to their advantage! This can he claimed only when all people have the right to deflect harm coming to them.
6. Machiavellian trends in political culture: This method weakens all human rules and principles to the benefit of politicians’ goals - who are definitely unaware of man’s various needs thus making everything unimportant in their viewpoint
It is true to state that ever since Machiavellian methods stepped into human management, the essence and formality of mankind has suffered irrevocably We shall address another point on this matter in the next item
7. Spreading pragmatism without correctly interpreting it: If it were interpreted so that it claimed abstract, unreal concepts useless and inapplicable for find out the truth about the universe - since they are neither receivable nor practically usable - we could regard it as logical and acceptable, but the actual case is, the only criterion used to judge issues is clearly observable, outer actions.
However, man’s critical mental, spiritual and physical needs cannot be considered as acts; hope, goodwill, recognition of observable, logical beauty, justice and spiritual persistence and dutifulness are highly superior to utilitarianism and are the highest ideals and pillars of morality of most great religions', for they pertain to man’s spiritual grandeur.
When a culture considers the observable actions as the criterion, it has in fact ignored the most fundamentally important element of evolution: man's spiritual development.
8. Limiting scientific knowledge: Limiting knowledge to what can be observed merely by physical senses and human-made laboratories, confines the primary factor in man's development -religion, morals, wisdom, mystic knowledge and other originally mental realities of man's soul, the omission of which led to “The Bankruptcy of Science”, and human survival in the 21st century was put into great danger.22
9. Presenting irrelevant issues in the name of philosophy and ideology: It is an undeniable fact that for many years, not only has the West failed to come up with an organized, systematic philosophical ideology, but even ignored the need to define some deeply meaningful concepts. Man, on the other hand cannot freely interpret and explain life without understanding the general basics of the four connections (man-himself, man-God, man-the universe, and man-other people).
10. Prosaic arts: It is quite surprising how “arts” can be combined with the “prosaic”, which refers to anything low and destroying high human morals. The prosaic, referring to all of the immoral, cannot exist alongside art, which arises out of perfection.
Today's Western art -if it can be called art -merely aims to astonish its viewers. The more amazed they become, the more artistic a work can be considered!
On the other hand, any prosy, root-drying, meaningless phenomenon can be presented to the unaware in a highly attractive form, and still cause the same amount of amazement. But can such spectacles reveal any of the realities concerning man's objective path of life? What kind of persons will the outcomes of these kinds of art be? Neither these arts, not their creators have able to answer such questions so far.
As a whole, cultural triteness and employing culture to serve physical desires, utilitarianism and authoritarianism, is enough to destroy any culture, for when man falls into banality and unlimited physical desires, he has no identity left to provide a culture with.
Let us now quote from Mr. Robert G. Ringer’s statements, which are of the most alerting cries of the human soul in Western societies -drowning in mechanized infidelity, insensibility due to superficial, limited desires - depicting the fall of original, human cultures:
“What has caused the conditions of life in the West to change so much? Why have all of the good qualities vanished?
In my opinion, the answer lies in the cleverly- laid conditions of ‘Abiding by Gradually-Imposed principles'. A highly effective technique, abiding by gradually- imposed principles becomes even stronger when man has some dependencies. Let us go into greater detail. Studies have shown that man does not respond positively to sudden changes; in fact, he goes into defence and puts up a strong resistance.
However, there is also much evidence that shows man cannot resist gradual changes, a fact well- understood by the enemies of individual liberty. They are clever enough to realize that they must act patiently. History clearly shows than that the world cannot be changed in two weeks. However, by moving step by step towards their goals, no one would ever notice their evil plans infiltrate people's lives. Thus, people give in to gradual changes, considering it their destiny.
Some generations may consider a particular lifestyle as slavery, whereas other generations may think of it as freedom, for each generation knows only its own lifestyle. Thus, the deterioration of Western societies is the strongest evidence for the influence of these gradually imposing methods.
People have grown accustomed to the crisis around them; they have accepted the decadence, corruption and chaos that fill their surroundings. Only hope keeps them going; all they think of is when the demise may happen. Few people, however, believe it would ever take place, for such falls are mostly based on momentary actions.
The demise of the West fills quite a fluctuating diagram. America has deteriorated much faster during the years 1913 to 1963 than the previous 137 years. Among those fifty years, the last two decades prove to be more intense. However, there is no concrete evidence that deterioration accelerates every year, or that the Western civilization is nearing its demise; but it is definite that the present conditions will not be able to carry on easily.
Although man has always faced problems, we now have many more problems than our predecessors, anyone over thirty years of age -by just looking carefully around him -will definitely agree on this. Unfortunately, however, most people do not even want to realize the danger threatening them. Their way of reasoning is quite amazing. They believe that if one neglects the problems and dangers (‘whatever will be, will be’), everything will look normal to him; his worries will fade away.”23
Mr. Ringer thus accounts for the rise of human rights at the time morals are disappearing in the West:
"When all moral ethics in the West were about to fall, Human Rights arose like a sacred belief- or, better said; a major law (or right) -and gradually turned into a strong bond of unity among people. Whatever we name it -republic, mass, population ...is irrelevant! In a democracy, human rights mean safeguarding the borders of the country, which is the best way to satisfy the people. But the crucially important point is, many consider it in its lowest meaning: violating others' rights in the name of the 'majority's rights’; in other words, the stronger is always right! Such concepts are obviously in no way compatible with justice or morality.24
When asked, “Is it too late?” Mr. Ringer says:
“I am frequently asked whether it is too late to save Western civilization or not. I believe the question is incomplete. Keep in mind that moral revolution has come to an end, for those social laws giving the rights and authority to desires -based on the idea that 'Man is Entitled to His Desires’ thus making chaos a sacred law -have reached their peak. So the more appropriate question will be: Can we rediscover and recover our former moral qualities? Can we ever make those moral values again the base of our civilization?
If we can, there should be no worry whether it may be too late; there is no reason to believe we are incapable of providing people in the West with a new life. In my opinion, the only hope is to rediscover Western civilization by means of correct moral values. Therefore, we should be brave, wise, and consciously try to find what destroyed these moral values, and then rebuild them.25
Mr. Ringer should keep only one thing in mind: If he used “human civilization” instead of “Western civilization”, both the East and the West could be saved; ignoring the East and solely focusing on the West would prove aimless, for the two are strongly related. Is only considering the West not racist favouritism?
This, indeed, is the destructive factor which originates from selfishness, and is the root of all problems in our times -especially in the West.
Now let us consider the views of the renowned scholar, Erich Fromm, on the effect of cultural deterioration on the humanities in particular:
“Man is the only being that kills its kind without any biological reason”.
“Modern psychology is quite lifeless, for it easily cuts a human into different parts, ignoring a whole, living human being. In other words, it considers man as a set of certain qualities put together -like a machine -and totally overlooks him as being alive”.
“Nowadays, man is considered as a tool still without a machine to be used in. A complete human sees himself / herself as an active piece of goods (in other words, an independent item of merchandise); hence, he is lonely and miserable. However, he tries to save himself from his misery. He is searching for happiness, but is fighting a losing battle.
“In today's societies, man has become a zero, a part of a machine; as long as a society sees profit-making and production as man's highest end, this is inevitable. I believe today's social establishment has destructive roots, for it produces tendencies for destruction. The greater the tendency for destruction, the more miserable man will be, and in turn less positive towards life.”26
Some cultures or cultural elements certainly seem more stable than others. Various theories have been proposed accounting for their stability, and it is quite useful to study them. First, we should keep in mind that some cultures have not at all remained firm due to their elements being general human virtual facts -in fact, they should be regarded as man's virtual elements “as they are.”
Studying these cultures may make their scholars and followers put serious effort into finding the natural reason brought about by their geographical, economic, social, political and historic aspect; thus, through realistic assessment of their cultures, they may refine and advance human ideals and come to dynamic, objective cultures.
For instance, slavery was a culture that even great scholars like Aristotle approved of; although it covered all human qualities in its own framework of slavery, it was still a totally incorrect culture that dominated most ancient lands. However, this culture cunningly rules out one of the most vital virtues of man -responsible freedom -thus upsetting man's developed thoughts into a state of confusion and disorder. Islam, on the other hand, considered slavery a phenomenon totally irrelevant to man's “actual” virtues, and set out to demolish it.
Thus, the reason for the stability and deep influence of a culture cannot abstractly lie in its human virtual reality. In order to recognize if a culture is truly useful and stable, therefore, we need not the period of time of its duration, but its basic factors. A few of the basic factors that stabilize cultures are:
Factor One: the positive relationship between a culture - or some of its components -and the needs or luxuries of the members of a society. For example, the unique culture concerning living beings in India is based on regional factors or beliefs about living this only see in that area; likewise, the traditions of Nourooz (the new year celebrations) in Iran are due to Iran's climate, and have been established for many years.
Factor Two: is time; the more aged cultural elements become, the higher their value will be. It is impossible to account for this factor, but we can say that firmness during a long time can be sign of stability in cultural elements; however, it is not enough to prove it. Selfishness has existed throughout the whole history of mankind; very few cases can be found in which man has succeeded in keeping his virtues aligned with true logic and used them correctly -the majority have fallen astray in assessing “themselves”, and instead of having the proper “self'”(safeguarding their innate virtues up to perfection), they fall into ill-mannered selfishness. Such examples bring us to the conclusion that the stability of a culture in human lives does not necessarily imply its righteousness, although anything advantageous to man can prove original, and will remain firm for a long time.
Factor Three: the formation of the culture of traditions, customs and beliefs plays a crucial role in giving a society a special nationality, and causes the people to be focused and organized. Soon these cultural elements will turn into the identity of the society, which it will defend to the last breath; of course, this is due to the fact that as time goes by, there is more communication among cultures, which in turn enhances cultural studies and research, and modifications would prove necessary .
Factor Four: the compatibility of cultures with facts and realities is verifiable. The stronger and deeper their compatibility, the better the stability of the cultural elements.
Apart from the second factor -which considers cultural stability as due to time and duration -the other above-mentioned factors do not do so. In case of the first factor, the reasons and necessities leading to the beliefs of the society require concern, if they are based on the psychological rules of the peoples; time will undoubtedly be unable to influence it. And if it depends on the personal beliefs of the intellectual figures in the society, two factors will determine its survival.
a. the qualitative and quantitative influence of the outstanding figures in the society;
b. their qualitative and quantitative background logically supporting their culture's stability.
If the supporting factor is their cultural crystallization -directing the people as a truly original establishment -the culture will be deeply engraved in people's souls, and can strongly unite them. This is why time will not be able to influence it, for it enjoys logical backing.27
We have already accepted that the firm establishment of culture among people does not necessarily imply that it enjoys originality or is compatible with reality. Although a culture well-engraved in people's lives and souls does become a viewpoint to man and the world, many cultures past and present lose all of their composure when it comes to logical analysis; therefore man must analysis the dominant culture of his society and eliminate any sedimentary, baseless elements in it if he wants to take positive steps towards “elevating evolutionary life.” But alas, sometimes imitation dominates great minds so much that all of man's thoughts are blocked. It seems we deny the fact that:
Imitation destroyed people; a thousand damns be upon imitation! (Mowlavi)
How can an imitator also be a researcher? How can a wise one be the same as a fool?
Centuries come and go, but society leaders still do not understand how destructively inhibiting imitation is. Maybe they are afraid that without imitation in people's individual and social life, they would not need management anymore……have they not ever thought that the power- greedy must first change from “person” to “thing” -in other words, from “researcher” to “imitator” -before they can change people, take advantage of them, and imprison them in a cage of illogical imitation?
In brief, depriving people of sin, recognizing true life and its rules is a greatly unforgivable and deserves no less than being banned from God's kind blessings.
Blindly following the beliefs and traditions of the predecessors ruins one's mind; likewise following those drowning in their animal desires, those who have totally put aside human morals or dignity in the name of freedom, modernity, progress, culture and so on, using such deceiving jargon to destroy all logic, consciousness or conscience.
This is not an Eastern theory or religious prejudice, for we can see even more intense reflection, of such hatred for Western leader, by Western scholar, themselves in an interview with Spiegel, one of them had said, “Shame is fading away, and the urge to kill no longer know, any bounds. The mass media -television and radio stations the most have brazenly begun to use force and impudence in order to attract more customers for the general industry.
Cultural critics are complaining about inadvertent violence, and have announced a moral disaster condition Sociologists, psychologists and politicians are angry with the sexual corruption presented in all cultural area, -TV and the film industry in particular. The confusion caused by insolence and violation is so great that even the Liberal Church of the Bible cries out about it in its publications.
“The women in Bayer have signed petitions demanding laws against sexual misconduct and violence Sociologists discuss subject like ‘violence in arts’ or ‘tendencies towards new terror’. The daily Frankfutter Alegmaina Seitung has spoken of unprecedentedly high violence in the community, claiming a state of moral disaster which has engulfed the whole urban area, A, violence and harassment changes from a forbidden crime to a hobby, unprotected, confused humanity tries to condemn the increasing pressure and oppression upon foreigners, violence in street stadium, and public transport vehicles.
Freud's mysterious statement comes to mind:
"The lack of shame is a sign of mental weakness. The conscience does not function anymore.”
Spiegel: Mr. Duerr28 , violence and violations are increasing day by day. What is wrong with this society?
Duerr: In my opinion, the basic problem is the destruction of social relationships, which leads to what man calls emotional death -in other words, the “end of warmth.”
The mass media also accelerate it by spreading it so much. Although our modern, free society has brought us happiness, there is one problem with this freedom -it took away from us the warmth that used to exist among families, and dominated man's social conduct.
Spiegel: How is the demise of family attachment related to the lack of shame?
Duerr: They are definitely related. For instance, physical shame means limiting the signs of sexual behaviour in order to keep a personal relationship chaste.
Nowadays, people have no respect for selected friendships. Therefore, privatizing sexual attraction is meaningless.
Spiegel: What if brazenness grows? If physical shame- as you have stated -arises from man's nature - how can we witness impudence increase every day?
Duerr: The Pope and the high priests are still in deep discussion on the nature of man. Sociologists, on the other hand, also stubbornly resist. What I'm trying to say is that, however people's social life may have formed, physical shame plays a critical role in it, for it can reduce social frustrations, and strengthen the relationships between married couples; that is why with shame fading away, adultery has increased to such an extent.
Spiegel: But this freedom is highly publicized, contrary to your theory.
Duerr: There certainly has been no society yet in which personal relationships are really so intensely publicized. This behaviour has also led to violence. It seems to be unprecedented throughout history.
Spiegel: Freud spoke of a lack of shame that weakens the wisdom of mind.
Duerr: That is true; there comes a time when man realizes that his own incompetence has led to a great lack of culture and civilization. Progress-orientated theorists have always claimed that primitive societies enjoyed much more zeal, endeavour, desire and uncontrollable instincts that we do in our well-established society today.”29
It is needless to mention how strongly Islamic culture and other divine religions have repeatedly warned man about the role of lust and undisciplined life in weakening thoughts.
مرد را ذوق از حيا وكر وفر مر مخنث را بود ذوق از ذكر
جز ذكر ني دين او ني ذكر أو سوي أسفل برد او را فكر او
كه بر أيد تا فلك از وي مترس كاو به شوق سفل أموزيد درس
او به سوى سفل مى رائد فرس كر جه سوى علو جنباند جرس
“Manhood lies in effort and endeavour, not indulging in sexual pleasures. No matter how sophisticated he may get, his indulge will degrade him: His cries may go high, but he himself will fall.” (Mowlavi)
Faith, the highest outcome of logical thought and elevated emotions, is destroyed by shamelessness.
Imam Ali (a) has said:
لا ايمان لمن لا حياء له
"One, who has no modesty, has no faith.”
Although Freud states that, “The lack of modesty is a sign of mental weakness", how can he -with all of his emphasis on the necessity of saturating sexual instincts in any way possible -consider the lack of modesty as a sign of a weak mind?
Cultural adoption has become quite popular these days. As religion-opposed, immoral activities and phenomena are infiltrating religious societies,30 the nobly dignified ones become more and more terrified.
We shall address culture adoption by considering a few points:
One: From an absolute point of view, is culture adoption wrong or right? What is included in the cultural concepts and elements being accepted?
Obviously, the third part of this question is correct, and it must be determined what kind of culture is being accepted. If it is “the suitable methods or meritorious qualities for those of man's physical or mental activities based on logical reasoning in sensible life”, such a culture would undoubtedly be accepted, as it has been throughout history -man's perfectionist potential would seek it under any circumstances.
The most evident example possible for this is the Muslims' fantastic endeavours throughout the 2nd through 5th centuries (Hijra) which innately aimed to establish culture, civilization and adopt the meritorious, suitable aspects from other countries. From the Caspian shores to the Atlantic waters, they prevented their original, evolutional culture from demise. Such pioneers of culture and civilization indeed discarded any filthy, immoral phenomena that opposed religion in the name of culture, and only considered those realities which were advantageous to man's physical and spiritual life as culture.
Two: Adopting dynamic, objective (evolutionary) cultures, although quite vital, does not mean imitation without studying, examining and refining.
خلق را تقليدشان بر باد داد اى دو صد لعنت براين تقليد باد
Imitation ruined people, a thousand damns be upon imitation! (Mowlavi)
Imitation is destructively wrong, no matter whether something good or bad is imitated; in any case, the copycat is totally unaware of what he is doing. The only difference is, if a meritorious reality is being imitated, it will lead to good effects, despite without the role of the imitator. Literary culture quite clearly elaborates on this:
خدا خوان تا خدادان فرق دارد كه حيوان تابه انسان فرق دارد
“One who calls God is much different from one who knows God; as different as men are from animals.
بدين سان از خدادان تا خداياب ز دانش تا به عرفان فرق دارد
Thus, the God-knowers to God-seekers are like mystic knowledge to science.
مه تابان خور تابان يكى نيست كه تابان تا به تابان فرق دارد
The shining sun is not the same as the shining moon; each shining differs from the other.
محقق را مقلد كى توان كفت كه دانا تا به نادان فرق دارد
How can a researcher be considered equal to a copycat?
How can the knowing be the same as the ignorant?
If only the laws forbidding copying were seriously followed, there would be no more fluctuation in scientific theories, philosophy and other cultural elements. Recently, ‘scientific’ theories have infiltrated Islamic societies from the West, and have been imitatively accepted by the unaware as scientific discoveries. If they were told that such issues lack a soundly scientific basis and are merely subjective deductions or assumptions, they would abruptly disagree, “No! you are decadent! You are opposing science! The time for using imagination has come to an end.
This is science, the only thing that can bring about our progress. “These ignorant -and, at times spiteful -people forced others to follow such theories, abusing universally accepted principles such as “Scientific rules cannot be disagreed with.” Since their obedience was merely imitation, even when the theories were scientifically proved wrong and rejected in the West, the copycats insisted on their beliefs- as if the clear blue sky were still pouring rain on their houses!31
Three: There are various forms of culture transferring to other societies. Let us now study:
1. Culture transfer is best in its useful, productive form, which includes realities concerning meritorious methods for man's ‘reasonable life.’ Such cultural elements -like science, industries, religious qualities and elements based only upon man's pure virtues - are not only suitable enough for everyone to cooperate in their transfer, but also Islam has considered it a religious duty.
Many Islamic references have emphasized on such cooperation. The Holy Koran says:
“Help one another to piety and good fearing; do not help each other to sin and enmity. There is no piety or good deed in this world higher than spreading elevating cultures that can save man from ignorance, poverty, anxiety, and various needs. And fear God, for surely he is terrible in retribution32.
The Holy Prophet (s) has also said:
الخلق كلهم عيال الله واحبهم اليه انفعهم لهم
“All people are related to God; those who are more useful for others, are the most favoured by God”
There remains no doubt that only life-saving cultures are the most vital and the most advantageous to man.
In all major references on history and civilization - written whether by Western or Eastern researchers -it is agreed that when Muslims were free of their selfish, tyrant rules during the 3rd through 5th centuries (Hijra), they had the chance to adopt cultural elements from other nations of that time, expand their culture and civilization, and pass on their own useful cultural elements alongside the elements adopted, adjusted and refined; some historians have stated this era as being crucial to the protection of science and culture in the Medieval times.
2. Transferring useful cultural elements, in order to gain economic or political advantages. In other words, the society intends to spread useful cultural elements to other societies in order to profit economically politically, or even dominate them; the purpose is not to follow ideal human goals or expanding helpful cultures. In these cases, the communities or nations conceding the cultures must take into careful consideration what they are adopting; otherwise, they would end up with a load of nonsense called ‘culture’, which would eventually ruin them.
As the renowned Iranian poet Nezami Ganjavi writes:
بكفت أن جا به صنعت درجة كوشند بكفت انده خرند وجان فروشند
“What are they endeavouring for” one asked He was told, “They buy sorrow at the expense their lives.
3. Transferring culture in order to present the society as a leading pioneer to other societies.
Although such meagre intention may seem unimportant at first, they can lead to destructive aftermaths, for they all originate from selfishness; furthermore, they may even humiliate the society receiving their culture, and demand a reward for elevating their culture. “Indeed, our brain tissue is quite different from yours; we are much more complete, and as you know, the principle of evolution states that the superior can consider themselves as the goal, and others the means to achieve it!”
4. Transferring spiritually or physically corruptive and harmful factors to others in the name of culture may possibly be the most vexed of human actions towards their peers. Creating and presenting sexually arousing devices on a large scale -though seemingly scientifically-based phenomena or depicting beauty - actually aims to destroy mankind.
5. The production of stories, paintings or other forms of ‘art’ implying nihilistic goals, however exquisite they may be, is equal to destroying human beings.
6. Creating any works of art -no matter how attractive or fascinating -that humiliates and ridicules human character is equal to murder.
7. Efforts towards establishing ignorance about social problems and neglecting the poor; cultural affects clearly show this.
8. Any efforts towards depriving people of their responsible freedom grace, dignity and the life they deserve is equivalent to destroying their souls, no matter what or how the cultural activities may be.
9. Any seemingly-cultural efforts towards distracting human beings from eternity and the origin and end of life, is not different from trying to annihilate man's goal - seeking spirit.
Now we indeed realize what a massacre goes on among human communities, or as Jibran Khalil Jibran puts it, “Not only are the murderers of human souls ignorantly enjoying themselves, but they are even publicly announced guilty of murder, and ,till the dead souls around them do not touch them.”
العدل في الارض يبكى الجن لو سمعوا به ويستضحك الاموات لو نظروا
"The justice that is now on earth brings demons to tears, and makes the dead laugh all its sight.”
والسجن والموت للجانين ان صخروا والمجد والفخر والاثراء ان كبروا
"Prisons and death is for the smaller, weaker criminals; the strong criminal, enjoy glory and honour.”
فسارق الزهر مذموم ومحتقر وسارق الحقل يدعى الباسل الخطر
"If one steals a flower, he is condemned and humiliated; if one steals the whole field, he is considered a significant hero.”
وقاتل الجسم مقتول بفعله وقاتل الروح لا تدري به البشر
"Murderers of bodies are punished, but killers of human spirits walk about freely.”33
In an article, Paul J. Bahanan writes:
“Ever since the mid-1800s, cultural changes accelerated at a higher rate, which was due to vast technological and industrial advances; cultural exchange has also sped up. Inventions like airplanes, cinema, radio, television, and so forth, make it possible for customs, traditions or cultures all around the world to be in constant touch. Anywhere you are, you can enjoy American jazz, English football or Japanese kimonos at the same time.
Apparently, the expansion of cultural exchange is preparing the grounds for a global culture, and the differences among various peoples fading away. Some fear that this trend will cause man to be deprived of his long-established traditions. Others believe that the development of global cultures would lead to more variety and enrich cultures all around the world.”34
There are a few points to consider here:
First: Science and technology have been separated from culture; this is quite considerable, since they naturally provide a purely scientific viewpoint, and establish a profit-orientated basis. The meritorious aspects of science and technology have unfortunately been contaminated by profiteering trends.
Second: Advances in culture development and exchange devices are highly crucial and unprecedented. If the cultural relationships and exchanges are not carefully calculated, social problems are very likely, for what is nowadays induced into people's minds as culture is not always originated from purely human emotions. If a general law -like the Human Rights -were written so that not only the study, adjustment and refining of cultures for being put into use for man's evolution, but also preventing filthy, commonplace phenomena entering other societies in the name of culture could be taken care of, original, dignified human cultures would find much more hope for survival; otherwise, they end of .humanity would be inevitable.
Third: “Apparently, the expansion of cultural exchange is preparing the grounds for a global culture, and the differences among various peoples seem to be fading away.”
This is not as easy as it may seem to be. By carefully studying today's cultural issues, social management trends and various systems of authority and power, we cannot come to deny the role of mighty leaders in imposing powerful society cultures. On the other hand, original, productive cultures which take account of man's highest emotions and spirits have fallen way behind technology and its characteristics nowadays. Let us return to Professor Bahanan’s article, where he clearly elaborates on this fact:
"Some sociologists believe most social problems are due to the fact that some cultural elements progress more slowly than others. Most retardation in the history of the United States have been in non-physical aspects, e.g. thoughts and traditions. Science and technology advance at such great speed that they leave non-physical cultural issues way behind.”
1. The almighty God has provided the truth -seeking with the facts about the universe, and -due to His divine, extreme kindness, concretely confirmed in Islamic references -leaves no positively aimed efforts without fruitful result. The Koran has on several occasions emphasized on the necessity of fruitful outcomes due to efforts:
"No soul laden bears the load of another and a man shall have to his account only as he has laboured.”35
"And who so does an atom's weight of good shall see it and who so does an atoms weight of evil shall see it.”36
Thus, every human being is potentially ready to receive realities by means of efforts; according to this divine-human principle, man's success in discovering truths depends on his amount of effort This divine-human principle provides all peoples and nations with useful cultural elements, as is verified in this hadith by the Holy Prophet (s)
اطلبوا العلم ولو بالصين
"Seek knowledge even if it may mean going all the way to China.”
It was due to this belief that Muslims made great efforts ever since the rise of Islam towards acquiring the perfect cultural elements of other nations, and not only did they discover plenty of cultural and ideological realities about other cultures during the 3rd an 4th centuries (Hijra), but also fertilized them and got quite significant results with highly elevated their findings.
Thus, Islam not only never prevents adopting positive foreign cultural elements -the most apparent example to name of is science, a means of achieving the truth -but even strongly recommends it. Islam, therefore, accepts any cultural elements that can effectively discover or adopt true facts.
It is of great importance that anthropologists distinguish real scientific issues -which are proved through concrete scientific evidence -from potentially right or wrong theories and deductions; in other words, although such theories aim to account for certain phenomena, they have not yet been definitely approved of. Studying them in anthropological fields as the mere theories or deductions they are, is quite appropriate. It would be highly useful to bring them into a society seeking development and perfection, in order to expand the humanities.
2. The current Western knowledge of the nature of man has led to a vast amount of anthropological explanations, concepts and issues so popular that they have become the source of many interpretations about various human aspects, e.g. ‘strong tendencies towards essential pleasures and enjoyment,’ which following Freud's approval, began to look like a matter of scientific significance.
Apart from a very few number of wise, truth-seeking ones, most people in the West account for human issues on the basis of the highly popular hedonistic viewpoints. It is the unquestionable duty of a developing, perfectionist society to carefully seek reasons for all human aspects, and to take into serious consideration the fact whether man is naturally hedonistically orientated or not, and if he is, are the pleasures concerned with only natural, purely physical ones?
Should spiritual, mental pleasures not be included? Is a society where no pleasures are based on the pains and inconveniences of others possible? In fact, such people have -using mental, social, regional and political factors -put so much emphasis on a human aspect that does not even innately exist in him that it now seems to be an essential part of human nature in the eyes of the simple-minded. Thus the establishment of Western culture nowadays is not comprehendible without taking hedonistic principles into consideration.37
3. Some certain cultural elements originate from ethical and regional features exclusive to some nations or peoples, and thus lack a universally human quality like taboo behaviours of tribal customs and particular interpretations of minor aspects of life. According to Islam's definition of culture (as an objective, creative culture), such elements are not only definitely unusable in anthropological issues, but even cannot be considered as ideal cultural phenomena.
4. There are other cultural elements that are compatible with reasonable human ideals. For instance, by studying religious cultures in various nations, we find that some cultural elements maybe considered unimportant in others -or maybe even illogical. A logical reasoning brings us to the conclusion that all of them originate from an extremely reasonable human ideal which has been degraded through time to a worthless phenomenon due to regional points of view and mental manipulations. We face such phenomena in various forms of worship for God. The Koran has also pointed it out.38
One of the commonest of human ideals that is degraded to lowly phenomena is justice -which, in its general form, is universally approved of. Since law has existed throughout the history of man, there is no exception to the fact that justice is accepted by everyone; when law exists among fellow men, every aspect of their life either obeys the law or defies it. (Let us suppose the latter is the case.) If they obey the law, justice exists; if not, there will be cruelty and deviation. However, we know that justice, in the hands of the selfish, power-greedy and ignorant people, is degraded down to a cruelly unjust phenomenon. When such cultural adjustments are transferred to anthropological domains, they will bring about nothing but obsessing people.
How Can Man -Who Accepts Culture and Cultural Activities Due to His Perfection-seeking Virtues - Openly Accept Destructive, Corrupt Cultures?
Let us first mention again that the reason why man accepts culture is his intense tendency for perfection, which is undoubtedly mighty; individual and social advances in various fields such as science and technology clearly prove it.
Now we must see why perfection-seeking human accepts destructive, corrupt factors so easily?
The most important reason for corruption is the vacuum-like gap of the realities of evolutionary culture among the society. In such an abyss, man's innate desire for perfection will either fade away, or may remain. If the former is true, lust and animal desire will dominate man's internal existence, and make any kind of corruption seem like enjoyment or even a necessity, and become the highest aim of his life. In such cases, all fundamentals like religion, ethics, law, economics, and politics will be manipulated by corruption, and lead the society for eventual demise.39
In the second case, if the innate desire for perfection still exists deep inside man, it can again be activated provided the necessary conditions, and attain original, positive cultural elements once more. If society leaders can safeguard it against corruption in fields like religion, politics, law, morality and education, and provide the grounds for its activation, the gap will obviously be filled with original, evolutionary culture. In any case, therefore, the leaders of the societies should protect their people against destruction.
The third case, which is the most dangerous form of anti-cultural invasion, is when the perfection-seeking eagerness is dominated by the ‘animal-like natural self.’ Thus, man turns into the most dangerous being, who would willingly destroy everything for just a moment of is own enjoyment.
Generally, the desire for perfection may be activated in positive or negative poles:
The positive pole pertains to the proper, worthy activities all Prophets, Imams (a) and other leaders of evolutionary human movements have done in order to keep humanity from poverty or infidelity. For instance:
1. How does the Holy Prophet Abraham (a) use this force? He stands firmly against all of his friends and the people of his time in order to make faith in the only God, honesty, sincerity and other moral virtues a reality. The desire for perfection makes him carry out the task sacrificing his own child. It would be impossible to perform such a bitter task without the endless desire for perfection. With all the force Abraham had, even if he had lived for centuries, he would have done the same time and time again.
2. The Holy Prophet Moses (a) faces the atrocities of the Pharaoh for many long years, never suffers the least pain. He could have kept on his resistance for years and years without wavering or fatigue.
3. The history of the efforts and pains of the Prophet Jesus (a) needs no further explanation.
4. The Holy Prophet of Islam, Muhammad (s) said,
"No other prophet went through as much pain and trouble as I did.”
However, he accepted the pain and trouble so eagerly as if he actually enjoyed it. Imam Ali (a) also showed gloriously profound efforts through both pure worship and sincere services for people in order to enhance their prosperity.40
The negative pole desires unlimited “self-power”; indeed, degradation into lowly values knows no bounds.
As Nero once said: “If only all of mankind had only one head, I could cut it off with one stroke!”
Ghengis Khan be slaved many societies of his time, and still could not get enough.
Tamerlane made pillars out of the heads he cut, obsessed by the advance of his unlimited power. Those who live only for their lusts and desires consider people as their highest aim in life, even if it may lead to the end of all of mankind. They not only consider their philosophy as the best for their own society, but also regard all of history as a mirror to interpret it by.
Thus, both positive and negative poles of "self"-enhancement lead to an immortal panacea; as Mowlavi states:
كيمياى زهر ماراست أن شقى بر خلاف كيمياى متقي
These tyrants are truly venomous, painful vipers contrary, however, to men of piety.
Unfortunately, culture is falling apart instead of enhancing its common cultural elements during the late 20th century; the turning point here are industrial societies, and only the power greedy, selfish authoritarians know what will eventually happen. If the curve of culture continues to fall into a nosedive, we would be quite lucky if it just degrades us back to our cave days. The ‘new’ culture it advertises deploys every scientific or artistic effort in order to establish animal instincts, and take people far away from highly moral virtues.
We had better call it the ‘anti-culture’, or ‘deculturalization’ of human societies. It tends to deliver the final blow to humanity: first demolish human realities and fundamental values, destroy the sacred foundation called ‘family’, and eventually call the whole earth a useless part of the solar system, and ruin it.
May God save mankind once again from those who destroy human values and deculturalize humanity, and grant us deliverance by enhancing our logic, reason and conscience.41
A global culture depends directly on the globalization of the four fundamental realities:
1. global human economy,
2. global human power,
3. global human rights, and
4. global human politics.
Let us elaborate further by addressing:
1. The idea of achieving a global culture for people of all nations and societies is a great human ideal that anyone aware of man's nature, physical and spiritual needs and commonalities would warmly approve of. The strongest reason for the universal agreement on this matter is the generality of the humanities and literary culture that covers all nations and peoples, and is the same for Asians, Africans or Europeans.
2. By ‘global culture’ we do not refer to all elements and phenomena, for any society innately has certain characteristics in regard to religion, the universe and fellow men that are exclusive to its own historical, geographical and social factors.
What we mean by global culture are the general realities of culture, such as fundamental moral virtues (love for fellowmen, sacrificing for human ideals), accepting a worthy, meritorious life for mankind, accepting reasonable (responsible) freedom for all, and accepting to try hard to advance man's highest goals.
If the four above-mentioned fundamentals (global human economy, global human power, global human rights, and global human politics) are logically established, global culture is obviously achievable. We realize that all divine religions -originating from Abraham's -based upon man's pure, innate virtues (especially Islam, which covers all of their basics) would warmly accept such a culture. If all human societies do not possess the four fundamentals, this culture will never be able to exist.
The reason why is quite clear. Considering the definition for culture (the proper, worthy or meritorious qualities for man's physical or spiritual life phenomena or activities based on logic and emotions originating from reasonable life42,no society can enjoy a dynamic, objective evolutionary culture by means of an imperfect economy, lack of establishment for people's physical or spiritual enhancement or a legal system truly addressing social requirements and realities, for throughout the history of politics and power, when Machiavellians have taken control, humanity and its values have unfortunately been victimized. If powerful politicians are the end and people are the means” is the key motto to achieve political control, there will be no room for values like religion, morals, law, socioeconomics, politics or even culture -the ideas of Ghengis Khans and Neros proves this.
- 1. That makes it 164 + 1 definitions of culture altogether.
- 2. Such inordinate cultures -like other special cultural elements and phenomena -are heading for demise, except for principle-based cultural aspects.
- 3. Spiritual culture includes a) high moral virtues, b) art, as an indication of man's deepest emotions concerning “what should be done”, c) freedom -in the sense of having the power of choice, which arises in actively powerful qualities during evolution, and d) religion, addressing questions such as: “Who am I? Where have I come from? Why am I here? Where will I end up?”
- 4. Russian writer, who greatly criticized the Soviet Union from a mystical- religious point of view.
- 5. The Kayhan. Wednesday Mehr 14, 1372. (1994)
- 6. The World Book Encyclopaedia.
- 7. At times, these selfish impostors even have their intellectual-looking directors add the term “free” to culture in order to optimize its deceiving affects: ‘free culture!’
- 8. A book by the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, concerning freedom of speech, thought, deed and writing -though without adequate logical care. Although it includes interesting points, sensible freedom and addressing immoral behaviours which allow people to do whatever they desire in the name of freedom have been ignored.
- 9. See p. 112. (p. 43 of the document)
- 10. Mowlavi is implying by “the highest of heavens” in fact the fundamentals of the creation of the universe which is linked to the human soul:
دو سر هر دو حلقه هستى بخ جقيقن به هم توبيوستى
Indeed it was you who bonded the circle of the universe
- 11. Jean-Pierre Rosseau, The History of Science.
- 12. You may have heard Ernest Renan's idea, “The West is the employer race, and the East the employee. That is why nature produces a larger amount of labour force!” See how this so-called “intellectual” ruthlessly insults nature. Mr. Renan apparently knows nothing about Eastern civilizations, the true creators of science and technology. He adds, “The Western mind is industrial, official and civilizational, whereas that of the Eastern is emotional mediocre, and 1acking for today's high thoughts!” It is quite surprising how such a “scholar” can be so ignorant of Eastern civilization history, and that the human brain has not changed in any race for at least 40,000 years. Most astonishing of all, he didn't even try to reason inductively that most inventions have also been achieved by accident, not accurate calculations.
- 13. Jean-Pierre Rosseau, The History of Science.
- 14. Ibid.
- 15. Ibid.
- 16. Sura As-Saaffaat 37:6
- 17. Sura Al Hijr 15:16
- 18. Sura Al A’araaf 7:32
- 19. Especially during late 2nd to late 5th centuries Hijra.
- 20. For further study on the differences among various cultural eras in the history of Iran, see Hassan Pirnia, The Ancient History of Iran. Vol 1; and also Will Durant, The History of Civilization, Vol. 1 (The East, the Cradle of Civilization)
- 21. Herbert J. Lisbani, Law in Islam.
- 22. Mohammad Taqi Jafari, The Message of Mind; from the lecture "Survival in the 21st Century”, UNESCO Symposium on 21st Century Culture and Science, Vancouver, Canada, September 1989.
- 23. Robert G. Ringer, The Fall of Western Civilization.
- 24. Ibid.
- 25. Ibid.
- 26. Bild der Wissenschaft, Vol. 10, 1976.
- 27. We read in ancient Egyptian law books -dating 3000 years back in time that the first thing the accused should be asked is. “Does your conscience approve of what you tell the judge?. Such agreement between conscience and speech in ancient Egyptian legal culture can still be regarded as a solemn truth
- 28. From an interview with German anthropologist Hans Peter Duerr, in the Spiegel, No.2, 1993.
- 29. These theorists do not prefer ‘unlimited’ lifestyles in order to enjoy civilized excitement or desire, for civilized people act on their elevated spiritual talents; thus, bringing instincts under control -in particular insatiable hedonism, which is the strongest -is of crucial necessity.
- 30. We do not mean completely religious or highly moral societies, but those not yet engulfed by immoral and lack of religion.
- 31. For instance, a) when the essence of sexual instincts and their priority over all other aspects had become popular in the past, some people in the East presented it as a scientific rule. After a while, a few psychologists like Adler and lung discarded the theory. The writer has even heard from the late scholar Dr. Mirsepasi -who was a close friend of Freud -that his theory was more like a force, rather than a scientific issue. Later, some psychological experts claimed that the essence of safeguarding one's virtues and personality was the deepest, most active of the instincts, and took Freud's theory under more intense criticism.
However, some of our academic institutions still consider it a scientific issue! Such mental deviation is a result of copying scientific culture, which destroys all truth-seeking spirits in man. b) As we all know, the theory of animal evolution to higher species was proposed by Lamarke and Darwin in the 19th century. Their accounts were no more than a novel theory. However, it infiltrated our society like a scientific law of concrete proof. But as time went by and more research was made, it was shown to lack evidence, and soon fell into dark obscurity. For further study, please see Pierre Rosseau, The History of Industry and Inventions.
- 32. Sura Al Maaida 5:2
- 33. Jibran Khalil Jibran, Al-mavakeb
- 34. The World Book of Encyclopaedia, Paul J. Bahanan.
- 35. Sura An-Najm 53:39,40
- 36. Sura Az-Zalzala 99:7,8
- 37. For further elaboration on this point, we must mention a highly dramatic change that has occurred nowadays, and the results it has brought about:
When the West broke down all walls confining freedom and its glorious values, liberty -a vital phenomenon which is the best path to perfect virtues- turned into an undisciplined beloved which became so popular that it had the last two centuries named after it (actually, of course, named after immorality). It had better be called the century of ‘self- strangeness.’ Is this not a cause-and-effect outcome? Indeed, for unlimited freedom first victimizes human character. It became so sacredly worshipped that even philosophers and humanity scholars glorified undisciplined freedom to the very highest aim of life. Books like About Freedom by John Stuart Mill are examples of such infatuation.
Due to a small mistake between the end and the means, anyone - even the least educated -spurred by internal desires or limited knowledge, took the advantage of the necessity of freedom of speech, and expressed such exclusive, definite opinions as if they were the sole creator, of man, and possessed every knowledge or experience in creation!
The opinions were as greatly numerous as their so-called scholars. They were only whimsical brainwaves of philosophy and anthropology majors. On the other hand, they never thought about who should accept their ideas. Is everyone intelligent enough like Avicenna, Razi, Abu-Rehyan Biruni, Mowlavi, Bacon, Descarte, Kant or Hegel to be able to correctly evaluate such opinions? Or are most of them simple people who are prone to drown in the swamp of wrong ideas. Still, contradicting theories poured in the field of anthropology and human knowledge, which made all existing ideas doubted, and people lost most of their interest in such researches.
Some conscientious scholars could have suggested that in order to save man from such anthropological vertigo, all theories must first be analyzed alongside other fields and issues, and discussed with sincerely serious anthropologists in order to achieve a final, combined fact; when the theory showed reality, it can be publicly presented.
Even if someone in the West has come up with this suggestion - which we have not heard anything about yet -it has unfortunately been overruled.
All in all, having a society able to move towards the truth in complete independence is crucially necessary.
- 38. Luqman (31): 25: “If they are asked, 'Who created the heavens and the earth? They will say, “God”.’
- 39. The history of Spain on many occasions states that despite Islam - the highest of divine religions -various disruptive factors deviated people from Islamic realities and emptied them from any religion, logic or conscience. If social leaders around the world do not take action against corruptive factors in the name of ‘culture’, their people also will definitely undergo what happened in Spain.
- 40. Mikhail Naima, the renowned contemporary Christian scholar thus describes Imam Ali (a) in his preface to George Gordac's Ali (a), The Voice of Human Justice: “The lives of great human beings over flows with experiences, lessons, faith and hope. They are high peaks that we are eagerly attracted to. As shining minarets, they light up the darkness along our way. They always remove any doubts about life, its aims and prosperity in us. Without such outstanding figures, despair would drown us; we would have raised the white flags in surrender ages ago: “O death! We are your prisoners. O death! We are your slaves. Annihilate us anyway you wish.” But we never lost hope, and never will. Thus, we will triumph, as the triumphant predecessors confirm it. One of them is Abu-Talib's son. Such glorious figures are always beside us (in other words, we live with them) although distantly in time and space. However, neither have time gaps made us unable to hear them, nor has spatial distance made them slip from our minds.”
The book mentioned above is the best proof to what we have stated. It includes the life story of one of the greatest human beings ever born to the Arab world, although he was never deservingly used. Islam did activate his capabilities, but he did not belong to Islam alone; if he did, how could his great spirit enflame the heart of a Christian writer in Lebanon in 1956, making him carefully study the Imam's life, and create a ballad-like biography of him?
Imam Ali's (A.S.) heroism was not confined to wars. He was also a champion of chastity, intelligence and indescribable beauty, deep humanity, flaming faith, grace and generosity, helping the poor, modesty and worshipping God.
- 41. It is not from a solely metaphysical point of view that we pray that God may save all of mankind from the selfish and powerful. Consider the following story, which I have cited in several of my works due to its high significance. In 1949, Einstein thus described a discussion he had with a high American official: “Recently, I was speaking to one of America's more intellectual, good-willing figures. I warned him about the new war that was threatening mankind, and that it could destroy the whole of humanity, and only super-national organizations could stop it. But he amazingly replied, “Why do you so strongly disagree with the end of mankind?!” Einstein adds, “Such a straightforward, abrupt answer implies the intense, internal suffering the world today has led to. Such answer can only come from somebody who has put much effort into balancing his character, but has failed, and even lost hope. It depicts the painful, innate isolation all humans are suffering from.” See Philip Frank, The Life of Einstein.
- 42. A life which guides the compulsory forces and activities of man's natural life towards evolutionary goals by means of more freedom of choice, thus, the human character is gradually developed and guided towards the highest end of life having found the answer to six fundamental questions (Who am I? Where have I come from? Who am I with? Where am I? Why have I come here? Where will I go from here?) -contributing to the harmony of the whole universe, dependant upon divine greatness.
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I am passionate about embroidery and creating beautiful art pieces through this medium. I use punch needle embroidery to make all my pieces. Neo impressionism and pointillism greatly influence my work. I love making abstract representations of nature, architecture, arts, and traditional crafts. All materials I use are sustainably sourced and recycled.
If you see something you like and are interested in buying an art piece. Get in touch.
If you need to commission an art piece according to your specifications. Lets talk!
Butterflies are known for their beautiful patterns, which evolved over time for better survival of the species. Some butterflies have "eyes spot" patterns, to mimic the eyes of predators in nature, like owls and snakes to discourage birds and other predators from feeding on them. As the world population of butterflies declines drastically because of human intervention and agricultural intensification, at present rate they can be extinct soon.
As the humans have replaced all natural predators, and have become the soul reason behind their decline, the artist attempts to imagine new patterns for butterflies to discourage and scare this new predator ; Humans.
The artist studies butterflies and moulds their wing patterns into monster's faces, in her embroideries. The entire art project is an abstract representation of disintegrating butterfly wings with iconic monsters faces from popular culture and psyche. The idea being that the butterflies are trying to scare humans away by mimicking monsters faces in order to survive and be left alone.
A thing of beauty is a joy forever ?
Butterflies are nature's most beautiful and fragile creatures. With beautiful fluttering wings they have beguiled the human mind through out time. Now as their population declines globally, it is frightening to imagine that one day they might totally disappear. This decline is caused by intensive agriculture, climate change, and increase in the use of pesticides.
The artist attempts to recreate beautiful patterns from butterflies in her embroidery art. The art pieces represent, as butterflies disappear so will little bit colour from our world, which is shown by certain sections of the art pieces being devoid of colour, and in monochrome.
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It was a shallow box. There didn’t seem to be much in it besides the old post cards. They in themselves might be counted as a treasure. But underneath, a deep memory, hidden for many years, was about to surface on strips of filigree-edged green stamps.
Our annual auction fix was a couple of weeks ago. Diligently we scan the Mumma Auction listings each Sunday for the words “lots of cookbooks.” So it was with joyful heart that we ended up on Route 40, west of Donnelsville at what proved to be a good morning for anyone wanting a good deal on old toys, old books, old … well, lots of old things.
Along with the green stamps, there were bright yellow stamps, loose and spilling out of an envelope, and books filled with both kinds. Enough S&H stamps and Top Value stamps to get a coffee pot or toaster or toys or laundry hamper.
At their peak of popularity, people and organizations would cash in bundles of filled books for such things as camping equipment, games, pen/pencil sets, Pyrex dishes, china, lamps, radios, appliances, everything one would need for a new baby, record players, fishing equipment, bicycles and sets of encyclopedias, musical instruments, furniture, and just about anything normally purchased at a store. Enough stamps could even get you a new car!
These paper coupons or stamps were given at the end of sales as loyalty rewards for shopping with a particular merchant. Keep shopping there, collect enough stamps, and one could choose from a whole catalog of “gifts.” The idea began back as early as 1891, when Schuster’s Department Store in Milwaukee decided to reward customers for paying in cash rather than carrying a credit (which was usually hard to collect).
H. Parke Company of Pennsylvania established their own stamp program in 1895 whereby they rewarded customers for buying Parke products such as coffee, tea, spices and canned goods. Showrooms were set up in corporate headquarters where customers could see and inspect goods to be obtained for the stamps.
By 1957 there were almost 200 trading stamp companies. S&H Green Stamps was the most popular in this area of Ohio. Another large company was the Top Value Stamps. Both had numerous businesses issuing them and local redemption centers in Springfield and Dayton.
During the early 1970s, the energy crisis brought a decline in gas stations giving out the stamps. Station managers decided that to keep their business afloat, it would be more enticing to lower the gas prices, even by just a penny or two, rather than issue the stamps. Grocery stores followed suit.
Preferred customer cards, cents-off coupons, and frequent flyer miles have replaced the green and yellow cash nuggets known long ago as trading stamps. In the shallow box, the memory that came up with the loose stamps was of a small, white, Victorian-style clock. It was the last item I remember cashing in the stamps for. That was back in 1968. Today the stamps show up on EBay where they appear to sit in limbo, much like the depths of this shallow box on the table. They are truly a thing of the past.
Something else of the past was the last item lifted from the box. Another form of payment dating back much further than my lifetime was the silver Spanish Milled Dollar, also known as a Piece of Eight. Because England forbade early American colonies from minting their own coins, settlers had to make do with barter items and foreign coins.
The Spanish coin was the most often circulated of these coins. Edges were milled or had patterns set on the edges to keep less-than-honest traders from cheating customers. The milled dollar was highly respected internationally. Even though it was officially called a dollar, its value was by the weight of its metal content. One could divide or break one of the coins into pieces or bits, thus having smaller amounts to spend on goods or debts. Most often it was divided into eight pieces called bits or reals, hence the expression we’re familiar with, “2 bits, 4 bits, 6 bits, a dollar.”
This coin in our box is not the real thing. It is of lead-free pewter and was issued by the Cooperman Fife & Drum Co. of Centerbrook, Connecticut, back in 1996. But it is of interest because it also has two matching coins, already cut into bits and identifying information. When I reached out to the company for information, Patrick Cooperman replied, “We manufacture material cultural items for the museum store trade. Our HistoryLives products are sold with informational cards that help place them in their historical context. Up until 2005 we had a workshop in Centerbrook, now we wholly operate out of Bellows Falls, Vermont, making percussion musical instruments and parts. We still make the Pieces of Eight.”
You might be wondering if I got any old cookbooks. Yes, there will be stories surface from the depths of those boxes, too.
For now though, here’s a recipe for 8 large or 12 regular size 1940-era gems or muffins.
• 1 cup full-fat buttermilk
• 1 cup quick cooking oats
• 1 large egg
• ¼ cup vegetable oil
• ½ cup packed light brown sugar
• 1 cup all-purpose flour or cake flour
• 1 teaspoon baking powder
• ½ teaspoon baking soda
• ½ teaspoon salt
• Dash of cinnamon, optional
• ½ cup chopped pecans, optional
1. Preheat oven to 400 degrees.
2. Grease or line with muffin papers a tin for at least 8 muffins. In large mixing bowl, soak the oats in the buttermilk until soft (about 15 minutes). Add egg, oil and sugar. Stir until well blended.
3. Sift together flour, baking powder, soda and salt. Stir into wet ingredients. Add cinnamon and pecans if using. Blend well but do not overbeat. Portion batter between muffin cups. Bake for about 15-20 minutes or until done when tested with a toothpick. Remove from tin and enjoy.
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The tigers are exploring their ancestral hunting grounds, which indicates that their number is not a cause for concern.
Tigers have fallen on hard times throughout their remaining ranges across Asia, their numbers having plummeted to a mere 5,000 or so from 100,000 a ceuntury ago. Several subspecies of the iconic predators have especially been affected by habitat loss and poaching.
Now and then, though, comes some good news.
One bit of good news has come from Russia where for the first time in a half century the footprints of Amur tigers have been seen in the northeastern Siberian republic of Sakha.
The discovery, which was made by local forestry officials, has been hailed by conservationists as a sign that the area’s wild tigers might slowly be expanding their range thanks to stepped-up protection measures.
The footprints were found on the right bank of the Aldan River in the southeastern region of Sakha, also known as Yakutia, where an absence of suitable forests and wild boars for prey make it harder for tigers to thrive; and so the find was especially noteworthy.
“The fact that the tigers are exploring their ancestral hunting grounds indicates that the number of the northernmost tigers is not a cause for concern,” observed Viktor Nikiforov, who leads the Tigrus conservationist group.
The Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) is the largest of the six remaining subspecies of the striped predators and, according to a recent census, around 550 of them roam birch forests across stretches of Siberia as well as parts of China and, possibly, North Korea.
The rebounding of Amur tigers is a notable success story because a mere tenth of their current number managed to cling on by the 1940s when the big cats had nearly been hunted into extinction. In 1947, however, the Soviet Union banned the hunting of Amur tigers, which allowed the animals to begin increasing in number.
Even as recently as three decades ago it appeared to be a case of touch and go for wild tigers in Siberia.
“Back in 1994, it seemed impossible: to defeat tiger poaching, to cut off smuggling channels to China, to mobilize science, to create 10 new protected areas, bringing the total preserved area to 23% of the tiger range in Russia, to preserve habitats in cedar walnut-commercial zones, to work out a technique for resolving conflict situations between man and tiger…,” explains WWF’s Russian chapter.
Yet for all those achievements, Amur tigers remain exceedingly rare in the wild and so conservation efforts will remain vital in preserving their populations.
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This company has operated on responsible tourism values since its inception. From an environmental perspective, our initiatives extend from our company offices to our tours. Our head office and stores are powered by a local green energy provider, we encourage cleaner transportation methods for staff, and purchase all supplies from a local green business supplier. Our office is as paperless as possible and our brochures use 100% FSC certified sustainable paper.
Supporting communties is and always has been at the heart of our tours. We provide business opportunities to local people by employing local guides and tour operators. The majority of accommodation used on our tours are small-scale, locally-owned hotels. Our tours mainly use public transportation wherever possible and are small in size to keep our impact on fragile sites and communities as minimal as possible. We monitor the sustainability of our tours through traveler evaluations in order to allow for continuous improvement. We support the local economy and business initiatives by visiting locally-owned shops, restaurants, and markets on our tours.
Many tours incorporate community projects as a way of supplementing community income and supporting community development projects. In 2003 we founded a non-profit organization as a way for our travelers and our company to give back to the people and places we visit. We develop community projects around the world in the areas of health, education, small business development and environmental conservation. Funds are raised through traveler donations and fundraising. The company pays all administration fees which means that 100% of each individual donation goes directly to the community projects. Each year, we continue to support and develop new partnerships with more community projects and community-based tourism initiatives worldwide, in Latin America, Asia and Africa. On most tours, including this one, you have the option to visit a project as part of your trip.
Tour leaders provide travelers with information about local environmental issues in their respective regions, and provide suggestions of how we can best protect the local environment and culture. To reduce the amount of waste created on tours, tour leaders also encourage travelers to use refillable water bottles instead of disposable plastic, cotton tote bags, reusable batteries, etc. We also include destination-specific information in our guidebooks, which are provided to each traveler including information particular to the local culture and environment and tips on how to be a responsible traveler.
On this trip:
Low Impact Accommodation: The accommodation used on a trip can make the difference between local people receiving many benefits or none at all. It can also mean huge impacts or minimal impacts on the environment. On this trip we camp, at designated campsites in and around towns, and we also stay in a small hotels. Camping is a very low-impact style of accommodation because the structures are temporary! Camping means little to no electricity consumption, low water consumption and definitely no energy sucking air conditioning! Camping in Kenya is truly an adventure. You will be able to get off the beaten track to get a first-hand experience of the beautiful wilderness and nature. Just remember we will be taking everything with us that we brought to the area, and using reusable items so as to create little to no waste.
Supporting the Local Culture & Economy: In addition to the wealth of opportunities to discover wildlife and nature in the several game reserves and wildlife sanctuaries visited on this trip, optional activities that allow you to interact with the locals and really experience the culture are a good way (and a fun way) to make your trip have a positive impact in Kenya. Activities that take you to homes, markets, restaurants, and villages are vital to the local peoples’ ability to truly benefit from tourism. People in rural communities, especially in developing countries, often lack access to the economy due to their location, lack of funds, or ability to market their products. Visitors offer them the chance to supplement their income.
Nature & Wildlife Protection: This trip affords countless opportunities to contribute to wildlife conservation by visiting famous national parks where some of the world’s most incredible natural attractions can be found. National parks and private reserves protect the world’s last remaining large tracts of natural forest, wildlife refuge and the planet’s biodiversity. Visiting national parks is an important way to contribute to conservation because entrance fees are the core method of funding many parks, from maintenance to security and protection from poaching. Visitors help the parks to pay staff and keep the park protected.
Here are some activities and places that incorporate real cultural immersion and learning experiences as well as wildlife conservation:
• Visit a local village - In Nairobi you have an opportunity to buy some lovely local handicrafts, or exchange some photographs with your group in the late afternoon, before enjoying your last safari evening together.
• Masai Mara - With its vast open plains and distinctive flat-topped acacia trees, no visit to Kenya would be complete without a visit here! In the afternoon we will arrive in the area, and get settled at our permanent tented camp, our base for our time here. Then we make our way into the reserve for an afternoon game viewing drive, with excellent chances of seeing the "Big 5" - lion, leopard, buffalo, elephant and rhino.
• Samburu Game Reserve - Samburu is a wildlife haven to many species rarely found elsewhere. We enjoy an afternoon game drive in search of the northern species of game that are not seen south of the equator, such as the Reticulated Giraffe, Grevy's Zebra, Beisa Oryx and Somali ostrich. On day 3, we spend a full day game viewing in search of the "Big 5" - elephant, lion, rhino, leopard, and buffalo - in addition to other creatures of the area.
Visit our Community Project: On many of our trips we offer the opportunity to visit one of the local projects we support through our non-profit foundation. Travelers can donate to any one of our projects through our “dollar-a-day” program, or at the end of a trip, but also have the chance to take part in the activities with our partners while in the area! On this trip we will be nearby one of our projects and you may be able to visit before or after the trip:
Limuru Childrens Center : The Limuru Children's Centre (LCC) is situated amongst the tea fields of the Kenyan highlands, on the outskirts of Nairobi. LCC has three main programs; long-term care, day care and feeding program, and academic scholarships.
LCC currently has 35 boarders that are under their care full-time, aged 4 – 15 years old. These children are either orphaned, or come from an unstable family environment. For those children that have relatives, LCC works hard to reunite them with family members, if they are in a position to take care of them. In addition to long-term care, LCC also provides daycare for over 100 children, in two locations. The children are all under 6 years of age and have been identified by a social worker as needing additional support. All of the children receive two meals each day and attend a preschool program.
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Currency Readers Available for the Blind and Visually Impaired at No Cost to Them
In Observance of Low Vision Awareness Month, the Bureau of Engraving and Printing Encourages Eligible Individuals to Apply
Contact: Lydia Washington (202) 874-3487
Washington, DC – February 8, 2016 – The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP), in partnership with the Library of Congress' National Library Services for the Blind and Physically Handicapped (NLS), launched the U.S. Currency Reader Program in 2015 as a means for blind or visually impaired individuals to denominate U.S. currency. Now in its second year, the program provides U.S. citizens or legal residents with vision impairments a free currency reader device at no cost to them.
“To date, more than 35,000 currency readers have been distributed to eligible individuals and we have received a very positive response from the visually impaired community about their functionality. February is Low Vision Awareness Month and what better time to create additional awareness about the program and encourage others to apply for one,” said BEP Director Len Olijar.
The currency reader, called iBill®, is a small hand-held device that denominates all U.S. currency in circulation in one of three modes: a clear natural voice, a pattern of tones, or a pattern of vibrations for privacy. The vibration mode also assists people who are deaf and blind in identifying a note’s denomination. The device uses a single AAA battery, which is included.
Currency reader applications are processed and readers are shipped by the NLS, which also administers a free library program of braille and audio materials for U.S. residents and citizens living abroad.
To request a currency reader, individuals should complete the application located on BEP’s website at http://www.bep.gov/uscurrencyreaderform.html or call (844) 815-9388, toll free to request that an application be mailed.
BEP also offers two mobile device applications that allow users to scan a note and have the note’s value communicated back to the user. EyeNote®, an Apple iOS mobile application for denominating currency can be downloaded free from the Apple App Store and the IDEAL® Currency Identifier app for Android devices can be downloaded free from Google Play.
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We are Anabaptists. We are Mennonites. We are distinct from other Protestants and denominations. We care about peace, justice, community. We are a unique and special people.
Many of us feel this way or at least I know, at times, I do. There is a special quality of Christianity that is evidenced in Anabaptism. Yes, we were persecuted by the Holy Catholic Church, but we were also persecuted by fellow Protestants. There is severity and deep conviction in our confession of faith.
Yet, in truth, too often we rest on the laurels of our Anabaptist forebears. We recall or express nostalgia for the countercultural, anti-empire sentiments and actions of those who came before us, all the while colluding with the current empire on many levels in our life. Some of us (even unwittingly) invest in stocks for pharmaceutical corporations and weapons manufacturers, thus endorsing a system that benefit from death and destruction.
Many persons and whole churches have substituted absolute pacifism with Just War Theory. In that regard we have embraced Augustinean Christianity to the detriment of Jesus’ command to love even our enemies who persecute and abuse us. We claim a Mennonite identity, but too often embrace an American identity or political ideology (whether left or right). We fail to recognize the radical calling upon our lives, which is to root ourselves in a Christ identity.
Some of us need a fresh baptism, a next baptism to awaken us to Christ’s calling upon our lives. We may have been baptized in water, but now we need a fire baptism to burn out the iniquity and inequality that pervades our lives. Like a prairie fire that burns the dead things and promotes richer soil, so too do we need the Spirit of fire to prepare us to live more deeply and richly. (more…)
August 20, 2014 activism, Anabaptism, antiracism, Biographical, Books, Change, Church, Class, Community, Conscientious Objection, Economics, empire, Martyrdom, Mennonite Church USA, Military, neo-Anabaptism, New Monasticism, Nonviolence, Peace & Peacemaking, Social justice, Social movements, Spiritual Life, Stories, Urban Ministry, Writing 0 Read more >
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The Climate Resilient Edmonton: Adaptation Strategy and Action Plan was developed to help the city prepare for the impacts of climate change and protect the community, infrastructure and services. Working with the advice of Edmontonians, the strategy suggests actions to make Edmonton resilient to the effects of climate change.
Beginning in 2016, the City and various stakeholders worked together to develop the strategy. Climate Resilient Edmonton was presented to the Executive Committee of City Council in November 2018. Implementation began soon after.
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If Republicans hope to break their wretched streak of disappointing presidential campaigns – losing the popular vote in five of the last six White House contests – they should learn crucial lessons from the only candidate in that dismal span who proved notably more popular than his party’s national brand: John McCain.
Indignant conservatives may instantly object, citing the conventional wisdom that viewed McCain’s campaign as singularly hapless and inept, and noting the undeniable fact that the Arizona Senator’s opponent, Barack Obama, won a higher percentage of the popular vote – 52.9 percent- than any Democratic candidate since Lyndon Johnson.
Nevertheless, by one important measure McCain outperformed all of his party’s recent candidates and demonstrated personal appeal that far surpassed the GOP’s institutional standing with the electorate. In 2008, Republican candidates for the House of Representatives won a paltry 42.4 percent of the popular vote across the country, while on the same ballot John McCain drew 45.7 percent in his race for the White House: an advantage for the presidential nominee of 3.3 percent.
By comparison, in both races by George W. Bush the nominee led House candidates on his ticket by far less meaningful margins: just 0.6 percent in 2000, and 1.4 percent in 2004. Meanwhile, Bob Dole in 1996 and George H. W. Bush in 1992 did much worse than Republican House candidates in those years, both running more than 7 points behind their Congressional ticket-mates. Mitt Romney also did worse than Republican House nominees in 2012, with 47.3 percent as opposed to 48.1 percent.
These numbers matter because the overall vote for the House of Representatives gives the best indication of the national standing of a political party. Most voters know very little about Congressional candidates in their district; in fact, polls show that the great majority of Americans can’t even name the individual who represents them in the House. When people pull the lever for one candidate or another in these fiercely fought district elections it usually reflects attitudes toward the “R” or “D” after the names on the ballot more than any response to the personal qualities that play far more important roles in presidential, or even Senatorial or gubernatorial, campaigns.
In 2008, the Republican banner had been soiled and tattered by the September economic collapse and the unpopular bank bailout just weeks before the election, not to mention mounting war weariness concerning Iraq, giving Democratic House candidates a crushing 10.5 percent edge on Election Day. Nevertheless, John McCain’s personal popularity allowed him to make a much closer race, despite an underfunded and poorly organized campaign, a very controversial running mate, and the general disapproval associated with the GOP label.
To understand why, it’s worth returning to a happier era for Republican presidential candidates. Just as GOP nominees lost the popular vote in five-of-six races since 1992, they won the popular vote in five-of-six races between 1968 and 1988. The only Democratic win in that span occurred when Jimmy Carter eked out a 50.1 percent victory over Gerald Ford in 1976.
Yet this period hardly represented an era of partisan Republican dominance: in none of those six elections did the GOP win majorities in the House of Representatives. On average, the GOP presidential nominees outperformed their Congressional running mates by 4.7 percent of the popular vote.
They did so by following the model of GOP presidential success pioneered by Dwight Eisenhower in his two landslide victories in 1952 and ’56, when he ran ahead of Republican candidates for the House by an average of more than 7 points. Ike loomed as a larger than life figure over his era, a familiar celebrity with a compelling personal narrative and a non-ideological image that gave him special appeal to independents and Democrats. Reagan and, to some extent Nixon, demonstrated that same attraction that made them far more effective vote-getters than their more partisan GOP allies. Today we may think of Reagan as an uncompromising, doctrinally pure conservative, but in his first successful presidential campaign in 1980 many Americans still knew him primarily as a veteran movie star; his support by prominent liberals (including Black Panther Eldridge Cleaver and former Democratic Senator Eugene McCarthy) gave him strong bi-partisan credentials. In the same way, McCain benefited from tireless support by his Democratic friend Joe Lieberman and a justly-celebrated history as a prisoner of war, allowing him to partially transcend the public’s deep distaste for his party in 2008.
The important point here isn’t that McCain and Eisenhower did better than their party’s Congressional candidates because they were more moderate, or that Reagan got more votes because he was more conservative, or that Nixon outperformed the nominees for the House because he seemed more ideologically heterodox. The real lesson is that when it comes to the presidency, voters decide more on personality than on philosophical or policy considerations. Obama’s victory over Romney didn’t indicate that the electorate shared his vision of a larger, more activist government: in fact, exit polls showed a big majority preferring a smaller government that attempted to do less. At the same time, Obama beat Romney by 60 points on a question about who cared most about “people like me,” and that image as a more compassionate candidate tilted the entire election in his direction.
The days of clear partisan alignments and reliable ideological voting blocs disappeared with the see-saw elections starting after World War II. This represented a profound change in American politics that many politicians and pundits only grudgingly accept. To come to terms with the depth of that change, consider that in all nine presidential elections from 1920 through 1952, the winning White House candidate represented the same party that simultaneously swept both House and Senate. The public switched from strongly Republican to strongly Democratic in the midst of that span, but saw no need for divided government.
Since 1956, however, Americans have split their votes most of the time: electing majorities to at least one house of Congress that opposed the winning popular vote presidential candidate in 9 of the last 13 elections. For more than fifty years, voters have reliably ignored or even disdained all talk of partisan realignment or emerging ideological majorities, choosing in more than two thirds of presidential contests that that the two elective branches of government should disagree with one another.
This means that Republicans would make a serious mistake to argue that victory demands that the next nominee must be more conservative, or more moderate for that matter, than Mitt Romney. The public’s not looking for a true believer to move the party to the right, or a wary pragmatist who will shift toward the center, but for a fresh, formidable figure that rises above the scary, petty Washington gridlock. Many believed they had found such a president with Barack Obama, but he seemed shrill and partisan in his first two years, lost control of Congress and then drew 4 million fewer votes the second time he ran.
If Republicans want to win again they need nominees who can transcend partisanship with magnetic personalities and stirring stories that trump weary policy debates. In the next four years the GOP should go big: finding, recruiting or developing potential candidates who look larger than either of the two parties that seem increasingly tired, shabby and small.
A version of this column appeared originally in THE DAILY BEAST.
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Welcome to our project on synapse formation and influencing factors! This project is dedicated to the understanding and interpretation of synapses and the human brain. Also how different influences (such as alcohol) may affect synapses and brain function. Due to the fact that the brain is one of our most vital organs, we considered this topic of study crucial to the understanding of our health.
We hope that you will enjoy and learn (and enjoy) this as much as we did!
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Incessantly insurance firms are contacted after a claim has been processed by a shopper who feels their advantages had been improperly paid once they receive Out-of-Network benefits for the diagnostic portion of their visit. Lastly, the medical records that usually carry the most weight with Social Safety are medical supply statements from your treating physician This is because a treating doctor (a health care provider you see often) will typically know your medical condition better than every other supply. RFC varieties are ideal for this objective.
At the start amongst these are Epiquery (a contraction of epidemiology†and queryâ€) and the Atmosphere and Well being Knowledge Portal portal, each extremely interactive instruments offering users instant entry to a whole bunch of health indicators in the way that is most useful to them. Please contact your healthcare supplier immediately.
Olive oil – Olive oil is understood to be the healthiest cooking media and hence when increasingly used it is known to forestall heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, and autoimmune illness and sure varieties of cancers. In fact Mediterranean people use olive oil in cooking, for preparing salads, fish and even in desserts equivalent to cakes and pastries. With in depth use of olive oil in Mediterranean cooking, they do not eat butter or limit their butter consumption considerably which in fact is extremely healthy.
Section II medical trials usually final one to two years and contain as much as several hundred volunteers who have the situation to be handled. The first purpose of Section II trials is to search out out if the investigational treatment has the specified results in individuals, to confirm the very best dosage to be used in additional testing, and to start testing for security.
Sugar tastes superior. No one’s going to argue with that. The issue? The more you eat, the greater it impacts how outdated you look and feel. Based on the Cleveland Clinic , consuming too much sugar not only disrupts your metabolism—leading to weight problems, diabetes, and heart illness—but it also prevents you from feeling wholesome and youthful. Fulfill your sweet tooth by sticking to healthy sources of natural sugar as an alternative, corresponding to contemporary fruit.
The ideal diet for celiac illness is a gluten free diet. From the popular high-fats, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet to the aware eating fashion of listening to your body’s hunger cues, we spherical up some expert advice on which diet plans may go finest for you in the new 12 months — and which of them to leave behind. Individuals typically confuse ketosis with ketoacidosis. The former is pure, while the latter solely occurs in uncontrolled diabetes.
Protein needs to be moderate, as a very excessive consumption can spike insulin levels and lower ketones. Around 35% of complete calorie intake might be the upper limit. What the diet advocate says: The brainchild of Dr Mark Hyman, he came up with the idea after discovering himself sandwiched between a vegan and a paleo advocate while doing a panel speak. ‘The most effective versions of each diets are built into the muse: eat actual, entire meals,’ he says.
Cheese is without doubt one of the tastiest low-carb foods and might be eaten each raw and as an ingredient in varied delicious recipes. It pairs particularly well with meat, similar to on top of a bunless burger. Mayo’s verdict: Similar to the Mediterranean diet it is based on, this strategy to eating is nutritionally sound and not overly restrictive like some other diet developments.
A prescribed course of consuming and consuming wherein the amount and type of food, as well as the times at which it’s to be taken, are regulated for therapeutic purposes. Carbs: thirteen grams per 1-ounce piece, or forty six grams per a hundred grams. This is dependent upon the kind, so be sure that to learn the label. Developed by French doctor Pierre Dukan within the Nineteen Seventies, the Dukan Diet consists of four levels. It starts with the Assault Phase, which consists virtually completely of limitless lean-protein foods.
It is typically agreed that carbohydrates are the main perpetrator in diabetes. Therefore, by decreasing the quantity of ingested carbohydrate through the use of a ketogenic diet, there are elevated chances for improved blood sugar control. A poor diet can increase the chance of coronary heart disease, as a result of eating meals high in fats can lead to high blood pressure , excessive cholesterol levels, and weight problems , that are main risk elements for the situation.
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Too Much Medication?
“How do you know if you are overmedicated? I’m currently taking 60 mg of Ritalin four times a day, and 40 mg of Adderall with every other dose.”
Let me first comment on your medication plan. The Food and Drug Administration and the manufacturers of Ritalin recommend a maximum dose of 20 mg four times a day. Thus, you are currently on three times the recommended dose. The upper limit of Adderall is considered to be 20 mg per dose, although some will use more.
Second, although it is done occasionally, it is recommended that one not take Ritalin and Adderall or Dexedrine at the same time. Therefore, you might discuss your dosage and use of two stimulant medications at the same time with your physician.
To more specifically answer your question, there are two side effects that suggest that you are taking more medication than you can manage. The first side effect is emotional lability (being more irritable or tearful than you would be normally); the second is to be so overfocused that you feel “spacey” or “in a cloud.” Some report that when overmedicated, the medication takes away their personality and they feel flat. If any of these side effects occur at any age, the dose should be lowered.
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This text is part of:
Table of Contents:
The Mytileneans are received into the Peloponnesian alliance and the Lacedaemonians prepare to invade Attica. τὴν ἐς τὴν Ἀττικὴν ἐσβολήν: cf. c. 13. § 4. The acc. placed first, though grammatically dependent on ὡς ποιησόμενοι, is almost abs., and as to the invasion of Attica. Cf. ii. 62. 1; Soph. El. 1364. See on i. 32. 17. — παροῦσι κατὰ τάχος . . . μέρεσιν: παροῦσι is to be connected with ἰέναι and is dependent on ἔφραζον (=ἐκέλευον), gave orders to present themselves speedily and march to the isthmus with a contingent of two thirds. So Lupus explains, N. Jahrbb. cxi. p. 166. Steup brackets παροῦσι. See App.—5. ἔφραζον: with dependent inf., also vi. 58. 7. Kühn. 473, 2. The impf. does not differ here essentially from the aorist. GMT. 57; Kr. Spr. 53, 2, 1. The original subj. οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ οἱ ξύμμαχοι is here limited to οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι alone. See on c. 10. 16; i. 18. 21.— τοῖς δύο μέρεσι: i.e. with two thirds of their whole force capable of bearing arms. This was the regular contingent furnished by the Peloponnesian states for expeditions beyond their own borders. Cf. ii. 10. 6; 47. 2.—6. ὅλκους: ὄργανα οἷς αἱ νῆες ἕλκονται, Schol.—7. ὡς ὑπεροίσοντες: sc. τὰς ναῦς. Cf. c. 81. 3; iv. 8. 8; viii. 7. 7; Dio C. lxviii. 28 ὑπερενεγκὼν τὰ πλοῖα ὅλκοις, Liv. xlii. 16 per Isthmi iugum navibus traductis Aeginam traiciunt. See Wachsmuth, Ant. Gr. ii. p. 336. Acc. to Strabo viii. 6. 22, the place where the transfer was made was called δίολκος.—9. ἐπιόντες: as fut. partic. co-ord. with ὑπεροίσοντες and dependent on ὡς. οἱ ἄλλοι ξύμμαχοι: since just above (ll. 4, 6) τοῖς ξυμμάχοις and αὐτοί are opposed, ἄλλοι means here doubtless besides. See on i. 2. 12. G. 966, 2; H. 705.—11. καρποῦ: collective sing., like Eng. fruit, as in iv. 84. 5; 88. 4; Hom. A 156. Cf. κάλαμος, ii. 76. 2; ἄμπελος, iv. 90. 9; multa fruge, Hor. Ep. i. 16. 10. Kr. Spr. 44, 1, 1; Kühn. 347, 1. The art. is omitted on acc. of the close connexion with ξυγκομιδῇ. Since the summer was already advanced (see on date of the Olympia, c. 8. 5), καρπός prob. refers here, as in iv. 84. 5, esp. to grapes. See A. Mommsen, Über d. Zeit der Olympien, p. 57 ff.— ἐν . . . ἦσαν: belongs to both the essentially different expressions, ξυγκομιδῇ (of action) and ἀρρωστίᾳ (of disposition of mind); with the former after the analogy of ἐν παρασκευῇ εἶναι, ii. 101. 10; with the latter after that of ἐν ταραχῇ καὶ φόβῳ εἶναι, c. 79. 9.— ἀρρωστίᾳ: i.e. ἀπροθυμίᾳ, despondency, as in vii. 47. 3. Cf. viii. 83. 7 ἀρρωστότερον.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.
An XML version of this text is available for download, with the additional restriction that you offer Perseus any modifications you make. Perseus provides credit for all accepted changes, storing new additions in a versioning system.
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Making promises is wonderful. However, keeping them is another matter. With elections around the world, promises are just about all you hear from the candidates for future elected offices. Yet, how many of the promises that they make are actually kept. It would take a person devoting their entire work hours and then some to see which of the promises they made were kept and how many were broken. One of the keys, though, is that they tend to keep their word on the really big pledges so that they can utilize the publicity for their next election. It has been said that once a person is elected into office, they are immediately planning their next election even if it is several years away. Of course, originally being elected to be a job that individuals were proud of and their goal really was to make the world a better place. Now, it is a highly lucrative business and is all about the money. In the United States, even if they only serve one term, their retirement and benefits give them a much easier financial life. I am not saying all politicians are bad, but look at what is at stake. There are campaign funds, contributions, fund raisers all for the purpose of being in office. Running on one’s merits is there but it is overshadowed by the money. If there wasn’t any money involved, how many people do you think would volunteer to work as an elected official for the good of the community? Not many I would imagine! When people get married they make a commitment and promises. Yet with the high rate of divorce, those both seem meaningless. Relationships start out with everything going smoothly. Somewhere along the way, things begin to unravel and fall apart. People who really love each other will withstand whatever happens. The people who only married for money, convenience, it was time due to their age, or any other reason that comes to mind, end up in divorce court. When they said “I do,” they meant it. However, when times became too difficult, their promises no longer mattered. There are a few stories in the Good Gus Series that include promises by characters. The best part for the young reader is that they were kept. It shows them the value of keeping their word. (books available on Kindle) If you are seeking different reading material, look no further. “Misplaced Trust” offers intrigue, greed, hidden motivations for behavior and so much more. So if you have promised yourself you would read more then visit maecharlesbooks.com, , Apple I-Books, 24 Symbol, Nook, Kindle and other quality e-book sites and begin your adventure.
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Spring is here and the nettles are growing again so I decided it was time to make a meal out of them. Most people know that stinging nettles are pesky green plants that irritate the skin when you touch them. What you probably don’t know is that they’re a nutritious source of iron, calcium, potassium, and silica as well as vitamins A, B, C, and K1. Stinging nettles also have anti-inflammatory properties and can relieve arthritis and rheumatism. They can be turned into soups, curries, and risottos (some recipes here) and you can get them completely free from practically everywhere in Britain over the summer. You’ve likely even got some in your garden.
When you collect them you need to wear gloves because they sting. The advantage of this is it allows you to make sure you’re collecting the right thing. If you’re unsure, just touch one and see whether it hurts which is exactly what I did. It hurt.
The even look a bit scary with their toothy-edged leaves.
Once you’ve got them inside, boil them in water for a few minutes and this will stop them stinging.
We’re having stinging nettle risotto.
People think that when you become vegan you have to give up lots of food. It’s true that I stopped eating animals but the number of different species I eat has grown considerably. This is because meat-eaters tend to eat the same few species of animals over and over again – pigs, cows, chickens. Whereas there are some 20,000 species of edible plants in the world. Meat also tends to fill you up. Indeed I’ve been to dinner with people where all they have on their plate is a slab of meat and nothing else. Whereas as a vegan (with the exception of a shitty Spanish restaurant that served me a plate of artichokes and nothing else) I eat a huge variety of species. Meat-eaters can eat these too but they often don’t because meat is so filling.
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Born in 1245, Nicholas became a devoted follower of Saint Augustine and is depicted here wearing the order’s habit. He was ordained as a priest as a young man and left home to minister in Tolentino. With his right index finger, Nicholas points to a golden star, the miraculous sign that reputedly led him to the war-torn city. Following his death, Tolentino beame a pilgrimage site. Nicholas was canonized as a saint in 1446, shortly before Piero painted the Sant’Agostino altarpiece.
NOT IN THE EXHIBITION
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MBA/Master's Degree in South Asian Studies
Students in the South Asian Studies Program develop an understanding of the history, culture, politics, and languages of South Asia as a complement to their MBA studies.
Students work closely with an advisor to develop a program appropriate to their research interests. Degree requirements include the successful completion of 28 courses and a master's thesis.
Business School Course Requirements
- Leadership Effectiveness and Development (1 course)
- Business Foundations (3 courses)
- Functions, Management, and Business Environment (6 courses)
- Business Electives (5 courses)
South Asian Studies Course Requirements
- South Asian Area Studies (7 courses)
Students should consult with faculty members for advice on courses which will be most useful to their particular needs and interests.
- Language Study (6 courses)
Demonstrated proficiency in one South Asian language is required.
Access our online application and select "MBA/South Asian Studies" program option.
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Hours and Info
Battelle Darby Creek features more than 7,000 acres of forest, prairies and wetlands. It stretches along 13 miles of the Big and Little Darby creeks, both State and National Scenic Rivers. Besides the areas surrounding the creeks, there are also over 1,600 acres of restored wetlands and prairies. Bison have been reintroduced to the park and roam freely within two enclosed pastures.
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We waste a lot of money each month. Whether it’s at restaurants or on video games or on impulse purchases, we do it all the time. Rent, food, and gas are all needs, but other than that, I recently committed to a monthly payment that I consider to be the best of my life.
With all the great features smartphones have and with all the communicating we do, it’s hard to go 45 minutes without someone trying to contact you by phone or email. Even worse, it’s hard not to want to check to see if someone is trying to get in touch with you.
Lauren and I are used to texting constantly and it turns out that it’s a lot harder not to text and drive than it sounds. We have a big problem not picking up the phone when someone texts and when you’re sitting in traffic, it’s hard not to reach for the phone.
We’ve agreed not to text, but it wasn’t a foolproof plan. We still succumbed to the pressure occasionally, and even though we knew how unsafe it was, we couldn’t help it.
I decided we needed to take drastic action, so while the fear of death enough, apparently $100 is. I told Lauren that each month she doesn’t text and drive, she can have $100 in cash to spend on anything she wants, whether it’s clothing, charity, presents for me, or saving (wouldn’t it be great for her to save that $100 each month for years and surprise me with $50,000 that she’s saved up for 20 years?).
This is above and beyond our normal budget. And she gets it in cash so that I don’t go tracking her purchases and asking her why she’s wasting money. Obviously, Lauren’s safety is more than worth the money and I don’t care what she does with that $100.
Of course, this wouldn’t work for me because I’d be inclined to just save that $100 so we’ll have to think of another way to keep me motivated not to text and drive. Maybe a special steak dinner for me once a month?
We put in this agreement so that we don’t have to get letters like this. The best $100 recurring bill I’ve ever committed to.
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On April 11, 1991, my first day on the job at Norman Thomas High School in New York City, Yarius, a student in my College Accounting course, asked me: “Why are you teaching?” His question probed for more than the introduction I offered the entire class: I went to public elementary school in East Harlem, graduated from Brooklyn Technical High School, had an undergraduate degree in accounting, a law degree, spent five years selling computers for IBM and, after taking a year and a half off to travel the world, had decided to pursue my lifelong desire to teach. I purposely gave a broad sketch of my life, leaving out details of my love interests or political views. I interpreted Yarius’s question in two ways: first, “If you have so much going for you, why are you ‘just’ a teacher?”; and second, “We students don’t deserve teachers who want to teach.”
“Why am I ‘just’ a teacher?” I did not want to be challenged so early. I have always wanted to teach, to dance, to act in the theater, and to write. But these were things that “faggots” did. And I was not a faggot. So I chose careers that were strong, tough, and highly principled, like accounting, law, and computer sales, professions you might identify with your father. In fact, people relied on me and I was very comfortable in the role of provider. In turn, I was rewarded with a career and incredible security. I wanted to be a respectable man in a respected profession.
Since childhood I have longed to teach, but every message I received reinforced the notion that respectable men did not become teachers. If men taught at all, men became professors, and only as a second career. If they taught high school, they became principals. So my real desire to teach grades four, five, and six was dwarfed by these capricious standards and my fear of parents accusing me of sexual abuse or statutory rape because I hugged some young boy.
“We don’t deserve teachers who want to teach?” I was unnerved because Yarius’s question conveyed the sentiment of the system: public school students were not entitled to “the best.” Norman Thomas High School, built in the 1970’s, had sound physical facilities. The school possessed several computer labs and state-of-the-art audio-visual equipment, and teachers had access to photocopy machines. Major drawbacks included a lack of teachers’ aides, basic supplies, maps, magazines, workbooks, and full class sets of current textbooks. In my College Accounting course, a special class for advanced seniors, all of the students had new books. But in every other class I taught, because of my status as a “new jack” faculty, my students were left with incomplete sets of current textbooks, no workbooks, or complete sets of earlier editions. In my naivete, I let a class of mine take home a set of twenty-year-old texts and workbooks. When word got out to the school administration, I honestly felt my job was in jeopardy. Using the computer labs to type up some of my lessons was also a mistake. I later found out that I needed permission and proper supervision (either the chairman of the department or one of the two paras assigned to the labs) to do so.
My biggest faux pas was returning a telephone call in the general office. While I was in mid-dial, the vice-principal for administration walked over, put her hand on the switch hook, and recited the rules and regulations on telephone usage. I know I looked at her as if she were a madwoman. The fact that she was a middle-aged white woman who probably taught students my age fifteen years ago contributed to why she felt she could address me in such a condescending way. After waiting for some color to return to her face, I reminded her that I understood English and could hear well enough that she did not have to shout. I also informed her that she was in no danger of attack, so she could remove her left hand from her hip and her right hand from my face. One of the office workers, an African-American woman in her late fifties, thanked me for not “slapping [the vice-principal] silly,” and later informed the school grapevine, which made me popular with certain staff.
I began to internalize what I also sensed in the classroom: although the school was named after a socialist leader and writer, the school did not belong to the students, nor were they entitled to fully enjoy what the school might have. Rather they were allowed to mostly look and not touch, to visit Thirty-third Street and Park Avenue as early as 8:30 a.m., and to retire to whatever part of New York City they lived in after the 2:50 p.m. bell. It was logical that students like Yarius question anyone who suggested they should receive “the best,” a sad lesson to learn so young, as well as for me to witness, so early in my own teaching career.
Though I wanted to fit in at Norman Thomas, I had made a conscious decision not to “pass” as heterosexual. Even before Clinton’s “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy, I had already fallen in line: don’t ask me about my sex life, I won’t tell you a thing. If you do ask me about my sex life, I might tell. In the fourteen months I spent at Norman Thomas, I had come out ot only one other teacher, a gay man himself. He, a white Latino, and I were two of a handful of men of color on a staff of more than two hundred teachers. We were also among the youngest teachers on the staff (he was 28, I was 33, with the faculty’s mean age being 47). I had a lot of anxiety just talking to him, but was so hungry for an ally that I took the risk and struck up a conversation with him. After a few lunches, we somehow got onto the subject of what we did after work, and I talked about my involvement with Other Countries, a black gay men’s writing group. With his help, I got over some of my fear of talking about being gay at work. While at Norman Thomas, I developed close relationships with three African-American teachers, all female, all married, and all, to my knowledge, heterosexual. I could not find the strength to tell them I was gay.
Today, almost three years later, I am teaching at City-As-School, a New York City alternative high school. I am constantly reminded of my own student days in the sixties and seventies. Everything felt possible, and nothing was beyond question. I do not think many of my present students share the same feelings about their future: their opportunities, resources, and expectations have been limited.
I wonder at times if, as a Black gay male teacher, I am really making a difference. Many of the values I hold are alien to my students. I am startled and often surprised at their frequently conservative and rigid remarks regarding sex, recreational drug use, sexuality, and other “moral” issues. Most of the time I find I am left of center, still the precocious child, the sensitive teenager, the left-wing student with the right-wing college majors; still, in the words of fellow African-American co-workers, the “too-Black” IBM sales representative. My nephew takes an HIV/AIDS awareness class that I team-teach with Rhea Modeste, a straight African-American woman. I remember our many conversations about life, history, and politics when he was a young boy. I remember our weekend excursions to the Hayden Planetarium, museums, theater shows, movies, and ethnic restaurants. I remember encouraging him to draw, at age four, a dog in the park. His growth spurts are documented in several picture frames throughout my house. I have taken him on several out-of-state trips and introduced him to many gay friends, including my lover of three years, whom I make a point of inviting to all my family functions. But attitudes change slowly, a fact made clear when he remarked that he “respect[s] homosexuals but wish[es] they were not so public.” I was surprised and hurt by his comment. I was sad that I had talked with him at length about my friends and lovers. I was angry at myself that I had not been more forthright about my being gay, about him having a gay uncle. I made sure to invite him to my upcoming domestic partnership celebration, in hopes that the publicness of the event will stimulate dialogue between us.
I have had more honest conversations with other students about sex and sexual orientation. Many of the gay students in the school come and talk to me about their lives and their goals. I find it especially rewarding when I can support a student or two struggling with the same issues, offering resources they were unaware of or encouraging their process of self-exploration.
I feel good about being a teacher. I feel good knowing that many of my colleagues know that I am gay. While marching down Fifth Avenue, in the 1993 Lesbian and Gay Pride March, I was greeted and joined by at least seven fellow City-As-School staffers. The principal and several of my students spotted me on an African-American cable TV talk show where I shared about being Black and gay. But, although I have never felt better about myself or my work, I still constantly struggle with feeling totally comfortable in this profession. As a gay teacher, I struggle personally as well, knowing that the successive deaths from AIDS of so many of my friends have weighed me down. I am often unable to find language to express my own feelings of loss. In April of 1991, HIV and death were unintentional motivators for me to teach. Not until an ex-lover died of AIDS did I decide it was time to get tested for HIV, the virus believed to cause AIDS. I had waited for years for some physical sign, some indicator that I might be infected. When I tested positive for HIV on November 18, 1992, I was not surprised. On that day I breathed a sigh of relief and cried three times on the way home from the anonymous testing site — once for my mother, who I did not want to see me die; a second time for my cousin Sheilah, with whom I had grown so much; and the third for my lover John, who I feared would witness me deteriorate. I was too numb to cry for myself.
When Rhea asked me to team-teach the HIV/AIDS awareness class, I was reluctant. Pressing fears about being so “out” were paralyzing. Even though many of my students know that I am gay, their remarks are often homophobic and reflect an erroneous association between HIV and being gay. But once I agreed to teach the class, I had every intention of disclosing my seropositive status. I never did. I was afraid of being perceived as the “infected gay carrier” who warns students to protect themselves from “high-risk groups,” which ironically includes gay men and sexually active teenagers. I also found it difficult to echo the prevention messages routinely targeting the public which separate people into “the negatives” — those who must be spared — and “the positives” — those who will end up with AIDS and die.
Eventually, I know I will talk about being gay, how being gay, and being HIV-positive, for that matter, does not mean having AIDS. I know too that sharing this information will add to my own healing and will help define who I am. I know now that I began teaching because I was unconsciously preparing to die. I continue teaching because I am looking forward, more consciously than ever, to tomorrow.
© B.Michael Hunter 1993
This essay was published in One Teacher in Ten: Gay and Lesbian Educators Tell Their Stories, Ed. Kevin Jennings, 1994. An early draft of this piece appears here.
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- The Computer Science BSc at UCL delivers world-class, industry-relevant teaching, with a strong focus on solving real-world problems through problem-based learning.
- The programme provides the essential material employers expect from a top-quality computer science graduate and prepares you for employment in a wide variety of industries.
- The course is designed to equip students with the fundamental understanding and practical skills needed by the potential leaders of a demanding profession.
- University Rankings
- ARWU (Shanghai Ranking) 2021
- QS 2021
- THE (Times Higher Education) 2022
- The Complete University Guide 2022
- The Guardian 2022
- US News & World Report 2022
|Tuition & fees||INR 34,23,654|
|Hostel & Meals||INR 7,41,304|
|Course materials||INR 15,216|
|Health Surcharge||INR 45,844|
Calculated at the exchange rate of 1 Pound = INR 97.54|
Tuition & expenses were last updated on 12ᵗʰ July 2022
No specific cutoff mentioned
Marks - 62/90
Marks - 6.5/9
Students may get a conditional offer
Step 1: Prepare documents for application
- Two written recommendation from a teacher, adviser or professional who knows the applicant academically is required
Step 2: Additional documents required
Step 3: Start your online application
Sep , 2023
Course Commencement DateUp-coming
1,42,770 brochures downloaded till date.
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First Texas Fracking Case Results in Verdict for Plaintiffs
On April 22, 2014, a Dallas County court jury awarded a family $2.95 million in the first fracking case to go to a jury in Texas.
Lisa and Robert Parr live on 40 acres atop the Barnett Shale where fracking began in 2008. Twenty-two wells were eventually drilled within two miles of their 40-acre home. The Parrs alleged that they began experiencing chronic nose bleeding, irregular heartbeat, muscle spasms, and open sores when fracking began. They claimed the symptoms were caused by exposure to hazardous gases, chemicals, and industrial waste.
The Parrs sued Aruba Petroleum, Inc. (Aruba) and ten other oil and gas companies in 2011, alleging negligence, gross negligence, private nuisance and trespass. Halliburton won a no-evidence summary judgment, arguing the family had produced no evidence that Halliburton's conduct was the proximate cause of their injuries. Specifically, Halliburton argued that it conducted very limited work on the sites; namely, it had only “provided drilling mud services, rented or sold equipment, placed fracturing plugs on certain wells, and provided cementing services.” The Parrs settled with other defendants prior to trial.
The trial court granted Aruba’s motion for summary judgment as to all claims but private nuisance, and the case proceeded to the jury on that claim. During trial, Aruba’s primary argument was that the Parrs could not prove that Aruba caused their injuries due to the number of wells drilled around their property by other oil and gas companies. Aruba drilled eight wells within a mile of the Parrs' land and another 14 within two miles, but that same land was filled with dozens of other drilling rigs. Aruba also argued that it had been in compliance with applicable state and federal laws.
On a 5-1 vote, the jury found that Aruba “intentionally created a private nuisance” but did not find that it acted with the malice necessary to justify an award of punitive damages. The jury awarded $275,000 for losses on property value, $2 million for past physical pain and suffering, $250,000 for future physical pain and suffering and $400,000 for mental anguish.
Aruba was represented by attorney Ben Barron of Ben K. Barron PC. Barron said Aruba will file post-verdict motions challenging the ruling and will “certainly appeal” if judgment is entered on the verdict. We will continue to monitor further developments.
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BARR, Norman L. (1908 - 1979)
Captain Norman Lee Barr, MC USN was a physicist, naval aviator, and flight surgeon in charge of the Aero Medical Space Research Laboratory of the US Navy.
He was born in Myrtlewood, Alabama on August 3th, 1908. He graduated in October 1929 from USAAF Flying School at Kelly Field, Texas, and designated an Airplane Pilot and Airplane Observer. After two years with the Air Force, he was chief pilot for the Isthmian Airlines for two years and engaged in chartered flights in Central and South America.
In 1931, he married with Zola Foster and two years later, he entered Georgetown University Medical School and received his medical degree in 1937. Commissioned in the Navy in 1938, he attended the Navy post-graduate medical school. After a course at the AAF School of Aviation Medicine in 1939, he was designated an Air Force Flight Surgeon. He attended the Navy School of Aviation in Pensacola in 1942 and received his Navy wings.
The World War II years were spent as a Flight Surgeon and Medical Officer with various aircraft carriers and fleet activities. Assigned to the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery in 1946, he became officer in charge of the Special Activities Branch. In 1950, he became head of the Aviation Medicine Division of the Naval Medical Research Institute. Then he was Director of Aviation Medicine Research and Deputy Director for Medical Research.
Dr. Barr spent more than 8000 hours in the air as first pilot and near 4000 hours as second pilot, and observer and was truly an authority in the field of aviation medicine and research. He has engaged in a wide range of research in various fields related to flight safety.
He developed systems for simulated instrument-flying conditions in instrument-training aircraft cockpits. He was the first to determine and explain the need for artificial lights in aircraft cockpits for high-altitude daylight flight. He was also the first to measure and report the important effects of atmospheric brightness on the visibility of cockpit instruments. He designed instruments to compute visibility range and to measure physical variabilities influencing visibility. He perfected a system for reducing the hazards due to the blinding effects of glare from aircraft searchlights during night attacks.
He devised systems for gathering and automatically recording physiological data from airborne pilots, and from animal and human occupants of earth orbiting vehicles, transmitting it to the ground by radio and relaying it to a central laboratory by radio and telephone from any part of the world.
Captain Barr retired from the Navy on 1 September 1959 following more than 21 years of active service.
In 1960 Navy awarded him a Certificate of Exceptional Service in recognition of his extraordinary achievements, as well as for his numerous other significant contributions to aviation medicine.
He died in Arlington, Virginia on April 26, 1979.
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- "Mr. F. Morgan picked up a live pig yesterday?"
- ―Phelps, confused at finding the hog reciept at the crime scene
Events of L.A. Noire
During Adrian Black's attempt to fake his death, Adrian sought help from friend and co-worker Frank Morgan. Frank purchased a live pig from the Riverside Slaughterhouse (possibly a reference to Mafia II) and brought it to the P.E. Freight Depot. The two sprayed the pig's blood inside Adrian's car and on radiator pipe to trick others into thinking that Adrian had been attacked and murdered.
Unfortunately, Morgan was careless enough to leave the receipt for the pig inside the trunk of the car. As the LAPD investigated Adrian's "disappearance", Detective Cole Phelps found the receipt with Morgan's signature, connecting Morgan to the "crime scene". Phelps and Bekowsky later confronted Morgan, with the receipt as proof of his involvement at the rail yard, Morgan confessed that he helped Adrian in an attempt to fake his death. Furthermore, forensic analysis confirmed that the blood was not human and closely matching that of a swine pig.
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http://lanoire.wikia.com/wiki/Receipt_for_live_hog
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Body Mass Index (BMI) Calculator
This calculator determines your body mass index (BMI). When using this BMI calculator, it is important to keep in mind that BMI is a reasonably reliable indicator of overall body fat composition for the general population, however it can occasionally be misleading for a person who's body composition is not typical. Since BMI is determined solely from height and weight data, it is essentially an indication of whether or not you fall into a "healthy" weight range for your height. However, since no actual body fat measurement is made when determining BMI, if your BMI should happen to be 25.0 or above the resulting "overweight" or "obese" classification is essentially based on an assumption that the additional weight on your body is from fat rather than muscle. Take, for example, an athletic, 5'11" tall, muscular male with low body fat that weighs 180 lbs. Many athletes, professional or otherwise, fit this general body type description yet they would be classified as "overweight" according to any BMI calculator. There is nothing wrong with the calculator, the BMI classifications are simply targeted for the general population and do not account for that portion of the population that has low body fat but high lean (i.e. muscle) body mass. Rest assured, if you are lean and muscular and this BMI calculator informs you that you are overweight or obese, there is nothing to worry about, it is the BMI classification system that is at fault and you need not be concerned about your weight. On the other hand, if you are not lean and muscular and this BMI calculator informs you that you are overweight, then you are most likely overweight.
Classification categories for BMI, as outlined by the World Health Organization, are shown in the table below.
|Less than 18.5||Underweight|
|From 18.5 to 25||Normal|
|Greater than 25||Overweight|
|Greater than 30||Obese|
The equations used by this calculator to determine your BMI are shown below.
- Metric: BMI = WKG / (HM x HM)
- Imperial: BMI = (WP x 703) / (HI x HI)
BMI = Body Mass Index
HM = Height in Metres
HI = Height in Inches
WKG = Weight in Kilograms
WP = Weight in Pounds
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| 0.918978
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These 3 black cats were visitors to our feral cat colony but they never became permanent residents. Anyone who has been around black cats knows that it can be hard to tell them apart at a distance and we were initially uncertain if there were 2 or 3 of these guys. Time and repeated visits eventually showed us that there were 3.
You’ve already met King as the loser of a stare-down with Foreman, a long-term resident black cat. King had the good sense to back down when Foreman gave him the evil eye but most of the time he carried himself with pride and a jaunty, assertive air. He would stay for weeks at a time and then melt into the woods, only to appear again a few weeks later. There were times when he was a regular breakfast customer but the morning always came when he was not at the back yard stump for his rations. Not long after his encounter with Foreman he seems to have decided the competition was too stiff and he never returned.
Bump appeared a month after King’s first appearance. For reasons that you can easily see in the photos, at first we didn’t notice that a new cat had wandered into the clearing. But then we saw an injury on Bump’s neck that we had not seen on King and a slight bump on his back that was absent from King’s back. So Bump he became.
Bump was more skittish than King. He appreciated the food and water during his short stay but kept his distance from us and the other cats. He remained a loner and left after a few months.
Bluff appeared within a month of both King and Bump but he only stayed for a day. In fact, we would not have noticed his presence at all if we were not keeping a close eye on a trap we kept propped open so a few trap-shy cats would habituate to the traps and we could trap and neuter them. Bluff took advantage of the situation and stopped for a brief meal as he traveled to wherever his final destination was. He seemed to survey the territory before he left as if he was committing the area to memory but we never saw him again. It’s probably a good thing we had the trap door propped open. Bluff may well have been a pet cat on his way home from a long walkabout.
It’s odd that all 3 of these black cats arrived within a month or so of one another, but we have no idea if there was a prior connection or if this was just a freak, chance occurrence. If I have to put my money down on a choice, I’m upholding the reputation of black cats and going with chance.
- Feral Cat Fridays: Chiefly About Thomas
- Feral Cat Fridays: Looking Back
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Wolf Administration Warns Against Charity Scams
December 9, 2021
With so many people donating to charities this time of year, the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (DoBS) and Pennsylvania Department of State (DOS) are offering tips to help consumers make sure their contributions are going to legitimate charitable organizations.
Consumers can protect their contributions and prevent becoming a victim by learning how to identify a charity scam.
Red Flags of Charity Scams:
1. Similar Sounding Name: Scammers often use names that sound similar to legitimate charities to intentionally create confusion.
2. High Pressure Solicitation: Fraudsters...
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.mcheraldonline.com/story/2021/12/09/news/wolf-administration-warns-against-charity-scams/10042.html?m=true
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StockMarketsReview.com November 17, 2010
(RTTNews) – Drug maker Merck & Co. Inc. (MRK) said Wednesday that an U.S. Food and Drug Administration Advisory Commitee supported an approval for its human papillomavirus vaccine ‘Gardasil’, for prevention of anal cancer and anal intraepithelial neoplasia in both males and females aged 9 to 26 years.
Merck said the input from FDA’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee will be considered by the FDA in its review of the supplemental Biologics License Application submitted for Gardasil in early 2010. The FDA, however, is not bound by the Committee’s guidance.
The Advisory Committee’s approval pertains to Gardasil, Human Papillomavirus Quadrivalent Types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Gardasil, also known as Silgard, is a vaccine proven to prevent certain types of human papillomavirus or HPV.
Currently, Gardasil is approved in the U.S. for use in girls and young women 9 through 26 years of age for the prevention of cervical, vulvar and vaginal cancers, genital warts, and and precancerous or dysplastic lesions caused by certain types of HPV.
The vaccine is also approved in the U.S. for boys and men ages 9 through 26 years for the prevention of genital warts caused by certain types of HPV.
In its third quarter, Merck reported Gardasil sales that edged up 2% $316 million.
Elaborating on the FDA Advisory Committee’s support for Gardasil, Merck said the efficacy of the vaccine against HPV-related anal disease was studied in a group of homosexual men, susceptible to high risk of anal infection and other disease.
Merck said it submitted the sBLA for use of Gardasil in “both men and women” since anal cancer affects both genders. According to the company, up to 90% of anal cancers are caused by HPV, with HPV 16 and 18 casuing 80% of them.
Presently, Gardasil is approved in 121 countries, and additional applications are under review with regulatory agencies in many more countries around the world.
MRK is trading at $34.59, up $0.49 or 1.44%, on the NYSE.
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Lipinski Testifies Before Joint House-Senate Committee on Need to Strengthen American Manufacturing (July 12, 2011)
“While some believe America can no longer compete in manufacturing, I say robust job creation can and must come from manufacturing – from what we think of as traditional manufacturing, such as Northstar Aerospace in Bedford Park, Illinois that makes parts for the Apache helicopter, to Advanced Diamond Technologies in Romeoville, Illinois that makes coatings for artificial heart valves,” Congressman Lipinski said in his testimony. “Manufacturing in all its forms is critical for America’s economic future and for our national defense.
But many manufacturers say that they are having a difficult time finding skilled workers to fill positions. To address this, Congressman Lipinski called for a two-pronged approach: one that is focused on improving our K-12 education system so that students have the necessary basic skills for the jobs of today and tomorrow, and the other focused on post-secondary training and retraining to improve the skill sets of workers.
In addition to these initiatives, in his testimony Congressman Lipinski also discussed how a national manufacturing strategy could help strengthen America’s manufacturing sector and put more Americans to work. Lipinski’s National Manufacturing Strategy Act, H.R. 1366, which passed the House last year with strong bi-partisan support, would require implementation of such a strategy in the United States.
“If we do not make a concerted effort to produce the workforce needed by manufacturers then it will mean nothing less than giving up on much of the middle class, throwing in the towel on “Made in the USA”, and accepting that everything we buy – even equipment needed for national security – will be made somewhere else,” Congressman Lipinski said. “We cannot allow this to happen.”
Click here to read Congressman Lipinski’s full testimony before the Joint Economic Committee.
(July 12, 2011)
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Andover, MA – Today’s top professionals and recent graduates expect their careers to provide more than just an income, a survey released by Philips North America found. The Philips Work/Life Survey examined key factors of Americans’ job happiness, with a particular focus on their ability to bring personal interests to their workplace career as a way to create more job satisfaction, achieve greater shared success with their employers, and improve overall well-being.
For baby boomers, work was about the stable paycheck and vertical climb up the corporate ladder. Generations X and Y are redefining the workforce attitude, and instead want to do and achieve what personally matters to them in an environment where respect and entrepreneurial behavior is encouraged. Accordingly, even in the face of a turbulent economy and competitive job market, 68 percent of working Americans would be willing to take a salary cut to work in a job that better allowed them to apply their personal interests to the workplace. Further, almost one quarter of workers (23 percent) would take a pay cut of 25 percent or more.
Companies also face a new challenge of a diminishing labor market of fewer qualified professionals with the skills needed to drive sustainable growth for multi-national, innovation-driven organizations. In fact, projections show that by 2021, there will be a technology talent deficit relative to talent supply growth versus talent demand growth in the U.S. and Canada of -.8 percent and -.9 percent respectively1. Coupled with an aging baby boomer workforce that will be replaced by a generation of workers that have vastly different career values relative to the role of work in one’s life, companies must adjust and focus organizational change efforts on bridging any human capital gaps.
“Philips recognizes that to be successful, we must fully understand and adjust to the wants and motivators of all generations, especially younger ones; and as the survey found, 96 percent of Americans, regardless of their career stage, believe that applying personal interests in a career would make them happier,” said Dana Stocks, Chief Human Resources Officer. “We believe that by recognizing our employees as real people with real passions, we help them do better work that leads to more meaningful innovation for others. Ultimately, we want to provide our employees with more than a job; we want them to have a meaningful career where they can create a legacy in life through their work, and be deeply engaged while doing it.”
Forty-eight percent of workers who are able to leverage personal interests in the workplace state they are very satisfied, signaling this may be a key factor to work happiness. Comparatively, only seven percent of those who are not able to do so state they are very satisfied.
Forty-one percent of those who don’t apply personal interests through their work regret their career path, whereas only 23 percent of workers who are able to do so regret their path. However, more than half (51 percent) of Americans have never changed career paths to integrate their work and personal life in a more meaningful way. Interestingly, men (47 percent) are much more likely than women (30 percent) to be able to pursue personal passions through their work all or most of the time.
The survey found that empowering workers to be real people instead of just on-the-job employees can also drive career advancement. When asked to grade themselves on their progress in achieving major career goals, those who were able to leverage their personal passions through their work were much more likely to grade themselves with an A or a B (62%) than those who weren’t (21%).
Additionally, when workers feel that they are able to comfortably explore their personal interests in the office, they find themselves more excited about their professional lives. Almost half (47 percent) of Americans state they are motivated to go to their current job by “living their passions, which are reflected in their work.” Despite the value Americans find in living their passions in their work, most (61 percent) are only able to do so some of the time or not at all, suggesting an opportunity for businesses willing to engage their employees’ interests as a means to improve productivity and company results.
Philips is actively recruiting across diverse disciplines such as engineering, solutions selling, quality and regulatory, and marketing. Those looking for a more meaningful career path can learn more at www.philips.com/na/careers or @PhilipsJobsNA.
1 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Q4 2012 & Global Talent 2021 Report by Oxford Economics, 2012
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3 Answers | Add Yours
Jerome David Salinger grew up in New York in an upper class family of means. He was sent to a private preparatory school which he failed out of and then attended a military academy. Other evidence of the author found in the book comes in the form of Holden's isolation from society. Salinger is a recluse.
Salinger is reportedly locked away in some bunker still writing novels that no one is allowed to read. It is suggested in literary gossip circles that there is a treasure of Salinger's work stored up somewhere that will be released after his death.
In The Catcher in the Rye, the author is present in both the character of Holden and the older brother D.B who is a writer. It is not hard to imagine that the next step for Holden, after he gets out of the mental institution is a military school.
While J.D. Salinger has always been closed about his life, we do know that he was also kicked out of several prepatory schools like Holden in the novel. He also had a sister, although she was older, who could have been reflected in the character of Phoebe.
I Think That he went through some Tough Times and he decided to make a novel about some of the things he went through maybe he was the person that got beat up by a guy named Maurice and maybe he was a virgin and he wanted to get laid !
We’ve answered 319,175 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question
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How do you get a ball joint back in your knuckle? (video)
How do you put a ball joint in a hub? (video)
How do you remove a ball joint from a knuckle without pressing it? (video)
Should you put anti seize on ball joints?
Another thought, the ball joint stud and the spindle were made on different machines in different eras. Since the parts are not lapped together for fit, there are surface irregularities. Anti-seize will fill the voids and prevent galvanic corrosion and that has to be a slight aid. I say use it. via
How do you fix a steering knuckle? (video)
How do you put a ball joint on a rubber boot? (video)
Can you hammer a ball joint in? (video)
How do you make a ball joint press? (video)
Should you use anti seize on tie rod ends?
If the parts have clamps or cotter pins (like the tie rod ends) I'd definitely use anti-seize. Will make future work a lot easier if things aren't rusted together. Most of us don't drive these cars in the slop and salt anymore so there is no need to use anti-sieze on the tie rod ends. via
How do you put on a steering knuckle? (video)
How much does a knuckle replacement cost?
The average cost for steering knuckle replacement is between $664 and $707. Labor costs are estimated between $167 and $211 while parts are priced at $496. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in your specific vehicle or unique location. via
How difficult is it to replace a ball joint?
Ball joint replacement is not straightforward, as they can be very tricky to access and install – especially with age and rust. On some cars, the ball joint is integrated into the control arm. If you're not familiar with the suspension and wheel assembly, it's best to visit a garage for a professional check. via
Is a control arm the same as a ball joint?
A control arm connects the wheel hub and steering knuckle to the frame of the vehicle. They are typically equipped with bushings on the frame side of the vehicle and a ball joint on the wheel side of the vehicle that allow flex and controlled movement according to road conditions and steering input from the driver. via
What is a control arm with ball joint?
At the steering knuckle end, the control arm connects via ball joint to allow smooth wheel movement in all directions. The ball joint allows the steering knuckle to pivot and gives the wheels the ability to turn while the vehicle is in motion. via
How do you press a ball joint out of a spindle? (video)
Can I use a hammer to remove ball joint?
Hands down the fastest way to remove and replace suspension ball joints. No press or "C" clamp needed for R&R, all you need is your trusty air hammer. via
Can I use a hammer to remove ball joint? (video)
What is the taper on a ball joint?
High Speed Steel Ball Joint Taper Reamers are for use in enlarging or deburring tapered holes. They are commonly used in ball joint studs and tie-rod ends. Ball Joint Taper Reamers can also be used in a 1/2" chuck by simply removing the T-handle. via
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Johnson City, Texas
- Bird Barriers & Repellents & Controls search results
Bird Barriers, Repellents, and Controls FAQs
If you are experiencing some trouble with birds near your home or business, you may be wondering what your options are when it comes to bird barriers, repellents, and controls. The following frequently asked questions may help you get started.
Why should I worry about controlling birds around my business or home? Depending on where the birds are gathering and the type of business or home you own, birds can create any number of the following problems. First, there's the issue of corrosive droppings. If birds create a residence near or on your building, bird droppings will build up, and quickly turn to corrosive salt and ammonia. Additionally, birds can interfere with operation of your business. This isn't just a concern for airports any longer, either. They can become entangled in other machinery, block ductwork, and damage roofing and utility lines. The issue of disease and sanitation is another thing to consider.
What products are available? The type of product you purchase may depend upon the problematic species and the number of birds you are dealing with. That said, there are visual decoys, bird spikes and netting, electronic noise deterrents, and even gels that can be applied as taste aversions.
What if I don't want to get rid of all the birds? Commonly, when dealing with residential issues, residents may desire to eliminate one or more types of birds, but find some birds to still be desirable. There are products on the market that can deter problem birds while still attracting song birds to your feeder.
People who live in urban areas know that birds like pigeons can be real pests because they build nests in architectural overhands and make a mess with their waste. There are bird barriers, repellents, and removal products that you can use to stop pigeons from nesting in your building, though, so you might want to contact a company that can either give you the removing and displacing services that you need or sell you the repellent and prevention equipment that you need to stop birds from ruining your area. Some of the most common preventions include spikes and nettings. These materials make it difficult for pigeons and ducks to enter certain areas comfortably. You can also use gels and electronic controls that will deter them from entering certain areas. While you might think that using an electric prevention device is a bit inhumane, the alternative is often eliminating the birds all together or putting up with these pests. When you contact a bird control company, you should ask them what repellent, deterrent, prevention, and removal techniques they use for pigeon, duck, and goose problems. Ask them how long they have been in the industry so you will know how much experience they have controlling birds. Ask them to give you proof that their techniques and products will eliminate the problems but will not actually cause harm to them. If they have the services that you are interested in, then ask them to give you price quotes so you can compare them easily.
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Astronomy has always been a great interest of mine as far back as early childhood, when I can recall lying under the stars on warm South Georgia nights as young kid, trying to fathom their great distances. At age ten, I was treated to the March 1970 solar eclipse, and since the path of totality was only a few miles from my hometown, I recall watching in awe as the street lights came on and almost total darkness filled the sky – I was completely hooked on all things astronomical. I spent many nights trying to memorize various constellations and many days bugging my teachers about which planets might be visible during a given night.
As a late teen, while “cruising” with a close friend one Friday night, I was treated to a fireball that dropped quite slowly directly on the horizon in front of us, spewing sparkly fragments and lasting two or three seconds. I was inspired enough to learn about the various showers, and from that year forward always made attempts to catch the Perseid meteor shower each August, though inclement skies seemed to prevail as often as not, and I generally didn’t know for many years that the radiant wasn’t up until late evening.
Still, I was treated to quite a few earth-grazers over those years and during clear nights the shower never disappointed, as say, Halley’s comet did – having bought a small telescope but finding the tiny ghost of an image nothing like the hyped predictions.
The great Perseid rates of the early nineties coincided with my college years, and having greater access to both popular and academic references to the return, I finally learned to stay up all night and was at last truly observing a meteor shower in all its glory. The ’93 return was cloudless and was the best meteor show I had yet to witness, topped off by an very bright fireball with a 1- 2 minute train, having an intense electric neon-blue color the likes if which I have yet to see repeated despite the several thousand meteors I have observed since.
With the advent of the internet and the approaching return of the Leonid peak years, I jostled my way into the meteor observing community and through constant questioning on the Meteorobs mailing list, and the weekly NAMN internet chats, developed and began honing my observing skills. In 1999, I went out and observed every possible night in a diligent attempt to be a good observer and hopefully use those skills for any possible Leonid “storm” I might have the great fortune to catch. My diligence did finally pay off in ’97, ’98, and, of course, especially in 2001 and 2002.
My offer to work as a volunteer for the AMS was taken up by Bob Lunsford and in 2003 I became the AMS Visual Program Coordinator, and while I was not able to get out and observe on the schedule I had set for myself a few years earlier, I still managed to be a year-round observer and my passion for all things meteoric has never abated. I currently split my time living in both Atlanta and the small sleepy hamlet of Swainsboro, Ga, and given work and health considerations, I must extend a warm, gracious thanks to Bob for stepping in and pulling up my slack this past year and I fully hope to resume year-round observing in 2009.
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PL/SQL stands for "Procedural Language extensions to the Structured Query Language."
SQL is for both querying and updating relational databases.
PL/SQL is tight integration with SQL.
PL/SQL, the Oracle procedural extension of SQL, is a portable, high-performance transaction-processing language.
With PL/SQL, you can use all SQL data manipulation, cursor control, and transaction control statements, and all SQL functions, operators, and pseudocolumns.
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In developing Seroxat, GSK has always been strongly conscious of the duty it owes to the millions of patients who suffer from depression and refutes any allegation that it has failed in this duty.
GSK utterly rejects any suggestion that it has improperly withheld drug trial information.
Depression is a severe and disabling condition and a well-recognised tragic outcome of the disease, particularly among young people, is suicide.
Careful monitoring of all patients is essential, regardless of whether they are taking medication or not.
GSK conducted nine studies over eight years to examine the use of Seroxat in treating children, those under the age of 18, with depression and other psychiatric disorders as treatment options for these vulnerable patients are extremely limited.
Results from these studies were documented and submitted to regulators in accordance with regulatory requirements.
No suicides were reported in any of the nine paediatric trials conducted by GSK and when reviewed individually none of these trials were considered by GSK or independent investigators to show a clinically meaningful increase in the rate of suicidal thinking or attempted suicide.
Only when all the data became available, at the end of the research programme, and were analysed together was an increased rate of suicidal thinking or attempted suicide revealed in those paediatric patients taking Seroxat.
GSK brought this analysis to the attention of the regulatory authorities, including in the UK.
Seroxat has never been approved by EU or US regulators as a medicine for those under 18 years of age and GSK's UK product labelling has been entirely consistent with that position stating: "The use of Seroxat in children is not recommended, as safety and efficacy have not been established in this population."
Disclosure of paediatric clinical trial results
From 1994 to 2002, nine paediatric trials were conducted in depression, obsessive compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder, involving over 1,000 patients treated with Seroxat.
The study results from the individual trials were provided to regulatory agencies worldwide in accordance with regulatory requirements. Upon completion of the individual studies, safety and efficacy data were also communicated publicly in a variety of formats such as peer-reviewed journals, and poster presentations at scientific meetings, as is common practice in the disclosure of data.
Study 329 was complete in late 1998 and was first submitted for journal publication in mid 1999. Full results of the trial were published in The Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in 2001. The study was also presented at several scientific meetings between 1998 to 2000.
Study 377 was also completed in late 1998. It was presented at the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry meeting in 1999 and was referenced in a number of psychiatry journals from 2000. However, opportunities to publish these data in a scientific journal were limited as the study failed to establish efficacy for Seroxat.
Study 701 was completed in 2001. The data were presented as part of a combine publication at the scientific meeting NCDEU (New Clinical Drug Evaluation Unit) in 2002 and referenced in The Psychopharmacology Bulletin in 2003.
Analysis of data from paediatric clinical trial results
No suicides were reported in any of the nine paediatric trials conducted by GSK and none of these trials when reviewed individually by GSK or independent investigator showed a clinically meaningful increase in the rate of suicidal thinking or attempted suicide.
In the case of study 329 although a numerical difference in adverse events was observed by the company and the study's investigators, for patients taking Seroxat compared to placebo, these findings were not, by themselves, considered clinically meaningful due to the limited number of patients involved and the fact that suicidal thinking and behaviour is a recognised symptom of the underlying disease.
Of the adverse events reported in this blinded study (where the patient, investigator and company do not know whether the patient received Seroxat or a dummy pill) only one - headache - was attributed by the independent investors to Seroxat. This opinion was published in the Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry in July 2001.
The subsequent paediatric studies - 377 and 710 - also were not considered to show any increased rate of suicidal thinking or attempted suicide.
Only when all the data became available at the end of the research programme and were analysed together was an increased rate revealed in those paediatric patients taking Seroxat. GSK brought this analysis to the attention of the regulatory authorities, including in the UK.
Your reference to "the possibility of obtaining a safety statement was considered but rejected" needs clarification. This showed that GSK had an honest belief that these preliminary data on safety were reassuring as the company was considering whether to submit new (more positive) safety wording for inclusion in the product's label to regulators for approval. However, it was recognised that any submission could only be made in the context of efficacy as well as safety. Given the failure of Study 377 to demonstrate efficacy, it was rightly concluded that a submission for new wording on safety should not be made.
Promotion of Seroxat for treatment of paediatric depression
Seroxat has never been approved by EU or US regulators as a medicine for those under 18 years of age. Any decision to prescribe a medicine outside its authorised indications, in the EU or the US, is made by a doctor on the basis of his/her clinical judgement and the interests of their patient.
GSK does not promote its medicines for indications for which they are not approved and the company strongly refutes any suggestion that Seroxat was promoted to UK doctors for use outside the terms of the UK marketing authorisation, whether through clinical experts (KOLs) or any other route.
Internal documents prepared by GSK's US subsidiary were specific to that subsidiary and were not distributed to the company's UK subsidiary or market.
A memo sent to the company's US sales force was produced to inform the sales force of the publication of study 329 in the Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. As is clearly stated in the memo, this information was not to be used with, or distributed to, physicians, consistent with GSK's global policy prohibiting off-label promotion. This memo was never issued or used by sales representatives outside of the United States, and would not have been seen in the UK.
The company did periodically receive direct unsolicited requests from doctors for medical information about use of Seroxat to treat children and adolescents with depression. As is standard practice, a 'medical information letter', was sent to the individual doctor. This letter identified published literature and clearly stated that Seroxat was not authorised for use in depression in patients under 18 years of age.
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Spain Misses 2015 Deficit Goal Adding to Pressure for Cutsby and
Shortfall reached 5.2% compared with 4.2% target set the EU
Rajoy missed deficit goals every year since taking office
Spain missed its budget-deficit goal for 2015 as Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy tried to rally support ahead of December’s election, marking the eighth consecutive year the nation has overshot its fiscal target.
The shortfall last year was 5.2 percent of gross domestic product, the second-biggest deficit in Europe, Budget Minister Cristobal Montoro said Thursday at a press conference in Madrid. Spain missed its target of 4.2 percent due to greater-than-expected spending by regions and the social security system which couldn’t be fully offset by additional efforts from the central government and the city halls, he said.
“Someone hasn’t done what they were supposed to do,” Montoro said.
Spain has been under the commission’s excessive-deficit procedure since 2009, after the nation’s public finances came under intense pressure at the start of the euro crisis. Although Rajoy has almost halved the budget gap since arriving in office in December 2011, he has persistently missed his target even as the recovery gained momentum.
“This is flagrant proof of the failure of the current government to comply with its key mission of keeping the accounts under control,” said Javier Diaz Gimenez, a Madrid-based economics professor at IESE Business School. “It puts Spain in very difficult situation in terms of its credibility with its European partners and the markets.”
The nation’s commitment to meeting its fiscal goals has been questioned by the commission, which forecast a shortfall of 4.8 percent in February, even as officials in Madrid vowed to comply. European Economic Affairs Commissioner Pierre Moscovici warned that Spain would have to address the gap and some additional measures may be needed. The Rajoy administration has repeatedly rejected further austerity.
The miss contrasts with caretaker prime minister’s pledge to honor Spain’s fiscal commitments in the run-up to December’s general election, even as his government introduced a series of tax cuts coinciding with the campaign. After the ballot, which stripped Rajoy of his overall majority, he said the deficit would come in at approximately 4.5 percent, while Acting Economy Minister Luis de Guindos said more focus should be put on growth.
For 2016, the EU’s executive sees Spain breaching its target again, with a deficit of 3.6 percent instead of the agreed 2.8 percent.
The latest health check on the Spanish economy comes as lawmakers in Madrid struggle to form a working government following a fragmented election result. While Rajoy has persistently called for a grand-coalition, his Socialist rival Pedro Sanchez is looking to form an alternative government to oust him. If no government can be formed by May 2, new elections would have to be called with a new ballot taking place June 26.
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On July 3, 1988, an Airbus A300-B2 plane belonging to Iran’s flag carrier Iran Air had just taken off from the southern Iranian coastal city of Bandar Abbas at 10:17 a.m. local time with 274 passengers and 16 crew members on board.
It was climbing inside an internationally recognized route to Dubai when the US cruiser, the USS Vincennes, fired two SM-2MR surface-to-air missiles at it, one of which hit the plane and killed all the people on board.
US officials claimed their warship had mistaken the airliner for a supersonic and variable-sweep wing Grumman F-14 Tomcat fighter jet.
The allegation was made even as the warship was equipped with highly sophisticated radar systems and electronic battle gear, and the passenger plane was transmitting Mode III 6760 squawk code, typical of a civilian aircraft, and maintained radio contact in English with appropriate air traffic control facilities.
The USS Vincennes had entered Iranian territorial waters after one of its helicopters drew warning fire from Iranian speedboats operating within Iranian territorial limits, Press TV reported.
Washington later paid some 95 million dollars in compensation for the Iranian victims and the aircraft.
The money, however, failed to placate the anti-US sentiments in Iran, where people expected the USS Vincennes’ captain, William Rogers, to be held responsible for his criminal act.
Rogers was instead awarded the prestigious medal of Legion of Merit for his so-called outstanding service.
Mahdi, the son of Ali Asghar Akrami, was seven years old when his father was killed in the shoot-down. Here’s Javan’s report on his painful story about the incident:
“At that time, I was nearly seven years old. I was sleeping at home at noon. Some of our friends and relatives had been informed of the incident, but my family didn’t know about it yet. Suddenly, some of our relatives came to our home and said a US navy had hit a Dubai-bound airplane with a missile, and the plane had crashed. I couldn’t believe it for a long time that I had lost my father,” Mahdi said.
“I always asked the question from myself that why Americans should kill so many people by shooting the airplane down. Later, I found out that the culprits behind the incident had even received medals of honour! I would never forget the pictures of the medals given to them. They were awarded with medal of merit for killing 290 innocent people. It was very difficult for me to accept such a thing, even more difficult than knowing about my father’s martyrdom.”
“More bitter than my father’s death was the medal of merit given to his murderer,” he noted.
Tasnim also quoted the memories of Colonel Mansour Qassemi, a member of the first team dispatched to the crash scene, which was a diving team of Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC).
“Each year on July 3, I’m hurt by remembering the memories of 1988, and the effects of the disaster still linger in my mind after so many years,” Qassemi said, as translated by IFP.
“On July 3, 1988, we were on a diving mission in southeast of Lark Island in Persian Gulf when the IRGC Navy of Region 1 announced that a passenger plane had been hit by a US navy’s missile in southeast of Hengam Island.”
“We arrived at the crash scene almost in 35 minutes. We didn’t have GPS system, so we couldn’t locate the exact crash site. Since the plane had exploded in the air, the debris was spread all over the Gulf. We couldn’t see any of the parts.”
“After about 30 to 40 minutes of confusion, some light pieces and the souvenirs of passengers started to float. I saw a black chador and we moved towards it, but I couldn’t find the owner. Since diving operation was not possible at the moment, we stayed there until other units and boats arrived.”
“In the afternoon, we started diving operation in a depth of 35m. One day later, some of the bodies came to the surface, and from that time on, we found 200 bodies. Unfortunately, some of the bodies were not discovered due to the severe explosion in the air and the plane’s crash in a broad area,” Colonel Qassemi said.
Every year, Iranians throw stalks of flowers in the Persian Gulf to mark the anniversary and pay tribute to the victims of the terrible human tragedy, which retains the record for highest death toll of any aviation incident in the body of water.
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Kenosha and Racine sit at the heart of one of the busiest economic corridors in the United States. Both communities are primary participants in the production of goods and services in the region. Despite lower unemployment rates in recent years as well as new employers moving into the region, challenges in the labor market remain. In particular, women earn less than men overall. The data show differences along broad categories in employment and labor force participation. These data serve as a starting point about women’s participation in the workforce across different sectors as well as the need for equitable compensation between men and women.
- Women in Kenosha and Racine counties had similar but slightly lower labor force participation (LFP) rates than Wisconsin women.
- Hispanic women in Kenosha and Racine had slightly higher LFP rates than Hispanic women in the state, +3.6% points in Kenosha, and +1.3% points in Racine.
- The LFP rate for black women in Racine was substantially lower (-5.8% points) than black women in Wisconsin.
- With the exception of the black population, men have higher LFP rates than women.
- Hispanic women in Kenosha recorded the largest gender disparity in LFP rates; Hispanic women had a LFP rate 12.1% points lower than Hispanic men.
- Black women in the state (+6.4% points) and in Racine (+6.1% points) recorded LFP rate higher than men.
*Labor force participation rate = (unemployed + employed) / (civilian noninstitutional population, age ≥16)
- With the exception of Hispanic women, employment rates were lower for women in the counties than more generally in the state of Wisconsin. This is especially true for black women, where compared to Wisconsin, the female employment rate was 5.7% points lower in Kenosha, and 3.3% points lower in Racine.
- In contrast, Hispanic women in the counties had slightly higher employment rates than the state, +0.6% points in Kenosha, and +2.8% points in Racine.
- With the exception of black in Wisconsin and in Racine County, women had lower employment rates than men.
- This was especially true for Hispanic women in Kenosha, who registered an employment rate that was 11.3% points lower than Hispanic men.
- As we saw with the labor force participation rate, the gender gap among blacks in Wisconsin and Racine proved to be an exception. In Wisconsin, the employment rate for black women was 10% points higher than black men.
* Employment rate = (employed) / (civilian noninstitutional population, age ≥16)
- Within each race/ethnicity group, rates of unemployment among Kenosha women were higher than observed statewide, with Hispanic and black women in Kenosha recording unemployment rates 4.0% points and 7.2% points higher than respective rates in the state.
- In contrast, Hispanic and black women in Racine registered lower levels of unemployment than their counterparts statewide, -2.5% points and -3.1% points, respectively.
- In Kenosha, women experienced practically the same rate of unemployment as men overall. However, black women in Kenosha had an unemployment rate 2.6% points higher than black men in the county. This is in stark contrast with black women at the state level who had an unemployment rate 3.1% points lower than black men statewide.
- In Racine, women recorded lower unemployment rates than men across all groups, with black women registering an unemployment rate that was 8.7% points lower than black men in Racine.
* Unemployment rate = (unemployed) / (unemployed + employed)
- A salient feature of the U.S. labor market is the separation of men and women into occupations dominated by one or the other gender. Tracking occupational segregation is important for a number of reasons, but it is particularly critical in understanding the gender earnings gap.
- The dissimilarity index (DI)[i] is a way of measuring how much gender segregation there is among the 25 occupations reported in the American Community Survey. DI ranges from 100, perfect segregation into strictly “women’s jobs” and “men’s jobs”, to 0, or perfect occupational integration where each occupation contains the same percentage female as the overall workforce.
- As the table shows, in 2017 there was more occupational segregation in Wisconsin and the two counties than observed in the U.S.
- The DI=39.7 for the entire U.S. means that nearly 40% of women employed in the U.S. would have to change jobs in order to attain perfect occupational integration.
- The State of Wisconsin and Racine County had similar levels of occupational segregation (42.9 and 43.0), where about 43% of women would have to change jobs to achieve perfect integration. Kenosha exhibited the highest level of segregation, requiring nearly 44% of women to change jobs to attain integration.
[i] DI= where fi (mi) is the number of females (males) in the ith occupation, and F (M) is the total number of females (males) employed in the geographic area.
2013-2017 ACS 5-year Estimates Table S2402
The dissimilarity index (DI)[i] is a way of measuring how much gender segregation there is among the 25 occupations reported in the American Community Survey.
- The figures reported in these charts reflect the percentage of all women (men) in each geographic area employed in a broad occupational category. For example, 45.5% (34.8%) of all women (men) in Wisconsin were employed in “management, professional, and related occupations”.[i]
- In all race/ethnicity groups, the percentage of women in management, professional, and related occupations (MPR) is larger than the percentage of men in those occupations.
- While the percentages were smaller for both genders, the gender disparity is strongest among Hispanic and black women. For example, in Racine about 20% of black women and less than 10% of black men held MPR jobs.
- There is a much larger percentage of white women in the MPR jobs than among Hispanic and black women.
- For example, in Racine about 39% of white women had MPR occupations, but only 20% of Racine Hispanic women had MPR jobs.
[i] The three broad occupational categories have the following definitions:
- Management, Professional, and Related includes: management; business and financial operations; computer and mathematical; architecture and engineering; life, physical, and social science; community and social services; legal; education, training, and library; arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations.
- Sales and Office includes: sales and related; office and administrative support occupations
- Service includes: healthcare support occupations; fire-fighting and prevention, and other protective service workers including supervisors; law enforcement workers including supervisors; food preparation and serving related; building and grounds cleaning and maintenance; personal care and service occupations.
The two excluded occupational categories are “natural resources, construction, and maintenance”, and “production, transportation, and material moving” which combined accounted for 10% of female workers in Wisconsin.
- With the exception of blacks in Racine, there is a significantly larger share of women in sales and office occupations than men. For example, in Racine 35% of White women but only 14% of white men were working in sales and office occupations.
- In Racine, however, the share of black women in sales and office jobs (17.9%) is only marginally higher than the share of black men in those occupations (15.6%).
There is a larger share of women in service occupations than men in all groups.
In Racine, 49% of black women but only 22.5% of black men had service jobs.
The share of both men and women in service occupations was larger among Hispanics and blacks than among whites.
In 2017, the overall earnings gender gap of 21% points in the State of Wisconsin was 1% point higher than the national earnings gender gap. The gap in both counties was slightly larger, 22% points in Kenosha and 23% points in Racine.
For all women, the reason for the larger gender gap in the counties was that men in the counties earned more than men statewide, while women in the counties earned about the same as women statewide.
The earnings gender gap among Hispanics in the state and in Racine were relatively small (10% points) but in Kenosha it was 27% points.
The reason for the large gender gap among Hispanics in Kenosha is that Hispanic women earned substantially less than Hispanic women statewide, while Hispanic men in Kenosha earned about the same as their counterparts statewide.
In Kenosha, black women achieved near earnings parity and recorded only a 4.3% point gender gap, while in Racine black women recorded a 22% point gap.
The reason for near-parity in Kenosha, however, was not because women’s earnings were relatively high, rather it was because the annual earnings of black men in Kenosha was about $2,000 less than their counterparts statewide.
In Racine, the story was reversed – black women earned nearly $4,000 less than their counterparts statewide, while the annual earnings of black men in Racine was the same as earnings of black men statewide.
2013-2017 ACS 5-year Estimates Tables B20017, B20017A, B20017I, and B20017B.
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With cremation being the most popular choice for all Australians, this page has been designed to educate and help you understand some of the history and science behind cremation. Here you will also find behind the scenes images, technical information and cremation education.
Cremation is not new, with historians proving the earliest cremation during caveman times.
Over centuries the process has been condemned and praised.
The earliest conception of cremation arose out of people’s regard for the “sacred flame” and their belief in its great purifying power.
Bodies were cremated to protect them from wild beasts, evil spirits, and mutilation by the enemy in war.
The funeral pyre, consisting merely of a heap of wood upon which a body was placed, was the accepted means of cremation in those days. As time passed, these pyres became increasingly elaborate and bigger, in recognition of the deceased person’s status and to ensure complete reduction of the body. They were built in the style of an altar, often with sweet-smelling gums added, and branches of cypress, the emblem of mourning. When all was ready, the uncoffined body was placed atop the pyre, and the chief mourner lit the pyre with a torch.
The sanitary aspect of cremation has been wisely stressed. While offering economy, it also inspires reverence, and beauty in the ensuing memorial.
In recent times, there has been movement towards cardboard and wicker coffins. From an environmental point of view this is not necessarily a good thing. Contradicting the green push, the timber coffin historically has formed part of the fuel for the cremation. A cardboard coffin will burn away within seconds and as false economy the equipment will require more fuel to maintain the optimum operating temperature. When cremating cardboard, the fly ash can potentially remain as ash and it will not be entirely burned and large amounts of paper ash residue may remain at the processing stage. Worse still the fly ash can potentially block air paths in the after chamber reducing performance of equipment. The quick ignition also creates danger for the operator as the cardboard is often on fire before the coffin is inserted into the cremation chamber.
Over the last few decades industry research, further cremation education and consumer studies have shown there is a genuine concern for the environment when it comes to the disposition of our dead, whether by cremationon or burial. The use of land for burial is a major influence for those that choose cremation over burial. Local authorities usually reject applications for crematoriums on emotional feelings of neighbours and not genuine scientific principals. Extensive testing in America confirms time and time again that modern equipment operates well within environmental guidelines.
As operators of cremation equipment we have a responsibility to our neighbours, authorities and the environment to be well informed and to operate our equipment in the most efficient and environmentally responsible way. This is why we share our cremation education information here.
One of the biggest concerns regarding cremation remains to be emissions. What exactly is coming out of that stack?
The modern cremation process incinerates and controls the products of combustion. Cremators are designed to provide efficient, safe and effective control of the products and emissions of the combustion process. Combustion is the act of burning and involves a chemical reaction in which oxygen is rapidly combined with fuel giving off heat. Oxygen combines with the carbon, hydrogen, sulphur and other components of the fuel changing them into different gases. The components of the fuel which are not burned are know as remains or ashes.
The gases produced during combustion are generally;
Carbon + Oxygen = carbon monoxide and or carbon dioxide = CO & CO2
Hydrogen + Oxygen = water (as vapour) = H2O (g)
Sulphur + Oxygen = sulphur dioxide = SO2
Gender and Weight
Believe it or not, gender plays a role, which is due particularly to the makeup of the human body. Obviously females have different parts than males and the physical frame of the skeleton is different too. Human remains in excess of 150kg should be handled carefully in cremation. The most important thing to remember is:
Part of our company cremation education program ensures that we never cremate large human remains in a hot cremation chamber. The cremation must always be scheduled first of the day.
Lean body weight and body fat in people varies with age and gender. On average, a 25 year old female has 52% more body fat than a 25 year old male.
A 65 year old female has more fat tissue than a 65 year old male. The 25 year old male and the 65 year old female are markedly different; the 65 year old female has 89% more body fat.
Ashes – Processed
Cremated remains or ashes are what is left after the cremation process and are made up of the skeletal remains. After the cremation has completed and after cooling, a magnet is run through the remains to remove all the metal components. Items such as the screws and nails from the coffin, the metal wire from flowers and any metal joints are all put to one side. All the metal that is removed is recycled via Ortho Metals, a global company which recycles this type of by-product world wide.
Public cremation education sessions.
Occasionally we’ll present a public information session to explain the process in further detail. If you are interested in learning more or seeing how things work simply contact us and we’ll make it happen.
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I've read articles from your website previously and recently reread excerpts from your Creativity Killers page. While reading the information I kept thinking about an experience I had in the classroom similar to one of the approaches you describe where the teacher does not demonstrate or show examples to students but rather familiarizes them with materials and techinques (I used the process to teach glass fusing to 4th graders).
I showed students how to cut, layer, and stack glass. Then they practiced the process with scrap window glass. I then gave them colored glass to make fused glass pendants.
Before they began we discussed skills they learned previously about combining colors for various reasons and affects.
The outcome of the project was a much more engaging and autonomous experience for students. Out of the approximately 300 pendants made by 70 students, no two were alike; they were very much driven by student's own contemplation and sense of design.
The only stipulation I put upon students was they had to make multiple pendants modifying a previous design or coming up with something new for each pendant. These are a few examples of the student's work.
Thank you for sharing your ideas about art education on the web. They reaffirm what I have observed occurs naturally for students when they understand how to think and act creatively.
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Remembering Keith Emerson
Today (Nov. 2) we remember keyboardist Keith Emerson would have been 73.
Bands like Iron Maiden and Dream Theater have cited Emerson, Lake & Palmer among their influences. Keith Emerson is widely regarded as one of the top keyboard players of the progressive rock era and one of the greatest, and most technically accomplished keyboardist’s in rock history. Emerson formed ELP out of London in 1970, along with singer/guitarist Greg Lake and drummer Carl Palmer. They were one of the most popular and commercially successful progressive rock bands of the 1970’s.
ELP’s sound was dominated by the sound of Emerson’s keyboard playing including the Hammond organ and Moog synthesizer. Following the breakup of ELP in 1979, Emerson had modest success with Emerson, Lake & Powell (with drummer Cozy Powell) in the 1980’s. Emerson, Lake & Palmer reunited in the early 1990’s and released an album called Black Moon in 1992. I recall seeing Emerson, Lake & Palmer in concert, playing to a full house at The Chance in Poughkeepsie in summer of 1998. It was a warm up show for the band's upcoming tour with Deep Purple and Dream Theater. An amazing show it was! The band broke up again after the summer 1998 tour and would once again reunite for a 40th anniversary concert in London in 2010. Sadly, Keith Emerson took his own life on March 11, 2016. Listen to the classic Emerson, Lake & Palmer track "Karn Evil 9-1st Impressions" below.
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Here’s today’s labor history:
On this date in 1913, seventy-two copper miners’ children died in a panic caused by a company stooge in Calumet, Michigan who shouted “fire” into a crowded hall where the children had gathered. They were crushed against closed doors when they tried to flee.
Today’s labor quote is by Confucious:
Choose a job you love, and you will never have to work a day in your life.
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This section is from the book "Applied Anatomy: The Construction Of The Human Body", by Gwilym G. Davis. Also available from Amazon: Applied anatomy: The construction of the human body.
The hip is that portion of the body joining the lower extremity to the trunk. It differs in construction from the shoulder, because it is designed for strength as well as mobility; hence it is that the bones are heavier, stronger, with their processes more marked, and that the muscles also are bigger and more powerful. It is often the seat of injury and disease, the bones being fractured, the joint luxated, and frequently affected with tuberculosis and other diseases.
The bones of the hip are the innominate bone and femur. The innominate bone has its shape determined by its relation to the trunk, being adapted to support and protect the viscera, while the femur has its shape determined by its relation to the extremity, being in the nature of a pole to support it.
The innominate bone (Figs. 500 and 501) is composed of the ilium, ischium, and pubis. These are united in the acetabulum by the triangular cartilage and become ossified about the sixteenth year. The ilium has a crest which serves for the attachment of the transverse abdominal muscles. At its anterior extremity is the anterior superior spine, and at its posterior extremity the posterior superior spine. Its large flat portion, called the a/a, gives origin from both its inner and outer sides to muscles running to the thigh below. The glutei muscles are attached to its outer surface and the iliacus to its inner. Immediately below the anterior superior spine is the anterior inferior spine; to it is attached the rectus femoris tendon. The ischium is below and behind the acetabulum; its tuberosity gives attachment to the hamstring muscles - biceps (outer), semitendinosus, and semimembranosus (inner). Along the inner surface of the ramus of the ischium, in a fibrous canal (Alcock's), run the internal pudic vessels and nerve on their way to the perineum. They lie 4 cm. (1 1/2 in.) from the surface. The pubis lies below and anterior to the acetabulum. Its upper inner edge forms the iliopectineal line, which is continued back to form the brim of the true pelvis. The superior or horizontal ramus goes to the ilium, while its inferior or descending ramus goes to the ischium. The upper surface of the superior ramus gives origin to the pectineus muscle; it is over this muscle that femoral hernia descends. The symphysis pubis is the junction of the two pubic bones in the median line. The crest is the upper anterior edge and gives attachment to the rectus and pyramidal muscles (for muscular attachments see Figs. 438 and 439, page 432). The outer extremity of the crest is the spine of the pubis. To it is attached the inner extremity of Poupart's ligament. The obturator foramen, if the body is in an upright position, is just below and a little anterior to the acetabulum; it is closed by a membrane which is incomplete above to give passage to the obturator vessels and nerve. The outer surface of the membrane gives origin to the obturator externus muscle and the inner surface to the obturator internus. This latter passes out of the pelvis through the lesser sacrosciatic notch just below the spine of the ischium. Through the greater sacro-sciatic notch, above the spine, comes the pyriformis muscle and great sciatic nerve. The acetabulum is located at the junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis, and lies a little to the outer side of the middle of Poupart's ligament, with the femoral artery passing nearer its inner than its outer edge. The obturator foramen is below and a little anterior to the acetabulum when the body is upright and more anterior when it is horizontal. The bottom of the acetabulum has a large fossa, to the upper portion of which is attached the ligamentum teres, while the lower portion contains a pad of fat. This fossa opens by a large notch, called the cotyloid notch, on the side toward the obturator foramen; therefore the bony socket is incomplete at this point.
Fig. 500. - The innominate bone, viewed from the outside.
Fig. 501. - The innominate bone, viewed from the inside.
Fig. 502. - Innominate bone, resting on its inner side, to show the wedge-shaped formation of its outer sur. face. The apex of the wedge is Nelaton's line, running from the anterior superior spine to the tuberosity of the ischium; the anterior plane inclines downward and forward toward the pubis and the posterior plane inclines downward and backward on the ilium.
Fig. 503. - Anterior view of the upper end of the femur with muscular attachments.
O. H. Allis has pointed out that a line passing from the anterior superior spine to the tuberosity, called the Roser-Nelaton line, forms the apex of a wedge, the ilium sloping down on one side while the ischium and pubes pass down the other. It divides the innominate bone into two parts, an anterior plane and a posterior plane (Fig. 502).
The femur has its neck coming off from the shaft at an upward angle of about 127 degrees (125 degrees to 130 degrees). The head and neck do not lie in the same transverse plane as the line joining the two condyles, but are inclined slightly forward (about 12 degrees). Therefore the neck passes upward, inward, and a little forward. As the result of deformities or disease, the inclination of the neck to the shaft may be reduced, being 90 degrees or less. This condition is known as coxa vara. It may be increased, constituting coxa valga. The articular surface of the head forms slightly more than a hemisphere and has a pit below and posterior to its centre for the attachment of the ligamentum teres. At the outer upper extremity of the neck where it joins the shaft is the greater trochanter. Its tip or most prominent point is toward its posterior surface and is just about opposite the centre of the hip-joint. Downward and inward from the greater trochanter, on the inner and posterior surface of the shaft, is the lesser trochanter. Between the trochanters anteriorly and posteriorly run the intertrochanteric lines. The great trochanter and the part immediately below and posterior gives attachment to the three glutei muscles, the short rotators (Fig. 504), the pyriformis, the obturators, internus with its two gemelli and externus, and the quadratus femoris. The lesser trochanter gives attachment anteriorly to the psoas and the iliacus and immediately below to the pectineus.
Fig. 504. - Posterior view of the upper end of the femur with muscular attachments.
The anterior intertrochanteric line marks the lower attachment of the capsule; the posterior has inserted into it the quadratus femoris muscle.
Fig. 505. - Muscles of the region of the hip.
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Parliament to be dissolved only after electoral reforms
April 19, 2015 05:51 pm
The Parliament will be dissolved only after the amendments to electoral reforms passed in the Parliament, sources close to the government said.
This had been discussed at a special all party conference which was held on Sunday (19) at the Presidential Secretariat with the participation of President Maithripala Sirisena and Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe.
According to the government 100-day pledge, it was scheduled to prepare election laws by 2 March, and pass the new system by 17 March.
Earlier, the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) also asserted that the opposition will comply with the new Government to pass the 19th Amendment, if constitutional changes take place for new electoral reforms. The SLFP prepared its proposals on electoral reforms as the 20th Amendment to the constitution and circulated among Party Leaders and to media last week.
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RF Cafe Software
About RF Cafe
1996 - 2016
BSEE - KB3UON
RF Cafe began life in 1996 as "RF Tools" in an AOL screen name web space totaling 2 MB. Its primary purpose was to provide me with ready access to commonly needed formulas and reference material while performing my work as an RF system and circuit design engineer. The Internet was still largely an unknown entity at the time and not much was available in the form of WYSIWYG ...
All trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other rights of ownership to images and text used on the RF Cafe website are hereby acknowledged.
My Hobby Website:
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August 1944 Radio-Craft[Table of Contents]
People old and young enjoy waxing nostalgic about and learning some of the history of early electronics. Radio-Craft was published from 1929 through 1953. All copyrights are hereby acknowledged. See all articles from Radio-Craft.
Yeah, you're right, almost nobody needs a chart of vacuum tube schematic symbols, but for the few nostalgic types who do, here is one from a 1944 edition of Radio-Craft magazine. As with schematic symbols for transistors, these renditions are representative of the general appearance you will find, but the exact manner in which tube symbols appear vary greatly. Perusing all the various electronics publications of the day will reveal many "standards."
Adherence to Fundamental Principles Prevents Costly Mistakes
By Carl E. Winter
Fig. 1 - Standard methods of showing internal elements in tubes, also a tube base diagram.
In reading or drawing radio schematic wiring diagrams, the tendency to ignore the drawn symbol and to rely upon the written designation to. explain the tube's function is very strongly manifested.
The reason for this is obvious. Many technicians and engineers lack the practice to fully interpret tube symbols and thus gain the greatest efficiency and speed in working with blueprints.
It is not always true that a tube symbol indicating a diode's function should be drawn as a diode. If the tube used is a 6Q7 and only the diode portion is used in the circuit application, the tube symbol must, none the less, be drawn representative of the 6Q7 tube.
If a tube possesses two plates for full wave rectification and only one is used as shown by the schematic, the other cannot merely be left out of the symbol, it must be shown so that the engineer or technician can tell at a glance what type of tube is actually used and can quickly estimate its operating characteristics and circuit requirements. The unconnected elements of the tube should be terminated at the circle indicating the tube's envelope.
By adhering to this method of direct representation, the possibility of errors getting by all concerned is greatly reduced.
Careful use of tube symbols will also simplify the drawing of the necessary correlated tube socket, tube base, and wiring diagrams.
If, for example, a 6X5 rectifier is drawn as a diode and marked 6X5, the reader of a schematic can usually identify the tube as possessing two plates. But if, by some error the legend "6X5" is not shown or is, accidentally written as "6Q7", the tube socket drawings, tube base diagrams and wiring diagrams may all be prepared for the 6Q7 tube's connections. Many headaches follow when eventually the error is discovered. If a tube symbol is drawn to represent a ,particular tube such confusion is reduced to a minimum.
Many tubes which have their elements internally connected are used in present day circuits. Similarly, only certain elements of other tubes are actually wired to circuit components. These are factors which must not be ignored in drawing schematics.
While it may not be essential to show unused elements and connections in a schematic they are definitely needed in wiring diagrams and tube socket drawings.
As in most things this principle of adhering too rigidly to graphical symbolism can be overdone, There are only a few basic types of tubes although the tubes of each type may run well into the hundreds. The basic types have generally recognized symbols to represent them and if these few are studied and known they will serve to reduce the major problems arising from tube symbolism in radio circuit diagrams.
The use of graphical tube symbols in actual wiring diagrams is not general practice. It is customary in this type of drawing to layout pictorially the tube socket with its pin -indicating numerals and draw the wires leading to them.
In this pictorial work the possibility of confusion is very small. Wiring diagrams are usually used in conjunction with schematics and tube socket drawings.
Tube socket drawings picture the tube base itself with call outs to indicate which prongs are "hot" and which are not used.
Fig. 2 - Symbols for the commonest types of tubes. Slight modifications are needed for others. The cathode-ray tube is also shown.
The type of illustration shown in most tube manuals is not a true graphical symbol of the sort used in radio schematics. Rather, it serves to portray the elements of the tube in a simplified pictorial fashion and to indicate which tube base pins are connected to each of the tube's elements.
Because of the diversity of types of drawings required on various blueprints to indicate a given tube, it follows that a graphical tube symbol is a cross between a pictorial portrayal of the tube and a symbolic semi-wiring diagram of the tube itself.
At present we are concerned only with representative drawings of tube elements as they appear on a graphical symbol within the glass or metal vacuum envelope of the tube itself.
This envelope is usually indicated by a circular or oval outline and the leads from each element are carried through this circle into the wiring of the schematic itself. It is not customary procedure to indicate on the schematic that the tube is either metal or glass.
Many engineers, in drawing rough circuits, or to illustrate a point during discussions, will leave the enveloping circle of the tube's case off entirely, but in drawing a schematic to be used for production or design it is best to encircle the tube elements to avoid confusion.
As any tube will contain at least two elements and even the most complex will be confined to grids, plates, cathodes and heaters in various quantities and positions, a primary requisite is the ability to identify each tube element as shown in the symbol.
The "heaters" are usually drawn with no direct connections to their cathode. Standard methods of showing heaters are given on this page. Cathodes used in conjunction with heaters, and directly heated cathodes are also shown (Fig. 1-a).
Plates (anodes) may be drawn in any one of several ways but the illustrations given here are customary methods of representation. The commonest of these are shown in Figs. 1-b and 1-c.
A gas tube is always drawn with a distinguishing dot or circle within the tube outline and pilot lights or neon bulbs are drawn in such manner that confusion is impossible.
When tube elements are connected within the tube the symbol is drawn as indicated in Fig. 1-d, but if elements are interconnected outside of the tube's envelope, even if the interconnections are in the pins, they must be drawn external to the tube symbol, as in Fig. 1-e.
Television tubes are in a class by themselves. An example of a symbol for a television tube is shown in Fig. 2. The elements of these tubes, while similar to those of receiving and transmitting tubes, serve different purposes. Consequently the drawing of graphical symbols for television tubes should be treated and studied as a separate subject.
In graphical tube symbolism, as in all schematic drawings of radio circuits, the important thing is to standardize. Standardization of all graphical symbols and of tube symbols in particular will repay the radio engineer, draftsman or technician a hundredfold in eliminated errors and in quicker, more ready interpretation of schematic drawings.
Posted August 15, 2014
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For 32 years AAUF has increased educational opportunities, increased access to social and human services, promoted cultural development, raised awareness about health and wellness issues, provide youth leadership training, stimulate voter education and increase awareness of criminal justice issues. Join us in our endeavors by volunteering, participating in our programs and donating now to our organization.
Wednesday, October 2, 2013
The Green Divide Voter Education Series: Preparing for the New Economy
For More Information contact: Aissia Richardson, 215-236-1878
Fall Voter Education Forum
The Green Divide Series: Preparing for the New Economy
Wednesday, October 23, 6:30 PM to 8:30PM
TWU 234, 500 N. 2nd St.
REAR Entrance on Noble & N. American St.
Philadelphia: On Wednesday, October 23, 6:30 PM to 8:30 PM at Transport Workers Union Local 234 Union Hall 500 N. 2nd Street (parking and entrance in rear on Noble Street & N. American Street) there will be a Voter Education Forum focusing on environmental justice entitled, The Green Divide Series: Preparing for the New Economy.
Rob Fleming, Architect, LEED® AP BD&C, Associate Professor and Director, MS in Sustainable Design Program, Philadelphia University will be the keynote speaker. The first 50 to register and attend will be entered into a raffle to receive a signed copy of Rob's new book, Design Education for a Sustainable Future.
The evening will also include an update on Greenworks 2013 from Katherine Gajewski, Director of Sustainability, City of Philadelphia.
Candidates will also be invited to introduce themselves in preparation for the November 5 Municipal General Election. Offices being contested are JUDGE OF THE SUPERIOR COURT - JUDGE OF THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS - JUDGE OF THE MUNICIPAL COURT - JUDGE OF THE TRAFFIC COURT - DISTRICT ATTORNEY – CONTROLLER
Giovanni Campbell, Judge of Court of Common Pleas; Timika Lane, Judge of Court of Common Pleas; Sierra Thomas Street, Judge of Court of Common Pleas; Alan Butkovitz, City Controller; Seth Williams, District Attorney (D); Danny Alvarez, District Attorney (R)
What is the green divide? What is Sustainability? What is Environmental Justice? Why is this topic important? Sustainability is a growing movement that's not just about recycling and compact florescent light bulbs; it is the future of design, development, agriculture, business, food, tourism, and living.
Yet, many organizations that work in low income, communities of color have not integrated sustainability into their programs, projects or policy advocacy. While many institutions are concerned about the eradication of the social safety net, a focus on sustainability is absent from broader discussions about the future of the communities many of us work in. The Green Divide is cultural, economics based and about who has access to what resources both financial and technical.
As organizations that provide our constituents with the tools they need to navigate through public and private services, jobs, education and housing, we must educate ourselves as we educate our consumers.
Several organizations work collectively to host annual forums focusing on issues and with candidates seeking elective office. They include African American United Fund, DNA Connect, Ethical Humanist Society of Philadelphia, Grands As Parents, Greater Philadelphia Caucus of the I.C.W.A.D., Institute for the Development of African American Youth, Men United for a Better Philadelphia, PhillyEcoCity, The Frator Heru Institute, Uptown Entertainment & Development Corporation, and X-Offenders for Community Empowerment.
Please join us on Wednesday, October 23 at 6:30 PM at TWU 234 500 N. 2nd Street, at Spring Garden (ENTRANCE IN REAR on Noble and N. American Street) to learn about sustainability, what the city is doing to promote sustainability, hear from candidates and get educated about the Municipal General Election on November 5. If you don’t vote, you don’t count.
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PLEASE NOTE: Your web browser does not have
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Also known as:
Abnormal growth of cells that form the glands in the lining of the colon or rectum; while benign, may become cancerous over time
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A service entails risk, loss, and also unpredictability. It requires a lot of digestive tracts and bold. Company started as a means of optimizing profit and chasing after cash. Today, organization has actually become a crucial establishment that serves social needs. Its standard purposes include the manufacturing and exchange of items and also solutions to meet human needs. Hence, there is always a risk entailed. However, business world is a lot more complex than just chasing money.
While some organizations are tiny operations in one market, others are significant, covering multiple markets. As an example, Apple and Walmart are both businesses. Companies are defined by what they create, offer, or buy, as well as are typically identified by sector. These markets additionally assist define what sort of organization they are. While some services are purely producing and marketing products, others operate in a service sector. Examples of this are oil firms, real estate, as well as mattress production. Despite market, all businesses have at the very least one point alike: they use product or services to consumers.
While a service might not need a physical area, it must be moneyed by profit-oriented activities. Companies include nonprofits, charitable organizations, government programs, and freelancers. Companies might not have a shop or site, such as a consultant. Companies frequently have many elements, consisting of a range of lawful structures. For example, a restricted obligation company is a business, yet there are various tax obligation guidelines for integrating a company in a specific state.
Businesses take on different types, and also there is a difference in between a sole trader, a partnership, as well as a firm. A sole owner, as its name suggests, has as well as runs business totally. The single owner is likewise in charge of all business’s financial debts. However, a single owner is revealed to unlimited obligation, as business can fall short. If you fail to pay your expenses in a timely manner, your financial institutions can take your personal possessions.
The function of the chief operating policeman is largely operational. This individual may defer to the basic manager if essential, but he is in charge of ensuring that the business runs efficiently. He or she manages numerous divisions as well as ensures that employees are fulfilling their tasks. A chief operating police officer commonly plans as well as performs the business’s operational needs. A chief financial officer, for example, manages the organization’s finances. An exec must have at the very least some expertise of the monetary globe before starting a company.
A central administration difficulty is determining what to do next. For long-lasting success, a company might intend to combine with one more business or take over one. Technology Mahindra, for example, recently took over Satyam Computers and also combined with it. Large business may also want to burglarize smaller entities. Consequently, it’s vital to continuously take a look at numerous strategies. The company method feature of a business is typically managed by the business method department.
Business are classified according to their legal framework. As an example, there are legal business, restricted firms, and incorporated associations. A business created with letters license is often a firm sole, yet there are likewise hybrid entities. Most of the times, one of the most usual sort of firm is a restricted company. However, there are also hybrid entities – a limited firm without a share funding and an unlimited business with or without a share funding. If a company is not restricted by a share resources, it is called a statutory firm.
Additionally, company includes risks. These threats consist of uncertainty as well as threat. The uncertainty of returns, government plans, and also the economic situation are all elements that can impact a business. Thus, service has a high degree of threat. Regardless of these threats, the advantages of company much exceed its downsides. So, a company owner ought to understand that the risks of a service are really genuine which there is no way to predict them ahead of time.
Along with staying clear of financial threat, a company owner must likewise understand the tax obligation needs of his or her territory. There are various means to structure an organization, and also understanding exactly how tax laws influence different service entities is important. In addition to ensuring tax obligation conformity, an entrepreneur must also recognize exactly how to submit income tax returns. A sound structure will certainly make certain that the business will remain on track and also not come across hiccups along the way. As soon as a service is established and also operates smoothly, the threats will be decreased.
E-commerce firms are making use of brand-new innovations to create a global service that reaches even more people. These innovations are transforming the globe of business. In the last few years, we have actually observed the rise of e-business. From easy internet sites like Uber, to large business like Amazon, the Net has changed the method we operate. Whether it’s food delivery or shopping, the digital globe is providing us with new devices that make it much easier to do our tasks.
Along with shopping websites, businesses have ended up being increasingly complicated. For example, a single proprietorship brings a big liability for all overhead. The single proprietor of an organization is likewise personally accountable for all debts as well as liabilities. This sort of service is not scalable for lots of people. Nevertheless, if your skills are strong sufficient, a sole proprietorship can be an outstanding option. Yet it does have its disadvantages.
An organization is a task that involves the production as well as sale of items as well as services. These goods may be either durable goods or industrial items. Consumer goods are items intended for straight or indirect consumption. In contrast, industrial products are produced for production functions and also are called manufacturer’s goods. Various kinds of services consist of a wide range of services, consisting of power, water, money, advertising and marketing, storehouse, and also transportation. These activities are regulated by federal government policies as well as should fulfill strict top quality requirements. Informative post
A company can take lots of types, including a sole proprietorship, collaboration, or firm. There are several sorts of company, each with their own advantages as well as downsides. As a whole, a company seeks to make profit by giving products and services to people for settlement. While an organization can be rewarding without creating a profit, it is still thought about a service if the primary objective is revenue generation. If business is not creating profit, it can be in the form of stock, safeties, or barter professions.
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The abduction of an Iranian attaché in Pakistan can be interpreted as the onset of war between Iran and al-Qaeda, says a senior militant.
“This is payback time for Iran and for its active involvement in destabilizing the Taliban government in Afghanistan and for facilitating the US-led invasion on Afghanistan through pro-Iranian Afghan groups,” Italy’s Adnkronos International news agency quoted a senior militant as saying on condition of anonymity.
“[The diplomat was kidnapped in retaliation for] the arrest of top al-Qaeda leaders in Iran, for facilitating the US invasion on Iraq through pro-Iran militias and last but not the least for waging the war on the Taliban,” claimed the militant.
(ARTICLE CONTINUES BELOW)
The news agency did not reveal whether the questioned militant had ties with al-Qaeda.
- A d v e r t i s e m e n t
Unknown gunmen kidnapped Iranian diplomat Heshmatullah Attarzadeh-Niyaki on his way to the Iranian consulate on Thursday in the northwestern Pakistani city of Peshawar. His driver was killed during the attack.
Pakistani police have so far arrested five suspects in connection with the case, but the whereabouts of Attarsadeh-Niyaki is still unknown.
A senior Pakistani political advisor, Rehman Malik, said Friday that the unidentified gunmen belonged to the notorious Taliban umbrella group, Tehrik-e-Taliban, although no group has yet claimed responsibility.
The anonymous militant claimed that al-Qaeda will carry out ‘more attacks and actions… against Iranian interests in coming days’.
The Islamic Republic was a leading opponent of the Taliban when the radical regime ruled Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001. The two neighbors came close to war in 1998 after the Taliban killed nine Iranian diplomats in the central Afghan city of Mazar-i-Sharif.
While US officials continue to accuse Iran of arming militants in Afghanistan and destabilizing Iraq, an October report by the MIT Center for International Studies confirmed that Tehran made major contributions to the war against the Taliban following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
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The campus has committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 for scope 1 (on site generation and fleet vehicles) and scope 2 (purchased electricity) emissions. We are also working very hard to reduce scope 3 emissions (travel, waste related emissions and embodied carbon emissions). In appendix A, we describe a detailed road map for how the campus will achieve scope 1 and 2 carbon neutrality. As a core goal, all members of our campus community are encouraged to identify ways to reduce their individual and department greenhouse gas emissions.
- The university has not increased energy use since 2010 despite 50% more square footage and twice the number of students
- 300 lighting fixtures upgraded to LED bulbs
- 17% of all campus energy use supplied by onsite renewable energy
- Identify a preferred scenario and make progress on the Carbon Neutrality Roadmap detailed in Appendix 1.
- Explore Installation of a microgrid (renewable energy generation + energy storage) connected to the main campus enhancing the campus’s ability to maintain operations during power outages and serve its community during disasters.
- Ensure that a CSU-wide community choice aggregation (CCA) supports campus sustainability goals and enables CSUMB to achieve carbon neutrality by offering a 100% renewable electricity option.
- Formalize process for implementing infrastructure projects to ensure that a review of each project is conducted with respect to stated energy policies and existing plans and guidelines, including whether connection to the District heating and cooling system is feasible.
- Continue to identify and implement energy efficiency upgrades in existing buildings.
- In accordance with existing CSU policy, CSUMB will prioritize electrification of campus fleet vehicles.
- Collect data related to business travel and study abroad carbon emissions.
*Carbon Neutrality means achieving a state in which the net amount of carbon dioxide or other carbon compounds emitted into the atmosphere is reduced to zero because it is balanced by actions to eliminate reduce or offset these emissions.
- Remove all desk-side heaters and install smart power strips where possible.
- Host energy-efficiency training for building occupants to support optimal energy efficiency.
- Promote energy score cards for each building.
- Encourage each department to designate an “energy owl” to support energy reductions within departments and offices.
- Implement residential hall energy-saving competitions.
- Expand energy-saving programs for Information Technology, to reduce energy use associated with computers, monitors, servers and other types of equipment.
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NIOSH Analytical Method, p-Nitrochlorobenzene, S218 (Set N).
NIOSH 1976 Sep:8 pages
A method is described for the absorption on silica gel and desorption with methanol for gas chromatographic determination of p- nitrochlorobenzene (100005) in the air. Data are given on the principle, range and sensitivity, precision, accuracy, advantages and disadvantages of the method. Also described are the apparatus, reagents and procedure used; analysis of samples; interferences; calibration and standards; and calculations.
NIOSH-Analytical-Method; Analytical-Method; Standards-Completion-Program; Analytical-methods; Standards; Sampling; SCP; Set-N; Air-quality-measurement; Microanalysis; Nitrochlorobenzenes; Nitro-compounds; Chlorinated-benzenes;
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio, 8 pages, 1 reference
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John Legend & The Roots dug in the crates to find a selection of classic and obscure sides from the ’60s and ’70s for their collaborative album of cover songs, Wake Up.
Originally intended to be packaged with John’s last album Evolver as a bonus disc, John & The Roots decided to release the album as a standalone project.
The album is made up of politically and socially aware covers of songs from the 60’s and 70’s, and one original song, “Shine.”
Before the album’s September 21st street date, have a listen to the original songs that John & The Roots covered so you can sing along once you pick up your copy!
1. Les McCann & Eddie Harris “Compared To What”
2. Baby Huey & The Babysitters “Hard Times”
3. Donny Hathaway “Little Ghetto Boy”*
* Unfortunately, we couldn’t find Donny’s studio version from the soundtrack of Come Back Charleston Blue on YouTube, so here’s the version from his “Donny Hathaway Live!” album.
4. Harold Melvin & The Bluenotes “Wake Up Everybody”
5. Ernie Hines “Our Generation”
6. Prince Lincoln Thompson & The Royal Rasses “Love the Way It Should Be”
7. Mike James Kirkland “Hang On in There”
8. Bill Withers “I Can’t Write Left Handed”
9. Marvin Gaye “Wholy Holy”
10. Nina Simone “I Wish I Knew How It Would Feel to Be Free”
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Although homelessness decreased 10 percent nationwide from 2009 to 2019,[mfn]U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development, The 2019 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) to Congress, Part 1: Point-in-Time Estimates of Homelessness, January 2020, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2019-AHAR-Part-1.pdf (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] it is a growing problem in some neighborhoods of such U.S. cities as San Francisco, Seattle, and Los Angeles, where the streets are lined with tents,[mfn]Christopher F. Rufo, “The Moral Crisis of Skid Row,” City Journal, Winter 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/skid-row-los-angeles (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] homelessness-related crime has exploded,[mfn]Christopher F. Rufo, “Seattle Under Siege,” City Journal, Autumn 2018, https://www.city-journal.org/seattle-homelessness (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] and residents are exasperated by persistent public disorder. Since 2011, these cities have spent billions on homelessness, yet the number of homeless has increased 15 percent in Los Angeles, 24 percent in San Francisco, and 25 percent in Seattle.[mfn]U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Community Planning and Development, The 2011 Annual Homeless Assessment Report to Congress, November 2012, Revised, https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sites/default/files/pdf/2011AHAR_FinalReport.pdf (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn]
Local leaders have the primary responsibility for homelessness policy. Those in cities who have failed to solve the problem have failed because they have failed to understand the problem—with perilous consequences not only for average citizens, but also for the homeless themselves, who have been left in the streets where they suffer from addiction, mental illness, and threats of violence and in many case pass away.
A Human Problem, Not a Housing Problem
While it is tempting to think of homelessness in terms of housing—it is embedded in the very term “homeless”—this conceptualization obscures important dynamics. For most of the homeless, lack of housing is the result of a series of misfortunes, including job loss, domestic violence, family crisis, and health emergencies.[mfn]San Francisco Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing, “San Francisco Homeless Count & Survey, 2019 Executive Summary,” https://hsh.sfgov.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/ExecutiveSummary_SanFrancisco2019.pdf (accessed January 27, 2021). Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, “2019 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count Summary and Key Messages,” https://www.lahsa.org/documents?id=3438-2019-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-summary-and-key-messages.pdf (accessed February 16, 2021).[/mfn]
Furthermore, despite the political rhetoric that attempts to avoid it, two of the primary drivers of homelessness are drug addiction and mental illness. According to the latest data, approximately three-quarters of the unsheltered homeless—people living in cars, tents, and on the streets—suffer from serious mental illness and drug addiction.[mfn]Janey Rountree, Nathan Hess, and Austin Lyke, “Health Conditions Among Unsheltered Adults in the U.S.,” California Policy Lab Policy Brief, October 2019, https://www.capolicylab.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Health-Conditions-Among-Unsheltered-Adults-in-the-U.S.pdf (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] Ultimately, as we have known since the 1990s when street homelessness first became prevalent in major cities, homelessness is the result of the loss of human relationships, including those with family and community.[mfn]Alice S. Baum and Donald W. Burnes, A Nation in Denial: The Truth About Homelessness (Avalon Publishing, May 4, 1993), https://www.google.com/books/edition/_/5eIpAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wKjv7rztAhWGHzQIHfusALsQ7_IDMBN6BAgcEAI (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn]
Currently, the dominant policy prescription in many progressive cities is “Housing First” combined with “harm reduction.” Housing First, which has become the default policy in hundreds of American cities and is widely subsidized by the federal government,[mfn]For a more detailed discussion of the federal role in Housing First, see Christopher F. Rufo, “The ‘Housing First’ Approach Has Failed: Time to Reform Federal Policy and Make It Work for Homeless Americans,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 3513, August 4, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/sites/default/files/2020-08/BG3513_2.pdf.[/mfn] is the idea of providing permanent housing to the homeless with no requirement for sobriety or participation in addiction and mental health services. This model assumes that many, if not most, of the homeless will never be able to overcome their addictions and that programs should therefore focus on “harm reduction,” which means preventing overdose deaths and managing the most negative aspects of addiction, not promoting drug recovery or abstinence. Unfortunately, neither Housing First nor harm reduction has lived up to its promises.
Housing First programs, which have cost the local, state, and federal governments billions of dollars over the past decade, have failed even to keep pace with homelessness.[mfn]Table of “funding and staffing requests for fiscal years 2018 through 2020,” in U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY 2020 Congressional Justifications, p. 1-1, https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2020HUD%20CongressionalJustifications3-18-19.pdf (accessed January 28, 2021).[/mfn] Some projects have cost up to $700,000 for a simple apartment unit,[mfn]Chris Woodyard, “$700K for an Apartment? The Cost to Solve the Homeless Crisis Is Soaring in Los Angeles,” USA TODAY, August 20, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/08/20/homeless-people-los-angeles-la-builds-pricey-koreatown-apartments/1984064001/ (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] and taxpayers in Los Angeles voted for a $1.2 billion bond that will likely provide fewer than 5,000 Housing First units for a total homeless population of 59,000.[mfn]Los Angeles Housing + Community Investment Department, “City of Los Angeles Prop HHH Progress Report,” January 26, 2021, https://hcidla2.lacity.org/housing/housing-development/hhh-progress (accessed February 5, 2021); Jason Henry, “”Prop. HHH Projects in LA Cost up to $700,000 a Unit to House Homeless. Here’s Why,” Los Angeles Daily News, February 21, 2020, https://www.dailynews.com/2020/02/21/prop-hhh-projects-in-la-cost-up-to-700000-a-unit-to-house-homeless-heres-why/ (accessed February 5, 2021); Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, “Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count Shows 12% Rise in Homelessness,” updated December 4, 2019, https://www.lahsa.org/news?article=558-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-shows-12-rise-in-homelessness (accessed February 5, 2021); Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, “2019 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count Summary and Key Messages,” https://www.lahsa.org/news?article=558-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-shows-12-rise-in-homelessness (accessed February 5, 2021).[/mfn] Moreover, as a large body of evidence demonstrates, Housing First programs generally do not reduce substance abuse, psychiatric symptoms, and (in some studies) even the rate of death—the very human factors that are central to the experience of homelessness.[mfn]Union Rescue Mission, “State of Homelessness & Impact of Housing First Only, Harm Reduction Model on Homelessness, Specifically Street Homelessness, from Reputable and High-Level Sources,” chart source from United States Interagency Council on Homelessness and interpretation from Andy Bales, https://urm.org/state-of-homelessness-impact-of-housing-firstonly-union-rescue-mission-andy-bales/ (accessed January 28, 2021); Angela Ly and Eric Latimer, “Housing First Impact on Costs and Associated Cost Offsets: A Review of the Literature,” Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 60, No. 11 (November 2015), pp. 475–487, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4679128/ (accessed January 28, 2021); Jennifer Perlman and John Parvensky, “Denver Housing First Collaborative: Cost Benefit Analysis and Program Outcomes Report,” Colorado Coalition for the Homeless, December 11, 2006, https://shnny. org/uploads/Supportive_Housing_in_Denver.pdf (accessed January 28, 2021); Mary E. Larimer, Daniel K. Malone, Michelle D. Garner, David C. Atkins, Bonnie Burlingham, Heather S. Lonczak, Kenneth Tanzer, Joshua Ginzler, Seema L. Clifasefi, William G. Hobson, and G. Alan Marlatt, “Health Care and Public Service Use and Costs before and after Provision of Housing for Chronically Homeless Persons with Severe Alcohol Problems,” Journal of the American Medical Association, Vol. 301, No. 13 (April 1, 2009), pp. 1349–1357, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.414 (accessed January 28, 2021); Rebecca A. Cherner, Tim Aubry, John Sylvestre, Rob Boyd, and Donna Pettey, “Housing First for Adults with Problematic Substance Use,” Journal of Dual Diagnoses, Vol. 13, No. 3 (April 2017), pp. 219–229, https://doi.org/10.1080/15504263.2017.1319586 (accessed January 28, 2021); Stefan G. Kertesz and Saul J. Weiner, “Housing the Chronically Homeless: High Hopes, Complex Realities,” Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 301, No. 17 (May 6, 2009), pp. 1822–1824, https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2009.596 (accessed January 28, 2021); Stefan G. Kertesz, Kimberly Crouch, Jesse B. Milby, Robert E. Cusimano, and Joseph E. Schumacher, “Housing First for Homeless Persons with Active Addiction: Are We Overreaching?” The Milbank Quarterly, Vol. 87, No. 2 (June 2009), pp. 495–534, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2009.00565.x (accessed January 28, 2021).[/mfn] Many Housing First programs simply transfer the dysfunction of the street to subsidized apartment complexes.
Seattle, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Denver, and other cities[mfn]For example, in “cities such as Philadelphia, Denver and San Francisco, drug legalization activists have launched a campaign to create” safe injection cites. For more, see Chris Rufo, “‘Safe Injection Sites’ Aren’t Safe, Effective or Wise. Just Ask Canadians,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, September 29, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/public-health/commentary/safe-injection-sites-arent-safe-effective-or-wise-just-ask-canadians (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] have argued recently that policymakers should move further in the direction of “harm reduction” and follow the model of Vancouver, Canada, which has adopted the most progressive homelessness and addiction policies in North America. Fifteen years ago, Vancouver opened a series of “safe injection sites” in which predominantly homeless addicts can inject heroin, methamphetamine, and other drugs under the supervision of support workers, who can administer overdose-reversal drugs if necessary. Although no one has overdosed within these facilities, the surrounding neighborhood has seen more overdose deaths than ever.[mfn]Christopher F. Rufo, “The Harm in ‘Harm Reduction,’” City Journal, Spring 2020, https://www.city-journal.org/vancouver-harm-reduction (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] Even worse, the injection sites have created a neighborhood-wide haven for drug dealers, drug users, and criminal gangs, which has led to increased rates of overdose deaths, crime, and violence.
Despite these negative outcomes, political leaders have continued to centralize services, including safe injection sites, in the neighborhood, which only compounds the social dysfunction.[mfn]Ibid.[/mfn] In other words, the policy that seeks to reduce harm ends up enabling it.
Another policy is needed. The approach of progressive West Coast cities has not succeeded in reducing homelessness, but there are other models in the United States that show the potential for positive results.
Balancing Services with Enforcement to Reduce Homelessness Successfully
Houston, Texas, is the untold homelessness success story. Democratic mayor Sylvester Turner has argued that the city must balance the provision of services with enforcement of the law against street camping—a combination he refers to as “tough love.”[mfn]ABC 13, Houston, “Mayor Turner Reveals Plan to Deal with Homelessness,” March 2, 2017, https://abc13.com/news/mayor-reveals-plan-to-deal-with-homelessness/1782063/ (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn]
This approach has paid dividends. Between 2011 and 2019, the city reduced homelessness by a remarkable 54 percent as it continued to skyrocket in cities like Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle.[mfn]Janelle Bludau, “Houston Homeless Population Drops by 54% since 2011,” KHOU 11, Houston, August 2, 2019, https://www.khou.com/article/life/people/houston-homeless-population-drops-by-54-since-2011/285-810cb71c-db4c-4da4-ba06-d02152eea9fc (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn] The mayor consistently enforced the law against camping and drug consumption, even fighting and winning a lawsuit against the American Civil Liberties Union, which had attempted to hamstring enforcement efforts.[mfn]NBC 5, Dallas-Fort Worth, “Houston Can Clear Out Homeless Tent Cities: Federal Judge,” December 29, 2017, https://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/houston-can-clear-out-homeless-tent-cities-federal-judge/52610/ (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn]
Mayor Turner demonstrated an important lesson: City governments cannot and should not tolerate rampant street disorder, which is common in the major West Coast cities. This only incentivizes more homelessness and disorder, including large numbers of transient homeless who migrate to permissive jurisdictions. This so-called magnet effect can profoundly impact the composition of a city or county’s homeless population: In Los Angeles County, for example, 35 percent of the homeless migrated to the county after becoming homeless outside the county;[mfn]Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority, “2019 Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count Presentation,” updated June 17, 2020, https://www.lahsa.org/documents?id=3437-2019-greater-los-angeles-homeless-count-presentation.pdf (accessed January 28, 2021).[/mfn] in King County, which is home to Seattle, 23 percent of the homeless migrated to the county after becoming homeless in another state.[mfn]Christopher F. Rufo, “Hiding the Homeless: King County Hides the Statistics About Homeless Migration—Until I Threatened a Lawsuit,” Christopher F. Rufo blog, August 5, 2020, https://christopherrufo.com/king-county-hides-homeless-point-in-time-statistics/ (accessed January 27, 2021).[/mfn]
Next, in order to address the human challenges associated with homelessness, particularly addiction and mental illness, cities must provide effective services and treatment programs. Fortunately, gold standard “Treatment First” programs have demonstrated robust results. The University of Alabama at Birmingham has run a multi-decade study on intensive housing and treatment programs for the homeless that get people off the streets, into recovery, connected with employment, and eventually on to independent living.[mfn]Joseph E. Schumacher, Jesse B. Milby, Dawna-Cricket Meehan, Stefan Kertesz, Rudy Vuchinich, Dennis Wallace, Jonathan Dunning, and Stuart Usdan, “Meta-Analysis of Day Treatment and Contingency-Management Dismantling Research: Birmingham Homeless Cocaine Studies (1990–2006),” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 75, No. 5 (October 2007), pp. 823–828, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Cricket_Meehan/publication/5936906_Meta-Analysis_of_Day_Treatment_and_Contingency-Management_Dismantling_Research_Birmingham_Homeless_Cocaine_Studies_1990-2006/links/5748665d08ae5083910063ba/Meta-Analysis-of-Day-Treatment-and-Contingency-Management-Dismantling-Research-Birmingham-Homeless-Cocaine-Studies-1990-2006.pdf?origin=publication_detail (accessed January 28, 2021).[/mfn] In one of the program’s most successful cohorts, 44 percent of men were stably housed and 53 percent were stably employed after 12 months—an incredible outcome, given the severe social, psychological, and medical challenges of this population.
As American policymakers grapple with rising homelessness, they should first recognize that current approaches are not working. Housing First and harm reduction made outsized promises but failed to deliver commensurate results. Cities must recognize that a new approach is needed to address the full nature of human challenges facing the homeless.
First, policymakers must ensure a baseline of public order—in short, enforce the laws against public camping, drug consumption, and homelessness-related property crimes—which is a prerequisite for any successful intervention. Next, cities must shift funds from failing Housing First programs into so-called Treatment First programs that address the human problems of addiction and mental illness and create a series of incentives to move the homeless from the streets into treatment programs and, ultimately, to self-sufficiency.[mfn]Christopher F. Rufo, “‘Housing First’: Homing In on the Problem,” Heritage Foundation Commentary, August 24, 2020, https://www.heritage.org/housing/commentary/housing-first-homing-the-problem.[/mfn] Compassionate leadership, combined with a proper sense of limits and public order, can make all the difference.
Originally published at The Heritage Foundation.
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The Pure Double Alto G ocarina. This ocarina uses the Asian fingering system with the highest notes on the index finger split (no right thumb hole).
Pure Ocarinas include many innovations designed to help you play better, including:
Pure Ocarinas were designed from the start as concert quality musical instruments, and great ergonomics is a key focus. They are carefully balanced to sit comfortably in the hand, with ergonomically placed and angled finger holes.
All Pure Ocarinas have a functional tail and cappello that make it easier to hold the ocarina on the high notes. They can be used in combination with the 3 point grip, a technique that keeps the right hand fingers close to their finger holes when playing the high notes. Using these support points allows large leaps to be played easily.
The physical weight of the ocarina has also been reduced, as it is easier to support a lighter instrument. Learn more about ergonomics --->
Great chamber balance
Our multichamber ocarinas place a great deal of attention on balancing the breath pressure requirements between chambers. The first chamber is tuned with a shallow linear breath curve, like the single chambers. The Second chamber is then tuned to begin from the pressure of the high end of the first chamber, and increases even more gently. Having a shallow and predictable breath curve makes it easier for you to play complex music with good intonation.
The tuning of Pure Ocarinas are individually adjusted by hand to ensure an even breath curve over the entire playing range. All glaze is cleaned out of the holes before firing as stray glaze would mess up the tuning.
These ocarinas are tuned to play in a440 concert pitch at 20 degrees centigrade, with a shallow breath curve that is consistent over the instrument's entire range.
How the different finishes feel
It is important to note that different finishes feel different to play. I can summarise as follows:
- Shellac. Natural shellac has been used to finish ocarinas for hundreds of years. It is durable and has a good feel, but can feel slightly sticky if your fingers are damp.
- Plain. The plain surface of the ceramic. A plain finish is advantageous if you tend to have damp fingers as earthenware is porous. It will absorb finger moisture and keep your fingers dry, resulting in a more consistent feel. Though it does stain over time and can only be cleaned by re-firing to burn it out.
Sliding movements on shellac ocarinas can be made significantly easier by covering your fingers with talk or chalk dust. This serves to absorb any moisture present and prevents the gripping surface of the skin touching the instrument.
I personally prefer plain finished ocarinas as it has the best feel to me. The staining does not bother me as they age to a slightly yellowed appearance similar to old bone, a likeness frequently cited by people who have seen my instruments.
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Though it seems like we hear a lot of fears about how technological advances are making some jobs obsolete, we can finally hear some good news on the jobs front. A report from the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) “shows a strong correlation between the adoption of advanced information technologies on the one hand and growth in revenue and jobs on the other” among small to midsize businesses (SMBs).
A recent HuffingtonPost article further examined the findings. Writer Carol Roth reported that “business advocacy organizations are taking the BCG study findings seriously” by providing technology education programs for SMBs. Roth made note that many varieties of technologies have brought about budget savings for companies, including cloud services and business intelligence tools, that allow SMBs to become more efficient and more competitive. Derek Kennedy, a BCG partner, said:
"The cloud has really leveled the playing field for small businesses. They get access to the same technology and infrastructure that the Fortune 500 use, with costs that are scalable."
Not only that, but companies are also finding that technology can make workers more productive. According to Roth:
Chicago-based EMJ Companies, a distributor of commercial-grade building materials, is a great example of how SMBs are using cloud technology to enable growth and hiring. EMJ Vice President Gary Wietecha said that the company began using cloud-based Office 365 last year, which boosted its employees' productivity. Because of this shift, EMJ not only anticipates cost savings of $250,000 each year, but has also been able to hire additional staff as a direct result of the cost savings and efficiencies.
In a previous blog, I discussed how another study found correlation between SMBs that use social media and strong job growth. It looks like the BCG study reinforces that claim with its findings on technology adoption. It seems going forth, SMBs have the power to use technology to bring growth to their own companies, to the job market, and to their country’s GDP.
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After over 40 years of martial arts training Sijo Tim"Apache"Wright has created an Eclectic/Tradititional Style of martial arts. It combines concepts of the martial arts systems of Ba Gua Zhang, Xing Yi Quan, Tai Chi Quan, Tibetan Lama, Traditional Shaolin Kung fu,
Liu Ha Ba Fa with a base of Wing Chun.
Wing Chun is an efficient and effective form of martial arts. It is a highly simplified combat art, with only three unarmed forms within the style. The style was developed by the Shaolin nun Ng Mui, a senior Kung-Fu practitioner. Ng Mui needed to teach Kung Fu to a young woman named Yim Wing Chun, so she could defeat a warlord who wanted to force her into marriage. A new style was taught to Wing Chun which combined the best techniques from the broad array of traditional Shaolin kung fu, into a simple, master style. Yim Wing Chun defeated the warlord with little effort, using his energy against him. The new style was subsequently named Wing Chun.
The Wing Chun Style was passed on through the years where the butterfly knives and pole forms where introduced, until more recently when the late Ip Man learned the style. Ip Man taught many people including his two sons Ip Chun and Ip Ching and the famous late Bruce Lee, who introduced Wing Chun and Kung Fu to the western world.
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Compassionate Care For Incarcerated Individuals with Mentally Illness
When I first walked past R.’s cell, I thought that nobody lived there. The concrete walls were barren; the mattress lay folded and stacked on the bed. On the floor, huddled under a green blanket, R. raised his head. Incarcerated people in neighboring cells said that he had been sitting and sleeping on the floor for the past several days, refusing to leave for showers, recreation and even meals. Other incarcerated persons passed pieces of fruit or bread through the bars. According to a correction officer, R. had stopped taking his mental health medication and refused to speak with a counselor. Neither the correction officer nor the mental health staff knew what to do with him.
R. is just one of New York State’s 7,400 incarcerated individuals on the mental health caseload. Like the vast majority of mentally ill incarcerated individuals, he resides in the general prison population. Some mentally ill incarcerated persons are able to assimilate, maintained on medication, and lead functional lives in the prison “community.” Others, like R., languish in their cells, while still others may hallucinate and act out violently, earning them months if not years in disciplinary lockdown. Figures from the Department of Correctional Services show that 23% of incarcerated persons in disciplinary lockdown units are on the mental health caseload—an alarmingly high rate for any state prison system and a clear indication that more options should be available for incarcerated individuals with mental illness.
The Prison Visiting Project recently completed two years of research on the quality of mental health services in New York State prisons. Staff made site visits to 20 prisons and conducted structured interviews with nearly 500 incarcerated individuals. During these visits, incarcerated individuals, correctional and mental health staff raised concerns about the high number of mentally ill incarcerated individuals in general population and the impact it has on prison management.
“Dealing with mentally ill incarcerated people is a major, ongoing challenge that’s gotten worse over the years as the number has grown,” said a sergeant at Sing Sing with 15 years on the job. “Just last week, we had a guy who burned down his cell.”
It was encouraging, however, to spend time in the Intermediate Care Programs (ICPs), residential units where incarcerated people with mental illness receive intensive treatment and can participate in a range of therapeutic activities, from substance abuse treatment to gardening. The state prison system has eleven ICPs staffed by correctional and mental health professionals as well as energetic Inmate Program Assistants who help organize activities and serve as big brothers and mentors to the mentally ill. ICPs provide residential care to incarcerated individuals deemed victim prone and/or unable to cope in the general prison population because of mental illness. All ICP incarcerated individuals receive regular therapy in group and individual sessions. The average length of stay is approximately two years.
Interviews with 213 ICP incarcerated individuals confirmed that these men are among the system’s most vulnerable. The majority suffer from a serious psychiatric disorder (53% reported schizophrenia; two-thirds reported prior admission to a psychiatric hospital), and more than half (54%) had committed an act of self harm or attempted suicide while in prison. Nearly 50% reported incidents of being victimized by other incarcerated persons in prison, such as having their property stolen (34%) or being physically assaulted (25%). They reported that the ICP gives them access to mental health services and protects them from the more aggressive incarcerated individuals in general population. Many of the incarcerated individuals told us they were afraid to move off the unit.
The problem with ICPs is that there are not enough of them. Space only exists for some 500 incarcerated individuals throughout the state system. Corrections officers and mental health staff tell us that with 7,400 incarcerated persons on the mental health caseload, 500 beds is clearly insufficient. Unless and until correction officials expand ICP capacity, the vulnerable mentally ill incarcerated individuals who live in general population with little treatment or protection are at risk for decompensation and injury to themselves or staff. With research documenting that ICPs are a viable solution to this problem, the Prison Visiting Project has made the expansion of these units a leading advocacy issue.
CA Applauds Commitment to Raise the Age in Governor Cuomo’s State of the State Address, Laments No Mention of Racism, Violence, and Abuse in NYS Prisons
(January 9, 2016) New York, NY: The Correctional Association of New York roundly applauds the continued commitment of Governor Andrew Cuomo to raising the age of criminal responsibility in New York, ending the prosecution and incarceration of 16- and 17-year-olds as adults. It is now up to the members of both parties in the NYS Legislature to do their duty to make this a reality. In spite of the Governor’s assertion that the "nation looks to NY to find a way up," we actually fall behind 48 other states, along with North Carolina, by continuing to treat children as adults in the criminal legal system. New York must Raise the Age of criminal responsibility this legislative session. Read More
To the Editor: Re “Serving as a Role Model During a Father’s Absence” (The Neediest Cases, Dec. 21): It’s nice to see young Jaylen benefit from the MentorCHIP program. But children whose parents are incarcerated need regular visits with their parents. Studies show that children’s emotional, scholastic and social adjustment improve when they have regularly [...]Read More
Prison Monitoring Reports
The Correctional Association of NY released a report on March 31, 2016 about Collins Correctional Facility, highlighting the large number of people with mental illness incarcerated at Collins and the lack of support and programs for these and other people incarcerated at the prison. Collins Correctional Facility is a medium security prison in western New [...]Read More
Reports & Research
The Correctional Association of NY conducted in depth interviews with 30 people currently incarcerated at Clinton on August 19 and 20, 2015, and corresponded with many more people held at the prison over the last few months. The information reported provides further confirmation of both extensive staff brutality in the aftermath of the June escape [...]Read More
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