text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
How to Practically use Interactive Videos: 10 Examples
They are taking the world by storm. They may have been around for a while now, but it’s only in the last few years things really started to take off. An influx of people are using interactive videos to reach more and engage more with their audiences.
From shoppable videos to full-on branching adventures like Bandersnatch that offer a ‘choose your own’ adventure vibe, there are a world of possibilities when it comes to interactive video.
We all know that it’s great in theory. It holds people’s attention for longer, makes them feel like a part of the story and gives them a sense of authenticity about the brand that they’re interacting with. It can be used to enhance the customer experience, to teach people and to gain valuable insights into different markets and consumer groups.
But what exactly are the practical ways that you can use interactive video? Here are 10 practical examples of interactive video.
Branching videos, also affectionately known as ‘choose your own adventure’ have been around for a while. The concept was taken from the books of old that used the same mechanic. Having readers skip to certain pages depending on what they wanted to do. Branching videos work in much the same way but on a digital and much more streamlines level.
A branching video will ask the audience to make a series of choices. Each choice that is made will lead to a consequence that will be different to the one that would have been portrayed if the other choice had been selected.
They can be complicated, simple and incredibly creative in nature, with limitless possibilities as to how many individual storylines can be help in just one video. Branching videos can be practically used best for the purpose of entertainment.
They give viewers the chance to control the story, making them feel like a part of the narrative and giving them authority. This, in turn, makes it more engaging and mixed with impressive visuals and creative storylines, brands and musicians can use interactive video to create more engaging content to entice users.
Hotspots in interactive videos can be used to highlight certain areas that can be interacted with. The things you can do with the use of hotspots in your video are almost endless.
They can be used to highlight clickable areas that bring up certain information at key point during the video, they can also be used to give instructions or cause an action to occur.
The use of hotspots in videos is a great idea for a simple way to give the viewer more information in a clean, tidy and elegant way. You can have clickable areas that light up and allow users to add things into a basket, build inventories or simply offer information about the topic that the video is talking about.
It’s an engaging way to allow people to interact with your content without overwhelming them. You can focus on the main body of the video content, ensuring that it’s engaging, creative and fit for purpose, while simple using hotspots as a way to grab the viewers attention and draw it to a certain thing.
By clicking on or interacting with these hotspots that you’ve set up throughout the video, the viewer receives a wealth of information at just the right time, without having it shoved down their throats or having it interrupt or conceal any of the main video content.
Multi-view videos and interactive videos that utilise 360-degree views are an excellent way to show something off. Linear video only gives people the chance to see something from the viewpoint that it’s being shot in, whereas multi-view allows people to adjust the viewpoint throughout the video playback in order to see something from every angle.
It’s a fun and simple way to showcase a product or place and can give brands a better chance of persuading customers to purchase, visit or interact with them as a brand.
The use of multi-view is best utilised alongside VR experiences, which allow people to have fully immersive experiences as they explore your product, place or other object. It can be a more engaging version of the images that can be rotated 360-degrees, adding an element of movement to enhance engagement levels and draw the viewer in.
Multi view is an incredibly simple type of interactive video that can be incredibly effective. Giving people the sense of immersion and as though they’ve seen everything there is to see, therefore making them feel as though your brand is trusted.
Another practical example of an interactive video is one that’s been around for decades. The insertion of links into videos isn’t a new concept, just like how interactive videos as a whole aren’t new, but the introduction of better technology and a more digital age makes clickable links within videos even more valuable today than they ever been.
When it comes to inserting links into your interactive videos, you can do so at appropriate times in order to direct a viewer to products, information, other videos and almost anything you want. You can embed buttons into your videos that take people to your social channels, your website or specific pages on the web to eliminate the need for them to search for it themselves.
People love for their customer journey’s to be made shorter, and they love being given as much information as possible, especially when it comes to purchasing. Giving them a one-click journey on their way to further information, which your video has made them want to attain, only increases the chances that they will trust you as a brand and eventually convert.
5. Shoppable Video
Shoppable video is an incredibly useful tool in the world of e-commerce. With links and clickable products within the video, you can ensure that customer’s convert more easily by removing the amount of time and effort it takes them to complete a purchase.
An interactive video, or a linear style video, is great for showing off products and creating a fabulous brand image. The addition of shoppable features that allow customers to click directly onto the products that they’re being shown removes a lot of the effort associated with the customer journey. This streamlines the entire process and turns an engaging experience into one that can directly affect the level of sales gained from a video campaign.
Practical uses of shoppable videos can be seen throughout the e-commerce world, with products being displayed on-screen as part of a narrative and the user being able to click on each product to bring up more information, size options, colours, price and the option to buy. Some shoppable contents even takes you directly to a cart full of the items you’ve added during the video, further removing the friction between content and purchase.
For instance, this Modest Fashion shoppable interactive video.
6. Adaptive Quizzing
Adaptive quizzing takes the ability to ask viewers questions to the next level. An innovative cross between the branching and quiz styles of interactive video, the adaptive quiz features allows you to adapt further questions to adhere to previous answers that have been given by the user to previous questions.
This can help to personalise the experience as you gain insight, teach users something and continue to engage with them on a personal level.
Adaptive quizzing can be a useful tool to use in e-learning or market research videos that require the gathering of certain information that can be dependent on previous answers. For instance, asking a user whether they have purchased a certain item, and asking questions about that specific item or items similar to it, and skipping those further questions if the user indicates that they have not before purchased the item in question.
It streamlines the whole process of gathering information while also being useful for e-learning quizzes that test knowledge. You can also allow users to enter their own, typed-out answers to questions rather than simply choosing from pre-set options, giving you even more insight into their learning experience and customer journey.
7. Embedded Widgets
Interactive videos open up doors to an endless number of worlds that are ripe with possibility, including the ability to add widgets into your video.
Widgets are simply small sections of apps that can be embedded into almost anything. You’ll find them on your smartphone, on your PC and laptop and on most smart devices. They can tell you real-time information such as the weather, show you directions, let you read messages and much more.
These widgets can easily be embedded into videos, allowing you to give the customer easy access to information that’s relevant to the video that they’re watching. For instance, if you’re trying to tell a customer about a specific store or place, you can add a widget that allows them to, using their on-device GPS, see how far away they are from it and how they can get there.
You can do this with almost any widget, so the possibilities really are endless. You can let them contribute to message streams in real-time using chat widgets, let them see the weather in real-time for certain places, give them map information and much more.
Personalisation simply refers to making a video more personal to the person who is watching it. The person watching the video content can be addressed by name, their location can be taken into account and many other factors can be embedded into their interactive video experience.
Personalisation has many forms, and there are many ways to achieve it. Rather than simply asking them for certain information such as their name, you can pull this information from insights and previously explored content, giving them a personalised experience without any effort from them.
This is a very useful tool in interactive videos, as personalised content is known to be more effective in terms of engagement and conversion. People like it when they feel like they are having a direct conversation with a brand. They feel special, and everyone likes to feel special.
9. Live Participation
The practical example of live participation interactive video is anything but a new concept. It’s been around for decades and is probably one of the oldest and most mainstreams forms of current interactivity withing video media.
Already a huge contributing factor to broadcast content, interactive participation only works with live videos. So, videos that are streamed or broadcast live can contain ways that the audience can directly participate with the people in the videos and with the brand.
Examples include live social media streams that are displayed on screen or read out, live question and answer sessions and even gameshows that incorporate the audience as a whole other contestant. This is already being rolled out across online content, with some companies.They are offering live participation game shows, so it’s only a matter of time before it becomes much more mainstream.
Allowing the audience to participate in live videos can make them feel as though they are part of the story, making the content more engaging. You can even adapt your live video depending on viewer input. For example, letting viewers choose certain things that will happen in the live video, much like with a branching interactive video.
10. Insights And Lead Generation
One of the most forgotten gems of interactive video is the insights it can give to brands and companies who employ it. Practical examples of insights that can be gained include gathering data about the options chosen in branching videos to gain insight into how people think, consolidating personal information from interactive market research collection videos and many more.
|
<urn:uuid:6ffa4ac8-7578-43f7-9fd9-d6c2ddf46cae>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cinema8.com/blog/how-to-practically-use-interactive-videos-10-examples
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00267.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94187
| 2,368
| 1.765625
| 2
|
James Graham Brown Cancer Center becomes first site in Kentucky providing Keytruda,
newly FDA-approved for advanced melanoma
LOUISVILLE, Ky. – A newly FDA-approved treatment for patients with advanced or inoperable melanoma who are no longer responding to other drugs is now available to patients at the University of Louisville’s James Graham Brown Cancer Center, a part of KentuckyOne Health. As a site for Keytruda’s research clinical trial, the cancer center is the first in Kentucky to offer the drug now that it is approved.
Keytruda (pembrolizumab) was given accelerated approval by the FDA Sept. 4 and is the first approved drug in the United States that blocks a cellular pathway known as PD-1, which restricts the body’s immune system from attacking melanoma cells. It is approved for use following other treatments if those treatments fail.
Melanoma accounts for approximately 5 percent of all new cancers in the United States and occurs when cancer cells form in skin cells that make the pigment responsible for color in the skin. According to the National Cancer Institute, an estimated 76,100 Americans will be diagnosed with melanoma and 9,710 will die from the disease this year.
Keytruda represents a new breed of cancer treatment, Jason Chesney, M.D., Ph.D., deputy director of the Brown Cancer Center, said. “Keytruda is designed to galvanize an immune system attack on tumors by blocking the PD-1 pathway,” he said. “Left unchecked, this pathway allows cancerous cells to pass undetected.
“The drug shows greatest promise as a combination therapy, and this approval, handed down almost two months ahead of schedule, clears the drug for use on patients with advanced skin cancers who have already taken Yervoy (ipilimumab).”
“Adding to the body of research on new, advanced treatments exemplifies the James Graham Brown Cancer Center’s leadership on a regional, and even national, level,” said Mark Milburn, vice president, oncology services, KentuckyOne Health. “The expertise from University of Louisville partnered with the statewide reach of KentuckyOne Health helps citizens all over the Commonwealth and beyond with increased access and new hope to fight cancer.”
The FDA granted Keytruda breakthrough therapy designation because preliminary clinical evidence showed that the drug may offer a substantial improvement over available therapies. It also received priority review and orphan product designation. Priority review is granted to drugs that have the potential to be a significant improvement in safety or effectiveness in the treatment of a serious condition. Orphan product designation is given to drugs intended to treat rare diseases.
The FDA action was taken under the agency’s accelerated approval program, which allows approval of a drug to treat a serious or life-threatening disease based on clinical data showing the drug has an effect on a surrogate endpoint reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit to patients. This program provides earlier patient access to promising new drugs while the company conducts confirmatory clinical trials. An improvement in survival or disease-related symptoms has not yet been established.
Keytruda is manufactured by Merck and Yervoy is from Bristol-Myers Squibb. For information on Keytruda and its use, contact the James Graham Brown Cancer Center toll free at 1-800-333-2230 or at 502-587-4011.
About the University of Louisville
The University of Louisville Health Sciences Center is the city’s only academic health center with approximately 1,000 faculty members involved in education, research and clinical care. The UofL HSC is home to more than 650 medical and dental residents, 3,000 students pursuing degrees in health-related fields within the Schools of Dentistry, Medicine, Nursing and Public Health and Information Sciences, as well as 16 interdisciplinary centers and institutes. Approximately $140 million in extramural funding enables researchers to uncover the causes of disease and better ways to prevent, treat and cure illness and injury. That research is translated into the clinical setting, where evidence-based medical care for patients is provided by UofL faculty through University of Louisville Physicians, our partnership with KentuckyOne Health, and in affiliations with other health systems and clinics throughout Kentucky and southern Indiana.
About KentuckyOne Health
KentuckyOne Health was formed when two major Kentucky health care organizations came together in early 2012. KentuckyOne Health combines the Jewish and Catholic heritages of the two former systems – Jewish Hospital & St. Mary’s HealthCare and Saint Joseph Health System. In late 2012, the organization formed a partnership with the University of Louisville Hospital | James Graham Brown Cancer Center. The nonprofit system is committed to improving the health of Kentuckians by integrating medical research, education, technology and health care services wherever patients receive care. KentuckyOne Health has more than 200 locations including hospitals, physician groups, clinics, primary care centers, specialty institutes and home health agencies across the state of Kentucky and southern Indiana.
|
<urn:uuid:2da0f817-e2eb-4b82-8c7a-cdebda2c96a8>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.chisaintjosephhealth.org/hospital-news/james-graham-brown-cancer-center-becomes-first-site-in-kentucky-providing-keytruda-newly-fda-approved-for-advanced-melanoma-archived
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00677.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937923
| 1,032
| 1.882813
| 2
|
Great Ways To Help Further Personal Development Trying to grow through personal development may seem like a daunting task. Since everyone is different it is important to identify what can work for you when you're thinking about personal development. Keep learning about personal development to pick up new ideas. Start by reading this article and choosing which of these tips you are going to apply. 3d sony glasses When working on your personal development, it is often helpful to see what others have done. You can build upon the trails they blazed and avoid mistakes they made by finding out how they reached fulfillment. By learning from the experiences of others, you help yourself. Are you having a difficult time meeting someone that you want to share your life with? Have you considered online dating? Surprisingly, forty percent of today's couples met online. Your special someone could be looking for you right now. Both of these sites have pros and cons. People practicing personal development usually find that their goals are vague and difficult to describe. Make your goal specific. A more specific goal is likely to produce specific results. Exercise is for everybody. It is not reserved for those who wish to slim down. There are many physiological benefits associate with exercise. Because physical activity stimulates production of feel-good chemicals in the body, a workout program may actually make you feel calmer and more positive. Try to live wisely and humbly. Learn from your mistakes and past situations that you are faced with every day and learn to recognize circumstances that you are unable to change. If you have humility, it will be easier for you to understand your limits. Wisdom can help you make better decisions for your future. It is possible to teach yourself the best ways to deal with hard situations. Practice staying calm just one situation at a time, and your ability to handle stressful events will grow with each success. Take a moment and focus on your breathing technique. It is normal to find unhealthy foods tempting. Stress is something that's not good for your body or mind. Remembering that life isn't long enough to worry about everything is important. You should be comfortable promoting and working within the boundaries of your strengths. Everyone has unique individual skills which is what makes our planet diverse. Instead of getting upset about skills you do not possess at this time, it is best to maximize the benefits and strengths and skills you excel at currently. By now, you know that improving yourself means putting in the time and effort needed to really change your life. It is also true that in order to see results, you have to keep at it.
Applying the tips mentioned in this article can guide you to much better life.
|
<urn:uuid:453479bd-42fe-4bbb-abd4-b6d218b11b04>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://issuu.com/teller1bubble/docs/h_these_personal_development_ideas.20130117.215441
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00279-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.970714
| 527
| 2.25
| 2
|
Monitoring Adults With ADHD: A Focus on Executive and Behavioral Function
J Clin Psychiatry 2010;71(8):e18
© Copyright 2017 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
Access to this article is available to valid users
Still can't log in? Contact the Circulation Department at 1-800-489-1001 x4 or send email
Register: If you do not have one already, register for a free account.
Deficits in executive function have been consistently demonstrated in adults with ADHD. Rating scales that measure executive deficits in relation to daily life are useful in assessing ADHD symptoms and in measuring responses to treatment, while neuropsychological testing can measure deficits in executive function that can cause additional impairment in adults with ADHD. Treatments, including psychosocial interventions and stimulant and nonstimulant medications, can be helpful in addressing these executive deficits and the symptoms of adult ADHD.
See the entire activity.
|
<urn:uuid:ee5a2ff3-0f5d-4e0a-8d32-ec42cb7f2120>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/2010/v71n08/v71n08e18.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00270-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.895796
| 188
| 2.359375
| 2
|
Have you ever received a reading list? Maybe even a summer reading list? I did, and I loved them! But the UN and American high school students don’t it seems.
Louise Arbour has been quoted as saying: “Children should be free to play while the sun is shining. If they want to take a book to the beach, fine, but don’t keep them cooped up in a musty old library all day reading ‘My Friend Flicka’.”
I think that is outrageous. Do the kids actually read all the books on them lists anyway? U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan is with me on this. It is ridiculous to say that these lists are a violation of human rights. And if the children don’t want to read them, fine, it is them that are missing out. I think this is a step too far by the UN.
Source: http://writing.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474978284033Share on Facebook
|
<urn:uuid:4a438175-2787-44b3-93a2-81ae6e4859ba>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://bookreviews.me.uk/book-news-un-declares-book-lists-a-violation/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00458-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.969283
| 222
| 1.5625
| 2
|
02 Apr The Pine with Three Branches: From Religion to Nationalism
Is there any sort of natural phenomena in your home town? Here in Catalonia, near a small town known as Castellar del Riu, Berguedà, there are the remnants of a very important tree. Discovered in the early 18th century, this beautiful pine tree was stumbled upon by local farmers. The tree trunk is equally divided into three branches and had grown like this, reaching a height of 25 meters! Amazed by its beauty and uniqueness, the tree began to gain recognition. Word of the incredible tree spread across Catalonia. It is said that for years, this pine represented the Holy Trinity. In fact, even the famous Catalan poet Verdaguer mentioned this pine in a short poem of his in 1888!
However, in the 1980´s, the pine ceased to represent religion and converted into a symbol of Catalan nationalism. The tree actually died in the year 1913 but still remains standing. Sadly, one of the branches was destroyed by a group of troublemakers. There is a very strong sense of nationalism felt across Catalonia for its unique identity and culture. In fact, this unique tree was even featured on a postage stamp! This nationalism is what has substituted the religious metaphor of the tree.
Although the pine is in poor condition, a younger version of the pine or ¨El Pi Joven¨ was discovered not far from the original tree and is also parted in three perfect branches. This younger tree is said to be at least 200 years old and stands at 19 meters!
Since the year 1904 this special place has been used for annual political gatherings. However, once the dictator regime of Francisco Franco came into power, the meetings were banned because Catalan nationalism, or any expression of such, was illegal. The meetings resumed once Franco fell out of power. In fact, in 1986 there was record of 14,000 visitors that attended the annual gathering, typically held on the third Sunday of July. The number has since then decreased but the place continues to have political importance. A variety of Catalan political figures have given speeches at this location for its historical symbolism of Catalan culture and nationalism. Hopefully, the young tree will be properly taken care of and respected so the tradition continues to thrive. People from around the world can view the miraculous tree in the beautiful countryside in Northern Catalonia.
|
<urn:uuid:c4936ff1-9c65-43b5-8b0c-7f87d5fc9e18>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.hotelarclarambla.com/ca/the-pine-of-the-three-branches/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976807
| 474
| 2.71875
| 3
|
Books & Music
Food & Wine
Health & Fitness
Hobbies & Crafts
Home & Garden
News & Politics
Religion & Spirituality
Travel & Culture
TV & Movies
Statin Drugs May Treat Breast Cancer
Recent research studies have shown that cholesterol-lowering statins may keep breast cancer at bay in some patients. The research indicates there are certain types of breast cancer tumors that may respond to statin therapy. Statins are a class of drugs that are sometimes prescribed to help a person lower their cholesterol levels.
Mutation Status of p53 Gene
Whether or not breast cancer tumors will respond to statin therapy appears to be linked to the mutation status of the p53 tumor suppressor. The p53 tumor suppressorís job is to regulate cell proliferation and to put the brakes on cancer tumor growth. Certain mutations can affect the p53 suppressorís ability to do itís job, and thatís where the statin drugs come in.
p53 Mutations Trigger Agressive Tumor Growth
More than half of all human cancers carry mutations in the p53 gene. Many of these mutations don't simply disrupt the normal function of p53. They actually give the p53 gene extra power to promote, instead of inhibit, cancer formation. Scientists have observed that mutated forms of p53 lead to much more aggressive cancer tumors (because the p53 canít ďput the brakes onĒ), but have been at a loss to figure out why this is so.
Researchers do know, however, that cells carrying the mutated p53 gene grow in a very disorganized and invasive manner, and this is typical of human breast cancer. In laboratory tests where the levels of the mutant p53 could be lowered, the tumor cells began to reverse their abnormal, aggressive growth. In other words, less mutated p53 equaled less aggressive tumor growth.
Statins May Block Critical Pathway
Further study has shown that the change in tumor growth is regulated by a cholesterol-building pathway. This is the same pathway targeted by cholesterol-lowering statins. When the mutant p53 cells were treated with statins, they stopped their disorganized, invasive growth, and in some cases, even died! The cholesterol-building pathways and mutations in the p53 gene are often present in human breast cancer tumors, which is why this research is so promising.
Statin Prescription Does NOT Mean You Are At Higher Risk
As exciting as this research is, it does not mean that youíre more likely to get breast cancer if you have been prescribed a statin to lower your cholesterol. That was my first thought, until I realized that line of thinking is like mixing apples and oranges. Rather, this is a fascinating coincidence that may someday lead to an excellent tool in the fight against breast cancer.
Content copyright © 2015 by Gail Armanini. All rights reserved.
This content was written by Gail Armanini. If you wish to use this content in any manner, you need written permission. Contact Gail Armanini for details.
Website copyright © 2016 Minerva WebWorks LLC. All rights reserved.
|
<urn:uuid:344b088f-e168-46d4-8698-bb8fdd330ba5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art33340.asp
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00199-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931777
| 640
| 2.21875
| 2
|
UNG $23.96 1.09 (4.77%)
The U.S. Natural Gas ETF, LP
Source: Seeking Alpha
Moreover, wholesale natural gas prices have doubled during the last year, the commodity being now just over $4/Mcf (thousand cubic feet).
Energy experts say prices in the $4 or $5 range won't affect the increasing use of the fuel by consumers and industry since the price was $8 just a few years ago. Gas drilling companies are obviously happy with the rising price and so are leaseholders and states that get revenue based on the market price.
In recent years, natural gas production has increased significantly in the U.S. As a matter of fact, this source of energy is now more accessible and cheaper than 30 years ago. Shale gas discoveries proliferated in North America as hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, a relatively new technology, allowed an efficient way to extract shale gas, producing a cheaper source of energy than oil.
Over the last decade, U.S. shale gas production has increased 12-fold and now comprises about 25% of total U.S. production. Increased dry shale gas production went from 0.39Tcf (trillion cubic feet) in 2000 to 4.80Tcf in 2010, accounting for 23% of U.S. dry gas production. Daily production rates are about 50 to 250Mcf per day. The chart above is depicting last week's natural gas rig count.
To know more about what the natural gas and shale gas will do to change the U.S. economic future, please read my article, Shale Gas Revolution: Greatest Boom Ever For The U.S. Economy?
Japanese companies which have increased use of natural gas to generate electric power since the 2011 tsunami crippled the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, import LNG (liquefied natural gas) for around $16. This represent four times the price for natural gas here in North America.
Natural gas producers are pushing the government to relieve the domestic surplus by allowing more export by getting licenses to build LNG export terminals. So far, Houston-based Cheniere Energy's (NYSEMKT:LNG) Sabine Pass terminal in Cameron Parish, Louisiana, is the only U.S. facility that have received an export license. For more information about LNG export opportunities, see the article Shale Gas Revolution: Top Promising LNG Exports Investments.
The increased price of natural gas will give the producers a better margin to operate and if that trend continues, some higher-operating closed rigs could get re-opened to benefit from the higher prices. This opportunity becomes even more interesting for investors looking to open a position in a stock-related industry.
I believe that the natural gas boom of recent years will eventually force the Government to act and grant export licenses to major producers willing to export LNG.
Disclosure: I have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.
|
<urn:uuid:d2dcf2bd-db3c-4a6d-8464-7d136cbb65d6>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://seekingalpha.com/article/1352321-natural-gas-prices-rise-from-historic-lows-time-to-buy-producer-stocks?source=reuters
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.94044
| 661
| 1.671875
| 2
|
This is an amalgamation of various emails that have been sent in by Tuffy, Nedbank, Woolworths and Caturra Coffee. – mol-d
Many product manufacturers are guilty of ‘greenwashing’ with their claims of green, eco-friendly or organic; misleading consumers into believing they are purchasing green products, when in fact they are buying into marketing claims. This is according to Rory Murray, Marketing Director of Tuffy Brands, who says that the direct dictionary definition of ‘greenwash’ is the act of misleading consumers regarding the environmental practices of a company or the environmental benefits of a product or service. According to TerraChoice Environmental Marketing, in 2009, 98% of all ‘green’ claims made by companies and brands were guilty of one or more of the ‘seven sins of green washing’, which include hidden trade-offs, no proof, vagueness, false labels, irrelevance, lesser of two evils, and fibbing.
“Greenwashing is not a new concept, as consumers have been mislead about the environmental benefits of products and services for years, there is an ever increasing list of dubious marketing practices,” he says. “Green is no longer just a colour but has become a movement to make money. There is no regulation in South Africa to combat these claims and we firmly believe that a regulatory body is needed to monitor claims. Currently the only association taking strides to assist with this is the Advertising Standards Authority and even then the resultant impact is not entirely useful.”
He says that some of South Africa’s brands are entirely guilty of greenwashing with their use of vague claims such as ‘organic’ when their products may contain highly suspicious and harmful chemicals. Other claims include, ‘environmentally friendly’ and even ‘eco-safe’ when, he says, they aren’t. Murray adds that consumers should demand the truth and the whole truth, as false claims amount to fraud. He points out that the most common claim in South Africa sits right within the ‘vagueness sin’ and this is the Mobius loop, the recycling symbol that is intended to mean that the product is made from recycled material. He explains, “This is the nifty little recycling symbol found on almost all packaging but does not have a qualifying statement which makes it completely misleading to the consumer. Does it mean the whole product, or that package or both and is it 100% recycled material or less and is it post-consumer waste or pre-consumer waste? Because there is a big difference.”
Consumers need to be warned he says, against purchasing products that have these symbols on them. Check the content and how it was recycled, only when a product is recycled from a high content of post-consumer waste does it have any claim to be green as it actually has an impact on the environment. “Unfortunately there is no label that exists for this type of information, it seems that it is the consumers responsibility to check the wording on products carefully and make an educated decision themselves based on limited information,” he says. He says that the only way to tell if a product has a genuine green claim is to audit the entire supply line and not just the end product. In terms of recycled content it is important to analyse the raw material input to see what environmental impact the product actually has and ultimately what they are able to claim.
How to spot greenwashing? 1. Read between the labels – check the wording on packaging carefully. In South Africa the green movement is not yet regulated and therefore there are no certification or green seals for products so manufacturers can do pretty much whatever they want. If a product says natural and contains arsenic it doesn’t necessarily mean it is safe. 2. Use common sense – some companies make green claims when you blatantly know that their products are destroying the environment you need to exercise your right to choose. 3. Don’t be fooled and be suspicious – don’t trust anything unless you have verified them yourself. 4. Look out for buzz words – organic, sustainable development, clean, eco-friendly etc.
Companies readily provide details of their green activities and initiatives, which I feel is important as it contributes to an overall ‘green consciousness’. However, it is sometimes difficult (if possible at all) to differentiate between those companies that use ‘greening’ and eco-friendliness as a promotional tool and those that are committed to real change… Below are some examples of South African companies that promote sustainablilty and eco-friendliness… What do you think?
Nedbank Capital has launched South Africa’s first Green Index which serves as a benchmark for environmentally -conscious investors. The Index has the potential to become the industry standard in measuring performance of companies with environmentally sustainable business practices. Nedbank’s commitment to environmental preservation is illustrated through this initiative which tracks the performance of companies selected on environmental criteria primarily including carbon and climate change risks and opportunities. The Nedbank Green Index is a strategic fit with Nedbank’s desire to be a leader in the sustainability space and a key contributor to the Green Economy. It will allow clients who share Nedbank’s aspirations in the Green space to demonstrate this in their investments. The index is rules-based with a clear, transparent methodology based on objective and independent data. The index will be verified by an independent calculation agent on an ongoing basis with daily values published on data service providers such as I-net, Bloomberg and Reuters.
To ensure the objectivity of Nedbank’s Green Index, the Index is built on the Carbon Disclosure Project (“CDP”) database and the UN-register of Clean Development Mechanism (“CDM”) projects in South Africa. The CDP is an independent not-for-profit organisation, based in the United Kingdom, which holds the largest database of corporate climate change commitment and action in the world. The CDP has 551 institutional investors as signatories representing over $71 trillion in assets under management. CDM projects based in South Africa are also incorporated into the rules-based methodology as these represent demonstrable commitments from companies to reducing their carbon impact and growing the Green Economy.
The premise for the Index is that companies who are better positioned for a changing environment are better suited to sustain their future performance and should, over the long-run, outperform their peers. Back-testing of the Index has shown that the Index can outperform the market, as it has done for the past three years – by more than 20%. While the performance of the Nedbank Green Index in relation to the market may vary in the future, what this demonstrates is that investing based on environmental criteria does not have to cost investors in performance. In a single stroke, investors can confidently invest for their own futures and that of our planet. The Index will provide a platform for companies to show off their green credentials and hopefully the Index will encourage other companies to implement more environmentally-sustainable business practices.
Woolworths reduces municipal water consumption by 27 000 kilolitres a year. In another innovation, Woolworths has tapped into an underground water supply to meet some of its daily water needs. Woolworths installed a water treatment system that uses water under their Cape Town Head Office building to flush toilets, run the building’s car wash, the fountain outside the building and the cooling towers for the air conditioning units. This will save the Cape Town municipality an estimated 27 375 000 litres of water a year or 75 000 litres of municipal water a day conserved by Woolworths. In addition, the retailers water bill will be reduced.
The underground water runs about 20 metres under Woolworths Head Office building in the centre of Cape Town. This water flows into the City of Cape Town’s storm water system, and is eventually discharges into the sea. After much enquiry, the source of the underground stream is still somewhat of a mystery. Alex Kuzma, Head of Engineering Services at Woolworths says, “We started investigating this project three years ago. After consulting with the City of Cape Town, and a range of experts, we realised we could harvest the underground water, treat it and use it instead of municipal water. Everyone wins: Woolworths, the City of Cape Town, residents, and importantly, the environment. This is part of our Good Business Journey, which helps to conserve natural resources and conduct business as responsibly as we can. The conservation and management of water is a major focus area of our Good Business Journey programme, as it should be in a country where water is a scarce resource.”
3) Caturra Coffee Company
South Africa’s local coffee market, held at the forefront of ethical sourcing and sustainability, is upping the ante on “green” packaging with the launch of a joint venture between Laskas CC and NatureFlexä Films. Laskas CC’s first client, Caturra Coffee, will introduce the first range of compostable material under the name African Renaissance Coffee® – a new-to-market premium 100% indigenous African origin espresso beans and ground coffee export brand.
“Consumables claim to be green, biodegradable and sustainable, but the Achilles’ heel is usually the packaging,” says Klaus Becker, MD for Caturra Coffee. With Caturra Coffee’s African Renaissance Coffee® and Lasks’ new NatureFlexä, the South African consumer will be able to enjoy premium indigenous African coffee blend products including beans from Ethiopia and Kenya while simultaneously relishing in the knowledge that once the empty pouch has been added to the backyard compost heap, the decomposition process begins almost immediately,” he adds.
NatureFlexä Films can be applied to a broad cross-section of packaging needs ranging from fresh fruit and vegetable packaging, bag making, sugar and chocolate confectionary wrapping to hygiene product packaging, bakery packaging, dried foods packaging, home and personal care packaging, lamination, lidding and reamwrap. The film can appear in either transparent, coloured, white or metallised colouring; is heat sealable for use on horizontal or vertical packaging machines; is static free; has a high heat-resistance, and enjoys a range of barrier properties that compete favourably with conventional OPP, PA and PET films.
“Most packaging materials are technically recyclable,” says Becker, “but how much of it is actually being recycled on a day-to-day basis?” Laskas’ NatureFlexä Films provides an offering that will short circuit the municipal refuse collection and separation process or the need to incinerate, enabling South Africans to take responsibility from beginning to end by disposing of used packaging in their garden compost bins. The films are both biodegradable and home compostable since the primary raw material, wood pulp, is used to produce cellulose acetate, and is sourced from managed forests. Although biodegradability aids the recycling process, plastics, tins, glass and packaging are often recycled away from the home by local municipal authorities or on tender. Home compostability, on the other hand, proclaims its name – allowing packaging to be added directly to home compost with newspaper, wood, organic matter, etc. Compostable packaging therefore becomes the consumer’s ally, helping to fertilise garden foliage and keeps the earthworms happy! “Our green credentials have an exponential knock-on effect,” says Becker.
|
<urn:uuid:809d1fcb-205d-4483-a81f-efdb94faa25f>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.sprig.co.za/2011/08/greenwashing-versus-actual-change/comment-page-1/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725470.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950702
| 2,376
| 2.34375
| 2
|
Twin developments have brought Aristotle’s notion of phronēsis—usually translated as “practical wisdom” or “prudence”—back to the fore in recent years.[i] First, issues like Iraq, climate change, Iran’s nuclear program, and the “rise of the rest,”[ii] have led to a realization of the enduring importance of prudent foreign policy. Meanwhile, an academic revolt against neo-positivism[iii] has led scholars to recover phronēsis as a form of political knowing. In this essay, consequently, I assess the nature of phronēsis in theory and practice. I ask what “phronetic” foreign policy looks like and discuss some examples. Concerned not to lose sight of the context of this re-emergence and what this means for the endeavour, however, I also assess what is at stake in its recovery. This takes us beyond foreign policy, into the relationship between theory and practice, political knowledge and political action.
Phronēsis is one of the intellectual virtues identified by Aristotle in the Nichomachean Ethics.[iv] It is defined in part in contrast to other virtues, most importantly technē and epistēmē. The former is technical know-how, like the skills of the engineer; the latter is scientifically reproducible knowledge, deriveable from first principles. While these ideas remain familiar, phronēsis and its translations have lost much of their meaning. In essence, phronēsis is about knowing the right thing to do in the context at hand, in light of the good—for Aristotle, the pursuit of the good life in a well-functioning polis. The important point is not what phronēsis is, therefore—Aristotle’s notion of the good is equally alien to modern ears,[v] and its applicability to the international realm poses numerous questions—, but in what type of conduct it inheres. A useful example is the way in which a judge adjudicates between competing arguments and evidence,[vi] prudently arriving at the best decision in the circumstances, and in light of possible precedents.
This is a necessarily brief exposition.[vii] Before moving on to examples, however, it is imperative to stress that the concept’s re-emergence has been driven by disciplinary concerns: namely the emerging hegemony of rationalism and neo-positivism in US Political Science[viii] and the marginalization of “reflectivist” approaches.[ix] This led to the Perestroika movement,[x] and a related set of “turns” in IR—historical, constructivist, relational, and aesthetic to name just a few[xi]—the aim of both being to bring back in aspects of political life deliberately sidelined, like the role history, social context, and practices.[xii] It is here that phronēsis attains its prescience.[xiii] The loss of the notion of phronēsis has been viewed by scholars as indicative of a wider lacuna at the heart of the post-modern condition. We view knowledge in purely instrumental terms, betrayed by a firm distinction between “theory” and “practice.”[xiv] Practical knowing is considered undeserving of the label “knowledge,”[xv] which should only be applied to knowledge that is context-free, timeless, and general. “Prudence” itself often refers to the prudent application of knowledge—again, “discovered” outside of a given practice. Contra rationalist approaches, however, phronēsis considers both ends and means in its deliberations. Unlike scientific knowledge, it is not characterized by the putting into practice of knowledge derived outside of it. Whereas unlike technical knowledge, it does not deal in making a new object or world come into being. Instead, phronēsis is prudent action in a world already constituted—taking the world as the policy-maker finds it.
Although it is necessary to make these disciplinary observations, it would be unwise to discount the “real world” influences on the re-emergence of phronēsis: the shadow of Iraq is long here. How did the neo-conservatives get away with such a clearly unprudent foreign policy?[xvi] Let us now turn to examples of phronēsis in action.
Phronetic Foreign Policy: Some (Potential) Examples
The first example is the most obvious and easily defended: the Cuban Missile Crisis.[xvii] The salient decision here is J.F.K.’s imposition of a blockade, coupled with a clear threat to use force should the Soviets fail to comply, rather than that of an aerial bombardment to force a withdrawal of the nuclear missiles. The key point in terms of the decision’s phronetic qualities are the admixture of restraint, compromise, and determination. Kennedy acted with wise restraint, the use of force being rejected as he skilfully put the Third World War ball back into the Soviet Premier’s court—making him take the decision to start hostilities if it should come to it. In this the President had to withstand significant pressure from inside the Executive Committee to strike militarily. Bobby Kennedy also deftly organized an arrangement whereby American Jupiter missiles stationed in Turkey—obsolete in any case—would be removed in return for a commitment not to invade Cuba. However, Kennedy, in close consultation with his brother, showed resolve to reverse Kruschev’s gamble. This helps clarify that phronēsis in international affairs need not therefore equate to passivity. Air-strikes were not only contemplated but actively planned for.[xviii] Contra scholars like Jutta Weldes, who has shown that this threat was socially constructed and not inevitable, a strong response was the prudent thing to do in the circumstances.[xix]
A second example is also drawn from the history of American foreign relations:[xx] the Suez episode of 1956, when the Eisenhower administration sided with Egypt over its allies of Britain, France, and Israel in a militarized dispute over control of the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company. The story is well-known, and need not be rehashed.[xxi] The case for viewing American policy over Suez as an instance of phronēsis rests principally on the ethical dimension of Eisenhower’s decision: Ike chose international principles over alliances—primarily the US-UK “special relationship”—and domestic political concerns—he was seeking re-election and was worried about a potential loss of support from Jewish voters.[xxii] Ike was helped to resist these pressures by British and French duplicity and political ineptitude in concocting a plan to “intervene” between Israel and Egypt to separate the combatants and remove the “threat” to the Suez Canal—even though the Israeli troops never even appeared to threaten the Canal itself. British and French actions were also clearly inappropriate in 1956. As Secretary Humphrey told members of Eisenhower’s cabinet, “it looked as though [the British] were simply trying to reverse the trend away from colonialism, and to turn the clock back fifty years”[xxiii]; this was no longer the 19th century—gunboat diplomacy no longer flew. However discomforting Nasser’s action was, recourse to military means would only have been justified had he engaged in further provocative actions—such as closing the Canal to European nations. This Nasser was careful not to do.
Also of interest in the cases of Suez and Cuba is the relationship between historical knowledge and prudent action—again, historical knowing being relegated to non-knowledge by neo-positivism. Kennedy learnt from the Bay of Pigs fiasco of April 1961 that CIA intelligence estimates and the wishes of his military advisors had to be taken with a large grain of salt. In that case, historical knowing meant doing something differently the next time. Eisenhower, by contrast, resisted the perennial historical “lesson” of not appeasing dictators. During a meeting of US policy-makers on 31 July, for example, “Mr. Allen Dulles said that British comment is full of reference to Hitler’s occupation of the Rhineland.” As the record shows, the argument had no traction in Washington.[xxiv] Phronēsis is not therefore about the “application” of historical knowledge, just as it is not the application of any knowledge “gained” outside of action itself—whether it be a skill à la technical knowledge or scientific “truth.” Knowing and doing, like theory and practice, are false alternatives. Phronēsis is doing the right thing in the right way in the correct (historical) context, where recognizing that context is a facet of phronēsis.
The final example is the American-led intervention in Kosovo in 1999. The case for considering this phronetic is more difficult to make. Criticisms of Operation Allied Force have been powerful:[xxv] with a lower ceiling of 15000 feet for allied planes, the potential for collateral damage—including the Chinese embassy—was greatly enlarged; by circumventing the UN Security Council, a precedent was set which would later be repeated in the case of Iraq; finally, Kosovo was not a clear re-run of Bosnia. Yet, what is worth stressing about the Kosovo case is the timeliness or thickly contextual nature of the action initiated by Clinton and Blair. As such, it reminds us of the fact that phronēsis is a form of action in the world as it is. Critics of the Kosovo intervention then have justified points, but within the context of the violent disintegration of Yugoslavia, preventing further bloodshed was a prudent and necessary response. In short, given that there was no going back to a time before Bosnia, Clinton and co. did what needed to be done.
Conclusion: Phronēsis in Theory and Practice
What I have hoped to do here is to introduce phronēsis to readers unfamiliar with the concept and to draw out some (potential) historical instances of phronetic foreign policy. I do so humbly in the knowledge that some may disagree with my choices, and in the desire to stimulate a debate on what actually counts as phronēsis in world politics. Beyond that, my main claim is that the recovery of phronēsis has been driven by methodological concerns within Political Science. We can hence expect its popularity to wax and wane with its resonance within those debates. It is unlikely that the term will become common parlance, or that prudence will shed the connotations with atheoretical “horse sense”[xxvi] or mere pacificity. We must be careful to not to hope for too much from it since notwithstanding its distinguished heritage it is not an unproblematic philosopher’s stone. What we can hope is that the recovery of phronēsis might help clarify what is really at stake in recent discussions about IR’s policy relevance, and the role of IR theory in international political practice.
In that regard, what is crucial is that phronēsis is a form of knowing characteristic of the prudent policy-maker: the phronimos. Clausewitz’s “genius” general is a good example here: he (sic) recognizes what to do in the fog of war not by applying knowledge gained outside the battle in question, but by employing vision made clear through experience and deep historical study.[xxvii] Again, the importance of non-scientistic modes of study is important here, but of more importance is the point that phronēsis is not of the academy, but of the political world. The key question, therefore, is not how IR scholars can “produce” phronēsis but how we can—alongside other international political knowledge producers—help foster it. Here we come to the importance of pluralism: that phronēsis is more likely to be fostered by different ways of looking at the world, each seeking their own forms of truth, rather than one form of knowledge “winning out” against all others.[xxviii] But again, pluralism is to be understood both in terms of a productive dialogue between different theoretical approaches within IR, but also structurally, in terms of how those various producers of knowledge—academic disciplines, think tanks, religions, and political groups—interact with one another. The aim is to nurture prudent policy-makers, and the spaces within which they can act phronetically, and that means having a multitude of intellectual resources to draw on in the discursive context within which they find themselves.
David McCourt is a Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Sheffield, UK. His principal research interests are in sociological approaches to IR theory; UK, EU, and US foreign policy; and the philosophy of social science. His work has appeared in Review of International Studies, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, and Journal of International Relations and Development, among others.
[i] E.g. Brown 2012a; McCourt 2012; Shapcott 2001.
[ii] Zakaria 2008.
[iii] Jackson 2011.
[iv] Aristotle 1953. I will pass over the question of the relationship between the Eudemian and the Nichomachean Ethics. For those interested, see the Anthony Kenny’s introduction in Aristotle 2011.
[v] See MacIntyre 2007 .
[vi] See Kratochwil 1989.
[vii] This a necessarily brief description of phronēsis. For a fuller treatment in the context of IR, see Shapcott 2001. Gadamer’s discussion in Truth and Method is also indispensable. See Gadamer 1975 and Bernstein 1983.
[viii] Again, it is important to tread carefully here, as this hegemony consists of both statistical methods and game-theoretic approaches that are in fact quite far apart methodologically and epistemologically. See Jackson 2011.
[ix] E.g. constructivism, Marxism, and critical approaches. As so labelled by Robert Keohane. See Keohane 1988. These approaches are largely absent in US IR and its most prestigious publication outlets. See Maliniak et. al. 2011.
[x] A series of exchanges beginning in 2000 among disaffected scholars seeking to defend work that does not seek the context-free, general and abstract knowledge of rational choice/game theory/large-N approaches. See Monroe 2005 and Schram 2006. These were inspired by Bent Flyvbjerg’s Making Social Science Matter. See Flybjerg 2001.
[xi] The reader will hopefully require little introduction to these movements; suffice it to say, the second debate that many thought was over by the 1970s has re-emerged since the 1990s with renewed force—if it ever really went away. See respectively, and necessarily unexhaustively, McCourt 2012; Checkel 1998; Nexon 2009; Bleiker 2001.
[xii] See Knorr and Rosenau 1969. On its re-invigoration, see Kratochwil 2006; Curtis and Koivisto 2010.
[xiii] For an explicit attempt to characterize Hedley Bull’s “classical approach” as phronēsis, see Shapcott 2004.
[xiv] We can see here then the close relationship between the recovery of phronēsis and the “practice” and “pragmatic” turns. See, Adler and Pouliot 2011; Pouliot 2011; Owen 2002; Friedrichs and Kratochwil 2009; Bauer and Brighi 2008. They stress the way in which a romanticized view of scientific knowledge formation has bewitched students of the social sciences, promising “certain” knowledge with sure foundations. On the issue of “foundations” in IR theory, see Brown 1994, and the special issue of International Theory, 1:3, 2009.
[xv] Dewey 1929.
[xvi] The turn to phronēsis then has a similar rationale to the re-emergence of classical realism in IR theory, where an approach once overtaken has been rehabilitated since it seems to speak with prescience to contemporary concerns. See Brown 2012a and 2012b.
[xvii] See Fursenko and Naftali 1998.
[xviii] See the minutes of the Executive Committee of the National Security Council. Available at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/msc_cubamenu.asp, last accessed 12 November 2012.
[xix] Weldes 1999.
[xx] A bias conditioned my own research interests, for which I can only beg forgiveness. I hope these examples are nonetheless illuminating enough for readers with interests in the foreign policies of different states.
[xxi] See Kyle 1991; Lucas 1996 and 1991.
[xxii] Nichols 2011.
[xxiv] See the discussions in FRUS Vol. XVI, Doc. 34 – Memorandum of a Conference with the President, at the White House, July 31, 9.45am, where “numerous differences were cited.”
[xxv] See e.g. Chandler 2002.
[xxvi] Mercado 2009.
[xxvii] See Sumida 2001.
[xxviii] The elephant in the room being, of course, economics and its cousin of rational choice theory. See Amadae 2003; Mudge and Vauchez 2012.
Adler, Emanuel, and Vincent Pouliot, eds. 2012. International Practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Amadae, S.M. 2003. Rationalizing Capitalist Democracy: The Cold War Origins of Rational Choice Liberalism. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Aristotle. 1953. The Nicomachean Ethics. London: Penguin.
Aristotle. 2011. The Eudemian Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bernstein, Richard. 1983. Beyond Objectivism and Relativism: Science, Hermeneutics and Praxis. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Bleiker, Roland. 2001. “The Aesthetic Turn in International Political Theory.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 30 (3): 509-33.
Brown, Chris. 2012a. “The ‘Practice Turn’, Phronesis and Classical Realism: Towards a Phronetic Political Theory?” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 40 (3): 439-56.
Brown, Chris. 2012b. “Realism: Rational or Reasonable?” International Affairs 88 (4): 857-66.
Chandler, David. 2001. From Kosovo to Kabul: Human Rights and International Intervention. London: Pluto.
Checkel, Jeffrey. 1998. “The Constructivist Turn in International Relations Theory.” World Politics 50 (2): 324-48.
Curtis, Simon, and Marjo Koivisto. 2011. “Towards a Second ‘Second Debate’? Rethinking the Relationship between Science and History in International Theory.” International Relations 24 (4): 433-55.
Dewey, John. 1929. The Quest for Certainty. New York: Minton, Balch, and Company.
Fursenko, Aleksandr, and Timoty Naftali. 1998. One Hell of a Gamble: Krushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964. New York: W.W. Norton.
Flyvbjerg, Bent. 2001. Making Social Science Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. 1975. Truth and Method. London: Continuum.
Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus. 2011. The Conduct of Inquiry in International Relations: The Philosophy of Science and Its Implications for the Study of World Politics. New York: Routledge.
Knorr, Klaus, and James N. Rosenau. 1969. Contending Approaches to International Politics. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kyle, Keith. 1991. Suez. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Keohane, Robert O. 1988. “International Institutions: Two Approaches.” International Studies Quarterly 32 (4): 753-75.
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. 2006. “History, Action, and Identity: Revisiting the “Second” Great Debate and Assessing its Importance for Social Theory.” European Journal of International Relations 12 (1): 5-29.
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. 1989. Rules, Norms and Decisions: On the Conditions of Legal and Practical Reasoning in International Relations and Domestic Affairs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lucas, Scott. 1991. Divided We Stand: Britain, the US and the Suez Crisis. London: Hodder and Stoughton.
Lucas, Scott. 1996. Britain and Suez. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
MacIntyre, Alasdair. 2007 . After Virtue. Notre Dame: Notre Dame University Press.
Maliniak, Daniel, Amy Oakes, Susan Peterson and Michael J. Tierney. 2011. “International Relations in the US Academy.” International Studies Quarterly 55 (1): 1-28.
McCourt, David M. 2012. “What’s At Stake in the Historical Turn? Theory, Practice, and Phronēsis in International Relations.” Millennium: Journal of International Studies 41 (1): 23-42.
Mercado, Raymond. 2009. “Keep Muddling Through?” International Theory 1 (3): 478-87.
Monroe, Kristen Renwick. 2005. Perestroika! The Raucous Rebellion in Political Science. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Mudge, Stephanie Lee, and Antoine Vauchez. 2012. “Building Europe on a Weak Field: Law, Economics, and Scholarly Avatars in Transnational Politics.” American Journal of Sociology 118 (2): 449-92.
Nexon, Daniel H. 2009. The Struggle for Power in Early Modern Europe: Religious Conflict, Dynastic Empires, and International Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Nichols, David A. 2011. Eisenhower, 1956: The President’s Year of Crisis: Suez and the Brink of War. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Pouliot, Vincent. 2010. International Security in Practice: The Politics of NATO-Russia Diplomacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pouliot, Vincent. 2008. “The Logic of Practicality: A Theory of Practice of Security Communities.” International Organization 62: 257-88.
Schram, Sanford, and Brian Caterino. 2006. Making Political Science Matter. New York: New York University Press.
Shapcott, Richard. 2004. “IR as Practical Philosophy: Defining a ‘Classical Approach’.” British Journal of Politics and International Relations 6: 271-91.
Shapcott, Richard. 2001. Justice, Community, and Dialogue in International Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sumida, Jon Tetsuro. 2001. “The Relationship of History and Theory in On War: The Clausewitzian Ideal and Its Implications.” The Journal of Military History 65 (2): 333-54.
Weldes, Jutta. 1999. Constructing National Interests: The United States and the Cuban Missile Crisis. Minneapolis: University of Minnsota Press.
Zakaria, Fareed. 2009. The Post-American World: and the Rise of the Rest. New York: Penguin.
|
<urn:uuid:e4d1dacb-c673-430f-add7-150fc075d55c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.e-ir.info/2012/11/23/phronesis-and-foreign-policy-in-theory-and-practice/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900586
| 5,003
| 1.867188
| 2
|
The American Journal of Human Genetics, doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.01.019
A Bayesian Evaluation of Human Mitochondrial Substitution Rates
Phillip Endicott and Simon Y.W. Ho
Accurate estimates of mitochondrial substitution rates are central to molecular studies of human evolution, but meaningful comparisons of published studies are problematic because of the wide range of methodologies and data sets employed. These differences are nowhere more pronounced than among rates estimated from phylogenies, genealogies, and pedigrees. By using a data set comprising mitochondrial genomes from 177 humans, we estimate substitution rates for various data partitions by using Bayesian phylogenetic analysis with a relaxed molecular clock. We compare the effect of multiple internal calibrations with the customary human-chimpanzee split. The analyses reveal wide variation among estimated substitution rates and divergence times made with different partitions and calibrations, with evidence of substitutional saturation, natural selection, and significant rate heterogeneity among lineages and among sites. Collectively, the results support dates for migration out of Africa and the common mitochondrial ancestor of humans that are considerably more recent than most previous estimates. Our results also demonstrate that human mitochondrial genomes exhibit a number of molecular evolutionary complexities that necessitate the use of sophisticated analytical models for genetic analyses.
|
<urn:uuid:1c788e89-48f6-4de8-a7d9-be93aed98c2f>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/04/mtdna-time-depth-of-humanity-more.html?showComment=1207065420000
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.85612
| 262
| 1.96875
| 2
|
Digitalization of education and the fight against the social crisis generated by COVID-19
Authors: Guillermo Rodríguez Martínez
Genoveva Ponce Buenestado
Centro de Formacion PADRE PIQUER
Visors made with 3D Printer to combat the Health Crisis
Teachers and students of the Padre Piquer Training Center come together to manufacture during confinement Protective Visors for health personnel and services.
What is the Maker Community?
The changeling of the educational model in Spain after the appearance of COVID-19
What can education do to combat the digital divide?
The digital divide. Has been increased after this pandemic situation?
What can administrations, social organizations and educational centers do?
The difficulties that the pandemic has generated are added to those that already existed before regarding loss of employment, lack of family income, poor housing conditions, lack of basic food, hygiene, etc.
It is evident that to try to reverse these situations, the contribution of many people and institutions, public and private, in a network is needed, each one contributing their best resources and experience.
This new different view of the innovative school encourages students to discover things for themselves. They can quickly access to information and approach new technologies with their own criteria; so that is personalized learning, etc.,
|
<urn:uuid:abab16bb-80ea-491b-bee0-d8b1dd042591>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.eddie-erasmus.eu/2021/04/27/blog-18-piquer/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934622
| 285
| 2.9375
| 3
|
|The execution of 38 Sioux at Mankato, Minnesota on December 26, 1862, The Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trial and Lieutenant William Calley|
|Legal Advice | Find a lawyer | Famous Trials | Judgments | forms | PIL | family law | Cyber Law | Law Forum | Income-Tax | Consumer laws | Company laws|
|The Leopold And Loeb Trial | Trials of Oscar Wilde | Bartolomeo Vanzetti & Nicola Sacco | An Account of Events in Salem | The Eichmann Trial|
The execution of 38 Sioux at Mankato, Minnesota on December 26, 1862Records of Trials
Causes of War
Were the Trials Unfair? The Dakota Conflict Trials by Douglas Linder* (c) 1999
A framed photograph of the scene depicted on this homepage, the execution of thirty-eight Sioux on December 26, 1862, used to fascinate me when, as a boy in Mankato, Minnesota, I would visit the Blue Earth County Historical Museum. Apart from its macabre appeal, the picture impressed me because it captured the most famous event in the history of my hometown** (easily surpassing in significance the death there of an obscure Vice President who died while changing trains on his way to the Black Hills). The hanging, following trials which condemned over three hundred participants in the 1862 Dakota Conflict, stands as the largest mass execution in American history. Only the unpopular intervention of President Lincoln saved 265 other Dakota from the fate met by the less fortunate thirty-eight. The mass hanging was the concluding scene in the opening chapter of a story of American-Sioux conflict that would not end until the Seventh Calvary completed its massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890.
The Dakota Conflict Trialsby Douglas Linder
A framed photograph of the scene depicted on this homepage, the execution of thirty-eight Sioux on December 26, 1862, used to fascinate me when, as a boy in Mankato, Minnesota, I would visit the Blue Earth County Historical Museum. Apart from its macabre appeal, the picture impressed me because it captured the most famous event in the history of my hometown (easily surpassing in significance the death there of an obscure Vice President who died while changing trains on his way to the Black Hills). The hanging, following trials which condemned over three hundred participants in the 1862 Dakota Conflict, stands as the largest mass execution in American history. Only the unpopular intervention of President Lincoln saved 265 other Dakota and mixed-bloods from the fate met by the less fortunate thirty-eight. The mass hanging was the concluding scene in the opening chapter of a story of American-Sioux conflict that would not end until the Seventh Calvary completed its massacre at Wounded Knee, South Dakota, on December 29, 1890.
In 1862 the Sioux Nation stretched from the Big Woods of Minnesota to the Rocky Mountains. There were seven Sioux tribes, including three western tribes, collectively called the Lakota, and four eastern tribes living in Minnesota and the eastern Dakotas called the Dakota. About 7,000 members of the four Dakota tribes lived on a reservation bordering what was in 1862 the frontier, the Minnesota River in southwestern Minnesota. The Dakota Conflict (or Dakota War or Sioux Uprising) involved primarily the two southernmost Dakota tribes, the Mdewakantons and Wahpekutes. Tribes consisted of bands, each with a leader or chief. The Mdewakantons, for example, were divided into nine bands. A majority of the 4,000 members of the two northern tribes, the Sissetons and the Wahpetons, were opposed to the fighting. A large number of Sissetons and Wahpetons had been converted both to farming and Christianity, and had both moral objections and strong reasons of self-interest for keeping peace with the whites. In addition to pure-blood Indians, there were many so-called mixed-bloods, the products of relationships between Indians and settlers. A majority of mixed-bloods sided with whites or avoided participation in the Conflict altogether.
A decade before the Dakota Conflict, the Minnesota Territory, stretching from the upper Mississippi to the Missouri River, was still mostly Indian country. The conifer forest and lakes of Northern Minnesota belonged to the Ojibway (or Chippewa), while the deciduous forests and prairie of southern Minnesota was shared by the Dakota and a much smaller number of Winnebago. In 1851, however, the Dakota by treaty agreed to give up most of southern Minnesota. The land was ceded to the United States in return for two twenty-mile wide by seventy-mile long reservations along the Minnesota River and annuity payments totaling $1.4 million dollars over a fifty-year period. Seven years later, in exchange for increased annuity payments, the Dakota ceded about half of their reservation land. [LINK TO MAP SHOWING RESERVATION LAND]
The causes of the the Dakota Conflict are many and complex. The treaties of 1851 and 1858 contributed to tensions by undermining the Dakota culture and the power of chieftains, concentrating malcontents, and leading to a corrupt system of Indian agents and traders. Annuity payments reduced the once proud Dakota to the status of dependents. They reduced the power of chiefs because annuity payments were made directly to individuals rather than through tribal structures. They created bitterness because licensed traders sold goods to Indians at 100% to 400% profit and frequently took "claims" for money from individual Dakota paid out of tribal funds. No effective means of legal recourse was known to wronged Dakota, leading to talk among some of the only means of dispute resolution with which they were familiar: robbery and violence. The fact that the Dakota people were squeezed into a small fraction of their former lands made it easy, according to Minnesota historian William Folwell, "for malcontents to assemble frequently to growl and fret together over grievances."
Annuity payments for the Dakota were late in the summer of 1862. An August 4, 1862 confrontation between soldiers and braves at the Upper Agency at Yellow Medicine led to a decision to distribute provisions on credit to avoid violence. At the Lower Agency at Redwood, however, things were handled differently. At an August 15, 1862 meeting attended by Dakota representatives, Indian Agent Thomas Galbraith, and representatives of the traders, the traders resisted pleas to distribute provisions held in agency warehouses to starving Dakota until the annuity payments finally arrived. Trader Andrew Myrick summarized his position in the bluntest possible manner: "So far as I am concerned, if they are hungry, let them eat grass." Unbeknownst to those gathered at the Lower Agency, the long delayed 1862 annuity payments were already on their way to the Minnesota frontier. On August 16, a keg with $71,000 worth of gold coins reached St. Paul. The next day the keg was sent to Fort Ridgely for distribution to the Dakota. It arrived a few hours too late to prevent an unprecedented outbreak of violence.
On Sunday, August 17, four Dakota from a breakaway band of young malcontents were on a hunting trip when they came across some eggs in a hen's nest along the fence line of a settler's homestead. When one of the four took the eggs, another of the group warned him that the eggs belonged to a white man. The first young man became angry, dashed the eggs to the ground, and accused the other of being afraid of white men, even though half-starved. Apparently to disprove the accusation of cowardice, the other Dakota said that to show he was not afraid of white men he would go the house and shoot the owner. He challenged the others to join him. Minutes later three white men, a white woman, and a fifteen-year old white girl lay dead.
Big Eagle, a Dakota Chief, recounted what happened after the young men reached Chief Shakopee's camp late on the night of August 17:
The tale told by the young men created the greatest excitement. Everybody was waked up and heard it. Shakopee took the young men to Little Crow's house (two miles above the agency), and he sat up in bed and listened to their story. He said war was now declared. Blood had been shed, the payment would be stopped, and the whites would take a dreadful vengeance because women had been killed. Wabasha. Wacouta, myself and others still talked for peace, but nobody would listen to us, and soon the cry was "Kill the whites and kill all these cut-hairs who will not join us." A council was held and war was declared. Parties formed and dashed away in the darkness to kill settlers. The women began to run bullets and the men to clean their guns....
At this time my village was up on Crow creek, near Little Crow's. I did not have a very large band -- not more than thirty or forty fighting men. Most of them were not for the war at first, but nearly all got into it at last. A great many members of the other bands were like my men; they took no par in the first movements, but afterward did. The next morning, when the force started down to attack the agency, I went along.... The killing was nearly all done when I got there. Little Crow was on the ground directing operations. I saw all the dead bodies at the agency. Mr. Andrew Myrick, a trader, with an Indian wife, had refused some hungry Indians credit a short time before when they asked him for provisions. He said to them; "Go and eat grass." Now he was lying on the ground dead, with his mouth stuffed full of grass, and the Indians were saying tauntingly: "Myrick is eating grass himself." When I returned to my village that day I found that many of my band had changed their minds about the war, and wanted to go into it. All the other villagers were the same way.[Big Eagle's Account, Through Dakota Eyes]
Events moved quickly. Forty-four Americans were killed and another ten captured in the first full day of fighting in and around the Lower Agency at Redwood. Nearly two hundred additional whites died over the next few days as Dakota massacred farm families and attacked Fort Ridgely and the town of New Ulm. Panicking settlers fled eastward from twenty-three counties, leaving the southwestern Minnesota frontier largely depopulated except for the barricaded fortifications at Fort Ridgely and New Ulm. On August 23, a second Dakota attack on New Ulm leaves most of the town burned to the ground, and 2,000 refugees, mostly women, children, and wounded men, set of in wagons and on foot for Mankato, thirty miles away. On August 26, three days after Governor Alexander Ramsey appointed Colonel Henry Sibley, a former governor, to command American forces that would attempt to suppress the uprising, Sibley advanced from the east with 1,400 soldiers toward Fort Ridgely. The next day, Sibley and his men succeeded in lifting the Dakota siege at Fort Ridgely, and the second phase of the Dakota Conflict-- an organized American military effort to defeat and punish the Sioux-- began.
The Dakota offensive continued to achieve success through early September. At dawn on September 2 at Birch Coulee Creek, Dakota warriors attacked a 170-man party of soldiers sent out to bury the bodies of settlers, killing twenty soldiers and ninety horses. Other Dakota attacks were made at Acton, Hutchinson, and Fort Abercrombie. Little Crow is generally acknowledged to have been the leader of the warring Dakota, but Chiefs Mankato, Big Eagle, Shakopee and others played significant leadership roles.
By mid-September, the initiative had shifted to the American forces. On September 23, in the decisive Battle of Wood Lake, 700 to 1,200 Dakota warriors were forced to withdraw after suffering heavy casualties. Meanwhile, divisions among Dakota on the war increased. To the north, chiefs of the Upper Agency Sisseton and Wahpeton continued to oppose the fighting. Chiefs Red Iron and Standing Buffalo threatened to fire upon any of Little Crow's followers that entered their territory. During the Wood Lake Battle, "friendlies" (Dakota opposed to the war) were able to seize control of white captives and bring them into their own camp. In late September, the friendlies released 269 white prisoners to the control of Colonel Sibley. Penned in to the north and south, facing severe food shortages and declining morale, many Dakota warriors chose to surrender. Together with those taken captive, the ranks of Dakota prisoners soon swelled to 1,250. A decision had to be made soon what to do with them.[LINK TO CARTOON STORY ABOUT WOOD LAKE BATTLE AND SURRENDER]
On September 28, 1862, Colonel Sibley appointed a five-member military commission to "try summarily" Dakota and mixed-bloods for "murder and other outrages" committed against Americans. Whether Sibley had authority to appoint such a commission is a matter of substantial dispute. The commission was convened immediately, meeting in La Bathe's log kitchen near Camp Release. [PHOTO OF LOG COURTHOUSE] Sixteen trials were conducted the first day, convicting and sentencing to death ten prisoners and acquitting another six. Over the six weeks that followed, the military court would try a total of 393 cases, convicting 323 and sentencing 303 to death by hanging. Reverend Stephen Riggs, a man who spoke Dakota and was not unsympathetic to their plight, reportedly served as a virtual grand jury, gathering evidence and witnesses.
The trials were quick affairs, getting quicker as they progressed. The commission heard nearly forty cases on November 3, the last day it met. The commission believed that mere participation in a battle justified a death sentence, so in the many cases, perhaps two-thirds of the total, where the prisoner admitted firing shots it proceeded to a guilty verdict in a matter of a few minutes. Somewhat more deliberation was required for trials in which the charge was the murder or rape of settlers, because admissions were much rarer in these cases. After the defendant gave whatever response he cared to make to the charge, prosecution witnesses were called. Where prosecution witnesses contradicted the testimony of the defendant, the commission almost invariably found the prisoner to be guilty. The best witnesses for the prosecution turned out to be some of the accused. A mixed-blood named Godfrey, or Otakle, who was the first prisoner tried [GODFREY'S CASE], gave evidence in fifty-five cases and was described by Recorder Isaac Heard as "the greatest institution of the commission." With his "melodious voice" and "remarkable memory" he seemed to Heard "specifically designed as an instrument of justice." [HEARD'S ACCOUNT OF TRIALS]
Many questions have been raised about the fairness of the trials. In addition to concerns about the sufficiency of the evidence supporting convictions and the rapidity of trials, commission members have been suspected of harboring prejudice against the defendants. The commission members, though believed men of integrity, were also military men whose troops had recently been under attack by the very men whose cases they were judging. Others critics of the trials have argued that the commission was wrong to treat the defendants as common criminals rather than as the legitimate belligerents of a sovereign power or that the trials should have been conducted in state courts using normal rules of crimainal procedure rather than by military commission. Each of these suggestions is debatable. [WERE THE TRIALS FAIR?]
Colonel Sibley may well have viewed summary trials by a commission as necessary to avoid vigilante justice by angry mobs of Minnesotans. As it was, the 303 condemned prisoners were attacked in New Ulm on November 9 as they being transported to Mankato to await their execution [SKETCH OF ATTACK IN NEW ULM]. Another planned attack of the prison camp by several hundred armed local citizens on December 4 was foiled by soldiers guarding the Dakota prisoners.
The final decision on whether to go ahead with the planned mass execution of the 303 Dakota and mixed-bloods rested with President Lincoln. General John Pope, having been sent to Minnesota after his defeat at Bull Run, campaigned by telegraph for the speedy execution of all the condemned. Virtually all of the editorial writers, politicians, and citizens of Minnesota agreed with Pope. One of the few who did not was Henry Whipple, the Episcopal Bishop of Minnesota. Whipple traveled to Washington to meet with Lincoln and discuss the causes of the Dakota Conflict. By Lincoln's own account, the visit impressed him deeply and he pledged to reform Indian affairs. Lincoln knew well that the lust for Dakota blood could not be ignored; to prevent any executions from going forward might well have condemned all 303 to death at mob hands. Lincoln asked two clerks to go through the commission's trial records and identify those prisoners convicted of raping women or children. They found only two [cases 2 and 4]. Lincoln then asked his clerks to search the records a second time and identify those convicted of participating in the massacres of settlers. This time the clerks came up with the thirty-nine names included in Lincoln's handwritten order of execution written on December 6, 1862. [PHOTO OF LINCOLN'S ORDER]
In Mankato, at ten a. m. on December 26, thirty-eight (one person was reprieved between the date of Lincoln's order and the execution) prisoners wearing white muslin coverings and singing Dakota death songs were led to gallows in a circular scaffold and took the places assigned to them on the platform. Ropes were placed around each of the thirty-eight necks. At the signal of three drumbeats, a single blow from an ax cut the rope that held the platform and the prisoners (except for one whose rope had broke, and who consequently had to be restrung) fell to their deaths. A loud cheer went up from the thousands of spectators gathered to witness the event. The bodies were buried in a mass grave on the edge of town. Soon area doctors, including one named Mayo, arrived to collect cadavers for their medical research. [ACCOUNT OF EXECUTIONS]
In April, 1863, Congress enacted a law providing for the forcible removal from Minnesota of all Sioux. Most Dakota, after suffering through a harsh Minnesota winter at a Fort Snelling encampment [PHOTO OF ENCAMPMENT], are moved to South Dakota. Prisoners previously held at Mankato were transported on the steamboat "Favorite" down the Mississippi to Camp McClellan, near Davenport, Iowa. On March 22, 1866, President Andrew Johnson ordered the release of the 177 surviving prisoners. They were moved to the Santee Reservation near Niobrara, Nebraska.
Little Crow was not among the Dakota tried by the military commission. He, along with 150 or so of his followers, fled to present-day North Dakota and Canada. In June 1863, Little Crow returned to Minnesota on a horse-stealing foray. On July 3, Little Crow was shot by a farmer while picking berries with his son near Hutchinson. The farmer received a $500 reward from the state.
The Sioux Wars went on for many years. A military expedition carried the fighting into the Dakota Territory in 1863 and 1864. As the frontier moved westward, new fighting erupted. Finally, in 1890 at Wounded Knee, the generation of warfare that began at Acton, Minnesota in August of 1862 came to an end.
The Chicago Seven Conspiracy TrialWhat did it all mean? Was the Chicago Seven Trial merely, as one commentator suggested, "a monumental non-event"? Was it, as others argue, an important battle for the hearts and minds of the American people? Or is it best seen as a symbol of the conflicts of values that characterized the late sixties? These are some of the questions that surround one of the most unusual courtroom spectacles in American history, the 1969-70 trial of seven radicals accused of conspiring to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
The Chicago Seven Conspiracy Trialby Douglas O. Linder
What did it all mean? Was the Chicago Seven Trial merely, as one commentator suggested, "a monumental non-event"? Was it, as others argue, an important battle for the hearts and minds of the American people? Or is it best seen as a symbol of the conflicts of values that characterized the late sixties? These are some of the questions that surround one of the most unusual courtroom spectacles in American history, the 1969-70 trial of seven radicals accused of conspiring to incite a riot at the 1968 Democratic National Convention in Chicago.
Culturally and politically, 1968 was one of the most turbulent years America has ever seen. As the Vietnam war became the longest war in U. S. history, American casualties passed the 30,000 mark. When the Viet Cong mounted their Tet offensive, anti-war protests grew larger and louder on college campuses. At Columbia, students seized the office of the President and held three persons hostage to protest the school's ties to the defense Department. Two Jesuit priests, Phil and Daniel Berrigan, burned hundreds of draft records at a Selective Service center in Maryland. Following the April assassination of Martin Luther King in Memphis, riots erupted in 125 cities leaving 46 dead. After Senator Eugene McCarthy challenged incumbent President Lyndon Johnson over his support of the war, Johnson withdrew from the race. Senator Robert Kennedy entered the race after Johnson's withdrawl, only to be shot and killed on the night in June that he won the California primary. "Hair," a controversial new musical about draftees and flower children, introduced frontal nudity to large audiences. Feminists picketed the Miss America pageant, black students demanded Black Studies programs, and Eldridge Cleaver published "Soul on Ice."
Also in 1968, two groups met to discuss using the upcoming Democratic National Convention in Chicago to highlight their opposition to the Viet Nam War and establishment values. Although there was some loose coordination between the two groups, they had different leadership, different agendas, and favored different forms of protest and demonstrations. The more politically focused of the two groups was the National Mobilization to End the War in Vietnam (MOBE). The group more focused on promoting an uninhibited lifestyle was the Youth International Party (YIPPIES). In addition to these two groups, organizations such as the Black Panther Party and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference also planned to have representatives in Chicago to press their complaints concerning racism in American policies and politics.
Rennie Davis, the national coordinator for MOBE at the time of the Convention, first announced his intentions to come to the Democratic National Convention at a meeting of a group called "The Resistance" in November, 1967, at Judd Hall at the University of Chicago. Davis told the group that he "wanted the world to know that there are thousands of young people in this country who do not want to see a rigged convention rubber-stamp another four years of Lyndon Johnson's war." Three months later the newly-formed MOBE held a planning meeting in Chicago to debate four alternative strategies for the upcoming Democratic Convention: a mass disruption strategy, a strategy of uniting behind a peace candidate such as Senator Eugene McCarthy, a "stay home" strategy, and a strategy of bringing as many anti-war people as possible to Chicago for demonstrations and teach-ins. The group of about forty, including attendees Davis and Tom Hayden, generally supported the fourth strategy. In March of 1968, MOBE sponsored another meeting, this one at Lake Villa, a YMCA Camp near Chicago, to discuss plans for August. About 200 persons, including Chicago Seven defendants David Dellinger, Rennie Davis, Tom Hayden, Abbie Hoffman, and Jerry Rubin, attended the meeting. A twenty-one page document, authored by Hayden and Davis, was distributed at the meeting. The document recommended non-violence.
Meanwhile, another group was making its own plans for Chicago. The "YIPPIES" were born, and plans for a "Festival of Life" in Chicago first discussed, in December 1967. Plans for the Festival of Life, as they were developed by Yippie founders Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, called for a "festival of youth, music, and theater." In January, the Yippies released an initial call to come to Chicago, called "A STATEMENT FROM YIP":
"Join us in Chicago in August for an international festival of youth, music, and theater. Rise up and abandon the creeping meatball! Come all you rebels, youth spirits, rock minstrels, truth-seekers, peacock-freaks, poets, barricade-jumpers, dancers, lovers and artists!
"It is summer. It is the last week in August, and the NATIONAL DEATH PARTY meets to bless Lyndon Johnson. We are there! There are 50,000 of us dancing in the streets, throbbing with amplifiers and harmony. We are making love in the parks. We are reading, singing, laughing, printing newspapers, groping, and making a mock convention, and celebrating the birth of FREE AMERICA in our own time.
"Everything will be free. Bring blankets, tents, draft-cards, body-paint, Mr. Leary's Cow, food to share, music, eager skin, and happiness. The threats of LBJ, Mayor Daley, and J. Edgar Freako will not stop us. We are coming! We are coming from all over the world!
"The life of the American spirit is being torn asunder by the forces of violence, decay, and the napalm-cancer fiend. We demand the Politics of Ecstasy! We are the delicate spores of the new fierceness that will change America. We will create our own reality, we are Free America! And we will not accept the false theater of the Death Convention.
"We will be in Chicago. Begin preparations now! Chicago is yours! Do it!"
Hoffman and Rubin continued, over the next several months leading up to the Convention, to propose ever more wild plans for the Festival of Life. Rubin announced plans to nominate a pig, Pigasus the Immortal, for President. Hoffman talked about a demonstration of public fornication, calling it a "fuck-in." A Yippie Program, distributed in August of 1968, urged Festival attendees to bring "sleeping bags, extra food, blankets, bottles of fireflies, cold cream, lots of handkerchiefs and canteens to deal with pig spray, love beads, electric toothbrushes, see-through blouses, manifestos, magazines, and tenacity." The program promised poetry readings, mass meditation, "political arousal speeches," fly casting exhibitions, rock music, and "a dawn ass-washing ceremony." There were also activities mentioned in the program that were somewhat problematic for the alleged conspirators' trial defense:
"Psychedelic long-haired mutant-jissomed peace leftists will consort with known dope fiends, spilling out onto the sidewalks in pornape disarray each afternoon....Two-hundred thirty rebel cocksmen under secret vows are on a 24-hour alert to get the pants of the daughters and wifes and kept women of the convention delegates."
At trial, Hoffman suggested that the proposal of outlandish events in the Yippie program and in speeches by Yippie leaders was simply a way of having "fun." He said that no one was expected to take the events seriously [link to Hoffman testimony].
Chicago officials, led by Mayor Richard Daley, saw the Democratic National Convention as a grand opportunity to promote their city to the world. They resolved not to have anti-war demonstrators spoil their plans. Pre-Convention sparring between the City and protest groups concerned the request of the Yippies to allow demonstrators to sleep in city parks. City Administrator Stahl indicated on August 5, 1968 that the request for permission to sleep in the parks would be denied and that an 11 P.M. curfew would be enforced. On August 23, officials ordered city police to post signs in parks announcing the curfew. As the Convention opening approached, Daley put the city's 12,000 police officers on twelve-hour shifts. In addition, 7.500 Army troops and 6,000 national guardsmen, requested by Daley to aid in keeping order, arrived in Chicago.
In late August, mostly student-age anti-war and counter-culture activists began arriving in Chicago. Several thousand would eventually participate in the Convention week protests (a number far below the 100,000-person estimate that some organizers had predicted). Several days before the convention, demonstration leaders began holding classes in Lincoln Park on karate, snake dancing, and other means of self-defense. Preparations were woefully inadequate for the level of police violence that demonstrators would face. On Friday, August 23, MOBE learned that a federal district judge had denied their request for an injunction that would have forced the city to allow use of the parks after 11 P. M.
The next day radical leaders held a contentious meeting to discuss whether demonstrators should abide by the city's curfew. Among those favoring compliance with the curfew was Jerry Rubin; among those urging violation of the curfew was Abbie Hoffman. The first significant confrontations between demonstrators and protesters occurred that night. Some people were tear-gassed. A more serious confrontation with police was avoided when poet Allen Ginsberg led demonstrators out of Lincoln Park "Om-ing" (chanting "Ommmmmm").
Sunday, August 25 was to be the much heralded "Festival of Life" featuring rock music and Yippie revelry. Only the band MC5 showed up, but even they were reluctant to perform. They feared that police would destroy their sound system. The young people who gathered in the park on Sunday evening handed out flowers, smoked pot, made out, and listened to poetry. About 10:30, a police officer with a bullhorn walked through the park saying, "The park is closing. If you stay in the park, you'll be arrested." Some young people, most of them local "greasers" rather than out-of-town protesters, threw objects at a police car. At 11 P. M., police charged into the people still in the park, teargassing them and hitting them with billy clubs. The clearing of the park continued for hours. Some kids ran around smashing car windows and vandalizing buildings.
Police cracked more heads and fired more tear-gas grenades again the next night. They attacked about 3,000 demonstrators gathered in the southeastern corner of Lincoln Park shortly after the 11 P. M. curfew. Testifying later about that night, Robert Pierson, an undercover officer working as Hoffman's bodyguard, said that the Yippie leader announced, "We're going to hold the park. We're going to fuck up the pigs and the Convention." Shortly after midnight, Tom Hayden became the first of the alleged conspirators to be arrested. An officer potted Hayden letting the air out of the tires of a police car. A half hour later, Rennie Davis (according to a prosecution undercover witness) stood at the barricades in Lincoln Park with a megaphone shouting at people to "fight the pigs."
August 27 was another wild day in Chicago. It began with a sunrise service of chants, prayers, and meditation in Lincoln Park, led by Allen Ginsberg. Bobby Seale arrived in Chicago and addressed a crowd of about 2,000 in Lincoln Park. His speech, advocating a violent response to police, was later made the basis for charging him with a violation of the 1968 Anti-Riot Act. Abbie Hoffman, furious with MOBE for its continued advocacy of non-violence, allegedly met with the Blackstone Rangers to persuade them to come to the park with weapons that night. In the Chicago Coliseum, about 4,000 persons gathered to hear David Dellinger, folk singer Phil Ochs, novelist William Burroughs and a variety of other peace movement celebrities. Shortly after 11 P. M., the nightly routine of clubbing and tear-gassing repeated in the park. Some enraged demonstrators smashed windows and streetlights.
Convention week violence peaked on Wednesday, August 28. The day began with Abbie Hoffman being arrested while having breakfast and charged with public indecency for having written the word "Fuck" on his forehead. (Hoffman said he did so to discourage the press from photographing him.) In the afternoon, Dellinger, Seale, Davis, and Hayden addressed 10,000 to 15,000 demonstrators at the bandshell in Grant Park, opposite the Convention's headquarters hotel, the Conrad Hilton. Tom Hayden allegedly tell the audience: "Make sure that if blood is going to flow, let it flow all over the city. If we're going to be disrupted and violated, let the whole stinking city be disrupted. I'll see you in the streets!" Around 3 P.M., some people in the crowd lowered an American flag from a flagpole and attempt to raise a red flag in its place. When the police move in to retrieve the American flag, Jerry Rubin yelled "Kill the pigs! Kill the cops!" In another incident, Rennie Davis was clubbed into unconsciousness, taken to a hospital, then covered with a sheet and moved from room to room in a successful effort to foil police who planned to arrest Davis during a search of the hospital. That evening, in the Chicago Amphitheatre, Democrats nominated Hubert Humphrey as their candidate for President. Police stopped a nighttime march of about 1,500 people to the Amphitheatre. They attacked demonstrators with tear gas and clubs at numerous street intersections in the area.
The clubbing and the tear-gassing finally let up on Thursday, but protest activities continued. Senator Eugene McCarthy and comedian Dick Gregory were among those who addressed a crowd in Grant Park. Police undercover officer Irwin Bock met in the park with John Froines and Lee Weiner. Froines allegedly said that the demonstrators needed more ammunition to use against police. Weiner reportedly then suggested Molotov cocktails, adding that a good tactic might be to pick a target in the Loop and bomb it. Weiner told Bock and others to get the bottles, sand, rags, and gasoline necessary to make the Molotov cocktails.
Until enactment of the 1968 Civil Rights Act, rioting and incitement to riot was a strictly local law enforcement issue. Congress, however, felt compelled to respond to the ever-increasing numbers of anti-war protests around the country. The new law made it a federal crime to cross state lines with the intent to incite a riot. Even after passage of the law, Attorney General Ramsey Clark and the Justice Department were reluctant to enforce the new provisions. Clark viewed what had happened in Chicago as primarily a police riot. The Attorney General expressed more interest in prosecuting police officers for brutality than in prosecuting demonstrators for rioting.
The Justice Department's lack of interest in prosecuting protest leaders outraged Chicago Mayor Richard Daley. Daley convinced a close friend and federal judge, William Campbell, to summon a grand jury to consider possible violations of the anti-riot law. On March 20, 1969, the jury returned indictments against eight demonstrators, balanced exactly by indictments against eight police officers. The eight indicted demonstrators included Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, Lee Weiner, and Bobby Seale. By the time the grand jury returned its indictments, the Nixon Administration had begun. The new attorney general, John Mitchell, exhibited none of his predecessor's reluctance about prosecuting demonstrators. Mitchell gave the green light to prosecute.
On September 24, 1969, thirteen months after the riots that shocked America, the trial of the so-called "Chicago Eight" began in the oak-panelled, twenty-third-floor courtroom of Judge Julius Hoffman. The 300 members of the panel of potential jurors were overwhelmingly white, middle-class and middle-aged. They reminded author and trial observer J. Anthony Lukas of "the Rolling Meadows Bowling League lost on their way to the lanes." Defense attorneys William Kunstler and Leonard Weinglass submitted to Judge Hoffman a list of fifty-four proposed questions for potential jurors. They believed that the questions might aid them in their use of juror challenges by revealing cultural biases. Among the questions the defense attorneys wanted to ask jurors were: "Do you know who Janis Joplin and Jimi Hendrix are?", "Would you let your son or daughter marry a Yippie?", and "If your children are female, do they wear brassieres all the time?" Judge Hoffman rejected all but one of the proposed questions, asking the jurors only "Are you, or do you have any close friends or relatives who are employed by any law enforcement agencies?" (Later, the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals would cite the judge's refusal to allow inquiry into the potential cultural biases of jurors as a ground for reversing all convictions.) Three hours after voir dire began, a jury of two white men and ten women, two black and eight white, was seated. It was clearly not a good jury for the defense. (After the trial, one female juror commented that the defendants "should be convicted for their appearance, their language and their lifestyle." Edward Kratzke, the jury foreman, also was angered by the defendants' courtroom behavior: "These defendants wouldn't even stand up when the judge walked in; when there is no more respect we might as well give up the United States." A third juror expressed the view that the demonstrators "should have been shot down by the police.")
The defense and prosecution tables stood in dramatic contrast. At the defense table, defendants relaxed in blue jeans and sweatshirts, often with their feet up on chairs or the table itself. Hoffman and Rubin favored attire that included headbands, buttons, beads, and colorful shirts. The defendants passed trial hours munching jelly beans, cracking jokes, offering editorial comments, making faces, reading newspapers, and sleeping. The area around the defense table was littered with clothing, candy wrappers, and even (on one day) a package of marijuana. The prosecution table, behind which sat silver-haired District Attorney Thomas Foran and his young assistant Richard Schultz in their business suits, was, on the other hand, a picture of neatness and efficiency. The prosecution table was clear of all but carefully arranged notes, a file of index cards, and a pencil.
There was division in the defense ranks concerning trial strategy. Some of the defendants, such as Tom Hayden, wanted to play the trial straight: to concentrate on winning jurors by diligently pursuing weaknesses in the prosecution's case and by observing a degree of courtroom decorum. Others, such as Jerry Rubin and Abbie Hoffman, saw the trial as an opportunity to appeal to young people around the country. They wanted to turn the trial into entertaining theater that would receive maximum attention in the press. To that end, the Yippies would spice up the days of the trial by, for example, wearing judicial robes, bringing into the courtroom a birthday cake, blowing kisses to the jury, baring their chests, or placing the flag of the National Liberation Front on the defense table.
In his trial account The Barnyard Epithet an Other Obscenities, J. Anthony Lukas divides the Chicago Conspiracy Trial into five "phases." The first period, which Lukas calls "The Jelly Bean Phase," lasted from September 24 to October 13. It was a relatively uneventful stage, in which the defendants took a "gently mocking" stance toward the trial. The second period, the "Gags and Shackles Phase," lasted from October 14 to November 5. This phase by the defendants seeking to emphasize political issues in the trial, perhaps because they were concerned that the trial was being seen by their sympathizers as a mere joke. Also during this phase, Black Panther defendant Bobby Seale continuously, and in increasingly angry tones, insisted upon his right either to represent himself or to have the trial continued until his own counsel of choice, Charles Garry (who was hospitalized for gall bladder surgery), could represent him. Seale hurled frequent and bitter attacks at Judge Hoffman, calling him a "fascist dog," a "pig," and a "racist," among other things. On October 29, the outraged judge ordered Seale bound and gagged. Finally, on November 5, Hoffman severed Seale from the case and sentenced him to four years in prison for contempt. The Chicago Eight suddenly became the Chicago Seven. Phase three, lasting from November 6 to December 10, was called by Lukas "Government's Day in Court." It was a relatively calm period with only nine contempts, as the defendants saw in a surprisingly weak prosecution case the opportunity for at least a hung jury if they could "cool it" and avoid turning the jury against them. Phase four, from December 11 to January 22 was the "Sing Along with Phil and Judy Phase." This was the phase in which the defense presented its witnesses, a virtual "who's who" of the American left from the guru of the drug culture Timothy Leary to radical poet Allen Ginsberg to folk singers Phil Ochs, Arlo Guthrie, "Country Joe" McDonald, Pete Seeger and Judy Collins. The final phase of the trial, from January 23 to February 7, Lukas called the "Barnyard Epithet Phase." It was a two-week period marked by increasingly bitter outbursts by the defendants and their attorneys, and by almost irrational overreactions by Judge Hoffman. Forty-eight contempts came in this shortest of the five trial phases.
The heart of the government's case was presented through the testimony of three undercover agents who had infiltrated radical ranks, Irwin Bock, William Frappolly, and Robert Pierson. Pierson landed a job as Rublin's "bodyguard," while Bock and Frappolly maneuvered their way into leadership positions in "Vets for Peace" and the S. D. S. (Students for a Democratic society). The undercover witnesses described plots to disrupt traffic, takeover hotels, "sabotage" restrooms, and other "hit-and-run guerilla tactics." The government's case was aided substantially by Judge Hoffman who consistently ruled in favor of the prosecution on evidentiary disputes. For example, Hoffman allowed the government to introduce speeches of the defendants made well before their arrival in Chicago when they tended to support the government's case, but ruled that the defense could not introduce (because they were "self-serving") pre-Convention documents that suggested peaceable intentions. Throughout the presentation of the government's case, Thomas Foran played the straight man, while his younger associate, Richard Shultz, expressed outrage at defense behavior and--whenever the opportunity arose--went for the jugular. J. Anthony Lukas marveled that "Shultz could have made the first robin of spring sound like a plot by the Audobon Society."
The defense through its witnesses tried to portray the defendants as committed idealists who reacted spontaneously to escalating police violence. It suggested that what the prosecution saw as dangerous plots, such as an alleged Yippie conspiracy to place LSD in the Chicago water supply, were only play. The defense also attempted, without much success because of Judge Hoffman's rulings excluding such testimony, to make the Viet Nam War an issue in the trial. The defense countered the prosecution's attempt to prove a conspiracy with evidence that the alleged conspirators never met as a group--and would have agreed upon little if they had. Defense witness Norman Mailer probably made the point best when he said, "Left-wingers are incapable of conspiracy because they're all egomaniacs." Abbie Hoffman made the same point more colorfully when he said, "Conspiracy? Hell, we couldn't agree on lunch."
The jury had scarcely begun its deliberations in the Chicago Conspiracy Trial when Judge Hoffman began sentencing each of the defendants and the two defense attorneys, William Kunstler and Leonard Weinglass, to lengthy prison terms on 159 specifications for criminal contempt. The specifications ranged from minor acts of disrespect (such as not standing for the judge) to playful acts (such as baring rib cages or blowing kisses to the jury) to insulting or questioning the integrity of the court ("liar," "hypocrite," and "fascist dog"). William Kunstler, who seemingly became a radicalized brother of his clients over the course of the trial, was sentenced by Hoffman to four years and thirteen days in jail. One specification for Kunstler concerned an incident on February 3 when he said "I am going to turn back to my seat with the realization that everything I have learned throughout my life has come to naught, that there is no meaning in this court, there is no law in this court." The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals later reversed all contempt convictions, ruling that contempt convictions resulting in more than six months in prison require jury trials.
The jury initially split, with eight jurors voting to convict defendants on both the conspiracy and intent to incite riot charges and four jurors voting to acquit on all charges. Foreman Edward Kratzke handed a hung-jury message to the marshal to take to Judge Hoffman. The judge's response: "Keep deliberating!" Juror Kay Richards finally brokered a compromise between the two jury factions. In the end, jurors acquitted all defendants on the conspiracy charge, while finding the five defendants charged with having an intent to incite a riot while crossing state lines guilty. The jury acquitted Froines and Weiner of the charge of teaching and demonstrating the use of an incendiary device.
On February 20, 1970, Judge Hoffman sentenced the five members of the Chicago Seven found guilty by the jury. Each defendant made a statement before sentence was imposed. David Dellinger told Hoffman that he was "a man who had too much power over too many people for too many years," but that he admired his "spunk." Rennie Davis announced that when he got out of prison he intended to "move next door to [prosecutor] Tom Foran, and bring his sons and daughter into the revolution." Tom Hayden offered the opinion that "we would hardly have been notorious characters if they left us alone on the streets of Chicago," but instead "we became the architects, the masterminds, and the geniuses of a conspiracy to overthrow the government-- we were invented." Abbie Hoffman recommended that the judge try LSD: "I know a good dealer in Florida [where the judge was soon to head for a vacation]; I could fix you up." Jerry Rubin offered the judge a copy of his new book Do It! with an inscription inside: "Julius, you radicalized more young people than we ever could. You're the country's top Yippie." After listening to each defendant give his statement, Judge Hoffman sentenced each defendant to five years' imprisonment plus a $5,000 fine.
The Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals reversed all convictions on November 21, 1972. The appellate court based its decision on the refusal to allow inquiry into the cultural biases of potential jurors during voir dire as well as Judge Hoffman's "deprecatory and often antagonistic attitude toward the defense." The court also noted that it was determined after appellate argument that the F. B. I, with the knowledge and complicity of Judge Hoffman and prosecutors, had bugged the offices of the Chicago defense attorneys. The Court of Appeals panel said that it had "little doubt but that the wrongdoing of F. B. I. agents would have required reversal of the convictions on the substantive charges."
All seven Chicago police officers charged with violating the civil rights of demonstrators were acquitted. Charges against an eighth officer were dismissed. Richard Shultz explained the verdicts by observing, "The people who sit on juries in this city are just not ready to convict a Chicago policeman."
There is no simple "yes" or "no" answer to the question of whether the Chicago defendants intended to incite a riot in Chicago in 1968. Abbie Hoffman said, "I don't know whether I'm innocent or I'm guilty." The reason for the confusion--as Norman Mailer pointed out--was that the alleged conspirators "understood that you didn't have to attack the fortress anymore." All they had to do was "surround it, make faces at the people inside and let them have nervous breakdowns and destroy themselves."
In May, 1868, the Senate came within a single vote of taking the unprecedented step of removing a president from office. Although the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson was ostensibly about a violation of the Tenure of Office Act, it was about much more than that. Also on trial in 1868 were Johnson's lenient policies towards Reconstruction and his vetoes of the Freedmen's Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act. The trial was, above all else, a political trial
Trial Account by Douglas O. LinderIn May, 1868, the Senate came within a single vote of taking the unprecedented step of removing a president from office. Although the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson was ostensibly about a violation of the Tenure of Office Act, it was about much more than that. Also on trial in 1868 were Johnson's lenient policies towards Reconstruction and his vetoes of the Freedmen's Bureau Act and the Civil Rights Act. The trial was, above all else, a political trial.
Andrew Johnson was a lifelong Democrat and slave owner who won a place alongside Abraham Lincoln on the 1864 Republican ticket in order to gain the support of pro-war Democrats. Johnson was fiercely pro-Union and had come to national prominence when, as a Senator from the important border state of Tennessee, he denounced secession as "treason."
On April 11, 1865, Abraham Lincoln gave his last major address. Lincoln congratulated Lee on his surrender, announced that his cabinet was united on a policy of reconstructing the Union, and expressed the hope that the states of the confederacy would extend the vote to literate negroes and those who served as Union soldiers.
When Andrew Johnson became president after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, some of the Republicans in Congress most opposed to what they saw as the too-lenient policies of Lincoln toward reconstruction saw Johnson's ascension as a hopeful sign. One of the radical Republicans of the Senate, Benjamin Wade, expressed his support: "Johnson, we have faith in you. By the gods, there will be no more trouble in running the government." Less than three years later, Wade would cast a vote to convict Johnson in the impeachment trial that nearly made him the next president of the United States.
There were two contending theories in post-war Washington concerning reconstruction. One theory argued that the states of the United States are indestructible by the acts of their own people and state sovereignty cannot be forfeited to the national government. Under this theory, the only task for the federal government was to suppress the insurrection, replace its leaders, and provide an opportunity for free government to re-emerge. Rehabilitation of the state was a job for the state itself. The other theory of reconstruction argued that the Civil War was a struggle between two governments, and the southern territory was conquered land, without internal borders, much less places with a right to statehood. Under this theory, the federal government might rule this territory as it pleases, admitting places as states under whatever rules it might prescribe. Andrew Johnson was a proponent of the first, more lenient theory, while the radical Republicans who would so nearly remove him from office were advocates of the second theory. The most radical of the radical Republicans, men like Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner, believed also in the full political equality of the freed slaves. They believed that black men must be given equal rights to vote, hold office, own land, and enter into contracts, and until southern states made such promises in their laws they had no right to claim membership in the Union. Republicans also had more practical reasons to worry about Johnson's lenient reconstruction policy: the congressmen elected by white southerners were certain to be overwhelmingly Democrats, reducing if not eliminating the Republican majorities in both houses.
The first serious conflict over the course of reconstruction concerned the plan drafted by the Johnson Administration for North Carolina. The plan called for residents to elect delegates to a state convention that would frame a new state constitution. The cabinet split 4 to 3 in favor of allowing black residents to vote, but Johnson sided with those who would restrict voters to those qualified to vote under state law at the time of North Carolina's secession-- whites only. Secretary of War Edwin Stanton reported that "the opposition of the President to throwing the franchise open to the colored people appeared to be fixed."
In January, 1866, Senator Lyman Trumbull introduced two bills. One would enlarge the powers of the Freedmen's Bureau while the other would extend basic civil rights to negro citizens. Andrew Johnson surprised many who believed he would postpone confrontation with the radical Republicans by vetoing both bills. Congress was unable to override the Freedmen's Bureau veto, but succeeded in overriding the Civil Rights Act veto on a Senate vote of 33 to 15. Except for veto overrides on two minor pieces of legislation, one in the Pierce and one in the Tyler administrations, it was the first successful override in the nation's history and portended serious trouble for the President and his reconstruction policies. By February of 1866, the radicals viewed Johnson as "an outlaw undeserving of quarter."
A summer massacre in New Orleans further fueled the growing animosity between Johnson and the Republican Congress. A mob, including members of the Louisiana police, fired upon whites and blacks gathering for a Republican-backed convention that would frame a new state government. Forty were killed and over one hundred wounded. Only after the killing was over did U. S. troops arrive to place the city under martial law. Republicans angrily denounced Johnson for not anticipating trouble and protecting convention delegates and supporters. Impeachment talk began to swirl around Washington. Complaints against Johnson included his public drunkenness, generous use of the pardon power, and even suggestions that he was a principal in the Lincoln assassination plot.
Johnson, for his part, answered denunciation with denunciation. In a series of combative speeches in cities such as Cleveland and St. Louis, the President lashed out at his congressional critics as "traitors." He accused ultra-radicals Thaddeus Stevens, Wendell Phillips, and Charles Sumner of comparing themselves to "the Savior." Johnson's a intemperate speeches would later become the basis for articles of impeachment.
In the spring of 1867, the new Congress passed over Johnson's veto a second Freedmen's Bureau bill and proposed to the states a Fourteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution. (The Fourteenth Amendment is best known today for its requirement that states guarantee equal protection and due process of law, but the most controversial provisions of the time concerned the conditions precedent that imposed on states for readmission to the Union.) Johnson announced his opposition to the Fourteenth Amendment and campaigned for its defeat. The Reconstruction Act of 1867, also passed over a presidential veto, wiped out the "pretended state governments" of the ten excluded states and divided them into five military districts, each commanded by an officer of the army. To escape military rule, states were required to assent to the Fourteenth Amendment, frame a new constitution with delegates chosen without regard to color, and submit the new constitution to the Congress for examination. Johnson's message vetoing the Reconstruction Act was angry and accusatory, calling the act "a bill of attainder against nine millions people at once" and suggesting that it reduced southerners to "the most abject and degrading slavery." Impeachment efforts in the House intensified, but the doubtfulness of conviction in the Senate, due in part to the knowledge that removal of Johnson would elevate to the presidency the less than universally popular Ben Wade, President Pro Tempore of the Senate, convinced many in the House to hold their fire. Representative Blaine spoke for a number of conservative Republicans when he said he "would rather have the President than the shallywags of Ben Wade."
The issue that finally turned the tide in favor of impeachment concerned Johnson's alleged violation of the Tenure of Office Act. The Tenure of Office Act, passed in 1867 over yet another presidential veto, prohibited the President from removing from office, without the concurrence of the Senate, those officials whose appointment required Senate approval. The Act was passed primarily to preserve in office as Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, a holdover from the Lincoln Administration, who the radical Republicans regarded "as their trusty outpost in the camp of the enemy." Although Stanton for many months largely acquiesced in Johnson's reconstruction policies, by June of 1867, his opposition was out in the open. By July, Johnson was close to convinced that Stanton must go, Tenure of Office Act or no Tenure of Office Act. The final straw appears to have been the revelation on August 5, 1867, during an ongoing trial of Lincoln assassination conspirator John Surratt that Stanton two years earlier had deliberately withheld from Johnson a petition from five members of the military commission that convicted Mary Surratt urging that her death sentence be commuted to imprisonment. Stanton, Johnson believed, had hood-winked him into signing the death warrant of a woman who he most likely would have spared. That day Johnson sent Secretary Stanton the following message: "Sir: Public consideration of high character constrain me to say that your resignation as Secretary of War will be accepted." Stanton answered "that public considerations of a high character...constrain me not to resign." The Tenure of Office Act allowed the President to "suspend" an officer when the Congress was out of session, as it was at the time, so the President responded by suspending Stanton and replacing him with war hero Ulysses S. Grant.
In January of 1868 the returning Senate took up the issue of Johnson's suspension of Secretary Stanton, and voted 35 to 6 not to concur in the action. On January 14, a triumphant Stanton marched to his old office in the War Building as the President considered his next move. Johnson was anxious to challenge the constitutionality of the Tenure of Office Act in court, but to do so he would have to replace Stanton and defy the Senate. This he did on February 21, 1868, naming as the new Secretary of War Major General Lorenzo Thomas. When Stanton notified his Capitol Hill allies of the presidential order to vacate his office, he received from Senator Sumner a one-word telegram: "Stick." Impeachment in the House for violation of the Tenure of Office Act and other "high crimes and misdemeanors" was by now inevitable. On February 24, the House voted to adopt an Impeachment Resolution by a vote of 126 to 47. Five days later, formal articles of impeachment were adopted by the House.
On March 30, 1868, Benjamin Butler rose before Chief Justice Salmon Chase and fifty-four senators to deliver the opening argument for the House Managers in the impeachment trial of Salmon Chase. Historians such as David Dewitt have been struck by the improbability of the scene: "The ponderous two-handed engine of impeachment, designed to be kept in cryptic darkness until some crisis of the nation's life cried out for interposition, was being dragged into open day to crush a formidable political antagonist a few months before the appointed time when the people might get rid of him altogether." Butler's three-hour opening argument was "a lawyer's plea with a dash of the demagogue." He contemptuously dismissed arguments that the Tenure of Office Act didn't cover Stanton, read parts of Johnson's 1866 speeches that were the basis of the tenth article of impeachment, and referred to the President as "accidental Chief" and "the elect of an assassin."
House Managers proceeded to introduce documentary evidence and witness testimony supporting the eleven various articles of impeachment. Two witnesses described the confrontation between Edwin Stanton and Lorenzon Thomas in the War Office on the day of Stanton's firing, February 22. One witness brought on torrents of laughter by his description of his meeting with Thomas in the East Room of the White House when he told Thomas "that the eyes of Delaware were upon him." Several witnesses testified as to details concerning speeches by the President delivered in Cleveland and St. Louis in September of 1866. On Thursday, April 9, the Managers closed their case. Many observers concluded that the testimony added little to the Manager's case, and may have actually hurt their case by emphasizing the President's isolation and powerlessness in the face of a hostile Congress.
The opening argument for the President was delivered by Benjamin Curtis, a former justice of the Supreme Court best known for his dissent in the famous Dred Scott case. Curtis argued that Stanton was not covered by the Tenure of Office Act because the "term" of Lincoln ended with his death, that the President did not in fact violate the Act because he did not succeed in removing Stanton from office, and that the Act itself unconstitutionally infringed upon the powers of the President. As for the article based on Johnson's 1866 speeches, Curtis said "The House of Representatives has erected itself into a school of manners...and they desire the judgment of this body whether the President has not been guilty of indecorum." Curtis argued that conviction based on the tenth article of impeachment would violate the free speech clause of the First Amendment.
Counsel for the President called only two witnesses of real consequence. Lorenzo Thomas, Johnson's would-be Secretary of War, was sworn in as a witness for the President and examined by Attorney General Stanbery concerning his encounters with Stanton. According to Thomas's testimony, the two were surprisingly cordial after Stanton had Thomas arrested, at one point sharing a bottle of whiskey together. Secretary Welles was called for the purpose of testifying to the fact that the Cabinet had advised Johnson that the Tenure of Office Act was unconstitutional, and that Secretaries Seward and Stanton had agreed to prepare a draft of a veto message. Benjamin Curtis argued that the testimony was relevant because an article of impeachment charged the President with "intending" to violate the Constitution, and that Welles's testimony tended to show that the President honestly believed the law to be unconstitutional. Over the House Managers' objection, Chief Justice Chase ruled the evidence admissible, but was overruled by the Senate 29 to 20, and the testimony was not allowed.
Final arguments in the impeachment trial stretched from April 22 to May 6, with the Managers speaking for six days and counsel for the President speaking for five days. Arguments ranged from the technical to the hyperbolic. Manager Thaddeus Stevens railed against the "wretched man, standing at bay, surrounded by a cordon of living men, each with the axe of an executioner uplifted for his just punishment." Manager John Bingham brought the crowded galleries to its feet with his thunderous closing:
"May God forbid that the future historian shall record of this day's proceedings, that by reason of the failure of the legislative power of the people to triumph over the usurpations of an apostate President, the fabric of American empire fell and perished from the earth!...I ask you to consider that we stand this day pleading for the violated majesty of the law, by the graves of half a million of martyred hero-patriots who made death beautiful by the sacrifice of themselves for their country, the Constitution and the laws, and who, by their sublime example, have taught us all to obey the law; that none are above the law;... and that position, however high, patronage, however powerful, cannot be permitted to shelter crime to the peril of the republic."
William Groesbeck's peroration for the President offered a spirited defense of Johnson's view of reconstruction:
"He was eager for pacification. He thought that the war was ended. It seemed so. The drums were all silent; the arsenals were all shut; the roar of the cannon had died away to the last reverberations; the army was disbanded; not a single enemy confronted us in the field. Ah, he was too eager, too forgiving, too kind. The hand of reconciliation was stretched out to him and he took it. It may be that he should have put it away, but was it a crime to take it? Kindness, forgiveness a crime? Kindness a crime? Kindness is statesmanship. Kindness is the high statesmanship of heaven itself. The thunders of Sinai do but terrify and distract; alone they accomplish little; it is the kindness of Calvary that subdues and pacifies."
William Everts contended in his closing argument for the President that violation of the Tenure of Office Act did not rise to the level of an impeachable offense:
"They wish to know whether the President has betrayed our liberties or our possessions to a foreign state. They wish to know whether he has delivered up a fortress or surrendered a fleet. They wish to know whether he has made merchandise of the public trust and turned the authority to private gain. And when informed that none of these things are charges, imputed, or even declaimed about, they yet seek further information and are told that he has removed a member of his cabinet."
Finally, Attorney General Henry Stanbery's closing for the President compared conviction to a despicable crime:
"But if, Senators, as I cannot believe, but as has been boldly said with almost official sanction, your votes have been canvassed and the doom of the President is sealed, then let that judgment not be pronounced in this Senate Chamber; not here, where our Camillus in the hour of our greatest peril, single-handed, met and baffled the enemies of the Republic; not here, where he stood faithful among the faithless; not here, where he fought the good fight for the Union and the Constitution; not in this Chamber, whose walls echo with that clarion voice that, in the days of our greatest danger, carried hope and comfort to many a desponding heart, strong as an army with banners. No, not here. Seek out rather the darkest and gloomiest chamber in the subterranean recesses of this Capitol, where the cheerful light of day never enters. There erect the altar and immolate the victim."
Outwardly, House Managers were confident. Benjamin Butler told a Republican audience on May 4 that "The removal of the great obstruction is certain. Wade and prosperity are sure to come with the apple blossoms." Privately, the were less optimistic. In the week before the vote, much money was being bet by professional gamblers on the outcome of the trial, and the odds favored acquittal. On May 11, from 11 am to midnight, senators debated the merits of the case behind closed doors. The best chance for conviction seemed to rest with the eleventh article that charged the President with attempting to prevent Stanton from resuming his office after the Senate disapproved his suspension. It was obvious that the vote would be very close, depending upon the decisions of two or three undecided Senators. No Senator's vote was more critical than that of Edmund Ross of Kansas, who remained stubbornly silent throughout the trial and discussions.
At noon on May 16, 1868, the High Court of Impeachment was called to order by Chief Justice Chase. The galleries were packed and the House of Representatives was present en mass. A motion was made and adopted to vote first on the eleventh article. The Chief Justice said, "Call the roll." Historian David Dewitt described the tension as the roll call reaches the name of Senator Ross:
"Twenty-four 'Guilties' have been pronounced and ten more certain are to come. Willey is almost sure and that will make thirty-five. Thirty-six votes are needed, and with this one vote the grand consummation is attained, Johnson is out and Wade in his place. It is a singular fact that not one of the actors in that high scene was sure in his own mind how his one senator was going to vote, except, perhaps, himself. 'Mr. Senator Ross, how say you?' the voice of the Chief Justice rings out over the solemn silence. 'Is the respondent, Andrew Johnson, guilty or not guilty of a high misdemeanor as charged in this article?' The Chief Justice bends forward, intense anxiety furrowing his brow. The seated associates of the senator on his feet fix upon him their united gaze. The representatives of the people of the United States watch every movement of his features. The whole audience listens for the coming answer as it would have listened for the crack of doom. And the answer comes, full, distinct, definite, unhesitating and unmistakable. The words 'Not Guilty' sweep over the assembly, and, as one man, the hearers fling themselves back into their seats; the strain snaps; the contest ends; impeachment is blown into the air."
Lieutenant William CalleyCalley Court Martial Excerpts, Medina Court Martial Excerpts ,Questions for Discussion
Opinion Polls An Account 'by Douglas Linder (c) 1999
The My Lai courts-martial are the stories of two tragedies growing out of American involvement in Viet Nam. One was the massacre by United States soldiers of as many as 500 unarmed civilians-- old men, women, children--in My Lai on the morning of March 16, 1968. The other was the cover-up of that massacre.
An Introduction to the My Lai Courts-Martial By Doug Linder
Two tragedies took place in 1968 in Viet Nam. One was the massacre by United States soldiers of as many as 500 unarmed civilians-- old men, women, children-- in My Lai on the morning of March 16. The other was the cover-up of that massacre.
U. S. military officials suspected Quang Ngai Province, more than any other province in South Viet Nam, as being a Viet Cong stronghold. The U. S. targeted the province for the first major U.S. combat operation of the war. Military officials declared the province a "free-fire zone" and subjected it to frequent bombing missions and artillery attacks. By the end of 1967, most of the dwellings in the province had been destroyed and nearly 140,000 civilians left homeless. Not surprisingly, the native population of Quang Ngai Province distrusted Americans. Children hissed at soldiers. Adults kept quiet.
Two hours of instruction on the rights of prisoners and a wallet-sized card "The Enemy is in Your Hands" seemed to have little impact on American soldiers fighting in Quang Ngai. Military leaders encouraged and rewarded kills in an effort to produce impressive body counts that could be reported to Saigon as an indication of progress. GIs joked that "anything that's dead and isn't white is a VC" for body count purposes. Angered by a local population that said nothing about the VC's whereabouts, soldiers took to calling natives "gooks."
Charlie Company came to Viet Nam in December, 1967. It located in Quang Ngai Province in January, 1968, as one of the three companies in Task Force Barker, an ad hoc unit headed by Lt. Col. Frank Barker, Jr. Its mission was to pressure the VC in an area of the province known as "Pinkville." Charlie Company's commanding officer was Ernest Medina, a thirty-three-year-old Mexican-American from New Mexico who was popular with his soldiers. One of his platoon leaders was twenty-four-year-old William Calley. Charlie Company soldiers expressed amazement that Calley was thought by anyone to be officer material. One described Calley as"a kid trying to play war." [LINK TO CHAIN OF COMMAND DIAGRAM] Calley's utter lack of respect for the indigenous population was apparent to all in the company. According to one soldier, "if they wanted to do something wrong, it was alright with Calley." The soldiers of Charlie Company, like most combat soldiers in Viet Nam, scored low on military exams. Few combat soldiers had education beyond high school.
Seymour Hersh wrote that by March of 1968 "many in the company had given in to an easy pattern of violence." Soldiers systematically beat unarmed civilians. Some civilians were murdered. Whole villages were burned. Wells were poisoned. Rapes were common.
On March 14, a small squad from "C" Company ran into a booby trap, killing a popular sergeant, blinding one GI and wounding several others. The following evening, when a funeral service was held for the killed sergeant, soldiers had revenge on their mind. After the service, Captain Medina rose to give the soldiers a pep talk and discuss the next morning's mission. Medina told them that the VC's crack 48th Battalion was in the vicinity of a hamlet known as My Lai 4, which would be the target of a large-scale assault by the company. The soldiers' mission would be to engage the 48th Battalion and to destroy the village of My Lai. By 7 a.m., Medina said, the women and children would be out of the hamlet and all they could expect to encounter would be the enemy. The soldiers were to explode brick homes, set fire to thatch homes, shoot livestock, poison wells, and destroy the enemy. The seventy-five or so American soldiers would be supported in their assault by gunship pilots.
Medina later said that his objective that night was to "fire them up and get them ready to go in there; I did not give any instructions as to what to do with women and children in the village." Although some soldiers agreed with that recollection of Medina's, others clearly thought that he had ordered them to kill every person in My Lai 4. Perhaps his orders were intentionally vague. What seems likely is that Medina intentionally gave the impression that everyone in My Lai would be their enemy.
At 7:22 a.m. on March 16, nine helicopters lifted off for the flight to My Lai 4. By the time the helicopters carrying members of Charlie Company landed in a rice paddy about 140 yards south of My Lai, the area had been peppered with small arms fire from assault helicopters. Whatever VC might have been in the vicinity of My Lai had most likely left by the time the first soldiers climbed out of their helicopters. The assault plan called for Lt. Calley's first platoon and Lt. Stephen Brooks' second platoon to sweep into the village, while a third platoon, Medina, and the headquarters unit would be held in reserve and follow the first two platoons in after the area was more-or-less secured. Above the ground, the action would be monitored at the 1,000-foot level by Lt. Col. Barker and at the 2,500-foot level by Oran Henderson, commander of the 11th Brigade, both flying counterclockwise around the battle scene in helicopters.
My Lai village had about 700 residents. They lived in either red-brick homes or thatch-covered huts. A deep drainage ditch marked the eastern boundary of the village. Directly south of the residential area was an open plaza area used for holding village meetings. To the north and west of the village was dense foliage [MAP].
By 8 a.m., Calley's platoon had crossed the plaza on the town's southern edge and entered the village. They encountered families cooking rice in front of their homes. The men began their usual search-and-destroy task of pulling people from homes, interrogating them, and searching for VC. Soon the killing began. The first victim was a man stabbed in the back with a bayonet. Then a middle-aged man was picked up, thrown down a well, and a grenade lobbed in after him. A group of fifteen to twenty mostly older women were gathered around a temple, kneeling and praying. They were all executed with shots to the back of their heads. Eighty or so villagers were taken from their homes and herded to the plaza area. As many cried "No VC! No VC!", Calley told soldier Paul Meadlo, "You know what I want you to do with them". When Calley returned ten minutes later and found the Vietnamese still gathered in the plaza he reportedly said to Meadlo, "Haven't you got rid of them yet? I want them dead. Waste them." Meadlo and Calley began firing into the group from a distance of ten to fifteen feet. The few that survived did so because they were covered by the bodies of those less fortunate.
What Captain Medina knew of these war crimes is not certain. It was a chaotic operation. Gary Garfolo said, "I could hear shooting all the time. Medina was running back and forth everywhere. This wasn't no organized deal." Medina would later testify that he didn't enter the village until 10 a.m., after most of the shooting had stopped, and did not personally witness a single civilian being killed. Others put Medina in the village closer to 9 a.m., and close to the scene of many of the murders as they were happening.
As the third platoon moved into My Lai, it was followed by army photographer Ronald Haeberle, there to document what was supposed to be a significant encounter with a crack enemy battalion. Haeberle took many pictures [HAEBERLE PHOTOS]. He said he saw about thirty different GIs kill about 100 civilians. Once Haeberle focused his camera on a young child about five feet away, but before he could get his picture the kid was blown away. He angered some GIs as he tried to photograph them as they fondled the breasts of a fifteen-year-old Vietnamese girl.
An army helicopter piloted by Chief Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson arrived in the My Lai vicinity about 9 a.m. Thompson noticed dead and dying civilians all over the village. Thompson repeatedly saw young boys and girls being shot at point-blank range. Thompson, furious at what he saw, reported the wanton killings to brigade headquarters [THOMPSON'S STORY].
Meanwhile, the rampage below continued. Calley was at the drainage ditch on the eastern edge of the village, where about seventy to eighty old men, women, and children not killed on the spot had been brought. Calley ordered the dozen or so platoon members there to push the people into the ditch, and three or four GIs did. Calley ordered his men to shoot into the ditch. Some refused, others obeyed. One who followed Calley's order was Paul Meadlo, who estimated that he killed about twenty-five civilians. (Later Meadlo was seen, head in hands, crying.)
Calley joined in the massacre. At one point, a two-year-old child who somehow survived the gunfire began running towards the hamlet. Calley grabbed the child, threw him back in the ditch, then shot him.
Hugh Thompson, by now almost frantic, saw bodies in the ditch, including a few people who were still alive. He landed his helicopter and told Calley to hold his men there while he evacuated the civilians. Thompson told his helicopter crew chief to "open up on the Americans" if they fired at the civilians. He put himself between Calley's men and the Vietnamese. When a rescue helicopter landed, Thompson had the nine civilians, including five children, flown to the nearest army hospital. Later, Thompson was to land again and rescue a baby still clinging to her dead mother.
By 11 a.m., when Medina called for a lunch break, the killing was nearly over. By noon, "My Lai was no more": its buildings were destroyed and its people dead or dying. Soldiers later said they didn't remember seeing "one military-age male in the entire place". By night, the VC had returned to bury the dead. What few villagers survived and weren't already communists, became communists. Twenty months later army investigators would discover three mass graves containing the bodies of about 500 villagers.
II. The cover-up of the My Lai massacre began almost as soon as the killing ended. Official army reports of the operation proclaimed a great victory: 128 enemy dead, only one American casualty (one soldier intentionally shot himself in the foot). The army knew better. Hugh Thompson had filed a complaint, alleging numerous war crimes involving murders of civilians. According to one of Thompson's crew members, "Thompson was so pissed he wanted to turn in his wings". An order issued by Major Calhoun to Captain Medina to return to My Lai to do a body count was countermanded by Major General Samuel Koster, who asked Medina how many civilians has been killed. "Twenty to twenty-eight," was his answer. The next day Colonel Henderson informed Medina that an informal investigation of the My Lai incident was underway-- and most likely gave the Captain "a good ass-chewing" as well. Henderson interviewed a number of GIs, then pronounced himself "satisfied" by their answers. No attempt was made to interview surviving Vietnamese. In late April, Henderson submitted a written report indicating that about twenty civilians had been inadvertently killed in My Lai. Meanwhile, Michael Bernhart, a Charlie Company GI severely troubled by what he witnessed at My Lai discussed with other GIs his plan to write a letter about the incident to his congressman. Medina, after learning of Bernhart's intentions, confronted him and told him how unwise such an action, in his opinion, would be.
If not for the determined efforts of a twenty-two-year-old ex-GI from Phoenix, Ronald Ridenhour, what happened on March 16, 1968 at My Lai 4 may never have come to the attention of the American people. Ridenhour served in a reconnaissance unit in Duc Pho, where he heard five eyewitness accounts of the My Lai massacre. He began his own investigation, traveling to Americal headquarters to confirm that Charlie Company had in fact been in My Lai on the date reported by his witnesses. Ridenhour was shocked by what he learned [RIDENHOUR'S STORY]. When he was discharged in December, 1968, Ridenhour said "I wanted to get those people. I wanted to reveal what they did. My God, when I first came home, I would tell my friends about this and cry-literally cry." In March, 1969, Ridenhour composed a letter detailing what he had heard about the My Lai massacre[LINK TO LETTER]and sent it to President Nixon, the Pentagon, the State Department, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and numerous members of Congress. Most recipients simply ignored the letter, but a few, most notably Representative Morris Udall, aggressively pushed for a full investigation of Ridenhour's allegations.
By late April, General Westmoreland, Army Chief of Staff, had turned the case over to the Inspector General for investigation. Over the next few months, dozens of witnesses were interviewed. It became apparent to all connected with the investigation that war crimes had been committed. In June, 1969, William Calley was flown back from Viet Nam to appear in a line-up for identification by Hugh Thompson. By August, the matter was in the hands of the army's Criminal Investigation Division for a determination as to whether criminal charges should be filed against Calley and other massacre participants. On September 5, formal charges, included six specifications of premeditated murder, were filed against Calley.
Calley hired as his attorney George Latimer, a Salt Lake City lawyer with considerable military experience, having served on the Military Court of Appeals. Latimer pronounced himself impressed with Calley. "You couldn't find a nicer boy," he said, adding that if Calley was guilty of anything it was only following orders "a bit too diligently."
Meanwhile, the issue of the My Lai massacre had gotten the attention of President Nixon. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird briefed Nixon at his San Clemente retreat. The White House proceeded with caution, sensing the potential of the incident to embarrass the military and undermine the war effort. The President characterized what happened at My Lai as an unfortunate aberration, as "an isolated incident."
In November, 1969, the American public began to learn the details of what happened at My Lai 4. The massacre was the cover story in both Time and Newsweek. CBS ran a Mike Wallace interview with Paul Meadlo. Seymour Hersh published in depth accounts based on his own extensive interviews. Life magazine published Haeberle's graphic photographs.
Reaction to the reports of the massacre varied. Some politicians, such as House Armed Services Subcommittee Chair L. Mendel Rivers maintained that there was no massacre and that reports to the contrary were merely attempts to build opposition to the Viet Nam war. Others called for an open, independent inquiry. The Administration took a middle course, deciding on a closed-door investigation by the Pentagon, headed by William Peers, a blunt three-star general.
For four months the Peers Panel interviewed 398 witnesses, ranging from General Koster to the GIs of Charlie Company. Over 20,000 pages of testimony were taken. The Peers Report criticized the actions of both officers and enlisted men. The report recommended action against dozens of men for rape, murder, or participation in the cover-up.
III.The Army's Criminal Investigation Division continued its separate investigation. Most of the enlisted men who committed war crimes were no longer members of the military, and thus immune from prosecution by court-martial.
A 1955 Supreme Court decision, Toth vs Quarles, held that military courts cannot try former members of the armed services "no matter how intimate the connection between the offense and the concerns of military discipline." Decisions were made to prosecute a total of twenty-five officers and enlisted men, including General Koster, Colonel Oran Henderson, Captain Medina. In the end, however, only few would be tried and only one, William Calley, would be found guilty. The top officer charged, General Samuel Koster, who failed to report known civilian casualties and conducted a clearly inadequate investigation was, according to General Peers, the beneficiary of a whitewash, having charges against him dropped and receiving only a letter of censure and reduction in rank. Colonel Henderson was found not guilty on all charges after a trial by court martial. Peers again expressed his disapproval, writing "I cannot agree with the verdict. If his actions are judged as acceptable standards for an officer in his position, the Army is indeed in deep trouble."
Captain Ernest Medina faced charges of murdering 102 Vienamese civilians. The charges were based on the prosecution's theory of command responsibility: Medina, as the officer in charge of Charlie Company should be accountable for the actions of his men. If Medina knew that a massacre was taking place and did nothing to stop it, he should be found guilty of murder. (Medina was originally charged also with dereliction of duty for participating in the coverup, but the offense was dropped because the statute of limitations had run.) Medina was subjected to a lie-detector test which tended to show he responded truthfully when he said that he did not intentionally suggest to his men that they kill unarmed civilians. The same test, however, tended to to show that his contention that he first heard of the killing of unarmed civilians about 10 to 10:30 A.M. was not truthful, and that he in fact knew non-combattants were being killed sometime between 8 A.M. and 9 A.M., when there would still have been time to prevent many civilian deaths. The prosecution, led by Major William Eckhardt, was unable, however, to get the damaging lie-detector evidence admitted. Medina's lawyer, flamboyant defense attorney F. Lee Bailey, conducted a highly successful defense, forcing the prosecution to drop key witnesses and keeping damaging evidence, such as Ronald Haeberle's photographs, from the jury. After fifty-seven minutes of deliberation, the jury acquitted Medina on all charges. (Months later, when a perjury prosecution was no longer possible, Medina admitted that he had suppressed evidence and lied to the brigade commander about the number of civilians killed.)
The strongest government case was that against Lt. William Calley. On November 12, 1970, in a small courthouse in Fort Benning, Georgia, young Prosecutor Aubrey Daniel stood to deliver his opening statement: "I want you to know My Lai 4. I will try to put you there." Captain Daniel told the jury of six military officers the shocking story of Calley's role in My Lai's tragedy: his machine-gunning of people in the plaza area south of the hamlet; his orders to men to execute men, women, and children in the eastern drainage ditch; his butt-stroking with his rifle of an old man; his grabbing of a small child and his throwing of the child into the ditch, then shooting him at point-blank range. Daniel told the jury that at the close of evidence he would ask them to "in the name of justice" convict the accused of all charges.
Daniel built the prosecution's case methodically. For days, the grisly evidence accumulated without a single witness directly placing Calley at the scene of a shooting. One of the early witnesses was Ronald Haeberle, the army photographer whose pictures brought home the horror of My Lai [TESTIMONY OF HAEBERLE]. Another was Hugh Thompson, My Lai's hero. Defense attorney Latimer's handling on cross of Haeberle, Thompson, and other witnesses led many courtroom observers to conclude that his glowing reputation was undeserved. His questioning of Haeberle, whose credibility was largely irrelevant, was pointless. His attempt to question Thompson's heroism "failed utterly," according to Richard Hammer, author of The Court-Martial of Lt. Calley.
In the second week of the trial Daniel began to call his more incriminating witnesses. Robert Maples, a machine gunner in the first platoon, testified that he saw Calley near the eastern drainage ditch, firing at the people below. Maples said that Calley asked him to use his machine gun on the Vietnamese in the ditch, but that he refused [TESTIMONY OF MAPLES]. Dennis Conti provided equally damning evidence. Conti testified that he was ordered to round up people, mostly women and children, and bring them back to Calley on the trail south of the hamlet. Calley, Conti said, told us to make them "squat down and bunch up so they couldn't get up and run." Minutes later Calley and Paul Meadlo "fired directly into the people. There were burst and shots for two minutes. The people screamed and yelled and fell." Conti said that Meadlo "broke down" and began crying [TESTIMONY OF CONTI].
The prosecution's final witness was its most anticipated witness. Paul Meadlo had been promised immunity from military prosecution in return for his testimony in the Calley case, but when he was called earlier in the trial, Meadlo had refused to answer questions about March 16, 1968, claiming his fifth amendment right not to incriminate himself. Daniel called Meadlo to the stand for a second time, and the ex-GI, who had lost a foot to a mine shortly after the massacre, limped to the stand in his green short-sleeve shirt and green pants. Judge Kennedy warned Meadlo that if he refused to answer questions, two U. S. marshals would take him into custody.
Meadlo said he would testify. He told the jury that Calley had left him with a large group of mostly women and children south of the hamlet saying, "You know what to do with them, Meadlo." Meadlo thought Calley meant he should guard the people, which he did. Meadlo told the jury what happened when Calley returned a few minutes later:
He said, "How come they're not dead?" I said, I didn't know we were supposed to kill them." He said, I want them
dead." He backed off twenty or thirty feet and started shooting into the people -- the Viet Cong -- shooting automatic. He was
beside me. He burned four or five magazines. I burned off a few, about three. I helped shoot em.
Q: What were the people doing after you shot them?
A: They were lying down.
Q: Why were they lying down?
A: They was mortally wounded.
Q: How were you feeling at that time?
A: I was mortally upset, scared, because of the briefing we had the day before.
Q: Were you crying?
A: I imagine I was....
Daniel then asked Meadlo about the massacre at the eastern drainage ditch, and in the same almost emotionless voice, Meadlo recounted the story, telling the jury that Calley fired from 250 to 300 bullets into the ditch. One exchange was remarkable:
Q: What were the children in the ditch doing?
A: I don't know.
Q: Were the babies in their mother's arms?
A: I guess so.
Q: And the babies moved to attack?
A: I expected at any moment they were about to make a counterbalance.
Q: Had they made any move to attack?
At the end of Meadlo's testimony, Aubrey Daniel rested the for the prosecution [MEADLO'S TESTIMONY].
The defense strategy had two main thrusts. One was to suggest that the stress of combat, the fear of being in an area thought to be thick with the enemy, sufficiently impaired Calley's thinking that he should not be found guilty of premeditated murder for his killing of civilians. Latimer relied on New York psychiatrist Albert La Verne to advance this defense argument [LAVERNE TESTIMONY]. The second argument of the defense was that Calley was merely following orders: that Captain Ernest Medina had ordered that civilians found in My Lai 4 be killed and was the real villain in the tragedy.
On February 23, 1971, William Calley took the stand. He told the jury he couldn't remember a single army class on the Geneva Convention, but that he did know he could be court-martialed for refusing to obey an order. He testified that Medina had said the night before that there would be no civilians in My Lai, only the enemy. He said that while he was in the village, Medina called and asked why he hadn't "wasted" the civilians yet. He admitted to firing into a ditch full of Vietnamese, but claimed that others were already firing into the ditch when he arrived. Calley said, "I felt then--and I still do-- that I acted as directed, I carried out my orders, and I did not feel wrong in doing so" [CALLEY TESTIMONY].
Ernest Medina was called as a witness of the court. Medina directly contradicted Calley's testimony. Medina said he was asked at the briefing on March 15 whether "we kill women and children," and-- looking straight at Calley behind the defense table--he said to the GIs "No, you do not kill women and children...Use common sense." At the close of his testimony, Medina saluted Judge Kennedy, then marched past Calley's table without glancing at him [MEDINA TESTIMONY].
It was time for summations. George Latimer for the defense argued that Medina was lying about not giving the order to kill civilians, that Medina knew perfectly well what was going on in the village, and now he and the army were trying to make Calley a scapegoat[LATIMER SUMMATION]. Aubrey Daniel for the prosecution asked the jury who will speak for the children of My Lai. He pointed out that Calley as a U. S. officer took an oath not to kill innocent women and children, and told the jury it is "the conscience of the United States Army"[DANIEL SUMMATION].
After thirteen days of deliberations, the longest in U. S. court-martial history, the jury returned its verdict: guilty of premeditated murder on all specifications. After hearing pleas on the issue of punishment, jury head Colonel Clifford Ford pronounced Calley's sentence: "To be confined at hard labor for the length of your natural life; to be dismissed from the service; to forfeit all pay and allowances."
IV.Opinion polls showed that the public overwhelmingly disapproved of the verdict in the Calley case [OPINION POLLS]. President Nixon ordered Calley removed from the stockade and placed under house arrest. He announced that he would review the whole decision. Nixon's action prompted Aubrey Daniel to write a long and angry letter in which he told the President that "the greatest tragedy of all will be if political expediency dictates the compromise of such a fundamental moral principle as the inherent unlawfulness of the murder of innocent persons" [AUBREY LETTER]. On November 9, 1974, the Secretary of the Army announced that William Calley would be paroled. In 1976, Calley married. He now works in the jewelry store of his father-in-law in Columbus, Georgia.
My Lai mattered. Two weeks after the Calley verdict was announced, the Harris Poll reported for the first time that a majority of Americans opposed the war in Viet Nam. The My Lai episode caused the military to re-evaluate its training with respect to the handling of noncombatants. Commanders sent troops in the Desert Storm operation into battle with the words, "No My Lais-- you hear?"
Know your legal options
Information about your legal issues
Call us at Ph no: 9650499965
We offer Copyright Registration Services
Right from your Desktop...
*Call us at Ph no: 9891244487
Legal AdviceGet legal advice from Highly qualified lawyers within 48hrs.
with complete solution.
lawyers in Delhi
lawyers in Chandigarh
lawyers in Allahabad
lawyers in Lucknow
lawyers in Jodhpur
lawyers in Jaipur
lawyers in New Delhi
lawyers in Nashik
lawyers in Mumbai
lawyers in Pune
lawyers in Nagpur
lawyers in Ahmedabad
lawyers in Surat
lawyers in Chicago
lawyers in Kolkata
lawyers in Janjgir
lawyers in Rajkot
lawyers in Indore
lawyers in Ludhiana
lawyers in Birmingham
|Lawyers in India - Search by City|
lawyers in Chennai
lawyers in Bangalore
lawyers in Hyderabad
lawyers in Cochin
lawyers in Pondicherry
lawyers in Agra
lawyers in Singapore
lawyers in Dhaka
lawyers in Dubai
lawyers in Toronto
lawyers in Sydney
lawyers in London
lawyers in Los Angeles
lawyers in New York
About Us |
F A Q |
Divorce by mutual consent |
| Submit article |
legal Service India.com is Copyrighted under the Registrar of Copyright Act ( Govt of India) © 2000-2017
ISBN No: 978-81-928510-0-6
|
<urn:uuid:3a520014-fd06-4106-8259-e049c89c3cf3>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.legalserviceindia.com/historicalcases/trial3.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00353-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975788
| 20,476
| 2.5625
| 3
|
Political Science > Organizations
See also Government Agencies & Documents
Center for Democracy & Technology
"...works to promote democratic values and constitutional liberties in the digital age. With expertise in law, technology, and policy, CDT seeks practical solutions to enhance free expression and privacy in global communications technologies. CDT is dedicated to building consensus among all parties interested in the future of the Internet and other new communications media."
"Chatham House is one of the world's leading organizations for the analysis of international issues.It is membership-based and aims to help individuals and organizations to be at the forefront of developments in an ever-changing and increasingly complex world."
Demos - A Network for Ideas and Action
"...is a new non-profit organization focusing on two of the most urgent challenges facing the United States in the 21st century: strengthening our democracy and creating more broadly shared prosperity."
Institute for Science and International Security
"Its efforts focus on stopping the spread of nuclear weapons, bringing about greater transparency of nuclear activities worldwide, and achieving deep reductions in nuclear arsenals. ISIS's projects integrate technical, scientific, and policy research in order to build a sound foundation for a wide variety of efforts to reduce the threat posed by nuclear weapons to U.S. and international security."
MoveOn.org: Democracy in Action
"MoveOn is working to bring ordinary people back into politics. With a system that today revolves around big money and big media, most citizens are left out. When it becomes clear that our "representatives" don't represent the public, the foundations of democracy are in peril. MoveOn is a catalyst for a new kind of grassroots involvement, supporting busy but concerned citizens in finding their political voice."
Online Degree Information
Find information on online degree programs and online courses. Learn more about earning a degree online through distance education and browse through accredited online and campus-based schools, colleges and universities. Discover degrees by subject category or degree level (e.g. associate, bachelor, master or doctoral). Further your career and improve your earning potential - get educated today!
|
<urn:uuid:c059cb32-d620-45cb-8c6a-7808cf50eacb>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.academicinfo.net/polisciorg.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00251-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.915802
| 422
| 2.234375
| 2
|
About PCYC OOSH Care
Trusted, safe, experienced child care service providers
PCYC NSW is a registered charity empowering young people to reach their potential through Police and community partnerships for over 85 years. PCYC has been operating early education out of school hours (OOSH) childcare services for over 20 years, providing before school, after school, and vacation care to thousands of primary school-aged children across NSW.
PCYC OOSH Care has a proven record of accomplishment in providing safe and quality services to children and families, with a demonstrated understanding of and compliance with all Education and Care Services National Laws.
If you’re looking for OOSH Child Care services near you, you’ve come to the right place. PCYC is a Statewide provider, currently delivering 22 OSHC services across NSW in both regional locations and across Greater Sydney, as well as operating School Holiday programs in over 60 clubs across NSW.
PCYC NSW in partnership with NSW Police has a strong relationship with the Department of Education. There is a long history of PCYC clubs working with local schools and meeting all D of E safety, security and programmatic needs. Over 85 years of child care service delivery across NSW provides the foundation for PCYC to positively influence our OOSH participants through access to a varied learning program, tailored to meet individual learning needs.
At the foundation of our organisation is a focus on child safety. PCYC OOSH Care goes above and beyond the requirements, and we believe that every child in a PCYC service has the right to be safe and protected. All our policies, procedures and processes are compliant with National Law, which is the foundation of our practice. All staff and educators at PCYC NSW must have a verified Working with Children Check and a cleared National Police Check to ensure we provide the highest level of safety around recruitment for the children and families.
Our Before School programs include experiences and opportunities to develop self-help skills such as making their own breakfast alongside educators. We know the mornings can sometimes be slow, so we have developed our morning programs to really warm our children up to get ready for a big day of learning!
Our After School programs include an offering of ‘Homework Club’ to assist children with any of their day’s homework or school projects. This would be an opt in activity. The goal of this would be to encourage continuation of learning throughout the afternoon and free up the valuable time children have at home with their families.
PCYC know that older children need more independence and challenging activities, so our programs are designed to support the ever growing autonomy of our children.
Our unique Vacation Care program offers a range of activities, in service events and excursions. PCYC offer over 19,000 Holiday program sessions each School Holidays. We use our expertise of sports and recreation-based program, and our OSHC team expertise in play-based school holiday program.
The excursions planned are to a variety of destinations and activities and include Wildlife parks museums, indoor play centres, parks, sporting hubs, and local PCYC clubs. In service events would include activities such as Coding, Art and Pottery creations, science shows, Aboriginal Dance workshops animal/wildlife shows, music and movement workshops, magicians etc.
Our Approach to Inclusion
PCYC is a charity that’s key focus is “Empowering Young People”. We see each child as unique and competent and work to ensure every child can fully access our services.
Our approach to inclusion follows a 5-step plan
Children with an additional support need are identified during the online or face to face enrolment process
A meeting is set up with our internal “PCYC Inclusion Support Team” to develop a plan for the transition into OSHC and how we can collaborate with the school and other Inclusion Support Agencies
A planning meeting is set with the parents to discuss access to support, funding or resources as required and to develop a support plan for the services.
Contact is made and arrangements made with Support agencies as required.
Plan in communicated to educators and training delivered as required to team.
Testimonial from Parent
“I went to Muswellbrook PCYC OOSH to enquire about my child who has additional needs (Autism Spectrum Disorder stage 2) to attend
OOSH on school holidays, Once I had handed the enrolment form back in, Dee (Management) made a call to myself and wanted to discuss Braxton’s needs, she was very supportive and expressed a certainty that Braxton’s needs will be cared for.
We scheduled a tour to introduce Braxton to the environment. On arrival, Dee was very welcoming and the environment was very inviting. Dee already had a photo of Braxton displayed on the wall for a sense of belonging, she insisted that she will have a consistent educator in the mornings for a great transition, to help Braxton cope with change by having a familiar face every day. I felt very satisfied by this strategy being in place, As I was able to feel comfortable for Braxton’s transitions in the mornings.
On arrival of the first day Dee and educators had trains and Lego in the learning environment for Braxton. I was so happy as these are his
interests, and the educators listened and planned it into the program for Braxton on his first day of OOSH. The experiences that are
programmed are also very exciting for Braxton, they have lots of community visits and input, cooking experiences, craft experiences, sports, and outdoor activities. Dee always reassured me that he was in excellent care and always communicated with myself if there was a need to.
On the next set of school holidays, on arrival Dee was so excited to show Braxton the boat she’d had built for him over the term of school, she explained that this was an area for Braxton to calm down in and express his emotions as a self-regulation strategy. It was so great to see Dee scaffolding for Braxton by providing an environment for him to calm down in, in his own way, he was so excited to see the boat! When he got introduced to it, Dee explained to all the other children of how it helps Braxton, and to respect this area for Braxton. The children were very supportive. This was all so good to see, as this was an inclusion acceptance practice within the environment.
Every day Braxton is so welcomed with love and kindness by everyone, I couldn’t have been happier with how the PCYC OOSH was so
inviting and supporting to meeting Braxton’s needs. Thank you all!
STEPHANIE HALLETT – MOTHER OF BRAXTON WILLIAMS
|
<urn:uuid:2cb28162-da18-434d-8740-9fbd5dae33fd>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://pcycoosh.org.au/about-pcyc-oosh-care/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00273.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.973658
| 1,400
| 1.523438
| 2
|
رویکردی برای توسعه استراتژی تولید مبتنی بر گسترش عملکرد کیفیت فازی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|10760||2011||10 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Computers & Industrial Engineering, Volume 60, Issue 3, April 2011, Pages 445–454
Today most research related to manufacturing strategy development concentrates on descriptive processes and conceptual models, and therefore lacks the capability of assessing the supportive degree of manufacturing strategy to competitive priorities, and is also difficult to assess the congruence among various decisions of the manufacturing strategy. This paper proposes an approach for manufacturing strategy development based on quality function deployment (QFD). The study starts by analyzing the process of manufacturing strategy development and the features of QFD. Thereafter, a methodology related to manufacturing strategy development based on QFD is developed, which comprises two stages and eleven steps. This approach uses QFD as a transforming device to link competitive factors with manufacturing decision categories such as structural decision categories and infrastructural categories, and uses QFD as a main tool in different stages of manufacturing strategy development process. This paper also integrates fuzzy set theory and house of quality (HOQ) in order to provide a structural tool to capture the inherent imprecision and vagueness of decision-relevant inputs and to facilitate the analysis of decision-relevant QFD information. A case is given to illustrate the utilization of the proposed approach at the end of this paper.
Manufacturing strategy is part of a manufacturing company’s total strategy. It contains the pattern of strategic decisions and actions which set the role, objectives and activities of the manufacturing in a manufacturing company. Just as with any type of strategy, we can consider its content and process separately. The content of manufacturing strategy comprises the specific decisions and actions which set the manufacturing role, objectives and activities. The process of manufacturing strategy refers the procedures which can be used to develop manufacturing strategies (Slack, Chambers, & Johnston, 2004). Within strategy research, a clear distinction between research on the content of strategy and research on the process of strategy has been presented for a long time (Hallgren & Olhager, 2006). At present, most research focuses on strategy content, however, research on manufacturing strategy development is relatively limited (Dangayach & Deshmukh, 2001). Manufacturing strategy comprises a series of structural and infrastructural decisions which provide the necessary support for the relevant order winners and qualifiers of the different market segments of a company. From Hill’s point of view, manufacturing strategy should be supportive to the achievement of a company’s competitive priorities. Hill proposes a five-step procedure to link manufacturing strategy to order winners in order to achieve the congruence between them (Hill, 1995). This procedure is an iterative process, in which the identification of competitive factors is seen as critical. At this stage, any mismatches between the requirements of organization’s strategy and the capability of its manufacturing become evident. So far, different analysis models have been developed to describe the congruence between various aspects of manufacturing strategy and competitive priorities. Hayes and Wheelwright provide a tool for the assessment of manufacturing’s strategic role, and introduce product/process matrix (Hayes & Wheelwright, 1984). Voss, 1990 and Marucheck et al., 1990 have made empirical observation of the strategy formulation and implementation process, and find that the process is essentially hierarchical, which is consistent with Skinner’s approach. Skinner’s approach have led to a predominant hierarchical process model starting from corporate strategy forming the context for the business strategy which in turn forms the context for each functional strategy including manufacturing (Skinner, 1969). Miltenburg proposes an overall framework with three steps for performing an analysis of a company’s manufacturing strategy in terms of congruence with the production system, its products, and its capabilities (Miltenburg, 1995). Safsten and Winroth investigate the usability of Miltenburg’s framework in small and medium sized manufacturing companies, and further suggest some changes of the model (Safsten & Winroth, 2002). Lee, Jeong, Park, and Park (2002) propose a framework for a decision-support system to support the formulation of a manufacturing strategy which consists of manufacturing system modeling and analyzing performance measures. The proposed decision-support system enables the formulation of manufacturing strategy using what-if analysis against dynamic manufacturing environments. Quezada, Cordova, and O’Brien (2003) develop a methodology for the development of a manufacturing strategy by means of exploiting the concepts of the analytic hierarchy process. In terms of this methodology, a manufacturing strategy can be formulated by creating a five level hierarchy: focus, company objectives, strategic business units, critical success factors and manufacturing decision areas. This methodology also allows a strategic diagnosis of the current manufacturing system and the generation and evaluation of action plans to improve the company competitiveness. Slack et al. give some indications on how to assess the support from the operations function (Slack et al., 2004). Platts and Gregory propose a three-stage procedure of developing manufacturing strategy. The procedure uses profiles of market requirements and achieved performance to show up the gaps which the manufacturing strategy must address (Platts & Gregory, 2004). Karacapilidis, Adamides, and Evangelou (2006) develop a computerized knowledge management system for the collaborative development of manufacturing strategy. The system is used to capture the strategists’ rationale and stimulates knowledge elicitation, and it can support the social and knowledge processes of collaborative strategy development by integrating a domain specific modeling formalism. In summary, the majority research related to manufacturing strategy development has specified and described strategy development process, and as a result, many different methodologies related to strategy development have been suggested. Most literature has proposed many prescriptive processes, and the manufacturing strategy domain has being dominated by conceptual models (Hallgren & Olhager, 2006). The quality function deployment (QFD) originated in 1972 in Japan as a methodology to be adopted to improve products quality in some Japanese firms (Hauser & Clausing, 1988). QFD methodology has introduced a twofold innovation in traditional product development processes. First, the application of QFD requires the careful consideration of customer during the development process (Akao, 1990). Second, the QFD approach has introduced the collaboration among different business areas as a prerequisite for product design. Many authors have published papers discussing how to exploit QFD to enhance the quality of product or service design. Karsak, Sozer, and Alptekin (2002) present a systematic decision procedure to be used in QFD product planning. The proposed approach combined analytic network process and 0–1 goal programming approach to incorporate the customer needs and the product technical requirements systematically into the product design phase in QFD. Luo, Tang, and Wang (2008) put forward an optimization method for components selection based on QFD to minimize the difference between the customer’s expectation and the selected product. The model is converted into an equivalent linear integer programming model to facilitate the solving approach, and Fuzzy customer requirements are also considered to deal with the uncertainties of human subjective judgment on customer requirements. Chaudhuria and Bhattacharyya (2009) link QFD with Conjoint Analysis through an integer programming based framework to determine the appropriate technical characteristics and consequently the right attribute levels. It is also proposed to measure the elements of the relationship matrix in QFD in a way so that the right levels of the attributes can be generated from the integer programming solution. Chen (2009) integrates QFD with process management techniques to optimize product design investment and process improvement. Process management is used to construct an integrated product and process development model to promote the effectiveness and benefits of applying QFD techniques. Deros, Rahman, Rahman, Ismail, and Said (2009) propose a method based on QFD to measure the service quality performance and identify critical service quality characteristics. In this method, QFD is used as a tool to improve quality in service industry by helping the firms involved to have clearer picture of quality requirements that could improve their customers’ satisfaction. In addition, some authors have also integrated QFD with other methods to improve QFD approach or to propose new approaches based on QFD. Bouchereau and Rowlands (2000) present an approach to incorporated QFD and fuzzy logic, and integrate artificial neural networks and the Taguchi method to produce an intelligent systems approach to QFD. Raharjo, Brombacher, and Xie (2008) propose generic ANP-based network model, which improves the QFD results’ accuracy and flexibility. The proposed network model takes into account the crucial factors in new product design simultaneously. Chen and Ngai (2008) propose a novel fuzzy-QFD program modeling approach to complex product planning which integrates fuzzy set theory and QFD framework to optimize the values of engineering characteristics by taking the design uncertainty and financial considerations into account. In the proposed methodology, fuzzy set theory is used to account for design uncertainty, and the method of imprecision is employed to perform multiple-attribute synthesis to generate a family of synthesis strategies. Lee, Sheu, and Tsou (2008) presents an integrative approach by incorporating the Kano model with Fuzzy mode into the matrix of QFD to provide a new way to optimize the product design and enhance customer satisfaction. QFD matrix is used to assure that most critical needs of customers’ are translated into the next phases of product development, and Fuzzy mode is used to improve subjective linguistic scale in Kano’s two dimensional quality elements. Delice and Zülal (2009) propose a new QFD optimization approach combining mixed integer linear programming model and Kano model to acquire the optimized solution from a limited number of alternative the design requirements. The proposed model can be used to optimize the product development and in other applications of QFD such as quality management, planning, design, engineering and decision-making. Liang (2010) develops an approach of fuzzy-QFD to identify service management requirements for customer quality needs. This approach provides a method to construct a fuzzy relation matrix to link service management requirements and customer quality needs based on cross-functional expertise. Some authors have also conducted categorical analysis about QFD’s functional fields, applied industries and methodological development (Carnevalli and Miguel, 2008 and Chan and Wu, 2002), and their findings have shown that QFD can be used as a tool to be applied in the development of strategies. Therefore, QFD is a technique used to convert ‘voice of the customer’ into design, engineering, manufacturing and production in order to ensure product meeting the needs of the customers. It tries to capture what the customer needs and how it might be achieved through the effort of relevant functional areas. With these characteristics, QFD can be an effective tool to organize and carry out the manufacturing strategy development. In recent years, the QFD methodology has been applied in the development of business or manufacturing strategies. Jugulum and Sefik (1998) realize that QFD can help organizations develop manufacturing strategies, and it can be incorporated into the classic steps of corporate planning to make strategy more effectively. Crowe and Cheng (1996) propose a methodology by using QFD in manufacturing strategic planning. The methodology comprises four stages called functional strategies, manufacturing priorities, action plans and detail tasks respectively. The proposed methodology provides a systematic tool to facilitate strategy development, and manufacturing strategy and action plans can be realized through the QFD process. Olhager and West (2002) use QFD for linking manufacturing flexibility to marketing requirements. Bottani and Rizzi (2006) suggest that QFD can be applied effectively to various issues such as business strategies and performance assessment. Barad and Gien (2001) utilize QFD to deploy manufacturing strategies into improvement activities. They develop a structured two phased model for connecting the improvement actions of a company with its strategic and operating improvement needs. Dror and Barad (2002) use QFD to construct a performance measurement system based on the balanced scorecard map. Further, they develop a House of Strategy by using QFD matrix for translating the improvement needs of a company’s business objectives into relative importance of its competitive priorities (Dror & Brard, 2006), and also suggest a mean square error (MSE) criterion to supporting the selection of vital competitive priorities to be improved. As the extension of their previous work, Barad and Dror (2008) utilize the QFD methodology for building the strategy map to extract the desired improvement needs in the company’s objectives and to translate them into required improvement in its competitive priorities, required improvement in its core processes and, finally into the required improvement in the components of its organizational profile. Chuang, Yang, and Lin (2009) use the relationship matrix in QFD method to provide a tool for integrating the market trends, competitive and operational strategies, as well as manufacturing attributes. Bottani (2009) presents an approach based on QFD to develop agile strategy of enterprises. This approach aims at identifying the most appropriate enablers to be implemented by companies starting from competitive characteristics of the related market by linking competitive bases, agile attributes and agile enablers. The approach also exploits fuzzy logic to translate linguistics judgements required for relationships and correlations matrixes into numerical values. However, there are still some limitations in the existing research and therefore further research is needed, e.g. (1) there still lacks formal mechanisms for translating qualitative “whats” into quantitative “hows” in QFD matrix, and the values of a certain alternative concerning a given attribute often cannot be precisely defined. To deal with this type of uncertainty, mathematical tools such as group decision-making and fuzzy set theory could be applied during the process. (2) Links between business strategy and manufacturing strategy is obscure, and the supportive degree of manufacturing strategy to competitive priorities cannot be determined. Thus, there is a need to develop a process which is able to derive manufacturing strategy from business strategy. (3) Low level of detail in current methodologies causes discontinuity in the process of manufacturing strategy development, and mutual influence between “hows” is usually ignored. Therefore, the methodology of manufacturing strategy development with systematic and detailed process is still needed. (4) Many methodologies proposed are too academic and complicated to be grasped and used by practicers in practice. In this paper, we will present a manufacturing strategy development model based on QFD. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a methodology based on QFD that could develop the manufacturing strategy quantitatively. The main contributions of this paper include: (1) the methodology uses HOQ as a transforming device to link business strategy with manufacturing decision categories such as structural decision categories and infrastructural categories; (2) the methodology provides a platform for multiple decision-makers to identify competitive factors and to determine their relative importance to avoid the bias and minimize the partiality in the decision process, and group decision-making and fuzzy set theory are integrated with HOQ to provide a structured tool to capture the inaccurate decision-relevant inputs and to facilitate to analyze decision-relevant QFD information; (3) the methodology provides a detailed stepwise process for manufacturing strategy development and use HOQ as a main tool in different stages of manufacturing strategy development to ensure consistency of strategic manufacturing decisions; (4) the methodology is easy to be understood and grasped by practicers, and it provides a participating platform for stakeholders relating to manufacturing strategy development, which allows them to play their roles in the process of manufacturing strategy development. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. In the next paragraph, manufacturing strategy is first analyzed in term of strategy contents and process, and then the QFD methodology is briefly described. Following these discussions, a process of manufacturing strategy development based on QFD is proposed, and a fuzzy approach is introduced. Finally, a case is given which is able to show how to apply this methodology in practice, and concluding remarks are presented.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
The proposed methodology for developing manufacturing strategy uses QFD as a transforming device to link competitive factors with manufacturing decision categories such as structural decision categories and infrastructural categories, and uses HOQ as a main tool in different stages of manufacturing strategy development process. By integrating fuzzy set theory and house of quality, this approach is also capable to capture the imprecision and vagueness of decision-relevant inputs and to facilitate the analysis of decision-relevant QFD information. Fuzzy logic can handle inexact information and linguistic variables in a mathematically well-defined way, therefore, it is useful under the situations where strategic decisions evaluation is perceptive and experts express heterogeneous judgments. Therefore, the approach proposed in this paper provides a structural and quantitative approach for manufacturing strategy development, which could be a helpful supplement to existing descriptive processes and conceptual models. In further research, more cases need to be studied to validate this approach.
|
<urn:uuid:3e93ede5-a53c-4c79-a50d-5820bdc9fcd7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://isiarticles.com/article/10760
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92678
| 3,660
| 1.867188
| 2
|
|Honiton shown within Devon|
|OS grid reference|
|Sovereign state||United Kingdom|
|Police||Devon and Cornwall|
|Fire||Devon and Somerset|
|EU Parliament||South West England|
Honiton (// or //) is a market town and civil parish in East Devon, situated close to the River Otter, 17 miles (27 km) north east of Exeter in the county of Devon. Honiton has a population estimated at 11,822 (based on mid-year estimates for the two Honiton Wards in 2009).
The town grew along the line of the Fosse Way, the ancient Roman road linking Exeter (Isca Dumnoniorum) to Lincoln (Lindum) on which it was an important stopping point. The location is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Honetone, meaning Huna's tun or farmstead. It became an important market town, known for its lace making that was introduced by Flemish immigrants in the Elizabethan era. In the 17th century thousands of people produced lace by hand in their homes, and in the 19th century Queen Victoria had her wedding dress made of Honiton lace, though the dress itself was made in the fishing village of Beer. The town also became known for its pottery.
The buildings of High Street are almost all Georgian, dating from after the two fires of 1747 and 1765. Of particular interest are Marwood House, 1619, and the Manor House, which was originally a coaching inn (the added porch is 19th-century). Honiton Garage dates from about 1700 and the Market Hall (which originally had arcades on the ground floor and an assembly room above) has a modest early-19th-century stone front.
St Michael's Parish Church, which was rebuilt in 1911 after a fire, is situated on a small hill above the town. The old church was large and perfectly rectangular: it was built in the Perpendicular style, with two aisles, two transepts (which did not project), and the chancel and two chancel chapels equal to it in length. The west tower and the outer walls are all that remains of the old building. The cost of the original building was paid by Bishop Courtenay of Exeter, lord of the manor of Honiton (west part) and by John and Joan Takell (east part).
The mid-19th-century St Paul's Church was designed by Charles Fowler and is situated in the centre of the town. Its erection in 1835 required an act of Parliament and the demolition of half of the adjacent Allhallows Chapel. It was built in 1837–38 in a style incorporating elements of Romanesque architecture. There are pinnacles on the tower and the arcades inside have tall columns; above the nave is a clerestory which resembles those in early Christian basilicas.
Honiton is host to the annual Honiton Agricultural Show, a traditional event dating back to 1890.
The Hot Pennies ceremony takes place annually on the first Tuesday after 19 July in the High Street of the town, and dates back to the reign of King Stephen. The ceremony has its roots in the practice of landed gentry taking pleasure in throwing hot pennies from windows to local peasants, a seemingly philanthropic gesture resulting in burns. The custom also had the purpose of encouraging people to travel to the town from the surrounding area to attend a subsequent fair.
At noon, the Town Crier, accompanied by the Mayor and other local dignitaries, raises a garlanded pole with gloved hand at the top, and proclaims that "no man may be arrested so long as this glove is up". Warm pennies are then thrown from a number of balconies in the High Street to crowds of local people. The pole is then kept on display for the following "fair week". The children of Honiton Community College are allowed off campus for the duration of the Hot Pennies Ceremony itself.
Honiton is at the junction of the A35, the A30 and the A373 roads. The A30 now bypasses the town to the north. Until the bypass's construction in 1966, the town was blighted by traffic congestion. The town is 10.5 miles (17 km) from Junction 28 of the M5. Honiton railway station is on the West of England Main Line that runs from London Waterloo to Exeter.
- Admiral Samuel Graves
- Ozias Humphry – artist; miniaturist
- Alfred Leyman – artist
- Jo Pavey – athlete
- William Salter – portrait painter
- "Ward mid-year population estimates for England and Wales (experimental)". Office for National Statistics. p. 1. Retrieved 2010-11-06.
- Poulton-Smith, Anthony (15 April 2010). South Devon Place Names. Amberley Publishing Limited. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4456-3098-4.
- Moore, N.H. (1937). The Lace Book. Рипол Классик. p. 311. ISBN 978-5-87721-817-8.
- Heptinstall, Simon (2008). Devon. Crimson Publishing. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-85458-426-7.
- Fisher, Lois H. (March 1980). A literary gazetteer of England. McGraw-Hill. p. 273.
- AA traveler's color guide to Britain. Automobile Association, Random House Value Publishing. 13 November 1985. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-517-49298-7.
- Pevsner, N. (1952) South Devon. Harmondsworth: Penguin; pp. 181–83
- Kelly (1902). Kelly's directory.
- Pevsner, N. (1952) South Devon. Harmondsworth: Penguin; p. 183
- Great Britain. Lands Tribunal (1954). A Selected List of Lands Tribunal Rating Appeals. Rating and Valuation Association. p. 60.
- Honiton (2010). Honiton – A Glimpse Back, T Darrant.
- "Hot Pennies Day". Honiton Council. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- "Honiton's hot pennies - how the tradition started". ITV. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- "Honiton". Devon County Council. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
- Honiton Primary School
- Littletown Primary School
- Honiton Community College
- Honiton, Devon, UK to Station Rd/A373 – Google Maps. Maps.google.co.uk (1 January 1970). Retrieved on 22 May 2012.
- Honiton Twinning Association | Honiton Town Council. honiton.gov.uk. Retrieved on 16 April 2013.
|
<urn:uuid:2225525b-b5e0-4f96-9fff-7231ac858ebd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honiton
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.911784
| 1,434
| 2.5625
| 3
|
Given how fully the phone hacking scandal has been dominating the news, I’m surprised that, so far, there’s been very little discussion in the environment sphere of what any of it might mean in terms of climate change. The indefatigable James Murray at Business Green made the good point that anyone who cares about the planet should probably be grasping the opportunity of impending regulatory reform of the media to call for stronger obligations on news outlets to publish prominent corrections following factually dodgy reporting. So far, however, I haven’t seen anything about the other obvious aspect of all this: how changes to the media landscape resulting from this debacle may affect mainstream reporting of environmental issues.
It’s hardly surprising that most greens are, as George Monbiot tweeted it, “dancing a jig around their desks” as they watch the most powerful media empire of our age crumble under the weight of its own corruption. That’s not just because people who care about climate change happen to find Murdoch vile on issues ranging from the Iraq war to the demonisation of refugees; it’s also because News Corp has put out lots of disinformation on climate change.
In the US, News Corp owns Fox News, which has a long record of dodgy reporting on climate change – including a time last year when the station’s Washington bureau chief demanded that sceptic views featured within minutes of a science story about record high temperatures. In a very different corner of Murdoch’s US operations, the Wall Street Journal’s editorial page has for years given a platform to lobbyists seeking, as Jeffery Sachs put it, to “confuse the public and discredit the scientists whose insights are helping to save the world from unintended environmental harm”.
Over in Australia, too, where News Corp controls a large slice of the news media, the company has often taken a climate-sceptic stance – so much so that some commentators believe that it has been highly significant in slowing political progress on climate protection. Bob Brown, leader of the Australian Greens, recently described some Murdoch papers as “hate media” over their irresponsible treatment of issues such as global warming.
With all this in mind, a full-on collapse of News Corp, which is something that looks increasingly plausible as the scandal continues to run, could potentially be extremely good news for the planet. But what’s notable, when you stop to think about it, is that the company’s UK operations don’t score so badly on the environment front.
True, News International gives space to a few anti-green commentators – not least petrolhead and Chipping Norton Set member Jeremy Clarkson. Overall, though, it’s probably fair to say that News International titles are better, or at least less bad, on the environment than most of their competitors.
It’s the Mail, not the Sun, that seems to have made it a mission to sink any hope of solving climate change. The two papers’ respective stances on light bulbs is just one of many possible examples: the Sun distributed millions of low-energy bulbs to readers in a single day and ran accompanying editorial on energy saving at home; by contrast, the Mail campaigned to block the phase out of inefficient bulbs, pushed dodgy science about the risks of low-energy alternatives (see here for a flavour of their coverage) and even offered readers sets of old-fashioned bulbs via its hotline.
Further up the market, it’s the Telegraph, not the Times, that laps up the traffic from the endless stream of falsehoods put out by Christopher Booker and James Delingpole. And, further down the market, it’s the Express, not the deceased News of the World, that’s known for running splashes such as “100 reasons why climate change is natural” (a story, incidentally, that was also deemed worthy of mention by the Telegraph).
Last week, when I searched the now-defunct NotW website for the phrase “climate change”, most of the results pointed to the paper’s campaign to persuade readers to Go Green And Save. (At the time of writing you can still search the NotW via Google like this). Search the Express or Mail for comparison and you’ll find endless drivel about climate change being a global conspiracy or (the Mail’s current favourite angle) the terrifying threat of green taxes.
Thinking about all this reminded me that, a couple of years ago, the Sun was even all set to be an official partner of the 10:10 carbon-cutting campaign, in an unlikely marriage with the Guardian. We held joint events in summer 2009 to help persuade businesses and other groups to sign up to the campaign and rapidly cut their emissions. In the event, though, the Sun dropped out just before launch – around the same time, we couldn’t help noticing, that the Guardian started turning up the heat on phone-hacking at a certain Sunday tabloid.
So why would the Murdoch empire have pale tints of green in its UK outlets but take a climate sceptic stance in Australia and the US? If, as one media commentator said last week, the Murdoch media tends simply to reflect the mood of a nation back to that nation, perhaps the discrepancy can be explained by the UK being a little further ahead in terms of environmental awareness than the US or Australia.
Another plausible explanation, however, is that UK is the territory of James Murdoch, who, unlike his father, has a reputation for being green-minded. James is credited with driving the environment agenda at BSkyB, which was one of the first big companies to publicly announce its aim to become carbon neutral back in 2006 – around the same time that it starting running a Green Week of environment coverage and even gave every staff member a mini book (which I wrote) on climate change and carbon cutting. When James took over control of News International a few years ago, he stressed his ambitions to improve that company’s environmental standards, too.
I have no idea whether James’s interest in climate change stems from a deeply held concern or simply a keenness to add a veneer of ethical credibility to his various companies. Certainly it would be foolish to think that he’s some kind of crusading environmentalist who has been chomping at the bit to inherit and green-up Fox News and the other unenlightened outposts of the family empire. Whatever the truth, in between dancing jigs around our desks, anyone concerned about the climate should probably pause for a moment to consider the potential downside of the phone-hacking story: millions of NotW readers getting picked up by the fervently anti-green Mail or Express, and a News International that could live another day under the leadership of a freshly imposed News Corp executive much less sympathetic to environmental issues than James Murdoch. In other words, a Sun that looks more like Fox News on climate change, and a Times that looks more like the Wall Street Journal.
Not that I want to spoil anyone’s fun, though. I did only say a pause. Now back to that jig …
Posted by Duncan Clark, @theduncanclark. This post can be reproduced elsewhere, provided it appears with a byline and a link back to this page.
|
<urn:uuid:469aea8d-ad54-4ba6-9cb4-b5747888953d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://minormass.com/2011/07/hackgate-good-news-or-bad-for-the-climate/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.953133
| 1,510
| 2.15625
| 2
|
Forget the traditional smooth wood sculptures that you see around you, this Taiwanese sculptor ‘pixilates’ his sculptures to create monochromatic figures that portray a sense of movement and displacement. Meet Hsu Tung Han, who is a master of combining the traditional with the contemporary.
Han achieves his unique style by using ‘pixilation’ in all his sculptures, that is, some blocks protrude from his sculptures, while some are displaced from them. He places each ‘pixel’ with such finesse that it infuses the sculptures with a kind of dynamism that is totally missing in the traditional ones. He has been able to achieve such stunning effects in his sculptures by handling his works like a jigsaw puzzle, fitting out each piece as a ‘pixel’.
Of course, to create such complex pixelated wood sculptures, this contemporary sculptor first carefully plans them through sketches and clay models and then expertly carves the final wood segments. He uses the traditional wood carving methods using the age-old wood carving tools, but he uses only specific woods for his sculptures that include walnut, teak, and African wax wood. His creations range from simple to complex and are created from a single piece of wood.
The sculptures of this outstanding wood sculptor are to be seen to be believed. For instance, his sculpture of a baseball catcher is amazingly detailed and depicts the player’s uniform and equipment from his shin guards to his mask. However, the protruding pieces of wood on his mitt and other parts of his body give the impression of quick motion, much like that seen in comics.
Besides human figures, Han has also delved into other subjects that include animals and objects, such as the knight in the game of chess that showcases the raw power of the horse, brought out by the expert chiseling of its muscles and interspersed with ‘pixilated’ wood blocks, for effect. Another delicate piece, titled ‘Snowing’ shows two cranes, rendered in light-colored wood, nestled together.
Once Han started uploading his futuristic pixilated sculptures on the internet, his signature style has been lauded by viewers and made his sculptures popular in no time. People realized the beauty of his creations that never seem fully formed but exudes a kind of dynamism that seems to set them into motion.
Han’s sculptures can be seen on many websites on the internet and have attracted almost 50,000 views on Instagram alone.
Hsu Tung Han
|
<urn:uuid:5ff62067-2113-40f7-9f7b-093c77136f72>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://awesomebyte.com/hsu-tung-han-pixelated-wood-sculpture/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00278.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982542
| 524
| 1.695313
| 2
|
Almost half of caregivers looking after a loved one with a disability or special needs took on the responsibilities by default – a job that on average spans nine years, according to a new study.
For many, the role of family caregiver is assumed without question, and can be a rewarding job. But it can also take a toll on the individual’s own financial, mental, emotional and physical needs, as well as impact future retirement security. Caregiving can consume a person’s schedule, require time away from the workplace, incur out-of-pocket expenses and become draining when juggling other everyday chores and necessities.
Seven in 10 caregivers said they were so focused on the responsibilities of caregiving that they put off addressing their own needs, according to Fidelity Investments’ 2022 American Caregivers Study, which surveyed 766 U.S. adults who act as a family caregiver to a loved one. Almost 8 in 10 survey respondents said they currently or intend to rely on a combination of the family member’s work income as well as their own, and another 74% said they rely or expect to rely on government benefits to pay for care.
See: Working and expected to be a family caregiver? 3 ways to protect yourself
The number of Americans who assumed the role of unpaid family caregiver rose from 43.5 million in 2015 to 53 million in 2020, according to a National Alliance for Caregiving and AARP study. There were also increases in the numbers of Americans caring for more than one person or caring for someone with dementia. Almost a quarter of family caregivers said the job made their own health worse, the study found.
The pandemic has added to the stresses on families with a loved one in need, or provided some insight into what family caregiving could become in the future. A third of Fidelity’s respondents said they have permanently lost or reduced income, and 40% said they expect ongoing challenges through the pandemic for finding resources and securing health care for their loved ones. Two-thirds of participants said they felt more isolated from the pandemic, and 24% said they are afraid this may be “a long-term situation.”
Also see: My sister and I cared for our parents until they died, but our other siblings don’t want to compensate us
Having a plan helps – in multiple areas of caregiving, Fidelity said. Individuals taking on these responsibilities should think carefully and plan for their and their loved ones’ finances during caregiving, as well as their own self-care and communication with other family members. These conversations can be difficult to have but discussing roles, responsibilities, expectations and finances before the caregiving begins can relieve some of the stresses of the job, for everyone involved.
|
<urn:uuid:cbf4ef06-ad45-469f-af0d-a99f4562a708>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://stocksmarket.in/408153/2022/07/28/you-may-become-a-family-caregiver-soon-and-not-even-know-it/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00472.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976007
| 564
| 1.960938
| 2
|
ORAL PRESENTATIONS (04/12/2015):
This presentation should be made by the whole group and each of the group's components should speak for roughly the same amount of time.
Even though the presentation is made in English, I will not be evaluating your English proficiency at this point. My interest is in evaluating the way you present the data you collected.
Each presentation should last approximately 15 min.
At the end of each of the presentations, the group can point out one (or more) aspect(s) of the exam that caught their attention.
You should also bring some examples of questions (both for reading and for writing) to show your colleagues. My suggestion is that you copy these sample questions to a word file and make about 15 copies for the whole group to have access to it.
WRITTEN PAPER (due on 04/12/2015):
- The paper should be a report of your findings in relation to the exam you analyzed. In the same way you did in the oral presentation, you should end the paper with one (or more) aspect(s) of the exam that caught your attention.
- The whole group should hand in ONE paper (i.e., it's not an individual report).
- As regards format, you should use Times New Roman 12, 1 1/2 spacing between lines.
- There is no minimum or maximum number of papes for this anaylys. Write as much as you think it is necessary for you to describe the exam and reflect about it.
- The paper should have 3 sections: Describing the exam, analysing it, and conclusion.
If you have any questions, talk to me!
P.S.: remember that I'll be in our usual classroom, at our usual time, on Tuesday and Friday next week in case you want to come to talk to me about the PCC.
|
<urn:uuid:530763f1-6d8e-49e6-b0d3-22791dbd0cf2>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://moodle.ufsc.br/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=251971
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.950925
| 394
| 2.0625
| 2
|
The Touchcolor graphics tablet concept has been specifically designed to help the visually impaired draw and paint. Using the devices rainbow picture to choose your colours the user can then apply that to the picture using their fingers and thermal art board.
The device differentiates different colours by generating varied temperatures using LED bulbs. The thermal art board then records the line, pressure and colour the artist is using to create the final picture.
Via TuvieFiled Under: Concepts & Design, Design News, Gadgets News, Hardware
|
<urn:uuid:f2bc0331-916b-4880-9e1f-4643dff79e59>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.geeky-gadgets.com/touchcolor-graphics-tablet-for-the-12-08-2009/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00226-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.876314
| 103
| 2.078125
| 2
|
Literacy is an important part of assuring that children have every opportunity as they grow. Research indicates that if a child is not at grade level reading by the 3rd grade, they will have a more difficult time attaining grade level standards later in life. With this in mind, the Community Literacy Committee agreed to develop a county-wide plan with the following objectives:
- To provide consistency across districts in the expectations for reading and pre-reading skills in grades K, 1, 2 and 3.
- To provide common assessments for Kindergarten and Grade 1 so that students, parents, teachers and the community understand the level of proficiency students should strive for to be considered “on grade level” at the end of each year (Kindergarten and Grade 1).
- To build a common language around the skills necessary for Grades 2 and 3 students to be considered “on grade level” in reading at the end of each year (Grade 2 and 3).
Read for the Record
Jumpstart’s Read for the Record brings together millions of people each year in classrooms, libraries, community centers, and homes across the US. This annual campaign highlights the importance of building early literacy and language skills for every child. The earlier children develop these skills, the more likely they are to succeed in school.
First 5 Shasta and Reach Higher Shasta work together to coordinate Shasta County’s participation in this event, providing the book and other resources for over 150 readings at free public story times and in classrooms, parks, and child care centers in the community. All local adults and children gathering to Read for the Record will help set a new record for shared reading with children.
Little Free Libraries
Little Free Libraries provide literacy opportunities for families and communities worldwide. Reach Higher Shasta, in partnership with the City of Redding, is proud to present Shasta County’s Little Free Libraries. Books for all ages can be found in our Little Free Libraries throughout Shasta County. Anyone can borrow books, completely free of charge. To see the locations of our Little Free Libraries, visit our Little Free Libraries Map.
Interested in hosting a Little Free Library in your neighborhood?
Visit Little Free Libraries for more information.
California Reading & Literacy Project
Since 2016, Reach Higher Shasta has sponsored the California Reading & Literacy Project (CRLP) in Shasta County. CRLP trains K-3 on the best instructional practices for literacy development and language skills. In the past three years, CRLP has trained over 185 teachers.
Training teachers through CRLP has been shown to improve student literacy outcomes. To see more data on the effectiveness of CRLP, visit our impact page.
|
<urn:uuid:f1328cbb-04ab-4640-8dd4-9a7d20a13f32>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://reachhighershasta.com/communityliteracy/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00073.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.92047
| 563
| 3.296875
| 3
|
With good reason, lots of people are really upset about what has happened to our country over the past decade: torture, war-mongering, corruption, willful mismanagement, election fraud, socialism for the rich, outsourcing of jobs and profits, increasing concentration of wealth, lack of accountability, suppression of scientific findings, prosecution of innocent people … you name it.
Many people are calling for civil disobedience, because the political system seems not to be working as it should. In The Best Among Us; Join the Revolt On Wall Street or Stand On The Wrong Side of History Christ Hedges writes:
There are no excuses left. Either you join the revolt taking place on Wall Street and in the financial districts of other cities across the country or you stand on the wrong side of history. Either you obstruct, in the only form left to us, which is civil disobedience, the plundering by the criminal class on Wall Street and accelerated destruction of the ecosystem that sustains the human species, or become the passive enabler of a monstrous evil. Either you taste, feel and smell the intoxication of freedom and revolt or sink into the miasma of despair and apathy. Either you are a rebel or a slave.
He forgot to mention the torture and illegal wars and many other crimes and misdeeds.
But most people — including me — are too scared, or passive, or invested, or smart (?), to protest in the streets and risk arrest. Things are bad and getting worse, but it’s not clear where such protests would lead. In the short and medium term, they could very well lead to social unrest, economic collapse, oppression, or worse. Disruptive civil disobedience seems like a an act of desperation.
Perhaps the situation is indeed grim but protest is unlikely to help. Perhaps we need to wait for a viable third political party or for a resurgence of a progressive Democratic Party.
Or maybe I’m just a wimp and I’m complicit in great injustice.
Has injustice reached levels warranting disruptive civil disobedience? Do you think such protest is effective?
|
<urn:uuid:71e5fec1-e539-405b-8797-c2d5bf1b634e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://waliberals.org/are-things-bad-enough-yet/2011/09/30/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00071.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946293
| 427
| 1.632813
| 2
|
Announced at MWC in Barcelona, and now available for free download, BES Express takes the familiar enterprise-grade BlackBerry server, lops off a few features and delivers a surprisingly capable small business mobile email solution. The one thing about BES Express that isn’t Express is the download. It’s a hefty 650MB, and will take a while to download over a typical SMB broadband connection. That’s pretty much the only downside on this free version of the popular BlackBerry Enterprise Server push-email system.
So what is BES Express? It’s a version of the enterprise BES 5.0 system, with many of the capabilities of its more powerful sibling. There were a lot of rumours following the BES Express announcement at Mobile World Congress. Some said it would be based on the venerable BES 4.6 platform, others said you’d only be able to provision devices connected the BES Express server. Still others said there’d be a $5 per month charge for each user, and a limit of 70 users. Those rumours were all wrong. It’s easy to see where the rumours came from. BES Express replaces the old BlackBerry Professional System, which was based on BES 4.6. Device provisioning is different with BES Express, as one of the biggest differences between it and BES is BES Express’ support for consumer BlackBerry devices without BES data plans — users who would normally be using the BlackBerry Internet Service. Their devices need to be provisioned through RIM’s desktop tools or using BES Express’ web-based self-service desktop, unlike devices with BES data plans which can use BES Express’ over-the-air activation tools. There are no user limits, or user charges (RIM will still be getting revenue from mobile operators for BES Express users, much like it does for traditional BES or BIS users).
Tom Goguen, RIM’s Vice President of Product Management for BES Express points out that while server capacity limits BES Express to “up to 75 to 100 users on same hardware as an existing Exchange Server, it’s very feasible to install on a second server, which means it’s feasible for BES Express to support 2000 users. In fact people could have multiple servers, so in theory they could have 100 thousand people connected.”
Like BES 5.0, BES Express has a web-based user interface, and its own Apache-based Java web application server to handle integration with the BlackBerry. That means your best option is to install it on a server that’s not running IIS. The two can run together, but you will need to change the secure HTTP ports used for the administration and user web front-ends. Again like BES, you get the option of installing different components on different servers — but as BES Express is intended for SMB users, it’s probably best to stick with the default single server installation.
BES Express has many fewer user policies than its more enterprise-focused sibling. That’s not a problem — the key policies you’ll need are here, from managing password rules to ensuring that users can’t fill their business phones with games and other downloads. You can also turn off cameras and control the attachments users can download. You can deliver different policies to different users (or specific policies to specific groups of users), as BES Express uses Active Directory to manage users, groups and roles.
One interesting use for BES Express is to quickly extend the reach of an existing BES installation. Instead of giving all your users access to high-end BES features like PABX integration or links to line of business applications, you can keep those for the staff who need them, and use BES Express to just manage email and contacts for everyone else, without having to invest in BES client access licences and in additional BES servers. You won’t get the business continuity features of BES 5.0 with BES Express, but you will be able to provide a best effort service for your users — especially those who have brought their own devices.
So why a free BES now? There’s been a major shift in RIM’s strategy over the last few years, opening BlackBerry up to consumer and SMB. That’s led to a huge explosion in the number of BlackBerry devices out there, and in the number of people relying on BlackBerry for email and PIM. The consumer BlackBerry Internet Service works well for email, but can’t handle calendar and contacts (although tools like Google’s Sync have provided some workarounds). BIS isn’t true push mail either, as it uses a scheduled scrape to extract mail from POP3, IMAP4 and Outlook Web Access, before pushing it to devices. But that’s not enough for small businesses, which need all the push features of BES — without the high-end enterprise data connectivity tools and unified messaging features.
This is BES for the rest of us, for the small and home business looking for a quick and easy way to push mail to users and devices on the road, without having to worry about which data plan they’re on and how many CALs you’ve ordered. BES Express is well worth considering for even one or two BlackBerrys. It’s a quick install, and like BES 5.0 needs very little administration when it’s up and running. All you need to do is set up your users, and they can do most of the work themselves — even running their own remote wipe when their phones get lost.
|
<urn:uuid:8c9ea3ed-c96d-463a-9c07-d547b8ff83ff>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.zdnet.com/article/rim-blackberry-enterprise-server-express/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.925692
| 1,184
| 1.523438
| 2
|
November 1, 2017 4:02:42 am
Rotaract Club Chandigarh Himalayan supporters in association with members of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animal (PETA) assembled at the Sukhna Lake on Tuesday, to mark World Vegan Day. Clad in animal bodysuits and cow-buffalo masks with red painted palms, the protesters stood in a stall, holding banners claiming, “Dairy cattle are killed for beef. Try vegan.”
“Several vegetarians who consume milk and other dairy products have no idea, they are supporting the beef industry by doing so,” said Ayushi Sharma, a PETA campaign assistant from Mumbai, who is traveling throughout the northern part of the country to create awareness about the cruelty against animals. “Yet in India, cattle are not raised specifically for beef, rather, this industry gets its cattle supply from the dairy industry,” added Ayushi.
PETA members expressed their pain on behalf of animals and how the dairy industry is systematically inhumane. Farmers repeatedly inmpregnate cows and buffaloes through artificial insemination which is equal to rape.
Enlightening the people about the dairy farmers Shambhavi, a PETA member said , “Farmers commonly inject their cattle with Oxycontin, to force them to produce more milk which causes pain similar to a labor pain. Cows and buffaloes are treated like milk machines. Shortly after the cow or buffalo gives birth, their calves are taken away from them. If the calf is female it is kept as a milk producer and if is a male, it is absconded for starving in the streets or sold to slaughter houses.”
📣 Join our Telegram channel (The Indian Express) for the latest news and updates
- The Indian Express website has been rated GREEN for its credibility and trustworthiness by Newsguard, a global service that rates news sources for their journalistic standards.
|
<urn:uuid:4dc9b8dd-3bda-49d2-8464-6594f7f8b438>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://indianexpress.com/article/chandigarh/vegetarians-who-consume-milk-are-supporting-beef-industry-says-peta-4916439/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00078.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962444
| 406
| 1.804688
| 2
|
Just one year ago, Anthony Powell – who will be running his 78th marathon on Sunday – received the most devastating news any parent can get.
Doctors said his 15-year-old daughter Natasha Powell had stage four Hodgkin lymphoma. The cancer had spread to her spleen, neck, stomach, lymph nodes, groin and chest.
She had been a normal, healthy teenager until she started to feel unwell and found a lump in her neck.
Natasha was immediately admitted to the specialist Teenage Cancer Trust Unit at the University Hospital of Wales in Cardiff for intensive chemotherapy. After seven months of treatment, Natasha was discharged and is currently in remission.
Anthony, 47, said: “From the second Natasha arrived at the Teenage Cancer Trust Unit, she was cared for and supported every step of the way.
“The staff were fantastic and explained everything that was going to happen. Natasha received the most incredible support and, as a family, we are so grateful to the charity for providing the care for Natasha throughout her cancer treatment.
Seven young people are diagnosed every day
“I am running the marathon this time to help make a difference to other young people with cancer and give something back to Teenage Cancer Trust. My aim is beat my personal best of 2:52.33 and raise £500 for the charity.”
The Teenage Cancer Trust said that every day around seven young people aged between 13 and 24 are diagnosed with cancer in the UK.
Traditionally treated alongside children or elderly patients at the end of their lives, they can feel extremely isolated. Being treated alongside others their own age in a Teenage Cancer Trust Unit can make a huge difference to their whole experience.
The state-of-the-art units are designed to feel like a home from home, where young people feel comfortable. The walls are bright, the furniture is funky, there are pool tables, a jukebox and a place to watch films and surf the net.
• If you would like to sponsor Anthony Powell go to justgiving.com/Anthony-Powell26
“If she can get through each and every day with four injections, dealing with low blood sugar levels, high blood sugar levels, feeling like rubbish, sore fingers due to four finger pricks daily to check blood sugar levels, painful injection sites, only to name a few of the daily challenges ...then I can sure as hell drag my backside around 26.2 miles.”
Watching her daughter Gwen Richards, 15, cope with diabetes Type 1 since the age of seven has made Lindsey Wegner , from Ewenny, determined to complete the London Marathon and raise money for the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF).
'Our whole world turned upside down'
“I’m raising money for JDRF to fund the vital research that is going on right now to figure out how to cure and prevent childhood diabetes,” said the 38-year-old, who is a business support manager for a print and design company.
“On October 2, 2007, four days before her seventh birthday, Gwen was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. Our whole world turned upside down.
“From day one, Gwen took control and did her own four daily injections. Never cried, never got angry, never questioned ‘Why me?’
“And almost nine years later we are all still adjusting, but Gwen continues to live her life to the max, never allowing diabetes to get in the way,” said Lindsey, who also lives with partner Simon Richards and daughter Ava Richards, six.
'Gwen's courage and strength blows us away'
She added that last year Gwen was hospitalised twice due to complications with her diabetes.
“But she still continues to get on, with a smile on her face, with a courage and a strength that blows us away.”
Lindsey said she does not class herself as a runner, having taken up the sport just three years ago to lose weight.
“I entered the 5K Race for Life which led to a 10K Race for Life raising money for Cancer Research as my mum was diagnosed with cancer around that time, and then the Swansea and Cardiff half marathons last year.
“My dad ran the London Marathon in 1984, and this seemed to be the next step for me seeing as I’d caught the running bug!”
• If you would like to sponsor Lindsey go to uk.virginmoneygiving.com/LindseyWegner
|
<urn:uuid:f801db79-2a31-4172-8aee-aa4158271b4f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/parents-running-26-miles-tribute-11206427
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00670.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.96923
| 948
| 1.8125
| 2
|
55 Glass - Soundproof Glass
55 Glass Los Angeles carries a unique laminated soundproof glass. Soundproof glass was designed in Europe for one reason: to keep noise out. Of course, our soundproof glass will also keep noise in for sound room applications.
Soundproof glass, or acoustical glass as it is also known, is not completely soundproof. No glass can make that claim, however, our soundproof glass is designed for noise reduction. It is much more than just laminated glass because the interlayer is thicker and designed specifically for noise reduction.
For the best results, it is recommended to use two pieces of soundproof glass with as large of an air space as possible in between resulting in a total of four pieces of glass. But it could also be used with a piece of 1/4" tempered glass facing outward. This type of manufacturing effectively makes this bomb-resistant glass. The theory is that the tempered glass facing a blast will break into very small pieces which will not penetrate the laminated glass. This make-up may also be used for skylight installations. Another application is to use Solarcool glass with the soundproof glass. The reflective surface of the Solarcool glass would be facing out with the soundproof glass facing the inside. This is the best way to keep noise and heat out.
Soundproof glass is a laminated glass. When used correctly, regular laminated glass will do a great deal to reduce noise. In fact, in our experience one piece of laminated glass will reduce noise better than a double or even a triple pane in an insulated glass unit.
Click here for more informaton on lami glass:
We are located at:
Will call hours are 7:30 a.m.-3:45 p.m. Pacific Time, Monday-Friday
|
<urn:uuid:e6fee46e-13a1-4acc-905b-1ee3d3088a2b>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://55glass.com/soundproofglass.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00023-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957473
| 373
| 1.570313
| 2
|
Enter Ell Hall from Krentzman Quad, and you’ll hear music echoing throughout the lobby. The same intriguing sounds can be heard while walking down the corridor leading from the Curry Student Center indoor quad.
They’re coming from Gallery 360’s first-of-its-kind sound installation, featuring work by the late Earle Brown, who studied at Northeastern in the 1940s and was a leading composer of the American avant-garde since the 1950s. Running through Feb. 26, the exhibit is the result of a collaboration between Gallery 360 and Northeastern’s Department of Music in the College of Arts, Media and Design.
The show marks the U.S. premiere of Brown’s sound installation Music for Galerie Stadler (1964). Brown originally created the electroacoustic work for an exhibit in Paris in collaboration with artist David Budd and poet William Burroughs. Four tape tracks distinct in content and duration are continuously looped and channeled through four speakers to yield a shifting texture of sound. Linger in the environment long enough and hear rare bits of Brown improvising on trumpet.
Rebecca Kim, a postdoctoral teaching associate in the music department, organized the installation and exhibit with gallery curator Bruce Ployer and Mike Frengel, an academic specialist in the music department. “Gallery 360 has created a space to discover Earle Brown through sound and image, and to experience this environment over and over again in any manner one chooses,” Kim said. “You might walk through the space every week on the way to class, or stop to view a wall of images and notice a counterpoint between two channels while standing directly under two speakers.”
The exhibition features more than 30 photographs and documents from Brown’s career, many of them showcased for the first time. Contributors to the collection comprise the Earle Brown Music Foundation, Lunenburg Historical Society, Northeastern University Archives, the private collections of James Klosty and Carolyn Brown, and the Boston Symphony Orchestra Archives.
The exhibit’s unveiling coincided with “Beyond Notation: An Earle Brown Symposium.” The conference was hosted last month by Northeastern University with support from The Earle Brown Music Foundation and featured talks and concerts at the Fenway Center, Blackman Auditorium, and Calderwood Hall of the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum.
This article was originally published by Greg St. Martin via news@Northeastern
|
<urn:uuid:a1dd4371-83e6-475d-bc5f-12cc7ecf38d4>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://camd.northeastern.edu/music/2013/02/06/the-sights-and-sounds-of-music/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00504-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936732
| 508
| 1.84375
| 2
|
This is not very Fairport-ish, but an article in the March issue of Communications of the ACM, “Twitter as Medium and Message” by Neil Savage, finally reveals some value of Twitter. It has always seemed to me that there is so much “noise” on Twitter (inane posts about how many phone calls you got today) that I can’t possibly hope to filter it and see the few “good” posts unless I’m literally reading tweets all the time. But the article describes research that examines tweets as a whole to find widespread trends.
For example, if a whole bunch of people tweet about flu symptoms in a geographical area, health and school officials can plan for a flu outbreak. It’s not scientific, exactly, and the sample of comments comes only from people who tweet (not the whole population), and the data is limited (140 characters per tweet). But, the research shows that with so many tweets (90 million per day), statistically reliable predictions can be made.
So, that’s the value. If you’re not tweeting, then you’re not feeding the system that could be used (or already is being used) for public policy decisions. There is some danger in skewed results due to special interest groups tweeting lies or biased information (“Twitter bombs”). At, say, the Fairport level, the sample is small enough that a half dozen tweets could look like a trend, so you wouldn’t want to close the schools because of that. But with larger samples (millions), a special interest group would not really be able to skew the statistics.
Having said all that, while the tweets provide value when absorbed all at once, the individual reader still has a tough time weeding out the noise, one at a time. I see the value in tweeting, but not reading the tweets.
|
<urn:uuid:626a0fe5-f594-4697-b8ce-7f540d406982>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://blogs.democratandchronicle.com/fairport/?tag=twitter
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946356
| 393
| 1.9375
| 2
|
Problems For Police Returning Stolen Property
Residents need to note serial number to help get items back
Local police have warned people to make a record of serial numbers on phones, electronic equipment and bicycles in case of theft.
The latest police report from Turnham Green ward says that while police regularly recover stolen property, it is often not returned to its rightful owner because they were unable to give serial numbers when reporting the crime.
A police spokesman in Chiswick said; "When property is recovered police search to see if the serial number is listed on our crime records or the National Mobile Property Register. It doesn’t take long to make a record of your serial numbers and can greatly increase the chance of your property being returned to you should the worst happen.
"The immobilise website is a great resource for recording details of your valuables and is supported by many police forces."
- Mobile phones have a unique IMEI number. To find this for your phone, press *#06# on the keypad and write down the long number.
Theft from motor vehicles - 6 theft from motor vehicle offences have been reported this fortnight.
PC Barry Stingmore Turnham Green Dedicated Ward Officer
Follow Hounslow Police on Twitter: @MPSHounslow
May 23, 2014
|
<urn:uuid:25e26f7f-00c7-4036-a707-d4dfcb381b2c>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.chiswickw4.com/info/concrime766.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00169-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.930022
| 267
| 1.671875
| 2
|
Welcome to our eighty-first Development Status update.
Let’s get straight to business.
Hello, dear mechanics. We would like to introduce you to the finished and implemented to the game model of the American tank destroyer M10 Wolverine.
The M10 tank destroyer was an American tank destroyer of World War II. After US entry into World War II and the formation of the Tank Destroyer Force, a suitable vehicle was needed to equip the new battalions. By November 1941, the Army requested a vehicle with a gun in a fully rotating turret after other interim models were criticized for being too poorly designed. The prototype of the M10 was conceived in early 1942, being delivered in April of that year.
Little disclaimer, ammunition placed inside ammunition storage is added here on promotion purpose. We are working on implementing this feature into the game.
If you have any suggestions, ideas or questions share it with us! 🙂
TMS Official Discord server – https://discord.gg/HPbJj9y
TMS Official Feedback Tracker
Or write to us at email@example.com
Have a good day and see you next week!
|
<urn:uuid:1b255107-7144-41f9-8e9b-db9e5534e939>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://tankmechanic.degenerals.com/dev-status/development-status-81/?replytocom=931
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934941
| 278
| 1.53125
| 2
|
This is a common result after years of having the Amalgam (silver) fillings in our back chewing teeth. Over time, these fillings start to open up and leak- allowing the saliva and bacteria to seep into the space between the filling and the tooth. Another cause of this is the staining from the Amalgam fillings. The Amalgam slowly starts to stain the teeth and can also sometimes stain the surrounding tissue- causing what is called: "Amalgam tattoos". The stained teeth start to appear gray. This may be an indication that it is time to have those fillings changed and the teeth examined to confirm there is no decay underneath the fillings. I hightly recommend going in to see your dentist to have these teeth examined. You may want to consider having these teeth treated with composite resin fillings or porcelain restorations. Discuss all your options with your dentist. Good luck!
Dr. Parnaz Aurasteh
|
<urn:uuid:21de93ef-1a61-4654-ad56-e0f47406ded3>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
https://www.realself.com/question/i-three-gray-teeth-in-the-back-silver-fillings-the-cause-real-painsometimes-dull
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00128-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939235
| 198
| 1.578125
| 2
|
From the scientific perspective, the research group is focused in exploring molecular recognition events from the chemical perspective, mostly in unravelling the molecular basis of the recognition of glycans by receptors in solution.
The group employs a multidisciplinary approach, using the synergic combination of organic synthesis, protein biochemistry and molecular biology, biophysics, molecular modeling, and NMR, using a wide network of collaborations with specialists worldwide.
Major contributions in the field include our systematic studies on the interactions of glycans with specific lectins (the 1st reported NMR structure of a glycan/lectin complex was achieved in his lab in 1995). Such detailed investigations have contributed significantly to our global understanding of glycan-mediated interactions in health and disease, including infectious and inflammatory processes. These studies conducted to the 2010 International Whistler Award in Carbohydrate Chemistry, following the Bruker award of the NMR division of RSEQ (2008) and the Janssen-Cilag award of RSEQ (2003).
The group does not only apply, but also develop, NMR methods for studying the structural and dynamic properties of ligands and their interaction with relevant proteins. Particularly, the fine chemical details of the interactions between sugars and proteins have been explored, with special emphasis on the relative role of sugar-aromatic stacking forces in the recognition process. The origin and relative importance of the forces that mediate these interactions are still under study and are a key part of the research in the group. Recent advances in our research are focused on disentangling how receptors recognise a given epitope in complex N-glycans, which present multiple epitopes. This has lead to the use of a precise NMR methodology, even using living cells, assisted by molecular dynamics and biophysical and structural biology methods, including X-ray crystallography. Recent methodology developments have permitted to use paramagnetic metals (lanthanides) to unravel hidden conformational features of N-glycans and to detect their molecular recognition events. The use of lanthanides is complementary to the employment and generation of other chemical novel NMR-sensitive tags, especially those based on 19F nuclei. The expansion, exploitation, and generalization of these novel concepts is generating a breakthrough in the field, with huge possibilities in the molecular recognition arena, permitting the access to the detailed study of the interactions of large and complex glycans, which were previously inaccessible to the study by NMR or other means, due to their intrinsic flexibility.
Key projects of the group involve detailed multidisciplinary investigations on galectins and C-type lectins, under the guidance of Dr. Ana Ardá (Ramón y Cajal fellow), as well as on siglecs, a novel research topic for the group, under the supervision of Dr. June Ereño-Orbea (Ikerbasque Research Fellow). The different members of the group enjoy from different collaborations throughout the world, including Europe, North America, South America, Australia, and Asia. Besides the funding from AEI, the group is currently funded by the EC (ERC AdG 2018 RECGLYCANMR to J. Jimenez-Barbero, ITN 2019 BactiVAX to J Jimenez-Barbero, and ITN 2020 Glytunes to J. Ereño-Orbea). Research collaborations and contracts with different companies within the Basque Country, Spain, and other countries in Europe also provide added value to our investigations.
Life & Medical Sciences
- Biosciences & Health
- Molecular recognition events from the chemical perspective
|
<urn:uuid:72967d59-85e7-4026-873c-9f8d92792d48>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://science.eus/es/groups/chemical-glycobiology-lab
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00471.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.920974
| 740
| 1.640625
| 2
|
Social housing often ends up in poorly designed buildings, but that’s not the case for the environmentally sustainable Trinity Apartments in Australia’s West Footscray. Designed by k20 Architecture, the 24-unit apartment building offers low-cost housing with a design quality often reserved for the private sector. Funded by public-private partnerships, Trinity Apartments boasts an impressive 9.1 sustainability star rating on the Nationwide House Energy Rating Scheme (NatHERS), a 10-star system that rates the energy efficiency of residential developments.
The Trinity Apartments set itself apart not only for its design and environmentally friendly features, but also for its genesis. The Directors of k20 Architecture selected and purchased the land and even raised the funds necessary to execute the project. The country’s National Rental Assistance Scheme (NRAS), a policy that uses private investment tax offsets to drive the development of low-cost housing, helped create the project foundation.
The design concept for the Trinity Apartments draws from the notion of trinity, a concept born from religion that suggests balance and unity in the state of being three. Inspired by its location at the junction of three major crossroads in West Footscray, the trinity concept manifests itself in the building’s layout and facade, which feature Y-shaped patterns in the custom-designed precast concrete walls on the east and west. The shape appears again in the form of large roof cutouts in the north and south elevations.
The interior is filled with natural light thanks to ample double-glazing and a three-story atrium at the entry. A larger-than-average foyer offers panoramic views of the city and helps foster social interaction among occupants. A rear social garden connects residents to nature, Stoney Creek, and the broader community. Passive solar design principles, high levels of insulation, eco-sensitive finishes, energy-efficient fittings, as well as motion and light sensors minimize energy use.
Images via k20 Architecture
|
<urn:uuid:d766902d-7b92-41de-98a9-d9dc8ed978a9>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://inhabitat.com/passive-solar-trinity-apartments-is-a-trendsetter-for-eco-friendly-social-housing-in-australia/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00464-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948669
| 408
| 1.9375
| 2
|
Date of this Version
The climate of Turkey, which is mainly characterized by the Mediterranean macro climate, results from the seasonal alternation of frontal depressions with polar air masses and subtropical high pressures with subsiding maritime tropical and continental tropical air masses. Continental tropical airstreams from the northern African and Arabian deserts particularly dominate throughout the summer, by causing long-lasting warm (hot) and dry conditions over Turkey (except the Black Sea region and northeastern Anatolia). Turkey has an area of 779,452 km2 and an average elevation of 1,132 m.
This study outlines some spatial and temporal characteristics of Turkey’s rainfall, particularly in terms of drought and rainfall variability for the period 1930–93. Mean characteristics of the rainfall data were investigated for 99 stations, and then variations of Turkey’s 91-station normalized rainfall series and spatial distribution of the normalized rainfall index were analyzed. Average record length of these stations is about 60 years. Approximately 67% of the countrywide annual rainfall occurs during the cold winter (40%) and cool spring (26.6%), when the eastern Mediterranean basin, Balkans, and Turkey are influenced by the frontal mid-latitude and Mediterranean depressions. Contributions of autumn and summer rainfall are about 23% and 10%, respectively, of the annual total. In area-averaged series for the Mediterranean region, winter rainfall reaches its maximum value at about 53% of the annual total, and summer rainfall declines to about 4% of the annual total. The number of stations in each rainfall regime region is given in Table 1, and the location of 99 stations is shown in Figure 1.
|
<urn:uuid:9247cf16-3e18-4775-8392-09b110c9e31e>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/droughtnetnews/84/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.93051
| 329
| 3.671875
| 4
|
Stuff co.nz 15 November 2015
Tiny Tia-Jane’s super-human fight for life started when she put her foot in it.
Her mother, Wellingtonian Alysha McVeigh, went into labour only 22 weeks and five days into a pregnancy that was her only chance of a child.
Tia-Jane’s chances were remote because there were still two days to go to reach the crucial deadline of 23 weeks – under hospital policy, a baby born any earlier would be left to die.
“The miraculous thing is [Tia-Jane] put her foot in my cervix.”
Her unborn baby’s fancy footwork plugged the flow of amniotic fluid, which ensured her womb remained a safe haven for a vital bit longer.
By then, Alysha had already spent two and a half weeks in Wellington Hospital on total bedrest because the protective amniotic sac around Tia-Jane had bulged dangerously into the birth canal.
|
<urn:uuid:be3190ef-21ab-4274-8513-eb2fa4fbaabc>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://chooselife.org.nz/born-at-23-weeks-tia-jane-is-fighting-on/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00272.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95344
| 260
| 2.0625
| 2
|
What is authentic Catholic social doctrine?
Since the Encyclical (Rerum Novarum) in 1891, the Church has spoken many times on social justice. In 2004 the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace published a 300 page document titled the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church which exhaustively reviews all Catholic teachings on social justice in all spheres, not just economic. The Compendium reaffirms Rerum Novarum is “a lasting paradigm” for the Church’s social doctrine.
The institution closest to the conditions on the ground should handle responsibility for overseeing and controlling that activity. In other words, if a municipal government can handle a social responsibility, such as community planning, or water supply, it should do so rather than a national government.
Protect property rights
- Socialism is not a remedy to social ills.
- Private property is an unalienable right.
Respect for work and the worker
- The fruits of one's labor are to be the sole property of the individual. No one has a right to take your property.
- Wage negotiations should be free agreements between the workingman and the employer.
- Employers owe their workers a just wage sufficient to support a frugal and well-behaved wage earner.
- Workers owe your employer a fair and honest days work.
- “The free market is an institution of social importance because of its capacity to guarantee effective results in the production of goods and services.”
- “Freedom is the highest sign in man of his being made in the divine image and, consequently, is a sign of the sublime dignity of every human person.”
- No Christian, in light of the fact that he belongs to a united and fraternal community, should feel that he has the right not to work and to live at the expense of others (cf. 2 Thes 3:6-12). Rather, all are charged by the Apostle Paul to make it a point of honour to work with their own hands, so as to “be dependent on nobody” (1 Thes 4:12).
Work for the Common Good
The common good is "the sum total of social conditions which allow people, either as groups or as individuals, to reach their fulfillment more fully and more easily" (Pope John XXIII: Pacem in Terris 55)Pope John Paul II said:
[The Common Good] "is not simply the sum total of particular interests; rather it involves an assessment and integration of those interests on the basis of a balanced hierarchy of values; ultimately, it demands a correct understanding of the dignity and the rights of the person" (Centesimus Annus 47).
Participation and Solidarity
Participation and solidarity are two other fundamental principles of Catholic social thought. Participation is defined by the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church as when each
[C]itizen, either as an individual or in association with others, whether directly or through representation, contributes to the cultural, economic, political and social life of the civil community to which he belongs. Participation is a duty to be fulfilled consciously by all, with responsibility and with a view to the common good. (189)
But the state should not make the people dependent financially upon it:
[Solidarity is not a] feeling of vague compassion or shallow distress at the misfortunes of so many people, both near and far. On the contrary, it is a firm and persevering determination to commit oneself to the common good. That is to say to the good of all and of each individual, because we are all really responsible for all. (John Paul II: Sollicitudo Rei Socialis 38)
Peace or Just War
We should pursue peace at almost all cost. These are the conditions under which a nation may take up arms:
- [T]he damage inflicted by the aggressor on the nation or community of nations must be lasting, grave and certain;
- all other means of putting an end to it must have been shown to be impractical or ineffective;
- there must be serious prospects of success;
- the use of arms must not produce evils and disorders graver than the evil to be eliminated.
The power of modern means of destruction weighs very heavily in evaluating this condition. These are the traditional elements enumerated in what is called the "just war" doctrine. The evaluation of these conditions for moral legitimacy belongs to the prudential judgment of those who have responsibility for the common good. (CCC 2309)
Deference to the poor
Almsgiving is a core principle of Catholicism. Give to the poor. The state should not overreach their jurisdiction in this, and become a "Nanny" state.
Malfunctions and defects in the social assistance state [or welfare state] are the result of an inadequate understanding of the tasks proper to the state. Here again the principle of subsidiarity must be respected: A community of a higher order should not interfere in the internal life of a community of a lower order, depriving the latter of its functions, but rather should support it in case of need and help to coordinate its activity with the activities of the rest of society, always with a view to the common good. (Centesimus Annus48)
The Catholic Church stands against socialism. John Paul II and Benedict XVI, know first hand the consequences of socialism, communism and fascism. John Paul II suffered first under Nazis fascism and then Soviet communism in Poland and was instrumental in liberating Poland from Soviet Communism and in the fall of the Soviet empire. Benedict XVI grew up in Nazis Germany and risked his life in resistance to the Nazis regime. The Catholic Church promotes personal Christocentric love and respect of your neighbor in all affairs and social dealings under the principle of subsidiarity and has strongly opposed all Government efforts at socialism as an unacceptable remedy for social ills.
|
<urn:uuid:20d198a6-daf7-4bb7-8069-6f1145265ac6>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.catholicbridge.com/catholic/social-doctrine-catholic.php
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939515
| 1,222
| 2.703125
| 3
|
decided: September 30, 1958.
EDWARD S. MESLE
KEA STEAMSHIP CORPORATION, APPELLANT (HAENN SHIP CEILING & REFITTING CORPORATION)
Before MARIS, GOODRICH and McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judges.
McLAUGHLIN, Circuit Judge.
This is an appeal on an in personam libel in admiralty brought against the owner of the ship in which occurred the accident whereby the hurts suffered by libellant resulted. The libel alleged negligence on the part of the shipowner and unseaworthiness of the vessel. The shipowner impleaded libellant's employer.
The Haenn Ship Ceiling and Refitting Corporation had been engaged by the respondent shipowner to effect certain carpentry repairs to the fittings in the S.S. Sunion's No. 5 hold while the vessel was at Philadelphia. In the early afternoon of March 4, 1953, Edward S. Mesle, an employee of Haenn, and a number of his co-workers descended into the lower hold which was outfitted for the bulk carriage of grain. Necessary for assuring the underway stability of the ship so engaged is the erection along the hold's center line of a device known as a shifting board. The function of the shifting board is to reduce the free surface effect resulting from the lateral flow of the grain following each roll of the ship.
The shifting board had been constructed by erecting three double sets of uprights, consisting of 2" by 10" or 2" by 12" planks spaced approximately eight feet apart, between which 2" by 10" boards were nailed horizontally so as to form a bulkhead. This bulkhead was braced athwartships by nine shores on the port side and nine shores on the starboard side. Each of the three sets of uprights thus was braced by three shores on each side. The shores were 4" by 6" timbers. The top one in each tier of three extended down from the 'tween deck hatch coaming to an upright of the shifting board. Approximately 7' below this one the middle shore of the tier extended from the upright downward at an angle to where the outboard end butted against a sweat batten at the inboard face of a frame of the ship. About 7' below this middle shore the lower shore paralleled it from the upright to the same frame. Frames are 30" apart and are about 18" in depth; to their outboard faces the plates forming the skin of the vessel are attached.
The shores were secured in place by trimming the ends so as to butt one against the shifting board upright and the other against the batten at the frame. The ends were secured in place by being snugly framed with wooden cleats made of 2" by 3" pieces of wood several feet in length. On the inboard end the cleats were nailed to the shifting board. On the outboard end they were nailed to sweat battens. These sweat battens were 2" by 6" lengths of dressed lumber running horizontally, fore and aft, up the sides of the hold, about eight to ten inches apart, and held in place by L-shaped metal clips welded to the faces of the frames. The clips were open at the top to permit removal and insertion of the sweat battens. Sweat battens are for the prevention of contact with the plates by packaged cargo of a nature to be harmed by the water which condenses on the plates under certain conditions.
Mesle and his fellow workers were assigned to take out and replace the two middle shores in the port and starboard tiers bracing the after upright of the shifting board, both of the shores having become cracked at roughly the middle.
The men first went to work on the starboard side to remove the damaged shore located there. A line was thrown around the shore and a double turn taken around its middle. Both ends of the line were carried back to a recess in theafter part of the hold above the shaft alley from where the men tugged at the line until the shore broke where it had been cracked. When this happened, the outboard end of the shore fell free to the bottom of the hold; the inboard end hung down from the nails which had toe-nailed it to the shifting board, its weight being insufficent to pull it free.
The men then repaire to the port side where they similarly attempted to break and pull down the damaged shore ther. When it did not give, the men dropped the line, the foreman saying, "It looks like we're going to have to knock off a cleat there, Ed, get up there and knock one off."
Whereupon libellant climbed up the sweat battens at a point just forward of the shore until he was standing on the batten to which the end of the shore was fastened, some twelve feet above the floor of the hold. Turning about so that his heels were hooked on the batten and holding onto a higher batten with his left hand, he wielded a hatchet with his right to split away the cleat along the afterside of the shore. No sooner had the last of the cleat fallen away than the end of the shore unexpectedly slipped off the batten at the point the batten was in contact with the face of the frame, moving down, aft, and enough outboard so as to come between the frames vertically and the battens horizontally. This movement was enough to pull the other end of the shore loose from the shifting board so that it fell to the floor of the hold. The outboard end thus see-sawed upward, levering the batten above out of its clip thereby catapultin Mesle into the air from whence he landed heavily, severely injuring himself.
Inspection of the shore revealed that its ends had not been toe-nailed as was the usual custom. Had it been, the nails would doubtless have held the shore in place until some force was exerted to pull it down. The absence of the toe-nails could not have been discovered so long as the cleats were in place around the ends of the shore. The questions presented to the trial court were whether the ship's personnel, and through them the shipowners, had been negligent in permitting erection of the shore without toe-nailing and whether the shore so erected was unseaworthy.
The trial judge adopted the libellant's proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law, a practice which this court had disapproved on another occasion*fn1 as being an inadeqate compliance with Admiralty Rule 46 1/2, 28 U.S.C.A. We have in mind the edict in McAllister v. United States, 1954, 348 U.S. 19, 75 S. Ct. 6, 99 L. Ed. 20 that a judgment in admiralty is not to be set aside unless it is clearly erroneous. And yet where the court has not independently set out its findings we think the reviewing court may more readily be "* * * 'left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.'"*fn2 The Severance, 4 Cir., 1945, 152 F.2d 916.
A duty owed by the shipowner to one in Mesle's position was the exercise of reasonable care in maintaining the premises in a condition safe for business invitees with due regard for the purposes calling for the presence of such invitees. In short the duty was the specific one of providing a reasonably safe place in which to work. The duty is not an absolute one, however. Lake v. Standard Fruit & Steamship Co., 2 Cir., 1950, 185 F.2d 354. Here, the duty would have been met had Mesle or his employer's representative been informed of the absence of toe-nails in the particular shore or had the alleged defect been repaired. But to require repair or warning would initially have required notice imputable to the shipowner. There is no evidence that respondent or its servants had actual notice of the fact that the shore was not toe-nailed nor do we think that respondent can fairly be imposed with constructive notice thereof. The absence of toe-nails was not apparent, as has already been noted, once the cleats were in position. Thus even if the comleted structure had been inspected by ship's personnel as is indeed the custom, the alleged defect would not have been visible upon such inspection. The adequacy of the cleating and the snugness of the shores would have been the subject of such inspection; these are enough for assurance that the shores will perform their function.*fn3 Under these circumstances to hold that the ship was negligent in not acquiring notice of the lack of toe-nails would in effect require supervision by the ship's personnel over the placing of every nail.This is obviously an impractical and unreasonable burden. We conclude that the trial court erred in finding any negligence on the part of respondent.
Having reached this point it is apparent that the judgment, if it is to be affirmed, must rest on the finding of existence of an unseaworthy condition. It suffices simply to note preliminarily that the shipowner's duty, originally owed only to seamen, of maintaining a vessel seaworthy in hull and appurtenances extends to shore-side workers furnishing to the vessels services which in a time of less specialized economic activity were usually rendered by the crew. Pope & Talbot v. Hawn, 1953, 346 U.S. 406, 74 S. Ct. 202, 98 L. Ed. 143; Seas Shipping Co. v. Sieracki, 1946, 328 U.S. 85, 66 S. Ct. 872, 90 L. Ed. 1099. There is no question that the benefit of the shipowner's obligation runs to libellant.
"Seaworthiness" is another of those terms in the law which by reason of its appearance in different contexts has developed an elusiveness making impossible an omnisufficient definition. But in order to articulate our standard of judgment we must presume to attempt a definition of the term sufficient at least for the purposes of this case.
It is quite apparent that whether or not an appurtenance is "in fit condition * * * for a voyage and the incident perils of the sea"*fn4 is usually an irrelevancy. It is said that "(the) concept of seaworthiness contemplates no more than that a ship's gear shall be reasonably fit for its intended purpose."*fn5 Yet examination of a great many personal injury cases in which claims of unseaworthiness were presented leads to the conclusion that those cases are of two categories, both of which fit this general definition. One is where the shipowner, having knowledge - actual or constructive - that certain activity will occur, is imposed with an absolute duty of supplying equipment for permitting the conduct and accomplishment in reasonable safety of that activity; liability is imposed for failure to comply with this duty, termed one of making the vessel seaworthy.*fn6 The other category is where the equipment actually supplied by the owner for doing the ship's work proves incapable of performing its function in the manne for which it was designed.*fn7
The present case appears pretty clearly not to be one of the second category. The shore was capable of performing and did perform its function of supporting the shifting board under the stresses set up in a hold full of grain during a voyage. The absence of toe-nailing did not render the shore any less fit for this function so long as the cleats stayed in place. The crack in the shore undoubtedly reduced its capability, but if that were to be relied upon for establishing unseaworthiness of the shore, libellant's engagement in correcting the very defect would make it obvious that the shore was not warranted as seaworthy in that respect. Bruszewski v. Isthmian S.S. Co., 3 Cir., 1947, 163 F.2d 720. The case must, therefore, be one of the first category.
The question in its final analysis thus is reduced to whether the shipowner had the absolute duty - meaning that he would be imposed with liability regardless of negligence for any harm resulting from breach thereof - to supply toe-nailing in the shore.*fn8 Cumulative and uncontradicted testimony was that shores were invariably erected in a manner which required insertion of nails before the required cleats were positioned. Although, as has been noted, cleating alone is sufficient under the applicable Coast Guard regulations, those regulations are concerned only with the adequacy of the structure for preventing excess movement of the cargo at sea. They do not purport to be concerned with the safety of personnel engaged in erecting or tearing down the structure. But the shipowner must be so concerned; it knows the structure will be taken down. In light of the custom of toe-nailing shores it is anticipatable that the custom may be relied upon somehow in the dismantling process for an assumption that a shore will remain in place after its cleats have been removed. The shore which was not toe-nailed, then, was not reasonably safe for dismantling by one of the customary methods, which in fact was used here; it was therefore unseaworthy.
The cases which we feel compel the result (cited in footnote 6) might alternatively have rested on findings of negligence. The point is, however, that they did not. Thus the concept of unseaworthiness which we have attempted to articulate by distillation from those cases and have applied here has evolved to support a recovery amounting to the imposition of absolute liability, chiefly by reliance on cases supporting the closely allied concept which we have here referred to as the second category of unseaworthiness. Those cases had already reached the point of imposing absolute liability for unseaworthiness.
It has already been intimated that since libellant was not engaged in remedying the very defect which caused his injury, the warranty of seaworthiness of the structure in respects other than that calling for repair continued to run to him. Bruszewski v. Isthmian S.S. Co., supra, consequently does not control this case. See Gindville v. American-Hawaiian S.S. Co., 3 Cir., 1955, 224 F.2d 746.
Respondent also appealed from the dismissal of its claim over against the libellant's employer whom it had impleaded. The only possibility by which indemnity might be had in the circumstances under which libellant's judgment is affirmed would require Haenn to have been the contractor who originally erected the shifting board and the shoring. See Ryan Stevedoring Co. v. Pan-Atlantic S.S. Corp., 1956, 350 U.S. 124, 76 S. Ct. 232, 100 L. Ed. 133. There is no evidence as to the existence of such a relationship.
The judgment in favor of libellant and the impleaded respondent will be affirmed.
On Petition for Rehearing
Recovery was here affirmed on the ground of unseaworthiness. Since there was no evidence of impleaded respondent's responsibility for the particular condition, the third party complaint against it was necessarily dismissed.
The opinion did not discuss the question of whether the shipowner had failed to provide a safe place to work in permitting the stevedore to employ the method it used for removing the shore. The lack of discussion was because the sole ground urged for such method having been foreseeably unsafe was that the shore might not have been toe-nailed. In that view, the proximate cause would still have been the existence of the unseaworthy condition. Since we considered it unreasonable to charge the shipowner with notice of that defect,*fn1a it is implicit in the opinion that it would have been even more unreasonable to so charge the stevedore.
The petition for rehearing will be denied.
|
<urn:uuid:a6c0596e-b5f0-49b5-8a6d-15b34ae74255>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://nj.findacase.com/research/wfrmDocViewer.aspx/xq/fac.19580930_0040045.C03.htm/qx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00496-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975068
| 3,291
| 1.5
| 2
|
This week, the campus I teach at in South Korea is abuzz with the sounds of English. Last week, about 100 international student-teachers moved onto campus—beginning their summer study and teaching abroad adventures. When I meet these student-teachers, glimpse their experiences through their fresh, eager eyes, observe them exploring Korea for the first time, I sense changes happening already. If their international teaching experiences are anything like mine, they will never be quite the same. In talking with them and hearing about their adventures, their interpretations and understandings of themselves and their experiences, these two ideas keep coming up:
- The world is bigger than my own backyard, and
- My backyard is connected to the rest of the world.
When I think about my own international teaching experiences, they were undeniably transformative. It was a kind of metamorphosis. I had been moving along like a caterpillar—studying, learning, making connections, but perhaps a bit oblivious to the bigger picture, to what else existed beyond my own immediate surroundings. As I spent time teaching in different countries, I began to see and understand things differently, transforming like a butterfly, growing and spreading wings, feeling encouraged to continue to explore more. I sense some of this happening with these new student-teachers on campus. After this experience, I think it is likely they may step off the airplane a bit different from than the person who stepped on at the start of the summer. After experiencing this region of the world, meeting new people, having new experiences, sharing stories, and spreading their wings, it would be difficult to return home completely unchanged.
I see changes beginning in them and I reflect on how my own life has been forever changed (a 4-week volunteer teaching experience in Korea somehow turned into 16 years in Korea). An advocate of global teaching contexts, I would like to share a few resources for educators interested in exploring teaching outside of one’s home country. A few ways to find programs and information on various international teaching experiences:
- Check out any local school exchange programs (and teacher education programs).
- Fulbright—Opportunities for U.S. citizens to teach and study in various international destinations and international citizens to do so in the United States.
- Educators Abroad—Program that organizes placements for student teachers and in-service teachers in countries around the world.
- Edutopia—Information on various travel opportunities for educators.
Though the benefits of teaching outside of one’s home country can be substantial, it may also take a considerable about of time and sometimes money, both of which there never seem to be enough. If teaching abroad is not an option, there are also many other ways to develop new international perspectives, in many cases, without even leaving the home community. Look inward to see outward! Some ideas:
- Explore diversity within your own community. Seek out opportunities to volunteer with recent immigrants, refugees, or community members.
- Attend local conferences and educational meetings—meet people, hear new ideas!
- Get involved in online telecollaborations. Consider partnering up with a teacher, friend, or student in another country or region. If you don’t have an available partner, there are several websites that specialize in matching collaborating partners, iEARN or epals.com, for example.
- Use the resources available online. There are far too many to list, but here’s a couple of places to start:
- Connect with Facebook groups—Teacher’s Voices or iTDi (International Teacher Development Institute) for starters. These two communities are fantastic mixes of novice and experienced educators from all over the world always willing to share ideas and resources.
- Read blogs from teachers and students around the world, or better yet, start your own!
And why should teachers have all the fun? Remember students of all ages can and will benefit from opportunities to get involved and explore their worlds. Here are a couple of great online resources to use with students:
- GlobalTrek—Information about people and schools around the world
- Mystery Skype in the Classroom—Do activities and connect with a mystery classroom somewhere in the world
- Adobe Youth Voices—Global digital storytelling
- Global Nomads Group –Fosters dialogue and global understanding between global youth
I know these examples are just scratching the surface of the resources out there. Please contribute and share some of your favorites in the comments section below!
|
<urn:uuid:021535e8-381f-4b87-b188-b6727797691b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://blog.tesol.org/ideas-and-resources-for-teaching-with-an-international-focus/?shared=email&msg=fail
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00676.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.949004
| 913
| 1.6875
| 2
|
Capitol Hill briefing highlights research agenda to end AIDS
The following is a guest blog post by Chris Collins, vice president and director of Public Policy at the Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR) and Mitchell Warren, executive director of AVAC.
Looking back over three decades of AIDS, it’s hard to point to a better investment than research. Over the past three years, a string of HIV prevention research breakthroughs has put the ambitious goal of even talking about an end of AIDS within sight for the first time. With more strategic use of the tools we have today, we can bend the curve of new infections.
Yesterday, leading researchers, policy makers and advocates joined our organizations and the Congressional HIV/AIDS Caucus at a briefing on the research agenda for beginning to end the AIDS epidemic.
Carl Dieffenbach, director of the Division of AIDS at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Dázon Dixon Diallo, founder and president of SisterLove, Inc., and Jared Baeten from the University of Washington presented from their unique perspectives on what science is teaching us and how to act on that science.
Dieffenbach provided an overview of the research agenda needed to bring the epidemic to a close, with special focus on a review of the status of existing and upcoming scientific research in two critical areas: combining current interventions effectively to bend the curve of HIV incidence in the coming years, and progress on vaccine and cure research that will be needed to ultimately end the epidemic. “AIDS in America is in some ways becoming a forgotten epidemic. This remains a significant challenge for us as Americans and for us as members of the global community,” Dieffenbach noted.
He outlined remarkable progress at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the broader field, across the spectrum of research into HIV prevention options including treatment as prevention and vaccines. He described recent advances in understanding how the vaccine studied in the Thai RV144 trial might have worked to provide the protection that it did, as well as the excitement around recent discoveries of a range of new antibodies that could provide new targets for vaccine research.
“The challenge we face is taking where these antibodies bind on the virus and figuring out how to turn them into an appropriate vaccine,” Dieffenbach said.
Baeten provided an important historical note: 30 years into the HIV epidemic, new research has demonstrated that we now have powerful interventions to prevent new infections. “For the first time, there is rational discussion that we can not just fight HIV, but stop its transmission – on a large scale,” Baeten said.
The panel discussed the recent, historic meetings at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) where advisory committees in the past two weeks reviewed both pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with oral TDF/FTC (Truvada) and OraSure Technologies’ over-the-counter, in-home HIV test. While there are enormous challenges with both, these were presented as opportunities to advance prevention and treatment access.
Baeten talked about the prospect of treatment as prevention: “We need to change the conversation – antiretroviral treatment isn’t just about preventing sickness, it’s about maintaining health.”
All the speakers highlighted the importance of HIV testing as the entry point for HIV prevention and treatment. “It should be a badge of honor to know your HIV status and be on treatment if you have HIV, and on remaining HIV free if you do not,” Baeten said.
Baeten also described testing as a critical component of any future PrEP program, both before initiating PrEP use and for ongoing monitoring, especially to prevent possible drug resistance. He acknowledged the possibility of resistance emerging but talked about ways to manage the risk through regular testing and adherence counseling and support.
- Deliver what we have for immediate impact, especially testing, antiretrovirals (ARVs), medical male circumcision, and male and female condoms;
- Demonstrate the added value of the emerging options, including ARV-based PrEP and microbicides; and
- Develop new options, especially additional ARV-based options, a vaccine and a cure.
“The toolbox is now growing and it keeps getting bigger,” Diallo said. “Today community is catching up to the new science, but for the first two decades of the epidemic, community was out front in all of it: driving the science, driving the policy, driving all of it. Now we need to be sure science and community work together in realizing the promise of these recent results.”
The panelists all spoke to the importance of considering new interventions in combination. No one intervention will be perfect or enough alone; there is now a growing body of research studying combination prevention and recognizing that each new option is additive, not a replacement.
Looking forward to the upcoming International AIDS Conference to be held July 22-27 in Washington, DC, the briefing made it clear that the message must be, “We can end the epidemic; now we must do it.”
We need to finance the response, make strategic choices about what to bring to scale (and what not to) and stop discriminating against high-risk populations. Whether you’re a researcher, policymaker or advocate, this is the time to press for strategic use of current interventions and accelerated research to begin to end the epidemic.
|
<urn:uuid:b350c7a1-6ab6-4e0b-b974-cafe9fbe1933>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://sciencespeaksblog.org/2012/05/24/beginning-to-end-the-aids-epidemic-what%E2%80%99s-the-research-agenda/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00462-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.935566
| 1,131
| 1.882813
| 2
|
Information about Faustan-Uni
Each tablet contains 5 or 10 mg diazepam.
- Management of anxiety disorders or for the short-term relief of the symptoms of anxiety. Anxiety or tension associated with the stress of everyday life usually does not require treatment with an anxiolytic.
- In acute alcohol withdrawal, diazepam may be useful in the symptomatic relief of acute agitation, tremor, impending or acute delirium tremens and hallucinosis.
- Diazepam is a useful adjunct for the relief of skeletal muscle spasm due to reflex spasm to local pathology (such as inflammation of the muscles or joints, or secondary to trauma), spasticity caused by upper motor neuron disorders (such as cerebral palsy and paraplegia), athetosis, and stiff-man syndrome.
Oral diazepam may be used adjunctively in convulsive disorders, although it has not proved useful as the sole therapy.
The effectiveness of diazepam in long-term use, that is, more than 4 months, has not been assessed by systematic clinical studies. The physician should periodically reassess the usefulness of the drug for the individual patient.
Pregnancy: category D
Dosage and administration:
Dosage should be individualized for maximum beneficial effect. While the usual daily dosages given below will meet the needs of most patients, there will be some who may require higher doses. In such cases dosage should be increased cautiously to avoid adverse effects:
Management of anxiety disorders and relief of symptoms of anxiety depending upon severity of symptoms—2 mg to 10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily.
Symptomatic relief in acute alcohol withdrawal 10 mg, 3 or 4 times during the first 24 hours, reducing to 5 mg, 3 or 4 times daily as needed.
Adjunctively for relief of skeletal muscle spasm 2 mg to 10 mg, 3 or 4 times daily. Adjunctively in convulsive disorder 2 mg to 10 mg, 2 to 4 times daily.
Geriatric patients, or in the presence of debilitating disease 2 mg to 2.5 mg, 1 or 2 times daily initially; increase gradually as needed and tolerated.
Because of varied responses to CNS-acting drugs, initiate therapy with lowest dose and increase as required. Not for use in pediatric patients under 6 months 1 mg to 2.5 mg, 3 or 4 times daily initially; increase gradually as needed and tolerated.
Carton pack of 20 tablets.
Store at a temperature not exceeding 30° c.
|
<urn:uuid:b2816f01-008c-40b6-b880-7fded3ff1c61>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://unipharma-sy.com/Product/608
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.872327
| 541
| 1.929688
| 2
|
Part 3 out of 15
_Antig'onus (King)_, an old man with a young man's amorous passions.
He is one of the four kings who succeeded to the divided empire of
Alexander the Great.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Humorous Lieutenant_
ANTIN'OUS (4 _syl_.), a page of Hadrian, the Roman emperor, noted for
_Antin'ous_ (4 _syl_.), son of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.) general of Candy,
and brother of An'no-phel, in _The Laws of Candy_ a drama by Beaumont
and Fletcher (1647).
ANTI'OCHUS, emperor of Greece, who sought the life of Per'icles
prince of Tyre, but died without effecting his desire.--Shakespeare,
_Pericles Prince of Tyre_ (1608).
ANTI'OPE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Idom'e-neus (4 _syl_.), for whom
Telem'achus had a _tendresse_. Mentor approved his choice, and assured
Telemachus that the lady was designed for him by the gods. Her charms
were "the glowing modesty of her countenance, her silent diffidence,
and her sweet reserve; her constant attention to tapestry or to some
other useful and elegant employment; her diligence in household
affairs, her contempt of finery in dress, and her ignorance of her own
beauty," Telemachus says, "She encourages to industry by her example,
sweetens labor by the melody of her voice, and excels the best of
painters in the elegance of her embroidery."--Fenelon, _Telemaque_,
He [_Paul_] fancied he had found in Virginia the wisdom of Antiope
with the misfortunes and the tenderness of Eucharis.--Bernardin de St.
Pierre, _Paul and Virginia_ (1788).
ANTIPH'OLUS, the name of two brothers, twins, the sons of Aege'on, a
merchant of Syracuse. The two brothers were shipwrecked in infancy,
and, being picked up by different cruisers, one was carried to
Syracuse, and the other to Ephesus. The Ephesian entered the service
of the duke, and, being fortunate enough to save the duke's life,
became a great man and married well. The Syracusian Antipholus, going
in search of his brother, came to Ephesus, where a series of blunders
occurs from the wonderful likeness of the two brothers and their
two servants called Dromio. The confusion becomes so great that the
Ephesian is taken up as a madman. It so happened that both brothers
appeared before the duke at the same time; and the extraordinary
likeness being seen by all, the cause of the blunders was evident,
and everything was satisfactorily explained.--Shakespeare, _Comedy of
ANTON (_Sir_). Tennyson says that Merlin gave Arthur, when an infant,
to sir Anton and his lady to bring up, and they brought him up as
their own son. This does not correspond with the _History of Prince
Arthur_, which states that he was committed to the care of sir Ector
and his lady, whose son, sir Key, is over and over again called the
prince's foster-brother. The _History_ furthermore states that Arthur
made sir Key his seneschal _because_ he was his foster-brother.
So the child was delivered unto Merlin, and he
bare him forth unto sir Ector, and made a holy
man christen him, and named him "Arthur."
And so sir Ector's wife nourished him with her
own breast.--Part i. 3.
So sir Ector rode to the justs, and with him
rode sir Key, his son, and young Arthur that
was his nourished brother.--Ditto.
"Sir," said sir Ector, "I will ask no more of
you but that you will make my son, sir Key,
your foster-brother, seneschal of all your lands."
"That shall be done," said Arthur (ch. 4).--Sir
T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_ (1470).
_Anton_, one of Henry Smith's men in _The Fair Maid of Perth_, by sir
W. Scott (time, Henry IV.).
ANTO'NIO, a sea captain who saved Sebastian, the brother of Vi'ola,
when wrecked off the coast of Illyria.--Shakespeare, _Twelfth Night_
_Anto'nio_, the Swiss lad who acts as the guide from Lucern, in sir W.
Scott's _Anne of Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
_Anto'nio_, a stout old gentleman, kinsman of Petruccio, governor
of Bologna.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Chances_ (a comedy, before
_Antonio (Don)_, father of Carlos, a bookworm, and Clodio, a coxcomb;
a testy, headstrong old man. He wants Carlos to sign away his
birthright in favor of his younger brother, to whom he intends
Angelina to be married; but Carlos declines to give his signature, and
elopes with Angelina, whom he marries, while Clodio engages his troth
to Elvira of Lisbon.--C. Cibber, _Love Makes a Man_.
_Antonio (Don)_, in love with Louisa, the daughter of don Jerome of
Seville. A poor nobleman of ancient family.--Sheridan, _The Duenna_
ANTONOMAS'IA _(The princess_), daughter of Archipiela, king of
Candaya, and his wife Maguncia. She married don Clavijo, but the giant
Malambru'no, by enchantment, changed the bride into a brass monkey,
and her spouse into a crocodile of some unknown metal. Don Quixote
mounted the wooden horse Clavileno the Winged, to disenchant the
lady and her husband, and this he effected "simply by making the
attempt."--Cervantes, _Don Quixote_, II iii. 4, 5 (1615).
ANTONY _(Saint)_ lived in a cavern on the summit of Cavadonga, in
Spain, and was perpetually annoyed by devils.
Old St. Antonius from the hell
Of his bewildered phantasy saw fiends
In actual vision, a foul throng grotesque
Of all horrific shapes and forms obscene,
Crowd in broad day before his open eyes.
Southey, _Roderick, etc_., xvi. (1814).
AN'TONY AND CAESAR. Macbeth says that "under Banquo his own genius was
rebuked [or snubbed], as it is said Mark Antony's was by Caesar" (act
iii. sc. 1), and in _Antony and Cleopatra_ this passage is elucidated
Thy daemon, that's thy spirit which keeps thee, is
Noble, courageous, high, unmatchable,
Where Caesar's is not; but near him thy angel
Becomes a fear, as being overpowered.
Act ii. sc. 3.
ANVIL (_The Literary_). Dr. Mayo was so called, because he bore the
hardest blows of Dr. Johnson without flinching.
AODH, last of the Culdees, or primitive clergy of Io'na, an island
south of Staffa. His wife was Reullu'ra. Ulvfa'gre the Dane, having
landed on the island and put many to the sword, bound Aodh in
chains of iron, then dragging him to the church, demanded where the
"treasures were concealed." A mysterious figure now appeared, which
not only released the priest, but took the Dane by the arm to the
statue of St. Columb, which fell on him and crushed him to death.
After this the "saint" gathered the remnant of the islanders together,
and went to Ireland.--Campbell, _Reullura_.
APE (1 _syl._), the pseudonym of M. Pellegrini, the caricaturist of
_Vanity Fair_. Dr. Johnson says "_to ape_ is to imitate ludicrously;"
whence the adoption of the name.
APEL'LES AND THE COBBLER. A cobbler found fault with the shoe-latchet
of one of Apelles' paintings, and the artist rectified the fault. The
cobbler, thinking himself very wise, next ventured to criticise the
legs; but Apelles said, _Ne sutor ultra crepidam_ ("Let not the
cobbler go beyond his last").
Within that range of criticism where all are equally judges, and where
Crispin is entitled to dictate to Apelles.--_Encyc. Brit._, Art.
_Apelles_. When his famous painting of Venus rising out of the sea
(hung by Augustus in the temple of Julius Caesar) was greatly injured
by time, Nero replaced it by a copy done by Dorotheus. This Venus
by Apelles is called "Venus Anadyom'-ene," his model (according to
tradition) being Campaspe (afterwards his wife).
APEMAN'TUS, a churlish Athenian philosopher, who snarled at men
systematically, but showed his cynicism to be mere affectation, when
Timon attacked him with his own weapons.--Shakespeare, _Timon of
Their affected melancholy showed like the cynicism of Apemantus,
contrasted with the real misanthropy of Timon.--Sir W. Scott.
APIC'IUS, an epicure in the time of Tiberius. He wrote a book on the
ways of provoking an appetite. Having spent L800,000 in supplying
the delicacies of the table, and having only L80,000 left, he hanged
himself, not thinking it possible to exist on such a wretched
pittance. _Apicia_, however, became a stock name for certain cakes and
sauces, and his name is still proverbial in all matters of gastronomy.
There was another of the name in the reign of Trajan, who wrote a
cooking book and manual of sauces.
No Brahmin could abominate your meal more than I do. Hirtius and
Apicius would have blushed for it. Mark Antony, who roasted eight
whole boars for supper, never massacred more at a meal than you have
done.--Cumberland, _The Fashionable Lover_, i. 1 (1780).
APOLLO, son of Jupiter and Latona, and model of masculine beauty. He
is the sun, in Homeric mythology, the embodiment of practical wisdom
and foresight, of swift and far-reaching intelligence, and hence of
poetry, music, etc.
_The Apollo Belvidere_, that is, the Apollo preserved in the Belvidere
gallery of the Vatican, discovered in 1503 amid the ruins of An'tium,
and purchased by pope Julius II. It is supposed to be the work of
Cal'amis, a Greek sculptor of the fifth century B.C.
_The Apollo of Actium_ was a gigantic statue, which served for a
_The Apollo of Rhodes_, usually called the colossus, was a gigantic
bronze statue, 150 feet high, made by Chares, a pupil of Lysippus, and
set up B.C. 300.
_Animals consecrated to Apollo_, the cock, the crow, the grasshopper,
the hawk, the raven, the swan, and the wolf.
APOLL'YON, king of the bottomless pit; introduced by Bnnyan in his
_Pilgrim's Progress_. Apollyon encounters Christian, by whom, after a
severe contest, he is foiled (1678).
APOSTLE _or Patron Saint of_--
ABYSSINIANS, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
ALPS, Felix Neff (1798-1829).
ANTIOCH, St. Margaret (died 275). Her day, July 20.
ARDENNES, St. Hubert (656-730).
ARMENIANS, Gregory of Armenia (256-331).
CAGLIARI (_Sardinia_), St. Efisio.
CORFU, St. Spiridion (fourth century). His day, December 14.
ENGLISH, St. Augustin (died 607); St. George (died 290).
ETHIOPIA, St. Frumentius (died 360). His day, October 27.
FRANCONIA, St. Kilian (died 689). His day, July 8.
FREE TRADE, Richard Cobden (1804-1865).
FRENCH, St. Denis (died 272). His day, October 9.
FRISIANS, St. Wilbrod (657-738).
GAULS, St. Irenae'us (130-200); St. Martin (316-397).
GENTILES, St. Paul (died 66). His days, June 29, January 25.
GEORGIA, St. Nino.
GERMANY, St. Boniface (680-755). His day, June 5.
HIGHLANDERS, St. Colomb (521-597). His day, June 9.
HUNGARIANS, St. Anastasius (died 628). His day, January 22.
INDIANS, Bartolome de Las Casas (1474-1566); Rev. John Eliot (1603-1690).
INDIES, St. Francis Xavier (1506-1552). His day, December 3.
INFIDELITY, Voltaire (1694-1778).
IRISH, St. Patrick (372-493). His day, March 17.
LIBERTY, Thomas Jefferson, third president of the U.S. (1743-1826).
LONDON, St. Paul; St. Michael. Days, January 25, September 29.
NETHERLANDS, St. Armand (589-679).
NORTH, St. Ansgar (801-864); Bernard Gilpin (1517-1583).
Padua, St. Anthony (1195-1231). His day, June 13. Paris, St. Genevieve
(419-512). Her day, January 3. Peak, W. Bagshaw, so called from his
missionary labors in Derbyshire (1628-1702). Picts, St. Ninian.
Scottish Reformers, John Knox (1505-1572). Sicily (the tutelary deity
is) Ceres. Slaves, St. Cyril (died 868). His day, February 14. Spain,
St. James the Greater (died 44.) His day, July 24. Temperance, Father
Mathew (1790-1856). Venice, St. Mark; St. Pantaleon; St. Andrew
Justiniani. St. Mark's day, April 25; St. Pantaleon's, July 27. Wales,
St. David (480-544). His day, March 1. Yorkshire, St. Pauli'nus,
bishop of York (597-644).
APOSTOLIC FATHERS (_The Five_): Clement of Rome, Barnabas, Hermas,
Igna'tius, and Polycarp. All contemporary with the Apostles.
AP'PETIZER. A Scotchman being told that the birds called kittiewiaks
were admirable appetizers, ate six of them, and then complained "he
was no hungrier than he was before."
AQUARIUS, SAGITTARIUS. Mrs. Browning says that "Aquarius" is a symbol
of man _bearing_, and "Sagittarius" of man _combatting_. The passive
and active forms of human labor.
_Eve_. Two phantasms of two men.
_Adam_. One that sustains,
And one that strives, so the ends
Of manhood's curse of labor.
E. B. Browning, _A Drama of Exile_ (1851).
A'QUILANT, son of Olive'ro and Sigismunda; a knight in Charlemagne's
army. He was called "_black_," and his brother Gryphon "_white_" from
the color of their armor.--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
A'QUILINE (3 _syl_.), Raymond's steed, whose sire was the
wind.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_, vii. (1575).
(Solinus, Columella, and Varro relate how the Lusitanian mares "with
open mouth against the breezes held, receive the gales with warmth
prolific filled, and thus inspired, their swelling wombs produce the
wondrous offspring."--See also Virgil, _Georgics_, in. 266-283.)
AQUIN'IAN SAGE. Juvenal is so called, because he was born at Aqui'num,
in Latium (fl. A.D. 100).
ARABEL'LA, an heiress left under the guardianship of justice Day. Abel
Day, the son of justice Day, aspires to her hand and fortune, but she
confers both with right good will on captain Manly.--T. Knight, _The
ARA'BIA FE'LIX ("_Araby the blest_"). This name is a blunder made by
British merchants, who supposed that the precious commodities of India
bought of Arab traders were the produce of Arabia.
ARA'BIAN BIRD (_The_), the phoenix, a marvellous man, one _sui
O Antony! O thou Arabian bird!
Shakespeare, _Antony and Cleopatra_, act iii. sc. 2.
ARACH'NE (3 _syl_.), a spider, a weaver. "Arachne's labors," spinning
or weaving. Arachne was a Lydian maiden, who challenged Minerva to
compete with her in needle tapestry, and Minerva changed her into a
No orifice for a point
As subtle as Arachne's broken woof
Shakespeare, _Troilus and Cressida_, act v. sc. 2 (1602).
ARAGNOL, the son of Arachne (the "most fine-fingered of all workmen,"
turned into a spider for presuming to challenge Minerva to a contest
in needlework). Aragnol entertained a secret and deadly hatred against
prince Clarion, son of Muscarol the fly-king; and weaving a curious
net, soon caught the gay young flutterer, and gave him his death-wound
by piercing him under the left wing.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or The
Butterfly's Fate_ (1590).
ARAMIN'TA, the wife of Moneytrap, and friend of Clarissa (wife of
Gripe the scrivener).--Sir John Vanbrugh, _The Confederacy_ (1695).
ARANZA (_The duke of_). He marries Juliana, eldest daughter of
Balthazar. She is so haughty, arrogant, and overbearing, that after
the marriage he takes her to a mean hut, which he calls his home, and
pretends to be only a peasant who must work for his living, and gives
his bride the household duties to perform. She chafes for a time, but
firmness, manliness, and affection win the day; and when the duke
sees that she loves him for himself, he leads her to his castle, and
reveals to her that the peasant husband is after all the duke of
Aranza.--J. Tobin, _The Honeymoon_ (1804).
AR'APHIL or AR'APHILL, the poetic pseudonym of Win. Habington. His
lady-love, Miss Lucy Herbert, he calls Castara.
ARAS'PES (3 _syl_.), king of Alexandria, who joined the Egyptian
armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ARBA'CES (3 _syl_.), king of Ibe'ria, in the drama called _A King or
no King_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1619).
ARBATE (2 _syl_.), governor of the prince of Ithaca, in Moliere's
comedy _La Princesse d'Elide_ (1664). In his speech to "Euryle" prince
of Ithaca, persuading him to love, he is supposed to refer to Louis
XIV., then 26 years of age.
Je dirai que l'amour sied bien a vos pareil ...
Et qu'il est malaise que, sans etre amoureux
Un jeune prince soit et grand et genereux.
Act i. 1.
_Arbate_, in Racine's drama of _Mithridate_ (1673).
AR'BITER EL'IGANTIAE. C. Petro'nius was appointed dictator-in-chief
of the imperial pleasures at the court of Nero, and nothing was
considered _comme il faut_ till it had received the sanction of this
Roman _beau Brummel_.
Behold the new Petronius of the day,
The arbiter of pleasure and of play.
Byron, _English Bards and Scottish Reviewers_.
ARBRE SOL foretold, with audible voice, the place and manner of
Alexander's death. It figures in all the fabulous legends of
ARBUTUS, sturdy yeoman usually known as "Bute," in Bayard Taylor's
novel _Hannah Thurston._ Rugged and sound as the New England granite
underlying the farm he tills.
ARC _(Joan of)_, or _Jeanne la Pucelle_, the "Maid of Orleans,"
daughter of a rustic of Domremy, near Vaucouleurs, in France. She was
servant at an inn when she conceived the idea of liberating France
from the English. Having gained admission to Charles VII., she was
sent by him to raise the siege of Orleans, and actually succeeded in
so doing. Schiller has a tragedy on the subject, Casimir Delavigne an
elegy on her, Southey an epic poem on her life and death, and Voltaire
In regard to her death, M. Octave Delepiere, in his _Doute
Historique_, denies the tradition of her having been burnt to death at
Rouen; and Vignier discovered in a family muniment chest the "contract
of marriage between" Robert des Armoise, knight, and Jeanne d'Arc,
surnamed "The Maid of Orleans."
AR'CADES AMBO, both fools alike; both "sweet innocents;" both alike
eccentric. There is nothing in the character of Corydon and Thyrsis
(Virgil's _Eclogue_, vii. 4) to justify this disparaging application
of the phrase. All Virgil says is they were both "in the flower of
their youth," and both Arcadians, both equal in setting a theme for
song or capping it epigrammatically; but as Arcadia was the least
intellectual part of Greece, an "Arcadian" came to signify a dunce,
and hence "Arcades ambo" received its present acceptation.
ARCALA'US (4 _syl_.), an enchanter who bound Am'adis de Gaul to a
pillar in his courtyard, and administered to him 200 stripes with his
horse's bridle.--_Amadis de Gaul_ (fifteenth century).
ARCA'NES (3 _syl_.), a noble soldier, friend of Cas'silane (3 _syl_.)
general of Candy.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Laws of Candy_ (1647).
ARCHAN'GEL. Burroughs, the puritan preacher, called Cromwell "the
archangel that did battle with the devil."
ARCHAS, "the loyal subject" of the great duke of Moscovia, and general
of the Moscovites. His son is colonel Theodore.
_Young Archas_, son of the general. Disguised as a woman, he assumes
the name of Alinda.--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Loyal Subject_
ARCHBSH'OP OF GRANA'DA told his secretary, Gil Blas, when he hired
"Whenever thou shalt perceive my pen smack of old age and my genius
flag, don't fail to advertise me of it, for I don't trust to my own
judgment, which may be seduced by self-love." After a fit of apoplexy,
Gil Blas ventured in the most delicate manner to hint to his grace
that "his last discourse had not altogether the energy of his former
ones." To this the archbishop replied, "You are yet too raw to make
proper distinctions. Know, child, that I never composed a better
homily than that which you disapprove. Go, tell my treasurer to
give you 100 ducats. Adieu, Mr. Gil Blas; I wish you all manner of
prosperity, with a little more taste."--Le-sage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 3
AR'CHER (_Francis_), friend of Aimwell, who joins him in
fortune-hunting. These are the two "beaux." Thomas viscount Aimwell
marries Dorinda, the daughter of lady Bountiful. Archer hands the
deeds and property taken from the highwaymen to sir Charles Freeman,
who takes his sister, Mrs. Sullen, under his charge again.--George
Farquhar, _The Beaux' Stratagem_ (1707).
ARCHIBALD (_John_), attendant on the duke of Argyle.--Sir W. Scott,
_Heart of Midlothian_ (time, George II.).
ARCHIMA'GO, the reverse of holiness, and therefore Satan the father of
lies and all deception. Assuming the guise of the Red Cross Knight, he
deceived Una; and under the guise of a hermit, he deceived the knight
himself. Archimago is introduced in bks. i. and ii. of Spenser's
_Faery Queen._ The poet says:
... he could take
As many forms and shapes in seeming wise
As ever Proteus to himself could make:
Sometimes a fowl, sometimes a fish in lake,
Now like a fox, now like a dragon fell.
Spenser, _The Faery Queen_, I. ii. 10 (1590).
ARCHIMEDES, Syracusan philosopher, who discovered, among other great
scientific facts, the functions of the lever. The solution of an
abstruse problem having occurred to him while in the bath, he
leaped out of the water, and ran naked through the city, shouting,
AR'CHY M'SAR'CASM _(Sir)_, "a proud Caledonian knight, whose tongue,
like the dart of death, spares neither sex nor age ... His insolence
of family and licentiousness of wit gained him the contempt of every
one" (i. 1). Sir Archy tells Charlotte, "In the house of M'Sarcasm are
two barons, three viscounts, six earls, one marquisate, and two dukes,
besides baronets and lairds oot o' a' reckoning" (i. 1). He makes love
to Charlotte Goodchild, but supposing it to be true that she has lost
her fortune, declares to her that he has just received letters "frae
the dukes, the marquis, and a' the dignitaries of the family ...
expressly prohibiting his contaminating the blood of M'Sarcasm wi'
onything sprung from a hogshead or a coonting-house" (ii. 1).
The man has something droll, something ridiculous in him. His
abominable Scotch accent, his grotesque visage almost buried in snuff,
the roll of his eyes and twist of his mouth, his strange inhuman
laugh, his tremendous periwig, and his manners altogether--why, one
might take him for a mountebank doctor at a Dutch fair.--C. Macklin,
_Love a-la-mode_, i. 1 (1779).
_Sir Archy's Great-grandmother._ Sir Archy M'Sarcasm insisted on
fighting Sir Callaghan O'Brallaghan on a point of ancestry. The
Scotchman said that the Irish are a colony from Scotland, "an ootcast,
a mere ootcast." The Irishman retorted by saying that "one Mac Fergus
O'Brallaghan went from Carrickfergus, and peopled all Scotland with
his own hands." Charlotte [Goodchild] interposed, and asked the cause
of the contention, whereupon Sir Callaghan replied, "Madam, it is
about sir Archy's great-grandmother."--C. Macklin, _Love a-la-mode_,
i. I (1779).
We shall not now stay to quarrel about sir Archy's
great-grandmother.--Maepherson, _Dissertation upon Ossian_.
ARCHY'TAS of Tarentum made a wooden pigeon that could fly; and
Regiomonta'nus, a German, made a wooden eagle that flew from
Koenigsberg to meet the emperor, and, having saluted him, returned
whence it set out (1436-1476).
This engine may be contrived from the same principles by which
Archytas made a wooden dove, and Regiomontanus a wooden eagle.--Dr.
John Wilkins (1614-1672).
AR'CITE (2 _syl_.) AND PAL'AMON, two Theban knights, captives of
duke Theseus, who used to see from their dungeon window the duke's
sister-in-law, Emily, taking her airing in the palace garden, and fell
in love with her. Both captives having gained their liberty, contended
for the lady by single combat. Arcite was victor, but being
thrown from his horse was killed, and Emily became the bride of
Palamon.--Chaucer, _Canterbury Tales_ ("The Knight's Tale," 1388).
Richard Edwards in 1566 produced a drama entitled _Palamon and
AR'DEN _(Enoch)_, the hero of a poetic tale by Tennyson. He is a
seaman wrecked on a desert island, who returns home after the absence
of several years, and finds his wife married to another. Seeing her
both happy and prosperous, Enoch resolves not to mar her domestic
peace, so leaves her undisturbed, and dies of a broken heart.
AR'DEN OF FEV'ERSLIAM, a noble character, honorable, forgiving,
affectionate, and modest. His wife Alicia in her sleep reveals to him
her guilty love for Mosby, but he pardons her on condition that she
will never see the seducer again. Scarcely has she made the promise
when she plots with Mosby her husband's murder. In a planned
street-scuffle, Mosby pretends to take Arden's part, and thus throws
him off his guard. Arden thinks he has wronged him, and invites him to
his house, but Mosby conspires with two hired ruffians to fall on his
host during a game of draughts, the right moment being signified by
Mosby's saying, "Now I take you." Arden is murdered; but the whole
gang is apprehended and brought to justice.
(This drama is based on a murder which took place in 1551. Ludwig
Tieck has translated the play into German, as a genuine production of
Shakespeare. Some ascribe the play to George Lillo, but Charles Lamb
gives 1592 as the date of its production, and says the author is
AREOUS'KI, the Indian war-god, war, tumult.
A cry of Areouski broke our sleep. Campbell, _Gertrude of Wyoming_, i,
ARETHU'SA, daughter of the king Messi'na, in the drama called
_Philaster_ or _Love Lies a-bleeding_, by Beaumont and Fletcher
_Arethusa_, a nymph pursued by Alpheos the river-god, and changed into
a fountain in the island of Ortygia; but the river-god still pursued
her, and mingled his stream with the fountain, and now, "like friends
once parted grown single-hearted," they leap and flow and slumber
together, "like spirits that love but live no more."
[Illustration] This fable has been exquisitely turned into poetry by
Percy B. Shelley (_Arethusa_, 1820).
ARGALI'A, brother of Angel'ica, in Ariosto's _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
AR'GAN, the _malade imaginaire_ and father of Angelique. He is
introduced taxing his apothecary's bills, under the conviction that he
cannot afford to be sick at the prices charged, but then he notices
that he has already reduced his bills during the current month, and is
not so well. He first hits upon the plan of marrying Angelique to a
young doctor, but to this the lady objects. His brother suggests that
Argan himself should be his own doctor, and when the invalid replies
he has not studied either diseases, drugs, or Latin, the objection is
overruled by investing the "malade" in a doctor's cap and robe. The
piece concludes with the ceremonial in macaronic Latin.
[Illustration] When Argan asks his doctor how many grains of salt he
ought to eat with an egg, the doctor answers, "Six, huit, dix, etc.,
par les nombres pairs, comme dans les medicaments par les nombres
impairs."--Moliere, _Le Malade Imaginaire_, ii. 9 (1673).
ARGAN'TE (3 _syl_.), a giantess called "the very monster and miracle
of lust." She and her twin-brother Ollyphant or Oliphant were the
children of Typhoe'us and Earth. Argante used to carry off young
men as her captives, and seized "the Squire of Dames" as one of
her victims. The squire, who was in fact Britomart (the heroine of
chastity), was delivered by sir Sat'yrane (3 _syl_.).--Spenser, _Faery
Queen_, iii. 7 (1590).
_Argante_' (2 _syl_.), father of Octave (2 _syl_.) and Zerbinette (3
_syl_.). He promises to give his daughter Zerbinette to Leandre (2
_syl_.), the son of his friend Geronte (2 _syl_.); but during his
absence abroad the young people fall in love unknown to their
respective fathers. Both fathers storm, and threaten to break off the
engagement, but are delighted beyond measure when they discover that
the choice of the young people has unknowingly coincided with their
own.--Moliere, _Les Fourteries de Scapin_ (1671).
(Thomas Otway has adapted this play to the English stage, and called
it _The Cheats of Scapin_. "Argante" he calls _Thrifty_; "Geronte" is
_Gripe_; "Zerbinette" he calls _Lucia_; and "Leandre" he Anglicizes
ARGAN'TES (3 _syl_.), a Circassian of high rank and undoubted courage,
but fierce and a great detester of the Nazarenes. Argantes and Solyman
were undoubtedly the bravest heroes of the infidel host. Argantes
was slain by Rinaldo, and Solyman by Tancred.--Tasso, _Jerusalem
Bonaparte stood before the deputies like the Argantes of Italy's
heroic poet.--Sir Walter Scott.
AR'GENIS, a political romance by Barclay (1621).
AR'GENTILE (3 _syl_.), daughter of king Adelbright, and ward of Edel.
Curan, a Danish prince, in order to woo her, became a drudge in her
house, but being obliged to quit her service, became a shepherd. Edel,
the guardian, forcing his suit on Argentile, compelled her to flight,
and she became a neatherd's maid. In this capacity Curan wooed and won
her. Edel was forced to restore the possessions of his ward, and
Curan became king of Northumberland. As for Edel, he was put to
death.--William Warner, _Albion's England_ (1586).
AR'GENTIN _(Le sieur d_'), one of the officers of the duke of
Burgundy.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of Geiersiein_ (time, Edward IV.).
ARGE'O, baron of Servia and husband of Gabrina. (See _Dictionary of
Phrase and Fable_.)--Ariosto, _Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
ARGES'TES (3 _syl_.), the west wind.
Winged Argestes, faire Aurora's sonne,
Licensed that day to leave his dungeon,
Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
_Arges'tes_ (3 _syl_.), the north-east wind; Cae'cias, the north-west;
Bo'reas, the full north.
Boreas and Caecias and Argestes loud
... rend the woods, and seas upturn.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, x. 699, etc. (1665).
AR'GILLAN, a haughty, turbulent knight, born on the banks of the
Trent. He induced the Latians to revolt, was arrested, made his
escape, but was ultimately slain in battle by Solyman.--Tasso,
_Jerusalem Delivered_, viii. ix. (1575).
ARGON AND RURO, the two sons of Annir, king of Inis-thona, an island
of Scandinavia. Cor'malo, a neighboring chief, came to the island, and
asked for the honor of a tournament. Argon granted the request, and
overthrew him, and this so vexed Cormalo that during a hunt he shot
both the brothers with his bow. Their dog Runo, running to the hall,
howled so as to attract attention, and Annir, following the hound,
found his two sons both dead. On his return he discovered that Cormalo
had run off with his daughter. Oscar, son of Ossian, slew Cormalo in
fight, and restored the daughter to her father.--_Ossian_ ("The War of
ARGONAUTS, heroes and demi-gods, who sailed to Colchis in quest of the
golden fleece, guarded by a sleepless dragon. Jason was their leader.
_Argonauts (The)_. Title applied to adventurers who, in 1849, sought
gold in California. Bret Harte has seized upon the name as the theme
of tales and ballads of the "Forty-niners."
AR'GUS, the turf-writer, was Irwin Willes, who died in 1871.
ARGYLE _(Mac Callum More, duke of_), in the reign of George I.--Sir W.
Scott, _Rob Roy_ (1818).
_Mac Callum More, marquis of Argyle_, in the reign of Charles I.,
was commander of the parliamentary forces, and is called "Gillespie
Grumach;" he disguises himself, and assumes the name of Murdoch
Campbell.--Sir W. Scott, _Legend of Montrose_ (1819).
(Duke and duchess of Argyle are introduced also in the _Heart of
Midlothian_, by Sir W. Scott, 1818.)
ARIAD'NE (4 _syl_.), daughter of Minos king of Crete. She gave Theseus
a clew of thread to guide him out of the Cretan labyrinth. Theseus
married his deliverer, but when he arrived at Naxos _(Dia)_ forsook
her, and she hung herself.
Surely it is an Ariadne.... There is dawning womanhood in every line;
but she knows nothing of Naxos.--Ouida, _Ariadne_, i. 1.
AR'IBERT, king of the Lombards (653-661), left "no male pledge
behind," but only a daughter named Rhodalind, whom he wished duke
Gondibert to marry, but the duke fell in love with Bertha, daughter
of As'tragon, the sage. The tale being unfinished, the sequel is not
known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
ARIDEUS _[A.ree'.de.us]_, a herald in the Christian army.--Tasso,
_Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
A'RIEL, in _The Tempest_, an airy spirit, able to assume any shape,
or even to become invisible. He was enslaved to the witch Syc'orax,
mother of Caliban, who overtasked the little thing, and in punishment
for not doing what was beyond his strength, imprisoned him for twelve
years in the rift of a pine tree, where Caliban delighted to torture
him with impish cruelty. Prospero, duke of Milan and father of
Miranda, liberated Ariel from the pine-rift, and the grateful spirit
served the duke for sixteen years, when he was set free.
And like Ariel in the cloven pine tree,
For its freedom groans and sighs.
Longfellow, _The Golden Milestone_.
_A'riel_, the sylph in Pope's _Rape of the Lock_. The impersonation
of "fine life" in the abstract, the nice adjuster of hearts and
necklaces. When disobedient he is punished by being kept hovering over
the fumes of the chocolate, or is transfixed with pins, clogged with
pomatums, or wedged in the eyes of bodkins.
_A'riel_, one of the rebel angels. The word means "the Lion of God."
Abdiel encountered him, and overthrew him.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_,
vi. 371 (1665).
ARIELLA, an invalid girl, the daughter of Malachi and Hagar his wife,
in _Come Forth_, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward. Her
name signifies STRENGTH OF GOD. She has lain a helpless cripple for
nine years, when she is healed by a word from The Christ (1891).
ARIMAN'ES (4 _syl_.), the prince of the powers of evil, introduced by
Byron in his drama called _Manfred_. The Persians recognized a power
of good and a power of evil: the former Yezad, and the latter Ahriman
(in Greek, Oroma'zes and Ariman'nis). These two spirits are ever at
war with each other. Oromazes created twenty-four good spirits, and
enclosed them in an egg to be out of the power of Arimanes; but
Arimanes pierced the shell, and thus mixed evil with every good.
However, a time will come when Arimanes shall be subjected, and the
earth will become a perfect paradise.
ARIMAS'PIANS, a one-eyed people of Scythia, who adorned their hair
with gold. As gold mines were guarded by Gryphons, there were
perpetual contentions between the Arimaspians and the Gryphons. (See
Arimaspi, quos diximus uno oculo in fronte
media in signes; quibus assidue bellum esse
circa metella cum gryphis, ferarum volucri genere,
quale vulgo traditur, eruente ex cuniculis
aurum, mire cupiditate et feris custodientibus,
et Arimaspis rapientibus, multi, sed maxime
illustres Herodotus et Aristeas Proconnesius scribunt.--Pliny,
_Nat. Hist._ vii. 2.
AR'IOCH ("_a fierce lion_"), one of the fallen angels overthrown by
Abdiel.--Milton, _Paradise Lost_, vi. 371 (1665).
ARIODAN'TES (5 _syl_.), the beloved of Geneu'ra, a Scotch princess.
Geneura being accused of incontinence, Ariodantes stood forth her
champion, vindicated her innocence, and married her.--Ariosto,
_Orlando Furioso_ (1516).
ARI'ON. William Falconer, author of _The Shipwreck_, speaks of himself
under this _nom de plume_ (canto iii). He was sent to sea when a lad,
and says he was eager to investigate the "antiquities of foreign
states." He was junior officer in the _Britannia_, which was wrecked
against the projecting verge of cape Colonna, the most southern point
of Attica, and was the only officer who survived.
Thy woes, Arion, and thy simple tale
O'er all the hearts shall triumph and prevail.
Campbell, _Pleasures of Hope_, ii. (1799).
_Ari'on_, a Greek musician, who, to avoid being murdered for his
wealth, threw himself into the sea, and was carried to Tae'naros on the
back of a dolphin.
_Ari'on_, the wonderful horse which Hercules gave to Adrastos. It had
the gift of human speech, and the feet on the right side were the feet
of a man.
(One of the masques in Sir W. Scott's _Kenilworth_ is called "Arion.")
ARIO'STO OF THE NORTH, Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).
And, like the Ariosto of the North,
Sang ladye-love and war, romance and knightly worth.
Byron, _Childe Harold_, iv. 40.
ARISTAE'US, protector of vines and olives, huntsmen and herdsmen. He
instructed man also in the management of bees, taught him by his
In such a palace Aristaeus found
Cyrene, when he bore the plaintive tale
Of his lost bees to her maternal ear.
Cowper, _The Ice Palace of Anne of Russia_.
ARISTAR'CHUS, any critic. Aristarchus of Samothrace was the greatest
critic of antiquity. His labors were chiefly directed to the _Iliad_
and _Odyssey_ of Homer. He divided them into twenty-four books each,
marked every doubtful line with an obelos, and every one he considered
especially beautiful with an asterisk. (Fl. B.C. 156; died aged 72.)
The whole region of belle lettres fell under my inspection.... There,
sirs, like another Aristarch, I dealt out fame and damnation at
pleasure.--Samuel Foote, _The Liar_, i. 1.
"How, friend," replied the archbishop, "has it [_the homily_] met
with any Aristarchus [_severe critic_]?"--Lesage, _Gil Blas_, vii. 4
ARISTE (2 _syl_.), brother of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), not a _savant_,
but a practical tradesman. He sympathizes with Henriette, his womanly
niece, against his sister-in-law Philaminte (3 _syl_.) and her
daughter Armande (2 _syl_.), who _femmes savantes_.--Moliere, _Les
Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
ARISTE'AS, a poet who continued to appear and disappear alternately
for above 400 years, and who visited all the mythical nations of the
earth. When not in the human form, he took the form of a stag.--_Greek
ARISTI'DES (_The British_), Andrew Marvell, an influential member of
the House of Commons in the reign of Charles II. He refused every
offer of promotion, and a direct bribe tendered to him by the lord
treasurer. Dying in great poverty, he was buried, like Aristides, at
the public expense (1620-1678).
ARISTIP'POS, a Greek philosopher of Cyre'ne, who studied under
Soc'rates, and set up a philosophic school of his own, called
"he'donism" (_[Greek: aedonae]_ "pleasure").
[Illustration] C. M. Wieland has an historic novel in German, called
_Aristippus_, in which he sets forth the philosophical dogmas of this
An axiom of Aristippos was _Omnis Aristippum decuit color, et status,
et res_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. 17, 23); and his great precept was _Mihi
res, non me rebus subjungere_ (Horace, _Epist_. i. I, 18).
I am a sort of Aristippus, and can equally accommodate myself to
company and solitude, to affluence and frugality.--Lesage, _Gil Blas_,
v. 12 (1715).
ARISTOBU'LUS, called by Drayton Aristob'ulus (_Rom._ xvi. 10), and
said to be the first that brought to England the "glad tidings of
salvation." He was murdered by the Britons.
The first that ever told Christ crucified to us,
By Paul and Peter sent, just Aristob'ulus ...
By the Britons murdered was.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
ARISTOM'ENES (5 _syl_.), a young Messenian of the royal line, the
"Cid" of ancient Messe'nia. On one occasion he entered Sparta by night
to suspend a shield from the temple of Pallas. On the shield were
inscribed these words: "Aristomenes from the Spartan spoils dedicates
this to the goddess."
[Illustration] A similar tale is told of Fernando Perez del Pulgar,
when serving under Ferdinand of Castile at the siege of Grana'da. With
fifteen companions he entered Granada, then in the power of the Moors,
and nailed to the door of the principal mosque with his dagger a
tablet inscribed "Ave Maria!" then galloped back, before the guards
recovered from their amazement.--Washington Irving, _Conquest of
ARISTOPH'ANES (5 _syl_.), a Greek who wrote fifty-four comedies,
eleven of which have survived to the present day (B.C. 444-380). He is
called "The Prince of Ancient Comedy," and Menander "The Prince of New
Comedy" (B.C. 342-291).
_The English_ or _Modern Aristophanes_, Samuel Foote (1722-1777).
_The French Aristophanes_, J. Baptiste Poquelin de Moliere
ARISTOTLE. The mistress of this philosopher was Hepyllis; of Plato,
Archionassa; and of Epicurus, Leontium.
_Aristotle of China_, Tehuhe, who died A.D. 1200, called "The Prince
_Aristotle of Christianity_, Thomas Aqui'nas, who tried to reduce the
doctrines of faith to syllogistic formulae (1224-1274).
_Aristotle of the Nineteenth Century_, George Cuvier, the naturalist
AR'ISTOTLE IN LOVE. Godfrey Gobilyve told sir Graunde Amoure that
Aristotle the philosopher was once in love, and the lady promised to
listen to his prayer if he would grant her request. The terms being
readily accepted, she commanded him to go on all fours, and then,
putting a bridle into his mouth, mounted on his back, and drove him
about the room till he was so angry, weary, and disgusted, that he was
quite cured of his foolish attachment.--Stephen Hawes, _The Pastime of
Plesure_, xxix. (1555).
ARMADALE (_Allan_), bluff young Englishman, devoted to the sea and
ship-building, and prone to fall in love. He is betrothed, first
to Miss Milroy, a winning lass of sixteen, then to Miss Gwilt, her
governess, again and lastly to Miss Milroy, whom he marries.--Wilkie
ARMADO (_Don Adriano de_), a pompous, affected Spaniard, called "a
refined traveller, in all the world's new fashion planted, that had
a mint of phrases in his brain. One whom the music of his own vain
tongue did ravish." This man was chosen by Ferdinand, the king of
Navarre, when he resolved to spend three years in study with three
companions, to relate in the interim of his studies "in high-born
words the worth of many a knight from tawny Spain lost in the world's
His humor is lofty, his discourse peremptory, his tongue filed, his
eye ambitious, his gait majestical, and his general behavior vain,
ridiculous, and thrasonical.... He draweth out the thread of his
verbosity finer than the staple of his argument.--Shakespeare, _Love's
Labor's Lost_, act v. sc. 1 (1594).
ARMANDE (2 _syl_.), daughter of Chrysale (2 _syl_.), and sister of
Henriette. Armande is a _femme savante_, and Henriette a "thorough
woman." Both love Clitandre, but Armande loves him platonically, while
Henriette loves him with womanly affection. Clitandre prefers the
younger sister, and after surmounting the usual obstacles, marries
her.--Moliere, _Les Femmes Savantes_ (1672).
ARMI'DA, a sorceress, who seduces Rinaldo and other crusaders from
the siege of Jerusalem. Rinaldo is conducted by her to her splendid
palace, where he forgets his vows, and abandons himself to sensual
joys. Carlo and Ubaldo are sent to bring him back, and he escapes from
Armida; but she follows him, and not being able to allure him back
again, sets fire to her palace, rushes into the midst of the fight,
and is slain.
[Julia's] small hand
Withdrew itself from his, but left behind
A little pressure ... but ne'er magician's wand
Wrought change with, all Armida's fairy art,
Like what this light touch left on Juan's heart.
Byron, _Don Juan_, i. 71.
When the young queen of Frederick William of Prussia rode about in
military costume to incite the Prussians to arms against Napoleon, the
latter wittily said, "She is Armida in her distraction setting fire to
her own palace."
(Both Glueck and Rossini have taken the story of Armida as the subject
of an opera.)
_Armida's Girdle_. Armida had an enchanted girdle, which, "in price
and beauty," surpassed all her other ornaments; even the cestus of
Venus was less costly. It told her everything; "and when she would be
loved, she wore the same."--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ARM'STRONG (_John_), called "The Laird's Jock." He is the laird of
Mangerton. This old warrior witnesses a national combat in the valley
of Liddesdale, between his son (the Scotch chieftain) and Foster (the
English champion), in which young Armstrong is overthrown.--Sir W.
Scott, _The Laird's Jock_ (time, Elizabeth).
_Armstrong (Grace)_, the bride-elect of Hobbie Elliot of the
heugh-foot, a young farmer.--Sir W. Scott, _The Black Dwarf_ (time,
_Armstrong (Archie)_, court jester to James I., introduced in _The
Fortunes of Nigel_, by Sir Walter Scott (1822).
AR'NAUT, an Albanian mountaineer. The word means "a brave man."
Stained with the best of Arnaut blood. Byron, _The Giaour_, 526.
ARNHEIM (2 _syl.). The baron Herman von Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein's
_Sibilla of Arnheim_, Anne's mother.
_The baroness of Arnheim_, Anne of Geierstein.--Sir W. Scott, _Anne of
Geierstein_ (time, Edward IV.).
ARNOLD, the deformed son of Bertha, who hates him for his ugliness.
Weary of life, he is about to make away with himself, when a stranger
accosts him, and promises to transform him into any shape he likes
best. He chooses that of Achilles, and then goes to Rome, where he
joins the besieging army of Bourbon. During the siege, Arnold enters
St. Peter's of Rome just in time to rescue Olimpia, but the proud
beauty, to prevent being taken captive by him, flings herself from the
high altar on the pavement, and is taken up apparently lifeless. As
the drama was never completed, the sequel is not known.--Byron, _The
_Ar'nold_, the torch-bearer at Rotherwood.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_
(time, Richard I.).
_Ar'nold_ of Benthuysen, disguised as a beggar, and called
"Ginks."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Beggar's Bush_ (1622).
ARNOLD BRINKWORTH, frank, whole-souled sailor, in love with and
betrothed to Blanche Lundie. Through his friendship for the man who
has betrayed Anne Silvestre, and desire to serve the hapless woman, he
is the bearer of a message to her from _Geoffrey Delamayne_, and
is mistaken for her husband. Through this blunder he finds himself
married by Scotch law to Anne, while he is engaged to Blanche.--Wilkie
Collins, _Man and Wife_.
ARNOL'DO, son of Melchtal, patriot of the forest cantons of
Switzerland. He was in love with Mathilde (3 _syl._), sister of
Gessler, the Austrian governor of the district. When the tyranny of
Gessler drove the Swiss into rebellion, Arnoldo joined the insurgents,
but after the death of Gessler he married Mathilde, whose life he had
saved when it was imperilled by an avalanche.--Rossini, _Guglielmo
_Arnol'do_, a gentleman contracted to Zeno'cia, a chaste lady,
dishonorably pursued by the governor, count Clodio.--Beaumont and
Fletcher, _The Custom of the Country_ (1647).
AR'NOLPHE (2 _syl._), a man of wealth, who has a crotchet about the
proper training of girls to make good wives, and tries his scheme on
Agnes, whom he adopts from a peasant's hut, and intends in time to
make his wife. She is brought up, from the age of four years, in
a country convent, where difference of sex and the conventions of
society are wholly ignored; but when removed from the convent Agnes
treats men like school-girls, nods to them familiarly, kisses them,
and plays with them. Being told by her guardian that married women
have more freedom than maidens, she asks him to marry her; however, a
young man named Horace falls in love with her, and makes her his
wife, so Arnolphe, after all, profits nothing by his pains.--Moliere,
_L'Ecole des Femmes_ (1662).
Dans un petit couvent loin de toute pratique
Je le fis elever selon ma politique
C'est-a-dire, ordonnant quels soins on emploieroit
Pour le rendre idiote autant qu'il se pourroit.
Act i. I.
AR'NOT (_Andrew_), one of the yeomen of the Balafre [Ludovic
Lesly].--Sir W. Scott, _Quentin Durward_ (time, Edward IV.).
ARON'TEUS (4 _syl._), an Asiatic king, who joined the Egyptian
armament against the crusaders.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ARPA'SIA, the betrothed of Mone'ses, a Greek, but made by constraint
the bride of Baj'azet sultan of Turkey. Bajazet commanded Moneses
to be bow-strung in the presence of Arpasia, to frighten her into
subjection, but she died at the sight.--N. Eowe, _Tamerlane_ (1702).
AR'ROT, the weasel in the beast-epic of _Reynard the Fox_ (1498).
ARROW-HEAD, Indian warrior in Cooper's _Pathfinder_, the husband of
ARROW-MAKER, father of Minnehaha, in Longfellow's _Hiawatha_ (1855).
AR'SACES (3 _syl._), the patronymic name of the Persian kings,
from Arsaces, their great monarch. It was generally added to some
distinctive name or appellation, as the Roman emperors added the name
of Caesar to their own.
Cujus memoriae hunc honorem Parthi tribuerunt
ut omnes exinde reges suos Arsacis nomine
nuncupent.--Justin, _Historiarae Philippicae_, xli.
ARSE'TES (3 _syl._), the aged eunuch who brought up Clorinda, and
attended on her.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ARSINOE, prude in Moliere's comedy _Le Misanthrope_.
AR'TAMENES (3 _syl_.) or LE GRAND CYRUS, a "long-winded romance," by
Mdlle. Scuderi (1607-1701).
ARTAXAM'INOUS, king of Utopia, married to Griskinissa, whom he wishes
to divorce for Distaffi'na. But Distaffina is betrothed to general
Bombastes, and when the general finds that his "fond one" prefers
"half a crown" to himself, he hates all the world, and challenges the
whole race of man by hanging his boots on a tree, and daring any one
to displace them. The king, coming to the spot, reads the challenge,
and cuts the boots down, whereupon Bombastes falls on his majesty, and
"kills him," in a theatrical sense, for the dead monarch, at the close
of the burletta, joins in the dance, and promises, if the audience
likes, "to die again to-morrow."--W. B. Rhodes, _Bombastes Furioso_.
AR'TEGAL OR ARTHEGAL (_Sir_), son of Gorlois prince of Cornwall,
stolen in infancy by the fairies, and brought up in Fairyland.
Brit'omart saw him in Venus's looking-glass, and fell in love with
him. She married him, and became the mother of Aurelius Conan, from
whom (through Cadwallader) the Tudor dynasty derives descent. The
wanderings of Britomart, as a lady knight-errant and the impersonation
of chastity, is the subject of bk. iii. of the _Faery Queen_; and the
achievements of sir Artegal, as the impersonation of justice, is the
subject of bk. v.
Sir Artegal's first exploit was to decide to which claimant a living
woman belonged. This he decided according to Solomon's famous judgment
respecting "the living and dead child" (canto 1). His next was to
destroy the corrupt practice of bribery and toll (canto 2). His third
was the exposing of Braggadoccio and his follower Trompart (canto 3).
He had then to decide to which brother a chest of money found at sea
belonged, whether to Bracidas or Am'idas; he gave judgment in favor of
the former (canto 4). He then fell into the hands of Rad'igund queen
of the Amazons, and was released by Britomart (cantos 5 and 6), who
killed Radigund (canto 7). His last and greatest achievement was the
deliverance of Ire'na _(Ireland)_ from Grantorto _(rebellion)_, whom
he slew (canto 12).
N.B.--This rebellion was that called the earl of Desmond's, in 1580.
Before bk. iv. 6, Artegal is spelled Arthegal, but never afterwards.
[Illustration] "Sir Artegal" is meant for lord Gray of Wilton,
Spenser's friend. He was sent in 1580 into Ireland as lord-lieutenant,
and the poet was his secretary. The marriage of Artegal with Britomart
means that the justice of lord Gray was united to purity of mind or
perfect integrity of conduct.--Spenser's _Faery Queen_, v. (1596).
ARTEMIS'IA, daughter of Lygdamis and queen of Carlia. With five
ships she accompanied Xerxes in his invasion of Greece, and greatly
distinguished herself in the battle of Salamis by her prudence and
courage. (This is _not_ the Artemisia who built the Mausoleum.)
Our statues ... she
The foundress of the Babylonian wall _[Semirfa-mis]_;
The Carian Artemisia strong in war.
Tennyson, _The Princess_, ii.
_Artemis'ia_, daughter of Hecatomnus and sister-wife of Mauso'lus.
Artemisia was queen of Caria, and at the death of her fraternal
husband raised a monument to his memory (called a mausole'um), which
was one of the "Seven Wonders of the World." It was built by four
different architects: Scopas, Timotheus, Leochares, and Bruxis.
This made the four rare masters which began
Fair Artemysia's husband's dainty tomb
(When death took her before the work was done,
And so bereft them of all hopes to come),
That they would yet their own work perfect make
E'en for their workes, and their self-glories sake.
Lord Brooke, _An Inquiry upon Fame, etc_. (1554-1628).
ARTEMUS WARD, travelling showman and philosopher, whose adventures and
sayings as given by Charles Brown were a new departure in the history
of American dialect literature (1862).
ARTFUL DODGER, the sobriquet of John Dawkins, a young thief, up
to every sort of dodge, and a most marvellous adept in villainy.--Dickens,
_Oliver Twist_ (1837).
ARTHGALLO, a mythical British king, brother of Gorbonian, his
predecessor on the throne, and son of Mor'vidus, the tyrant who was
swallowed by a sea-monster. Arthgallo was deposed, and his brother
El'idure was advanced to the throne instead.--Geoffrey, _British
History_, iii. 17 (1142).
ARTHUR (_King_), parentage of. His father was Uther the pendragon, and
his mother Ygerne (3 _syl_.), widow of Gorlois duke of Cornwall. But
Ygerne had been a widow only three hours, and knew not that the duke
was dead (pt. i. 2), and her marriage with the pendragon was not
consummated till thirteen days afterwards. When the boy was born
Merlin took him, and he was brought up as the foster-son of sir Ector
(Tennyson says "sir Anton"), till Merlin thought proper to announce
him as the lawful successor of Uther, and had him crowned. Uther lived
two years after his marriage with Ygerne.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
Prince Arthur_, i. 2, 6 (1470).
Wherefore Merlin took the child
And gave him to sir Anton, an old knight
And ancient friend of Uther; and his wife
Nursed the young prince, and reared him with her own.
Tennyson, _Coming of Arthur_.
_Coming of Arthur_. Leod'ogran, king of Cam'eliard (3 _syl._),
appealed to Arthur to assist him in clearing his kingdom of robbers
and wild beasts. This being done, Arthur sent three of his knights to
Leodogran, to beg the hand of his daughter Guenever in marriage. To
this Leodogran, after some little hesitation, agreed, and sir Lancelot
was sent to escort the lady to Arthur's court.
_Arthur not dead_. According to tradition Arthur is not dead, but
rests in Glastonbury, "till he shall come again full twice as fair, to
rule over his people." (See BARBAROSSA.)
According to tradition, Arthur never died, but was converted into a
raven by enchantment, and will, in the fulness of time, appear again
in his original shape, to recover his throne and sceptre. For this
reason there is never a raven killed in England.--Cervantes, _Don
Quixote_, I ii. 5 (1605).
_Arthur's Twelve Battles_ (or victories over the Saxons). I. The
battle of the river Glem (_i.e._ the glen of Northumberland). 2 to 5.
The four battles of the Duglas (which falls into the estuary of the
Ribble). 6. The battle of Bassa, said to be Bashall Brook, which
joins the Ribble near Clithero. 7. The battle of Celidon, said to
be Tweeddale. 8. The battle of Castle Gwenion (_i.e._ Caer Wen, in
Wedale, Stow). 9. The battle of Caerleon, _i.e._ Carlisle; which
Tennyson makes to be Caerleon-upon-Usk. 10. The battle of Trath
Treroit, in Anglesey, some say the Solway Frith. 11. The battle of
Agned Cathregonion (_i.e._ Edinburgh). 12. The battle of Badon Hill
(_i.e._ the Hill of Bath, now Bannerdown).
Then bravely chanted they The several twelve pitched fields he
[_Arthur_] with the Saxons fought. M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv.
_Arthur, one of the Nine Worthies_. Three were Gentiles: Hector,
Alexander, and Julius Caesar; three were Jews: Joshua, David, and Judas
Maccabaeus; three were Christians: Arthur, Charlemagne, and Godfrey of
_Arthur's Foster-Father and Mother_, sir Ector and his lady. Their
son, sir Key (his foster-brother), was his seneschal or steward.--Sir
T. Malory, _History of Prince Arthur_, i. 3, 8 (1470).
N.B.--Tennyson makes sir Anton the foster-father of Arthur.
_Arthur's Butler_, sir Lucas or Lucan, son of duke Corneus; but sir
Griflet, son of Cardol, assisted sir Key and sir Lucas "in the rule of
the service."--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 8 (1470).
_Arthur's Sisters_ [half-sisters], Morgause or Margawse (wife of king
Lot); Elain (wife of king Nentres of Carlot); and Morgan le Fay, the
"great clark of Nigromancy," who wedded king Vrience, of the land of
Core, father of Ewayns le Blanchemayne. Only the last had the same
mother (Ygraine or Ygerne) as the king.--Sir T. Malory, _History of
Prince Arthur_, i. 2.
_Arthur's Sons_--Urien, Llew, and Arawn. Borre was his son by Lyonors,
daughter of the earl Sanam.--_History of Prince Arthur_, i. 15.
Mordred was his son by Elain, wife of king Nentres of Carlot. In some
of the romances collated by sir T. Malory he is called the son of
Morgause and Arthur; Morgause being called the wife of king Lot,
and sister of Arthur. This incest is said to have been the cause of
Mordred's hatred of Arthur.--Pt. i. 17, 36, etc.
_Arthur's Drinking-Horn_. No one could drink from this horn who was
either unchaste or unfaithful.--_Lai du Corn_ and _Morte d'Arthur_.
_Arthur's Shield_, Pridwin. Geoffrey calls it Priwen, and says it was
adorned with the picture of the Virgin Mary.--_British History_, ix. 4
_Arthur's Spear_, Rone. Geoffrey calls it Ron. It was made of
ebony.--_British History_, ix. 4 (1142).
His spere he nom an honde tha Ron wes ihaten.
Layamon. _Brut_, (twelfth century).
_Arthur's Sword_, Escal'ibur or Excal'ibur. Geoffrey calls it
Caliburn, and says it was made in the isle of Avallon.--_British
History_, ix. 4 (1142).
The temper of his sword, the tried Escalabour,
The bigness and the length of Rone, his noble
With Pridwin, his great shield.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, iv. (1612).
_Arthur's Round Table_. It contained seats for 150 knights. Three were
reserved, two for honor, and one (called the "siege perilous") for sir
Galahad, destined to achieve the quest of the sangreal. If any one
else attempted to sit in it, his death was the certain penalty.
[Illustration] There is a table so called at Winchester, and Henry
VIII. showed it to Francois I. as the very table made by Merlin for
Uther the pendragon.
And for great Arthur's seat, her Winchester
Whose old round table yet she vaunteth to be
M. Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
_Arthur_ (_King_), in the burlesque opera of
_Tom Thumb_, has Dollallolla for his queen, and Huncamunca for his
daughter. This dramatic piece, by Henry Fielding, the novelist, was
produced in 1730, but was altered by Kane O'Hara, author of _Midas_,
about half a century later.
_King Arthur and the Round Table_, a romance in verse (1096).
_The Holy Graal_ (in verse, 1100).
_Titurel_, or _The Guardian of the Holy Graal_, by Wolfram von
Eschenbach. Titurel founded the temple of Graalburg as a shrine for
the holy graal.
_The Romance of Parzival_, prince of the race of the kings of
Graalburg. By Wolfram of Eschenbach (in verse). This romance (written
about 1205) was partly founded upon a French poem by Chretien de
Troyes, _Parceval le Gallois_ (1170).
_Launcelot of the Lake_, by Ulrich of Zazikoven, contemporary with
_Wigalois_, or _The Knight of the Wheel_, by Wirnd of Graffenberg.
This adventurer leaves his mother in Syria, and goes in search of his
father, a knight of the Round Table.
_I'wain_, or _The Knight of the Lion_, and _Ereck_, by Hartmann von
der Aue (thirteenth century).
_Tristan and Yseult_ (in verse), by Master Grottfried of Strasburg
(thirteenth century). This is also the subject of Luc du Grast's prose
romance, which was revised by Elie de Borron, and turned into verse by
Thomas the Rhymer, of Erceldoune, under the title of the _Romance of
_Merlyn Ambroise_, by Robert de Borron.
_Roman des diverses Quetes de St. Graal_, by Walter Mapes (prose).
_La Morte d'Arthur_, by Walter Mapes.
_A Life of Joseph of Arimathea_, by Robert de Borron.
_The Idylls of the King_, by Tennyson, in blank verse, containing "The
Coming of Arthur," "Gareth and Lynette," "Geraint and Enid," "Merlin
and Vivien," "Lancelot and Elaine," "The Holy Graal," "Peleas and
Ettarre" (2 _syl._), "The Last Tournament," "Guinevere" (3 _syl._)
and "The Passing of Arthur," which is the "Morte d'Arthur" with an
introduction added to it.
(The old Arthurian Romances have been collated and rendered into
English by sir Thomas Malory, in three parts. Part i. contains the
early history of Arthur and the beautiful allegory of Gareth and
Linet; part ii. contains the adventures of sir Tristram; and part iii.
the adventures of sir Launcelot, with the death of Arthur and his
knights. Sir Frederick Madden and J.T.K. have also contributed to the
same series of legends.)
[Illustration] _Sources of the Arthurian Romances_. The prose series
of romances called Arthurian, owe their origin to: 1. The legendary
chronicles composed in Wales or Brittany, such as _De Excidio
Britanniae_ of Gildas. 2. The chronicles of Nennius (ninth century).
3. The Armoric collections of Walter [Cale'nius] or Gauliter,
archdeacon of Oxford. 4. The _Chronicon sive Historia Britonum_ of
Geoffrey of Monmouth. 5. Floating traditions and metrical ballads and
romances. (See CHARLEMAGNE.)
AR'THURET _(Miss Seraphina_ the papist and _Miss Angelica_), two
sisters in sir W. Scott's novel called _Redgauntlet_ (time, George
ARTHUR KAVANAGH, the new pastor in the Fairmeadow parish, endowed
"with the zeal of Peter and the gentleness of John," who writes on his
study-door Dante's injunction--
Think that To-day will never dawn again. _Kavanagh. A Tale_, by H.W.
ARTHUR LIVINGSTON, an American traveller in Egypt who falls in love,
at first leisurely, finally desperately, with the heroine of _Kismet_
by George Fleming (Julia C. Fletcher) (1877).
ARTHUR RIPLEY, young New York lawyer employed in the criminal case
that is the pivotal centre of interest in Sidney Luska's (Harry
Harland) novel, _Mrs. Peixada_ (1886).
AR'TURO (lord Arthur Talbot), a cavalier affianced to Elvi'ra "the
puritan," daughter of lord Walton. On the day appointed for the
wedding, Arturo has to aid Enrichetta (_Henrietta, widow of Charles
I._) in her escape, and Elvira, supposing he is eloping with a rival,
temporarily loses her reason. On his return, Arturo explains the
circumstances, and they vow never more to part. At this juncture
Arturo is arrested for treason, and led away to execution; but a
herald announces the defeat of the Stuarts, and free pardon of all
political offenders, whereupon Arturo is released, and marries "the
fair puritan."--Bellini's opera, _I Puritani_ (1834).
_Ar'turo_ [BUCKLAW]. So Frank Hayston is called in Donizetti's opera
of _Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See HAYSTON.)
AR'VALAN, the wicked son of Keha'ma, slain by Ladur'lad for attempting
to dishonor his daughter Kail'yal (2 _syl._). After this, his spirit
became the relentless persecutor of the holy maiden, but holiness and
chastity triumphed over sin and lust. Thus when Kailyal was taken to
the bower of bliss in paradise, Arvalan borrowed the dragon-car of the
witch Lor'rimite (3 _syl._) to carry her off; but when the dragons
came in sight of the holy place they were unable to mount, and went
perpetually downwards, till Arvalan was dropped into an ice-rift of
perpetual snow. When he presented himself before her in the temple of
Jaganaut, she set fire to the pagoda. And when he caught the maiden
waiting for her father, who was gone to release the glendoveer from
the submerged city of Baly, Baly himself came to her rescue.
"Help, help, Kehama! help!" he cried.
But Baly tarried not to abide
That mightier power. With irresistible feet
He stampt and cleft the earth. It opened wide,
And gave him way to his own judgment-seat.
Down like a plummet to the world below
He sank ... to punishment deserved and endless woe.
Southey, _Curse of Kehama_, xvii. 12 (1809).
ARVI'DA (_Prince_), a noble friend of Gustavus Vasa. Both Arvida and
Gustavus are in love with Christi'na, daughter of Christian II. king
of Scandinavia. Christian employs the prince to entrap Gustavus, but
when he approaches him the better instincts of old friendship and the
nobleness of Gustavus prevail, so that Arvida not only refuses to
betray his friend, but even abandons to him all further rivalry in the
love of Christina.--H. Brooke, _Gustavus Vasa_ (1730).
ARVIR'AGUS, the husband of Do'rigen. Aurelius tried to win her love,
but Dorigen made answer that she would never listen to his suit till
the rocks that beset the coast were removed, "and there n'is no stone
y-seen." By the aid of magic, Aurelius caused all the rocks of the
coast to disappear, and Dorigen's husband insisted that she should
keep her word. When Aurelius saw how sad she was, and was told that
she had come in obedience to her husband's wishes, he said he would
rather die than injure so true a wife and noble a gentleman.--Chaucer,
_Canterbury Tales_ ("The Franklin's Tale," 1388).
(This is substantially the same as Boccaccio's tale of _Dianora and
Gilberto_, day x. 5. See DIANORA.)
_Arvir'agus_, younger son of Cym'beline (3 _syl._) king of Britain,
and brother of Guide'rius. The two in early childhood were kidnapped
by Bela'rius, out of revenge for being unjustly banished, and were
brought up by him in a cave. When they were grown to manhood,
Belarius, having rescued the king from the Romans, was restored to
favor. He then introduced the two young men to Cymbeline, and told
their story, upon which the king was rejoiced to find that his two
sons whom he thought dead were both living.--Shakespeare, _Cymbeline_
ARYAN LANGUAGES (_The_)--
1. Sanskrit, whence Hindustanee.
2. Zend, whence Persian.
3. Greek, whence Romaic.
4. Latin, whence Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Wallachian
5. Keltic, whence Welsh, Irish, Gaelic.
6. Gothic, whence Teutonic, English, Scandinavian.
7. Slavonic, whence European Russian, and Austrian.
AS YOU LIKE IT, a comedy by Shakespeare. One of the French dukes,
being driven from his dukedom by his brother, went with certain
followers to the forest of Arden, where they lived a free and easy
life, chiefly occupied in the chase. The deposed duke had one
daughter, named Rosalind, whom the usurper kept at court as the
companion of his own daughter Celia, and the two cousins were very
fond of each other. At a wrestling match Rosalind fell in love with
Orlando, who threw his antagonist, a giant and professional athlete.
The usurping duke (Frederick) now banished her from the court, but her
cousin Celia resolved to go to Arden with her; so Rosalind in boy's
clothes (under the name of Ganymede), and Celia as a rustic maiden
(under the name of Alie'na), started to find the deposed duke. Orlando
being driven from home by his elder brother, also went to the forest
of Arden, and was taken under the duke's protection. Here he met
the ladies, and a double marriage was the result--Orlando married
Rosalind, and his elder brother Oliver married Celia. The usurper
retired to a religious house, and the deposed duke was restored to his
ASAPH. So Tate calls Dryden in _Absalom and Achitophel_.
While Judah's throne and Zion's rock stand fast,
The song of Asaph and his fame shall last.
_Asaph (St.)_ a British [_i.e. Welsh_] monk of the sixth century,
abbot of Llan-Elvy, which changed its name to St. Asaph, in honor of
So bishops can she bring, of which her saints shall be:
As Asaph, who first gave that name unto that see.
Drayton, _Polyolbion_, xxiv. (1622).
ASCAL'APHOS, son of Acheron, turned into an owl for tale-telling and
trying to make mischief.--_Greek Fable_.
ASCA'NIO, son of don Henrique (2 _syl._), in the comedy called _The
Spanish Curate_, by Beaumont and Fletcher (1622).
AS'CAPART or AS'CUPART, an enormous giant, thirty feet high, who
carried off sir Bevis, his wife Jos'ian, his sword Morglay, and his
steed Ar'undel, under his arm. Sir Bevis afterwards made Ascapart his
slave, to run beside his horse. The effigy of sir Bevis is on the city
gates of Southampton.--Drayton, _Polyolbion_, ii. (1612).
He was a man whose huge stature, thews, sinews, and bulk ... would
have enabled him to enact "Colbrand," "Ascapart," or any other giant
of romance, without raising himself nearer to heaven even by the
altitude of a chopin.--Sir W. Scott.
Those Ascaparts, men big enough to throw
Charing Cross for a bar.
Dr. Donne (1573-1631).
Thus imitated by Pope (1688-1744)--
Each man an Ascapart of strength to toss
For quoits both Temple Bar and Charing Cross.
ASCRAE'AN SAGE, or _Ascraean poet_, Hesiod, who was born at Ascra, in
Boeo'tia. Virgil calls him "The Old Ascraean."
Hos tibi dant calamos, en accipe, Musae
Ascraeo quos ante seni.
_Ecl._ vii. 70.
AS'EBIE (3 _syl_.), Irreligion personified in _The Purple Island_
(1633), by Phineas Fletcher (canto vii.). He had four sons: Idol'atros
(_idolatry_), Phar'makeus (3 _syl_.) (_witchcraft_), Haeret'icus,
and Hypocrisy; all fully described by the poet. (Greek, _asebeia_,
ASEL'GES (3 _syl_.), Lasciviousness personified. One of the four
sons of Anag'nus (_inchastity_), his three brothers being Maechus
(_adultery_), Pornei'us (_fornication_), and Acath'arus. Seeing
his brother Porneius fall by the spear of Parthen'ia (_maidenly
chastity_), Aselges rushes forward to avenge his death, but the
martial maid caught him with her spear, and tossed him so high i'
the air "that he hardly knew whither his course was bent." (Greek,
_aselges_, "intemperate, wanton.")--Phineas Fletcher, _The Purple
Island_, xi. (1633).
AS'EN, strictly speaking, are only the three gods next in rank to
the twelve male Asir; but the word is not unfrequently used for the
Scandinavian deities generally.
ASHBURTON (_Mary_), heroine of _Hyperion_, by H.W. Longfellow (1839).
ASH'FIELD (_Farmer_), a truly John Bull farmer, tender-hearted,
noble-minded but homely, generous but hot-tempered. He loves his
daughter Susan with the love of a woman. His favorite expression is
"Behave pratty," and he himself always tries to do so. His daughter
Susan marries Robert Handy, the son of sir Abel Handy.
_Dame Ashfield_, the farmer's wife, whose _bete noire_ is a
neighboring farmer named Grundy. What Mrs. Grundy will say, or what
Mrs. Grundy will think or do, is dame Ashfield's decalogue and gospel
_Susan Ashfield_, daughter of farmer and dame Ashfield.--Thom. Morton,
_Speed the Plough_ (1764-1838).
ASH'FORD (_Isaac_), "a wise, good man, contented to be poor."--Crabbe,
_Parish Register_ (1807).
ASHPENAZ, chief of eunuchs, and majordomo to Nebuchadnezzar, the
Babylonian monarch. Wily, corpulent, and avaricious, a creature to
be at once feared and despised.--_The Master of the Magicians_, by
Elizabeth Stuart Phelps and Herbert D. Ward (1890).
ASH'TAROTH, a general name for all Syrian goddesses. (See ASTORETH.)
[_They_] had general names
Of Baaelim and Ashtaroth: those male,
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 422 (1665).
ASH'TON (_Sir William_), the lord keeper of Scotland, and father of
_Lady Eleanor Ashton_, wife of sir William.
_Colonel Sholto Douglas Ashton_, eldest son of sir William.
_Lucy Ashton_, daughter of sir William, betrothed to Edgar (the master
of Ravenswood); but being compelled to marry Frank Hayston (laird of
Bucklaw), she tries to murder him in the bridal chamber, and becomes
insane. Lucy dies, but the laird recovers.--Sir W. Scott, _The Bride
of Lammermoor_ (time, William III.).
(This has been made the subject of an opera by Donizetti, called
_Lucia di Lammermoor_, 1835.)
ASIA, the wife of that Pharaoh who brought up Moses. She was the
daughter of Mozahem. Her husband tortured her for believing in Moses;
but she was taken alive into paradise.--Sale, _Al Koran_, xx., note,
and Ixvi., note.
Mahomet says, "Among women four have been perfect: Asia, wife of
Pharaoh; Mary, daughter of Imran; Khadijah, the prophet's first wife;
and Fatima, his own daughter."
AS'IR, the twelve chief gods of Scandinavian mythology--Odin, Thor,
Baldr, Niord, Frey, Tyr, Bragi, Heimdall, Vidar, Vali, Ullur, and
Sometimes the goddesses--Frigga, Freyja, Idu'na, and Saga, are ranked
among the Asir also.
AS'MADAI (3 _syl.)_ the same as As-mode'us _(4 syl.)_ the lustful and
destroying angel, who robbed Sara of her seven husbands _(Tobit_ iii.
8). Milton makes him one of the rebellious angels overthrown by Uriel
and Ra'phael. Hume says the word means "the _destroyer_."--_Paradise
Lost_, vi 365 (1665).
ASMODE'US _(4 syl.)_, the demon of vanity and dress, called in the
Talmud "king of the devils." As "dress" is one of the bitterest evils
of modern life, it is termed "the Asmodeus of domestic peace," a
phrase employed to express any "skeleton" in the house of a private
In the book of _Tobit_ Asmodeus falls in love with Sara, daughter of
Rag'uel, and causes the successive deaths of seven husbands each on
his bridal night, but when Sara married Tobit, Asmodeus was driven
into Egypt by a charm made of the heart and liver of a fish burnt on
(Milton throws the accent on the third syl., Tennyson on the second.)
Than Asmodeus with the fishy fume.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, iv. 168.
Abaddon and Asmodeus caught at me.
Tennyson, _St. Simeon Stylites_.
_Asmode'us_, a "diable bon-homme," with more gaiety than malice; not
the least like Mephistopheles. He is the companion of Cle'ofas, whom
he carries through the air, and shows him the inside of houses, where
they see what is being done in private or secrecy without being seen.
Although Asmodeus is not malignant, yet with all his wit, acuteness,
and playful malice, we never forget the fiend.--Le Sage, _Le Diable
(Such was the popularity of the _Diable Boiteux_, that two young men
fought a duel in a bookseller's shop over the only remaining copy, an
incident worthy to be recorded by Asmodeus himself.)
Miss Austen gives us just such a picture of domestic life as
Asmodeus would present could he remove the roof of many an English
home.--_Encyc. Brit_. Art. "Romance."
ASO'TUS, Prodigality personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633), by
Phineas Fletcher, fully described in canto viii. (Greek, _asotos_, "a
ASPA'TIA, a maiden the very ideal of ill-fortune and wretchedness.
She is the troth-plight wife of Amintor, but Amintor, at the king's
request, marries Evad'ne (3 _syl_.). "Women point with scorn at the
forsaken Aspatia, but she bears it all with patience. The pathos of
her speeches is most touching, and her death forms the tragical event
which gives name to the drama."--Beaumont and Fletcher, _The Maid's
AS'PRAMONTE (3 _syl_.), in Sir W. Scott's _Count Robert of Paris_
_The old knight_, father of _Brenhilda_.
_The lady of Aspramonte_, the knight's wife.
_Brenhilda of Aspramonte_, their daughter, wife of count Robert.
AS'RAEL or AZ'RAEL, an angel of death. He is immeasurable in height,
insomuch that the space between his eyes equals a 70,000 days'
AS'SAD, son of Camaral'zaman and Haiatal'nefous (5 _syl_.), and
half-brother of Amgiad (son of Camaralzaman and Badoura). Each of the
two mothers conceived a base passion for the other's son, and when the
young men repulsed their advances, accused them to their father of
gross designs upon their honor. Camaralzaman commanded his vizier to
put them both to death; but instead of doing so, he conducted them out
of the city, and told them not to return to their father's kingdom
(the island of Ebony). They wandered on for ten days, when Assad went
to a city in sight to obtain provisions. Here he was entrapped by an
old fire-worshipper, who offered him hospitality, but cast him into a
dungeon, intending to offer him up a human victim on the "mountain
of fire." The ship in which he was sent being driven on the coast of
queen Margiana, Assad was sold to her as a slave, but being recaptured
was carried back to his old dungeon. Here Bosta'na, one of the old
man's daughters, took pity on him, and released him, and ere long
Assad married queen Margiana, while Amgiad, out of gratitude, married
Bostana.--_Arabian Nights_ ("Amgiad and Assad").
ASTAG'ORAS, a female fiend, who has the power of raising
storms.--Tasso, _Jerusalem Delivered_ (1575).
ASTAR'TE (3 _syl_.), the Phoenician moon-goddess, the Astoreth of the
Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
_As'tarte_ (2 _syl_.), an attendant on the princess Anna
Comne'na.--Sir W. Scott, _Count Robert of Paris_ (time, Eufus).
_Astarte_ a woman, beloved by Manfred.--Byron, _Manfred_.
We think of Astarte as young, beautiful, innocent,--guilty, lost,
murdered, judged, pardoned; but still, in her permitted visit to
earth, speaking in a voice of sorrow, and with a countenance yet pale
with mortal trouble. We had but a glimpse of her in her beauty and
innocence, but at last she rises before us in all the moral silence of
a ghost, with fixed, glazed, and passionless eyes, revealing death,
judgment, and eternity.--Professor Wilson.
The lady Astarte his? Hush! who
comes here? (iii. 4.)
...The same Astarte? no! (iii. 4.)
AS'TERY, a nymph in the train of Venus; the lightest of foot and most
active of all. One day the goddess, walking abroad with her nymphs,
bade them go gather flowers. Astery gathered most of all; but Venus,
in a fit of jealousy, turned her into a butterfly, and threw the
flowers into the wings. Since then all butterflies have borne wings
of many gay colors.--Spenser, _Muiopotmos or the Butterfly's Fate_
ASTOL'PHO, the English cousin of Orlando; his father was Otho. He was
a great boaster, but was generous, courteous, gay, and singularly
handsome. Astolpho was carried to Alci'na's isle on the back of a
whale; and when Alcina tired of him, she changed him into a myrtle
tree, but Melissa disenchanted him. Astolpho descended into the
infernal regions; he also went to the moon, to cure Orlando of his
madness by bringing back his lost wits in a phial.--Ariosto, _Orlando
AS'TON _(Sir Jacob)_, a cavalier during the Commonwealth; one of
the partisans of the late king.--Sir W. Scott, _Woodstock_ (period,
_As'ton (Enrico)._ So Henry Ashton is called in Donizetti's opera of
_Lucia di Lammermoor_ (1835). (See ASHTON.)
AS'TORAX, king of Paphos and brother of the princess Calis.--Beaumont
and Fletcher, _The Mad Lover_ (before 1618).
AS'TORETH, the goddess-moon of Syrian mythology; called by Jeremiah,
"The Queen of Heaven," and by the Phoenicians, "Astar'te."
With these [_the host of heaven_] in troop
Came Astoreth, whom the Phoenicians called
Astarte, queen of heaven, with crescent horns.
Milton, _Paradise Lost_, i. 438 (1665).
(Milton does not always preserve the difference between Ashtaroth and
Ashtoreth; for he speaks of the "mooned Ashtaroth, heaven's queen and
AS'TRAGON, the philosopher and great physician, by whom Gondibert and
his friends were cured of the wounds received in the faction fight
stirred up by prince Oswald. Astragon had a splendid library and
museum. One room was called "Great Nature's Office," another "Nature's
Nursery," and the library was called "The Monument of Vanished Mind."
Astragon (the poet says) discovered the loadstone and its use in
navigation. He had one child, Bertha, who loved duke Gondibert, and
to whom she was promised in marriage. The tale being unfinished, the
sequel is not known.--Sir W. Davenant, _Gondibert_ (died 1668).
ASTRE'A _(Mrs. Alphra Behn_), an authoress. She published the story of
_Prince Oroonoka_ (died 1689).
The stage now loosely does Astrea tread. Pope.
ASTRINGER, a falconer. Shakespeare introduces an astringer in _All's
Well that Ends Well_, act v. sc. 1. (From the French _austour_,
Latin _austercus_, "a goshawk.") A "gentle astringer" is a gentleman
We usually call a falconer who keeps that kind of hawk [the goshawk]
an austringer.--Cowell, _Law Dictionary_.
AS'TRO-FIAMMAN'TE (5 _syl_.), queen of the night. The word means
"flaming star."--Mozart, _Die Zauberfloete_ (1791).
ASTRONOMER (_The_), in _Rasselas_, an old enthusiast, who believed
himself to have the control and direction of the weather. He leaves
Imlac his successor, but implores him not to interfere with the
"I have possessed," said he to Imlac, "for five years the regulation
of the weather, and the distribution of the seasons: the sun has
listened to my dictates, and passed from tropic to tropic by my
direction; the clouds, at my call, have poured their waters, and the
Nile has overflowed at my command; I have restrained the rage of the
Dog-star, and mitigated the fervor of the Crab. The winds alone ...
have hitherto refused my authority.... I am the first of human beings
to whom this trust has been imparted."--Dr. Johnson, _Rasselas_,
AS'TROPHEL (_Sir Philip Sidney_). "Phil. Sid." may be a contraction
of _philos sidus_, and the Latin _sidus_ being changed to the Greek
_astron_, we get _astron philos_ ("star-lover"). The "star" he loved
was Penelope Devereux, whom he calls _Stella_ ("star"), and to whom he
was betrothed. Spenser wrote a poem called _Astrophel_, to the memory
of Sir Philip Sidney.
But while as Astrophel did live and reign,
Amongst all swains was none his paragon.
Spenser, _Colin Clout's Come Home Again_ (1591).
ASTYN'OME (4 _syl_.) or CHRYSEIS, daughter of Chryses priest of
Apollo. When Lyrnessus was taken, Astynome fell to the share of
Agamemnon, but the father begged to be allowed to ransom her.
Agamemnon refused to comply, whereupon the priest invoked the anger of
his patron god, and Apollo sent a plague into the Grecian camp. This
was the cause of contention between Agamemnon and Achilles, and forms
the subject of Homer's epic called _The Iliad_.
AS'WAD, son of Shedad king of Ad. He was saved alive when the angel of
death destroyed Shedad and all his subjects, because he showed mercy
to a camel which had been bound to a tomb to starve to death, that it
might serve its master on the day of resurrection.--Southey, _Thalaba
the Destroyer_ (1797).
ATABA'LIPA, the last emperor of Peru, subdued by Pizarro, the Spanish
general. Milton refers to him in _Paradise Lost_, xi. 409 (1665).
AT'ALA, the name of a novel by Francois Auguste Chateaubriand. Atala,
the daughter of a white man and a Christianized Indian, takes an oath
of virginity, but subsequently falling in love with Chactas, a young
Indian, she poisons herself for fear that she may be tempted to break
her oath. The novel was received with extraordinary enthusiasm (1801).
(This has nothing to do with _Attila_, king of the Huns, nor with
_Atlialie_ (queen of Judah), the subject of Racine's great tragedy.)
ATALANTA, of Arcadia, wished to remain single, and therefore gave out
that she would marry no one who could not outstrip her in running;
but if any challenged her and lost the race, he was to lose his
life. Hippom'enes won the race by throwing down golden apples, which
Atalanta kept stopping to pick up. William Morris has chosen this for
one of his tales in _Earthly Paradise_ (March).
In short, she thus appeared like another Atalanta.--Comtesse D'Aunoy,
_Fairy Tales_ ("Fortunio," 1682).
_Atalanta_, the central figure in Algernon Charles Swinburne's poem
after AEschylus _Atalanta in Calydon_ (1864).
ATALI'BA, the inca of Peru, most dearly beloved by his subjects, on
whom Pizarro makes war. An old man says of the inca--
The virtues of our monarch alike secure to him the affection of his
people and the benign regard of heaven.--Sheridan, _Pizarro_; ii. 4
Ate (2 _syl_.), goddess of revenge.
With him along is come the mother queen. An Ate, stirring him to blood
and strife. Shakespeare, _King John_, act ii. sc. I (1596).
_Ate_ (2 _syl_.), "mother of debate and all dissension," the friend of
Duessa. She squinted, lied with a false tongue, and maligned even the
best of beings. Her abode, "far under ground hard by the gates of
hell," is described at length in bk. iv. I. When Sir Blandamour was
challenged by Braggadoccio (canto 4), the terms of the contest were
that the conqueror should have "Florimel," and the other "the old hag
Ate," who was always to ride beside him till he could pass her off to
another.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_, iv. (1596).
ATH'ALIE (3 _syl_.), daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, and wife of Joram
king of Judah. She massacred all the remnant of the house of David;
but Joash escaped, and six years afterwards was proclaimed king.
Athalie, attracted by the shouts, went to the temple, and was
killed by the mob. This forms the subject and title of Racine's
_chef-d'oeuvre_ (1691), and was Mdlle. Rachel's great part.
(Racine's tragedy of _Athalie_, queen of Judah, must not be confounded
with Corneille's tragedy of _Attila_, king of the Huns.)
ATHEIST'S TRAGEDY (_The_), by Cyril Tourneur. The "atheist"
is D'Amville, who murders his brother Montferrers for his
ATH'ELSTANE (3 _syl_.), surnamed "The Unready," thane of
Coningsburgh.--Sir W. Scott, _Ivanhoe_ (time, Richard I.).
[Illustration] "Unready" does not mean _unprepared_ but _injudicious_
(from Anglo-Saxon _raed_, "wisdom, counsel").
ATHE'NA (_Pallas_) once meant "the air," but in Homer this goddess is
the representative of civic prudence and military skill; the armed
protectress of states and cities. The Romans called her Minerva.
ATHE'NIAN BEE, Plato, so called from, the honeyed sweetness of his
composition. It is said that a bee settled on his lip while he was an
infant asleep in his cradle, and indicated that "honeyed words" would
fall from his lips, and flow from his pen. Sophocles is called "The
ATH'LIOT, the most wretched of all women.
Her comfort is (if for her any be),
That none can show more cause of grief than she.
Wm. Browne, _Britannia's Pastorals_, ii. 5 (1613).
ATH'OS. Dinoc'rates, a sculptor, proposed to Alexander to hew mount
Athos into a statue representing the great conqueror, with a city in
his left hand, and a basin in his right to receive all the waters
which flowed from the mountain. Alexander greatly approved of the
suggestion, but objected to the locality.
And hew out a huge mountain of pathos,
As Philip's son proposed to do with Athos.
Byron, _Don Juan_, xii. 86.
AT'IMUS, Baseness of Mind personified in _The Purple Island_ (1633),
by Phineas Fletcher. "A careless, idle swain ... his work to eat,
drink, sleep, and purge his reins." Fully described in canto viii.
(Greek, _atimos_, "one dishonored.")
A'TIN (_Strife_), the squire of Pyr'ochles.--Spenser, _Faery Queen_,
ii. 4, 5, 6 (1590).
ATOS'SA. So Pope calls Sarah duchess of Marlborough, because she was
the great friend of lady Mary Wortley Montagu, whom he calls Sappho.
But what are these to great Atossa's mind?
(The great friend of Sappho was Atthis. By Atossa is generally
understood Vashti, daughter of Cyrus and wife of Ahasuerus of the Old
AT'ROPOS, one of the Fates, whose office is to cut the thread of life
with a pair of scissors.
... nor shines the knife,
Nor shears of Atropos before their vision.
Byron, _Don Juan_, ii. 64.
ATTIC BEE _(The)_, Soph'ocles (B.C. 495-405). Plato is called "The
ATTIC BOY _(The)_, referred to by Milton in his _Il Penseroso_, is
Ceph'alos, who was beloved by Aurora or Morn, but was married to
Procris. He was passionately fond of hunting.
Till civil-suited Morn appear,
Not tricked and flounced, as she was wont
With the Attic boy to hunt,
But kerchiefed in a comely cloud.
_II Penseroso_ (1638).
ATTIC MUSE _(The)_, a phrase signifying the whole body of Attic
ATTICUS. The surname of T. Pomponius, the intimate friend of Cicero,
given to him on account of his long residence in Athens. His biography
is found in Nepor.
_The English Atticus_. Joseph Addison.
Who but must laugh if such a man there be.
Who would not weep if Atticus were he?
Pope, _Prologue to the Satires_.
AT'TILA, one of the tragedies of Pierre Corneille (1667). This king of
the Huns, usually called "The Scourge of God," must not be confounded
with "Athalie," daughter of Jezebel and wife of Joram, the subject
and title of Racine's _ches-d'oeuvre_, and Mdlle. Rachel's chief
AUBERT _(Therese)_, the heroine of C. Nodier's romance of that name
(1819). The story relates to the adventures of a young royalist in
the French Revolutionary epoch, who had disguised himself in female
apparel to escape detection.
AUBREY, a widower for eighteen years. At the death of his wife he
committed his infant daughter to the care of Mr. Bridgemore, a
merchant, and lived abroad. He returned to London after an absence of
eighteen years, and found that Bridgemore had abused his trust, and
his daughter had been obliged to quit the house and seek protection
with Mr. Mortimer.
_Augusta Aubrey_, daughter of Mr. Aubrey, in love with Francis Tyrrel,
the nephew of Mr. Mortimer. She is snubbed and persecuted by the
vulgar Lucinda Bridgemore, and most wantonly persecuted by lord
Abberville, but after passing through many a most painful visitation,
she is happily married to the man of her choice.--Cumberland, _The
Fashionable Lover_ (1780).
AUBRI'S DOG showed a most unaccountable hatred to Richard de Macaire,
snarling and flying at him whenever he appeared in sight. Now Aubri
had been murdered by some one in the forest of Bondy, and this
animosity of the dog directed suspicion towards Richard de Macaire.
Richard was taken up, and condemned to single combat with the dog, by
whom he was killed. In his dying moments he confessed himself to be
the murderer of Aubri. (See DOG.)
Le combat entre Macaire et le chien eut lieu a Paris, dans l'ile
Louviers. On place ce fait merveilleux en 1371, mais ... il est bien
anterieur, car il est mentionne des le siecle precedent par Alberic
des Trois-Fontaines.--Bouillet, _Dict. Universel, etc._
AUCHTERMUCHTY (_John_), the Kinross carrier.--Sir W. Scott, _The
Abbot_ (time, Elizabeth).
AUDHUMBLA, the cow created by Surt to nourish Ymir. She supplied him
with four rivers of milk, and was herself nourished by licking dew
from the rocks.--_Scandinavian Mythology_.
AUDREY, a country wench, who jilted William for Touchstone. She is an
excellent specimen of a wondering she-gawky. She thanks the gods that
"she is foul," and if to be poetical is not to be honest, she thanks
the gods also that "she is not poetical."--Shakespeare, _As You Like
|
<urn:uuid:d4f10170-b24f-4e08-9126-212df83ab39e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.fulltextarchive.com/page/Character-Sketches-of-Romance-Fiction-and3/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.925641
| 26,510
| 2.03125
| 2
|
With regards to car or truck insurance policy, there are plenty of different factors that could influence your quality. You may reduced your quality by driving safely and securely and responsibly. Other factors to contemplate when comparing fees incorporate your automobile make and design, the value of your car, And just how you employ it. If you often push extended distances, you are more likely to be involved with mishaps. In the end, The ultimate way to lower your insurance plan high quality is to find a plan that fits your preferences.
With regards to insurance policies, the standard auto owner is responsible for paying out between $1,a hundred to above $five,000 a 12 months. It is vital to recognize that charges will vary commonly from condition to state. In certain states, comprehensive protection expenses twice approximately minimum amount coverage. Detailed under are a few ideas that may help you get the best value. A bare minimum liability Restrict is just demanded in certain states, while comprehensive protection typically features a $five hundred deductible.
Selecting the suitable auto is important mainly because some cars and trucks are dearer than Some others, causing better insurance plan premiums. Furthermore, some autos are more expensive to mend and substitute, so their insurance policy rates are typically better. Drivers by using a thoroughly clean driving history usually receive far more very affordable rates. Age and gender also Perform a component in figuring out insurance policy rates. Youthful drivers are generally more risky than older motorists. Furthermore, some insurers use credit score scores to determine insurance premiums. Even so, some states have passed laws prohibiting these kinds of use.
You will find six fundamental types of automobile insurance plan coverages. This protection means that you can customise your plan to deal with an assortment of different conditions. You are going to also want to make sure that you may have legal responsibility coverage. Liability insurance plan is necessary by regulation in many states, however , you can opt for a special variety of coverage in case you’d want. Legal responsibility insurance addresses you just in case you’re at fault in a collision, but What’s more, it covers other motorists in your car. It pays for Others’s damages or accidents, and it can also go over professional medical payments.
A regular plan will consist of various varieties of protection, which includes liability, collision, in depth, uninsured/underinsured motorist, and professional medical payments. These are definitely all essential, and it is best to get enough of these. A few of these coverages may be obligatory in a few states, while others might not. To locate the ideal vehicle insurance policy protection for your preferences, go to a website including Freeway Insurance policies. You’ll find lots of protection choices and save time and money.
Every condition sets its individual least auto insurance needs, and these rules are broken down into three individual figures. In California, by way of example, that you are needed to have at the very least 15/thirty/5 in bodily injury legal responsibility coverage, and thirty/50/five in property harm liability. These quantities can vary widely, so it is best to check your condition’s demands prior to driving. When alternative insurance coverage can be a choice, it’s actually not generally a good idea.
The minimum protection needed by your point out will likely be legal responsibility protection, but quite a few lenders involve entire coverage. Total protection refers to both equally collision and detailed insurance, and it may be expected by your lender if you are financing your vehicle. Liability protection addresses damages to other people’s home from the event of a mishap but not your very own auto or self. Bodily personal injury legal responsibility and assets problems liability insurance policies may be combined to supply you with the top coverage at a really reasonable cost.
Regardless of whether you’ve got collision coverage on your car insurance plan plan is determined by your situation. Though you may not be demanded by legislation to possess this protection, lenders will probably have to have it if you propose on financing your vehicle. Lenders may also involve you to hold collision coverage In case you have a financial loan, which suggests that you simply should acquire whole protection car insurance plan. This coverage is often a requirement for most of us who finance an automobile, no matter if new or made use of.
Collision coverage pays the entire worth of your car while in the party of a mishap. When the insurance provider pays the complete price of repairs, it may not be more than enough to interchange the car if it’s stolen or totaled. You may additionally really need to pay some personalized income to switch the vehicle. For those who have this sort of coverage, make sure you realize the stipulations just before obtaining car or truck insurance coverage. It’s also advisable to comprehend the deductible, and that is separate through the collision deductible.
There are numerous factors to look at when buying a car or truck insurance coverage Monthly bill. Some states need bare minimum limitations on Residence and Uninsured motorist coverage, which pays for your distinction between your costs as well as the policy limit with the at-fault driver. Other states never involve underinsured motorist protection. Here are several guidelines to assist you buy the proper insurance policies coverage for your requirements. Ideally, the following pointers will make the process somewhat less complicated and conserve you income.
Liability coverage for auto insurance is critical to be able to defend yourself plus your assets versus promises of harm or assets problems. This protection can cover the price of protection or settlement must you be found at fault for a collision. There are plenty of different types of coverage, so it’s important to find out the difference between them in order to avoid pricey surprises. Condition Farm features regular prices for many amounts of protection. You could find it much more advantageous to select a medium coverage degree.
In the majority of states, you are required to carry liability coverage in the plan, which covers damages to Other individuals’s home and injuries to other people. This sort of coverage also shields you in case you induce a collision with An additional driver. This coverage could be the default policy in the majority of states, and is usually recommended for drivers in several nations around the world. Having said that, it is vital to realize that liability insurance plan limits are really diverse in Every condition. Your legal responsibility Restrict will determine just how much you will have to pay to protect damages.
In approximately each and every condition, it is illegal to drive with out legal responsibility protection, which incorporates residence destruction legal responsibility. When you result in harm to somebody else’s residence, liability protection pays for repairs. Having said that, your auto insurance coverage policy would not cover your personal motor vehicle’s damages. Your state could have unique minimal necessities for legal responsibility protection, so it’s important to check your plan prior to buying it. House protection is also crucial in your money protection. It can help you steer clear of remaining left with enormous insurance coverage payments if you result in a collision.
Your insurance plan must have some kind of property damage protection to compensate you within the event of the collision. This coverage pays for any damages you bring about to a different individual’s motor vehicle, including repairs. It also pays for the removal of particles following a collision. House protection is often penned with 3 quantities, which include bodily personal injury protection for every accident and home destruction coverage for every accident. Larger limitations, on the other hand, offer much more protection. Make sure you study your plan and inquire your insurance policies agent if you can find any exclusions or limits.
In Big apple, you’ll be able to claim uninsured motorist coverage if the opposite driver doesn’t have adequate coverage to cover the price of your collision. This coverage applies when the opposite driver isn’t identified at all plus the incident is successful-and-operate. The Coverage Law SS 5217 specifies the uninsured motorist coverage needs to be bought in any Bodily collision, but courts have interpreted this provision to only apply within a Bodily collision.
Underinsured and uninsured motorist protection are optional in some states, but in other states, you have to have them both of those. Getting both coverages will supply you with further protection in case you need to pay professional medical costs or other bills. If your uninsured driver leaves you which has a weakened motor vehicle, the uninsured motorist coverage can pay for the repairs. Although this coverage is not expected, it could be a intelligent notion to carry a minimum of the least level of liability coverage.
In the event you’ve never deemed it, vehicle insurance plan discount rates are a great way to cut costs and continue to be eco-friendly. Several new autos have protection capabilities such as airbags and anti-lock brakes that can reduce your rates. It’s also possible to get extra savings for owning protection features with your car or truck, including daytime working lights or anti-theft alarms. Paying out your premium in comprehensive every year will even take away payment problems for 12 months. In reality, about 50 percent of insurers give a discount for this kind of payment.
You may additionally be suitable for discount rates in the event you’ve had your policy for a number of many years. These discounts fluctuate dependant upon the amount of time you’ve experienced your plan, but lots of corporations offer you savings for becoming faithful to their buyers. You might be eligible for a discount of approximately fifteen% if you buy your plan at the least seven times before your renewal date. Apart from these bargains, some firms even provide savings to All those in particular occupations. As an example, instructors acquire ten% off their rates from Liberty Mutual. Armed service staff get a fifteen% price reduction from Geico.
Have you been a youthful driver seeking auto insurance coverage low cost quotations? Here are a few guidelines you can abide by to save money on car insurance plan protection: Raising your deductibles, acquiring a no claims discount, and obtaining a plan having a regional insurer. The following pointers can save you many bucks yearly on your automobile coverage plan. Additionally they enable you to get the lowest costs possible. Continue reading to learn much more. You will end up glad you did!
Youthful drivers can spend less on vehicle coverage by driving more safely and securely, lowering the amount of miles they push, and allowing the insurance provider keep track of their driving behavior. You can even minimize your rates by browsing all over for vehicle coverage. A lot of insurers demand an increased level for youthful motorists, so it is important to shop all-around. Thankfully, there are actually free of charge on-line quote comparison tools that make this simple. In addition, you may request a discount For those who have numerous vehicles and have them insured by exactly the same firm.
When looking for a policy, Make sure you compare a number of quotations and pick the best benefit and high quality. It’s also possible to try to find an insurance agent who’ll increase along with you, enabling you to make adjustments as your driving historical past alterations. Be sure you compare insurance policies which provide identical forms of protection, as deductibles and restrictions may make an enormous variation. For anyone who is a youthful driver, It’s also advisable to get more than enough protection to prevent economical disaster.
Acquiring a no claims price reduction on car or truck deal with is a great way to save cash in your premiums, and it may be worth inquiring your insurance company how to use it. Based on the insurance provider, the price reduction might be value between thirty% following a yr to as much as sixty five% just after five years. Remember that In case you have a collision, you can expect to lose two several years of no statements bonus. On top of that, a number of promises will even wipe out your whole no claims reward. It can be essential to notify your insurance company straight away of any mishaps that you’ve got, as failing to take action could suggest that future claims will be turned down.
Most insurers offer no promises price reduction security for a rate of close to PS25. It enables you to make a specific range of promises per year with out worrying about your rates heading up. It is also feasible to add it to a completely new coverage Should you have a no promises bonus. Additionally, you are able to transfer your no claims discount to another insurer if you wish. To keep the no claims price reduction, you ought to take into account switching suppliers on a yearly basis or two.
When seeking a cheap car or truck insurance estimate, increasing your deductibles is a great way to get reduced rates. Some estimates say you can save involving 15 and 30 per cent on your premium by raising your deductibles. These discounts could vary widely dependant upon your driving history, the kind of vehicle you drive, along with your point out’s rules. Increasing your deductibles may decrease your yearly top quality by as much as forty%.
Whilst boosting your deductible is not the appropriate choice for everybody, it may help you save 1000s of dollars over the long run. When the quantity you end up picking to lift your deductible will depend upon your fiscal condition, professionals endorse conserving at the least two months’ well worth of dwelling charges. Also, it will lessen your insurance plan prices on a monthly basis. Additionally, you will conserve a big sum of money when you at any time create a assert.
Getting a coverage that has a regional insurance company is usually useful for drivers which has a inadequate credit record. It can save you dollars every month on your own month to month insurance plan bill, and you will reap the benefits of reductions and excellent customer support. Getting a coverage using a regional insurer is accessible in all fifty states, and you can compare rates by state to seek out the bottom premiums. Nonetheless, it is necessary to note that it might have a couple months to boost your credit rating rating, plus some motorists by using a inadequate credit history historical past can finish up spending over $400 a year.
Erie Insurance plan is an additional regional insurer that provides low-cost car insurance. This organization is located in Pennsylvania, and has long been in organization considering the fact that 1925. Erie offers automobile insurance policy, life, and property insurance. Although Erie only delivers protection in specified states, it’s got a lot more than 13,000 unbiased insurance plan brokers through The usa. You can opt for an agent or even a regional insurer according to your needs. However, it is usually recommended that you just read through all great print before you make a call.
If you are a large-possibility driver, you have to Review auto insurance policies quotes and locate the cheapest plan for your needs. You should also look into the amount protection is accessible in your area to help you establish if a decreased fee is feasible. It would be extra economical to acquire much more coverage When you’ve got decreased hazard or if you settle for a greater deductible. Everything is determined by your requirements. Fortunately, there are numerous choices available to you.
If you are searching for the cheapest motor vehicle insurance policies quote for high-possibility motorists, you are in luck. You can easily find one particular by using a handful of clicks over the internet. The internet can provide you with several different estimates for coverage in a portion of the price of conventional auto coverage. Don’t just that, however it will likely make signing up for insurance policy lots less difficult. All you have to do is complete a simple on the net form, shell out your high quality, therefore you’re completed! The insurance provider will then print you a card as evidence of your insurance protection and you will have a policy to the highway.
If you have a weak credit rating history, you might be regarded as a large-chance driver by lots of insurance corporations. It is because you usually tend to file an insurance plan declare than the usual driver with superior credit. Your credit rating rating is often a Think about how insurance policies organizations look at you, along with a past DUI/DWI will raise your top quality by around sixty five%. This is certainly reminiscent of an additional $477 over a six-thirty day period policy. Another component that insurers consider is your driving history. A DUI/DWI can enhance your high quality by as much as $174, and also a rushing ticket can insert approximately about 45%.
Should you have a DUI on your own record, you can pick the cheapest car insurance policies provider. Corporations including Point out Farm, American Loved ones, and Progressive have some very good selections which provide reduce premiums for top-chance drivers. They also contemplate your credit score score when determining your high quality. Insurers look at these variables when selecting simply how much you pay out for your personal plan. A very poor credit history score could potentially cause insurance policy fees to skyrocket, so It can be crucial to learn your credit score rating before you make a choice.
There are a selection of elements to consider when choosing the cheapest automobile insurance coverage for youthful drivers. Your age and marital status Participate in a huge role inside your auto insurance coverage fees. The sort of automobile you push may also have an effect on your own high quality. For instance, superior-functionality automobiles are typically more expensive to insure than reduced-functionality vehicles. For that reason, the initial step to find The most affordable car or truck insurance plan for youthful drivers is to locate a auto with quite a few basic safety functions.
A great way to reduced the expense of motor vehicle insurance for young motorists is usually to decreased the coverage you require. Numerous insurers offer you special discounts should you be a good student, or In case you are in driver schooling. However, minimizing your protection could result in large out-of-pocket expenditures In case you have a mishap. Consequently, be sure to weigh the risks of this option carefully, and generally err on the aspect of obtaining better worth.
Young adults Have got a tough time securing low-cost vehicle insurance policy. Even though the cost of a plan for the 16-calendar year-aged driver is much increased than that of an adult, it can be lowered by incorporating a teenager to an present plan. This option improves charges by a mean of $one,461 a 12 months, but is often cheaper than obtaining a different plan. In addition, should you be a younger driver, seek out special discounts and also other strategies to save lots of.
The cost of automobile insurance may differ greatly dependant upon your profile, which can necessarily mean that you should shop close to for The most cost effective coverage for very low-threat motorists. Insurers look at quite a few things when determining on an coverage plan, which includes your driving document, demographics, and All round threat amount. Shown below would be the five most critical aspects to consider when evaluating insurance policy quotes. Bear in mind lower insurance plan rates Never suggest that you have to sacrifice top quality.
Firstly, take into consideration your zip code. Those people in large-crime spots will confront higher premiums. In addition, insurance policy corporations choose site visitors quantity into account. Also, be sure you don’t have any incidents or statements on your own file, as these will improve your premiums. Lastly, Take into account that you ought to Review rates every 6 months to stop having to pay greater than You will need to. It’s also wise to take into consideration getting a multi-policy lower price if you have multiple plan with a certain insurer.
Even though credit score scores are not legally used by insurers in a few states, they’re still vital concerns when comparing vehicle insurance coverage premiums. In Hawaii, motorists with poor credit rating can pay 168% much more than equivalent thoroughly clean motorists. In Massachusetts, high-hazard motorists pay thirty% greater than cleanse motorists. For new motorists, a DUI, dashing ticket, and undesirable credit rating will increase prices over Some others. You’ll want to acquire a few estimates before making a decision.
The zip code you live in is An important Consider the price of insurance. If you live in an area with superior criminal offense and incident prices, it is possible to assume to pay for more for insurance coverage quotations. Furthermore, aspects like website traffic quantity and accident background can enhance the cost of insurance plan. Most insurance policy corporations also take a look at a driver’s driving historical past to ascertain what fee they should demand for their policy. Normally, drivers using a lousy driving background fork out a lot more for protection than People having a thoroughly clean driving report.
Vehicle insurance policy has risen by $fifty – $a hundred in the final 5 years, as wellness care expenditures happen to be escalating. Motorists are required to have uninsured and PIP insurance, which happen to be above-common point out prerequisites. Numerous states only involve liability coverage, but New York calls for motorists to carry both. These optional coverages enhance the price of insurance, and may often increase the whole premium. Finally, motorists must Examine their coverage limits, as some procedures Possess a lower least number of protection than Many others.
In The big apple, the standard particular person spends 2.eight % of their profits on motor vehicle insurance policies, that’s a bit bigger in comparison to the national average of two.40 per cent. People today of their 30s, 40s, and 50s can pay marginally fewer than the typical. The 70+ age team can pay better premiums than motorists with less driving working experience. Those people who are married pays a little larger premiums, but nevertheless decrease than one people.
In addition to reduce charges, drivers could also consider defensive driving courses. These courses are 320 minutes in duration, and include discussions of driver Frame of mind and visitors regulations. In addition they instruct defensive driving techniques that will drastically lower the price of insurance. They may help to boost their driving document, so completing a training course can reduced the cost of a car coverage estimate. Even so, if you’re Uncertain about the exact protection you’ll need, you’ll be able to check with the Insurance policies Facts Institute.
When fuel charges fluctuate by state, the price of a car insurance plan quote in other states could possibly be better or reduce than your own personal. Some things may well account for this, together with The proportion of uninsured drivers, point out insurance policy laws, and the rate of theft. Also, the incidence of undesirable climate can adjust the price of insurance plan in various states. The subsequent desk shows average car insurance coverage rates in different states. These estimates are depending on a comparison of state insurance needs.
Missouri is The most affordable point out for comprehensive-coverage auto insurance plan, spending just $944 below Louisiana. Furthermore, this point out has among the lowest charges for every capita, and is ranked fifth concerning expense of living. In contrast, Texas motorists pay out the most for his or her motor vehicle insurance policies, spending around 33% of their once-a-year revenue in full. This disparity might be because of the fact that the state features a higher amount of uninsured drivers and lots of lawsuits.
The countrywide ordinary for complete protection auto insurance plan is $one,771 a calendar year. The state with the most costly insurance quality is Louisiana, with a quality of $2,839, a 19% boost from 2020. Conversely, Maine’s average insurance policies premium is only $858. It is because no-fault states have larger insurance premiums. The expense of an auto insurance coverage coverage in other states can differ substantially. There are lots of variables to contemplate, which includes your state’s legal guidelines on insurance policies.
When you are searching for high-chance driver automobile insurance coverage around me, you may well be asking yourself how to get a very low-Expense policy. Higher-threat drivers pay back greater insurance rates than ordinary drivers. It is because they tend to have far more incidents or violations on their own report. Based on the condition, the limit might be a few several years or 5 years. In some instances, you can get discounts if you take a driver basic safety system.
Though the nationwide averages for high-risk driver motor vehicle insurance policy close to me are quite regular, you can find that premiums range wildly from state to point out. Some corporations modify their costs to distinct states, Therefore if you live in a particular condition, you could learn that a person insurance provider features you the best coverage to get a small rate. The most cost effective higher-risk driver car insurance policy near me originates from Condition Farm, that has a long-standing popularity for furnishing fantastic assistance.
The ultimate way to discover a superior-danger driver vehicle insurance policies near me is always to enter your ZIP code and compare prices. The cost of large-threat vehicle insurance policy around me can vary from point out to state, but most huge insurers supply this sort of coverage. Some organizations concentrate on large-hazard coverage, like Countrywide General. You may even be capable of finding a cheaper coverage Should you have superior grades and a very low-possibility auto.
There are numerous benefits of comparing vehicle insurance businesses. In the following paragraphs, we will explore several of An important options, for example ratings, discount rates, and customer service. Selecting the ideal policy is important for your protection and protection, so make an effort to compare different policies from various companies. By the time you end reading this text, you’ll have an notion of which insurance company gives the best coverage at the bottom Charge. Here are a few ways to select the right a person for yourself:
To obtain the finest amount, it is best to Examine car coverage quotations from different firms. Insurers use a lot of factors to find out the price of insurance plan. It’s essential to recognize your unique desires and Evaluate charges from various suppliers. As an example, sports activities autos can Value a lot more to insure than common vehicles. On top of that, your locality and driving background can also impact the prices that you are quoted. By utilizing a comparison Instrument, yow will discover the lowest amount on the same coverage with the same deductibles.
Insurance plan rates could vary appreciably, so it really is important to know how each policy operates. One of the things that affect premiums are driving historical past, age, and credit score heritage. It’s also possible to Examine the benefits that every business presents, which include roadside help or incident forgiveness. Even though this could seem to be a frightening process, it may also help to check rates from unique suppliers and pick the ideal one particular. Detailed down below are a few ideas to get you started out.
In relation to evaluating auto insurance coverage companies, it is advisable to begin with the J.D. Electrical power car or truck insurance company rankings. These are typically based on purchaser fulfillment surveys that study A large number of vehicle insurance customers nationwide. The outcome are compiled into numerical scores that signify the businesses’ normal customer gratification rating. These rankings are printed every year, and the most effective car or truck insurance plan organizations in Each individual category are awarded gold medals. But how Did you know if the companies you are thinking about are any good?
There are lots of approaches To guage the economic toughness of car or truck insurance providers. First of all, you could Verify the AM Finest insurance provider ranking, which provides economical steadiness scores for automobile insurance plan providers. Whether the motor vehicle insurance provider has an A, B, C, or F ranking, it is important to know how secure it can be prior to selecting a plan. This is an important element of customer care, so be sure to examine the critiques and skim the great print before you make a call.
Car or truck insurance policy businesses give a range of reductions. Many of these reductions might not be readily available for Everybody, so it is important to check the corporation website to be sure you qualify for the savings that implement to you. Some firms present various savings, and It’s also possible to talk to your coverage agent When they are eligible for any certain discount. Having said that, the procedure is straightforward and infrequently usually takes below one hour. Under are a few examples of achievable vehicle insurance coverage reductions.
Legacy Discounts: A vehicle insurance provider may perhaps provide a reduction to new drivers who acquire their policy as a result of their mom and dad’ corporation. This discounted is generally about ten p.c. This is certainly one way to thank your mom and dad for your organization through the years, and it could help you save income on your car insurance policies coverage. Numerous organizations offer you legacy reductions to youthful drivers, and It truly is worth examining to discover If the insurance company gives one. It’s also possible to consider procedures made available from American Relatives, Farmers, or USAA.
In the insurance plan field, There are many businesses that consistently excel at customer support. Esurance, for instance, scored four out of five inside the J.D. Energy rankings for customer support, a substantial mark for a company whose mum or dad enterprise would not. The business scored bigger than its rivals in all other places, including coverage offerings and costs, in addition to the quality of service supplied by its Make contact with Heart representatives and Site.(personalised services)
The most important element of automobile coverage for many consumers is its coverage, but it’s the customer service that matters most. Prospects desire to Speak to their insurers and obtain prompt, courteous company. Consequently they wish to get a reaction for their email messages and cellular phone phone calls swiftly, and they want to talk to an agent who will listen to their worries and present solutions. When all car insurance policy providers might provide superb customer support, some do complete a lot better than Other individuals.(rideshare coverage)(just a couple clicks)(insurance policies alternatives)
A number of factors affect the premiums of auto insurance coverage firms. Driving record and age are two significant things. A driver which has a lousy driving heritage or even a bad credit rating rating can have better premiums. Also, the expense of dwelling in your area will influence the rates. For that reason, it’s important to check the rates of a number of insurance plan corporations to find the one particular that may suit your spending budget plus your driving patterns. There are numerous approaches to decreased your rates, for instance slicing coverage or having a defensive driving class. You may also prefer to pay for a complete calendar year of protection up front.(Invoice on the net)(worker reductions)(at fault accident)(coated incident)
Together with the above-mentioned components, all kinds of other issues can boost your high quality. For example, when you’ve just lately produced a declare or logged a targeted traffic violation, your insurance supplier will reassess your rates. On top of that, if you take a secure driving study course, you may be qualified for a discount. Insurance plan providers are constantly tweaking their versions to find out the charges, and you would possibly notice a variance within your premiums Even when you’ve hardly ever adjusted your driving record.(usage dependent insurance)(rental cars and trucks)(car or truck repairs)(Safe and sound driver low cost)
An auto insurance policies Examine is a terrific way to stay clear of disreputable insurance companies. Such as, lower rates from a selected insurance company can be deceptive When the quotation excludes sure protection or would make inaccurate assumptions about your driving profile. By hunting up insurance policy organizations’ rankings and also the A.M. Very best score, you could find the cheapest insurance plan organizations in your area. Examine this text to Discover how motor vehicle insurance coverage compares could help you save dollars. Then, Get the estimates from your major companies and find out which 1 is the best for you.(incident cost-free)
Your credit-centered coverage rating can be a valuable indicator of exactly how much hazard you happen to be very likely to pose, but you shouldn’t Enable it dictate your premiums. The federal govt won’t enable insurers to use your credit rating heritage as the only real cause for a rise in your premiums. Nonetheless, states such as California, Massachusetts, Oregon, Utah, and Vermont have rules in position that limit insurers from making use of credit score history to ascertain insurance policies premiums.(could preserve)(new motor vehicle)(vehicle claim)
Nevertheless, this kind of insurance won’t implement to each condition, so shoppers don’t have any way to determine if a business is utilizing your rating to come to a decision how much to cost them. Some states, including California, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Michigan, do ban credit score-based mostly coverage. All kinds of other states even have limitations on the usage of credit rating-primarily based insurance coverage scores. Eventually, you need to make a decision for yourself if your credit-based mostly coverage score is appropriate for you.(bike coverage)(roadside support coverage)(bundling vehicle)(receive a auto insurance plan)(pet insurance policy)(true dollars benefit)(exceptional promises support)(yacht insurance policies)
Quite a few factors affect the price of car or truck insurance coverage special discounts, together with age. Age has an effect on your level by a lot more than 30 %, and in a few states, a young driver can pay Practically 4 occasions around a 30-yr-aged. Inexperience is yet another significant element, as young adolescents are more likely to go into accidents. By knowing what aspects have an effect on your rates, you are able to negotiate lessen charges for yourself. Listed down below are a few of the ways that age has an effect on your car insurance policy.
Generally, the youthful you might be, the reduced your premiums will be. But if you are a person, age does have an impact on the price of car or truck coverage. Though young male motorists pay back below their older counterparts, premiums for drivers in their sixties and seventies skyrocket. Statistically, males are two and a half times as likely to be involved in a vehicle crash than Women of all ages, Hence the gender gap decreases with age.(coverage selections)(homeowners insurance)
The truth that a man can pay an increased top quality for motor vehicle insurance than a woman will not be fully stunning. Quite a few Adult males make weak options although driving, leading to far more mishaps and claims. Even so, There are some factors that make men dearer to insure. Below are a few of the very best explanation why. Keep reading to discover more about the preferred things that have an affect on auto insurance plan charges by gender. And when you’re still baffled, take into account the following tips for reducing your rates.(car coverage insurance policies)(automobile insurance coverage quotation)(automobile insurance policy amount)
The Oregon Division of economic Regulation has instructed auto insurers to support consumers who Never specify their gender. Discrimination in opposition to non-binary individuals can be grounds for unfair discrimination expenses, and insurers ought to file costs for people motorists commencing in January 2019. These fees can be increased than These for male and feminine motorists. Assuming that they’re not extreme, Girls should be able to spend less. Also, Don’t be concerned with regard to the “non-binary” amount for youthful motorists.(auto insurance plan claim)(hole insurance coverage)(car coverage)
|
<urn:uuid:5d23b371-e0d8-4da8-afa4-9bebdf52e22c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cheapcarinsurancebyzip.info/car-insurance-in-folsom-pa/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00067.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.952817
| 7,265
| 1.523438
| 2
|
Learning to Extract Entities from Labeled and Unlabeled Text
Imagine trying to build a system to identify people, locations and organizations, or other arbitrary types, in a human language you are not familiar with.
If we knew what kinds of words represent the classes people, locations and organizations, by examining enough text data they occur in, we could learn to recognize the contexts they occur in. And if we knew what kind of contexts they occur in, we could recognize instances of these classes themselves. In this work we address this chicken-and-egg problem by assigning it to a computer, and giving it a small number of examples of the class as initial examples to learn from. We explore several algorithms in which alternating looking at noun-phrases and their local contexts allows us to learn to recognize members of a semantic class in context. We examine active learning algorithms for eliciting useful labels from an expert to improve learning performance, customized to this domain. Finally we explore the graph structure of the underlying labeled and unlabeled data, showing how properties of this graph structure explain performance and inform design choices we have to make when applying these methods to new tasks.
Last modified: April 16th, 2013
|
<urn:uuid:e233cefc-e186-472b-8f27-4ac709a61fd7>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~rosie/thesis/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931407
| 243
| 2.828125
| 3
|
Who Says It's a Microsoft World?
Posted on: 10/02/2005 08:53 AM
The TechZone has an article showing how we use Linux everyday and may not know it.
I like to tell Linux doubters I encounter that they in fact probably use Linux as part of their daily activities. As you can imagine, they want to see the proof. I thought I'd share with you my favorite examples of Linux playing an integral part of our society and show you how, in some shape or form, many of us rely on Linux every single day of our lives.Who Says It's a Microsoft World?
|
<urn:uuid:7ec9d636-10f9-414a-8589-ff8828076202>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.linuxcompatible.org/news/printer/who_says_its_a_microsoft_world.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717954.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00508-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.948636
| 127
| 1.859375
| 2
|
The halcyon horseshoe bat is a species of bat in the family Rhinolophidae. It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, South Sudan, Togo, Uganda, possibly Gabon, and possibly Sierra Leone. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forest, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest, moist savanna, caves, and subterranean habitats . It is threatened by habitat loss.
This is a part of the Wikipedia article used under the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA).
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g., cats, ants, snails), as compared with aquatic animals, which liv...
Among animals, viviparity is the development of the embryo inside the body of the parent. The term 'viviparity' and its adjective form 'viviparous'...
A fossorial animal is one adapted to digging which lives primarily but not solely, underground. Some examples are badgers, naked mole-rats, clams, ...
|
<urn:uuid:bb0618b6-a551-4967-a115-85c2a1b00154>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://animalia.bio/halcyon-horseshoe-bat
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00474.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.867735
| 283
| 3.03125
| 3
|
The online room-sharing company, already grappling with allegations of racial bias among its hosts, faces another ugly accusation.
Airbnb, the company that helps people find short-term apartment rentals as an alternative to hotels, is once again under fire for the unauthorized practices of some hosts.
In Los Angeles, the city attorney is suing several property owners, saying they are evicting people from rent-controlled buildings and turning the units into Airbnb rentals, reports the Los Angeles Times.
The Airbnb model allows people to rent out a property they own on a short-term basis. The service acts as a go-between for travelers who are looking for affordable lodging and homeowners who want to make a few bucks renting out their home or spare bedroom.
An Airbnb spokesperson decried the practice of illegally evicting people and using the Airbnb platform to make a quick buck.
Airbnb has also been struggling with the alleged racism of some hosts, according to the New York Times, A paper published by Harvard University researchers said people with African-American sounding names find it harder to rent rooms through the site. There is also a class action lawsuit in the works alleging that Airbnb violated federal law when a man was denied a rental because of his race. In the Times’ story, Airbnb CEO Brian Chesky vowed to root out the problem by finding ways to design a more inclusive site.
Airbnb, the most popular of the home-sharing sites, has more than 2 million listings, mostly for leisure travelers, according to Quartz. But the company recently began to push into the business travel market, in a long-term challenge to the traditional hotel industry.
What’s your experience with Airbnb? Share with us in comments below or on our Facebook page.
|
<urn:uuid:a121090e-abb5-4033-87fc-58f124d741c0>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.moneytalksnews.com/prosecutor-sues-airbnb-hosts-for-evicting-low-income-tenants/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00278-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954271
| 353
| 1.664063
| 2
|
Description This 10-15 mm long, glassy-transparent animal represents a mature Stylocoronella riedli. It was found on 18 June 2005 at 8 m depth (coarse sand with shell-gravel) attached to a Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin. The locality was the northern Adriatic Sea off the Diving Base Mihuric at Selce (about 40 km south of Rijeka/Croatia), close to Crikvenica on the
Vinodolski Kanal (45º09´07,8´´N, 14º43´15,0´´E); the temperature of the bottom-water was 15.6 Degrees Celsius.Author Anne Frijsinger & Mat Vestjens· JPG file - 124.56 kB - 600 x 450 pixelsadded on 2009-04-271 707 viewsWoRMS taxaStylocoronella riedli Salvini-Plawen, 1966 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 4.0 License
Disclaimer: WoRMS does not exercise any editorial control over the information displayed here. However, if you come across any misidentifications, spelling mistakes or low quality pictures, your comments would be very much appreciated. You can reach us by emailing firstname.lastname@example.org or adding a comment, we will correct the information or remove the image from the website when necessary or in case of doubt.
|
<urn:uuid:2145912a-899e-4409-b914-31ed766c6fac>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.marinespecies.org/photogallery.php?album=1114&pic=22428&from=rss
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.809695
| 310
| 1.546875
| 2
|
Luxury Accommodation in Northern Cape
Northern Cape travel guide
If you’re into space – and vast quantities of it - South Africa's Northern Cape Province is for you. Endless flat vistas stretch out across the silent, thirsty landscapes which form part of the area known as the Karoo. It was in the heart of this province - at Verneukpan - that Malcolm Campbell attempted to break the Land Speed Record in 1929 in his car, Bluebird. He failed, but he succeeded in putting this strikingly desolate part of the world on the map.
Not that the Northern Cape Province is all boundless desolation. It is hemmed-in to the south by the Swartberg Mountains. Flowing through the heart of this enormous province is the mighty Orange River – giving rise to startling oases of verdant farmland valleys throughout the region. Travel from the windswept Atlantic coast in the west, eastward into Namaqualand - world famous for its dazzling, abundant spring daisies - or visit the legendary thundering Augrabies Falls as the Orange River drops by a dizzying 191 meters!
Squeezed into a podgy finger-like shape and bordered by both Namibia and Botswana is the popular Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. Here, red dunes, scrubland and impressive camel thorn trees provide a dramatic backdrop for game spotting - with leopard, gemsbok, pygmy falcons and black-maned Kalahari lions on the viewing wish list.
Northern Cape Highlights
- Augrabies - Visit the thunderous, impressive Augrabies falls. On this stretch of the Orange River, expect to see striking granite rock formations and dramatic quiver trees. While visiting the Augrabies Falls National Park you might spot an endangered black rhino.
- Colesberg - One of Colesberg’s surrounding koppies (hillocks) Coleskop, is considered to be a magic mountain. It can be seen from 40km away, but, according to folklore, by some bizarre optical illusion never seems to get nearer as you travel towards it. The stylish Colesberg-Kemper Museum is home to valuable relics and mementos.
- Kakamas – Check out the water-wheel in the main road, which was modified by Piet Burger from an ancient Egyptian design. Kakamas is also the location of South Africa’s first hydro-electric power station, which was designed to look like an Egyptian temple!
- Kimberly - Capital of the Northern Cape Province - The diamond rush is long gone, but modern day Kimberly is a haven of history. Apart from the famous ‘Big Hole’, a must-see is the Magersfontein battlefield south of Kimberly, where a remarkable Anglo-Boer War battle took place. Kimberly has a plethora of museums including the Freddie Tate Golf Museum at the Kimberly Golf Club is the first of its kind in SA. The transport museum and the unique Pioneers of Aviation Museum are fun for the whole family.
- Springbok – with 300 days of sunshine a year, this town is for die-hard sun worshippers. Springbok’s main attraction isn’t its fantastic weather, though, it is world famous for its flower power! Once a year, from July to September, thick carpets of Namaqua daisies miraculously adorn the rugged, thirsty landscape surrounding the town in spring - a visual banquet not to be missed
- Sutherland - Home of S.A.L.T – the South African Large Telescope, and a popular place for snow-hunters to find plenty of the white stuff over winter.
- Upington - The gateway to the colossal Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. The Upington airport boasts the longest tarred runway in Africa at 4900m! Apparently this runway is an emergency backup airstrip for NASA space shuttles.
Our Portfolio of Northern Cape accommodation
The Northern Cape is a semi-arid region with low rainfalls. Summers are hot – anything from a mild 25 degrees Celsius in Sutherland to a sweltering 40 degrees Celsius in Upington. Chilly, crisp winters – southern areas, such as Sutherland can be desperately cold, but for the most part, winters are mild at around 17 degrees Celsius.
Use our Northern Cape map to dig out the gems of this region, including Augrabies, Colesberg, Kakamas, Kimberly, Springbok and Upington. And wherever your Northern Cape travels take you, Portfolio can guide you to the best, quality and luxury Northern Cape accommodation in a range of B&Bs, guest houses, farm stays and safari lodges in this South African province.
Contact Portfolio for all your Northern Cape accommodation needs, travel advice and online bookings.
|
<urn:uuid:0db4e7d6-216d-4fd0-9422-77c8b2aecd34>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.portfoliocollection.com/location/northern-cape
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00091-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.909591
| 996
| 1.65625
| 2
|
World's first algae house produces green energy at IBA Hamburg
The first house in the world to supply its own energy with unique “bioskin” through the cultivation of micro-algae is being presented at the International Building Exhibition IBA Hamburg in Germany.
As a part of the International Building Exhibition IBA Hamburg, the Bio Intelligent Quotient (BIQ) House is the world’s first building to have a bioreactor façade. The façade of the five-story BIQ House comprises a vertical algae farm with an integrated bioreactor, turning the building into a Plus Energy House. This weekend, the house became fully operational as the glass façade was filled with liquid biomass. From now on, microalgae will be cultivated in 129 transparent glass panels, individually measuring 2.5 x 0.7 meters, which make up its “bioskin.” While these panels are used to produce energy, they also regulate light and provide shade. The combination of energy-saving algae and geothermal and solar energy will generate more energy than the residents of the house will consume.
“The BIQ House makes the district of Wilhelmsburg, the biggest urban river island in the heart of Hamburg, more sustainable,” said Uli Hellweg, managing director of the IBA. “From now on, the microalgae on the façade will be supplying renewable energy for the building’s residents and the surrounding district. We know that about one-third of CO2 emissions are produced by households. Because of that, this innovative approach of sustainable urban living is an important signal for building construction in times of climate change. The BIQ House is part of a cluster of different energy projects launched by the IBA that will help to make Wilhelmsburg the most climate-friendly district in Hamburg within this year. Within the next four decades, the district of Wilhelmsburg with more than 50,000 inhabitants could become completely carbon-neutral.”
Cycles of Solar Energy
With its holistic energy concept, the BIQ building is setting new standards: it draws all of the energy needed to generate electricity and heat from renewable sources—fossil fuels are not required. The building is able to generate energy using the algae biomass harvested from its own façade. Moreover, the façade collects energy by absorbing the light that is not used by the algae and heat generation, similar to a solar thermal unit, and is then either used directly for hot water and heating, or can be cached for later use in the ground using borehole heat exchangers—80 meter-deep holes filled with brine. This remarkably sustainable energy concept is thus capable of creating a cycle of solar and geothermal energy, while also integrating a condensing boiler, local heat and the capture of biomass using the bioreactor façade.
The BIQ building shows that, in future, façades will be able to serve a number of different functions, and be much more than an aesthetic cladding to protect against the elements. While the northeast and northwest sides of the building have an elaborately decorated shell to draw the eye, the algae within the southwest and southeast façades produce biomass for renewable energy. In addition, the façade also serves the more conventional purposes of insulating the building from sound, heat and cold, and provides shade in bright sunlight. But the house will also offer residents a new approach to life using visionary spatial concepts. Individually controlled rooms will make it possible to switch functions and components on and off on demand.
IBA: Models for Climate-Friendly Urban Development
On Europe’s biggest urban river islands, Wilhelmsburg and Veddel, the International Building Exhibition IBA Hamburg is currently showcasing future modes of living, working and learning. In 2013, the IBA’s presentation year, more than 60 projects are displaying innovative approaches for the city of the future. Additional topics include ideas for future energy supply and ways of addressing the challenges posed by climate change. Right beside the new Inselpark, on the international garden show premises, the “Building Exhibition within the Building Exhibition” opened its gates on March 23. This key IBA project in Wilhelmsburg Central showcases the future of building and living, with smart buildings constructed of “intelligent” and regenerative building materials—such as the BIQ House with its energy-supplying algae façade or the Energy Bunker, a former flak bunker, now a flagship for renewable energy.
Hamburg: Hotspot for Green Techs, Renewable Energies
Hamburg is combining environmental protection with economic growth. Projects such as the International Building Exhibition IBA Hamburg exhibit the potential of green technologies for companies and residents alike. Hamburg has the potential to successfully implement the energy transition, meet ambitious climate targets and create additional jobs. This is also owing to the strength of the city’s companies and research facilities in the field of green technology. According to a 2012 survey of the Hamburg Chamber of Commerce and Industry, there are approximately 1,980 green technology companies in Hamburg with around 33,400 employees. These companies are active in the core fields of power generation, green building, water, recycling and waste management, financing and insurance, energy services, as well as mobility and logistics. The estimated sales volume for 2012 amounted to approximately €10.66 billion.
|
<urn:uuid:393d909a-17af-48d5-bd87-c37a2c4e8b3e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/9093/worlds-first-algae-house-produces-green-energy-at-iba-hamburg
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.934436
| 1,117
| 2.78125
| 3
|
As the dust settles on the UK’s vote last week to leave the EU, it is becoming clear that the key to understanding the implications will be the terms of our new trading relationship with the EU and of any trade deals we are able to strike with other countries. What is also clear is we are likely to wait some time for the full picture to emerge. However, the general UK policy aim of holding businesses and individuals to account for corporate crime wherever it occurs may – and perhaps should – mean that we will ultimately see little change in this area.
The Brexit position will largely depend on whether the UK remains a member of the European single market. Financial institutions looking to trade into Europe will almost certainly have to continue to meet EU regulatory requirements.
Bribery and corruption
The Bribery Act is UK specific and its extraterritorial effect will be unaffected by Brexit.
The UK regime ultimately derives from international obligations commonly implemented in the EU. The UK has recently been looking to carve out a role as global leader in this area. Brexit is therefore unlikely to have significant impact.
Cross-border regulatory and criminal investigations and enforcement
EU cross-border cooperation regimes would need to be replaced with bi-lateral agreements with the EU or individual member states. The current UK/US relationships between the FCA/SEC and SFO/DoJ demonstrate that these can work very well. We expect that new arrangements would largely mirror those currently in force.
The UK would benefit from seeking to maintain a similar regime to the European Arrest Warrant, to assist with the extradition of EU nationals to the UK for prosecution.
Cybersecurity, including cybercrime, is identified as one of the government’s key national risks, and is likely to remain so for some time. Information-sharing arrangements between governmental agencies and investigatory bodies are therefore likely, to the extent necessary, to be replaced by bi-lateral or multi-lateral arrangements which mirror the current position. The government’s next 5-year cybersecurity strategy, due to be published shortly, is unlikely to be impacted by Brexit.
The UK has been a key driver of EU sanctions over recent years, and is likely to look to continue its role in international sanctions after Brexit. The EU and U.S. have both imposed sanctions in recent years which go further than those required by the United Nations Security Council. The EU and U.S. have taken slightly different approaches, and it remains to be seen whether we will see a shift in UK policy towards the U.S. approach after Brexit or whether the UK will continue to act in concert with the EU.
There are perhaps two general points to finish on. First, many commentators predict that Brexit will lead to an economic downturn. Such events, depending on their duration and severity, tend to lead to a rise in fraud and business misconduct. Second, if the UK finds itself trading more with non-EU markets, it may find more of its trade is with countries with greater corruption risk. Both points illustrate that Brexit ought not to diminish efforts to prevent and detect corporate crime from happening in your organisations.
|
<urn:uuid:05757f0a-153b-48ee-8ed1-e0160958b8fe>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=93536a96-6e4d-4137-b566-83531fa2252b
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.963961
| 632
| 1.59375
| 2
|
What we will be making:
In this tutorial, learn how to add embossing to your greeting cards
without making a large investment in special tools. Embossing, a raised
surface design, adds a subtle finishing touch that makes your handmade
card truly unique. An embossed card is bound to be appreciated for its
This greeting card tutorial builds on previous tutorials,
#1: Four Patch Cards and
#2: Matted Clip-art and Photo Cards.
If you are new to card making, review these tutorials before
starting this one.
Refer to Tutorial #1: Four Patch Cards for how to make
card blanks and envelopes.
Here's what you need:
- White card blank: 4¼″ by 5½″
- Coordinating cardstock and paper
- Scissors or craft knife
- Cardboard—cereal box or poster board
- Ruler or paper trimmer
- Craft stick or embossing tool
- White computer paper for envelopes
- Optional: Tape, paper punches, rubber stamps,
embossing templates or brasses
This tutorial is 7th of twelve
card making tutorials and is rated AVERAGE to do.
Making Embossed Greeting Cards
Read through the tutorial before starting.
- Step 1: Select Cardstock and Paper
To make the card in this tutorial, select a solid color of
cardstock and a coordinating decorative paper. The embossing
will be done on the cardstock. A sure bet is to
select cardstock and paper in the same basic color. For more dynamic
color combinations refer to the
color wheel concepts in the
Paper Weaving Card Tutorial.
Step 2: Make Embossing Template
Cut a 4" square of cardboard—cardboard from an
empty cereal box or poster board works well. Draw a 3" heart in the center of the cardboard square and
cut it out using scissors or a craft knife.
templates can also be made with a paper punch. Be sure that the cardboard
isn't too heavy to be punched.
Step 3: Cut Cardstock and Paper
Cut a 5¼" by 4" piece of decorative
paper to use as the card's background.
Cut a 3½" square from the solid color cardstock to
- Step 4: Align Template and Cardstock
Center the embossing template over the the cardstock square,
front side up. While holding firmly, flip the two over.
Tip: Hold the template and cardstock in front of a light to check
that the paper is centered on the heart.
- Step 5: Emboss Cardstock
We are doing a type of dry embossing called blind embossing.
It's called blind because the embossing template is hidden
from view. Hold the cardstock and template firmly with one hand and
the craft stick in the other hand. With a couple of fingers from the hand
holding the craft stick, gently feel for the edge of the heart.
Run the tip of the craft
stick along the edge, all the way around. Flatten the craft stick
and retrace the edge, pushing firmly to get a sharp impression.
You may first want to practice the embossing on some scrap
Tip: The cardstock can easily slip out of place. You
may want to lightly tape it to prevent slipping.
Turn the cardstock over to reveal the embossed heart. If there
are any gaps in the embossing, carefully realign the template and
repeat the embossing.
Tip: It is possible on some types of
cardstock to correct problems. Use the flat of the craft stick to
press out problems in the embossing and redo the embossing.
- Step 6: Assemble Card
Glue the decorative paper background to the card and glue the embossed cardstock
square on top. Embossing is a very subtle design element best viewed
To enhance the card for viewing across a room, add more
embellishments with colored pencils or rubber stamps.
That's it! Your card is done!
» » Keep up with Aunt Annie's Crafts on Facebook,
RSS feed, or
with our newsletter.
Share this craft project with your friends and family
|
<urn:uuid:7742b62f-8029-468f-ade7-a5d2c487eb4d>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.auntannie.com/GreetingCards/EmbossedCards/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.847964
| 904
| 2.296875
| 2
|
There are few details that need to be cleared when transferring the car title of a deceased person. The vehicle becomes a part of the estate after death of the owner. The probate court (each county has its own probate court) that deals with estate execution after death appoints an executor of the deceased owner's estate by certifying such a position in an official letter. Then the executor is able to transfer the car title to someone specified in a will. If there is no will, then the probate court will appoint a personal representative who will administer the estate, including passing the estate, such as house, vehicles and other property, to the heirs after paying out the debts of the deceased person. After taking care of the legal matters, you will then need to transfer title to the car.
- Skill level:
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Title and registration for the vehicle
- Letter certifying you as executor of the owner's estate or a personal representative of the estate
Visit your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV).
Inform the DMV agent of the situation. Present the agent with the official letter from probate court and your ID.
Request the documents for Transfer of Vehicle Ownership Title. Keep in mind that each state will have its own variation.
Fill the documents out appointing the beneficiary as the person to whom the title is being transferred to.
Pay the required fee, which varies from state to state, but is usually within the £32 limit.
Tips and warnings
- Contact your probate court for information on estate execution after the owner's death.
- Contact your attorney to get more detailed information.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for
|
<urn:uuid:f4bac7db-204f-41c4-8bef-2ad45dbe5361>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_4844240_transfer-car-title-deceased-person.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.946749
| 377
| 1.617188
| 2
|
Learn how to use IBM Web Experience Factory 8; specifically, how to create a simple Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete (CRUD) portlet and how to add a filter to the portlet, using one or two input text or combo boxes. This white paper also explains the steps to add validation rules to the portlet and to add notifications to the portlet input form. We focus on the step-by-step process and provide images for all steps.
IBM® Web Experience Factory (WEF) supercharges application development with tools and technology for creating, customizing, deploying, and maintaining portlets, widgets, and web and rich clients. This course is designed to help you develop the skills needed to create and assemble multichannel applications easily and rapidly using WEF, formerly known as WebSphere® Portlet Factory. On Day 1 of the course, you are introduced to WEF through an overview of developing multichannel applications for desktop browsers, smartphones, and tablets, and then begin using WEF to create a simple application. More in-depth, hands-on experience is offered on Day 2 of the course, during which students create a simple, data-driven application and a desktop application. On Day 3, mobile and multichannel enhancements are explored through discussion and hands-on activities.
|
<urn:uuid:7a37746a-d051-411d-9e90-c5221b0f664b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://cyberdude.blog/tag/wef/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00678.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.900638
| 268
| 1.921875
| 2
|
Lai Chau is a 1,200MW hydro power project. It is located on Da river/basin in Lai Chau, Vietnam. The project is currently active. It has been developed in single phase. The project construction commenced in 2011 and subsequently entered into commercial operation in 2015.
|Project Type||Total Capacity (MW)||Active Capacity (MW)||Pipeline Capacity (MW)||Project Status||Project Location||Project Developer||Hydropower||1,200||1,200||–||Active||Lai Chau, Vietnam||Song Da|
The project was developed by Song Da and is currently owned by Vietnam Electricity.
Lai Chau is a reservoir based project. The hydro reservoir capacity is 1,200 million cubic meter. The gross head of the project is 95m. The total number of penstocks, pipes or long channels that carry water down from the hydroelectric reservoir to the turbines inside the actual power station, are 3 in number. The project generated 4,670 GWh of electricity. The project cost is $1,500m.
The project construction commenced in 2011 and subsequently entered into commercial operation in 2015.
Lilama was selected to render EPC services for the hydro power project.
GE Renewable Energy was selected as the turbine supplier for the hydro power project. The company provided 3 units of francis turbines, each with 400MW nameplate capacity.
GE Renewable Energy supplied 3 electric generators for the project.
About Song Da
Song Da Corp (Song Da) is a construction contracting company. The company offers services such as general contracting, engineering, procurement and construction services. It is involved in underground, tunnels, rail and traffic works. Song Da specializes in the development of engineering and construction, power and electricity, housing and urban infrastructure projects. Its project comprises Parliament House, Tunnel through Ngang Pass, HH4 Mix House, Ho Chi Minh road, and Lang Trung – Hoa Lac expressway and others. The company operates with additional offices in Son La province and Gia Lai province, Vietnam. Song Da is headquartered in Hanoi, Vietnam.
All power projects included in this report are drawn from GlobalData’s Power Intelligence Center. The information regarding the project parameters is sourced through secondary information sources such as electric utilities, equipment manufacturers, developers, project proponent’s – news, deals and financial reporting, regulatory body, associations, government planning reports and publications. Wherever needed the information is further validated through primary from various stakeholders across the power value chain and professionals from leading players within the power sector.
|
<urn:uuid:ba74003b-8b1b-4d9d-8548-267d6817742f>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.power-technology.com/marketdata/lai-chau-vietnam/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00266.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929702
| 542
| 1.679688
| 2
|
Learn about our joint effort in porting the ILT engine to GPU. We also identify future areas for EDA and mask inspection tool vendors to address for ILT to be adopted at logic foundries.
Inverse lithography technology (ILT) was first implemented and demonstrated in early 2003. It was created by Danping Peng, while he worked as an engineer at Luminescent Technologies Inc., a startup company founded by professors Stanley Osher and Eli Yabonovitch from UCLA and entrepreneurs Dan Abrams and Jack Herrik.
At that time, ILT was a revolutionary solution that showed far superior process-window than conventional Manhattan mask shapes used in lithography patterning. Unlike Manhattan mask shapes that are rectilinear, ILT’s advantage lies in its curvilinear mask shapes.
Following its development, ILT was demonstrated as a viable lithography technique in actual wafer printing at several memory and logic foundries. However, technical and economic factors hindered the adoption of ILT:
- The ILT mask took an enormous amount of time to compute, >10x longer than the traditional Manhattan mask.
- It also suffered from some stitching issues at the tile boundary when ILT generated the model-based assistant features.
- The ILT mask file-size was huge (6-7x more than the conventional mask file-size) and therefore took a long time to write using a variable-shaped beam (VSB) writer.
- ASML introduced the immersion lithography scanner with better focus and dose control, and manufacturing needs could be satisfied using a traditional Manhattan mask.
Due to these reasons, ILT’s usage was largely used in memory foundries for cell-array printing and in logic foundries as hot-spot repair or used to benchmark and improve the traditional optical proximity correction (OPC).
Current state of ILT
Fast forward to 20 years later and there is a different semiconductor landscape today. The challenges in patterning feature sizes at 7nm and lower require far greater accuracy and process margin. Thus, the ability to produce curvilinear mask shapes in ILT becomes increasingly critical to overcoming these wafer production limitations.
Today’s advancement in lithographic simulation on GPU achieved speedups of over 10x more than traditional CPU computation, with machine learning (ML) providing further speedup of the ILT model by learning from existing solutions.
Multi-Beam mask writers could also write masks of any complexity in fixed time and it has been successfully used in HVM.
Finally, next-generation lithography scanners are becoming increasingly expensive, therefore extracting value and performance from existing scanners through ILT was a more appealing option.
Through GPU computing and ML, the deployment of ILT for full-chip applications is becoming a reality. It is expected to play a key role in pushing the frontiers of mask patterning and defect inspection technologies.
Overcoming ILT adoption challenges in logic and foundry production environments
To use ILT successfully in a logic foundry environment, you must address the issues that prevented its mass adoption:
- Long computation time
- Mask-rule checking specific to curvilinear OPC
- Large layout file sizes
Long computation time
ILT requires a long computation time due to the complexity of curvilinear mask shapes. Fortunately, recent progress in GPU computing performance and deep learning (DL) has significantly reduced the amount of time required to solve these complex computation algorithms.
Mask-rule checking specific to curvilinear OPC
Second, mask-rule checking (MRC) specific to curvilinear OPC must be addressed as mask shops need a method of verifying whether the incoming mask data is manufacturable. This is especially so for curvilinear mask shapes, as they are more challenging to verify than rectilinear mask shapes since simple width and space checks are no longer applicable in curvilinear masks.
To address MRC, the industry is converging to using simplified rules, such as minimal CD/Space, minimal area for holes and islands, and smoothness of mask edge (upper-bound for curvature).
Large layout file sizes
Lastly, layout file sizes generated by ILT are unacceptably large compared to conventional rectilinear shapes. The increased size represents a significantly increased cost of data generation, storage, transfer, and use in manufacturing.
To solve this, EDA vendors have proposed various solutions, and a working group was formed to work on a common file format supported by all stakeholders (EDA vendors, tool suppliers, and foundries).
GPU + DL: The ideal solution to solving ILT’s challenges using GPUs
Our close partnership with EDA vendors and NVIDIA has resulted in a home-grown ILT solution. Using the NVIDIA GPU platform, we successfully ported most of the simulation and ILT engine using NVIDIA SDKs and libraries:
- NVPR: NVIDIA Path Rendering with OpenGL Extensions
- Optix RT compute
- And more
On NVIDIA V100 32-GB GPUs, we demonstrated over 10x speedup in ILT computations as compared to our typical CPU runs. In many key components of the optical and resist modeling, we saw an over 20x speedup.
The encouraging results have led to further developments. We are currently in the process of production scale calibration and testing of key layers using our in-house ILT engine on an NVIDIA A100 80-GB GPU cluster.
Future opportunities with ILT
Advanced chip design increasingly relies on expensive simulations: from circuit performance and timing to thermal dissipation. When it comes to manufacturing, OPC/ILT requires a huge amount of computing power, which is expected to increase as we rapidly progress towards the next node.
Employing HPC with GPUs as well as the entire software stack, consistent with the observation in Huang’s Law, will be the key component to successfully rolling out future generation chips on schedule. More specifically, a unified acceleration architecture for HPC + Rendering (Computer Graphics) + ML/DL will enable better chips to be designed and manufactured, which in turn contributes to improving the speed and efficiency of mask patterning and defect detection applications.
In other words, it’s an iterative process of using GPUs to design faster and better GPUs.
To enable the rapid adoption of ILT masks in HVM, all stakeholders must participate in partnerships and collaborations.
- EDA vendors should make sure that its OPC simulation and correction engine can generate curvilinear mask designs, which conform to standard mask rules that outputs into an acceptable file size and format.
- Vendors for mask data preparation (MDP) should align their systems to process these curvilinear mask data.
- Mask inspection and review tool suppliers should upgrade their systems and algorithms to inspect, model, and detect any potential defects.
There’s no doubt that curvilinear ILT mask designs provide circuit designers with greater freedom and creativity to create circuits with better performance while enabling better process margins with greatly simplified design rules. The benefits of using curvilinear design will have a significant impact on the semiconductor industry and ILT will be the key enabler to the future development of process nodes.
|
<urn:uuid:e7b80c4d-decb-4be3-9dee-e763a82b3771>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://databloom.com/2022/05/06/accelerating-high-volume-manufacturing-for-inverse-lithography-technology/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00273.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.931421
| 1,506
| 2.625
| 3
|
The Basics Of SEO
The basics of SEO haven't changed much, yet they are still critical for your web site's success in getting ranked higher in search results. Advanced SEO tactics and strategies won't make sense until you know how to do the on-page search engine optimization.
For example...did you know that the meta title tag still carries a huge amount of weight in pages and blog posts getting ranked in search engine results? It does!
Here is a short document on the basics of content marketing, SEO and how search engines find your pages, as well as the benefits of SEO. This takes about 20 minutes to review. Once you register, this information is emailed to you.
- Content Strategy/Content Marketing (homework)
- What is SEO? (homework)
- How Search Engine discover, index and rank web content (homework)
- Benefits of SEO (homework)
Basics of SEO Course Agenda
- Discover the keyword topics your target market is using in search engines (hands on)
- Google's content guidelines
- Create content for your prospects and search engines (hands on)
- On page SEO (hands on)
- Semantic search
- Using social media and SEO
- Develop a blogging strategy for your content marketing
Here are more details about each module in the course agenda:
- Discover the keyword topics your target market is using in search engines (hands on) - we go through a few of the many keyword research tools available for use; we talk about how to organize your keyword research, and how to use the keyword phrases you discover for your content marketing strategy; we finish up with a hands-on exercise.
- Google's content guidelines - Google has refined how they define good content, and we go over their recommendations and guidelines to start you off right away with planning and creating useful, unique content that will stand a better chance of ranking higher in Google.
- Create content for your prospects and search engines (hands on) - this is a short writing exercise where we take a keyword phrase previously discovered during keyword research and create a short content piece around that phrase.
- On page SEO (hands on) - we go over each web page/blog post element that can be optimized with your chosen keyword phrase. We cover what Google wants you to do with each element, then we practice optimizing a web page or blog post.
- Semantic search - Google's algorithm now has artificial intelligence incorporated to better understand the deeper associations of primary words and their synonyms and related concepts. Semantic search refers to trying to better understand the searcher's intent when she types a query into a search engine to find information or resources. We cover how to take advantage of semantic search concepts when you are creating web content.
- Using social media and SEO - You need to be on the right social media platforms where your prospects are participating. We will go over how to optimize your social media platforms and get the most functionality out of them to increase your business.
- Develop a blogging strategy for your content marketing - the heart and soul of inbound marketing/content strategy revolves around blogging for your business vertical. We will cover why blogging is beneficial, and how it satisfies Google's content guidelines and best practices for SEO. We also cover how to jump start a content marketing strategy with blogging.
I do the SEO training face to face, with hands-on exercises to let you practice in class. I lug in my computer, projector and course materials. We have electricity and an internet connection, and we go over all of the course material.
All courses are designed to get you going right away on optimizing all the web page elements that help your site show up higher in search engine results pages (SERP - here's your first SEO acronym!).
The cost per person per day is $597.00.
Advance registration and payment is required to reserve your class.
You can register and pay by invoice by contacting Invenio SEO. We will send you an electronic invoice which you can pay either securely online via Quickbooks or by check.
Do you live in, or near one of these locations below? These are the areas where we teach SEO:
- Washington DC Metropolitan area
- Baltimore, MD
- Northern Virginia
You get three months free SEO coaching from me after you complete any training course.
Let's get started on your SEO training - contact me to set up your class!
Are you already thinking about advanced SEO training? Take a look here!
|
<urn:uuid:176d15dc-9f6e-4c2d-9373-6364a9b3a76d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://invenioseo.com/seo-basics/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00075.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.903677
| 926
| 2.359375
| 2
|
The Assistant Coach is the right-hand person to Head Coach, working daily to assist them with practices sessions, preparing for games and scouting upcoming opponents and future student athletes.
- Ensures effective teaching and instruction of specific technical skill areas to student athletes; determines appropriate instruction type that would be most beneficial to the student.
- Demonstrates the character traits of trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship; attends all practices and games; provides assistance, guidance, and safeguards for each player; provides training rules and any other unique regulations of the sport to each athlete; displays strong motivational skills.
- Ensures student athletes grades and conduct are in line with expectations; understands and abides by policies concerning injuries, medical attention, and emergencies; directs student managers, student assistants and statisticians; acts with an attitude of good sportsmanship, personal pride, and pride for school and community.
- Bachelor’s degree in Sports Leadership, Sports Management, Recreation, or other relevant field of study.
- Experience may substitute for degree.
- One year experience coaching Varsity at a high school, club coaching experience with ages 17/18 or coaching at the collegiate level along with video scouting and the breaking down of opponent videos.
Johnson County Community College (JCCC) is an Equal Employment Opportunity Employer. JCCC provides equal employment opportunities to all qualified applicants without regard to race, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, color, age, religion, protected veteran or disability status, or genetic information.
|
<urn:uuid:17f468bf-802e-41e8-ac16-06e7a51a1d4d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://jobboard.simplifaster.com/job/assistant-coach-mens-basketball-105-43/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00069.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.913532
| 322
| 1.695313
| 2
|
By international agreement, only indigenous peoples may hunt the world's remaining polar bears. In Canada, subsistence hunting permits are issued by lottery; hunters keep the meat and can earn more than $10,000 from the pelt, like this one harvested in Arviat, an Inuit village on the western shore of Hudson Bay. Tags may also be sold to non-indigenous trophy hunters. Local hunters disagree with conservationists on whether the hunt harms the already vulnerable species' numbers. Yet amid concerns that Canada might ban the trade in skins, last year hunters in the Nunavut region agreed to cut their annual quota from 60 to 45 polar bears.
At the annual Hunters and Trappers Association town hall meeting, hunters line up to draw names out of a box for the opportunity to hunt a polar bear in Arviat, Canada. Polar bear hunting in Nunavut works on a lottery tag system for eligible Inuit hunters. Ten names are randomly drawn out of a box; the chosen have 48 hours to successfully kill a polar bear—if not, their tag goes to another hunter. Listing the polar bear as a threatened species, the United States and many environmental groups have pushed for a global ban on the commercial trade of their fur, meat, and body parts. The Canadian government opposes this, on behalf of the Inuit.
Friday, October 02, 2015
1 response to "Stark Photos of the World's Last Legal Polar Bear Hunt (14 Pics)"
|
<urn:uuid:22aa7676-405f-4ff2-b3ca-b62297d39ed7>
|
CC-MAIN-2016-44
|
http://www.themysteryworld.com/2015/10/stark-photos-of-worlds-last-legal-polar.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.941813
| 299
| 3.09375
| 3
|
Contemporary Spanish and Galician Literatures and Cultures; Transatlantic Studies; Peruvian Poetry
Golden Age Drama and Poetry; Spanish, Caribbean, and South American Theatre; Intercultural Studies
19th and 20th-century Spanish-American Literature
Portuguese, Brazilian and Luso-African Literatures and Cultures, Comparative Literature, Environmental Criticism, Medical Humanities.
Medieval and Early Modern Spanish, Catalan, and Portuguese Literatures, Golden Age Drama, Latin and Greek Humanism, Medieval and Early Modern History
Translation Studies; Bilingualism; Cognition; Reading
20th-century Spanish-American Literature; Poetry and Poetics; Gender and Cultural Studies; Peruvian Literature and Culture; Heritage Language Learner Studies
Peninsular Literatures & Cultures; Catalan Studies; Iberian Studies; Intellectual History; Film Studies.
Latin American Literature, critical theory, poetry and poetics, science, technology and media studies, Venezuelan Studies.
Applied Linguistics; Second Language Acquisition; Language Teaching Methodology; Spanish in the United States; curriculum development
Phonetics/Phonology; Language Change; Translation; Basque Studies
Brazilian Literature; Comparative Literature, Portuguese Literature, Literary Criticism, Theory and Practice of Translation
|
<urn:uuid:f00abe05-1c8f-4c24-ad23-b7cb7357f85c>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.spanport.ucsb.edu/people/academic/silvia-berm%C3%BAdez
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00077.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.802092
| 265
| 2.171875
| 2
|
As the coronavirus pandemic swept the world, The New York Times Magazine asked 29 authors to write new short stories inspired by the moment — and by Giovanni Boccaccio’s “The Decameron,” which was written as a plague ravaged Florence in the 14th century. We’ve selected two for you to hear today.
These stories were written by Tommy Orange and Edwidge Danticat. They were recorded by Audm. To hear more audio stories from publishers like The New York Times, download Audm for iPhone or Android.
Alternative Bank Solution
Highly secured Crypto Trading Platform
Checkout IXFI Friendly Crypto Exchange
|
<urn:uuid:990b2a70-1708-4465-8189-101bfdba8dd4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://facembine.com/the-sunday-read-the-decameron-project/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95547
| 142
| 1.539063
| 2
|
Print Natural numbers in pyhon
Python program to get input n and print natural numbers till n.
Sample Input 1:
Sample Output 1:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Program or Solution
n=int(input("Enter n value:")) for i in range(1,n+1): print(i,end=" ")
For Statement is used to execute the sequence of instruction repeatedly.
Range() method gives list of elements, here range() method gives list which has 1,2,3... to n. for statement executes the instructions iteratively and for takes the elements one by one as value of i in sequential manner.
so it prints 1 to n.
email@example.com very easy to understand the good way
- Print Whole numbers in python
- Print ODD numbers in python
- Print Even numbers in python
- Print Natural numbers in reverse in python
- Sum of natural numbers in python
- N ODD numbers in python
- N Even numbers in python
- sum of Even numbers in python
- Sum of odd numbers in pyhton
- Sum of n numbers in python
- First digit of number in python
- First digit of number is odd or even in python
- Multiply without * operator in Python
- Multiplication Table in Python
- Multiplication Table in Python till M
- Sum of postive numbers in python
- Decimal to Binary in Python
- Binary to Decimal in python
- Factorial in Python
|
<urn:uuid:588e6c84-12c9-4d5d-9b92-553390382159>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.decodeschool.com/Python-Programming/Looping-Statements/Print-Natural-numbers-in-pyhon
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00069.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.753097
| 336
| 4.5
| 4
|
About the Program
For the last two years, the White Mountain Apache Tribe has been preparing to wage its last war on a deadly perpetrator - alcohol and drugs. Its presence kills our people, soils our land, abuses our children, numbs our culture and violates our traditions. Not one of our 12,500 members has been spared.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s support of a two-year Healthy Nations planning phase has allowed us to develop wisdom about this enemy and a community vision for victory by the next millennia. To beat this elusive foe, we must release all defenses and drop all false shields. In turn, we envision four stages of recovery unfolding to us in the form of awakening, strengthening and healing, coming together, and uniting as a Healthy Nation.
The strategy we have devised for attacking our chemical dependency is multifaceted. Many have already been set in motion as grassroots community members joined with representatives from Tribal health and human services, the IHS, the BIA, and schools to form community task forces, or cluster groups, to draft and pilot test specific battle plans. An inner planning circle was formed, including Healthy Nations staff and a community Advisory Board comprised of all cluster group leaders.
As we moved into Phase 2, to implement our plan, we see our effort expanding from circle to sphere, as programs branch into the community in four directions:
- Public Awareness: We are launching a major Healthy Nations mass media campaign called N’dee Binadesh: The People’s Vision. All reservation media outlets are being tapped -- KNNB Radio, The Fort Apache Scout newspaper, special events, and a new media resource: APACHE TV & Video Production. N’Dee Benadesh messages seek to 1) stimulate awareness and action against the major stressors that weaken our Apaches to substance-dependent lifestyles, 2) nurture a sense of Apache identity to shift negative community norms towards sober, healthy lifestyles, and 3) publicize all programs and resources in the Healthy Nations network.
- Prevention: In the schools, we are gradually phasing in a Headstart through 12th grade culturally specific prevention curriculum. We will offer students peer counseling training; a parallel training program will be implemented for teachers. In the community, we are introducing an array of recreational alternatives for youth and families, including wilderness retreats, environmental restoration projects, and classes in fitness, video production, and Apache language, arts and culture.
- Early Identification: We are designing and piloting a computerized Healthy Nations Health Information System linking all agencies with contact or input into substance-abuse related issues. Its purpose is to strengthen referrals and facilitate continuous case management over stages of early identification, treatment and aftercare. In addition, adventure-based counseling alternatives will be offered to youth identified as high-risk, combining counseling modalities with physical, social, cultural and spiritual activities.
- Treatment: A centrally located Rainbow Center for treatment is being opened, designed to accommodate a new family-based approach to recovery. Increased numbers of outreach counselors and added programs will address the needs of the whole individual, his/her workplace and home environment. Parallel community-based treatment and aftercare options are being expanded, including support groups for women, strength groups for men, and New Directions Personal Development workshops taught by Apache guides in communities across the reservation.
In the year 2000, a Healthier White Mountain Apache Nation we shall be. We honor the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation in their devotion to our vision.
back to the top
In earlier days, before white man dominated the culture, Apaches were intensely active people. Their nomadic life, hunting trips and traditional raiding parties demanded exceptional endurance, physical strength, exertion and cunning. Apache runners were legendary, and are remembered for their ability to run for over 13 hours, at a rate of more than 9 miles per hour, (Schwatka, 1974). With the acquisition of the Gadsen strip in 1853, the U.S. government took control of the lands of today’s southern Arizona and New Mexico, although Apaches continued to defend their independence for decades. Struggle ended in the 1880’s with the establishment of the Fort Apache reservation.
The ethnic breakdown of the population today is: 10,000 to 11,000 individuals are enrolled as tribal members. Membership is based on a constitutional requirement for an individual to meet the one-half (1/2) degree or more White Mountain Apache blood quantum to be enrolled. Approximately 2,500 are from other Indian tribes, primarily Navajo, and the remaining 600 residents are non-Indians employed by Indian Health Service or Bureau of Indian Affairs as health care providers, administrators, or teachers.
The population has been growing at a steady rate of almost three percent per year since 1980. Factors contributing to this increase include a significant decline in infant mortality due to health interventions introduced in the last decade, such as vaccination for the major childhood diseases and treatments for infant diarrhea that were causing pervasive death in the first year of life. In addition, the number of births per year recorded by the Whiteriver IHS Service Unit has increased approximately 61 percent over the last decade. Our current birth rate is roughly 2 1/2 times the U.S. average. Similar to the general U.S. population, the elderly population is living longer due to raised standards for sanitation and housing, better transportation and health care provision.
The White Mountain Apache Reservation is located in north central Arizona in portions of Navajo, Apache and Gila counties. It is 75 miles long and 45 miles wide, encompassing more than 1.6 million acres, with 25 fishing lakes, and at least 420 miles of river and streams.
The reservation has a wide range of topography and climate. The southwestern desert foothills with an elevation of 2,700 feet in the Salt River Canyon contrast sharply with the mountainous pine forests in the northeastern portions of the reservations, where elevations exceed 11,000 feet in the Mt. Baldy area. Whiteriver, the largest population center of the reservation and the seat of the Tribal Government, is located 35 miles southeast of Show Low, 95 miles northeast of Globe, and 190 miles northeast of Phoenix. At an elevation of 5,300 feet, Whiteriver enjoys a moderate four season climate.
The towns of Pinetop/Lakeside and Show Low are the nearest off-reservation communities from Whiteriver. Historically little social interaction existed between tribal members and off-reservation communities. Our members traveled up the hill to shop for clothing, dry goods, groceries and durable goods. Residents of Show Low and Pinetop are among the annual influx of tourists to the reservation who take advantage of the hunting, fishing, hiking or skiing area. BIA, IHS, Public School and Tribal employees who work on the reservation and live up the hill are bridging the gap between our community and theirs. Interestingly, alcohol and substance abuse support groups in both communities are serving to foster interaction. AA meetings in Show Low attract tribal members, while co-counseling sessions at St. Francis Church in Whiteriver and culturally integrative AA meetings at the Rainbow Treatment Center have begun to attract outlying community members.
back to the top
Strategy 1: Public Awareness Campaign
The campaign entailed developing, producing and coordinating a mass media campaign via submission of articles, public service radio announcements, brochures, pamphlets, etc., on the harm caused by substance abuse for the entire reservation community.
Upon completion of Phase I, the media cluster group received a grant entitled “Healthy Nations, N'dee Benadesh: the People's Vision”, primarily focusing on a mass media campaign designed, developed and produced by community members. The grant allowed the program to increase its activities, hire additional staff and focus on development of mass media campaign. Some of the productions included local radio station public service announcements on spending time with your children. Billboard signs proved to be the most effective method of sending messages to community members. Additionally, televisions were displayed at prominent locations on the reservation including the grocery store, convenience store, post office and health clinics. At these locations, individuals watched videos written and produced by staff members who are Apaches. The first round of campaigns focused on parenting and spending time with your children. The second round of the campaign was on targeting the bootlegging and drug dealing on the reservation. The final round was on prevention of drug and alcohol abuse.
The cluster groups and staff members coordinated all mass media campaigns through the local radio station KNNB, which aired the anti-drug abuse public service announcements periodically throughout the year including new years eve, graduation night, prom night, holidays and tribal holidays as well as promotion of Healthy Nations events. Sobriety checkpoints in collaboration with the Whiteriver Police department and distribution of "don't drink and drive" flyers were handed out at the drive through window at the local liquor store located on the reservation. The youth cluster public service announcement that promotes a substance free lifestyle was aired throughout the year. The Shi'Kii' Apache Relatives Project distributed positive parenting educational material in the community. The tobacco prevention education project distributed educational material in the community. An educational booth was set up at the fair to target youth on anti-drug abuse messages, and over 30,000 people during the fair visited the booth. The Men's cluster designed and produced a brochure entitled “Apache Brotherhood” and used its content during presentations in the school and community.
Staff conducted the public awareness campaign through forty-four weekly adult shows and forty-four teen talk shows for a total of eighty-eight shows each year of the six years. Guest hosts of the show included the Rainbow Center, Healthy Nation's staff and cluster group members, the tobacco prevention education program, the Behavioral Health Center, Social Services and Tribal Health Authority programs. The talk shows provided an avenue to educate, bring awareness and update community members on all Healthy Nations events. Often times, the radio station did live remote broadcasts for events including the conferences and workshops. The Radio Talk show for youth and adults was a success due to reaching a wide variety of individuals. Adults talked about listening to the Youth talk show that featured local students and their own show. The open dialogue between the participants and guest created and nurtured the need to establish lines of communication with community people in the area of substance abuse awareness. The adult show provided numerous opportunities for local community members to express their concerns and views on a variety of topics.
Staff produced seventeen bi-monthly youth page in the Fort Apache Scout for three years, for a total of sixty pages. Each page typically contained information on substance abuse issues, self- esteem building and other positive pertinent information on Apache youth and their views on drugs and alcohol abuse on the reservation. Staff produced nine monthly newsletters to promote monthly themes. Each newsletter contained eight pages focusing on the themes of Healthy Nations, wellness issues, upcoming events, activity reports and facts on substance abuse. The newsletter had a circulation of 1000 each month and was distributed to the outlying communities, tribal programs and local schools.
Healthy Nations logo was designed during phase I and used during the life of the program. The materials designed, coordinated and implemented for use with the public awareness campaign featured the logo. The materials were an integral component in success of the awareness campaign.
The Healthy Nations program was visible at many community functions including health fairs, youth events, tournaments and conferences. A display was designed that featured the logo, photos, and newspaper articles related to the program, and was set up at various community events. The staff participated in the Tribal Fair & Rodeo exhibit booth for six years, with visitors to the booth exceeding 50,000 each year. Drug free youth party for parents and youth was sponsored, as well as an elderly get together to honor elders in the community. An outdoor horseshoe tournament for men was also sponsored.
back to the top
Strategy 2: Community-Wide Prevention
The prevention aspect of the grant entailed a wide variety of projects and programs by staff and cluster groups targeting community members.
With assistance of community and cluster members, seven men's conferences were held in Whiteriver, ten women's conferences in Whiteriver and two in Cibecue, six youth conferences in Whiteriver, and four parenting conferences in Whiteriver. An average of 1000 participants attended each conference annually.
Staff and cluster groups provided substance abuse prevention education, by means of cluster members speaking to the audience, by showing videos on alcohol/drug abuse and other educational material, at the nine schools and seventeen outlying communities for a total of forty educational sessions. The target population was youth and young adults, and service providers.
The Men's Cluster Group actively conducted presentations to Elementary, Middle and High School students at local reservation schools on an annual basis, with over 150 presentations completed and over 6,000 students and community members.
Topics covered the importance of being substance-free, the importance of education, and being proud to be a drug free Apache. Presentations were given at Whiteriver Elementary, Cradleboard Elementary, Seven Mile Elementary, Whiteriver Middle school, East Fork High School, John F. Kennedy school and AHS. The men who participated were college graduates, fathers, single fathers, and tribal employees, among others.
The Natural Helpers Peer Counseling and training Retreat was conducted for a combination of middle school and high school age youth for a total of 150 youth and twenty adults sponsors or volunteers. Upon completion of the training, students were able to provide one-on-one help in identifying assistance in the community and schools.
Twelve cluster groups provided monthly forums on substance abuse prevention and education for two hundred community members at community meetings or centers annually. Each cluster group was given the opportunity to address a topic specific to their group.For example, the men's group concentrated on pertinent issues such as the historical and contemporary role of the Apache men in the family, history of Apache Warriors, and the role of Apache adolescent males in the community, both historical and present. Eventually, the men’s cluster group forums continued through the entire grant period due to its popularity in the community and demand by the schools.
The cluster groups provided community and school presentations, for one to two hours, two times a month, for nine months, to promote a drug-free lifestyle, each year. Annually, forty-three presentations were completed at various schools and events held in the community including Whiteriver middle school, Whiteriver elementary school, Cradleboard, and Whiteriver Skill Center's GED program with over 1500 individuals. Other presentations provided focused on the importance of maintaining a drug-free environment by setting goals, and coming together as a community to work together to attain them.
The Parenting cluster group was identified as a potential grantee for a program in latter part of Phase 1. A submission of a grant entitled “Shi'kii' Apache Relatives" was awarded to the Parent Cluster. Staff was hired to oversee the development and growth of parenting classes on the reservation. Parent cluster groups conducted four ten-week parenting training sessions at six locations on the reservation for young parents, parents of adolescents, and court ordered parents. The Shi'kii' Apache Relatives Project through the Parent Cluster has managed the Nurturing Classes being held weekly in the communities of Whiteriver, Cibecue, and McNary, reaching individuals in high numbers. Additionally, ropes course sessions conducted for parenting classes involving intense hands-on training focusing on trust, communication, and cooperation, and how they apply to parenting skills. During the latter part of the grant period, the Social Services program of the Tribe agreed to manage and direct the program.
During the early part of the program, positive alternatives to drug and alcohol abuse was reviewed. One successful program was the overnight whitewater rafting for ten individuals ages twelve to thirty years of age. The groups went on field trips to the Salt River for white water rafting, spent the night along the river and continued their journey. At each trip, an elder and adults entertained and provided therapeutic sessions. Many of the youth were identified as high risk by local schools and behavioral health center.
The overnight campouts at the ropes course was integral part of reaching troubled youth. The campout included ropes course elements and initiatives, night games, campfire activities, and a hike to Blue Lake. Each session focused on healthy outdoor activities, teamwork, and abstinence from drugs and alcobol for close to two hundred participants.
A very popular and demanding program was an intensive ropes course for local schools and community members focusing on youth from ages nine to eighteen. An average of fifteen participants attended each session for a total of 10,000 participants during the life of the ropes course. Designed to provide opportunities for hands-on learning, overcome challenges and fears, learn teamwork and focus on inner strengths, the ropes course has been a valuable asset to the program.
During the winter months. due to requests for training for both school staff and students, an indoor ropes course presentation of alternatives to substance abuse was designed and implemented in the nine schools. These sessions included indoor therapeutic hands-on experiences and initiatives featuring the ropes course. The Ropes Course indoor activities concentrated on physical wellness, team building and giving the child a sense of accomplishments in certain games or elements. Approximately, two thousand community members participated in these indoor activities.
Environmental half day hikes were conducted with five hundred youth, both female and male, age ten to fourteen in each group, to discover and learn about native plants, the importance of maintaining a healthy ecosystem and a healthy lifestyle. The youth were selected based on personal interest by signing up or by referral systems at the schools or courts. The hikes proved to be beneficial for youth who otherwise would not have had an opportunity to explore the outdoors and participate in therapeutic sessions.
The Tribal Council, Whiteriver School District, 21st Century Afterschool Program, Johns Hopkins University, Tribal Health Authority and Healthy Nations sponsored the “Native Visions” sports camp which brought over 700 people, youth and parents, to Whiteriver. The educational program, both athletic and academic from professors and professional athletes, aimed at increasing a diverse experience and challenged youth in sports.
The Adventures team provided hundreds of sessions of outdoor training for thousands of tribal members, focusing on the facilitation of team-building activities in an outdoor setting and applying education in alcohol and drug prevention with all group sessions.
back to the top
Strategy 3: Early Identification, Intervention and Referral
The goal of intervention and early identification efforts included a wide variety of clientele from court ordered parents, juvenile offenders, service providers and adult members of the community.
Parent Trainers conducted ten weekly parenting education sessions per referral to twelve first time offenders. 348 parents participated during this project. The tribal court referred parents for neglect, child abuse or battery. The parenting education sessions focused on healthy family structure including cultural values in child-rearing and family unity.
Training was conducted with presentations on substance abuse and early identification for service providers and community members. The speakers targeted service providers that work directly with alcoholic clients or children affected by alcoholism or drug abuse. The presentations have been provided to the Whiteriver Police Department, Social Services, Health Authority Programs, Headstart, Hon Dab Casino, Museum, Tourism office, School District personnel, Alchesay High School, Northland Pioneer College, and the Rainbow Center with over six hundred participants.
Staff conducted early identification and intervention training, with the primary focus on various illegaJ drugs and its effect on body, mind, and spirit, and specifically targeting parents who gained knowledge on identifying early on the use and abuse of drugs. The drug paraphernalia as often used by youth and young adults provided insight to parents who were unaware. Parents and staff participated when the Healthy Nations made use of the DWEYE goggles at the session for Whiteriver Police Department. Topics included levels of intoxication, self esteem problems related to substance abuse, labeling, sensitivity and follow up procedures when making referrals. The response from the officers was overwhelming. They informed our staff that they were able to understand why offenders behave the way they do and they were able to learn new ways in dealing with them. Upon completion of the Walk Against Drug dealers and bootleggers, the local school showed a reduction in juvenile and liquor violations. The Tribal Council and government have taken a strong stand against drug and alcohol abuse and supported prevention education in the community .The community were exposed to positive alternatives to drug and alcohol abuse in the community causing change of attitudes and behaviors.
Conducted training to one of the largest employers on the reservation to identify problems associated with substance users and to educate these employers about the referral process to the Rainbow Center or other treatment facilities. Two parent advisory committee meetings at Cradleboard Elementary and at Whiteriver Middle School benefited from the substance abuse awareness presentations held at each school. Another presentation was completed with Rainbow Center, Healthy Nations and Health Authority sponsoring the event, with 100 participants attending.
back to the top
Strategy 4: Substance Abuse Treatment and Relapse Prevention
The goal of treatment/aftercare included both inpatient and outpatient adults at Rainbow Center, referral to off reservation sites and field trips.
The Healthy Nations staff members provided support by allocating airtime during the Healthy Nations talk show twice monthly to recruit adults for treatment. The staff designed, developed and produced educational material for use by Rainbow Center staff. The talk shows supplemented the Whiteriver Rainbow Center’s treatment and aftercare program by educating the community about substance abuse programs at Rainbow Treatment Center. Adolescent referrals for in-patient treatment to outside treatment centers each year proved to be a necessity for some who are at high risk. These programs will be sustained beyond the Healthy Nations funding.
Healthy Nations sponsored local church members to participate in weekly alcohol education classes in Whiteriver and Cibecue. Additionally, all Healthy Nations events or projects included staff members and in-patients of the Rainbow Treatment Center as participants or coordinators, such as Healthy Relationship workshops, community conferences or field trips. Many individuals and families have benefited from these sessions.
Ropes course sessions were an integral part of the client recovery program at the Whiteriver Rainbow Center. At each session, there has been tremendous response from clients who are dependent on drugs or alcohol. These clients have had low self-esteem and little confidence, and by participating in the ropes course, they gain confidence and take pride in their accomplishments. Over five hundred individuals participated during this program.
Alternative activities such as beading, cradleboard making, burden basketmaking, bow and arrow making or other cultural arts, were provided for recovering men or women in conjunction with formal alcohol treatment outpatient program at the Rainbow Center.
All clients of the Whiteriver Rainbow Center participated in the annual field trips, which incorporated the cultural aspects including recognizing the significance of beads left on Mt. Baldy, the correct and proper ways of traversing upon sacred Apache sites, what materials are necessary in the making of Apache cultural items, the types of plants necessary for the making of burden baskets, and hands-on demonstrations about making these items. The Rainbow Center has incorporated this objective into their weekly alcohol education classes held in Whiteriver and Cibecue, as well as evening activities.
Healthy Nations sponsored field trips each year to sacred locations on the White Mountain Apache Reservation. Mt. Baldy, which is one of our sacred mountains on the reservation, was one of these trips. The sacred Salt Banks located in the Salt River Canyon and Pumpkin Lake field trip were significant events for individuals who visited these places for the first time in their lives.
Ongoing weekly AA Meetings are held at various locations on the White Mountain Apache Reservation in Whiteriver and Cibecue. Daily sessions are held at the Whiteriver Rainbow Center as well as three evening sessions that also included a Narcotics Anonymous group. Community members were invited to speak on their personal sobriety journey at these sessions.
All clients of the Rainbow Center participated in a majority of the events sponsored by Healthy Nations including field trips, conferences, workshops, cultural activities, health fairs, and youth alternative activities.
Many, many people have been touched by Healthy Nations in its entirety. The personal stories of hundreds and hundreds of people cannot be written. They have stories to tell about their personal experience: in the wilderness with the rafting trips; sharing stories at women’s support groups and conferences; leaming about drug and alcohol abuse at training sessions that enable them to do their work more effectively; how basketball is teaching them a new level of the game - both on and off the court; what a boost in confidence they have as a result of riding the zip line at the ropes course; walking against drug-dealers and bootleggers with young and old alike; speaking on the radio; hearing public service announcements on the radio in their native language; learning about their culture; words and feelings that cannot describe individuals who are empowered to make change in their life.
The commitment and dedication of funds, staff support, administrative support has gone above and beyond its expectations. Change is inevitable. How a community deals and reacts to change determines its outcome. We are once again faced with a high rate of suicide, and the same problems remain, but our community has grown, learned and fostered itself to bring on healthy change. We are optimistic about the future of our people. Because of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the direction and guidance of the National Program Office, we are facing a promising and hopeful future.
back to the top
White Mountain Apache Tribe of the Fort Apache Indian Reservation
back to the top
|
<urn:uuid:38abbaa3-18ba-496a-a6db-3df596463067>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.ucdenver.edu/academics/colleges/PublicHealth/research/centers/CAIANH/hni/Pages/white_mountains.aspx
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957191
| 5,256
| 2.46875
| 2
|
Afraid of God
Listen to Audio (right click to save)
Scotty had been begging his dad to play hide-and-seek with him for a couple of hours. Finally, Dad finished what he was doing and jumped into the game. He said, "Scotty, you count to 50 while I hide somewhere in the house." It took the little guy a while to count to that big number, but he finally got there. He began right there in the living room, looking behind all the curtains and the big furniture. No daddy. He looked in the dining room, the bathroom, the closets, the kitchen. No daddy. Which meant his father was hiding upstairs. Scotty was disappointed after he looked in the guest bedroom, the bathroom, and the master bedroom upstairs. Still no daddy. He knew there was only one place left to look; that big, dark closet in the master bedroom. Apprehensively, he slowly opened the door to that long old closet with the light switch he couldn't reach. He looked to the right. No daddy. He looked to the left, RRRRRRRRRRRRRR! Suddenly, there was a big grizzly bear, growling and coming at him. He ran as fast as his little legs would go; out of the bedroom, down the stairs, all the way through the downstairs until he was stopped by the locked door of the kitchen. That's when the growling bear caught him, grabbed him in his paws and hugged him! This was no bear trying to hurt him. This was his Daddy wanting to hold him.
So many people have made the same mistake Scotty made...about God, that is. They think He's a bear who wants to hurt them. When, in fact, He's a Father who wants to hold them. It may be that some wrong ideas about what God's like have kept you from ever experiencing His awesome love. Like that little boy, you've been running from a Father who just wants to love you.
Maybe you've got what God is like confused with what your father was like. Jesus said when we talk to God to call Him "Father." But for you, that word may bring memories of someone who hurt you, who betrayed you, who wasn't there for you, who you were never good enough for. But God isn't like that father. He's the Father we all wished we had: fair, trustworthy, loving, approachable, able to fix things for you, always there for you. How do we know what He's like? That's where Jesus comes in. We know Jesus was all of those things, and He said, "Anyone who has seen Me has seen the Father" (John 14:9).
Or maybe your religious background has made you feel like God is a bear to run from. The God they told you about seemed full of anger and condemnation. This was a God to fear, not to get close to. Here's what God Himself says about what He's like in our word for today from the Word of God in 1 John 4, beginning with verse 18. "There is no fear in love. But perfect love drives out fear...This is how God showed His love among us...He loved us and sent His Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins."
That's the God you were made by. That's the God you were made for. A God who wants to love you, not hurt you; whose love drives out the fear. Whose love for you is so massive that He desperately did not want to lose you. So He gave His one and only Son to come here and die on a cross to remove the sin that made it impossible for you to get to Him or to go to heaven and be with Him forever. All of God's anger against human sin was taken by Jesus on the cross. But Jesus didn't stay dead. He blasted out of His grave and proved that He can deliver the eternal life He promised. You can tell how much God loves you by how much He spent on you. He spent His Son for you.
And today, this Father you were made for is pursuing you. That's the tug you feel in your heart. That's Him. You've lived long enough without this love. You don't have to live another day without Him. This can be the day that you reach out to Jesus and tell Him, "Jesus, I'm not running anymore. I want to welcome You into my life because only You can forgive my sins and give me the relationship I was made for. I'm Yours, Jesus."
One thing that could help you be sure you belong to Him might be the information that I've put on our website. It's helped a lot of other people at a time like this. Would you just visit us at yoursforlife.net, or I'll send you my booklet Yours For Life. You can call and ask for it toll-free at 877-741-1200.
You've run from Him long enough. This is your day to run to Him. He'll love you like you've never been loved. And He'll never let you go.
Distributed by Ron Hutchcraft Ministries, Inc.
|
<urn:uuid:66232a9d-8aff-4607-99b6-24a5ec0480e8>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.crosswalk.com/devotionals/a-word-with-you/a-word-with-you-dec-29-2010-11643334.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00009-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.98911
| 1,074
| 1.53125
| 2
|
The Subtlety of Early Modern Microscopic Records: Tillmann Taape on Distillation, Materiality, and the Body in Sixteenth-Century Germany
Stefan Hanß: Dr Tillmann Taape is one of the few historians who have a combined background in humanities and the sciences. He did his undergraduate degree in molecular biology and genetics at the University of Cambridge before venturing into the field of the history and philosophy of science. In 2017, Tillmann Taape finished his PhD on the sixteenth-century German surgeon and apothecary Hieronymus Brunschwig at the University of Cambridge. Currently, he is a postdoctoral research member at Professor Pamela H. Smith’s Making and Knowing Project at the Center for Science and Society at Columbia University, New York. Tillmann Taape was involved in preparing a masterclass, run by The Making and Knowing research team, which will be part of the upcoming British Academy event Microscopic Records: The New Interdisciplinarity of Early Modern Studies, c.1400–1800. In this blog entry, he speaks about the role of microscopic records in his own research on early modern craft knowledge and medicine in general, and on the relationship between distillation, small-scale materiality, and the body in particular.
Tillmann Taape: Human beings have a knack for understanding and manipulating the material world in which they live, down to the smallest conceivable entity. In the early modern period, the traditional way of knowing nature was through ancient texts: what does Aristotle say about the primary components of matter? How can Galen and Dioscorides help us understand the medicinal properties of plants and how they will act on the body? Far from libraries and universities, however, natural experts of a different sort cultivated equally sophisticated understandings of matter not through texts, but through their daily, physical engagement with materials and processes. Early modern cities were bustling with craftspeople who knew their stuff inside out. Some of them—surgeons, apothecaries, executioners, and other “artisans of the body”—were intimately familiar with the human body and the sorts of materials that could harm or cure. Those who made and administered medicines naturally had a particular interest in managing the invisible and intangible material entities that constituted the healing properties of plant and animal matter.
One such expert was Hieronymus Brunschwig (c.1450–c.1530), a surgeon-apothecary from Strasbourg, which was then a German city. Brunschwig was no university-educated scholar, but an experienced craftsman with a busy medical practice. Nevertheless, he was an avid reader—and, eventually, an author—of medical texts. In his Small Book of Distillation, published in German in 1500 and the first-ever printed book on the topic, he makes clear that distillation was a key technology that allowed one to “separate the subtle from the coarse, and the coarse from the subtle” (fig. 1).
Fig. 1: An early-sixteenth century depiction of distillation. Image credit: Hieronymus Brunschwig, Liber de arte distillandi (1512), fol. 39v, Wellcome Collection, London, https://wellcomecollection.org/works/pqr98ybs. Public Domain Mark.
SH: Why was it so important to extract this “subtle” matter or “soul”, which contained the plant’s healing power, from its “coarse” material elements? What does this tell us about early modern ideas of the animate nature of small-scale environmental materiality?
TT: Brunschwig’s explanation refers to the mechanics of medicines passing through the body. Through distillation, he explains, “the virtue in its soul is drawn out from each thing, the better to send it to the place where it may bring greater benefit and healing”—in other words, the purified matter of the plant’s healing virtue is so fine or “subtle” that it easily penetrates the body. He even suggests that it directs itself to the place where it is needed of its own accord—very handy for Brunschwig’s intended audience of household carers and medical self-helpers who likely had little or no formal medical training. The isolation of a herb’s healing virtue—what we might now call the active ingredient—had the further advantage that one did not have to ingest the whole plant with its “coarse” matter. While the “soul” of natural matter whizzed through the body unimpeded and without causing harm, its bulkier “body” could wreak havoc on the way: these coarse “material parts,” Brunschwig writes, “get stuck in various parts of the human body, such as the stomach, liver or intestines, constricting and abrading them, or making them soft and weak.” Other methods of preparation such as a well-strained herbal tea might eliminate some of the problematic chunks of matter. However, this is not good enough for Brunschwig, because “one must still worry that the substance remains mingled in it”—even the slightest tint of the liquid is a sign that the substance of the “body” is still present. Only distillation, Brunschwig claims, can purify and refine the curative material entity to such a degree of subtlety that it passes harmlessly through the body to do its healing work.
SH: Brunschwig’s understanding of and experiments with distillation tell us a lot about early modern notions of agentive small-scale materialities and their relationship with the body.
TT: Brunschwig’s careful thinking about subtle matter, complete with detailed technical instructions, speaks to early modern understandings of the material world, the human body, and the material relationship between the two. His ideas about producing highly subtle material entities were influenced by a fourteenth-century alchemical writer named John of Rupescissa, who believed that repeated distillation could yield a substance so far refined that he saw fit to call it the “quintessence” or “fifth element,” suggesting that it transcended the four elements that made up all earthly matter. By discussing the effect of medicines in terms of their passage through the body, Brunschwig also engaged with medical discourse of his day. The idea that sickness and health were first and foremost a question of liquids and their movements goes back to ancient Hippocratic texts, but in the sixteenth century, this view of diseases in terms of “fluxes” became increasingly popular with laypeople, while many learned physicians favoured a more static view of the body and attributed its malfunctions to general imbalances of the four humours. Thus, Brunschwig’s seemingly somewhat niche concern with subtle, elusive materialities can in fact tell us a lot about early modern conceptions of the material cosmos and the place of the human body within it.
Cavallo, Sandra, Artisans of the Body in Early Modern Italy: Identities, Families and Masculinities (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007).
Rublack, Ulinka, ‘Fluxes: The Early Modern Body and the Emotions,’ History Workshop Journal 53, no.1 (2002): 1–16.
Taape, Tillmann, ‘Distilling Reliable Remedies: Hieronymus Brunschwig’s Liber de arte distillandi (1500) Between Alchemical Learning and Craft Practice,’ Ambix 61, no. 3 (2014): 236–256.
Taape, Tillmann, “The Body and the Senses in Ms. Fr. 640: Towards a ‘Material Sensorium,’” in Secrets of Craft and Nature in Renaissance France. A Digital Critical Edition and English Translation of BnF Ms. Fr. 640, ed. Making and Knowing Project, et al. (New York: Making and Knowing Project, 2020), https://edition640.makingandknowing.org/#/essays/ann_302_ie_19.
Tillmann Taape, Columbia University
Stefan Hanß, The University of Manchester
|
<urn:uuid:b6d11269-edc9-406f-89ee-2f0e4ff477d4>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/microscopic-records/2020/06/03/the-subtlety-of-early-modern-microscopic-records-tillmann-taape-on-distillation-materiality-and-the-body-in-sixteenth-century-germany/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00476.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936099
| 1,743
| 2.265625
| 2
|
Israel has recently become attractive for many tourists because of its thriving medical tourism. They visit the country seeking medical treatment there for which they are willing to pay quite large sums of money. However, the local people have been losing out because of that.
The Israeli medical tourism industry is not really taking the 'first come, first served' route. Instead it is going through the 'he who pays more, wins' period. Admittedly, this is hardly unique to Israeli business, yet is becoming more noticeable and is beginning to bother local citizens. 30,000 tourists come to Israel on a yearly basis to make use of the medical treatment, which are either not available or too expensive in their own countries. Most of them come from countries of the former Soviet Union.
It all sounds like great news. The Russians, in particular, are famous for being very generous when it comes to money and are happy to pay over the odds for things and services as long as they are available. However, Israel’s oldest newspaper, Haaretz, has pointed out some problems with the situation and clearly wishes to emphasize that, although revenue is obviously welcome, charity should begin at home.
Due to the high spending, medical tourists are getting privileges, which Israelis can only dream of. Tourists are then able to choose their own doctors, their own rooms and wish basically almost anything and it is granted. They do not even necessarily have to be paying a lot more than the average Israeli taxpayer since there is now simply an attitude that these tourists deserve special treatment.
|
<urn:uuid:9acb685b-254f-48cf-a07d-29e17545f687>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.tourism-review.com/israeli-medical-tourism-on-the-up-locals-lose-out-news2507
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00468.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.982877
| 311
| 1.710938
| 2
|
The Greater Accra Regional Director of the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), Lucille Hewlett Annan, has stated that political parties have a crucial role to play in forging national cohesion, peace and security.
She said there was the need to reinforce the role of political parties as key stakeholders for ensuring peace, unity and security in the country.
Mrs Annan stated at an Inter-Party Dialogue Committee Meeting at the La –Nkwantanang Madina Municipal Assembly (LaNMMA) in Accra on Tuesday.
The programme, organised by the NCCE and supported by the European Union (EU), was aimed at educating and sensitising political parties and stakeholders on the importance of national unity, peace and cohesion.
Mrs Annan observed that the programme was to address threats to the nation’s internal security and national cohesion emanating from local socioeconomic and cultural differences, unemployment and religious tensions.
“Recently there have been acts of terrorism and succession in our country and it is the duty of the Commission to educate and sensitise the citizenry to know their rights and responsibilities and cases of violent extremism has been recorded in neighbouring countries, which calls for vigilance, peace and unity to be able to deal with any such issue in the country.
“Countries which enjoyed peace and development have plunged into war because of election-related violence and misunderstandings and this is to create awareness for people to eschew all forms of violence since we have seen what violence has done to other countries,” she added.
Mrs Annan stressed on the need to deepen the existing collaboration between the Commission, political parties, the youth, security agencies, assemblies, traditional authorities, civil societies and community leaders towards ensuring peace and unity nationwide.
The Madina District Police Commander, Superintendent of Police, Godfred Ferdinand Amengor, educated the participants on the Public Order Act and urged them not to hold any special event without the notice of the police.
He entreated the participants to collaborate with the police to promote peace and harmony and implored them to learn to resolve issues outside the courts, especially through mediation, arbitration and Alternative Dispute Resolution.
Political parties representatives present at the meeting pledged their support and promised to relay the information to their respective parties to ensure peace in the country.
|
<urn:uuid:24c39fea-7d0d-4d63-a883-6e477108f115>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/ncce-political-parties-must-play-role-in-forging-natl-cohesion/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.955469
| 466
| 1.820313
| 2
|
Sustainability policy of Coats, the major manufacture of sewing thread in the world, and what they expect of ECOPET®
Coats, which is one of the world’s major three manufactures of sewing thread in the world, is sharing their business in 50 countries from UK, and trying to create a new business like optical fibers and carbon products.
The company is also trying to act passionately for SDGs. They have changed virgin polyester to the recycled polyester, ECOPET®, since 2020.
We interviewed Sonya Manolova, the product director of Coats, about their sustainability policy, the reason why they select ECOPET® and their future perspective.
－ What is Coats sustainability policy?
Coats centers it’s sustainability strategy on a materiality assessment of the major sustainability issues facing our business and our principal stakeholders (our people, our customers, our shareholders, the environment, our communities, and our suppliers). We update this assessment every two years and fine tune our strategy based on that. At the moment, we have 5 pillars to our strategy that between them cover all of the top issues that come from the materiality assessment. These pillars are Water, Energy, Effluent, Social and Materials. For each of these pillars we have at least one public target and we have a lot of internal programs and targets that are underway in each pillar. We are participants of the United Nations Global Compact and have a special focus on supporting the delivery of 7 Sustainable Development Goals that are most relevant to our business. We have committed to Science Based Targets for short term emissions reduction and are currently working on our plans to achieve Net Zero by 2050. Reducing the emissions impact in the raw materials that we use will be a key part in achieving both our short-term emissions targets to 2030 and our longer-term Net Zero target.
－ When Coats started to pay attention to environment issues? What was trigger?
Coats has always had a close focus on the environmental issues related to our business. For many years we applied a global effluent standard to our operations that was normally much tighter than local regulatory standards and minimizing our use of scarce resources has always been seen as being good business practice as well as being more sustainable. The increased focus on climate issues and on making our raw materials more sustainable have both been growing for the last 5 or 6 years as the scale of the climate crisis became more apparent and the impact of the textile industry’s growing reliance on virgin oil-based materials became more unsustainable.
－ You have sustainability strategy for each areas like water、energy. How is current situation of achievement goals by 2022?
Our sustainability targets for 2022 were always going to be very challenging, and the impact of the pandemic, especially in 2020, meant that a lot of the plans we had were delayed a year. Nevertheless, by increasing our focus in 2021 we have recovered a lot of that lost ground and are going into 2022 with a high degree of commitment to deliver on all our targets. In the case of two targets, that for energy intensity reduction and Great Place to Work certification we have essentially delivered on our 2022 target a year early. In the case of water intensity reduction, effluent compliance, and waste reduction we still have a lot of work to do in 2022 but we are confident that we will be able to deliver on these. Our target for conversion to recycled polyester is for 2024 and at the end of 2021 we have made good progress with 19% of our premium products being from entirely recycled material.
－ When and Why Coats started to use Teijin’s recycled polyester, ECOPET®?
We started to use Teijin Recycled Polyester since Q1 2020. Teijin is our long-term partner for Polyester supply. As Coats is moving toward Recycled Polyester, we asked Teijin to develop Recycled filaments for Coats.
－ What is the best part of ECOPET®?
We are happy with ECOPET® quality, performance, and delivery.
－ Are there any demands for ECOPET® from employee or customer? How is reputation for ECOPET®?
Teijin‘s recycled filament can meet Coats quality requirement and we will continue to develop more dtex/counts to meet Coats Sustainability Target. Our brand customers are all very committed to converting to recycled materials and it is important that we can accompany them on this journey without compromising product quality.
－ What Coats expects on ECOPET for future?
We hope that Teijin can continue innovate and continue to bring new recycled technology to the market. We consider that the next major breath through should be through the chemical recycling of textile waste back into new fibers so that our industry can adopt a circular material model. Coats is committed to using no new oil-based materials by 2030.
|
<urn:uuid:ba200975-dc0a-4e1b-a846-4d96b51e132a>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://ecopet.info/en/interview-en/1232/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00074.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.962689
| 1,021
| 1.867188
| 2
|
ALBANY — The Crossroads of the World is among the “sensitive places” where guns could be banned as lawmakers seek to strengthen New York’s gun laws in response to a U.S. Supreme Court ruling overturning a century-old concealed carry law.
New York’s Democrat-controlled Legislature is poised Friday to approve sweeping new firearm restrictions that would bar carrying concealed weapons in a host of places including Times Square as well as subways, buses, government buildings, houses of worship, schools, libraries, playgrounds, parks and zoos, homeless shelters and polling places.
Gov. Hochul called the Legislature back to Albany for an “extraordinary session” on Thursday to respond to last week’s U.S. Supreme Court ruling striking down a longstanding law limiting who can carry a concealed handgun in public.
The statute required gun owners to demonstrate “proper cause” to get a license to carry a handgun in public, which the conservative majority on the court determined to be unconstitutional.
Under the new legislation released by the governor’s office around 3 a.m., guns will be barred from “sensitive places” such as Times Square and mass transit and firearms will not be allowed in private businesses unless owners explicitly state that they welcome firearms on their property.
Businesses will have to post a sign indicating that armed patrons are welcome.
Sen. Brad Hoylman (D-Manhattan) applauded the expanded list of locations as the bill was being debated in the Senate chamber.
“I’m grateful to my colleagues for responding to my concerns about Times Square, one of the most visited tourist sites on the planet, by specifically listing it as a sensitive location where concealed weapons will not be permitted,” he said. “It’s crucial to the recovery of our local economy, including Broadway, that Times Square be a gun-free zone and that its 50 million annual visitors feel safe from the dangers of gun violence.”
The bill will also overhaul the state’s permitting process by requiring applicants to undergo 15 hours of in-person training at a firing range and an in-person interview. They must also provide their social media accounts and contact information for household members.
Licenses will have to be renewed after three years and an appeals process will be set up.
The bill would also tweak a recently passed law that barred sales of bulletproof vests but didn’t cover the type of armor worn by an 18-year-old man accused of killing 10 Black shoppers at a Buffalo supermarket in May.
The measure was approved by the Senate in a 43-20 party line vote.
Still, what was meant to be a one-day “extraordinary session” seemed poised to stretch into Saturday as the Assembly had yet to begin debating the measures as of 2 p.m.
“We’re in response mode with regards to the Supreme Court decision,” Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie (D-Bronx) told reporters at the Capitol. “As frustrating as it may be, Democrats feel like we’re doing the right thing to protect New Yorkers.”
Heastie said the gun bill, as well as a constitutional amendment protecting abortion and LGBTQ rights, would both pass the chamber before lawmakers head home for the July 4 holiday weekend.
Republicans pushed back on the new regulations, railing against the fact that the bill was released in the middle of the night and arguing it goes far beyond just addressing concealed carry permits.
“This is more unconstitutional than what was just struck down.” Sen. Andrew Lanza (R-Staten Island) said during the floor debate.
|
<urn:uuid:f64c2a82-0be0-48f6-81c1-edcdf1811fe9>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://consumersadvisory.com/n-y-lawmakers-push-back-on-scotus-ruling-on-concealed-weapons-by-barring-guns-in-sensitive-places/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00273.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.957682
| 767
| 1.59375
| 2
|
Billionaire Launches Startup to Reprogram Human Gene Expression
Billionaire Coinbase founder Brian Armstrong has launched a new “epigenetic reprogramming” company, called NewLimit, with the goal of greatly extending the human lifespan.
Armstrong is collaborating with Blake Byers, a Silicon Valley entrepreneur with a Stanford PhD in bioengineering, to stop aging in its tracks.
“NewLimit will start by deeply interrogating epigenetic drivers of aging and developing products that can regenerate tissues to treat specific patient populations,” reads a press release.
The company says it will use machine learning models — what else — to understand how human cells change with age. NewLimit will “finally develop therapies that could slow, halt, or reverse this process,” an “incredibly ambitious” task.
Reversing the aging process has been a Holy Grail for scientists, although despite decades of research, we have yet to find the fountain of youth. But that’s why NewLimit is willing “to get started today” despite its mission possibly taking “decades to achieve.”
It’s yet another instance of billionaires trying to escape death by essentially throwing money at the problem.
Even Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is famously investing in anti-aging technologies. In fact, the company he’s investing in, called Altos Labs, is similarly trying to reprogram genes to turn back the biological clock.
Not every billionaire is a fan, however. SpaceX CEO Elon Musk is of a very different mind when it comes to anti-aging tech. During an interview at The Wall Street Journal‘s CEO Council Summit last week, Musk said that it “is important for us to die because most of the time people don’t change their mind, they just die.”
NewLimit wants to stop aging with a deceivingly simple process: by assigning existing cells an entirely new task.
“Put simply, we want to figure out a way to restore the regenerative potential we all had when we were younger, but somehow lost,” the statement reads.
The science may still be in its infancy — but that isn’t stopping the wealthy in investing in endeavors like NewLimit in droves. The company raised over $100 million to “get the company off the ground.”
“We expect capital will not be the limiting factor for the next few years,” Armstrong and Byers boast in their statement.
But whether the nascent company will be able to deliver on the lofty premise remains to be seen, of course.
READ MORE: Announcing NewLimit: a company built to extend human healthspan [NewLimit]
More on anti-aging: Elon Musk Says That Immortality Tech Would Be Very Dangerous
The post Billionaire Launches Startup to Reprogram Human Gene Expression appeared first on Futurism.
Discover Past Posts
|
<urn:uuid:d2308dc4-b4c7-4ef0-8026-b92172cb5e25>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.digitaldisrupting.com/billionaire-launches-startup-to-reprogram-human-gene-expression/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.933585
| 608
| 1.828125
| 2
|
We always used to have a pikelet when I was a child, it seems though from the Wikipedia entry that pikelet is a term specific to the West Midlands. Well, this makes me very proud.
A pikelet is a flatter crumpet, or a crumpet made without a crumpet ring. Those of us from the West Midlands know not to mess about when messing about is not needed.
The important thing is not to let your pan get too hot. You want it just on a medium heat and keep it that way, turning down the heat when necessary. That way the bottom won’t get burned whilst the middle gets cooked. Don’t turn it until is pretty much cooked and that way you get the maximum burst air bubbles which means maximum butter absorption. I helped the bubble bursting with the tines of a fork, gently probing the top of the bubbles.
This mixture makes about 26 pikelets. You can eat some straight from the pan, the rest can be frozen for a speedy breakfast later in the week. Just place back on a hot pan or in the toaster until warmed through.
500g strong bread flour
5g dried fast action yeast (aka easy bake or instant)
2 tsp salt
350ml warm milk
350ml warm water
Put the flour, yeast and salt into a bowl and mix well. Add the warm water and milk and whisk until well combined. Cover the bowl with cling film and set aside for about an hour until bubbling (it may take longer if the kitchen is cool).
Spoon ladlefuls onto a pan that is medium-hot. Leave until the mixture is cooked all the way through. You will see when this happens that the tops become a little drier than before. Whilst they are cooking you can help burst the bubbles gently with a fork for maximum holes. Turn the pikelet over and cook for a minute or so more.
Spread generously with butter and eat warm from the pan.
|
<urn:uuid:17141ef5-7b63-4b76-895b-ef4dca2180e7>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://theordinarycook.co.uk/2010/11/25/pikelets/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.943637
| 415
| 1.789063
| 2
|
- Development of Leaving Care Services in Kyiv Oblast
- EU Development of Integrated Social Services for Exposed Families and Children (2005-2007)
- Mother and Baby Unit in the City of Chernigiv (2004-2006)
- Establishment of Family Care Support Services in Rural Areas
- TACIS IBPP - Capacity Building of Local NGOs in Providing Focused Social Support to Vulnerable Families with Children (2004-2005)
- Development of Fostering and Family Support Services for Care Supervision (2003-2005)
- Preventative Services for Mothers and Babies
- Family Crisis Centre ‘Care’
- Complex Aid to Children and Families in Lviv Oblast
- Developing Residential Practice - Internat No 2 in Lviv
« Family Crisis Centre ‘Care’
To demonstrate how the threat to children's welfare and placement in institutional care caused by family crisis can be reduced in Truskavets City, Lviv Oblast.
- Children and families going through crisis
In Ukraine there were few services providing urgent consultation and support to families experiencing crisis.
Many families didn't know where to turn for help and might be referred from one agency to another without any immediate help being provided.
Family crises require quick response by a service which unites all agencies to prevent family breakdown and possible threat to children's welfare.
The Truskavets Family Crisis Centre focused on children who were at risk due to crisis in their family. It aimed to demonstrate that social work intervention at a crisis point for a family could produce better outcomes both for families and for their children.
The service aimed to turn round cases from crisis point in the course of three to six weeks, at which time they could be referred back to the usual state agencies for long term support.
The project was implemented with Lviv oblast Department of Family and Youth and Truskavets city council.
|
<urn:uuid:1d14f79a-4e89-4919-9952-ec1dd5bec717>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://archive.p4ec.org.ua/index.php?hl=en&idd=activities&activities=finished-projects&finished-projects=1170086419
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00668.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.939787
| 400
| 2.375
| 2
|
A concerted public health effort since the 1960s has reduced the overall prevalence of cigarette smoking in the United States by approximately 50%, with some states like California having even greater reductions. While these efforts are laudable and have led to reductions in morbidity and mortality for many, the gains have not been equal. In Los Angeles County, where only 10.4% of residents smoke cigarettes, alarmingly high prevalence is observed in select sub-groups that have economic and racial/ethnic disparities. Among Korean-Americans in Los Angeles County, smoking prevalence reaches 40% with reduced but still high rates of smoking among youth. This research project builds upon the commitment of community agencies, students and activists, County policymakers and academics to tailor an evidence-based smoking cessation intervention for use with Korean youth and to develop programming to deliver the intervention using the web and mobile Smartphones. The first phase of this research project involves consultative activities and focus group procedures to adapt and to tailor a 6-week, cognitive behavioral-motivational enhancement (CBME) cessation intervention specifically for Korean-American youth. Using iterative procedures between community and student key informants and technology experts, the adapted intervention will be programmed to be delivered using the web. The second phase of this research project involves conduct of an adequately powered, randomized controlled trial of the experimental intervention delivered on the web (n=120) compared to standard of care (n=120) for Korean-American youth (aged 14-19) seeking smoking cessation. Primary outcome variable is 7-day point prevalence of smoking abstinence verified by biomarkers at end of treatment, 24- and 52-week follow-up visits. We expect to find between 2-3 times increase in smoking cessation rates for the experimental group over the control group, which represents an outstanding morbidity reduction. If effective, the intervention will also provide an effective program for adaptation to young smokers of other ethnicities/races.
This research project is highly significant given the high rate of smoking prevalence in Korean youth and the benefits over the lifespan from stopping smoking. This is the first program in the nation to focus on using interactive web-based and mobile phone technologies and the first program to adapt these efforts specifically for Korean-Americans, a group with unacceptably high smoking prevalence rates.
|Cochran, Susan D; Mays, Vickie M (2015) Mortality risks among persons reporting same-sex sexual partners: evidence from the 2008 General Social Survey-National Death Index data set. Am J Public Health 105:358-64|
|Swanson, Jeffrey W; McGinty, E Elizabeth; Fazel, Seena et al. (2015) Mental illness and reduction of gun violence and suicide: bringing epidemiologic research to policy. Ann Epidemiol 25:366-76|
|Villatoro, Alice P; Morales, Eduardo S; Mays, Vickie M (2014) Family culture in mental health help-seeking and utilization in a nationally representative sample of Latinos in the United States: The NLAAS. Am J Orthopsychiatry 84:353-63|
|Delany-Brumsey, Ayesha; Mays, Vickie M; Cochran, Susan D (2014) Does neighborhood social capital buffer the effects of maternal depression on adolescent behavior problems? Am J Community Psychol 53:275-85|
|Blosnich, John R; Mays, Vickie M; Cochran, Susan D (2014) Suicidality among veterans: implications of sexual minority status. Am J Public Health 104 Suppl 4:S535-7|
|Mays, Vickie M; Johnson, Denise; Coles, Courtney N et al. (2013) Using the Science of Psychology to Target Perpetrators of Racism and Race-Based Discrimination For Intervention Efforts: Preventing Another Trayvon Martin Tragedy. J Soc Action Couns Psychol 5:11-36|
|
<urn:uuid:a08144cf-0374-4943-b5df-3a9c3643a11e>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/P60-MD006923-02-6084
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00269-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.898779
| 803
| 2.578125
| 3
|
“MARCH 22 1993 saw Intel ship the first Pentium processor, clocking in at an astonishing 60MHz.
Replacing the 486, Chipzilla cocked a snook with the name as pundits had been confidently predicting it would be called the 80586. But Intel failed to convince the US Patent Office that it could patent a number, so it was named after Craig Barrett’s horse instead.
Craig Barrett on his famous horse DobbinsWe can count ourselves lucky we don’t all have Dobbins in our PCs these days.
Built on a positively agricultural eight micron process and sporting a 50MHz front side bus, the Pentium eventually reached the dizzy heights of 300MHz before it was replaced by the Pentium II and finally put out to pasture in 1999. ”
Here is some more Tech News from around the web:
- World’s First Polymorphic Computer @ Slashdot
- Gifted Children Find Heavy Metal Comforting @ Slashdot
- Google’s Second-Class Citizens @ Slashdot
- Trusting Microsoft: Not Going to Happen @ OSWeekly
- BSD Licensing Versus GPL @ MadPenguin
- Web-Based Photo Services Compared @ Digital Trends
- SabayonLinux 3.3 @ Techgage
- Bigfoot Networks Killer NIC & Killer K1 Network Cards @ Overclock3d
- abit AirPace Wi-Fi Expansion Card @ motherboards.org
Source: The Inquirer
Back in the days when Cyrix and Wang were big names, and it was uphill to the store both ways, and snow was up to the tops of street signs, a new chip appeared that made a huge difference. The original Pentium was a huge step up from the past series, and really pushed a lot of power for it’s time. Of course, the introduction of a math co-processor was both a good and a bad thing.
|
<urn:uuid:21a666e3-1a55-48d5-811a-11f1f6e6685e>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://pcper.com/2007/03/guess-whos-14/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00270.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.936146
| 404
| 2.453125
| 2
|
How Much Money Should You Have in Your Savings At Every Stage Of Life?
How much money should you have in your savings account at every stage of life? – Apparently, the issue about knowing how much savings a person should have at the stages of 20, 30, 40 and 50-60 years old is that, every stage in life is different, with different income capacities, different backgrounds, different expenses and different circumstances and situations.
So, How Much Money Should You Have In Your Savings Account At Every Stage Of Life?
However, depending on your lifestyle, your financial goals may vary, there is no clear-cut way to make savings. Your income too may change at different stages of life as you grow. But there are always ratios and percentages we can depend on to know how much money you should have in your savings account at different stages of life. In this article, I will share with you in details how much money you should have in your savings at all stages of life. Right from the beginning of financial life of 20’s to retirement age.
Below Are Stages Of Life’s Savings Ratios To Look At
1. Saving in Your 20’s
How much money should you have in your savings account at age 20? – It is normal to start slowly while in your 20’s since it’s considered to be the first stage and beginning of your financial circle. But what is important is to get started. Actually, unless you started life so early, you probably won’t look back on your 20’s as the years when you earned all your big money with turbulent lifestyles. For many people, during this time is a life building stage, with fancy lifestyle while things like first car, first apartments and other things to impress people.
For these reasons, saving isn’t easy during this first stage, but it is very necessary. During the ages of 20 to 29, it might be hard to have proper savings, but it’s best to try to save at least 10-20% of your annual income to get you started for a greater future. That may seem like a lofty goal, but young people are urged to get in the habit of saving and start building a surplus to help them endure the unexpected. In your 20’s, you should mostly work toward your emergency savings fund, if you have the financial capacity to save for more than your emergency savings fund, it is good to go for it.
2. Savings In Your 30’s
How much money should you have in your savings account at age 30? – This is the time to get serious about savings. Life is different for everyone during this stage as well, but for many people, their 30’s bring kids, a home, more income and a much greater responsibility to save than ever before. The main goal for this stage of life is stability, your emergency funds should have three to six months funds worth of expenses at a minimum, and for a more aspirational goal, aim to save for 1 year at beyond at maximum savings for emergency.
3. Savings In Middle Age(40’s)
How much money should you have in your savings account at middle age? – At the middle age, the future you have been saving for is just around the corner.
If you started saving in your 20’s, you will be grateful for your early efforts by the time you reach your 40’s. However, if you thought it was hard to save when you were young and free, wait until you get to middle age. By this stage of life, many people are planning to pay for their kids university and colleges at the same time they are trying to save for retirement as well. Also need, plenty of people spend this stage of life between the financial rock and a hard place of caring for aging parents and other family members while also raising young children too.
However, without a healthy savings account, it will be a challenge at this age and the future could be a penalty. If you save for two or three times the current income is a good start for age 40 and four to five times your income for age 50 plus. If you don’t have enough saved for retirement, then this is a good time to start up and save in order to prepare for retirement. You can contribute more to a retirement benefit as well as a good insurance coverage to build your retirement nest egg.
4. Savings In Your 50’s
How much money should you have in your savings account at age 50 – You are on for retirement at this stage of life, by the time you enter your 50th decade, you should be putting the finishing touches on a lifetime of savings. In your 50,s, the prime time you have to account for retirement should be a greater priority. Another way to look at it is to have 70% of your pre-retirement income saved up for retirement. To retire by age 60 and beyond, it’s best to save 10 times your annual income.
The Retirement-Focused Lifetime Saving Strategy
How much money should you have in your savings account at retirement? – It is believed that savings strategies at every stage of life should be calculated with the same goal in mind for retirement. More than the combined cost of your university education, raising a child and getting a home. The best way to ensure you are saving enough for retirement is to calculate the present value of your goal at various stages. Before you turn 60, estimate that your nest egg(retirement savings) doubles roughly every 10 years, and assumption of a 7% on your annual investment returns. Consider reading 28 Best Money Habits To Help You Grow Your Bank Account
Kindly Join Our WhatsApp Group For More Updates!
|
<urn:uuid:057ffe32-20dc-474e-9b80-54f17669b147>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.talkfinance24.com/at-age-20-30-4050-and-60-check-out-how-much-money-should-you-have-in-your-savings-at-every-stage-of-life/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00070.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.966843
| 1,181
| 1.851563
| 2
|
2022 predictions: more checkout-free stores, more competion for Amazon
GlobalData predicts rapid international expansion for checkout-free stores, more non-food stores and increased competition for Amazon
Also known as ‘ambient commerce’, checkout-free shopping allows customers to walk straight out with the items they want, as a range of technology tracks their movements and automatically charges their accounts. According to company filing analytics by GlobalData, the number of mentions of ambient commerce in retail company filings more than doubled from 157 in 2016, to 320 in 2021 (YTD), and the leading data and analytics company is seeing global adoption.
In its latest technology, media and telecoms (TMT) report, ‘TMT Predictions report for 2022’, GlobalData notes that COVID-19 will continue to accelerate the international expansion of checkout-free stores, non-food specialist stores that use ambient commerce will open, and Amazon’s stores will see increased competition.
Jemima Walker, Analyst in the Thematic Research team at GlobalData, offers her view on the future of ambient commerce:
COVID-19 will accelerate the international expansion of checkout-free stores
“As consumer demand for ‘safe shopping’ accelerates due to COVID-19, and the return on investment (ROI) of checkout-free tech is revealed, retailers that have already implemented this technology such as Tesco, Aldi, Sainsbury’s, and Carrefour will see their advantage eroded as competitors join the checkout-free retail race in 2022.
“Checkout-free stores will continue to expand internationally next year, and major retailers that fail to monitor this trend will find themselves falling behind.”
Expect checkout-free non-food specialist stores to open soon
“While food and grocery retail will continue to lead the checkout-free trend, as this kind of tech lends itself well to the sector, leading mall operators such as Majid Al Futtaim will begin to experiment with the tech in non-food specialist stores.
“Leaders in apparel, health and beauty, home, and electronics retail will be closely watching the success of checkout-free food and grocery stores.”
Checkout-free tech providers have an opportunity to compete with Amazon
“As checkout-free stores proliferate, consumers will follow—as evidenced by their fast adoption in the APAC region. Although, according to GlobalData’s latest UK Consumer Views Survey, 55.7% of consumers are unwilling to use a checkout-free grocery store. The greatest concern for respondents was the need to download an app and register payment details. Retailers looking to win over more consumers will need to select in-store tech providers that can deliver a convenient, frictionless experience to reassure customers.
“The use of ‘Just Walk Out’ technology in Amazon Go stores—with the option of a unified app, credit card payment options, and biometric entry—will ensure the retail giant continues to dominate; however, other in-store tech providers have an opportunity to compete with a lower-cost offering. This can be achieved either by partnering with a widely integrated payment app platform such as PayPal or by creating a cheaper, more frictionless set-up. AiFi’s barrier-free entry tech in Carrefour’s Flash 10/10 store in Paris could be a strong contender.”
|
<urn:uuid:6cbf3783-e1d0-4e9e-bd27-1001fc88e108>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://ixtenso.com/retail-marketing/2022-predicitions-more-checkout-free-stores-more-competion-for-amazon.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00477.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.917769
| 708
| 1.539063
| 2
|
This month I had the honor to talk to Richard Weissbourd, faculty director of Making Caring Common, based at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Rick is also the author of The Parents We Mean to Be: How Well-Intentioned Adults Undermine Children’s Moral and Emotional Development.
Dr. Arthur Schwartz, President, Character.org
Q. Every organization has its own genesis story. Share with us how Making Caring Common came to be.
About nine years ago we realized we had to do something to change the narrow metrics by which we measure the success of children. Everything was hyper-focused on individual success. We thought it was vital to place front and center in the national conversation caring, justice and the common good. I think it’s become clear that we won’t survive as a society if we don’t make these things strong priorities in child-raising. Other generations before us saw that far more clearly.
Q. Let’s imagine that one of our readers is just learning about Making Caring Common. What’s your elevator pitch?
Right now, our current argument is connected to the moment we’re in. We have neglected to prepare far too many of our children to be ethical and respectful citizens. Caring, gratitude, honesty, the capacity for sacrifice, a commitment to justice and other moral qualities need to be at the center of our families, schools and communities if we want to protect democracy, deal with threats like the pandemic and build healthy communities.
Early on, what was one of your first “shining moments” when you knew Making Caring Common was making a difference?
There are two moments that stand out for me. In 2014 we released a report “The Children We Mean to Raise” that got a lot of media attention, including a piece in the TV program Good Morning America. I think it drew needed attention to problems with our child-raising priorities.
What did the Report focus on?
The report sought to alert Americans to how dangerously skewed our child-raising priorities are. We surveyed both parents and children, across a wide spectrum of races, cultures, and classes. Our survey indicated, for example, that teens were 3 times more likely to think their parents would be prouder of them if they got good grades than if they were caring community members at school. The report also described what we called the “rhetoric/reality gap.”
What is the rhetoric/reality gap?
It’s the gap between what parents say are their top priorities and the real messages that they send to their children day to day. While parents say caring for others is a top priority in their child-raising, their children were far more likely to report that their parents prioritized aspects of success—happiness and achievement.
What was your second “shining moment”?
In 2019 we launched the Turning the Tide College Admissions Campaign. About 100 colleges and universities endorsed our Turning the Tide Report. Today, over 300 colleges have signed the Deans Commitment Letter, an extension of the Turning the Tide report.
What are these colleges committing to?
The Report focuses on ways to reduce student anxiety during the college admission process, and it signals that a large number of colleges value a student’s ethical and intellectual engagement, not just grades and test scores.
Didn’t your team publish a follow-up report as well?
Yes. We released Turning the Tide II: How Parents and High Schools Can Cultivate Ethical Character and Reduce Distress in The College Admissions Process. In this second report, we focus on what parents and caregivers can do to support ethical character in the college admissions process.
Rick, share with our readers a bit about your own professional journey.
By training, I am a counseling psychologist. But I have always been involved in anti-poverty work as well as initiatives that focused on moral development. I started a school in Boston. I’ve taught at Harvard in both the Kennedy School and the Graduate School of Education, though I’ve never been a full-time faculty member. I’ve always been engaged in both policy and practice and have created several programs for children facing risks.
Is there something about fostering and cultivating caring and empathy that you know now that you didn’t know before launching Making Caring Common?
I’ve come to understand empathy in a different way. Too often, empathy is understood as perspective taking. A cognitive skill. But it’s not. Empathy is an emotional and a moral capacity. It’s experiencing the feelings of the other person, and it’s valuing other people. This insight on empathy has guided our work at Making Caring Common.
What is your organization’s vision for future growth?
We have identified two big areas. First is parenting. Parents are the most powerful influence on a child’s life, especially when it comes to moral development. We have to find a way to provide strategies and activities for parents that cultivate in children empathy, gratitude, justice-mindedness and other key moral and emotional capacities. These activities need to be energizing to parents and not another burden. We also have to get far better at reaching a wide range of diverse parents across culture, race and economic background. Parents absorb information in different ways and in different contexts, and we have to understand this terrain better.
What is the second area?
We’ll continue our work on reforming college admissions. We’re collaborating with the Common App on an exciting project to “revolutionize” the Common App in ways that promote greater equity and that support ethical character.
Rick, is there one core value that’s your personal superpower?
Justice. My mother would always kid me that when I was about 10 years old I told her that I wanted to be a General in the War on Poverty. I think I saw how unlevel the playing field is – especially for children.
|
<urn:uuid:0cb847e4-d5db-489c-82a3-c603ea512627>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://character.org/making-caring-common/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00071.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956762
| 1,255
| 2.03125
| 2
|
Via NPR, a report by Jason Beaubien: Facility Sets Up Extreme Precautions To Treat Ebola Patients. Click through to hear the four-minute audio clip and read the complete transcript. Excerpt:
JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE: The basic design principle of the Doctors Without Borders Ebola treatment center in Kailahun is keep the Ebola virus trapped in the middle of the compound. Patients who have ebola stay in large white tents inside that isolation zone. The medical staff go in and out to treat them.
SEBASTIAN STEIN: Going into this area involves significant risk, unless you know how to protect yourself.
BEAUBIEN: Sebastian Stein is the sanitation coordinator for the facility, which means it a large part of his job is infection control.
STEIN: Everything you want to do inside the high risk zone, where the patients are, is a tremendous undertaking.
BEAUBIEN: It's a tremendous undertaking because anyone who goes in - doctors, nurses, cleaners, construction repair men - have to wear protective suits that cover every inch of their bodies. The protective gear includes gloves, face masks and goggles.
This person, now - they're putting their goggles on right now. That was the last bit of skin we were seeing, yeah?
STEIN: That's right. And you see, now, that his colleague is now checking to see that there is absolutely no skin exposed. Everything is covered up.
BEAUBIEN: Ebola spreads by contact with bodily fluids - blood, vomit, diarrhea - but also through sweat or tears. Many of the early victims in Sierra Leone were healthcare workers who were caring for people infected with the virus. Usually Ebola kills more than half the people who get it. And so far, more than 600 people have died in this outbreak across West Africa.
STEIN: So every day, we have to send in our teams to go and wash the bodies, disinfect the bodies and then hand them over to either the families or to the officials here. And this is - it's a grim task.
BEAUBIEN: Stein says, five or six patients are dying at this facility every day.
STEIN: Ebola's a horrible disease, and, yeah, what you see is not something that is pleasant.
|
<urn:uuid:48d220bc-5b8d-44aa-93ff-bf1f1004b487>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://crofsblogs.typepad.com/h5n1/2014/07/sierra-leone-npr-on-treating-ebola-patients.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00315-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959838
| 473
| 2.3125
| 2
|
Essex County College Facts
Degrees & Programs
Workforce Training & Business Solutions
Paying for College
Path to ECC
A free computer training and programming workshop, using the program Python, will be held Friday, March 13.
The half day workshop is from 7:30 to 11:30 a.m. It will be held in Room 4164B on the Newark campus.
The hands-on program is made available through a Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Grant. Underrepresented students are encouraged to enroll in the program.
“Python is a programming language which has a wide range of applications in many high-demand, well-paying IT fields,” said Engineering and Computer Science Professor Dr. Hossein Assadipour, who will teach the class. “Anyone who needs to know coding, whether it is in health sciences or business and economics, can use the program.”
Seating for the workshop is limited. To apply/register, contact Dr. Assadipour at [email protected].
|
<urn:uuid:10adefdd-6741-4794-9a25-fa4208afb844>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.essex.edu/news/free-python-computer-training-workshop-march-13/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00276.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.902119
| 242
| 1.898438
| 2
|
This is where a student is treated worse that others because of a protected ground (except disability. See Disability and discrimination)
- You reject a male applicant’s application to a childcare course because you do not think it is appropriate for a male to be working with children. This would be unlawful direct discrimination on the grounds of sex.
- You exclude a female student because she is pregnant. This would be unlawful direct discrimination on the grounds of sex.
Unfortunately there is not a single definition of indirect discrimination that applies across all of the discrimination laws so this makes it a little complicated to explain the concept. However a reasonable description of the concept and what it tries to do is as follows:
Indirect discrimination is where an organisation unjustifiably operates a rule or policy that looks the same for everyone but in effect disadvantages people from a particular protected group.
- A 45 year old man wishes to take up a degree course but is refused a place because places are reserved for 18 – 21 year olds.
While this practice applies to all people equally, people of a certain age group are at a particular disadvantage and if the practice cannot be objectively justified it could amount to indirect discrimination on grounds of age.
- You do not permit men or women to wear headgear as part of your uniform policy and this policy applies to every student equally.
This could be a case of indirect religious and race discrimination, for example against Muslim women unless the policy can be objectively justified.
Victimisation is where a student has made a complaint of discrimination, in good faith or helped someone else with a complaint under the discrimination laws, and suffered as a result. Protection from victimisation is intended to ensure that people are not put off from complaining about discrimination out of fear of further adverse treatment.
- A Muslim woman had made a complaint of indirect religious and racial discrimination because she was not allowed to wear a head scarf to college. At the beginning of the new college year she requested to do an extra “A” level but you refused permission.
If the reason for the refusal was that you were retaliating against her because she had brought a complaint of discrimination in the previous year, it would be victimisation and would be unlawful.
Direct discrimination and indirect discrimination are not terms for discrimination that are prohibited by the Special Educational Needs and Disability (Northern Ireland) Order 2005 (SENDO). However, SENDO has its own terms for discrimination; i.e. disability related discrimination and failure to comply with a duty to make reasonable adjustments. SENDO also prohibits harassment (although it does not use that word) and victimisation.
Disability-related discrimination is essentially a form of direct discrimination. It is very closely linked with the duty to make reasonable adjustments. Disability-related discrimination is much less likely to occur when the reasonable adjustment duty has been complied with. So, the focus and priority for you should be on complying with the reasonable adjustment duty.
What is the reasonable adjustment duty for disabled people?
In certain circumstances SENDO places a duty on you to make reasonable adjustments for those students or prospective students who are disabled. The duty arises where:
- a provision, criterion or practice is applied by or on behalf of a college; or
- any physical feature of premises occupied by a college;
places disabled students at a substantial disadvantage in comparison with students who are not disabled.
There are a number of things you need to remember about reasonable adjustments:
a. where the duty arises, you cannot justify a failure to make a reasonable adjustment.
b. reasonable adjustments have to be considered at every stage of the students journey through their education.
c. the duty is ‘reactive’ and requires you to have knowledge of the person’s disability and the fact that they will be placed at a substantial disadvantage compared to others who do not have the particular disability.
- You introduce a website to enable the students to keep in touch and up to date on news, events and the latest school activities. However, the website has embedded all of its text within graphics. This practice places students who have visual impairments at a particular disadvantage because they cannot change the font size or apply text-to-speech recognition software. Hence they cannot access the website.
If it is reasonable for you to change the website to remove the cause of this difficulty and to enable disabled students to use it, then you will be under a duty to make these changes. An unjustified failure to do so would be unlawful discrimination.
- A female student who has Osteogenesis Imperfecta (brittle bones) and walks using a rollator wants to attend your college. The college’s buildings have narrow walkways. For her own safety, she asks if she could leave lectures five minutes before the end of lectures in order to miss the rush in the corridors. You consider that it would be reasonable for you to timetable lectures to ensure that the student is able to avoid crowded corridors.
If it would be reasonable for you to take these steps, then you will be under a duty to take them.
- You built a ramp and install automatic doors at the entrance to make it easier for wheel chair users and other students with mobility problems to enter and exit the building.
This is likely to be a reasonable adjustment to a physical feature of premises.
There is also a duty on Colleges to provide auxiliary aids and services as a reasonable adjustment. However it would not be reasonable to expect you to provide an aid or service where the cost had been met already by another source, for example a Disabled Students Allowance.
Harassment is where a person behaves in a way, on grounds of sex, sexual orientation, race, religious belief and political opinion, age and disability, which violates a student’s dignity or creates an intimidating, hostile, degrading, humiliating or offensive environment.
Where the harassment was carried out by an employee of the College, such as a teacher, caretaker or kitchen assistant the student can take a complaint under one of the equality laws.
In general you have legal duties to students in relation to harassment and have a duty to protect them from harassment.
- A student who is from Poland and speaks with a strong polish accent is imitated and mocked by the lecturer and made fun off in front of the rest of the class. The lecturer also makes comments such as “Polish people are taking our jobs.”
|
<urn:uuid:01638104-0527-419e-8062-70626f54c83b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.equalityni.org/Employers-Service-Providers/Education/4/Further-Higher-Education/Types-of-discrimination
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.964971
| 1,323
| 2.78125
| 3
|
TRIPOLI, Libya, June 25 (UPI) -- Parliamentary elections were held in Libya on Wednesday, the second such election since the Gadhafi regime was toppled in 2011.
More than 1,500 candidates are competing for 200 seats in Libya's newly re-branded Council of Representatives, formerly called the General National Congress.
The election comes as the country faces political upheaval and instability at levels unseen since the revolution.
In an attempt to quell political tensions during the election, parliamentary candidates ran for seats as individuals rather than as part of political lists.
The United Nations remarked that Wednesday's election is "an important step in Libya's transition towards stable democratic governance."
Voter turnout, however, is expected to be low. Only 1.5 million Libyans registered to vote, down from the 2.8 million who registered in 2012.
Polls were closed in the eastern city of Derna due to security concerns.
|
<urn:uuid:b40e96bc-f30c-4fb7-b82d-18a4e36a4100>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/06/25/Libyas-parliamentary-elections-held-despite-expected-low-voter-turnout/8901403711373/?spt=sec&or=tn
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00456-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.985393
| 193
| 1.984375
| 2
|
The U.S. Open is starting in a few weeks, and most of the top players on the men's and women's circuit have been warming up for the year's last Grand Slam. At the Roger's Cup, held in Toronto for men, and Cincinnati for women, the players are trying to perfect their games and go into the U.S. Open with excellent form.
All the players, at any tournament, will try their best to bring their games to the highest level, by playing deft drop shots, delicate volleys, deep, powerful groundstrokes, sizzling serves, and arching lobs. But nowadays, do we actually see those deft drop shots, or those delicate volleys? Without a doubt, power dominates the field today.
On the men's side, there is Rafael Nadal, Robin Soderling, Tomas Berdych, and Novak Djokovic. The women's tour has Serena Williams, Venus Williams, Samantha Stosur, Kim Clijsters, Li Na, and Maria Sharapova. All of these players are on top of the tennis world, but can anyone really play as good a drop shot as Martina Hingis, or for that matter, Roger Federer?
But for every few aggressive baseliners, there is a court-smart player, working the court, and not necessarily having just touch. Think of Federer, Andy Murray, Caroline Wozniacki, Jelena Jankovic, Agniezka Radwanska, and Justine Henin. These players have the finesse, and judging by their world rankings, they beat other players often. So do you have to have just power to prevail on the pro tour?
Aggression does not always pay off. How many unforced errors is it possible to make? When the player goes too much on the depth when getting a short ball, he often loses the point. Why couldn't have the player chosen a wiser and more crafty approach? Instead of hitting what most players would expect, try a forehand drop shot that pops just over the net, leaving the opponent flat-footed. Or why go for a deep stroke that is called long, when the opponent was certain to have netted on the next stroke? Just waiting for the error would have been better in that rally.
Which brings us to the ruler of the women's tennis kingdom in the late '90s, none other than Martina Hingis. Every single opponent was bamboozled by her drop shots, lobs (Remember that drop shot followed by a lob play?), anticipation, and court craft. "The Ultimate Counter-puncher" is what they called her. While it is rare to find a player as talented as Martina Hingis was, a drop shot here and there, a serve-and-volley service game a few times, and the occasional touch volley, will all help to prevent the competitor from finding any rhythm in the match.
Although waiting for the error is not recommended all the time, with today's players developed for power baselining, running laterally, having some finesse in the bag is a great idea. How many players are willing to hit a drop-shot when down a set, break, and break-point? Hitting the drop shot would catch a player off-guard, and who knows, maybe the player would come back to win the match.
Of course, the ideal player has an all-around game—hitting aces, earning winners, volleying, lobbing, and drop-shotting, like a Roger Federer or Justine Henin. But wouldn't it do good for the fans and even players (Roger Federer-Michael Llodra, anyone?) to have a change of style and always have that extra shot in the pocket?
Like the new article format? Send us feedback!
|
<urn:uuid:21c72bbe-09eb-4af3-b0a9-b320619caab5>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://bleacherreport.com/articles/434908-finesse-vs-power-is-todays-game-one-dimensional
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968144
| 799
| 1.773438
| 2
|
Please log in to watch this conference skillscast.
Before you can evaluate a method, you have to understand its goals. Before you can evaluate a style of software engineering, you have to understand its goals. Quick execution of experiments? Rapid scaling in the face of unexpected bottlenecks? Sustained, profitable growth? Each goals requires a different style and yet we talk about software engineering as if it should be one thing. This talk introduces 3X and the ways software development, quality assurance, design, management, financing, planning, and staffing change depending on the goal of development.
YOU MAY ALSO LIKE:
3X: Explore / Expand / Extract
“For each desired change, make the change easy (warning: this may be hard), then make the easy change.”
Kent Beck hates writing biographies. Guitarist, singer, storyteller, walker, poker player, programmer, artist. Original signer of the Agile Manifesto, author of the Extreme Programming book series, rediscoverer of Test-Driven Development, and inspiring keynote speaker. Helps geeks feel safe in the world.
|
<urn:uuid:2dd93826-e327-4c2f-bf0a-3d6e85399e72>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://skillsmatter.com/skillscasts/16843-3x-explore-expand-extract
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00271.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.904725
| 234
| 1.8125
| 2
|
Smart people are talking about Franz Ferdinand and comparing his assassination, which started World War I, to the assassination of Russia’s ambassador to Turkey, Andrey Karlov. They’re wondering if there’s any scenario where this assassination might eventually lead to World War 3. If you’re noticing that the term “World War 3” is trending, it’s not because world war is imminent, but it’s because of these comparisons.
You’re likely seeing tweets like these:
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was assassinated on June 28, 1914 in Sarjevo. He was killed by Gavrilo Princip, a group of six assassins who were working on his assassination.
Ferdinand’s assassination was the trigger to the war, which resulted in Austria-Hungary delivering an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. International alliances on both sides were invoked and within mere weeks, the major world powers were at war. The war led to two major opposing alliances: The Allies vs the Central Powers. The Principal Allied Powers were the British Empire, French Republic, Italy, and Japan, with other Allied Powers including Armenia, Belgium, Greece, Hejaz, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serb-Croat-Slovene state, and others. The Central Powers, meanwhile, consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria.
The war lasted until 1918. The Russian Empire formally left the alliance in 1917, signing a treaty of Brest Litovsk which created a separate peace with the Central Powers. Once Russia withdrew, the final great powers in alliance were the French Republic, the British Empire, the United States, Italy and Japan.
Some believe that if it weren’t for World War I, Germany and France would be world superpowers like the United States is today. Dan Carlin of Hard Core History did an in-depth podcast series on World War I, including Ferdinand’s assassination. The series is called Blueprint for Armageddon. You can listen to three hours of the series here.
People have voiced concerns about World War III because, if Russia were to declare war on Turkey, it might cause different countries to fall in line with their allies, similarly to what happened in World War I. Although Turkey is friendly with the U.S. and is a member of the United Nations and NATO, relations between Turkey and the United States have gotten less stable over recent years, starting with the United States’ action in the Iraq War in 2003. Americans’ support of the Kurds in the Syrian Civil War has increased tensions. In March 2016, President Barack Obama refused to have a formal meeting with Erdogan when he visited the U.S. But in September, he did meet with Erdogan for the first time since the failed coup attempt, which some said might have signaled a ‘minor uptick” in U.S.-Turkey relations.
Theoretically, if Russia declared war on Turkey, NATO members might retaliate since Turkey is a member of NATO. However, since Trump seems friendlier with Russia than most administrations, others find it hard to believe that he would declare war on Russia.
So far, Russia has said that it considers the assassination of its ambassador an act of terrorism. There has been no declaration of war, and some experts believe this is nothing compared to what happened in World War I. Michael Koplow, a policy director of the Israel Policy Forum, shared a series of tweets on why he believes this won’t escalate into World War III.
Essentially, he said that Turkey has too many incentives to ally with Russia and use this as an opportunity to strengthen its ties with Russia, not weaken them. Previously strained ties with Russia did not help Turkey, so the country, he said, his more likely to want to put out a statement against extremists and fighting terrorism jointly.
Here are some more tweets being shared online about World War III:
|
<urn:uuid:ccbca2f2-2289-4a39-a5c7-3f381a4c79cd>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://heavy.com/news/2016/12/world-war-3-andrey-karlov-russian-ambassador-turkey-assassination-could-it-start-ww-iii-franz-ferdinand-wwi-comparisons/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.968378
| 828
| 2.796875
| 3
|
a variety of the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with reduced scales, giving a smooth shiny body surface
[mir-er] /ˈmɪr ər/ noun 1. a reflecting surface, originally of polished metal but now usually of glass with a silvery, metallic, or amalgam backing. 2. such a surface set into a frame, attached to a handle, etc., for use in viewing oneself or as an ornament. 3. any reflecting surface, as the surface of calm […]
- Mirror finish
noun 1. a smooth highly polished surface produced on metal by mechanical or electrolytic polishing or lapping
noun 1. an image of an object, plan, person, etc., as it would appear if viewed in a mirror, with right and left reversed. 2. an object having a spatial arrangement that corresponds to that of another object except that the right-to-left sense on one object corresponds to the left-to-right sense on the other. noun […]
- Mirror-image cell
mirror-image cell mir·ror-im·age cell (mĭr’ər-ĭm’ĭj) n.
|
<urn:uuid:86fcc40c-4e25-49e3-96a2-9291d2e63029>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://definithing.com/define-dictionary/mirror-carp/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00032-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881516
| 251
| 2.640625
| 3
|
« AnteriorContinuar »
inheritance, that is, saints, sanctified souls; it is purchased for them, vouchsafed to them only; others have nothing to do with it; no dirty dogs or filthy swine shall trample on this golden pavement; 1 Cor. vi. 9. Rev. xxi. 27. “ Without holiness no man shall see God,” Heb. xii. 14. No grace, no glory. The inhabitants of that city are called, yea, are really holy, Isa. Ixii, 12. But how come they by this high honour? have they a good title to it? I answer, Yes, they are partakers of it; so saith the text, ług riv pepida toū kdúpov, either that which falls to them by lot--then it is the decision of heaven, which is connected with having a part, Acts viii. 21 ; or else by a person's own choice,
which," our Lord saith, “shall not be taken away,”. Luke x. 42. This may suggest,
Obs. 6. That every saint of God is already partaker of a heavenly inheritance.
“ The promise,” or the mercy promised, " is sure to all the seed,” Rom. iv. 16. Why so?
Why so? Because it is by grace on God's part, and by faith on ours: and God will have it so of his good pleasure.
A sincere Christian partakes of heaven,
(1.) In pretio, in purchase. The price is laid down for it; “it is a purchased possession,” Eph. i. 14.
(2.) In promisso, it is theirs by promise, as Canaan was Israel's by promise; and that land of promise was a type of this heavenly inheritance, James ii. 5.
(3.) In capite ; saints partake of heaven by their union to their Head who is in heaven. “ God hath made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus,” Eph. ii. 6. O happy souls !
(4.) In primitiis, in the first-fruits or earnest. 2 Cor. v. 5, “ Who hath also given unto us the earnest of his Spirit.” A pledge is restored, but an earnest is retained, because it is part of the bargain. A faithful man will not run back from his bargain, nor lose his earnest: nor will the covenant-keeping God ; he is faithful who hath promised, who will also do it.
Secondly, The other branch of the text is not only the providing of an inheritance for his children, but also a preparing of them for that inheritance. Solomon saith, “ Wisdom is good with an inheritance," Eccles. vii. 11. Alas, what should a fool do with a great estate ? yet it often falls out so, that the worst men have most of the world : but, saith Mr. J. Dalleus on this text, “ It is not so here as in worldly things, that fall into the hands of those that are most incapable to improve them aright; but God gives a suitable share of true wisdom with this inheritance,” as when Saul was anointed king, he was " turned into another man,” i Sam. x. 6. Alas, what is heaven to us unless we be fit for it? Our dear Lord Jesus who went to prepare a place for us, must also prepare us for that blessed place. In this second branch we have something implied and something expressed.
(1.) From that which is implied, may arise
Obs. 7. That every soul by nature is altogether unmeet for heaven.
2 Cor. iii. 5, “ Not that we are ikavol, sufficient or meet (for it is the same word) of ourselves to think any thing as of ourselves.” Alas, what merit, either of congruity or condignity, can there be in man to obtain heaven? If he cannot think well, surely he cannot will well, or act well, to deserve or fit himself for such a mercy; especially since man by nature is a child of wrath, a slave of Satan, dead in sins, banished out of paradise, hath no heart to look that way, nay, hath enmity in his mind to what is good. God doth all: * the Sun of Righteousness shines on these de
Dignatus est nos assumere.
graded souls; he alone makes vessels of honour : he fills them with the treasures of grace, and fits them for glory: of unfit making them fit, * that is, meet for his glorious presence.
(2.) Here is something expressed, which is held forth in these two observations:
Obs. 8. That all those, and only those that shall eternally partake of the heavenly inheritance in the other world, are made meet for it in this world.
Obs. 9. That it is a transcendent mercy worth thariking God for, to be made meet for heaven.
Of the two last in their order.
First, That all those, and only those that shall partake of the heavenly inheritance in the other world, must be made meet for it in this world.
All that I shall do in the doctrinal part is,
DISTINCTIONS ABOUT MEETNESS FOR HEAVEN
WHAT HABITUAL MEETNESS IS-BOTH RELATIVE AND REAL.
I. For a more methodical proceeding in explaining this subject, I shall premise some Distinctions, by which you may understand what meetness for heaven is.
1 Dist. There is a legal and evangelical meetness. f Since the fall of man, no mere man can fulfil all righteousness, or by his own power attain to any thing pleasing to God; so a legal meetness is not attainable.
Inhabiles habiles faciens. † Aptitudo legalis et evangelica.
“ We have all sinned and come short of the glory of God.” *
2 Dist. There is a meetness of works, and of the person. | In the covenant of works, the person was accepted for the works' sake; but in the covenant of grace, the work is accepted for the person's sake. If
“ be accepted in the Beloved,” God owns both person and offering, as he did Abel. But what proportion can the best services of the best men bear to an eternal reward ? nor can human sufferings purchase this glory to be revealed. I
3 Dist. There is a perfect, complete meetness for heaven.|| This only is attained by “the spirits of just men made perfect :” for who upon earth can say “ I have made my heart clean, I am pure from my sin ?” Alas, we know but in part, and so love but in part. Even Paul who was perfect in point of sincerity, yet was not already perfect in point of degree, but was pressing forward. § Christians here below are but in via non in patria, on the road to perfection, singing the song of degrees, and not on the heights of Zion. Sincerity is gospel perfection, and the Christian's preparation, together with a progressive motion.
4 Dist. There is an habitual and an actual meetness for heaven; or, which may be thus distinguished, there is a hereditary right, and an aptitude or actual fitness for this inheritance. My text includes both, and I shall explain both; for they are both necessary in their place; and in this sense God's children are said to be “ counted worthy of the kingdom
* Rom. iii. 23, 24. viii. 2, 3, 8. Gal. iii. 10–13. + Aptitudo operum et personæ. # Eph. i. 6. Heb. xi. 4, 6. Luke xvii. 10. Rom. viii. 18. || Aptitudo perfecta et progressiva. § Heb. xii. 23. Prov. xx. 9. 1 Cor. xiii. 12. Phil. iii. 12-15.
Aptitudo habitualis et actualis.
of God,” 2 Thess. i. 5; and saith Christ, “ They shall walk with me in white, for they are worthy," Rev. iii. 4; and therefore are we exhorted to “walk worthy of God, who hath called us into his kingdom and glory," 1 Thess. ii. 12. It imports a conveniency, suitableness, or answerablenes in a limited gospel sense; like children of such a father, as heirs of such an inheritance, as candidates for such an office and honour. There is a (rò #pètov) becomingness appertaining to every calling ; princes, magistrates, ministers, must have an adaptation and suitableness, to their profession; so here.
Well then, I shall speak particularly of this twofold meetness. First, of an habitual meetness, which is in opposition to perfect unmeetness, that is, a state of nature, or unregeneracy; and secondly, of an actual meetness, which is contra-distinct from imperfect meetness; and both are necessary.
you inquire, what is that habitual meetness for the inheritance of the saints in light, without which men can never attain to it, or have eternal possession of it?
I answer, This habitual meetness consists in a twofold change, relative and real.
1. It consists in a relative change : this also is twofold, namely in justification and adoption.
(1.) The poor sinner is standing at God's bar as a guilty malefactor, under the dreadful sentence of a just condemnation, “ for all the world is become guilty," úñòôikos subject to judgment before God,” Rom. iii. 19. Not a son of Adam can plead innocence; it is well if we be as the blushing rose, the lily-whiteness is lost. “He that believeth not is condemned already,” John iii. 18, “and the wrath of God abideth on him,” ver. 36; it was on him when he was born, and it abides
|
<urn:uuid:b7143c16-e9bb-485d-9c87-25c9cac3f413>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://books.google.cl/books?id=iP1JAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA246&vq=%22are+mighty+to+drink+wine,+and+men+of+strength+to+mingle+strong%22&dq=editions:OCLC11638763&lr=&output=text
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00469.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.954873
| 2,214
| 2.3125
| 2
|
Rep. Liz Cheney at a primary Election Day gathering at Mead Ranch in Jackson, Wyo.
AP Photo/Jae C. Hong
Liz Cheney has been a conservative GOP congressional policymaker since 2016. But when she turned against Donald Trump, GOP voters in Wyoming turned against her.
Schools can help students see themselves working in computer science.
Hill Street Studios/Getty Images
While computer science courses can help students with learning disabilities see themselves in careers in the field, they are still underrepresented. A team of researchers explores why.
During the Cold War, Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union was tightly restricted.
Dzurag/iStock via Getty Images Plus
During the Cold War, Russia’s refusal to allow Jews to leave the country reflected its political aims. The same is likely true today, a Jewish studies scholar explains.
White nationalist Dylann Roof appears in court on June 19, 2015, after his arrest in the mass shootings at a Black church in South Carolina.
Grace Beahm-Pool/Getty Images
Since 2017, the FBI has warned US Congress that the rise of white nationalism and the violence of extremist militia groups is a dangerous domestic terrorism threat.
A bridge and road submerged by floodwaters from the North Fork of the Kentucky River in Jackson, Kentucky, July 28, 2022.
Leandro Lozada/AFP via Getty Images
As recent deluges in St. Louis and Kentucky show, flash flooding can happen in urban and rural areas, with deadly results in either setting.
Members of the Oath Keepers stand outside the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6, 2021.
Manuel Balce Ceneta/Associated Press
Nationalist militia groups like the Oath Keepers have changed over the last several years – especially since the Capitol attack – in a few important ways, generally becoming more extreme.
Abortion-rights protesters shout slogans after tying green flags to the fence of the White House in Washington, D.C. on July 9, 2022.
AP Photo/Gemunu Amarasinghe
Historians of American religious history explain why the Supreme Court’s recent religious liberty rulings are an example of America’s long struggle to define religious freedom.
Sightseeing buses at a pullout popular for taking in views of North America’s tallest peak, Denali, in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, in 2016.
AP Photo/Becky Bohrer
The pandemic has intensified wanderlust – but also the need for mindful, ethical travel.
Some people are inherently better at tasks like reading X-rays.
SDI Productions/E+ via Getty Images
To achieve perceptual expertise, you may need more than smarts and hard work. Research suggests there’s a general ability that may help you succeed in jobs that depend on perceptual decisions.
A protein called ZNG1 helps cells make use of zinc when stores of this essential nutrient are running low.
bagi1998/E+ via Getty Images
While iron and calcium are the metals that get the most attention, zinc is also important for human health and function.
When schools make free meals more accessible, families can save money on groceries.
Wendy Maeda/The Boston Globe via Getty Images
Experts say making meals available to all students reduces the stigma associated with a free lunch.
A Ukrainian service member takes a photograph of a damaged church after shelling in a residential district in Mariupol, Ukraine, March 10, 2022.
AP Photo/Evgeniy Maloletka
Religion plays an important role in expansive views of Russian nationhood. But faith has played a role in Ukrainian nationalism, too.
Un miembro de las Fuerzas de Defensa Territorial de Ucrania abraza a un residente que sale de su pueblo tras un bombardeo de artillería rusa en Irpin, en las afueras de Kiev, Ucrania, el 9 de marzo de 2022.
AP Photo/Oleksandr Ratushniak
La literatura clásica está llena de temas que hablan de la experiencia de los refugiados en la actualidad, desde el Éxodo hasta ‘Las uvas de la ira’.
The COVID-19 pandemic has taught most people more than they ever expected to know about immunology.
Membio/iStock via Getty Images Plus
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought immunology terms that are typically relegated to textbooks into our everyday vernacular. These stories helped us make sense of the ever-evolving science.
A Ukrainian Territorial Defense Forces member hugs a resident leaving his hometown following Russian artillery shelling in Irpin on the outskirts of Kyiv, Ukraine, March 9, 2022.
AP Photo/Oleksandr Ratushniak
Classic literature is full of themes that speak to refugees’ experience today, from the Book of Exodus to ‘The Grapes of Wrath.’
Changing clocks twice a year may be more than just a biannual annoyance.
Carol Yepes/Moment via Getty Images
By altering the body’s internal clock, ‘springing forward’ may contribute to an increase in heart attacks and strokes.
Armed Salvadoran soldiers, following presidential orders, surrounded lawmakers in 2020.
AP Photo/Salvador Melendez
For the commitment to democracy to regain strength across the Americas, citizens need to become more confident in the integrity of their elections and their elected officials.
Memorial tanks at the Ukrainian Motherland Monument in Kyiv.
Madeleine Kelly/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
Who are the Ukrainians and when were they part of the same empire as Russia? A scholar answers basic questions on war in Ukraine.
Even the simplest 1040 tax returns are facing delays.
Michael Nagle/Bloomberg via Getty Images
The IRS has yet to finish millions of returns from the 2021 tax season. That doesn’t bode well for 2022.
The government could toss the 1040 in the trash.
Kameleon007iStock via Getty Images
A tax expert explains why the US continues to use such a complex and costly income tax system.
|
<urn:uuid:c96cc8cc-3cf9-4912-b628-fabb77a8b594>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://theconversation.com/institutions/vanderbilt-university-1293
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00678.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.881692
| 1,314
| 2.015625
| 2
|
from the still-searching... dept
And yet, defenders of the TPP still point to KORUS as the "model" for TPP and talk it up as if it's been a wonderful and successful agreement. However, it seems that others are noticing that there doesn't appear to be any "free trade" in this "free trade agreement." Instead, it's purely mercantilist cronyism, designed to limit economic growth and public welfare, to benefit a few large legacy companies.
Exhibit A was released by WikiLeaks last week: the latest draft of the "intellectual property" chapter of the agreement, one of 24 (out of 29) chapters that do not have to do with trade. This chapter has provisions that will make it easier for pharmaceutical companies to get patents, including in developing countries; have these patents for more years; and extend the ability of these companies to limit access to the scientific data that is necessary for other researchers to develop new medicines. And the United States is even pushing for provisions that would allow surgical procedures to be patented – provisions that may be currently against US law.So why are we increasing protectionism and putting in greater monopoly power in a so-called "free trade" agreement? Because these legacy companies and the USTR long ago learned that if you say something on the label, but then put the exact opposite in the package, the press, the public and plenty of politicians will pretend that what you say on the label is actually in the package.
All of these measures will help raise the price of medicines and health care, which will strain public health systems and price some people out of the market for important medicines. It is interesting to see how much worse the TPP is than the WTO's Trips (Trade-Related Aspects of International Property Rights). This, too, was a massive rip-off of consumers and patients throughout the world, but after years of struggle by health advocates and public interest groups, some of its worst features were attenuated, and further consolidation of pharmaceutical companies' interests were blocked.
But it's time to make this clear: almost nothing in the TPP is about actual free trade. Real free trade can be quite beneficial to all trading partners, increasing efficiency and benefiting everyone. But this is not just fake free trade, it's anti-free trade, promoting protectionist, mercantilist monopolies for big political donor legacy companies, because the USTR either thinks that lining the pockets of big political donors is a good way to keep its friends in power or they know that it'll be easier to secure cushy private sector jobs after securing these "favors."
Either way, the next time someone (especially in the press or the government) claims that the TPP is about "free trade" ask them how. And ask them how increasing monopolies and putting up protectionist trade barriers is free trade.
|
<urn:uuid:b4e827d8-3391-4139-a03c-8de5867cc0b1>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.techdirt.com/blog/?tag=mercantilism
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.959383
| 585
| 1.523438
| 2
|
The Commedy of Manners
The way of the world: William Congreve
This comedy is the best and the most representative of the age’s tastes: it reflects the court’s vision of life, lack of ideals and the dissoluteness of the upper classes. Like most restoration comedies it’s centred on the relationship between the two sexes. The real passion isn’t a romantic love but sensual attraction, vanity and social reputation.
The content of the play
The plot is very complicated and it’s speaks about two young people: Millamant a beautiful, intelligent and fashonable lady ( her name means a thousand lovers) and Mirabell who is the perfect rake: cynical a great frequenter of coffee-houses and women.( his name means the adorer of beauty). They fall in love with each other but their union is opposed by Lady Wishfort, millamant’s aunt, who is infatuated with the youn rake. In the end the two lovers manege to marry, thanks to a well-contrived trick.
A perfect marriage contract: focus on the text
In this passage Millamant and Mirabell are discussing the conditions for their future marriage. Their dialogue is an excellent example of restoration wit and elegance. Everything underline the resistence between Mirabell and Millamant because both of them are decided. Their passion is real but neither of them wants to lose his/her rights and freedom. The marriage contract that they draw up serves to define the nature of a love relationship in which neither party totally submits itself to the other.
The writer William Congreve
He born in a well-to-do family and he went to London to study law but soon he began to write for the theatre and he had an immediate success as the most promising young writer of the day. His comedies( such as old bachelor, love for love) are derived from comic tradition that goes back to latin models (plautus). He wrote his masterpiece, the wy of the world, at the end of the restoration. The plot is typical of restoration comedy: marriage as social contract, conflict between sensuality and respectabily, parody and critique of fashonable society. Its central theme is the difficulty of arranging the marriage of two lovers ( millamant e mirabell). This work is a portrait of a society that only believes in self-interest, reputation and money.
The comic, realistic( particularly in the dialogues) and sentimental elements are perfectly combined to underline the complexity and ambiguities of all human relations.
Theatres were closed during Puritan period. When they re-opened, during the restoration, it was with a new type of play and changed conditions of performance. The new indoor theatres were much smaller than the old elizabethan ones; morevoer they didn’t have a platform but there was a picture frame stage, and perspective sceneries usable for different plays. There was also artificial lighting and actors came on stage through side entrance and not through the door at the back of the stage. All these innovation are still used today.
Heroic plays and tragedies
Heroic plays were very popular and everithing about them was heroic. There was no mixing of comic scene with the tragic as in Shakespeare. The classical unities were observed. As in Elizabethan drama, restoration heroic plays and tragedies were written in blank verse. The best representative was sir Dryden who was influenced by contemporary french drama with soft colours, elegant words and polished images as in all european courts. His plays included songs that were set to music by the best composer of the day, sir Purcell.
Restoration comedy was above all a comedy of manners that is a parody and critique of fashonable society. The plays were generally set in London, in aristocratic homes, or coffee-houses, the favourite meeting places of the high society. Their maon theme was le relationship between the two sexes. Love was mainly described ad a sentimental war; marriage was usually seen an a means of making rich social alliances. The best representative was William Congreve whose masterpiece was the way of the world.
|
<urn:uuid:c612d407-521e-4e8d-b8e0-e5f2d588f0b4>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://www.skuola.net/letteratura-inglese-1700/restoration-drama.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.975131
| 870
| 2.421875
| 2
|
What cancer can cause hypercalcemia?
Patients with breast cancer, lung cancer, and myeloma are most commonly affected, but hypercalcemia can also occur with other malignancies, including renal, gynecologic, and head and neck cancers. Unfortunately, cancer-related hypercalcemia has a poor prognosis, as it is most often associated with disseminated disease.
Is hypercalcemia a sign of cancer?
This most common cause of hypercalcemia can stem from a small, noncancerous (benign) tumor or enlargement of one or more of the four parathyroid glands. Cancer. Lung cancer and breast cancer, as well as some blood cancers, can increase your risk of hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia can occur in up to 30% of persons with a malignancy. In severe cases, hypercalcemia can be associated with neurocognitive dysfunction as well as volume depletion and renal insufficiency or failure. Individual risk of hypercalcemia depends on the underlying type and stage of malignancy.
Is hypercalcemia curable?
Treatment is aimed at the cause of hypercalcemia whenever possible. People with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) may need surgery to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland. This will cure the hypercalcemia. People with mild hypercalcemia may be able to monitor the condition closely over time without treatment.
Should I worry if my calcium is high?
High blood calcium can lead to many serious health problems and should almost always be treated with an operation to remove the parathyroid tumor. Over 99% of all cases of high calcium in the blood are due to a small tumor on one of the parathyroid glands causing a disease called primary hyperparathyroidism.
What is the most common cause of hypercalcemia?
The most common causes of hypercalcemia are primary hyper-parathyroidism and malignancy. Some other important causes of hypercalcemia are medications and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.
What is the first line treatment for hypercalcemia?
Intravenous bisphosphonates are the treatment of first choice for the initial management of hypercalcaemia, followed by continued oral, or repeated intravenous bisphosphonates to prevent relapse.
What should I eat if I have hypercalcemia?
Alkaline food chart by degree
|Highly alkaline||Moderately alkaline||Low alkaline|
|chlorella||apricots||apple cider vinegar|
How often is hypercalcemia cancer?
Hypercalcemia means there is too much calcium in the blood. It is the most common life-threatening complication of cancer in adults. Hypercalcemia develops in 10% to 20% of adults with cancer, but it rarely develops in children.
|
<urn:uuid:3fbc0727-f486-4b68-b55c-346856e8d12b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://makingstridessecondlife.org/oncology/is-hypercalcemia-a-cancer.html
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00675.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.902277
| 650
| 2.78125
| 3
|
Despite the glamor associated with the term ‘machine learning’, the reality is often tedious and repetitive in nature. This makes many forms of machine learning ideal for the application of artificial intelligence. The performance measure is fairly straightforward (better accuracy), and the variables are quite easy to define – parameters for algorithms, choice of algorithms, features, data sets – and so on. As a result AI can dramatically improve the efficiency of machine learning projects, and relieve the data scientist of substantial tedium. Several platforms that provide AI assisted machine learning are listed below – and more will be added in coming months as these new platforms come on stream.
CrowdFlower is focused on making data useful by helping data teams collect, clean and label their data at scale. The CrowdFlower platform combines human-labelled training data, easy to deploy machine learning, and human-in-the-loop capabilities to help companies create value from their unstructured data.
DataRobot is a cloud based machine learning service that takes much of the grunt out of predictive model building. It automatically searches for the best features, selects the most appropriate algorithms, tests the model and provides an API for model deployment. It takes best-in-class algorithms from R, Python, H20, Spark, and other sources, and employs text mining, variable type detection, encoding, imputation, scaling, transformation, and automated feature engineering. The infrastructure is massively powerful for rapid processing, and big data is well supported with certification on Cloudera Enterprise 5. A free community version is available at the time of writing.
Fuzzy.ai is an API that makes it easy for developers to build decision-making artificial intelligence without needing data science expertise or lots of data. Fuzzy.ai’s team have previously been involved with designing and building Gmail, Google Calendar, Drupal, WikiTravel and Breather. Fuzzy.ai is used for price optimization, recommendations, lead scoring and matching in 2-sided marketplaces.
Pavlov uses AI to make data science accessible via a web service.
PurePredictive uses AI to automate the machine learning process. The platform automates the discovery of data transformations and higher order relationships between data features and automatically accommodates data drift. The cloud platform scales automatically for workloads so that data sets of virtually any size can be accommodated. The models are easily consumed through web services, and can be automatically maintained to deal with changes in business conditions.
Scaled Inference – will be offering machine learning as a service, using AI to guide users through the process.
Seldon is an open source and platform-agnostic machine learning platform that helps data scientists build intelligence aided by AI.
|
<urn:uuid:4041ae47-1f09-43e7-9922-3a36b9ff804b>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.butleranalytics.com/5-ai-assisted-machine-learning-platforms/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00075.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.907538
| 554
| 2.359375
| 2
|
Researchers have used MRI imaging to map visual brain activity in stroke survivors with sight loss that gives new hope for rehabilitation and recovery.
Scientists from the University of Nottingham have revealed new insights by combining data from clinical sight tests with brain imaging to precisely map the areas of the brain affected by sight loss. This allows identification of visual brain areas where function could potentially be improved with rehabilitation. The research, which was funded by the charity Fight for Sight has been published today in Frontiers in Neuroscience.
Every year around 150,000 people in the UK have a stroke with roughly 30% experiencing some kind of sight loss as a result. Visual field loss is a common and devastating complication of cerebral strokes. This type of sight loss, called hemianopia, affects one side of a person’s vision and is caused by damage to the visual pathway in the brain.
A visual field test called perimetry is the current gold standard for measuring residual visual field coverage. However it has limitations. Its coverage is often coarse, it requires good attentional engagement of participants, and provides only indirect information about where in the visual pathway the key processing deficit is located. This limits the ability to identify potential strategies for visual rehabilitation – in terms of location in the visual field and the kinds of visual stimuli most likely to support recovery.
This new study combines detailed perimetry and multiple brain imaging datasets from four stroke survivors which shows that perimetry can be augmented with brain imaging data to provide a novel measure of residual visual field function. This combined approach provides potential for a personalized approach to therapy – guided by functional activity patterns in the post-stroke brain.
The research has been led by PhD student Anthony Beh from the University of Nottingham’s School of Psychology and supervised by Dr Denis Schluppeck, Dr Ben Webb and Prof Paul McGraw. Anthony explains: “A common misconception with stroke-related sight loss is that it affects vision through a particular eye. What is actually happening is that the eyes are seeing normally but the brain can’t process some of the information. This type of vision loss can be a particular problem for driving, reading or navigating a crowded space. It can also increase the risk of falls in older people. By exploring stroke-damaged brains with functional MRI and different kinds of visual stimulation, we found residual activity in the visual cortex, not detected by perimetry. This opens up possibilities for rehabilitation and offers new hope to stroke survivors.”
Dr Schluppeck adds: “By examining different types of brain scans we can actually see areas of ‘residual vision’ - places where the eyes and brain can still process images, even if this doesn’t reach awareness. Using MRI to pinpoint these areas of functional vision, clinicians could work with the stroke survivor and train them to recover some functionin that particular spot.”
The research also showed that the same visual field loss can be caused by very different patterns of brain damage. This highlights the need for individualised rehabilitation plans for stroke survivors.
Fight for Sight is the leading UK charity dedicated to stopping sight loss through pioneering research and funded this research project. Ikram Dahman, Chief Executive Officer (Interim) at Fight for Sight said: “This important research gives new and much-needed hope for people experiencing sight loss due to brain injury after a stroke. This work could truly be transformative in people’s recovery, helping to restore independence and improve overall quality of life. We look forward to the important outcomes of this study.”
Frontiers in Neuroscience
Method of Research
Subject of Research
Linking Multi-Modal MRI to Clinical Measures of Visual Field Loss After Stroke
Article Publication Date
|
<urn:uuid:6757fae8-97d3-4bf6-9082-481d60c3c310>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/939396
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00472.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.929498
| 774
| 2.765625
| 3
|
Find the general solution of the Bernoulli equation: dy/dx -y/x = (y^4 cosx/x^3)
A fully charged capacitor is discharged and the current i(t) flowing through a series of RC circuit at time t satisfying the equation: 1540 di/dt +800i =0. Given that E=115 V, draw the complete RC circuit and sketch the current (i) waveform.
Bernoulli Equation and Capacitor Current are investigated. The solution is detailed and well presented. The response received a rating of "5/5" from the student who originally posted the question.
|
<urn:uuid:203c817f-b1f0-4681-9a5d-5681b6235050>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://brainmass.com/math/calculus-and-analysis/bernoulli-equation-and-capacitor-current-69921
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00531-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.937544
| 133
| 2.734375
| 3
|
The Museum of Modern Art, New York. Alexander Calder: Sculptures and Constructions. 29 September 1943–16 January 1944.Solo Exhibition
Fundación del Museo Guggenheim Bilbao. Calder: Gravedad y la Gracia. 18 March–12 October 2003.Solo Exhibition
Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Calder and Abstraction: From Avant-Garde to Iconic. 24 November 2013–27 July 2014.Solo Exhibition
In 1937, Calder completed Devil Fish, his first stabile enlarged from a model. He received two important commissions: Mercury Fountain (1937) and Lobster Trap and Fish Tail (1939). His first retrospective was held in 1938 at the George Walter Vincent Smith Gallery in Springfield, Massachusetts, followed by another in 1943 at the Museum of Modern Art in New York.
|
<urn:uuid:b05d5525-0b04-4930-806d-c9845adf9eea>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://calder.org/works/standing-mobile/yucca-1941-2/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00478.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.901477
| 175
| 1.71875
| 2
|
Are You Experiencing Have Property Tax Debt?
Home fees, often called advertisement valorem taxes, investment Texas state, county and town governments, school systems as well as other activities. Home fees are evaluated at the time of January 1st every year, are theoretically due in October of the season these are generally evaluated, and they are susceptible to interest if you don’t prompt compensated (usually by February first of the season after evaluation). For instance, home fees for the 2016 taxation will be assessed on January 1, 2016, will technically be due on October 1, 2016, and will be considered late if not paid prior to February 1, 2017 year.
If home fees aren’t compensated later, interest accrues at a level of 12%. If home taxes aren’t compensated by June 30th of the year after assessment, a penalty is added. Making use of the exemplory instance of the 2016 taxation 12 months, interest will quickly accrue on February 1, 2017. Penalties, along with interest, should be charged in the event that fees aren’t compensated by June 30, 2017.
The taxing entity has a lien that is statutory the property taxed. The lien could be foreclosed if home fees aren’t compensated. Correctly, it’s important to spend home fees.
Numerous home loan organizations need borrowers to steadfastly keep up escrow reports to make certain re re payment of home fees. Federal regulations govern escrow accounts and accounting that is escrow.
Some mortgage businesses don’t require escrow records, but reserve the right to cover previous property that is due to safeguard their passions. The borrowers’ failure to pay property taxes may be considered a default in the mortgage and may lead to the property being posted for foreclosure in such events.
What exactly is your step that is next in Tax Debt?
If you fail to manage to make repayments on home fees, you ought to talk to a bankruptcy lawyer just before accepting taxation loans. Property tax loans have quite high interest and strict payment terms. It could be extremely tough to repay home taxation loans because of interest that is high. Home tax loans supply the loan provider a lien in your house. In the event that you get behind on payments to home taxation loan provider, they will have the power to foreclose in your house.
Texas legislation enables you to claim a taxation exemption for the homestead, that may considerably lower your home income tax obligation. Texans that are over 65 years old or that are disabled qualify for additional exemptions to their homesteads. These exemptions are not automated. You need to make an application for the exemptions along with your taxing that is local authority confirm each year that the exemptions will always be in position.
You may qualify to have your property taxes deferred under Texas law if you are over 65 years of age or disabled. This stops the taxing authority from gathering some or your entire fees, including taxes that are delinquent. As soon as your fees are deferred, the taxing authority nevertheless assesses fees each 12 months and fees interest from the quantities owed. Nonetheless, you are able to continue steadily to reside in the house without making re payments in the fees. If your house comes or during the time of your death, all deferred fees plus interest become due.
Keeling attorney frequently handles home taxation dilemmas. For a no cost consultation if you have a financial problem with your property taxes, contact us.
“Allow My Individuals Get”
A 30 moment movie through the Center for Responsible Lending following the journey Southern Dakota took to cap short-term interest prices at 36%. A 2012 study from Pew Charitable Trust unearthed that an average of borrowers sign up for 8 payday advances, of $375 each year, and invest $520 in interest. The customer Financial Protection Bureau describes a loan that is payday “a brief term, high expense loan, generally speaking, for $500 or less, this is certainly typically due in your next payday.”
Predatory Lending: A Week Ago Tonight
John Oliver (featuring Sarah Silverman) explains the predatory cycle of this lending that is payday in a quarter-hour of comedy.Contains explicit language.On February 27, 2019 home File 1501, which would cap the short-term loan APR at 36 per cent, had been relocated ahead by the House of Representatives Commerce Committee. Exodus Lending is pressing with this change that is legislative payday financing regulations since 2015 and now we are excited when it comes to opportunities that this bill has moving forward. Follow our buddy Jennifer in this quick movie from The Pew Charitable Trusts. She could be a fictional, blue, individual but her battle to escape payday loans without checking account in West Burlington, IA the cash advance financial obligation trap is a very real narrative that is way too typical. There are many payday and lenders that are title Alabama than hospitals, high schools, concert halls, and county courthouses combined.” In this 2019 report from Alabama Arise and Alabama Appleseed the tales from Alabamians and also the data surrounding payday lending can make you mad, break you down, to get you willing to produce modification.
Diane Standaert on Potential Changes to Payday Lending Rules How Borrowers Select and Repay payday advances
This report the next in Pew’s Payday Lending in America series responses questions regarding why borrowers choose pay day loans, the way they finally repay the loans, and just how they experience their experiences. The official web site associated with Minnesota attorney general warns its constituents contrary to the interest and charges connected with payday loan providers. This article reduces different difficulties with payday financing while offering advice to customers. Although unlawful in Minnesota, Exodus Lending has refinanced numerous title that is predatory produced in Wisconsin. Learn exactly about this as a type of predatory financing from the Center for Responsible Lending’s web site. Totally totally totally Free counseling that is financial debt consolidating programs, and an extensive understanding of regional resources are just the start of just just just what LSS is offering. As you of our closest organizational partners we incentivize our very own individuals for ending up in one of their financial counselors.
|
<urn:uuid:ed3ac943-fa38-4d12-a1bc-68cdbae4b317>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
http://www.tedximib.com/property-tax-debt-assist-in-houston-tx/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00470.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.95641
| 1,273
| 1.640625
| 2
|
When celluloid was first invented and became famous, and this was in the 1870s, almost all dolls were beating and fragile – biscuits, papier-mache, and wax, all these materials were easily broken. So it is not surprising that puppet companies began experimenting with celluloid rather quickly after its appearance. By the early 1900s, celluloid dolls were already numerous, as celluloid is easily formed and inexpensive to produce.
Today’s post is just an overview. While I was busy with orders, I have collected a few beautiful outfits for my dolls. Here they are my dolls. These dolls are made of a material called Celluloid. A bit of history about this stuff.
Celluloid – one of the first synthetic plastics ever created by man, and that in itself is remarkable.
By the early 1900 s celluloid dolls were already numerous, as celluloid is easily molded and inexpensive to manufacture. This plastic created on the basis of wood products that includes cellulose nitrate and camphor. First established in 1863, it has become a popular material for the manufacture of such items as decorations and dolls. The main period of production falls.
This plastic created on the basis of wood products that includes cellulose nitrate and camphor. First established in 1863, it has become a popular material for the manufacture of such items as decorations and dolls. The main period of production falls in the 1870-1930 years.
Celluloid was not the perfect plastic for made dolls. Celluloid is a flammable and easily spoiled when exposed to moisture. Also, it was too cracking and yellowing. Celluloid dolls are very diverse: the size can vary from 3-5 cm to meters for large Japanese celluloid baby dolls. The majority of plastic dolls are usually not too large, because of the lightness and fragility of the plastic. Therefore, in many collections of dollhouses, the most popular are miniature plastic dolls.
Hundreds of different companies have produced celluloid dolls in different countries – in Germany, France, Italy, Japan, the USA, and others. As I know, Germany began to produce them before anyone. later these dolls will make the USA and Japan. A well-known company for the production of celluloid dolls includes Rheinische Gummi und Celluloid Fabrik Co. (Germany, the sign of the turtle), Petitcolin (France) and Irwin (USA).
Dolls collection what you see in the photo, made in Germany, and marked ES.
Thanks for looking at my post! I will be glad to review it!
|
<urn:uuid:875b6935-ed49-416c-aa82-193db92f5e1d>
|
CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.creativhook.com/vintage-celluloid-dolls/?shared=email&msg=fail
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976733
| 533
| 1.976563
| 2
|
First case, gravity. A clock near sea level on the earth, an identical clock in open space, the clock in open space runs "faster" than the clock on the earth. Second case, acceleration. A rotating space station applies 1g of centrepital acceleration on a clock, and an identical clock is at located at the center of the space station, experiencing no acceleration (or rotation). Will there be the same difference in clock speeds in the space station case as the earth / open space case?
|
<urn:uuid:54e2da7d-82d2-449b-ace2-c530097d0b94>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/acceleration-or-gravitational-time-dilation-the-same.240365/
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940667
| 103
| 3.328125
| 3
|
Founding of the Institute
The Murphy Institute was established in the memory of Charles H. Murphy, Sr. (1870-1954) and inspired by the vision of Charles H. Murphy, Jr. (1920-2002). Operating in South Arkansas and North Louisiana, Mr. Murphy, Sr. launched family businesses in timber, banking, and oil exploration that were brought together in 1950 under the leadership of Charles H. Murphy, Jr. to become the Murphy Oil Corporation, a now worldwide oil and gas exploration and production company based in El Dorado, Arkansas.
It was Charles H. Murphy, Jr., who served as the Chair and driving force of the Tulane Murphy Foundation until the early 1990s, who envisioned the Murphy Institute as what it has in part become: an international force in reviving and replenishing “political economy” as Adam Smith first understood it: not just study of interconnections between politics and economics, but a rich interdisciplinary field in which economists, historians, moral philosophers, and political scientists make contributions of shared and equal interest.
The Murphy Institute is supported by the endowment of the Tulane Murphy Foundation. Original donors to the Foundation included Bertie W. Murphy, the widow of Charles H. Murphy, Sr., and their children and spouses: Johnie W. and Charles H. Murphy, Jr.; Bertie M. and John W. Deming; Caroline M. and Rt. Rev. Christoph Keller; and Theodosia M. and William C. Nolan.
The Murphy Institute seeks to educate students and the interested general public in the understanding and analysis of the most challenging economic, moral, and political problems of our time; to support and advance the finest applied research in public policy, public affairs, civic engagement; and to inspire and inform all of its constituencies through its programs, scholarship, instruction, and events with the objective of advancing human prosperity and well-being.
Within this broad purpose, the Murphy Institute supports a number of academic programs in the fields of political economy, ethics and public policy. Since 1984, it has sponsored a highly acclaimed undergraduate program in political economy which brings together economists, historians, philosophers, and political scientists committed to moving beyond traditional boundaries of their disciplines in a common search for new insights and new ways of studying the interconnections of politics and economics. Some 90-120 Tulane students annually enroll in the undergraduate political economy program, making it one of the most popular interdisciplinary majors at the University.
The demanding curriculum of this program includes courses drawn from economics, history, philosophy, and political science; it also requires completion of five ‘core’ political economy courses designed specifically for the major. The strength of the undergraduate program can be measured, in part, by the recognized excellence of its students.
To enrich teaching and research in political economy, the Murphy Institute also hosts conferences, seminars, and lectures by prominent public figures and visiting scholars. With Cambridge University Press, it sponsors “Murphy Institute Studies in Political Economy,” a series of occasional volumes comprising original essays by leading scholars in the United States and other countries. With Sage Publications, the Murphy Institute also sponsors PPE: A Journal of Politics, Philosophy & Economics. Published three times annually, PPE is a forum for scholarly interchange of concepts and methods among political scientists, philosophers, and economists interested in evaluating political economic institutions and practices.
In 2001, the Murphy Institute broadened its operations to establish the Center for Ethics and Public Affairs, which offers both Visiting Faculty Fellowships and Graduate Prize Fellowships. The idea driving the Center is that Tulane should have a place where faculty, students, and visitors can broadly examine critical issues of right and wrong, justice and injustice, citizenship and community, and the ethics of the professions. The Center’s annual Faculty Seminar provides a setting in which Faculty Fellows, Tulane faculty, and visiting scholars present new scholarship-in-progress.
In 2010 the Murphy Institute expanded its intellectual scope by creating the Center for Public Policy Research, a multi-disciplinary research center that balances academic research with applied work in the areas of healthcare, public finance, regulation, and education policy issues. This Center focuses on increasing public policy research, supporting external grant opportunities, and escalating campus and community outreach. The Center is enhanced by the systematic and rigorous analysis of social perspectives and alternatives that stem from Murphy’s other programs.
These three assets make the Murphy Institute a one-of-a-kind intellectual center that fosters ethical reflection on social values, an undergraduate education focused on political and economic dynamics, as well as research and outreach on public policy. These programs are united by their focus on research, teaching, and outreach to both the Tulane community and beyond, while building on the existing and significant strengths of affiliated faculty. Together they enrich the scope of analysis, thought, and discussion on campus, setting the Murphy Institute apart from any other institute throughout the country.
|
<urn:uuid:e2e19851-5011-43f0-a7f8-3fd3a0cc3bba>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://murphy.tulane.edu/about/history
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00552-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.940595
| 1,009
| 1.875
| 2
|
COAL MINE FATALITY
- On Saturday, May 29, a section foreman with 30 years mining experience, was seriously injured while attempting to help a roof bolting machine operator remove a 48-inch drill steel that was stuck in a drill hole in the mine roof. The victim was using a 24-inch extension to try and dislodge the drill steel. He came in contact with the rotation lever for the roof bolt machine and his right hand and rubber coated glove wrapped around the extension, resulting in severe injuries to his right hand and forearm. The injuries were not considered life threatening, but did require surgery and extensive physical therapy. Approximately five months later, another surgery was performed to help relieve the pain in his right hand. The victim died in the hospital following the surgery on October 31,1999. Since the surgery was being performed as a result of a job related injury, the fatality was charged to the mining industry.
Wear proper gloves for the task. Gloves worn while performing roof bolting operations should not be loose or made of a material such as rubber that can increase friction.
Never grip the drill steel while it is rotating.
This is the 35th fatality reported in calendar year 1999 in the coal mining industry. The accident occurred on May 29 and resulted in a fatality on October 31, 1999. As of May 29, 1998, there were 10 fatalities. There were 29 fatalities for the calendar year 1998.
For more information:
MSHA's Fatal Accident
Investigation Report [FTL99C35]
|
<urn:uuid:9c1e35b8-e95d-4a97-9e05-1973033c7580>
|
CC-MAIN-2017-04
|
http://arlweb.msha.gov/FATALS/1999/FAB99C35.htm
|
s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00338-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.976204
| 315
| 2.15625
| 2
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.