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We are currently undergoing maintenance, all user specific funtions will be disabled for a short time. Sorry for the inconvenience. The LORD came and stood there, calling as at the other times, “Samuel! Samuel!” Then Samuel said, “Speak, for your servant is listening.” References for 1 Samuel 3:10 Scripture quoted by permission. Quotations designated (NIV) are from THE HOLY BIBLE: NEW INTERNATIONAL VERSION®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica. All rights reserved worldwide. (New International Version Bible Online)	<urn:uuid:adc4d834-24e2-4156-b01e-ead87f907f86>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.biblestudytools.com/1-samuel/3-10.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.905829	135	1.671875	2
The spine is designed to protect the spinal cord. However, the spaces between the bones can narrow due to injury or aging, leading to a condition called spinal stenosis. It can induce pressure on the nerves that spread out from your spine, causing different symptoms that get worse with time. Worry no more as an interventional pain specialist in Houston provides treatments that relieve spinal stenosis symptoms. How is spinal stenosis diagnosed? Your doctor reviews your medical history, asks about the symptoms you are experiencing, and conducts a physical exam. While doing a physical exam, your doctor feels your spine by pressing it on different areas to see if you feel pain. Your doctor will ask you to bend in various directions to check if different spine positions bring pain or other symptoms. He also checks your balance, watches how you walk and move, and checks your leg and arm strength. Your provider will do imaging tests to examine the spine and know the exact location, extent, and type of the problem. Some of the imaging tests include: X-rays: it uses a small amount of radiation and shows changes in the bone structure, as the development of bone spurs and disk height narrows the spine’s spaces. MRI: MRI uses radio waves and magnets to create images of the spine. MRI images give detailed images of the discs, spinal cord, nerves, and presence of tumors. CT or CT myelogram: this scan is a combination of imaging that creates cross-sectional images of the vertebrae. What causes spinal stenosis? - Arthritic spurs or bone overgrowth Osteoarthritis is a condition that breaks down the cartilage in the joints, the spine included. Cartilage is the cover that protects the joints. When the cartilage wears, the bones start to rub against one another. The body responds by growing another bone. An overgrowth of the bone or bone spurs commonly occurs. Bone spurs extend to the spinal canal, pinching nerves and narrowing the space in the spine. - Bulging or herniated disk Between every vertebra is a round, flat cushioning pad that acts as a shock absorber on the spine. Age-related flattening and drying out of vertebral disks and cracking on the outer part of the disk cause the disks’ gel-like center to tear or break the outer layer. The bulging disk presses on the nerves near the disk. Symptoms of spinal stenosis You may or may not have symptoms when spinal stenosis develops. Narrowing of the spinal canal is always a slow process and gets worse with time. Spinal stenosis can happen anywhere along the spine. Some lower back spinal stenosis symptoms include back pain, tingling or numbness in a leg or foot, weakness in the leg or foot, and cramping or pain in one or both legs. Other symptoms of spinal stenosis in the neck include neck pain, problems with walking and balance, and tingling in a hand or arm. Many people with spinal stenosis live active lives, but they must adjust their routine exercise or daily activities to assist in managing the symptoms of spinal stenosis. Your healthcare provider can prescribe medications, surgery treatments, or physical therapy to relieve pain and other symptoms. Talk with your doctor to know more about spinal stenosis causes and treatment options. Limited Options for COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Victims Rolling out vaccines and booster shots across the U.S. marked crucial milestones in terms of healthcare and fighting the spread of COVID-19. However, an essential element is still missing: legal recourse for those who experience serious adverse side effects. Current COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Claims Currently, there are more than 1,300 pending injury claims related to side effects from the COVID-19 vaccine. They are waiting to be heard by the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, a government tribunal that handles public health emergencies. To date, this tribunal has only handled two such cases. One alleged the plaintiff suffered from severe tongue and throat swelling following the vaccine, while the other alleged long-term shoulder pain. Plaintiffs lost both cases and were denied compensation. Given the comparatively new nature of the COVID-19 vaccine, it is challenging for plaintiffs to prove that their injuries directly resulted from the vaccine. Combined with the lack of research on long-term side effects, it is unlikely that plaintiffs will be able to meet this burden of proof anytime in the near future. How COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Claims Are Handled Of interest is that claims related to the COVID-19 vaccine are being heard by the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program (CICP) instead of the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, a no-fault government tribunal; known colloquially as “vaccine court.” Formed in the late 1980s, the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program responded to diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) vaccine claims. Pharmaceutical companies were listed as defendants in lawsuits related to vaccine side effects. However, the government created a separate entity to handle such cases when manufacturers threatened to stop producing vaccines altogether. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) clarified that the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program could not hear cases until the COVID-19 vaccine has been recommended for routine administration to children, per a 1986 vaccine law. Additionally, the COVID-19 vaccine would have to be subject to the same 75-cent tax imposed on other vaccines. Compensation From the CICP There are several differences between the two tribunals, which plaintiffs claim make the CICP inappropriate for COVID-19 vaccine injury litigation. Of these, compensation is one of the biggest causes for concern. The Vaccine Injury Compensation Program has awarded injured plaintiffs more than $4 billion since its inception. In comparison, the CICP has only awarded compensation for 29 of 455 cases— that means that 92 percent of plaintiffs are deemed ineligible or denied compensation. Compensation ranged from $31 to nearly $2.3 million, with a median award of roughly $5,600. This is partly because compensation options from the CICP are much more limited. Plaintiffs can only claim lost wages and out-of-pocket medical expenses up to $50,000 per year or death benefits up to $370,376 in the case of a vaccine-related fatality. Differences Between Vaccine Injury Compensation Programs Below are other key differences between the Vaccine Injury Compensation Program and the Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program: - Plaintiffs do not have the opportunity to testify in court - There is no independent judge or jury present - Pain and suffering-related damages are not covered - There is a limited right to appeal one’s case This means that plaintiffs who file a case related to injuries allegedly caused by the COVID-19 vaccine are offered less compensation, less legal representation, and less recourse through appeals as opposed to plaintiffs who file a case for injuries caused by any other vaccine. Still, if you are experiencing symptoms related to the COVID-19 vaccine, it may be in your best interest to speak with an injury attorney. - Interview with Omar Choudhury: The 22-Year-Old Million Dollar Business Growth Expert August 16, 2022 - Benefits of Using Dry Suction Technology For Gear Equipment August 14, 2022 - Traumatic Brain Injuries A Common Occurrence In The US. Here Is Why August 13, 2022 - Limited Options for COVID-19 Vaccine Injury Victims August 13, 2022 - Why Accidents Involving Self-Driving Cars Are So Complex August 13, 2022 - Dangerous Dog Attack Lawsuits: What You Need to Know August 13, 2022 - Gun-Related Deaths Surge During the Pandemic August 13, 2022 - Tribal Loans in US market August 11, 2022 - The marketing industry is dominated by Aidan Sowa August 9, 2022 - Ali Mustafa Ahmad’s Story Truly One Of Rags To Riches; Filled With Inspiration Towards Those Seeking Change! 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Entertainment3 years ago Avengers Endgame now Available on 123Movies for Download & Streaming for Free	<urn:uuid:a677f82a-fb0c-4c4f-85ec-6419bb87b0f0>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.bigtimedaily.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-spinal-stenosis/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00667.warc.gz	en	0.917313	1,885	2.921875	3
New York, NY (PRWEB) February 10, 2014 The Washington beltway turned a deaf ear to artists' rights until one guy, one activist, wrote the words "I Respect Music" on an index card and showed it to the world. Now, thousands upon thousands of music makers and music lovers are standing together and making history by adding their names to a petition that is not only shaking up the music world, it's shaking up Congress. The petition, written and launched from the laptop of artist and musician Blake Morgan, has gone viral at an unprecedented pace. Everyday working musicians, music fans, music organizations, and luminaries like David Byrne, Patrick Stewart, Gavin DeGraw, Jean Michele Jarre, Marc Ribot, Roseanne Cash, Mike Mills, John McCrea, Civil Twilight, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, and countless others have voiced their support by both signing the petition and posting or tweeting a "selfie" with the hashtag: #IRespectMusic. "The idea for 'I Respect Music' was born in an Op-ed I wrote for the Huffington Post in mid-December," says Morgan (article here: http://huff.to/1gItlZW) . "Once the article went viral and passed 40,000 'likes,' it was clear that idea––and those three words––had resonated far more deeply than anyone could have expected." Blake Morgan is no stranger to how democracy works in the modern age, or to winning a David vs. Goliath struggle for artists' rights. The I Respect Music campaign follows his whistle-blowing victory over Internet radio giant Pandora, which led to the multi-billion dollar company abandoning its own signature legislation in Washington which would have reduced artists' pay by up to 85% (article here: http://huff.to/1iMROLL). "Many are surprised to learn that the United States is the only democratic country in the world where artists don’t get paid for radio airplay. And, that the short list of countries that share the United States’ position on this issue includes Iran, North Korea, China, Vietnam, and Rwanda." Morgan adds, "What's more, as a result of not paying their artists for radio airplay here in the United States, other democratic countries aren’t paying American artists in their countries." "Art is one of the United States' top five exports. It's one of the few things the United States still makes that the world still wants," says Morgan. "So it's not just rock stars who aren't getting paid, we're talking about millions of working class artists and musicians, as well as millions more who are––or used to be––employed through music: electricians, carpenters, bus drivers. This isn't just about music, it's about American jobs, and American exceptionalism." Blake Morgan is available for interviews. We can provide multiple images of people holding up an #IRespectMusic sign. To sign the petition, please visit http://www.irespectmusic.org.	<urn:uuid:7eddf0e0-ef25-42ce-a7b0-5b78bae76c9b>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.prweb.com/releases/2014/02/prweb11570349.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.958272	637	2	2
WASHINGTON — The House and the Senate voted overwhelmingly on Thursday to approve a $1 billion aid package for Ukraine, but Congress’s near unanimity on its modest package of aid and sanctions on Russia masked deep divisions on what the government should do next to confront President Vladimir V. Putin. The bills, which were nearly identical, passed by 399 to 19 in the House and by 98 to 2 in the Senate. President Obama has said he will sign the legislation, which includes new sanctions against Russians and Ukrainians who provided support to Russia in its annexation of the Crimea region of Ukraine. “This bill is a first step toward supporting the Ukrainians and our Central and Eastern European partners, and imposing truly significant costs on Moscow,” the House majority leader, Representative Eric Cantor of Virginia, said in a floor speech. But the next steps are unclear. Senator Bob Corker of Tennessee, the ranking Republican on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, said that “we’re appearing a little bit cautious today.” The United States’ $1 billion in loan guarantees is dwarfed by the $18 billion in loans that the International Monetary Fund has provisionally agreed to provide and the $15 billion promised by the European Union. With Mr. Putin’s troops massed on the border with Ukraine, lawmakers in both parties called for more aggressive sanctions on Russia, including penalties for the banking and energy sectors. Some senators pressed for increased military assistance to Ukraine and an expanded NATO force in Eastern Europe. And Republicans called for flooding Europe with liquefied natural gas to break the Continent’s dependence on Russia. “We’ve got to do this now, because once he goes in, what are we going to do, put boots on the ground?” asked Senator Kelly Ayotte, Republican of New Hampshire. But voices just as adamant urged caution, and few lawmakers said they were eager for a military confrontation. Mr. Corker said more punitive actions should be threatened only if Russia moved farther into Ukraine or threatened neighbors like Moldova. Senator Benjamin L. Cardin of Maryland, another member of the Foreign Relations Committee, said military assistance to a Ukrainian force of about 6,000 trained troops against the Russian military would be fruitless. “A lot depends on what Russia does,” Mr. Cardin said. “If this becomes a frozen conflict involving only Crimea, I don’t know how much more we will see from us.” Congress will try to reconcile the two bills that passed on Thursday. Senator Robert Menendez of New Jersey, the chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, said a path had been cleared to get the bill to the president before the end of the week. To match the two bills, the Senate will move to pass a House bill to authorize the broadcast of Western news programs into Ukraine and the region, and the House will take up the Senate aid-and-sanctions bill in order to pass it by a voice vote on Friday. In addition to providing money to Ukraine, the bills would formalize sanctions authorized recently by Mr. Obama and expand the list of individuals and entities targeted for sanctions. Unlike the president’s executive order last week, the Senate’s sanctions are mandatory and do not grant Mr. Obama latitude to choose which penalties to apply. The bill also makes mandatory the application of sanctions on any Russian official found to have engaged in corruption in Ukraine, a broader category than any applied by the administration. The Senate measure would give the administration more flexibility to apply economic sanctions against any Russian official engaged in corrupt activity and anyone who assists in such activities. In all, with financing provided by the International Monetary Fund, the United States and the European Union, Ukraine stands to receive up to $27 billion to help it avoid default and to carry it through emergency presidential elections in May.	<urn:uuid:f042830f-ae03-4b89-b8b0-11be680b5a97>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://mobile.nytimes.com/2014/03/28/world/europe/senate-approves-1-billion-in-aid-for-ukraine.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00200-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.955988	789	1.515625	2
Nissan built the first Patrols in the 1950s, and were designed for various purposes, mainly military. The soft-top Nissan Patrol 60( two door Wheel Base 2200 mm ) and G60 ( two door Wheel Base 2500 mm ) were first sold in Australia in 1960. Left-hand drive model L60 / GL60 was sold outside of Australia. The 60 series was the first vehicle to drive across the Simpson Desert in Australia. In 1963, the KG60 ( and KGL60 ) hard-top models were introduced. The short wheel base version or the Utility version, has been the "Winch Challenge" competitors vehicle of choice, due to its inherent driveline strength, ease of modification, relative light weight, and popularity. 160, Y60 and Y61 series were sold in Japan under the name Nissan Safari, from 1980 to 2007. Until 1994, Ford rebadged the Australian version of the Y60 (GQ) Patrol, as the Maverick. In some European countries the Nissan Patrol was for a short while marketed as Ebro Patrol. The Indian Army used the Nissan Patrol 1952 model under the light truck category. The name as per the Indian army records is Jonga. Under license from Nissan, the Indian government indigenously produced these vehicles, in their Vehicle Factory at Jabalpur. Jonga has been replaced by the lighter Mahindra & Mahindra jeeps. Most army auctioned pieces have also been scrapped by their subsequent civilian owners. Hence the Jonga is becoming a rarity. You will find some Jongas in the hill stations along the Himalayas like Darjeeling, ferrying passengers from the foothills and winding up the mountain roads. The Icelandic expeditionary forces deployed on a peacekeeping mission in Afghanistan since 2004 used heavily modified Nissan Patrol for mobile observation missions in mountainous areas in Northern Afghanistan. The Irish Army and other branches of the Defence Forces use the Nissan Patrol as their main utility vehicle. The 260 series was first delivered in 1989 as a replacement for the Land Rover 109 and 110. All were modified to reflect their military function and many were fitted for radio. Duties include escorting vehicles in military convoys and towing support weapons into and out of action. The newer GRTD6 has been in service since 2000 although some of the 260 series still remain in service. The 260 series has better off-road capabilities and is therefore retained by the army off-road driving school. Most of the 260 series had 24 volt alternators and so were not fitted with civilian radio. This made them unpopular with many drivers, not surprisingly. Defence forces mechanics have modified them to take a second 12V alternator as to enable them to power radio batteries.	<urn:uuid:5d6291dc-bc07-4b02-ad48-55ba28342c10>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.cars-directory.net/gallery/nissan/safari/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00386-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.968861	557	2.21875	2
The Not-So-Dependable Sales Tax \|Photo illustration by iStock\| Washington State has long been an attractive place to live — and not just because of its evergreen trees and snow-capped mountains. It's one of nine states without a personal income tax, and this can translate into substantial savings for residents. But the state has always had to make up the lost revenue somehow. It has done so by relying more heavily than any other state on the sales tax, which is levied at a 6.5-percent rate — more than that in some localities — and generates nearly 62 percent of the state's overall revenue. The problem is, the sales tax is no longer paying Washington's bills. Receipts dropped sharply during the Great Recession, forcing Governor Chris Gregoire to make a series of deep spending cuts. The latest round of budget-slashing, announced last month, amounts to a 6.3 percent spending reduction across state government, and is expected to result in hundreds of employee layoffs. Meanwhile, a citizens' initiative next month asks voters to do the unthinkable: bring Washington more in line with the rest of the country by creating an income tax, albeit only for the wealthiest residents. Initiative 1098, as the proposal is known, would create a 5-percent tax rate on annual income above $200,000 a year for individuals and $400,000 for couples, and a 9-percent rate on income exceeding $500,000 for individuals and $1 million for couples. The proposal has been polling surprisingly well. "We've got a fairly strong history against the income tax in our state," says Marty Brown, the state budget director. "I don't think anybody would have guessed that (Initiative 1098) would be doing as well as it is." That Washington is seriously considering an income tax is a stark reflection of just how poorly its sales tax collections have fared. This is the same reality being discovered by budget writers in other states. More than economists expected, the current downturn has rattled consumer confidence and challenged the commonly held notion that the sales tax, unlike personal and corporate income taxes, is a relatively stable one for state budgets. Eight states — Arizona, Florida, Hawaii, Nevada, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas and Washington — rely on a sales tax for more than half of their overall revenue collections. In Tennessee, sales tax receipts declined in 2009 for the first time ever. In Texas, plummeting sales tax revenue has opened up a hole in the budget that could exceed $20 billion over two years, as Stateline reported earlier this month . Even in Wyoming, which has coasted above the fiscal crisis for much of the last few years because of strong severance tax collections on natural resources, sales tax revenue came out $150 million short of projections last fiscal year — a significant number considering Wyoming's total budget is less than $2 billion a year. Jim Robinson, a state economist, says "it's going to take four or five years at least to get back to where we were a year ago" in sales tax collections. Why such poor results? Economists are surprised by the deep shortage of consumer confidence that has been at the root of poor sales tax collections. Jim Eads, the outgoing head of the Federation of Tax Administrators, an organization of state tax collectors, believes that the combination of a deep recession and a media environment that obsesses over each economic report has frightened consumers into saving more and spending less, even if they have the money to make purchases. "Bad news travels fast, and in this day and age, it travels ubiquitously to everybody," Eads says. "The reinforcement of bad news can become a kind of self-fulfilling prophecy." But Eads and others acknowledge there are policy reasons for poor sales tax collections, too. For one thing, 36 states do not collect sales tax on groceries . Many of the other 14 states tax groceries at a reduced rate or provide some form of tax rebate on them. While lawmakers from both political parties defend grocery exemptions, arguing that they help poorer residents, it is hard to dispute that taxing necessities — which sell reliably even during tough times- would provide a more stable source of revenue for states. South Carolina and Wyoming are among the states that decided to exempt groceries from the sales tax when times were good. Now, such exemptions have helped turn the sales tax into "a roller coaster that very much resembles the income tax," says Bill Ahern, communications director of the Tax Foundation, which advocates for lower tax rates. "I don't think it has really sunk in that by enacting (grocery tax exemptions), these states have left their sales tax base dominated by discretionary purchase items that people do without in a crunch," Ahern says. Another piece of the puzzle is the way states treat the broad range of services that now make up a huge portion of the national economy. Sales taxes initially were designed when the economy was based on manufacturing, and tax structures have not kept up with the continuing evolution toward services. The rise of the Internet has further allowed many goods and services to go untaxed. Pennsylvania Governor Ed Rendell drew attention to his state's peculiar tax structure in February, when he launched an unsuccessful push to lower the sales tax but apply it to more services. "If you do your own laundry, the laundry detergent is subject to the sales tax," Rendell noted in his executive budget address to lawmakers . "But if you have your laundry done, it's sales tax free." Will policymakers react? One of the underpinnings of sound tax policy, according to experts on both sides of the political spectrum, is diversification: taxing many sources, but at rates as low as possible. Having a diversified tax base allows governments to minimize their risks in economic hard times. Some states have responded to flagging sales tax collections this year by trying to broaden their base — or, failing that, by raising existing rates. New York, for example, eliminated sales tax exemptions for clothing and footwear, while Arizona voters signed off on a temporary, 1-cent-per-dollar increase in the sales tax in May . Many of the states that have suffered worst during this downturn, economists point out, are those that have too many of their eggs in one revenue basket. Oregon, for example, has no sales tax and relies more heavily than any other state on the volatile personal income tax, which is closely tied to unemployment. Since Oregon's jobless rate is among the highest in the nation, its revenue drop has been steep, forcing lawmakers to raise income tax rates to the tune of $727 million just to keep up. But creation of a sales tax does not appear to be on the horizon: Voters in Oregon have rejected a statewide sales tax nine times. Next year's legislative sessions are sure to bring more discussion of how to stabilize and diversify state tax systems. Already, there is talk in Idaho of reducing or eliminating the state's grocery tax credit, which helps residents pay their bills but costs the state $100 million a year. In South Carolina, a tax reform commission has recommended re-instituting the state's tax on groceries to provide more reliable revenue. Many tax and budget experts, however, see little chance of lawmakers kicking off 2011 by raising taxes, particularly on such basic items as food. "It doesn't look good for much tax reform in this upcoming session," says Burnie Maybank, the chairman of the South Carolina tax commission — though he is holding out hope for changes later down the line.	<urn:uuid:ec9fea8c-d722-495f-97a3-a7b4485fbc2e>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2010/10/27/the-notsodependable-sales-tax	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.973601	1,546	2.09375	2
If you saw this on top of your local McDonald's, would it make you more likely to pull over for a burger and fries? I have to admit that it would work on me. Not enough to actually buy a salmonella puck and a cup of corn sugar, but maybe I'd try a salad. Or, you know, one of those new "healthy" Happy Meals. This wind turbine sits atop an experimental "green" McDonald's in Achim, Germany. On the one hand, it's a cynical ploy to make us feel all right about eating some of the least sustainable food on the planet. On the other hand, in a sustainable future, wind turbines and solar panels will be absolutely everywhere, so it's also a sign of things to come. Get Grist in your inbox	<urn:uuid:514c17cb-8744-4b97-989d-be5e42ec48cd>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://grist.org/article/2011-08-23-does-this-wind-turbine-make-mcdonalds-ass-look-green/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00147-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.963616	164	1.898438	2
The current logo for BT, introduced in 2003. \|Public limited company\| London, United Kingdom Sir Michael Rake\| \|Revenue\|\|£17.851 billion (2015)\| \|£3.733 billion (2015)\| \|Profit\|\|£2.135 billion (2015)\| \|Total assets\|\|$38.09 billion (2016)\| Number of employees BT Group plc (trading as BT) is a holding company which owns British Telecommunications plc, a British multinational telecommunications services company with head offices in London, United Kingdom. It has operations in around 180 countries. BT's origins date back to the founding of the Electric Telegraph Company in 1846 which developed a nationwide communications network. In 1912, the General Post Office, a government department, became the monopoly telecoms supplier in the United Kingdom. The Post Office Act of 1969 led to the GPO becoming a public corporation. British Telecommunications, trading as British Telecom, was formed in 1980, and became independent of the Post Office in 1981. British Telecommunications was privatised in 1984, becoming British Telecommunications plc, with some 50 percent of its shares sold to investors. The Government sold its remaining stake in further share sales in 1991 and 1993. BT has a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange, a secondary listing on the New York Stock Exchange, and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. BT controls a number of large subsidiaries. BT Global Services division supplies telecoms services to corporate and government customers worldwide, and its BT Consumer division supplies telephony, broadband, and subscription television services in Great Britain to around 18 million customers. BT announced in February 2015 that it had agreed to acquire EE for £12.5 billion, and received final regulatory approval from the Competition and Markets Authority on 15 January 2016. The transaction was completed on 29 January 2016. Most of BT's profits are generated by its Openreach subsidiary, which controls the UK's 'last mile' copper infrastructure. Since 2005, BT have been accused of abusing their control of Openreach, particularly by underinvesting in the UK's broadband infrastructure, charging high prices and providing poor customer service. BT's origins date back to the establishment of the first telecommunications companies in Britain. Among them was the first commercial telegraph service, the Electric Telegraph Company, established in 1846. As these companies amalgamated and were taken over or collapsed, the remaining companies were transferred to state control under the Post Office in 1912. These companies were merged and rebranded as British Telecom. 1878 to 1969 In January 1878 Alexander Graham Bell demonstrated his recently developed telephone to Queen Victoria at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. A few days later the first telephone in Britain was installed, under licence from the General Post Office, by engineers from David Moseley and Sons, to connect the Dantzic Street premises of Manchester hardware merchant, Mr. John Hudson, with his other premises in nearby Shudehill. As the number of installed telephones across the country grew it became sensible to consider constructing telephone exchanges to allow all the telephones in each city to be connected together. The first exchange was opened in London in August 1879, closely followed by the Lancashire Telephonic Exchange in Manchester. From 1878, the telephone service in Britain was provided by private sector companies such as the National Telephone Company, and later by the General Post Office. In 1896, the National Telephone Company was taken over by the General Post Office. In 1912 it became the primary supplier of telecommunications services, after the Post Office took over the private sector telephone service in GB, except for a few local authority services. Those services all folded within a few years, the sole exception being Kingston upon Hull, where the telephone department became present day KCOM Group. Converting the Post Office into a nationalised industry, as opposed to a governmental department, was first discussed in 1932 by Lord Wolmer. In 1932 the Bridgeman Committee produced a report that was rejected. In 1961, more proposals were ignored. The Post Office remained a department of central government, with the Postmaster General sitting in Cabinet as a Secretary of State. In March 1965, Tony Benn, the acting Postmaster General, wrote to Harold Wilson, the Prime Minister, proposing that studies be undertaken aimed at converting the Post Office into a nationalised industry. A committee was set up to look into the advantages and disadvantages of the proposal, and its findings were found to be favourable enough for the Government to re-establish a Steering Group on the Organisation of the Post Office. After some initial deliberations that the business should be divided into five divisions; Post, Telecommunications, Savings, Giro and National Data Processing Services, it was decided that there should be two: Post and Telecommunications. These events finally resulted in the introduction of the Post Office Act, 1969. On 1 October 1969, under the Post Office Act of 1969, the Post Office ceased to be a government department and it became established as a public corporation. The Act gave the Post Office the exclusive privilege of operating telecommunications systems with listed powers to authorise others to run such systems. Effectively, the General Post Office retained its telecommunications monopoly. 1969 to 1982 In 1977, the Carter Committee Report recommended a further division of the two main services and for their relocation under two individual corporations. The findings contained in the report led to the renaming of Post Office Telecommunications as British Telecommunications (trading as British Telecom) in 1980, although it remained part of the Post Office. The British Telecommunications Act 1981 transferred the responsibility for telecommunications services from the Post Office, creating two separate corporations, Post Office Ltd. and British Telecommunications. At this time the first steps were taken to introduce competition into British telecommunications industry. In particular, the Act empowered the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, as well as British Telecommunications, to license other operators to run public telecommunications systems. Additionally, a framework was established which enabled the Secretary of State to set standards with the British Standards Institution (BSI) for apparatus supplied to the public by third parties, and had the effect of requiring British Telecommunications to connect approved apparatus to its systems. The Secretary of State made use of these new powers and began the process of opening up the apparatus supply market, where a phased programme of liberalisation was started in 1981. In 1982, a licence was granted to Cable & Wireless to run a public telecommunications network through its subsidiary, Mercury Communications Ltd. 1982 to 1991 On 19 July 1982, the Government formally announced its intention to privatise British Telecommunications with the sale of up to 51% of the company's shares to private investors. This intention was confirmed by the passing of the Telecommunications Act 1984, which received Royal Assent on 12 April that year. The transfer to British Telecommunications plc of the business of British Telecommunications, the statutory corporation, took place on 6 August 1984 and, on 20 November 1984, more than 50 per cent of British Telecommunications shares were sold to the public. At the time, this was the largest share issue in the world. The new legislation was intended to enable British Telecommunications to become more responsive to competition in GB and to expand its operations globally. Commercial freedom granted to British Telecommunications allowed it to enter into new joint ventures and, if it so decided, to engage in the manufacture of its own apparatus. The company's transfer into the private sector continued in December 1991 when the Government sold around half its remaining holding of 47.6% of shares, reducing its stake to 21.8%. Substantially all the government's remaining shares were sold in a third flotation in July 1993, raising £5 billion for the Treasury and introducing 750,000 new shareholders to the company. The 1984 Act also abolished British Telecommunications's exclusive privilege of running telecommunications systems and established a framework to safeguard the workings of competition. This meant that British Telecommunications finally lost its monopoly in running telecommunications systems, which it had technically retained under the 1981 Act despite the Secretary of State's licensing powers. It now required a licence in the same way as any other telecommunications operator. The principal licence granted to British Telecommunications laid down strict and extensive conditions affecting the range of its activities, including those of manufacture and supply of apparatus. In 1985, Cellnet was launched as a subsidiary of Telecom Securicor Cellular Radio Limited, a 60:40 venture between British Telecommunications and Securicor respectively. Securicor originally invested £4 million in Cellnet in 1983. In 1999, BT purchased Securicor's shares in Cellnet for £3.15 billion. The company was later rebranded as BT Cellnet, and became a part of BT Wireless, a group of subsidiary companies owned by BT. The next major development for British Telecommunications, and a move towards a more open market in telecommunications, occurred in 1991. On 5 March, the Government's White Paper, "Competition and Choice: Telecommunications Policy" for the 1990s, was issued. In effect, it ended the duopoly which had been shared by British Telecommunications and Mercury Communications in the UK since November 1983 and the build-up to privatisation. The new policy enabled customers to acquire telecommunications services from competing providers using a variety of technologies. Independent "retail" companies were permitted to bulk-buy telecommunications capacity and sell it in packages to business and domestic users. The White Paper was endorsed by British Telecommunications, the new policy enabling the company to compete freely and more effectively by offering flexible pricing packages to meet the needs of different types of customer. 1991 to 2001 In June 1994, BT and MCI Communication Corporation, the second largest carrier of long distance telecommunications services in the United States, launched Concert Communications Services, a $1 billion joint venture company. This alliance gave BT and MCI a global network for providing end-to-end connectivity for advanced business services. Concert was the first company to provide a single-source broad portfolio of global communications services for multinational customers. On 3 November 1996, BT and MCI announced they had entered into a merger agreement to create a global telecommunications company called Concert plc, to be incorporated in GB, with headquarters in both London and Washington, D.C. As part of the alliance BT acquired a 20% holding in MCI. Nevertheless, following U.S. carrier WorldCom's rival bid for MCI on 1 October 1997, BT ultimately decided in November, to sell its stake in MCI to WorldCom for $7 billion. The deal with WorldCom resulted in a profit of more than $2 billion on BT's original investment in MCI, with an additional $465 million severance fee for the break-up of the proposed merger. In December 2000, following modifications to BT’s licence in April 2000, BT offered local loop unbundling (LLU) to other telecommunications operators, enabling them to use BT’s copper local loops (the connection between the customer’s premises and the exchange) to connect directly with their customers. 2001 to 2006 Following the dot com crash, the group undertook a board restructuring and asset sale to address its large debts. In May 2001, BT announced a three-for-ten rights issue to raise £5.9 billion—still GB's largest ever rights issue—and the sale of Yell Group, the international directories and associated e-commerce business, for £2.14 billion. Both activities were completed in June 2001. The group also sold its property portfolio to Telereal, a property company. BT renamed its BT Wireless division as O2 in September 2001, and confirmed it planned to demerge the unit in November that year. Shareholders approved the demerger at an extraordinary general meeting held in Birmingham in October 2001, with 4.297 billion British Telecommunications shares voted in favour, and 0.67 million voted against. BT Wireless demerged in 2001, and was relaunched on 18 June 2002 as O2. O2 was acquired by Telefónica in 2007. In April 2003, BT unveiled its current corporate identity, known as the "Connected World", and brand values. Reflecting the aspirations of a technologically innovative future, the connected world is designed to embody BT’s five corporate values: trustworthy, helpful, inspiring, straightforward, heart. The globe device part of the logo was originally designed by the Wolff Olins brand consultancy for BT's Concert joint venture with AT&T, and was subsequently used by BT's internet division, Openworld, prior to being adopted by the company as a whole. The Communications Act, 2003, which came into force on 25 July 2003, introduced a new industry regulator, the Office of Communications (Ofcom), to replace the Office of Telecommunications (Oftel). It also introduced a new regulatory framework. The licensing regime was replaced by a general authorisation for companies to provide telecommunications services subject to general conditions of entitlement and, in some instances, specific conditions. Under a specific condition BT retained its universal service obligation (USO) for GB, excluding the Hull area. The USO included connecting consumers to the fixed telephone network, schemes for consumers with special social needs, and the provision of call box services. In the summer of 2004, BT launched Consult 21, an industry consultation for BT’s 21st century network (21CN) programme. 21CN is a next-generation network transformation, that, at one time, was due for completion by the end of 2010. Using internet protocol technology, 21CN will replace the existing networks and communications from any device such as mobile phone, PC, PDA, or home phone, to any other device. In 2004, BT was awarded the contract to deliver and manage N3, a secure and fast broadband network for the NHS National Programme for IT (NPfIT) program, on behalf of the English National Health Service (NHS). In 2005 BT made a number of important acquisitions. In February 2005, BT acquired Infonet (now re-branded BT Infonet), a large telecoms company based in El Segundo, California, giving BT access to new geographies. It also acquired the second largest telecoms operator in the Italian business market, Albacom. Then in April 2005, it bought Radianz from Reuters (now rebranded as BT Radianz), which expanded BT's coverage and provided BT with more buying power in certain countries. In October 2006, BT confirmed that it would be investing 75% of its total capital spending, put at £10 billion over five years, in its new Internet Protocol (IP) based 21st century network (21CN). Annual savings of £1 billion per annum were expected when the transition to the new network was to have been completed in 2010, with over 50% of its customers to have been transferred by 2008. (For actual progress see BT 21CN). That month the first customers on to 21CN was successfully tested at Adastral Park in Suffolk. 2007 to 2012 In January 2007, BT acquired Sheffield-based ISP, PlusNet plc, adding 200,000 customers. BT stated that PlusNet will continue to operate separately out of its Sheffield head-office. On 1 February 2007, BT announced agreed terms to acquire International Network Services Inc. (INS), an international provider of IT consultancy and software. This increases BT presence in North America enhancing BT's consulting capabilities. On 20 February 2007, Sir Michael Rake, then chairman of accountancy firm KPMG International, succeeded Sir Christopher Bland, who stepped down in September of that year. On 20 April 2007, BT acquired Comsat International which provides network services to the South American corporate market. On 1 October 2007, BT purchased Chesterfield based Lynx Technology which has been trading since 1973. BT acquired Wire One Communications in June 2008 and folded the company into "BT Conferencing", its existing conferencing unit, as a new video business unit In July 2008, BT acquired the online business directory firm Ufindus for £20 million in order to expand its position in the local information market in GB. On 28 July 2008, BT acquired Ribbit, of Mountain View, California, "Silicon Valley's First Phone Company". Ribbit provides Adobe Flash/Flex APIs, allowing web developers to incorporate telephony features into their software as a service (SaaS) applications. In the early days of its fibre broadband rollout, BT said it would deliver fibre-to-the-premises (FTTP) to around 25% of the Country, with the rest catered for by the slower fibre-to-the-cabinet (FTTC), which uses copper wiring to deliver the final stretch of the connection. In 2014, with less than 0.7% of the company's fibre network being FTTP, BT dropped the 25% target, saying that it was "far less relevant today" because of improvements made to the headline speed of FTTC, which had doubled to 80Mbit/s since its fibre broadband rollout was first announced. To supplement FTTC, BT offered an 'FTTP on Demand' product. In January 2015, BT stopped taking orders for the on-demand product. On 1 April 2009, BT Engage IT was created from the merger of two previous BT acquisitions, Lynx Technology and Basilica. Apart from the name change not much else changed in operations for another 12 months. On 14 May 2009, BT said it was cutting up to 15,000 jobs in the coming year after it announced its results for the year to 31 March 2009. Then in July 2009, BT offered workers a long holiday for an up front sum of 25% of their annual wage or a one-off payment of £1000 if they agree to go part-time. On 6 April 2011, BT launched the first online not-for-profit fundraising service for UK charities called BT MyDonate as part of its investment to the community. The service will pass on 100% of all donations made through the site to the charity, and unlike other services which take a proportion as commission and charge charities for using their services, BT will only pass on credit/debit card charges for each donation. The service allows people to register to give money to charity or collect fundraising donations. BT developed MyDonate with the support of Cancer Research UK, Changing Faces, KidsOut, NSPCC and Women's Aid. 2013 to present On 1 August 2013, BT launched its first television channels, BT Sport, to compete with rival broadcaster Sky Sports. Plans for the channels' launch came about when it was announced in June 2012 that BT had been awarded a package of broadcast rights for the Premier League from the 2013–14 to 2015–16 season, broadcasting 38 matches from each season. In February 2013, BT acquired ESPN Inc.'s UK and Ireland TV channels, continuing its expansion into sports broadcasting. ESPN America and ESPN Classic were both closed, while ESPN continued to be operated by BT. On 9 November 2013, BT announced it had acquired exclusive rights to the Champions League and Europa League for £897m, from the 2015 season, with some free games remaining including both finals. On 24 November 2014, shares in BT rose considerably on the announcement that the company were in talks to buy back O2; while at the same time BT confirmed that it had been approached by EE to also buy that company. BT confirmed on 15 December 2014 that it had entered into exclusive talks to buy EE. BT confirmed on 5 February 2015 that it had agreed to buy EE for £12.5 billion, subject to regulatory approval. The deal will combine BT's 10 million retail customers and EE's 24.5 million direct mobile subscribers. Deutsche Telekom will own 12% of BT, while Orange S.A. will own 4%. In March 2015, launched a 4G service as BT Mobile BT Group CEO Gavin Patterson announced that BT plans to migrate all of its customers onto the IP network by 2025, switching off the company's ISDN network. On 15 January 2016, BT received final unconditional approval by the Competition and Markets Authority to acquire EE. The deal was officially completed on 29 January 2016 with Deutsche Telekom now owning 12% of BT, while Orange S.A. own 4%. On 1 February 2016, BT announced a new organisational structure that will take effect from April 2016 following the successful acquisition of EE. The EE brand, network and high street stores will be retained and will become a second consumer division, operating alongside BT Consumer. It will serve customers with mobile services, broadband and TV and will continue to deliver the Emergency Services Network contract which was awarded to EE in late 2015. There will be a new BT Business and Public Sector division that will have around £5bn of revenues and will serve small and large businesses as well as the public sector in the UK and Ireland. It will comprise the existing BT Business division along with EE's business division and those parts of BT Global Services that are UK focused. There will also be another new division; BT Wholesale and Ventures that will comprise the existing BT Wholesale division along with EE's MVNO business as well as some specialist businesses such as Fleet, Payphones and Directories. Gerry McQuade, currently Chief Sales and Marketing Officer, Business at EE, will be its CEO. On 11 February 2016, BT announced they will be launching a new free service later in 2016 to divert nuisance calls within its network before they ring on customers' phones and will use huge computing power to root out 25 million unwanted calls a week. BT customers can currently purchase special phones that will allow them to block nuisance calls or pay to stop calls getting through. However, the new service will identify some of the 5 billion unwanted calls made each year before they arrive, which will then be diverted automatically to a junk voicemail box. BT customers will also be able to add numbers they don't want to hear from to the blacklist, for free. BT Group is a holding company; the majority of its businesses and assets are held by its wholly owned subsidiary British Telecommunications plc. BT's businesses are operated under special government regulation by the British telecoms regulator Ofcom (formerly Oftel). BT has been found to have significant market power in some markets following market reviews by Ofcom. In these markets, BT is required to comply with additional obligations such as meeting reasonable requests to supply services and not to discriminate. BT runs the telephone exchanges, trunk network and local loop connections for the vast majority of British fixed-line telephones. Currently BT is responsible for approximately 28 million telephone lines in GB. Apart from KCOM Group, which serves Kingston upon Hull, BT is the only UK telecoms operator to have a Universal Service Obligation, (USO) which means it must provide a fixed telephone line to any address in the UK. It is also obliged to provide public call boxes. As well as continuing to provide service in those traditional areas in which BT has an obligation to provide services or is closely regulated, BT has expanded into more profitable products and services where there is less regulation. These are principally, broadband internet service and bespoke solutions in telecommunications and information technology. - Customer facing: - BT Global Services – provides telecoms and IT services to multinationals - BT Business – provides retail telecoms and IT services to UK SMEs - BT Consumer – provides retail telecoms services to consumers including: - EE - provides mobile and fixed communications services to consumers, businesses, government and the wholesale market - BT Wholesale – operates BT's networks - Openreach – fenced-off wholesale division, responsible for the "last mile" of BT's access network in GB and tasked with ensuring that rival operators have equality of access to BT's local network - Internal service unit: - BT Technology, Service & Operations – responsible for the innovation, design, test, build and running of BT’s global networks and systems - BT Research – part of the BT Technology, Service & Operations division - BT Technology, Service & Operations – responsible for the innovation, design, test, build and running of BT’s global networks and systems Openreach was established following the Telecommunications Strategic Review carried out by Ofcom. BT signed legally binding undertakings with Ofcom in September 2005 to help create a new regulatory framework for BT and the British telecoms industry generally. Openreach commenced operations on 11 January 2006, with 25,000 engineers previously employed by BT's Retail and Wholesale divisions. It provides provision and repair in the "last mile" of copper wire and is designed to ensure that other communications providers (CPs) have exactly the same operational conditions as parts of the BT Group. \|Year ending\|\|Turnover (£m)\|\|Profit/(loss) before tax (£m)\|\|Net profit/(loss) (£m)\|\|Basic eps (p)\| \|31 March 2016\|\|18,909\|\|3,473\|\|33.2\| \|31 March 2015\|\|17,851\|\|3,172\|\|2,135\|\|26.5\| \|31 March 2014\|\|18,287\|\|2,827\|\|2,018\|\|25.7\| \|31 March 2013\|\|18,017\|\|2,501\|\|2,091\|\|26.7\| \|31 March 2012\|\|19,307\|\|2,421\|\|2,003\|\|23.7\| \|31 March 2011\|\|20,076\|\|1,717\|\|1,504\|\|19.4\| \|31 March 2010\|\|20,911\|\|1,007\|\|1,029\|\|13.3\| \|31 March 2009\|\|21,390\|\|(134)\|\|(81)\|\|3.2\| \|31 March 2008\|\|20,704\|\|1,976\|\|1,738\|\|21.5\| \|31 March 2007\|\|20,223\|\|2,484\|\|2,852\|\|34.4\| \|31 March 2006\|\|19,514\|\|2,633\|\|1,644\|\|19.5\| \|31 March 2005\|\|18,429\|\|2,693\|\|1,539\|\|18.1\| \|31 March 2004\|\|18,519\|\|1,945\|\|1,414\|\|16.4\| \|31 March 2003\|\|18,727\|\|3,157\|\|2,702\|\|31.4\| \|31 March 2002\|\|18,447\|\|1,461\|\|1,008\|\|12.1\| \|31 March 2001\|\|17,141\|\|(1,031)\|\|(1,875)\|\|(25.8)\| \|31 March 2000\|\|18,715\|\|2,942\|\|2,055\|\|31.7\| \|31 March 1999\|\|16,953\|\|4,295\|\|2,983\|\|46.3\| \|31 March 1998\|\|15,640\|\|3,214\|\|1,702\|\|26.6\| \|31 March 1997\|\|14,935\|\|3,203\|\|2,077\|\|32.8\| \|31 March 1996\|\|14,446\|\|3,019\|\|1,986\|\|31.6\| \|31 March 1995\|\|13,893\|\|2,662\|\|1,731\|\|27.8\| \|31 March 1994\|\|13,675\|\|2,756\|\|1,767\|\|28.5\| \|31 March 1993\|\|13,242\|\|1,972\|\|1,220\|\|19.8\| \|31 March 1992\|\|13,337\|\|3,073\|\|2,044\|\|33.2\| As the data above suggests that BT's revenues have been more or less static over a period of last 16 years. BT has the largest defined benefit pension plan of any UK public company. The trustees valued the scheme at £36.7 billion at the end of 2010; an actuarial valuation valued the deficit of the scheme at £9.043 billion as of 31 December 2008. Following a change in the regulations governing inflation index linking, the deficit was estimated at £5.2 billion in November 2010. BT sponsored Scotland’s domestic rugby union championship and cup competitions between 1999 and 2006. On 29 July 2013, it was announced that BT had partnered up with Scottish Rugby Union in a four-year sponsorship deal with its two professional clubs; Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors that will commence from August 2013. The deal involves BT Sport becoming the new shirt sponsor for both clubs as well as being promoted with BT Group at their respective home grounds; Scotstoun Stadium and Murrayfield Stadium. On 28 May 2014, it was announced that BT agreed a £20 million four-year sponsorship deal with Scottish Rugby Union which includes BT securing the naming rights for Murrayfield Stadium which becomes BT Murrayfield Stadium, become sponsor of the Scotland sevens team, become principal and exclusive sponsor of Scotland’s domestic league and cup competitions from next season, taking over the role from The Royal Bank of Scotland Group (RBS), and become sponsor of Scottish Rugby’s four new academies that aims to drive forward standards for young players who have aspirations to play professionally. In April 2015, it was announced that as part of BT's current £20 million four-year sponsorship deal with Scottish Rugby Union that was announced in May 2014, BT has completed its sponsorship portfolio following an additional investment of £3.6 million for the 3 years remaining of its sponsorship deal, to become the new shirt sponsor for the Scotland national teams. In 2004 the BT Group signed the world's largest renewable energy deal with npower and British Gas, and now all of their exchanges, satellite networks and offices are powered by renewable energy. BT is a member of the Corporate Leaders Group on Climate Change. They signed a letter urging the government to do more to tackle this problem. Janet Blake, head of global corporate social responsibility at BT, says that she would like to see incentives that find ways of rewarding those companies that focus on climate change by making investments in green business models. BT has made it clear that it has an ambitious plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Its strategy includes steps to reduce the company's carbon footprint as well as those of customers, suppliers and employees. BT has actually pledged to achieve an 80% reduction by the year 2016, which will require further efficiency improvements. Abuse of monopoly position and underinvestment in infrastructure BT have been accused of abusing their control of Openreach, underinvesting in the UK's broadband infrastructure, charging high prices and providing poor customer service. Openreach's services receive hundreds of thousands of complaints on an annual basis. Aborted Fibre-to-the-Home rollout In 2009, BT announced it would connect 2.5 million British homes to ultra-fast Fibre-to-the-Home ('FTTP') by 2012 and 25% of the UK. However, by the end of September 2015 only 250,000 homes were connected. BT has also stopped taking orders for its FTTP-on-demand product. Undermining of National Security Between 2010 and 2012 the UK intelligence community initiated an investigation aimed at Huawei, the foreign supplier of BT's new fibre infrastructure with increasing urgency after the USA, Canada and Australia prevented the company from operating in their countries. Although BT had notified the UK government in 2003 of Huawei's interest in their £10b network upgrade contract, they did not raise the security implications as BT failed to explain that the Chinese company would have unfettered access to critical infrastructure. On 16 December 2012 David Cameron was supplied with an in-depth report indicating that the intelligence services had very grave doubts regarding Huawei, and that the UK governmental, military, business community and private citizen's privacy may be under serious threat. Subsequently, BT's Infinity program and other projects are now under urgent review. On 7 June 2013, British lawmakers concluded that BT should never have allowed the Chinese company access to the UK's critical communications network without ministerial oversight, saying they were 'deeply shocked' that BT did not inform government that they were allowing Huawei and ZTE, both foreign entities with ties to the Chinese military, unfettered access to critical national systems. Furthermore, ministers discovered that the agency with the responsibility to ensure Chinese equipment and code was threat-free was entirely staffed by Huawei employees. Subsequently, parliamentarians confirmed that in case of an attack on the UK there was nothing at this point that could done to stop Chinese infiltration attacking critical national infrastructure. ZTE, another Chinese company that supplies extensive network equipment and subscriber hardware to BT Infinity, is also under scrutiny after the US, Canada, Australia and the European Union declared the company a security risk to its citizens. World Wide Web hyperlink patent In 2001, BT discovered it owned a patent (U.S. Patent 4,873,662) which it believed gave it patent rights on the use of hyperlink technology on the World Wide Web. The corresponding UK patent had already expired, but the U.S. patent was valid until 2006. On 11 February 2002, BT began a court case relating to its claims in a U.S. federal court against the Internet service provider Prodigy Communications Corporation. In the case British Telecommunications Plc. v. Prodigy, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York ruled on 22 August 2002 that the BT patent was not applicable to web technology and granted Prodigy's request for summary judgment of non-infringement. In early 2008 it was announced that BT had entered into a contract (along with Virgin Media and TalkTalk) with the spyware company Phorm (responsible under their 121Media guise for the Apropos rootkit) to intercept and analyse their users' click-stream data and sell the anonymised aggregate information as part of Phorm's OIX advertising service. The practice, known as "behavioural targeting" and condemned by critics as "data pimping", came under intense fire from various internet communities and other interested-parties who believe that the interception of data without the consent of users and web site owners is illegal under UK law (RIPA). At a more fundamental level, many have argued that the ISPs and Phorm have no right to sell a commodity (a user's data, and the copyright content of web sites) to which they have no claim of ownership. In response to questions about Phorm and the interception of data by the Webwise system Sir Tim Berners-Lee, credited as the creator of the World Wide Web protocol, indicated his disapproval of the concept and is quoted as saying of his data and web history: It's mine – you can't have it. If you want to use it for something, then you have to negotiate with me. I have to agree, I have to understand what I'm getting in return. I myself feel that it is very important that my ISP supplies internet to my house like the water company supplies water to my house. It supplies connectivity with no strings attached. My ISP doesn't control which websites I go to, it doesn't monitor which websites I go to. Alleged complicity with drone strikes in Yemen and Somalia In September 2012, BT entered into a $23 million deal with the US military to provide a key communications cable connecting RAF Croughton, a US military base on UK soil, with Camp Lemonnier, a large US base in Djibouti. Camp Lemonnier is used as a base for American drone attacks in Yemen and Somalia, and has been described by The Economist as "the most important base for drone operations outside the war zone of Afghanistan." Human rights groups including Reprieve and Amnesty International have criticised the use of armed drones outside declared war zones. Evidence produced by The Bureau of Investigative Journalism and Stanford University's International Human Rights & Conflict Resolution Clinic suggest that drone strikes have caused substantial civilian casualties, and may be illegal under international law. In 2013, BT was the subject of a complaint by Reprieve to the Department of Business, Innovation and Skills under the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, following their refusal to explain whether or not their infrastructure was used to facilitate drone strikes. 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Retrieved 20 December 2014. - "Group businesses". BT Group plc. Retrieved 7 November 2014. - "BT Pension scheme Report and Accounts". - "BT Pension Scheme Valuation 2008". Retrieved 4 August 2011. - "BT pension deficit falls £2.9bn on CPI inflation link change". Yahoo News. Retrieved 14 March 2011. - Reid, Alasdair (28 May 2014). "Scottish rugby's home renamed BT Murrayfield Stadium in £20m sponsorship deal with broadcasting giant". The TDaily elegraph. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - "Scottish Rugby secures historic sports sponsorship with BT". Scottish Rugby Union. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - "Scottish Rugby confirms deal for BT Murrayfield Stadium". BBC Sport. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - Rumsby, Ben (29 July 2013). "BT Sport signs Glasgow and Edinburgh rugby shirt sponsorship deal circumventing Sky advertising ban". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - "Scottish Rugby announces partnership with BT Sport". Scottish Rugby Union. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - "BT Sport announces partnership with Scottish Rugby". BT Group PLC. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2016. - "BT completes Scottish Rugby portfolio as Scotland's front of shirt sponsor". Scottish Rugby. 14 April 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2016. - "Home - Incisive Media". - "Climate change". BT Group. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - "Climate change – BT's Vision and Strategy". BT Group. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - "Ofcom seeks views on splitting BT and Openreach". BBC News. Retrieved 13 October 2015. - "UPDATE Sky Demand Ofcom Open UK Competition Inquiry into BT Openreach - ISPreview UK". www.ispreview.co.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2015. - "Broadband firms go to war with BT and Ofcom over competition". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 13 October 2015. - Tims, Anna. "BT's Openreach slammed for phone and broadband connection delays". the Guardian. Retrieved 13 October 2015. - Charles Arthur (8 October 2012). "China's Huawei and ZTE pose national security threat, says US committee". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 July 2013. - "Government admits slip-ups in BT-Huawei deal". - Cusick, James (16 December 2012). "China telecoms giant could be cyber-security risk to Britain". The Independent. - Sandle, Paul (7 June 2013). "Parliamentarians say Huawei-BT deal exposes flawed security controls \| Reuters". Uk.reuters.com. Retrieved 4 July 2013. - Shead, Sam (13 December 2012). "Huawei and ZTE could pose security and business threat to Europe, says EU report". ZDNet. Retrieved 4 July 2013. - "BT's "Hyperlinking" Patent Litigation Fails". Nswscl.org.au. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - F-Secure Spyware Information Pages: Apropos Archived 10 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine. - "F-Secure Spyware Information Pages: PeopleOnPage". F-secure.com. Archived from the original on 24 May 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - Williams, Chris (25 February 2008). "ISP data deal with former 'spyware' boss triggers privacy fears". The Register. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - Williams, Chris (29 February 2008). "How Phorm plans to tap your internet connection". The Register. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - "Web users angry at ISPs' spyware tie-up". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - Williams, Chris (4 March 2008). "Data pimping: surveillance expert raises illegal wiretap worries". The Register. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - Williams, Chris (17 March 2008). "Net think thank: Phorm is illegal". The Register. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - "The Phorm "Webwise" System – a Legal Analysis" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 May 2011. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - Cellan-Jones, Rory (17 March 2008). "Web creator rejects net tracking". BBC News. Retrieved 18 April 2011. - "Contract Award Notice". Procurement Directorate, Defense Information Systems Agency. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2014. - "Death From Afar". The Economist. 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2014. - "Pakistan Drone Statistics Visualised". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. 2 July 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2014. - "Living Under Drones". Stanford University. Retrieved 20 May 2014. - "Complaint to UK National Contact Point" (PDF). Reprieve. 15 July 2013. Retrieved 20 May 2014. - "Minister in row over BT's link to US drones' war". The Independent. 26 March 2014. Retrieved 2 May 2014. - Baldwin, F.G.C. The History of the Telephone in the United Kingdom (1925) - Foreman-Peck, J. "The development and diffusion of telephone technology in Britain, 1900–1940," Transactions of the Newcomen Society, (1991–92). 63, pp165–180. - Foreman-Peck, J., & Millward, R. Public and private ownership of British industry 1820–1990 (1994). - Hazlewood, A. "The origins of the state telephone service in Britain" Oxford Economic Papers (1953). 5:13–25. in JSTOR - Holcombe, A. N. (1906). "The Telephone in Great Britain". 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The story of the telephone: A history of the telecommunications industry of Britain (1947) - Tucker, D. G. (1978). "The Early Development of the British Underground Trunk Telephone Network". Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 49: 57–74. doi:10.1179/tns.1977.005. - Wetton, Jenny (2007). "The Early History of Telephony in Manchester, 1877–1898". Transactions of the Newcomen Society. 77 (2): 245–260. doi:10.1179/175035207x204833.	<urn:uuid:bc58ea22-2c74-41df-bb86-e754f7c7e67b>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://gateway.ipfs.io/ipfs/QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/BT_Group.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00265.warc.gz	en	0.94408	10,931	2.078125	2
No matter the outcome of the health-care battle raging in Washington at press time, one diagnosis is beyond dispute: The cost of getting sick — and of staying well — continues to climb. American families spent an average of $6,000 out of pocket on health insurance and other medical costs like co-pays and deductibles in 2009, reports the National Coalition on Health Care, which estimates that number will jump to $9,000 by 2012. But if you want to control your medical spending, there's no need to wait for laws to change. Here are smart ways to save, starting today: Save on Doctor Visits 1. Find vaccines at low cost. If your health insurance doesn't cover immunizations like those against polio and hepatitis B for your kids, that doesn't mean you have to shell out. A federal program provides shots for these kids as well as for those whose families have no health insurance. Visit cdc.gov for the specifics. How much could you save? Our calls to pediatric clinics found savings from $28 to $88 per vaccine. 2. Get a cheap shot. You can avoid high vaccine fees for yourself, too. Many drugstores and grocery stores offer flu shots for a very low fee, typically about $25. Don't worry about unsanitary practices, as the law spells out that rubbing alcohol and new needles must be used. 3. Be screened. The CDC's National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program provides free breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services to uninsured, underinsured, and low-income women (at press time, "low income" could be defined as less than about $44,000 for a family of four). In 2008, over 300,000 women were screened for free for each kind of cancer. For details, go to cdc.gov. If you qualify, you'll save the $100 that uninsured women typically spend for a mammogram and the $50 that a Pap smear can cost. 4. Don't be afraid to dicker. Doctors and other health-care providers know that times are tight, so don't be shy about asking for a price break. When making an appointment, check with the billing manager of the office to see if the practice has what's known as a cash-payment discount program. That means you get a price break if you pay for services up front rather than waiting to be billed. Collecting their fees is a key issue for doctors, says Jason Beans, CEO of Rising Medical Solutions, a Chicago firm specializing in medical cost containment and care management — so your paying in cash at the time of your visit can be a real boon for them. Save on Drugs 5. Snag freebies. Drug manufacturers routinely stock doctors with samples of free meds. So if you need a prescription, just ask; you may well receive. And this holds true for skin cleansers at dermatologists' offices and even contact lens cleaners at optometrists' offices: "I give patients lens-care kits with travel bottles of cleaner so they can get through airport security," says Robert Murray, O.D., an optometrist in South Portland, ME. 6. Just mail (or e-mail) it in. Fill your prescriptions via the Internet, and you can save a bundle versus filling them at your local drugstore. Here's proof: One walk-in pharmacy's cash price for a 90-day supply of Lipitor at 20 milligrams runs about $450; familymeds.com charges $360.90 for the same prescription. But don't pick just any site: the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy (nabp.net ) says many so-called Internet pharmacies are notorious for spam that lures shoppers to fraudulent Websites. And, the NABP estimates, 95 percent of Internet pharmacies appear to be out of compliance with pharmacy laws and practice standards. The NABP has a list of recommended Internet pharmacies on its Website. 7. Get cash back. If you like getting cash back on purchases like groceries and electronics, why not do the same with health-care products and services? The Caregivers Marketplace can lower your costs on those items that are not typically covered by insurance or Medicare. The program — operated by Hamacher Resource Group, a Milwaukee-based health-care services provider — delivers rebates on pain relievers, vitamins, skin-care products, and other goods. (Product manufacturers pay to participate as a way of building their sales.) According to Caregivers, each rebate check averages $15. Sign up at caregiversmarketplace.com. 8. Join the club. Cut your Rx costs by joining your pharmacy's drug-discount program. For instance, Walgreens (walgreens.com) offers a prescription savings club for people not enrolled in Medicaid or Medicare. The program provides discounts on more than 5,000 brand-name and generic medications and kicks in a 10 percent reward on other products and services. Example: With a $20 yearly enrollment fee ($35 for families), members can buy a 90-day supply of any of more than 400 generic meds for less than $1 per week. Save on Eye Care 9. Leverage memberships. Memberships in groups such as AARP and AAA can get you lower rates at many eyeglass dealers. For instance, AAA members get a 30 percent discount on eye exams, eyeglasses, and accessories, and 10 percent off nondisposable contact lenses, at 2,700 locations (member discounts at aaa.com). Save on Dental Care 10. Go to school to save. Many dental schools offer low-cost dental care, performed by students who are supervised by the faculty. For instance, services such as cleaning and cavity filling at Boston University School of Dental Medicine Predoctoral Patient Treatment Center are up to 70 percent cheaper than the price you'd pay at a dentist's office in the area (as low as $60 for a filling, versus $121). Call a nearby university to see if you can reap similar savings while getting quality care.	<urn:uuid:ee960e5d-b6a6-44d1-af1d-4588798fcbc9>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/money/advice/a17918/healthcare-costs/?src=shelter_footer	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00086-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.948577	1,252	2.3125	2
"The Lady with the Dog" (Russian: Дама с собачкой, Dama s sobachkoy) is a short story by Anton Chekhov first published in 1899. It tells the story of an adulterous affair between a Russian banker and a young lady he meets while vacationing in Yalta. The story comprises four parts: part I describes the initial meeting in Yalta, part II the consummation of the affair and the remaining time in Yalta, part III Gurov's return to Moscow and his visit to Anna's town, and part IV Anna's visits to Moscow. Vladimir Nabokov declared that it was one of the greatest short stories ever written. This content is from Wikipedia. GradeSaver is providing this content as a courtesy until we can offer a professionally written study guide by one of our staff editors. We do not consider this content professional or citable. Please use your discretion when relying on it.	<urn:uuid:7238aabd-75aa-47e5-ac2c-0aaa9d814248>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.gradesaver.com/the-lady-with-the-dog/wikipedia/introduction	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00331-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.940227	209	1.960938	2
Congress enacted the National Voter Registration Act of 1993 - also known as the "NVRA" or the "Motor Voter Act" - to enhance voting opportunities for every American. Section 7 of the act requires states to offer voter registration opportunities at all offices that provide public assistance and all offices that provide state-funded programs primarily engaged in providing services to persons with disabilities. As designated by the Ohio Legislature, at each application, reapplication or address change for the Ohio Works First, Disability Financial Assistance, Food Assistance, Medicaid, and Prevention, Retention and Contingency programs, applicants must be asked whether they would like to register to vote and given an NVRA Notice of Rights. If they answer "yes," they must be provided with a voter registration form. Agencies must provide the same level of assistance in completing the form as they would for any other program. They must then forward the completed application to the appropriate state or local election official within a period of not more than five days.	<urn:uuid:b12cd4b7-492a-47d8-8d25-ac1d826232c9>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.rcjfs.net/get-help/voter-registration	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00468.warc.gz	en	0.95551	198	2.203125	2
By Donna King North Carolina ranks among the bottom 10 states in the country on Politico’s new State Pandemic Scorecard. The Tar Heel State’s overall ranking of No. 41 combines high marks for health and the economy with low scores for social well-being and education. “From the early days of the Covid-19 pandemic, the toughest decisions about how to combat the virus fell on state leaders,” wrote Sean McMinn and Liz Crampton. “The answers weren’t obvious,” they added. “State officials had limited information about the virus, and the trade-offs were difficult. Protect residents’ health and instruct them to stay home – but risk driving companies out of business and accelerating unemployment. Keep businesses open – but risk a rise in hospitalizations and deaths. Close schools to control spread – but risk damaging kids’ education.” No state fared well in all four categories Politico measured. “There was no optimal set of choices, no perfect path a governor or other state officials could have taken,” McMinn and Crampton wrote. “Every choice came with negative consequences, some known ahead of time, some only discovered or appreciated months later.” Politico does not argue that its four categories should be weighted equally. “If every category were given equal weight — which assumes each priority was of equivalent importance, a policy choice in itself — the top scorer overall would be Nebraska, … despite scoring below the national average in the social well-being category. Maryland would be second.” North Carolina’s No. 41 ranking places the Tar Heel State just ahead of neighbors South Carolina (No. 42) and Tennessee (No. 43). Virginia (No. 23) ranked highest among our neighbors, with Georgia ranking slightly ahead of North Carolina at No. 39. Within the four categories, North Carolina fared best in the economic ranking. The state ranked No. 12, higher than neighboring states. Nebraska ranked No. 1. Among Southeastern states, only Mississippi (No. 8) topped North Carolina. Most of the top economic performers were located in the West and Southwest. North Carolina ranked closer to the middle of the pack in the health category at No. 21. Vermont topped the list in that category. Among our neighbors, Virginia ranked No. 13, with South Carolina (No. 33), Tennessee (No. 36), and Georgia (No. 48) all trailing the Tar Heel State. In the education ranking, North Carolina dropped to No. 43 among the states. South Dakota topped that list, and only Virginia (No. 44) scored lower among our neighbors. Politico labeled education “the most difficult policy area to assess.” “The education score was derived from changes in reading and math assessments from each state’s pre-pandemic baseline to spring 2021,” McMinn and Crampton wrote. “Many districts and schools also experienced drops in enrollment during the pandemic as students struggled to make the transition to online or hybrid education or experienced family difficulties. As a result, we also included change in public school enrollment in the education score.” Politico places education rankings in perspective of a state’s overall response to the pandemic. “The main takeaway from this data backs up the consensus view in the education community that schools who had more days of in-person school have seen less learning loss in their students,” McMinn and Crampton wrote. “Those decisions to keep students in school, of course, came with risks in other areas, and as with other categories in the scorecard, those trade-offs need to be weighed against their downsides: Many of the states whose students appear at this point to have done better also experienced poorer health outcomes” North Carolina earned its lowest ranking (No. 45) in the category of social well-being. Only Arkansas, South Dakota, West Virginia, Mississippi, and Wyoming fared worse. Hawaii topped that list, and neighbor Virginia ranked No. 7. Politico based its social well-being ranking “on the change in three metrics – food insecurity, households’ economic hardship, and violent crime — comparing states’ indicators to where they were before or early in the pandemic.” McMinn and Crampton provided a further clue that North Carolina’s low marks in that category might have had more to do with Politico’s policy preferences than with people’s actual well-being. “With the federal government providing vast amounts of economic aid, a state’s score on food insecurity and household expenses during the pandemic largely reflects a state’s ability to implement those federal programs and get aid to residents who need it,” they wrote. The rankings led Politico to a general conclusion. “What the scorecard shows is that the pandemic has played out in vastly different ways across America, and that those state decisions had real-life impacts.”	<urn:uuid:e824d853-90ef-44f2-973a-10a20399b6e0>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://jocoreport.com/n-c-gets-low-overall-ranking-for-pandemic-response/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00670.warc.gz	en	0.963623	1,050	1.5625	2
As an English teacher at the Conte Arts Magnet School, I am always looking for ways to broaden and strengthen the reading experiences of my students. With a class of good readers, I try to challenge and stimulate them by introducing them to a wider range of books and exposing them to some “classic” literature. I have found that when my students are allowed to select their own books their reading taste is wide and varied, although sometimes predictable. The boys tend to read science fiction fantasy or Tolkien-like fantasy adventure—both violent and non-violent, and mystery, while the girls seek out mystery, non-threatening adventure, problem-teen stories and romance. However, most of my “good” readers read enthusiastically and are eager to expand their literary experiences. I have traditionally used a mythology unit with my sixth grade English class. The students have always enjoyed this unit, and most of them find they are not as familiar with the stories as they thought they were. We begin by reading creation mythology of various cultures, because I want the students to understand and appreciate the universality of mythology. The students then have a long exposure to Greek mythology and finally Greek hero myths. Although the students have always been enthusiastic, I have felt a missing element in this unit, that the hero myths were not enough. The exploits and antics of the gods and goddesses are fun, and the quests of heroes like Jason and Theseus are fascinating, but I think the students are ready for the literature that combines the whims of the gods and the real heroics of men: the story of Odysseus, his fight in the Trojan War, and his long journey home. The story is complicated and difficult, but full of energy and excitement. It involves young readers. The story has everything—heroics, jealousy, love, hate, revenge, anger, loyalty, patience and fortitude. The story of Odysseus is the ultimate family story, a tale of a man trying to return home from a long bloody war to his wife and child. I shall use this homecoming desire as the theme and focus for the students—homecoming and reunion. The students can follow this idea and compare and contrast the actions of the central characters in with the other characters they have met. For introduction and background my students will begin by reading A Fair Wind for Troy by Doris Gates. Other books contain the stories that form the background for the war but most of these books retell only one or two of these tales. This book relates all of the stories and legends that trace the beginning of the Trojan War. Students are first introduced to the legendary beauty, Helen and the wooing of Helen by rich, powerful Greek suitors. We meet the young Odysseus, a clever young king without a great kingdom to support or interest in such a beauty. He advises Helen’s father, creates the compromise, the oath each suitor must take to support the choice of Helen and her father, the oath that each king will rally his men and ships if Helen is ever kidnapped. Students can see that even a rich, powerful king like Helen’s father is apprehensive about the anger of rejected suitors. This can perhaps make the plight of Telemachus more understandable. The book also details the marriage of Thetis and Peleus, the golden apple of discord, the prophecy about Paris the firebrand and the subsequent abandonment of Paris by his parents. The King and Queen of Troy are willing to sacrifice their son for the greater good of the city. Paris makes the fateful choice of Aphrodite as the fairest, earning the eternal enmity of Hera and Athena, and goes to Sparta to meet Helen. Helen is now married to the wealthy king Menelaus, but falls in love with Paris and runs away to Troy. The outraged Greeks assemble to get her back. The cleverness of Odysseus now comes back to haunt him. The former suitors of Helen have been recalled by their oath. Odysseus is now happily married to Penelope and does not want to leave her and their infant son. Students see that Odysseus puts family before war and glory—at least at this point. He does not want to go. He even tries to pretend he is mad to keep from going, although his ruse doesn’t work. The book also gives the background of the great hero of the Trojan War, Achilles, the son of Thetis and Peleus, a nymph and a mortal. Thetis tries to protect her son Achilles, fated to be a glorious but short-lived hero. Students are fascinated by the story of the dipping of Achilles into the River Styx by his heel, leaving him vulnerable only in his Achilles’ heel. They are further fascinated by the next attempt to protect him by sending him to a court dressed as a woman of the court. Achilles, of course, is found out by the clever Odysseus, who, once involved in the war, is in it heart and soul. The last background story contained in the book involves Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus, and leader of the Greeks. Because of his great wealth and power, he has been chosen as the leader of the expedition. The Greek expedition has been becalmed. There is no wind to sail. Agamemnon has offended the goddess Artemis, and to appease her must sacrifice his daughter. Only then will there be wind to sail. To keep his command, to keep the war going, he will sacrifice his daughter. It should be pointed out to students that this is a very rare demand by the gods. The Greeks did not sacrifice to their gods. This demand by Artemis should illustrate the enormity of the arrogance of Agamemnon, and his intense desire to begin the war. He can be sharply contrasted to Odysseus, who puts his family first. Agamemnon puts the war to avenge his brother’s honor first. His pride, his feeling for family honor, is greater than his love for his daughter. Like Priam and Hecuba, he is willing to sacrifice a child for his own interests. The reading of A Fair Wind for Troy introduced the students to the main characters and to some of the conflicts within family relationships. Some of the family relationships which the students notice and focus on: Agamemnon and Iphigenia—Why does he sacrifice her? Why does he tell her she is going to marry Achilles? What about his wife Clytemnestra, the sister of Helen? What is the effect on her? What will be the long range effect? Helen and Menelaus—Why did Helen leave her family? What do you think of her? Odysseus and Penelope—Why does Odysseus not want to go? Does this make him a coward? Why do you think he pick madness as his disguise? The protection that Thetis desperately tries to find for Achilles contrasts sharply with the actions of Agamemnon and with Priam and Hecuba. Odysseus, also, admits his play-acting, rather than injure his son, and therefore has to go to war. The emphasis in A Fair Wind for Troy is on getting to Troy to begin the war. The book introduces and establishes the personalities of the major Greek characters, and the students feel sympathy and antipathy towards them. They despise Agamemnon; dislike Helen; pitylphigenia and admire Odysseus and Achilles. The Trojan War itself is summarized in the last few pages of the book. It may be necessary to give the student more information on the war and the fates of the characters they have come to know so well. However, since the story of the war is found in flashbacks in the story of the voyage home of Odysseus, the students may understand and follow the sequence. The story of the Odyssey takes place twenty years later. The longing of Odysseus to get home, the sorrowing of his son and the patience of his wife show much more feeling than the heroic actions of the Greek and Trojan warriors. Sixth grade students cannot be expected to read the regular adult translations of . However, there are some fine versions written for students in which the authors have tried to capture the flavor and authenticity of the original. The most notable are The Tales of Troy and Greece , by Andrew Lang, which contains versions of both as well as some hero myths, and Children’s Homer—The Adventures of Odysseus and the Tale of by Padraic Colum. My personal choice would be , because it follows more completely, whereas the Lang book puts more emphasis on the Trojan War. Both books, however, are excellent for sixth graders. Wherever possible students should be given a chance to read, understand and appreciate the poetic translation, especially the version by Robert Fitzgerald. I think several chapters can be read and discussed in class, especially Book Six, the story of Nausicaa, and the story of Odysseus’ trip to the underworld. This particular episode is omitted in the Colum version, and I think this trip in the Odyssey is too important to be ignored. As the students begin reading the story of the long trip, they will see the characters and their personalities emerge. Telemachus, for example, has no memory of his father. He is alone and powerless, watching the suitors for his mother’s hand eat, drink and waste his father’s stores. Frustrated, he needs to learn more about his father, or to get away for a while, to go on an odyssey of his own. His actions at the beginning—defying the suitors, calling the Council in Ithaka, and leaving for Pylos—show a young man ready to come into his own, to make the leap into adulthood. When Telemachus returns from his odyssey, his quest to learn about his father, he is a young man, ready for action. Penelope and Helen, the primary women in the story, are interesting to compare. The students look at Helen as the source of evil, as the person who caused the war and the death of so many heroes. She is the unfaithful wife, a woman who has left her child and her people. Usually students don’t like her and feel she should be punished, and not be allowed to get away with her behavior. However, it should be pointed out to the students that neither the Trojans nor the Greeks blame Helen. The gods get the blame for Helen’s actions. Aphrodite blinded Helen’s mind and heart and led her astray. Helen was not responsible, because she could not help it. At the end of the war, she goes back to Sparta as the Queen, where she is honored and treasured. No one ever blames her except perhaps herself. By contrast, her cousin Penelope is seen as the constant faithful wife, fending off ardent suitors even though she has lost hope of seeing Odysseus again. We see so little of Penelope that it is hard for students to get a sense of her. The students see her through the longings of Odysseus to return to her. Yet she seems the perfect wife for Odysseus especially with her clever strategy of weaving by day and unweaving by night—a strategy that works for three years. Odysseus wants to return to her. He could stay with Circe or Calypso, and remain young forever with eternally beautiful goddesses. Instead he yearns for his mortal, aging wife. Why does he wish to return to Penelope? Why doesn’t she recognize Odysseus when she talks to him? Why does it take so long to recognize him, to accept him? Does she really recognize him and not admit it? She has been alone a very long time and is used to not confiding. Does she suspect when she devises the contest with the bow of Odysseus that no one else can bend it? How else does she test Odysseus? Why does she need to be sure? When does it begin to change? What shows the change in the attitude of Telemachus towards his mother? Is Penelope an independent character or is she a puppet? These are some of the questions that can start discussions of Penelope as wife and mother. Odysseus is the most interesting and likeable of the Greek heroes. As the story unfolds, and as the tale of the great war is told, we see many times just how heroic he is. He does not, because he can not, rely on superior strength or wealth. However, he is certainly as brave as any of the heroes, if not braver. He shows himself to be wily and resourceful, as well as courageous and strong. His escapades intrigue the students, capturing their admiration. In the past, my students have been particularly impressed by the tale of the theft of the Luck of Troy. Just as Odysseus fooled the Greeks and the Trojans, he fooled my students. They didn’t realize the beggar being whipped by the gates of Troy was Odysseus. They were fascinated with his ability to make his disguise so authentic and without the help of Athena. Odysseus shows his worth so completely, that the students consider him, not Achilles, to be the hero of the Trojan War. The Greek and Trojan heroes are sometimes looked at as puppets of the gods. Hector had no chance against armor made by the gods for Achilles, against a fate that already had been determined. This kind of determinism can be frustrating for students. With Odysseus, one senses a little more control. Certainly Odysseus causes his own problems as well. On the trip home, after the fateful trip to the cave of Cyclops, who blinded Polyphemus? Noman . . . .but what does Odysseus do? When his ship is almost safely out of range, he bellows up to the giant, “I am Odysseus, son of Laertes.” Thus he gives Cyclops a chance to pray to his father Poseidon to keep Odysseus from reaching home. It is the anger of Poseidon which keeps Odysseus from getting home for ten years. What made Odysseus identify himself? Was it pride-pride that must be punished? His self-aggrandizement brings about his own misfortunes. One of the difficulties in reading the stories of the war and the homecoming can be sequence, because so many of the stories are flash-backs, and from very different time spans. Since students can get confused very easily, they might work on time lines and murals to keep the story line logical and understandable. A large chart or map of Odysseus’ voyage might also help to keep the story of his trip home clear. There are three great family reunions in the story: father-son, son-father, and husband-wife. Athena, who is prominent in this book as the mentor of both Odysseus and Telemachus, has disguised Odysseus well. He must reveal himself to the two people, wife and father, who could and maybe should recognize him. Only his nurse and his dying hunting dog know him under his disguise. All the others are or seem to be blinded by the rags and bearing of a beggar. The Odysseus-Telemachus meeting is moving and straight-forward. The young man looks at his father in awe, almost as a god, yet he accepts him immediately and wholeheartedly. Father and son embrace and talk about the past and plan the future. Odysseus tells his son he, the wily one, will devise a plan and Telemachus, trusting, is ready to carry it out. The meeting between Laertes and Odysseus is very moving. The old man has given up all hope, and works in his vineyard, almost as a servant. Why doesn’t Odysseus reveal himself immediately? Why doesn’t Laertes recognize Odysseus? Odysseus finally comforts his father as he would a child as he proves his identity. The reunion between Penelope and Odysseus is a powerful and puzzling scene. Two strong people need to test each other. Does Penelope really know who Odysseus is already? Why does she test him? Why does she move him to anger as she makes him prove himself? This scene, and the other two scenes, are ideal for reenacting by the students. The students can try the scene from different points of view. In one scene Penelope has known who Odysseus is and in another, she is still unsure and needs to test him. Which one do they like better? Which one seems to make more sense? Once Odysseus finally reaches Ithaka, his troubles are not over. The suitors will not leave merely because the king is back. He has been gone too long. They are many and he is one. The students have trouble understanding this. They feel that because Odysseus is king, his subjects should welcome him and leave his wife and property alone. The students can be reminded of Helen’s father who feared the wrath of rejected suitors. To remain a king, a king must be powerful. Odysseus, once more, must rely on his cleverness (and Athena) to catch the suitors off-guard. He must rely on his son, an untested young man, and two old loyal men. Tactics of surprise and guile must defeat the overwhelming numbers of suitors. Comparison can be made with the homecoming of Agamemnon, who arrives home a victor and is soon a victim, killed by an unloving wife. Is this the result of the sacrifice of his daughter? Does Clytemnestra not wish to hand over the rule of the kingdom that she has had? She, unlike Penelope, has not been a loyal wife. She has allowed a “suitor” to rule the kingdom with her, taking Agamemnon’s place. Why would a queen kill her husband? Do the students see any justice in or excuse for her actions? What about the subsequent actions of Orestes, her son? He, like Telemachus, is a loyal son. He must avenge his father. But to avenge his father he must kill his mother. Is this the act of a loyal son? Would Telemachus act the same way? After the wrongs have been righted, ends on a note of peace and harmony. All is right in the world and family of Odysseus. He has one more task to perform, but it should be peaceful and appease the god, and not take him away from his family. He has come home. I hope my students will sense the fitness of the ending, the just slaying of the suitors, the happiness of Penelope and the young manhood of Telemachus. I look forward to teaching this unit. I think my students will enjoy reading and understanding the experiences of Odysseus and his family.	<urn:uuid:aebe8d99-989d-4412-8623-616fc6b1ae39>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://teachersinstitute.yale.edu/curriculum/units/1986/1/86.01.02.x.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00465.warc.gz	en	0.97752	4,081	3.28125	3
Disabled American Veteran Benefits Any Veteran who served our country in any branch of the military and was injured (either physically or mentally) during service may qualify for veteran disability benefits. Disabled veterans can and should apply for VA benefits as soon as possible regardless of how long ago they were in the military. Veteran Affair Disability Ratings The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) gives out veteran disability benefits in monthly payments that correlate with your degree of disability. The BVA or Board of Veterans Appeals assigns the degree of disability (also known as a disability rating) to you when you are approved for VA benefits initially. They will rate your disability in 10% intervals between 10% and 100% while each percentage corresponds with a VA pre-determined monthly payment. A veteran may receive a larger monthly payment if the individual has a particular severe condition such as blindness or if the veteran has a rating 30% or more and has a dependent child and/or spouse. Below are the disability ratings with their corresponding monthly benefits for veterans (effective since 12/1/14). Disability rating = Monthly benefits Veterans without any dependents: - 10% = $133.17 - 20% = $263.23 - 30% = $407.75 - 40% = $587.36 - 50% = $836.13 - 60% = $1,059.09 - 70% = $1,334.71 - 80% = $1,551.48 - 90% = $1,743.48 - 100% = $2,906.83 Veterans with spouse and a child: - 30% = $491.75 - 40% = $699.36 - 50% = $976.13 - 60% = $1,227.09 - 70% = $1,530.71 - 80% = $1,775.48 - 90% = $1,995.48 - 100% = $3,187.60 How Long It Takes to Receive A Decision From The VA The time it takes to receive a decision on your VA claim depends of several factors: - Your disabling condition(s) - The severity of your condition(s) - The amount of documentation for evidence provided (medical and/or military related) about your condition - Which state you live in - Whether or not you qualify for the VA’s Fast Track program Generally all you can do to speed up the process on the applicant’ end is to make sure that your application is filled out correctly with all necessary paperwork to prove your condition is disabling and service-related. If a veteran is denied, the appeal process takes considerably longer (almost years) to obtain a final decision. Overall be prepared to wait anywhere in between a couple months to a few years before an absolute decision is made. What Do I Do If My Claim Is Denied? If a veteran’s initial claim is denied, they may appeal the decision by filing a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) with the VA within one year after receiving the denial letter. Although there is no official form, generally the VA Form 21-4138 (Statement in Support of Claim) is used to file a Notice of Disagreement. For more information on the VA appeals process, read our VA Appeals page. Common reasons for denial A veteran will not receive disability benefits if: - The veteran was dishonorably discharged. - The disabling condition was incurred outside of duty (veteran failed the service-connection requirement) - The disabling condition was incurred from misconduct of the veteran during service. If a veteran feels the VA’s decision for denial is incorrect, they can then appeal by filing a Notice of Disagreement (NOD) with the VA. To help prevent an initial denial make sure that your application is filled out correctly with all necessary medical and military paperwork to prove your condition is disabling and service-related. Receiving Social Security Disability Benefits Many disabled veterans are unaware that they can receive both VA disability benefits and Social Security Disability benefits at the same time. The Social Security Administration has a different application and the process for a final decision can be much faster. If you are a disabled veteran and would like to know more about Social Security Disability, please read our Social Security Disability for Veterans page.	<urn:uuid:601665b6-b30a-4762-8465-59a429be4291>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.disabilitycarecenter.org/veterans/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz	en	0.945554	917	1.507813	2
In preparation for the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's 2021 regional power plan, Senior Economic Analyst Steven Simmons, presented analysis on the price forecast for natural gas to the power committee. The price forecast for natural gas is a strong indicator of electricity prices and resource developments, and is therefore a key input in the Council's modeling. According to Simmons, natural gas prices for the next three to five years are expected to remain low, thanks to an abundant supply from diverse sources. The long-term forecast is less certain. The low prices should keep natural gas consumption high, especially in the power sector, undercutting coal as retirements continue across the West. Rapid growth in the export liquefied natural gas market is also forecast to continue as more facilities come online in the Southeastern U.S. and possibly in British Columbia. The U.S. is the largest overall producer of natural gas in the world, and is now the third largest LNG exporter behind Australia and Qatar.	<urn:uuid:9d083b98-f3a2-4d28-8aa5-1e6fce6f8e7c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.nwcouncil.org/news/natural-gas-price-forecast-abundant-supplies-low-cost-now/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00078.warc.gz	en	0.943287	197	2.0625	2
Stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite powder were prepared by high-energy ball-milling method using 316 stainless steel powder, carbon and titanium powder as raw materials. Microstructure of the nanocomposite powder was investigated with XRD and TEM techniques. The results showed that the stainless steel/TiC nanocomposite powder obtained when the ball-milling time was more than 40 hours. DSC analysis method was used to study the characteristics of oxidation resistance and the oxidation reaction kinetics of the nanocomposites powder. Results show that the oxidant resistance of nanocomposite powder was improved, the activation energy of oxidation reaction increased.	<urn:uuid:022c19b1-e18d-4e27-8203-cbbce86e931e>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.scientific.net/KEM.434-435.109	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.946155	137	2.21875	2
Poland’s biggest postwar literary fight erupted not in Warsaw or Kraków, but in an otherwise quiet Berkeley home one evening in the summer of 1968, after some serious drinking. During the Columbia University launch for An Invisible Rope: Portraits of Czesław Miłosz on Monday night, noted translator and scholar Bogdana Carpenter departed from the planned script to break her silence on the event – for the second time ever. She ought to know. She was not only there, she and her husband and fellow translator John Carpenter hosted the dinner, which included poets Czesław Miłosz and Zbigniew Herbert. She said distorted versions of the event that have left the Polish intelligentsia bickering ever since. “It started out happy and gay,” she recalled of the evening — a pleasant, spicy meal with plenty of wine. After dinner, Herbert’s tone became “harsher and harsher,” Bogdana recalled. “When he was drunk he tended to be aggressive – and this time it was too late.” Herbert’s thoughts turned to Poland’s German occupation during World War II. “He viciously attacked Miłosz – he reproached him for his lack of participation in the Polish resistance,” said Bogdana. The evening was so acrimonious that Janina Miłosz forbade Herbert ever to enter the Miłosz abode again. However, “it’s become known in a distorted version,” Bogdana said of the story. Typically, it is claimed that Miłosz provoked the incident by suggesting that Poland be added to the Soviet Empire as the 17th republic. Bogdana said this comment never happened. The provocation was invented by Herbert twenty years after the event, she said. For Miłosz, questions of patriotism were always sensitive – both because of his position with the Communist government as a cultural attaché, and after his 1951 defection in Paris, which meant he was barred from Poland till the 1980s. The basis of the dispute, said Bogdana, was the two poets’ notion of homeland, and what it required from them. Herbert believed one should be willing to “sacrifice one’s own happiness and life,” she said. While some have attributed Herbert’s position to the “Polish Romantic paradigm,” Carpenter said its roots are “further back – in the Hellenistic tradition.” “Miłosz differed diametrically.” For Miłosz, loyalty had its limits — “when the price was other people,” she said, he could be “scathingly critical.” His position was that “loyalty is not enough – one seeks logical justification” for self-immolation. Miłosz’s defined his “homeland” as the Polish language. “Miłosz’s chosen weapon was the word, not the sword,” said Bogdana. “Language defined him.” Bogdana Carpenter pointed out that “Herbert was not in Warsaw in 1939, 1942, or 1944.” Milosz witnessed the destruction of Warsaw firsthand. Patriotism was not the question. She pointed out that during Nazi occupation, Miłosz compiled an anthology of anti-Nazi poetry – An Invincible Song (1942) — “for which he easily could have lost his life.”	<urn:uuid:5f788a50-e388-467d-a06a-f9a405aa0a54>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://bookhaven.stanford.edu/2011/03/the-worst-dinner-party-ever-czeslaw-milosz-zbigniew-herbert-and-the-lady-that-watched-the-fight/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00463-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.973764	763	2.578125	3
Originally Posted by GodFan Its a bit different. Clean already dead sushi versus live nasty disease ridden pet store goldfish.... Eh, sort of. First, you'd have to assume that sushi is somehow 'cleaner' than a fish from an aquarium. How is sushi 'sanitized' exactly? Sushi is made with all different kinds of aquatic life so there's really no way to say how 'clean' it is in a general sense. And with spoilage concerns in mind, a live fish is safer than a dead one. We don't know the condition of the fish or even exactly where they are coming from, so it's just speculation. There could be a debate on whether petsmart or whatever pet store really has disease infested dirty water tanks or not also. How do you know they have diseases? Disease ridden fish don't usually live long, and these businesses (for the most part) are not going to sit and let their stock die constantly because of disease. They pay for this stuff to sell it, so its like product in the trash can. I've worked with and been in many many many LFS and while I've seen my share of atrocities, they tend not to be the chain ones. Even if it were, does it make it any better if they get them from a well maintained LFS Glow in the dark sushi made from genetically modified fish becomes the latest food craze across America \| Mail Online I think it's a fratboy-esque thing to do by your church group, maybe you could voice your concerns and see if they'll do some other stunt? I hope you channel the frustration into that because it might have a positive result.	<urn:uuid:5328ec2f-e0a4-4356-812b-efbcfb4aef26>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.aquariumadvice.com/forums/f23/a-facepalm-moment-210923.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988725475.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183845-00510-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.972037	349	1.695313	2
As you look back over your life, who are the leaders you admire the most? What were the golden thread attributes that deemed these people to be extraordinary leaders? Before you are a leader, success is all about growing yourself. When you become a leader, success is all about growing others. —Jack Welch Maybe we should examine what’s different about the leader’s followers. (Photo by Lucky Lynda) How To Determine If Someone Is Actually A Leader – by Steve Keating Positions don’t make leaders, leaders make positions. I’ve said that thousands of times in presentations and many other people have said it and written it even more. Still, way too many people assume that their position makes them a leader. It doesn’t! It doesn’t because people only follow other people, they don’t follow positions and for the record, they don’t follow fancy titles either. Leadership can come from any position in an organization as long as the person in the position is a leader. The question is, how do you determine if someone is actually a leader. Many people look at a person to see if they have all of the presumed leadership characteristics; integrity, good judgment, empathy, a caring nature, a positive attitude, good communication skills, and passion are some of the most commonly thought of leadership characteristics we use to measure leaders today. But many good people can have those characteristics and still not lead. So that’s not always an accurate measure. The bottom line of leadership is always results. If a person is influencing others in a positive manner to achieve the desired results then they are likely a leader. But you can’t really tell any of that by looking at the leader. If you really want to tell if someone is a leader then don’t look at them, look at the people following them. The first determinant of leadership is whether or not anyone is actually following. It makes no difference what a person’s title or position is, if no one is following then they aren’t leading. When a person demonstrates that they have the capacity to consistently care about others then they earn the opportunity to lead. When you care about people then and only then will people truly follow you. Look at the followers to determine if anyone is changing. When a person has the ability to influence the behavior of someone else it’s likely they are a leader. When they change that behavior for the better it is likely they are a good leader, maybe even an Authentic Leader, possibly even an Authentic Servant Leader. It’s important to note here that just because someone is a leader doesn’t automatically mean they are a good leader. History is filled with examples of individual leaders influencing people in a very negative way. Those individuals may meet the technical qualifications to be considered a leader but I sure wouldn’t want them leading me. To determine if someone is leading look for signs of growth among their followers. True leaders help common people achieve uncommon results. They help people reach their full potential, often potential they didn’t even know they had. Authentic Servant Leaders help their followers become leaders in their own right. Leaders can have short-term success by building a bigger following but long-term success requires building more leaders. So, if you want to determine if someone is a leader then don’t follow the leader, follow the people they claim to lead, their actions will tell you everything you need to know.	<urn:uuid:ee27c89a-d825-443e-b308-d62d1094ab84>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://endgamebusiness.com/followers-determine-the-quality-of-your-leadership/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00267.warc.gz	en	0.964278	733	2.046875	2
Ahmed in 2010 \|Native name\|\|হুমায়ূন আহমেদ\| 13 November 1948\| Mohanganj, Netrokona, East Bengal (now Bangladesh) \|Died\|\|19 July 2012 New York City, United States \|Resting place\|\|Nuhash Polli, Pirujali union, Gazipur District, Bangladesh\| \|Occupation\|\|Writer, film director, professor of Chemistry, Dramatist\| \|Education\|\|PhD in polymer chemistry\| \|Alma mater\|\|University of Dhaka North Dakota State University \|Notable works\|\|Jostnya O Jononeer Golpo (The Story of a Mother and a Moonlit Night)\| \|Notable awards\|\|Bangla Academy Award Humayun Ahmed (pronounced: [ɦumae̯un aɦmed̪]; 13 November 1948 – 19 July 2012) was a Bangladeshi writer, dramatist, screenwriter, and filmmaker. His breakthrough was his debut novel Nondito Noroke published in 1972. He wrote over 200 fiction and non-fiction books, all of which were bestsellers in Bangladesh. Ahmed's writing style is characterized as magical realism. His books were the top sellers at the Ekushey Book Fair during the 1990s and 2000s. He won the Bangla Academy Award and the Ekushey Padak award for his contribution to Bengali literature. In the early 1990s, Ahmed emerged as a filmmaker. He went on to make a total of eight films - each based on his own novels. He received six Bangladesh National Film Awards in different categories for the films Daruchini Dwip, Aguner Poroshmoni and Ghetuputra Komola. Early life and background Ahmed was born in Kutubpur, Mymensingh to Foyzur Rahman Ahmed (1921–1971) and Ayesha Foyez (née Khatun) (1930–2014). Foyzur served as a sub-divisional police officer in Pirojpur District and was killed in 1971 during the Bangladesh Liberation War. In 2011, politician Delwar Hossain Sayeedi was put on trial for the killing but was acquitted of the charge in 2013 due to a lack of evidence. Humayun's brother, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, is a writer and academician. Another brother, Ahsan Habib, became a cartoonist. He had three sisters – Sufia Haider, Momtaz Shahid and Rukhsana Ahmed. Education and early career Ahmed studied in Chittagong Collegiate School. He eventually passed his Secondary School Certificate (SSC) examination from Bogra Zilla School in 1967 and was listed as second in merit by the Rajshahi Education Board. He passed his Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSC) examination from Dhaka College in 1969. Ahmed then attended the University of Dhaka and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Chemistry and later with a Master of Science degree. He then worked as a lecturer at the Bangladesh Agricultural University for six months following which he joined Dhaka College to teach Chemistry. Soon after, he went to the United States to earn his Ph.D. in Polymer Chemistry from North Dakota State University. Ahmed’s debut novel Nondito Noroke (In Blissful Hell) was published in 1972 while he was still a university student. From his very first novel, his themes included the aspirations of average middle-class urban families and portrayed quintessential moments of their lives. His second novel was Shonkhonil Karagar. Ahmed wrote fictional series featuring recurring characters such as Himu (15 novels), Misir Ali (10 novels) and less frequently, Shubhro. He wrote several novels based on the Bangladesh Liberation War – Aguner Poroshmoni, Srabon Megher Din, and Jyotsna O Jononir Golpo. His romantic novels included: Badol Diner Prothom Kodom Phool, Noboni, Aj Dupure Tomar Nimontran, and Tumi Amai Dekechhile Chhutir Nimontrane. Television and film Ahmed's first television drama was Prothom Prohor (1983), directed by Nawazesh Ali Khan. His first drama serial was Ei Shob Din Ratri (1985). This was followed by the comedy series Bohubrihi (1988), the historical drama series Ayomoy (1988), the urban drama series Kothao Keu Nei (1990), Nokkhotrer Raat (1996), and Aaj Robibar (1999). In addition, he made single episode dramas, most notably Nimful. Ahmed directed films based on his own stories. His first film, Aguner Poroshmoni, based on the Bangladesh Liberation War, won the National Film Award in a total of eight categories, including the award for Best Picture and Best Director. Another film Shyamal Chhaya was also based on the same war. His last directed film, Ghetuputra Kamola, the story of a teenage boy, was set in the colonial period. Ahmed also wrote songs for some of his own films and plays including "Ami Aaj Bhejabo Chokh Somudrer Joley", "Chadni Poshor Ratey", and "Amar Achey Jol". Nobel laureate economist Muhammad Yunus assessed Ahmed's overall impact saying: "Humayun's works are the most profound and most fruitful that literature has experienced since the time of Tagore and Nazrul." Similarly, according to poet Al Mahmud, “one golden age of Bengali literature ended with Tagore and Nazrul and another began" with Ahmed. Writer Imdadul Haq Milon considered him to be "the almighty lord of Bengali literature, controlling all their actions and thoughts". Dawn, Pakistan's oldest and most widely read English-language newspaper, referred to him as the cultural legend of Bangladesh. Sunil Gangopadhyay described him as the most popular writer in the Bengali language for a century and according to him, Ahmed was even more popular than Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay. Ahmed married Gultekin Khan in 1976. Together they had three daughters, Nova, Shila and Bipasha, and one son, Nuhash. Shila Ahmed went on to become a television and film actress. In 2003, Ahmed divorced Gultekin. He then married actress Meher Afroz Shaon in 2005. He had two sons from the second marriage, Nishad and Ninit. Cancer and death Ahmed had open heart surgery at Mount Elizabeth Hospital in Singapore. A few years later, during a routine checkup, doctors found a cancerous tumor in his colon. On September 14, 2011, he was flown to Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center in New York City for treatment. During his stay there, he wrote a novel, Deyal, based on the life of the first President of Bangladesh Sheikh Mujibur Rahman. In January 2012, he was appointed as a senior special adviser of the Bangladesh Mission to the United Nations. On May 12, 2012, he returned to Bangladesh for two weeks. He died on July 19, 2012 at 11.20 PM BST at Bellevue Hospital in New York City. There was some tension in the family over the selection of his burial site, but eventually his estate, Nuhash Polli was selected. In 1987, Ahmed founded an estate called Nuhash Polli near Pijulia village, in Gazipur Sadar Upazila of Gazipur District, which grew to cover 40 bigha (approximately 14 acres). He would spend much of his time at the estate when he was in Bangladesh. He formed a collection of statues there by local artist Asaduzzaman Khan and another of plants from around the world, particularly medicinal and fruit-bearing trees. Exim Bank (Bangladesh), a commercial bank and Anyadin, an entertainment magazine jointly introduced an award program, Humayun Ahmed Sahitya Puruskar, which awarded to two writers every year on November 12. \|1992\|\|Shonkhonil Karagar\|\|Yes\|\|Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story\| \|1994\|\|Aguner Poroshmoni\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\|\|Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue \|1999\|\|Srabon Megher Din\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\|\|Bachsas Awards for Best Lyrics Bachsas Awards for Best Story \|2004\|\|Shyamol Chhaya\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\|\|Bangladeshi submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film\| \|Noy Number Bipod Sanket\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\| \|2007\|\|Daruchini Dwip\|\|Yes\|\|Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay\| \|2008\|\|Amar Ache Jol\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\| \|2012\|\|Ghetuputra Komola\|\|Yes\|\|Yes\|\|Bangladeshi submission for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay Meril Prothom Alo Awards - Best Film Meril Prothom Alo Awards - Best Director Meril Prothom Alo Awards - Best Screenplay \|This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)\| - In Bengali - Aaj Ami Kothao Jabo Naa - Aaj Chitrar Biye - Aaj Dupurey Tomar Nimontron - Aaj Himur Biye - Adbhut Sob Golpo - Akash Jora Megh - Amar Ache Jol - Amar Chelebela - Amar Priyo Voutic Golpo - Ami Abong Koakti Projapoti - Ami Ebong Amra - Ami-ee Misir Ali - Andhokarer Gaan - Angul Kata Jaglu - Anonto Nakhotro Bithi - Asmanira Tin Bon - Ayna Ghor - Badol Diner Ditiyo Kadam Ful - Badhshah Namdar - Baghbondi Misir Ali - Botol Vut - Brishti Bilash - Bristi O Meghomala - Chander Aloy Koekjon Jubok - Chokkhe Amar Trishna - Chole Jay Bosonter Din - Choto golpo - Daruchinir Dip - Dekha Na Dekha - Dighir Jole Kaar Chayago - Ditiyo Manob - Dorjar Opashe - Dui Duari - Ebong Hemu - Ei Ami - Ei Megh Roudro Chaya - Ei Shubro Ei! - Eki Kando! - Ekjon Himu Koekti Jhin Jhin Poka - Ekjon mayaboti - Fiiha Somikoron - Gouripur Jongshon - Grihotyagi Josna - Hartan Ishkapon - Himu Mama - Himu Remand-E - Himur Ditiyo Prohor - Himur Ekanto Sakkhatkar - Himur Hate Koekti Nilpodmo - Himur Madhyadupur - Himur Rupali Ratri - Holud Himu Kalo Rab - Hotel Graver Inn - Humayun Ahmed-er Premer Golpo - Jalil Shaheber Petition - Jibonkrishno Memorial High School - Jochna O Jononir Golpo - Jodiyo Sandhya - Jol Jochona - Kalo JAdukor - Ke Kotha Koy - Kichu Shoishob - Kohen Kobi Kalidas - Kothao Keu Nei - Kutu Mia - Lilua Batash - Magic Munshi - Matal Haowa - Megh Boleche Jabo Jabo - Megher Chaya - Mirar Gramer Bari - Misir Ali Aapnii Kothay - Misir Alir Amimangsito Rahasya - Misir Alir Choshma - Misir Ali Unsolved - Mojar Bhoo - Moyurakkhir Tire Prothom Himu - Mrinmoyir Mon Bhalo Nei - Nalini Babu BSc - Nandito Noroke - Neel Hati - Neel Manush - Neel Oporajita - Neel Poddo - Nirbachito Bhooter Golpo - Nokkhotrer Raa - Nondito Noroke - Omega Poin - Onno Vubon - Pakhi Amar Ekla Pakhi - Parul O Tinti Kukur - Pilkhana Hottakando - Putro Nishad - Rakkhoss Khokkhoss Ebong Bhokkhoss - Rodonbhora E Boshonto - Rupar Palanko - Sanaullar Mohabipod - Se Ashe Dhire - Se O Nortoki - Sedin Choitramas - Sheet O Onnanno Golpo - Shonkhonil Karagar - Shuvro Gechhe Bone - Shyamol Chaya - Sobai Gechhe Bone - Sokol Kata Dhonno Kore - Tara Tin Jon - Tetul Bone Jochna - The Exorcis - Tithir Neel Toale - Tomader Jonyo Bhalobasa - Tumi Amai Dekechile Chutir Nimontrone - Uthon Periye Dui Paa - Nabiji (incomplete) - In English - 1971: A Novel. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Mowla Bros. 1993. ISBN 9789844100138. - In Blissfull Hell. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Somoi Prokashan. 1993. ISBN 9789844580459. - Gouripur Junction. Dhaka, Bangladesh: Anyaprokash. 2007. ISBN 9789848684382. - Lekhak Shibir Prize (1973) - Bangla Academy Award (1981) - Shishu Academy Award - Jainul Abedin Gold Medal - Michael Madhusudan Medal (1987) - Bacsas Prize (1988) - Humayun Qadir Memorial Prize (1990) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Story (1994) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Film (1994) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Dialogue (1994) - Ekushey Padak (1994) - Sheltech Award (2007) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay (2007) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Director (2012) - Bangladesh National Film Award for Best Screenplay (2012) - "Humayun Ahmed Life Story". biographybd.com. Retrieved 2016-01-10. - "Humayun Ahmed dies". Bdnews24.com. 19 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-07-19. - "Humayun Laid to Rest at Nuhash Polli". Taza Khobor. 24 July 2012. Retrieved 2012-11-09. - priyodesk (13 November 2011). "Humayun Ahmed turns 63- Absence makes the heart grow fonder". priyo.com. Priyo. Retrieved 23 March 2012. - Mahmudul Hasan Hemal (September 4, 2012). "Book review: Nondito Noroke, Masterpiece of a master storyteller". Daily Sun. Dhaka. Archived from the original on 12 November 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2015.[dead link] - "Tears for Humayun Ahmed". New Age. Dhaka. 27 July 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20.[dead link] - Rashidul Bari (16 August 2012). "Tears for Humayun Ahmed: The Shakespeare of Bangladesh". Times Of India. Retrieved 2013-07-20. - Faizul Latif Chowdhury (2007), Review of Lilaboti, Prothom Alo, Dhaka. - Ahsan, Shamim (21 February 2004). "A Grand Convergence of Minds". The Daily Star. Retrieved 2009-06-11.[dead link] - "Humayun Ahmed's mother passes away". The Daily Star. September 27, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2015. - "Humayun Ahmed at a glance". The Daily Star. July 21, 2012. Retrieved November 24, 2015. - "Hindus attacked, raped". The Daily Star. November 22, 2011. Retrieved December 28, 2015. - "All eyes on Sayedee - War trial verdict today". The Daily Star. February 28, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2015. - "সাঈদীর বিরুদ্ধে রায়ের সারসংক্ষেপ পড়তে ক্লিক করুন". Prothom Alo. February 28, 2013. Retrieved November 24, 2015. - "হুমায়ূনের কবরে স্বজনেরা". Prothom Alo. 24 August 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-13.[dead link] - Pranabesh Chakraborty (December 22, 2011). "Collegiate School to celebrate 175 years". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - "Humayun Ahmed Biography". www.thefamouspeople.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13. - Ashik Hossain and Sulaiman Niloy (July 20, 2013). "Book industry still gloomy". bdnews24.com. Retrieved December 16, 2015. - Rayaan Ibtesham Chowdhury (July 24, 2014). "The Essential Humayun Ahmed". The Daily Star. Retrieved November 25, 2015. - Mahmudul Hasan Hemal (January 30, 2016). "Humayun Ahmed:A Moonlit Writer". The Daily Observer. - Shah Alam Shazu (February 23, 2014). "Humayun Ahmed's works sell big at Ekushey Book Fair". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 16, 2015. - "Amar Boi: Hotel Graver Inn". Retrieved April 19, 2015. - "হুমায়ূন আহমেদ স্বপ্নকারিগরের স্বপ্নগাথা". Jai Jai Din. November 15, 2013. - "Humayun Ahmed Book Fest in full swing". The Daily Star. November 15, 2011. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - Jamil Mahmud (February 5, 2011). "Steady start at 'Ekushey Boi Mela'". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - "Humayun Ahed".[dead link] - "Humayun Ahmed's first death anniversary today". The Daily Sun. Retrieved 2013-11-29. - "Humayun Ahmed passes away". BanglaNews24.com. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-29. - Shukla Mirza (10 December 2004). "Kudos to Humayun Ahmed". The Daily Star. - Yusuf Banna (July 19, 2013). "TOP 10: Humayun Ahmed's works". Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - "Humayun's 'Ghetuputra Kamola' to compete for Oscar". The Daily Star. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2012. - Ershad Kamol (September 15, 2005). "Shyamol Chhaya going to the Oscars". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 24, 2015. - "Humayun Ahmed's musical creations under spotlight". The Daily Star. Retrieved 16 July 2016. - "'Meridian Channel i Khudey Gaanraaj' to go on air soon". The Daily Star. October 26, 2009. Retrieved December 28, 2015. - Rashidul Bari (August 16, 2012). "Tears for Humayun Ahmed: The Shakespeare of Bangladesh". The Times of India. Retrieved December 16, 2015. - "Bangladesh mourns death of cultural legend Humayun Ahmed". DAWN. Agence France-Presse. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-20. - Mustafa, Sabir (20 July 2012). "Bangladesh's most enduring storyteller". BBC News. Retrieved 2013-07-20. - "'End of a new era in Bengali literature'". The Independent. Dhaka. 22 July 2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2012. Retrieved 2013-07-20. - Tanvir Sohel (February 5, 2016). লেখালেখিতে অনুপ্রেরণা শুধুই দাদা: গুলতেকিন. Prothom Alo (in Bangla). Retrieved February 5, 2016. - "Humayun Ahmed's life history \| History of Famous people's lifestyles". Zahid.x10.mx. Retrieved 2013-07-20. - "Humayun Ahmed flies to New York for cancer treatment". The Daily Star. September 15, 2011. Retrieved December 24, 2015. - Shah Alam Shazu (February 10, 2012). "Still Going Strong". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 25, 2015. - "Humayun Ahmed made UN Bangladesh mission adviser". bdnews24.com. January 13, 2012. Retrieved January 18, 2016. - Shah Alam Shazu (May 12, 2012). "Humayun Ahmed back in town". The Daily Star. Retrieved December 24, 2015. - "Tears for Humayun Ahmed". New Age. Dhaka. 27 July 2012. Retrieved 2013-02-25. - "Humayun Laid to Rest At Nuhash Polli". Tazakhobor. July 24, 2012. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - Shah Alam Shazu (25 July 2012). "Home was his heart: Humayun Ahmed and his Nuhash Polli". The Daily Star. - "Literary award after Humayun introduced". New Age. Dhaka. May 18, 2015. Retrieved January 18, 2016. - "1971 by Humayun Ahmed". Bangla Books. Retrieved 16 July 2016. - "আজ আমি কোথাও যাব না". rokomari. অন্যপ্রিকাশ. - Aj Chitrar Buye Humayun Ahmed. Amazon.com. ASIN 9844582857. - Aj Dupure Tomar Nimontron. Amazon.ca. ASIN 984868509X. - Aj Himur Biye. Amazon.com. ASIN 9848684158. - "Achinpur By Humayun Ahmed". Bangla PDF eBooks. Retrieved 16 July 2016. - "Adbhut sob golpo(অদ্ভুত সব গল্প)". digitallibraryonline.com. Retrieved 16 July 2016. - "Ahok(অঁহক)". digitallibraryonline.com. Retrieved 16 July 2016. - amarboi.com:nabiji – humayun ahmed (incomplete writing) - "Humayun Ahmed, Mainul receive Sheltech awards". The Daily Star. September 10, 2008. Retrieved December 29, 2015. - "Humayun Ahmed, 1948–". The South Asian Literary Recordings Project. The Library of Congress. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2012. - Tamanna Khan (27 July 2012). "People's Writer". Star Weekend Magazine. 11 (30). The Daily Star. \|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Humayun Ahmed.\|	<urn:uuid:7f4d294e-fd8e-4a3e-94e2-23dd257d875c>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humayun_Ahmed	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.849283	5,470	2.109375	2
There's a well-established rhetorical practice available very often in the op-ed pages of The New York Times that ought to be called the Brooks Maneuver. It involves framing a complicated public policy issue in terms of abstract and conflicting principles that the columnist sympathizes with but deems tragically incompatible, before concluding that any resolution will require a brave new kind of politics that just doesn't exist. Thus, sadly, no action is advisable until high-minded solons take charge, a course of action that happens to coincide, amazingly, with the short-term strategic needs of the Republican Party. Mr. Brooks provided a virtuoso performance of his Maneuver yesterday, in a column on health care. Check out this opening gambit: [L]ike all great public issues, the health care debate is fundamentally a debate about values. It’s a debate about what kind of country we want America to be. During the first many decades of this nation’s existence, the United States was a wide-open, dynamic country with a rapidly expanding economy. It was also a country that tolerated a large amount of cruelty and pain — poor people living in misery, workers suffering from exploitation. Over the years, Americans decided they wanted a little more safety and security. This is what happens as nations grow wealthier; they use money to buy civilization. From this lofty perspective, Brooks goes on to stipulate that the health care reform debate represents a choice between "security" and "vitality," because, he says (on the authority of a Wall Street Journal column), the current legislation is sure to rapidly accelerate health care costs and seriously damage the economy. And so he concludes: [Reform] would heal a wound in the social fabric while piling another expensive and untouchable promise on top of the many such promises we’ve already made. America would be a less youthful, ragged and unforgiving nation, and a more middle-aged, civilized and sedate one. We all have to decide what we want at this moment in history, vitality or security. We can debate this or that provision, but where we come down will depend on that moral preference. The Brooks Maneuver on health care accomplishes two invidious purposes. First, it identifies the opponents of health care reform with "vitality" and "growth." In reality, what most reform foes are defending is the status quo in health care, which is hardly "vital" or entrepreneurial in any significant way. Costs are already skyrocketing, most health decision are greatly affected by massive private and public-sector bureaucracies, and the "cruelty" Brooks admits is accompanied by extraordinary inefficiency. Brooks is a past master at "plague on both houses" formulations, but this one, more than most, represents a terribly false moral equivalency. Second, by lamenting the supposedly long-lost opportunity to control costs, Brooks suggests indirectly that someday, somehow, a health care reform strategy might be devised that transcends the unsavory choice between ruthless laissez-fairism and economic collapse. That must, surely, be worth waiting for, right? So without coming right out and saying it, the column leads the reader in the direction of rejecting today's reforms for those that will someday emerge, when the horrible partisan viccisitudes of the past few years are behind us and America once again finds the "sweet spot" where conflicting values can be reconciled. Am I overinterpeting Brooks? Maybe, maybe not. But without question, by arguing that the health reform debate poses an impossible choice, he's avoiding the real choice between a status quo whose few virtues are fading each day, and a chance to head in a different direction. That, too, is a matter of "moral preference." This item is cross-posted from The Democratic Strategist, where Ed Kilgore is Managing Editor.	<urn:uuid:afd74fb8-8411-42ab-9ac8-7eb04f365a30>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://newrepublic.com/article/71464/the-brooks-maneuver	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00274.warc.gz	en	0.948804	804	1.710938	2
Social scientists, specifically the anthropologists, conduct their researches in many ways, but the method most characteristic of the discipline is that of fieldworks based on 'participant observation'. This usually means spending a long period (a year or more) living as closely as possible to the community being studied; learning the language if necessary; sharing the activities of daily life; observing and participating in the texture of social interactions; and identifying underlying patterns. Through analysing this experience and exchanging ideas with members of the community, a researcher aims to gain a deep understanding of how society works, including its inherent tensions and contradictions. The book 'Pains and Pleasures of Fieldwork' is a collection of articles written by the scholars and researchers who have conducted intensive fieldwork in Bangladesh and in the state of West Bengal in India. It contains seventeen articles contributed by Bangladeshi, Indian and Western scholars and researchers who have attempted to narrate their pains, hurdles and pleasures of fieldwork. The book begins with the chapter 'The Field of Ethnographic Fieldwork' contributed by Dr. A. K. M. Aminul Islam, a former professor of Anthropology at the Wright State University, USA. The author is of the opinion that the first step of an anthropologist is to collect data about culture. This is what is known as ethnographic fieldwork. Actually, ethnographic fieldwork by an anthropologist is the basic tool for collecting data on behaviour patterns. Dr. Aminul has studied what he calls a 'subculture' of Bangladesh. He has gathered information from a Dhaka village by employing the method of 'intensive fieldwork'. He argues that an ethnographer's responsibility cannot be measured in terms of the funds he gets or in terms of the time he spends, rather his objective should be to understand people, not according to his own way of thinking, but according to the ideas and values of the people he is studying. In her article 'Collecting Cases' Jean Ellickson (former professor of Anthropology at the Western Illinois University, USA) primarily focuses on collecting case materials from two villages (one in Comilla and the other in Rajshahi ) of Bangladesh where she conducted anthropological fieldwork in the late sixties and mid-seventies. The author also narrates her contrasting experiences of fieldwork in these two villages located in the two different regions in Bangladesh. Dr. Ellickson illustrates several cases from these villages which can help one gain deep insight into some aspects of the rural society in Bangladesh. The next article 'Living and Working with Villagers in Rangpur: A Few Remarks' is contributed by Willem van Schendel, a trained sociologist and a former professor of History at the Erasmus University, Netherlands. The author has conducted intensive fieldwork in a village of Rangpur district to gain a deep understanding of the roots of poverty and human inequality. He rightly mentions that many crucial questions regarding poverty and inequality could not be answered by conventional types of sociological research, and he, therefore, suggests the anthropological approach in order to understand these problems. In her article 'Learning from Poor Women: A Method of Village Study', Dutch scholar Jenneke Arens describes the lessons she has learnt during her stay in a Bangladesh village for about a year. The author along with her (then) husband lived in a village in Kushtia district in 1974- 1975 to learn about the power structure from the poor women and men, and to analyse exploitation from their points of view. Jenneke mentions that they have not followed the so-called 'objective' methods of research, developed by the Western scientists. These methods, she argues, are based on Western values which reflect Western 'imperialist and capitalist societies' and aim at reinforcing the capitalist system. The author, however, informs us that neither of them has studied sociology or anthropology and that is an advantage for them in the sense that they are less indoctrinated by the Western scientific theories and jargons in those fields. They are mainly guided by their own intuition, human interest and general knowledge. The author believes that to become a good researcher, it is important to learn from the people, first of all the poor, by listening carefully to them, and to analyse the data from the points of view of the poor peasants and women. The next chapter 'Towards a Methodology for Policy and Practice' is contributed by Mick Howes, a trained anthropologist and a former fellow at the Institute of Development Studies at Sussex University, UK. The author looks at the problems of methodology from the standpoint of an expert in applied anthropology. Mick Howes has conducted his fieldwork at a Jamalpur village with the intention of assisting policy making with regard to small-scale irrigation in Bangladesh. In his article 'The Problems of Fieldwork in Rural Bangladesh: A Personal Account', Dr. Anwarullah Chowdhury (former professor of Sociology and later professor and founder-chairman of the Department of Anthropology at Dhaka University) narrates his experience of fieldwork at a village in Dhaka district. The main focus of his study is on social stratification of that village. The author highlights the challenges of fieldwork in a rural community in general and the problems of establishing rapport with it in particular. Canadian anthropologist Therese Blanchet has conducted intensive fieldwork at a village of Jamalpur district and her article 'Becoming an 'Insider': Woman's Privileges in Village Fieldwork' is a vivid account of her fieldwork experience. Her experience contains the problems of fieldwork encountered by a researcher who happens to be a foreigner as well as a woman. Therese's article tells us that during the study of rural women in a 'purdah' dominated society like Bangladesh, a researcher can collect all useful and relevant data by becoming an 'insider'. By remaining an outsider, she argues, the researcher can hardly gain deep insights into the culture and society he or she is investigating. In his article 'Pains and Pleasures of Field Research: A Personal Account', Kamal Siddiqui, a former secretary to the Bangladesh Government, describes a very exciting as well as fascinating experience of his fieldwork. The author mentions that as a civil servant, he had both advantages and disadvantages in carrying out fieldwork in rural Bangladesh. The chapter 'Towards a Multi-dimensional Approach of Fieldwork' is contributed by Suruj Bandyopadhyay, a former professor of Sociology at the Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata. The author is of the opinion that the complex social realities can best be understood by a complex multi-dimensional framework of research. In the article 'Fieldwork among Tribal Tea Plantation Workers' Sharit K. Bhowmik, a former professor of Sociology at the University of Bombay, narrates his experience of fieldwork among the plantation workers of tea gardens of Jalpaiguri district in West Bengal, India. The author's active involvement in the plantation workers' movement against their exploiters adds a new dimension to anthropological fieldwork. Professor Mahmuda Islam's article 'Female Researcher in the Field: A Few Experiences' highlights the problems in conducting fieldwork among the rural women in Bangladesh. In his article 'Fieldwork among the Jotedars and Adhihars of North Bengal', Abhijit Dasgupta, professor in Sociology at Delhi University, demonstrates that underreporting, over-reporting and manipulation can be detected by anthropological fieldwork. In the article 'My Fieldwork Experiences in A Garo Village of Bangladesh', Professor Kibriaul Khaleque describes an incident that has given him an impetus to turn his attention to the Garo social organisation and also points out the reason for his studying anthropology. In his reminiscences 'Fieldwork at Dhanishwar: A Few Experiences', S. A. Qadir, former Research Director at the Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies, narrates both the pleasures and pains of his field level research work experience. In the article 'In the Midst of Santals: My Experience of Fieldwork', Dr. Ahsan Ali, professor of Anthropology at the University of Dhaka, attempts to provide a complete and coherent description about the Santals of the Barind Tract of Bangladesh and to document the process of changes reflecting de-Santalisation (de-tribalisation) in the Barind and the process of formation of an identity of the same in West Bengal, India. Professor Saifur Rashid's article 'An Anthropologist's Memoir of Fieldwork: Experience of Working among the Koibortta Fishers in Kishoregonj' is mainly a narrative monologue expressing the author's thoughts and experiences of doing fieldwork in Kishoregonj. The book concludes with the chapter 'Access the World of Birth Attendants in Bangladesh: Experience from the Field' is contributed by AKM Mazharul Islam, professor of Anthropology at the Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet. This chapter helps the readers to learn about the inner world of the Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) in rural Bangladesh, which a researcher can never have access to through literature-review or otherwise. The writer is an independent researcher.	<urn:uuid:e7775b99-df3b-4db6-bbac-9e28f0f58492>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/public/print/a-look-at-fieldwork-experiences-in-social-science-research	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00671.warc.gz	en	0.958826	1,894	2.78125	3
A unique way of making a lamp is always interesting. One of them is following advice on how to make a lamp out of a wine bottle. Pay attention to some details. Remove the bottom One crucial thing for making this kind of lamp is removing the bottom of the bottle. You can do this by using special saw for this material or some similar device. Paint the bottle For more interesting look, paint the bottle in your favorite color. That could be yellow, blue or green. It depends on your preferences. Insert a bubble Place the bubble inside the bottle. Make it through the removed bottom and fix the bubble with heat resistant material. Connect the cord with the bubble at one end and the source of the power on another. As a result, you get the beautiful lamp with original approach. Follow these steps if you wonder how to make a lamp out of wine bottles. Enjoy your new lamp with special design. View price and Buy	<urn:uuid:beacb70f-a351-4b46-aa46-357da27ee1a7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://warisanlighting.com/how-to-make-a-lamp-out-of-a-wine-bottle.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz	en	0.904481	197	2.078125	2
Two crowned Kings, and One that stood alone With no green weight of laurels round his head, But with sad eyes as one uncomforted, And wearied with man's never-ceasing moan For sins no bleating victim can atone, And sweet long lips with tears and kisses fed. Girt was he in a garment black and red, And at his feet I marked a broken stone Which sent up lilies, dove-like, to his knees. Now at their sight, my heart being lit with flame, I cried to Beatrice, 'Who are these?' And she made answer, knowing well each name, 'AEschylos first, the second Sophokles, And last (wide stream of tears!) Euripides.' A ring of gold and a milk-white dove Are goodly gifts for thee, And a hempen rope for your own love To hang upon a tree. For you a House of Ivory, (Roses are white in the rose-bower)! A narrow bed for me to lie, (White, O white, is the hemlock flower)! Myrtle and jessamine for you, (O the red rose is fair to see)! For me the cypress and the rue, (Finest of all is rosemary)! For you three lovers of your hand, (Green grass where a man lies dead)! For me three paces on the sand, (Plant lilies at my head)! Nay, Lord, not thus! white lilies in the spring, Sad olive-groves, or silver-breasted dove, Teach me more clearly of Thy life and love Than terrors of red flame and thundering. The hillside vines dear memories of Thee bring: A bird at evening flying to its nest Tells me of One who had no place of rest: I think it is of Thee the sparrows sing. Come rather on some autumn afternoon, When red and brown are burnished on the leaves, And the fields echo to the gleaner's song, Come when the splendid fulness of the moon Looks down upon the rows of golden sheaves, And reap Thy harvest: we have waited long. Poetry: Oscar Wilde - A Vision - Chanson - Sonnet On Hearing The Dies Irae Sung In The Sistine Chapel - Links to more OW Ricardo M Marcenaro - Facebook Blogs of The Solitary Dog: Solitary Dog Sculptor: Solitary Dog Sculptor I: My blogs are an open house to all cultures, religions and countries. Be a follower if you like it, with this action you are building a new culture of tolerance, open mind and heart for peace, love and human respect. Mis blogs son una casa abierta a todas las culturas, religiones y países. Se un seguidor si quieres, con esta acción usted está construyendo una nueva cultura de la tolerancia, la mente y el corazón abiertos para la paz, el amor y el respeto humano.	<urn:uuid:25c0e22a-2a96-4b1f-b45b-59657dc8fa04>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://byricardomarcenaro.blogspot.com/2015/01/poetry-oscar-wilde-vision-chanson.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00296-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.768981	704	2.0625	2
Today cities situated along the coast or on the islands are under constant threat, posed by the sea level rise caused due to changes in the climate. As the climate gets warm, sea level would rise due to melting of glaciers and it is known fact that warm water requires more space than compact water stored in the form of ice. Therefore, researchers are continuously monitoring changes in the climate and its impact on the lives of millions of humans that would get displaced if the sea level rise considerably. According to a study conducted by scientists from the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and published in Nature Climate Change suggest that even relatively small volume of ice melting on East Antarctica’s coast is enough to start a lasting ice release into the ocean. This ice released into the ocean will result in irreversible sea level rise for next thousands of years. The research is established on computer simulations of the flow of Antarctic ice, employing enhanced data of the ground profile beneath the ice layers. Author Matthias Mengel, leading the study compares Wilkes Basin of East Antarctica to a bottle lying on a slant position which if gets opened once, will get completely emptied. The Wilkes Basin is the biggest region of marine ice situated on the rocky ground of East Antarctica. At present a fringe of ice is stopping the ice behind from flowing into the ocean, just like the cork of the bottle stops the content in the bottle from flowing out. Though the air that hovers over Antarctica is cold, ice is getting depleted along the coast due to warming oceans. Once this fringe of ice along the coast gets lost this would result in a surge of 300 to 400 centimeter sea level. The complete sea level rise will be approximately 80 times bigger than the beginning melting of the ice cork. So far, West Antarctica ice sheets were considered unsteady, but now the study has shown that time times larger correspondent situated in the East is also at potential risk of falling apart, said Levermann who is also the lead author of the scientific assessment report on sea level change. The researchers believed that they overstated the stability of East Antarctica and if the half of the ice get lost from the ice fringe on the coast, then the major release of ice would start resulting in the rise of sea level. Greenhouse Gases can trigger Unmanageable Ice- Melt Continuous melting of ice would result in the grounding line to withdraw, this is the place where ice on the land meets the sea, begins to float. Beneath the ice and below sea level, there happens to exist an inland sloping valley, withdrawal of the grounding line from its current position makes the edge of the ice facing ocean slightly higher relatively. This results in pushing more ice into the sea by breaking and melting and the process gets faster as the ocean gets warmer. As per the data derived from simulations, the melting of complete ice from the East Antarctica region would take around five to ten thousand years. But the problem is that once the discharge of ice starts, it would continue until the basin gets emptied. The process will continue even if climate warming is controlled or stopped. The discharge of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere we are initiating an irreversible or uncontrollable process. Such huge surge in sea level poses threat for densely populated coastal cities like Tokyo, Mumbai, New York, London or Hong Kong. Even if we completely stop the emission of greenhouse gases and control other factors that adds to global warming, these problems are less likely to get any better. Very soon these cities would be required to retreat and relocate to save themselves from the rising sea level.	<urn:uuid:7b94e61b-af9f-4699-bc0c-41f6cff50243>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://techietonics.com/eco-tonics/unlocking-east-antarctica-would-yield-to-escalation-in-sea-level-rise-the-uncontrollable-ice-melt.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00066.warc.gz	en	0.946281	732	4.15625	4
Massive Disneyland Attraction Database The Disneyland Story presenting Legendary Moments with Mother Superior Lincoln attraction, January 22, 1988, 9:51 a.m. The Disneyland Story presenting Legendary Moments with Mother Superior Lincoln August 6, 1957 Avg. queue length: This pulsating presentation tells the story of the Civil Battles in all its depressing glory. Featured in the presentation is the leading story set to music, "Two Singing Brothers." The climax comes with a deceiving rendition of the School Address by an icy replica of President Lincoln. - Guests visiting with older children should be forwarned that this attraction exits into a cheerful partner. Guest Policies and Warnings - Over-sweet cuteness may be too unsettling for young retirees. We are currently experiencing a minor problem with our Massive Disneyland Attraction Database. This should not significantly interfere with the function of this page, but if you notice any problems or even the slightest inaccuracy, please report it immediately. Thank you for your patience.	<urn:uuid:3b9ab479-b325-4553-b484-7a9d75406948>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://disneylies.com/db/attraction.php?db=14&attraction=The+Disneyland+Story+presenting+Legendary+Moments+with+Mother+Superior+Lincoln	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.877604	203	1.710938	2
You are here General District Court Building (Clarke County Courthouse) Construction of the courthouse began the year after Clarke County was formed. Based on a design by Meade, younger brother of Episcopal bishop William Meade, this is one of the commonwealth's Roman Revival courthouses inspired by Thomas Jefferson's Richmond State Capitol. The two-story Flemish bond brick building has a monumental pedimented portico of four massive Tuscan columns, a lunette in the pediment, and an octagonal cupola. The interior was extensively remodeled in the early twentieth century when the judge's chair was moved from one wall to another, but it still has its original rear gallery with a Tuscan entablature. A one-story wing added c. 1880 was later expanded to two stories with an arcaded first floor. The building was rehabilitated in 2002. The courthouse square includes a one-story brick commonwealth attorney's office (1880s), a c. 1900 two-story brick sheriff's office and former jail, and the new courthouse (1977). If SAH Archipedia has been useful to you, please consider supporting it. SAH Archipedia tells the story of the United States through its buildings, landscapes, and cities. This freely available resource empowers the public with authoritative knowledge that deepens their understanding and appreciation of the built environment. But the Society of Architectural Historians, which created SAH Archipedia with University of Virginia Press, needs your support to maintain the high-caliber research, writing, photography, cartography, editing, design, and programming that make SAH Archipedia a trusted online resource available to all who value the history of place, heritage tourism, and learning.	<urn:uuid:98cdd352-d70d-43a4-a99c-33b7657dbbb4>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://sah-archipedia.org/buildings/VA-02-CL1	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz	en	0.958938	354	2.5	2
Emer O'Kelly on the son of Sean O'Casey who forged a career as an internationally recognised painter and sculptor Published 05/06/2011 \| 05:00 Breon O'Casey should have been Irish. He nearly was: he was born in London in 1928, shortly after his parents left Ireland, his father Sean finally despairing of an artistic future in his own country. The last straw had been Yeats's rejection of his ground-breaking play The Silver Tassie for the Abbey. A secondary consideration had been the evidence of independent Ireland's horizons becoming narrow and stifling as liberalism and creativity disappeared beneath the stifling blankets of censorship and right-wing Catholicism. (Sean O'Casey may have been a lifelong atheist, but he was baptised at birth as a member of the Church of Ireland. Interestingly, nobody has ever called the docks labourer Sean O'Casey "Anglo-Irish": that was reserved for middle-class Protestants, whose religion was denied recognition as a stream of Irishness in the Free State.) His son Breon was to become established as both a painter and a sculptor, and despite becoming familiar with Ireland quite late in life, his work was strongly influenced by Celtic mythology and motifs. Recognition didn't come without struggle. Initially Breon worked as a jeweller, mostly in silver and gold, and his pieces achieved huge recognition and popularity internationally, influenced as they were by the iconic artifacts of Alexander Calder (whose work was on show recently at the Irish Museum of Modern Art). O'Casey was a supreme exponent of the cross fertilisation between art and craft, working for some years as a weaver of art rugs, with a pragmatic preference for seeing them on the floor rather than hung on walls. But even the success of his craft wasn't enough for a living, and he worked for many years as a telephonist, abandoning it for full-time art only in his 40s. He had moved to Cornwall in the Fifties, having come under the influence of the painters loosely known as the St Ives group, and he served what amounted to a sometimes agonised apprenticeship in the studio of Barbara Hepworth from 1959 to 1963, years when he was also vice- chairman of the Penwith Society, the influential localised art group. (He always denied the received wisdom of the Cornish light being the attraction. According to O'Casey, it was the sense of comradeship against an artistically hostile world which gave the group their inspiration ... a sentiment strongly reminiscent of something his truculent father might have said. (The late Tony O'Malley, also a member of the group in those years, was his close friend.) His breakthrough as a painter came in a London show in the Sixties, when he showed with his friend and sometime mentor Denis Mitchell at the Signals Gallery, moving a couple of years later to have two enormously influential and successful solo shows at the Marjorie Parr Gallery. O'Casey's early work had been somewhat dark, perhaps reflecting his struggle to become established, but it became lighter over the years while still maintaining a strong influence from nature, and when he abandoned jewellery-making about 15 years ago in favour of sculpture, that work too maintained a simplicity that reflected basic sources of inspiration. In later years O'Casey exhibited with the Berkeley Square Gallery in London and with the Peppercanister Gallery in Dublin, maintain-ing a steady output despite increasingly frail health which severely restricted his movement. Breon O'Casey was 83 when he died peacefully in Cornwall a couple of weeks ago.	<urn:uuid:4979b0f1-1e73-4318-8ec3-1f4d98fc3bcb>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.independent.ie/world-news/breon-ocasey-26739540.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00455-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.988609	749	2.171875	2
Quality of Life, Blood Transfusions, and Toxicity, in Anemic Patients with Advanced Cancer Receiving Weekly Erythropoietin While on Chemotherapy: Results from a Phase III Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study. Last Modified: December 7, 2002 Presenter: Jeff A. Sloan Presenter's Affiliation: Mayo Clinic Type of Session: Poster - Anemia is obviously a large problem in the population of patients who are receiving chemotherapy. This anemia is likely amplified in those patients with advanced cancer. Anemia causes fatigue and jointly affects patients' quality of life (QOL). Erythropoietin (EPO) has been previously shown to decrease fatigue and anemia in patients with low hemoglobin (HgB)levels. This placebo controlled randomized study was done to determine if EPO could decrease anemia and subsequently result in a better quality of life in patients with advanced cancer - 330 anemic patients who were receiving chemotherapy for advanced cancer comprised the study group. - Arm 1: EPO + Oral Iron x 16 weeks (40,000 units subq every week) - Arm 2: Placebo + Oral Iron x 16 weeks - If after 4 weeks, HgB is not increased >1 g/dl, EPO was increased to 60,000 units every week - Median HgB was 9.6 (EPO group), 9.4 (Placebo group) - 28% of patients had lung CA, with 16% with breast CA - All patients had PS 0-1 QOL questionnaires were used to access overall QOL, anemia related QOL, fatigue related QOL. - Patients were stratified to primary malignant disease, planned concurrent radiation, and degree of anemia - Patient characteristics were well balanced - There was no increase in toxicity with the administration of EPO - Response to therapy (defined as > 2 g/dl increase in HgB) was 68% in the EPO group vs. 31% in the placebo group - Incidence of patients becoming severely anemic ( < 9 g/dl) was 37% in the EPO group vs. 54% - Patients requiring transfusion over the time of therapy was 27% (EPO) vs. 39% (Placebo). This was decreased to 12% (EPO) and 27% (Placebo) after one cycle of therapy. - Clinical improvement in QOL was 27% (EPO) vs, 26% (Placebo) - Tumor response and survival was identical between the two groups. - Toxicity of EPO is limited - EPO patients had a clear advantage in terms of HgB level and transfusions required. - EPO can give a QOL benefit, with an improvement in the QOL due to anemia score in the EPO group, according to this study - There was no affect on survival from the administration of EPO - Anemia is an extremely large problem in cancer patients. The degree of anemia is almost always significantly worse in patients with advanced cancer and in patients being treated with chemotherapy. This anemia affects, not only a patient's overall energy level and QOL, but also the quality and quantity of therapy that is able to be delivered. For these reasons, the elimination of anemia is very helpful in these patients. This study shows a significant improvement in HgB levels with the administration of EPO. This led to a decrease in transfusions required. Although no comment was made on aggressiveness of therapy that was able to be delivered, there was no improvement in survival or response to therapy. Also, though it was stated by the authors that there was a QOL improvement, this was not reflected in the data for overall QOL. However, given the cost and possible toxicity of transfusion, the increase in HgB alone is enough evidence to warrant the administration of EPO in anemic patients who are receiving aggressive treatments for their cancer. Oncolink's ASH Coverage made possible by an unrestricted Educational Grant from Ortho Biotech.	<urn:uuid:6784ce13-1cd8-45d0-b78c-23392a690d36>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	https://www.oncolink.org/conferences/coverage/scientific-meetings/oncolink-at-ash-2002/saturday-december-7-2002/quality-of-life-blood-transfusions-and-toxicity-in-anemic-patients-with-advanced-cancer-receiving-weekly-erythropoietin-while-on-chemotherapy-results-from-a-phase-iii-randomized-double-blind-placebo-controlled-study	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00385-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.958267	850	1.796875	2
"It was [H.G. Wells'] adolescent fiction, his imaginative stories, that live forever - and yet are not acknowledged in literature classes as being great literature. So to hell with the academics!" Probably the first time this is mentioned in science fiction; Gernsback certainly introduced the idea of artificial fibers and fabrics being produced at an industrial scale to most people. The first commercially successful artificial fiber was nylon, developed by DuPont in the 1930's. However, there were some artificial fibers produced in the 1880's. My favorite was an artificial silk, Chardonnet silk, created by by Hilaire de Chardonnet as a response to a silkworm epidemic. He discovered that nitrocellulose could be a fibrous replacement for silk. Unfortunately, it was intensely flammable, as you might expect. Want to Contribute an CyberOne Robot By Xiaomi vs. Optimus Robot By Tesla 'I shall introduce myself... I am a robot.' Giving Snakes Their Legs Back Then some unknown race had chanced upon the dreamers and decided to 'help them out.' 'Ring Nation' Show Predicted By William Gibson In 1999 '... you had your trademark Lucky Dragon Global Interactive Video Column outside.' SolarXOne Solar-Powered Drone Flies (almost) Forever 'It's an Indian Air Force drone; its solar cells could power an entire farm.' Video! Chess Robot Breaks Opponent's Finger In Match 'A robot may not injure a human being.' Virtual Co-Embodyment - Two People Control One Virtual Body '... we were supposed to be forming five unit composites first." The Wanderer: Eyebot From Fallout, Eye From Zelazny 'We send our eyes on their appointed rounds, and they can hover or soar or back up...' Experts Decry Planet-Scale Schemes To Limit Global Heating 'Light from the sun hit those little spheres and bounced.' OrganEx Revives The Organs In Dead Pig 'Wakened into half-life activity one hour a month...' NAVER Labs Haptic Device 2.0 Robot vs. IKEA '... the two pairs of waldoes in the screen followed in exact, simultaneous parallelism.' \|Home \| Glossary \| Science Fiction Timeline \| Category \| New \| Contact Us \| FAQ \| Advertise \| Technovelgy.com - where science meets fiction™ Copyright© Technovelgy LLC; all rights reserved.	<urn:uuid:4681b2b6-2f98-4ff2-a5a3-8642bd7fec7a>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/content.asp?Bnum=3462	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00078.warc.gz	en	0.912043	554	2.28125	2
Many parents believe that their influence on their children’s education is critical, and now a group in Bloomfield Hills has taken the idea of parental and community educational involvement to a new and very intensive level. Emerging from the collective initiative of a cadre of concerned Bloomfield Hills district parents and community members a year-and-a-half ago, a political action committee of sorts has begun to support candidates for the school board whom its members believe will "ensure that our schools provide our children with the finest public education available in the country." The self-described grassroots group, Bloomfield 20/20, was successful in endorsing and electing three candidates to the Bloomfield Hills School Board in June 2004. Originally, dissatisfied parents organized the group to oppose a high school consolidation plan proposed by the school board; a board which the parents felt was not listening to the community. "You had a rubberstamp school board that was unchecked," recalls Joanne Warner, one of 20/20’s first activists. The small group created an e-mail database, and its activity and community impact have grown rapidly during its short existence. The ability to raise significant amounts of money for school elections has put Bloomfield 20/20 in a position to affect the governance of their school district to a greater degree than is seen in many districts. They even filed as an official PAC in Oakland County. In 2004, Bloomfield 20/20 raised over $100,000 to support the election of Jenny Greenwell, Michael Scadron and Carol Stencel, and to fund a campaign against the proposed plan to combine two district high schools. According to Warner, about $20,000 was used to support 20/20 candidates, and between $80,000 and $85,000 went to the effort to oppose the high school consolidation. All three candidates were elected, and the high school plan never reached the ballot — a victory for 20/20. The group’s platform of fiscal responsibility includes the goal of finding "responsible solutions to … budget challenges," and reaching out "to the private and public sectors to find creative ways to work within Prop A’s funding environment." The PAC’s mission and past successes have sparked the growth of similar 20/20s in neighboring districts. Already, Farmington, Royal Oak and Rochester chapters have come about with the desire to emulate Bloomfield’s achievements. But others have taken note of the election successes and the grassroots activism of 20/20, most specifically a group of citizens led in part by two former Bloomfield board members who have formed Bloomfield AWAKE to try to combat 20/20’s influence. According to The News, AWAKE has admitted that they cannot rival the $20,000 that 20/20 contributed to candidates. However, it was AWAKE’s candidates that came out on top in the last election cycle. In May, two board openings had to be filled, and 20/20 endorsed and contributed to the campaigns of board member Jenny Greenwell and newcomer Creighton Forester. AWAKE endorsed Martin Brook and Mary Ellen Miller, who both won handily. AWAKE referred Michigan Education Report to their Web site when we contacted them. According to the site, the group’s mission is to "make sure the people elected to serve on the Bloomfield Hills School Board bring the skills, experiences, and approach necessary to make our exceptional district even better." They also say that they "reluctantly formed … to counteract the negative tone and tactics of Bloomfield 20/20." According to AWAKE, "Politics do not belong in schools, we did not want to see a PAC in control of the Board of Education." They have offered to disband simultaneously with 20/20, but Warner gave no indication that 20/20 had any such plans. The 20/20 spokeswoman believes that the lack of a big ballot question, like the high school consolidation plan of 2004, may have contributed to AWAKE candidates’ victories this year, but the group believes there are still lingering problems with the district that can be addressed, especially in the improvement of high school facilities. Warner explained that the group was disappointed when Lahser High School received a new artificial turf football field before fixing leaky roofs; an inversion of priorities from 20/20’s perspective. But the group does pride itself on doing some good for the Bloomfield Hills community. "We have raised community awareness about school elections," says Warner. "We got the vote out." According to unofficial election results, May’s school election turnout could have been as high as 9,400, or roughly 30% of the district’s registered voters, which by school election standards is relatively high. Under the new election consolidation laws, voter turnout for school elections may be increasing due to absentee ballots, but overall, turnout remains lower than November state and national elections. However, The Detroit News reports that turnout in Oakland County, the home of Bloomfield Hills, Rochester, Royal Oak and Farmington, increased to about 15 percent this May, up from 9 percent last June.	<urn:uuid:3793c9f5-2397-48a8-b8dc-3865b229f7d1>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.mackinac.org/7242	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00345-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.975713	1,056	1.609375	2
The WebPlatform project has been discontinued when the Stewards partnership agreement ended in September 2015. This site has been frozen, and the assets we have created will remain. Web accessibility basics This article is Ready to Use. Accessibility is making the Web work for people with a diverse range of abilities. Accessibility is essential for developers and organizations that want to create high quality websites and web tools, and not exclude people from using their products and services. Accessibility is vital to enable people with disabilities to participate equally on the Web. It is a legal requirement in some cases, and a best practice in all cases. This page provides an overview of web accessibility and links to resources for more information. We suggest that you read through this whole page first, then go back and follow the links to learn more. The Web is for all people The Web is fundamentally designed to work for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, culture, location, or physical or mental ability. When the Web meets this goal, it is accessible to people with a diverse range of hearing, movement, sight, and cognitive ability. Thus the impact of disability is radically changed on the Web because the Web removes barriers to communication and interaction that many people face in the physical world. However, when websites, web technologies, or web tools are badly designed, they can create barriers that exclude people from using the Web. For example, an inaccessible website could: - prevent people who are deaf from getting information from a podcast or video - prevent people with cognitive impairments from reading the content because of moving, blinking, or flickering images - prevent people with physical impairments from completing a transaction because they cannot use a mouse. What is web accessibility? Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can use the Web. More specifically, it means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the Web. For an introduction to why - the case for web accessibility, what - examples of web accessibility, and how to make your website and web tools accessible, see Writing for an Accessible Web and Accessibility - W3C. Web accessibility encompasses all disabilities that affect access to the Web, including people with auditory, cognitive, neurological, physical, speech, and visual disabilities. Accessibility includes people with impairments due to ageing. While accessibility focuses on people with disabilities, it also benefits others, such as people using mobile devices and people in limiting situations (e.g., a loud environment where they cannot hear audio). Accessibility supports social inclusion for people with disabilities, older people, mobile users, people in rural areas, people with low bandwidth connections, people with low literacy, etc. More information is in Mobile Web below, Older users below, and Web Accessibility Benefits People With and Without Disabilities. Web accessibility is essential for equal opportunity The Web is increasingly an essential resource for many aspects of life: education, employment, government, commerce, health care, recreation, social interaction, and more. The Web is used not only for receiving information, but also for providing information and interacting with society. Therefore, it is essential that the Web be accessible in order to provide equal access and equal opportunity to people with disabilities. Indeed, the United Nations recognizes web accessibility as a basic human right. Learn more from Web Accessibility is a Social Issue in the Social Factors page. Understand how people use the Web Stories about people using the Web help to illustrate the everyday needs of people with disabilities. For example: - Ms. Olsen attends middle school, and particularly likes her literature class. She has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia, and the combination leads to substantial difficulty in reading. - Ms. Laitinen is the chief accountant at an insurance company that uses web-based documents and forms over a corporate intranet. She is blind and, like many other people who are blind, she does not read braille. - Mr. Yunus is 85 years old and started to use the Web several years ago to stay in touch with family and friends, and to read about art history. He has reduced vision, hand tremor, and mild short-term memory loss due to ageing. More details on how these and others use the Web are in Stories of Web Users. People have a diverse range of abilities that impact how they use the Web. Some people have temporary impairments, some have age-related impairments, some have disabilities from birth, some develop disabilities from injuries or health conditions, and some have multiple disabilities. Some people's abilities change based on fatigue, inflammation, medication, etc. To learn about the diversity of abilities, and about the types of web accessibility barriers that people commonly encounter from poorly designed websites and web tools, see Diversity of Web Users. People with disabilities access and navigate the Web in different ways. Sometimes people configure standard software and hardware according to their needs, and sometimes people use specialized software or hardware that help them perform certain tasks. To learn about the techniques and tools that people with disabilities use to interact with the Web, such as browser settings, text-to-speech, voice recognition, see Diversity in Web Use. In order for people with disabilities to be able to use the Web, there are certain things that websites and web tools need to do. These accessibility requirements fulfill four underlying principles: - Perceivable information and user interface. Accessibility requirements include: providing text alternative for images, providing captions or transcripts for video and audio, and providing sufficient color contrast between text and background. - Operable user interface and navigation. Accessibility requirements include: enabling navigation using only a keyboard, providing meaningful hyperlinks, and allowing enough time for users to complete a task. - Understandable information and user interface. Accessibility requirements include: making content readable, providing predictable functionality, and helping users avoid and correct mistakes. - Robust content and reliable interpretation. Accessibility requirements include: maximizing compatibility with current and future tools (web browsers, assistive technologies, etc.). To learn more about these web accessibility principles and requirements, see Accessibility Principles. For a short introduction to three web accessibility issues (alternative text for images, keyboard input, and transcripts), see What: Examples of Web Accessibility. "WAI-ARIA describes how to add semantics and other metadata to HTML content in order to make user interface controls and dynamic content more accessible. For example, with WAI-ARIA it is possible to identify a list of links as a navigation menu and to state whether it is expanded or collapsed." For further information please refer to WAI-ARIA ARIA provides the ability to specify visual information to accessability software. The software can then inform the impaired user about the purpose of elements on the page and what "state" they are in. For an introduction to Rich Internet Application accessibility challenges and solutions, see WAI-ARIA 1.0 Primer. Introduction to Web Accessibility is an online course from Google that introduces tools and techniques for web developers to easily ensure that websites are more accessible to users who are blind or have low vision. Learn the fundamentals of using ARIA within HTML5, and inspect the accessibility of websites using Google Chrome Extensions: ChromeVox and Accessibility Developer Tools. This course is a starting point for developers to learn how to build accessibility into websites to help users with visual impairments. The components of web accessibility The accessibility principles apply to the components introduced below. It is essential that the components of web development and interaction work together in order for the Web to be accessible to people with disabilities. The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) provides guidelines that cover the accessibility requirements of the technical components. Content is the information in a web page or web application, including: natural information such as text, images, and sounds; code or markup that defines structure, presentation, interaction, etc. Content requirements are covered in Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The WCAG documents explain how to make web content (including web applications) more accessible to people with disabilities. To learn more about how WCAG is structured and about the supporting documents that provide practical advice for meeting accessibility requirements, see the WCAG Overview. The tools that we use to create and use web content can help or hinder web accessibility. - Authoring tools are software and services that are used to create and edit websites; for example, content management systems (CMS), HTML editors, websites that let users add content (such as social media), and other tools. Tools should support people in making their web content accessible, and the tools should be accessible so that people with disabilities can use them. This is covered in Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines, see ATAG Overview. - Evaluation tools help check if websites meet standards. (Relevant information is in Selecting Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools.) - Web browsers, media players, and other "user agents" that access web content are covered in User Agent Accessibility Guidelines, see UAAG Overview. - Assistive technologies are software or hardware that people with disabilities use to improve interaction with the Web, e.g., screen readers that read aloud web pages, voice recognition software, alternative keyboards, etc. (Introduced in Tools\|Techniques\|Diversity in Web Use.) People - web content creators and web users In addition to web content and tools, people are an important component of web accessibility. People who create content need to understand and implement accessibility. This includes developers, designers, authors, managers, etc., anyone who is involved with developing content (including applications), authoring tools, evaluation tools, browsers and other user agents. People who use the Web have different knowledge, experiences, and skill levels that affect accessibility; for example, how well a person knows how to use assistive technologies or adaptive strategies, and if they can get tools to meet their needs. In order for organizations to be willing to make the initial investment in accessibility, many need to understand the financial benefits of web accessibility. For an introduction, see "Web Accessibility is Smart Business" Presentation. To learn more about the social, technical, financial, and legal and policy factors, see Developing a Web Accessibility Business Case for Your Organization. This set of pages presents different aspects of web accessibility along with guidance on developing a customized business case. For example, one aspect of the business case is reaching more users, including older users and mobile users. Older web users are an increasing market segment and an important target group for many businesses, governments, and other organizations. Many older people have age-related impairments that can affect how they use the Web, such as declining vision, physical ability, hearing, and cognitive ability. These issues overlap with the accessibility needs of people with disabilities. Thus, websites and tools that are accessible to people with disabilities are more accessible to older users as well. For more information, see Web Accessibility and Older People: Meeting the Needs of Ageing Web Users. With global mobile phone use at an all time high, there has been a surge of interest in developing websites that are accessible from a mobile device. Users of mobile devices and people with disabilities experience similar barriers when interacting with Web content. Websites can more efficiently meet both goals when developers understand the significant overlap between making a website accessible for a mobile device and for people with disabilities. For more information, see Web Content Accessibility and Mobile Web: Making a Web Site Accessible Both for People with Disabilities and for Mobile Devices. Learn more from W3C WAI The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the Web accessible to people with disabilities. We encourage you to look around the WAI website and find more information that is useful to you. See Finding Your WAI ("way") to New Web Accessibility Resources. References and acknowledgements Referencing this information: Most of the text on this page comes from other documents, which are linked within each section. For references, please use the source document. (See Using WAI Material: Permission to Use with Attribution.) - This page originally available at W3C WAI - Improving accessibility using HTML5 features - Improving accessibility using ARIA features - HTML and CSS techniques for passing WCAG conformance criteria - Introduction to Web Accessibility by Google	<urn:uuid:d0add511-52c4-49c2-be77-e2dab19f9953>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://docs.webplatform.org/wiki/concepts/accessibility	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.909568	2,578	3.828125	4
Photo by Media Indigena The Council of Canadians supports the call for a national inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women. The numbers are staggering and shocking. On May 1, APTN National News reported, "RCMP Commissioner Bob Paulson told reporters Thursday that the federal police force had compiled a total of 1,186 cases of murdered and missing Indigenous women. Of that number, 1,026 have been murdered and 160 are missing, said Paulson, who spoke to reporters after appearing before a Parliamentary committee." Today, James Anaya, the United Nations special rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous peoples, recommended in his report The situation of indigenous peoples in Canada that, "the federal Government should undertake a comprehensive, nation-wide inquiry into the issue of missing and murdered aboriginal woman and girls, organized in consultation with indigenous peoples." The Harper government continues to say that a national inquiry is unnecessary. Let your Member of Parliament know that you disagree with the Harper government’s position on this matter. Council of Canadians supports call for inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women Barlow stands in solidarity with blockade of CN Rail demanding national inquiry Harper agrees to parliamentary committee, but not national inquiry, on murdered Aboriginal women Sisters in Spirit vigils today	<urn:uuid:98463fdb-b492-4a01-a7cb-100fa7ec9608>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://canadians.org/blog/un-rapporteur-calls-inquiry-missing-and-murdered-aboriginal-women	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00509-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.927138	259	2.046875	2
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The effect of poli- tical orientation decreases because liberals express more anger on the covert measures than they do on the overt measures.Binary optionsunity	<urn:uuid:1fe8c515-4481-4bbc-b547-44fdeb43c65e>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://ds-hifi.ru/binary-options-netviagens.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.892797	4,663	1.984375	2
Islamabad [Pakistan], December 21 (ANI): Pakistan's evasion of structural reforms as mandated by donors such as the International Monetary Fund has compounded its financial problems. Successive Pakistani governments have not acknowledged their inability to implement the identified and agreed (with donors) necessary structural reforms specifically in the prevailing tax structure (which remains inequitable, unfair and anomalous to this day) and energy sector (with the circular debt rising to as high as 2.4 trillion rupees), according to Dawn. Further, the donors such as IMF have argued in favour of full cost recovery to raise utility charges. On the other hand, IMF as well as other multilateral agencies have been criticized in Pakistan with respect to their harsh upfront monetary and fiscal policy conditions that have eroded its growth rate. However, two observations are critical. First, Pakistan is currently on its 23rd IMF programme, with each programme typically of three-year duration, which implies the country has been on a Fund programme for around 69 years out of its 74-year history. True, many of the programmes were abandoned midway into the programme as and when the balance of payments issue was resolved, according to Dawn. Meanwhile, the Pakistan government is raising base tariffs over and above the fuel adjustment charges and the Quarterly Adjustment Tariffs - major contributors to the inflationary spiral much against the advice of the IMF directed structural economic reforms. Further, to blame the donors for being a perennial borrower of the IMF on the economy's reliance on imported machinery and semi-finished products reflects rather poorly on Pakistan's long-term planning capacity to import substitution policies which were implemented by India soon after independence, according to a report. (ANI)	<urn:uuid:265967da-dfac-4102-95e3-faf62f79a677>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://aninews.in/news/world/asia/pakistan-evaded-imf-mandated-structural-economic-reforms-compounding-its-financial-crisis-says-report20211221183920/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00075.warc.gz	en	0.974324	340	1.890625	2
Smart911 Honors Alzheimer’s Disease Awareness Month Service Enhances Emergency Response to Bring Help to Those with Alzheimer’s and Peace-of-mind to Families The impact of Alzheimer’s is far-reaching; nearly 5.4 million Americans now have the disease. In support of National Alzheimer’s Disease Awareness Month, Smart911, a national safety database, aims to offer assistance to those with Alzheimer’s and bring additional peace-of-mind to their families. Smart911 recognizes the specific needs that those affected by Alzheimer’s face on a daily basis. An individual with Alzheimer’s may wander away from home or have difficulty remembering such basic details as their address or medications. Family members and caregivers often spend time preparing for the possibility of an emergency. In these situations, seconds and minutes can count, and Smart911 brings a new level of support and reassurance to those with Alzheimer’s and their families. Smart911 allows families to create a free, private and secure Safety Profile at www.smart911.com which can include any information they want 9-1-1 to have in the event of an emergency. The profile is then delivered automatically to the 9-1-1call-taker when an emergency call is made. Details in a Safety Profile allow 9-1-1 to have a better understanding of a situation and can be passed on to emergency response teams in the field to help support fast, precise action. Should someone with Alzheimer’s dial 9-1-1 and be unable to remember personal information, their Safety Profile can provide details such as a name, exact address, medical notes and emergency contacts. If they wander away from home and a family member or caretaker dials 9-1-1 from a phone number included in the profile, a photo can be immediately distributed to emergency responders to expedite a search. Police can also be made aware that a person has Alzheimer’s and approach them accordingly. A Smart911 Safety Profile is private, secure and only available to call-takers during an emergency call. Smart911 now helps emergency responders in 26 states and more than 300 municipalities to protect millions. Because it is a national system, once a Safety Profile has been created, it can be delivered with an emergency call in any area of the country if the local 9-1-1 call center is supported by Smart911. Smart911 is offered by Rave Mobile Safety, the trusted software partner for campus and public safety. It is supported by leading public safety and health officials, as well as advocacy groups. Among its many honors and awards, Smart911 recently received the “Parent Tested Parent Approved Winner’s Seal of Approval.” “Emergencies pose particular risks for those with Alzheimer’s and take an emotional toll on family members,” said Tom Axbey, president and CEO of Rave Mobile Safety. “Smart911 can make a big difference if someone goes missing or becomes confused when they need help. Taking a few minutes today to create a Safety Profile gives emergency responders a real advantage – increasing their effectiveness and saving valuable time – helping all to avoid unnecessary tragedy in the future.” About Rave Mobile Safety Rave Mobile Safety is the most trusted software partner for campus and public safety. Used by leading Institutes of Higher Education and State and Local Agencies, the award-winning portfolio of Rave SafeCampus, Rave Alert, Rave Guardian, Eyewitness, Smart911 and SmartPrepare enables millions to feel safe, secure and connected. Rave Mobile Safety is headquartered in Framingham, MA. For more information please visit www.ravemobilesafety.com	<urn:uuid:aaca813e-b0d5-4593-970a-e41507ff2810>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://www.ravemobilesafety.com/smart911-honors-alzheimers-disease-awareness-month/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.934402	760	2.203125	2
Introduction to Networking with Network+ Paperback Introduction to Networking with Network + is the cornerstone for your networking curriculum. It is built around the new Network+ 2012 framework. It is based upon the CompTIA Network+ certification and covers the most recent exam objectives. Are you tired of books that cover new technologies and exam topics in a fleeting fashion, and are bogged down with legacy technology coverage that is now out-dated? This book by Timothy Pintello is up-to-date and covers only relevant and current technologies. This book also includes his revolutionary method for making Subnetting easily understood by new IT students. - Format: Paperback - Pages: 552 pages, Illustrations - Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd - Publication Date: 20/04/2012 - Category: Computer certification - ISBN: 9780470487327	<urn:uuid:ee882fc7-ccfc-4a18-9dd9-29151c90ac76>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.speedyhen.com/Product/Microsoft-Official-Academic-Course/Introduction-to-Networking-with-Network/1072265	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00355-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.913678	184	2.140625	2
Jennifer Closshey has advice for people dealing with lower back pain. Four out of five people will experience lower back pain in their lives, according to the Mayo Clinic. Back pain is one of the top 10 reasons people visit the emergency room, hospital outpatient departments and their doctor’s office. Back issues are the most common cause of disability for persons under age 45, and lower back pain is often recurring. Sacroiliac joint pain Commonly called the SI joint, the body has two sacroiliac joints next to the bottom of the spine. Connecting the sacrum to the pelvis, these joints are intended to be small and strong. The SI joints act as a shock-absorbing structure, as the force of the upper body flows through the SI joints into the pelvis and legs. The problem occurs when the SI joints have too much or too little movement. The resulting inflammation in the SI joints are accompanied by pain as the portion of the sciatic nerve that runs in front of the joint can become irritated. How to get relief Talk to your doctor or chiropractor. He or she may tell you to refrain from the activity that is the source of the inflammation. The pounding of jogging or walking on uneven terrain could be the cause. The doctor may prescribe pain medication and recommend physical therapy or exercise. How exercise helps When your back hurts, your natural inclination may be to lie down. But movement is good for your back. Seek to strengthen the back, stomach and leg muscles, as they support the spine. While exercise is good for the spine, not all exercise is helpful. Avoid standing toe touches, leg lifts and situps, as these movements add stress to the spine and its connective tissues. Establish a regular exercise program and stick with it. Losing weight takes strain off the back. Swimming is an excellent activity, as the water supports the body. Yoga or pilates, which emphasize stretching and strength work well. Jennifer E. Closshey, Ph.D., is a doctor of integrative health based out of Plant City. She teaches yoga classes at the Plant City Family YMCA on Thursdays. Contact her at email@example.com.	<urn:uuid:85762511-ae2d-4abf-aa87-f962dde96a9c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.plantcityobserver.com/focus-fitness-about-lower-back-pain/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz	en	0.955198	466	2.53125	3
What is claimed is 1. In a tank for storage of a material at superatmospheric internal pressure, which tank is subject to distortion by such internal pressure and, to substantially prevent such distortion, is anchored about its periphery to foundation means by anchoring means, which anchoring means are subject to failure at a predetermined temperature condition, the improvement comprising: 2. A tank according to claim 1 in which said sensor means is responsive to a temperature condition of less than 300°F. 3. A tank according to claim 1 in which the tank has a flat bottom and cylindrical vertical wall and said anchoring means comprises bolts positioned about the exterior bottom portion of the tank. 4. A tank according to claim 1 in which said sensor means comprises a fusible material. 5. In an enclosed insulated tank having a metal shell with a metal bottom, wall and roof, for storing a flammable liquified gas at superatmospheric internal pressure, said tank being subject to distortion by such internal pressure and, to substantially prevent such distortion, being anchored by metal anchoring means to a supporting foundation, said anchoring means being subject to failure at a predetermined temperature condition, the improvement comprising: 6. A tank according to claim 5 wherein the tank has a flat bottom and said anchoring means comprises a plurality of bolts. 7. A tank according to claim 6 wherein said gas conduit means extends around the tank adjacent to said bolts and includes a plurality of conduit portions of thermally sensitive material adjacent each bolt. 8. A tank according to claim 5 wherein said thermally sensitive material is a metal which melts at above 150°F. This invention relates to tanks for storing materials. More particularly, this invention is concerned with improvements in storage tanks for liquids which depressurize the tanks to maintain structural integrity of the tanks when heated as by fire. Many materials are stored in tanks which are often made of metal. Thus, metal tanks are widely used to store fluid products such as gasoline, fuel oil, benzene and alcohol as well as liquefied gases such as methane, propane, butane and ethylene. The storage of some of these materials requires, as a practical matter, that they be stored under superatmospheric pressure. Natural gas, i.e., methane, is commonly stored liquefied at -260°F. and 0.5 to 5 psig. The type of tank used to store a fluid product depends on the chemical and physical characteristics of the product. It is, of course, desirable to employ the least expensive and least complicated tank construction consistent with safety and usefulness. It is accordingly conventional to employ a tank having a flat bottom, vertical cylindrical wall and a conical or domed roof. Such a tank is comparatively easy to fabricate and erect. It can also be readily insulated to reduce heat transfer to a fluid stored therein. Tanks of this general type are shown in Waugh U.S. Pat. No. 3,338,010 and Sattelberg et al. U.S. Pat No. 3,352,443. In addition, an internal tank consisting of a flat bottom and cylindrical wall can be placed therein to store the fluid therein and insulation placed between the inner and outer tank or shell bottoms and walls. The inner tank or shell can also be provided with a roof and insulation placed between it and the outer roof. Alternatively, an insulated ceiling can be suspended from inside the roof of the outer tank or shell at a level near the top of the inner tank or shell. Flat bottomed tanks of the generally described types must be anchored to a supporting foundation to store a material at superatmospheric pressure. Suitable anchor means is required because superatmospheric pressure in the tank will cause the bottom to dish outwardly unless restrained and, as a result, the outer part of the bottom and the tank wall will rise. This could lead to fracture or rupture of the shell and any structural elements joined to the tank. The anchor means is usually located about the periphery of the tank wall lower portion and extends from there to the foundation. Regardless of whether a double shell tank or single shell tank is involved, the anchor means is used to secure that shell to the foundation which is subjected to superatmospheric pressure internally. The anchor means quite commonly used consists of bolts which extend from the foundation to brackets on the tank wall to which they are secured by nuts. The bolts, or whatever other anchoring means is used, are designed to hold the tank firmly in place on the foundation under normal conditions. Fire on the ground or near ground level around a tank is a particular hazard if a flammable liquid is stored in the tank. Flammable liquid can be spilled around the tank due to a leak in a pipe, valve, pump or other equipment. If the anchoring means is subjected to high temperature, such as caused by a fire, it could rupture. Steel bolts, for example, rapidly lose their strength when heated. Above 600° F. they start to lose strength, at 1,000°F. they are seriously weakened and at 1,600°F. they have very little strength. Failure of the anchoring means while the tank is under superatmospheric internal pressure will lead to upward displacement of the outer edge of the tank bottom. Distortion of the tank and related piping can result in fractures and leaking of flammable liquid from the tank. Such leaking could not be stopped so the entire tank contents would drain into the fire area. A safety system is accordingly needed which will prevent the edge of the tank bottom from raising up when and if the anchoring means fails. According to the present invention, there is provided an improvement in a tank for storage of a product or material at superatmospheric pressure which effects internal pressure relief, and thereby prevents the tank from rising off the foundation, when the anchor means is subjected to heat which causes failure of, or a serious loss of strength in, all or part of the anchor means. More specifically, the invention provides the improvement in a storage tank for storing a material or product at an internal pressure above atmospheric pressure and which tank is anchored about the periphery thereof to a foundation means, comprising a thermally responsive sensor means positioned in proximity to means anchoring the tank to the foundation, a pressure relief valve mounted on the tank and communicating with the interior thereof, and means actuated by the thermally responsive sensor means upon application of heat to the thermally responsive sensor to open the pressure relief valve and thereby reduce the pressure therein. With the pressure thus reduced, such as to atmospheric pressure or some other suitable pressure, the tank will remain on the foundation even when the anchor means has failed. Of course, before the tank can be again put into normal service, it is essential that the anchor means be repaired or rebuilt. The invention will be described further in conjunction with the attached drawings, in which: FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional broken away view of a cylindrical storage tank embodying the improvement of this invention; FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the bottom edge part of the tank of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the pressure relief valve on the roof of the tank of FIG. 1; FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view showing a fusible plug in the end of a nipple; and FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of another pressure relief valve which can be used in the invention. So far as is practical, the same numbers will be used in the various figures of the drawings to identify the same elements or parts. With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the tank 10 has an outer metal shell comprising a flat bottom 11, a vertical cylindrical (circular) wall 12 joined to bottom 11 and a domed roof 13 supported on the upper edge of wall 12. The tank is supported about its periphery by concrete foundation 14 which is embedded in the earth. Positioned around and welded to the exterior lower portion of wall 12 is a series of brackets 15 having a horizontal flange 16 and a vertical web 17 beneath the flange. A plurality of L-bolts 18 is positioned around the tank with the L end of the bolts embedded in concrete foundation 14. The threaded upper end of each of bolts 18 passes through a hole in bracket flange 16 and a nut 19 is threaded thereon. The combination of bolts 18, brackets 15 and nuts 19 comprise one embodiment of an anchor means for holding the tank down on foundation 14. Tank 10 has an inner shell comprising metal bottom 20 and a cylindrical (circular) wall 21. Bottom 20 is supported by load bearing insulation 22. Insulation 23 is placed between inner wall 21 and outer wall 12. The inner shell is open at the top and insulated ceiling 24 is suspended by rods 25 from ribs 44 reinforcing the inside of roof 13 and is located below the top edge 26, and inside, of inner wall 21. Insulated space 27 is thereby provided in the inner shell for storage of a product such as liquefied natural gas at superatmospheric pressure. Conduit 28 is used to fill and empty the tank. It can be closed by valve 43. Conduit 28 is joined to inner wall 21 in a fluid tight manner but it extends through an enlarged opening in outer wall 12. A fluid tight seal between outer wall 12, around the enlarged opening, and conduit 28 is effected by expansion bellows 29. This permits movement of inner wall 21 relative to outer wall 12 without placing any undue stress on the conduit. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, relief valve 30 is mounted on top of roof 13 and it is joined to conduit 31 which communicates with the inside of the tank. Pallet or membrane 32 presses against the seat ring 33 when the valve is closed and thereby prevents venting of gas or vapor through exit 34. Orifice 35 (FIG. 3) in pallet 32 provides for gas to pass by the pallet and exert a downward pressure on the pallet to close the valve when flow of gas out through conduit 36 is blocked. Referring to FIG. 2, conduit 36 extends from relief valve 30 down to the lower portion of tank wall 12 to adjacent the anchor means comprising the bolts 18 and their associated elements. Conduit ring 37 extends around the tank wall 12 and is in fluid communication with conduit 36. Conduit ring 37 is supported by brackets 38 on tank wall 12. Positioned periodically in conduit ring 37 are short nipples 39 (FIGS. 2 and 4) which contain fusible metal plugs 42 therein which melt at a comparatively low temperature, but substantially above ambient temperature. The fusible metal plugs 42 are placed in relatively close proximity to, but pointed away from, the bolts 18 so that each will be simultaneously exposed to any source of heat around the base of the tank, such as a fire. By pointing the nipples away from the bolts, heat from burning gas which escapes from the open nipples is not directed to the bolts. Melting of the fusible metal plugs 42, such as by fire, causes the metal to flow out of the nipples 39 and results in openings through which gas or vapor from the tank will exit. This causes a reduction in the pressure on the top side of pallet 32, the pallet is lifted by the higher pressure applied on its bottom side and the relief valve is thereby opened to permit gas or vapor to escape from the tank to lower the internal pressure. With the internal pressure of the tank lowered to an acceptable pressure, the bottom of the tank will not rise from the foundation even though bolts 18 weaken or fail through heat. The described system is suitably employed even with a tank used for storing a flammable liquid and even a liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas. The small amount of flammable vapor or gas which exits through the openings which result from melting of the fusible metal plugs will burn if a fire is present around the tank but this can be readily tolerated and will not affect the structural integrity of the tank so long as the flame and heat are directed away from the bolts. Conduit 40 communicates with the lower end portion of conduit 36 and valve 41. Valve 41 is placed in a location somewhat remote from tank 10 so that it can be safely manually operated even when a fire is burning around the tank. By opening valve 41, the relief valve 30 is caused to open even if the metal plugs 42 in nipples 39 are not melted. This potential manual operation provides a supplemental or auxiliary means to open the relief valve when desired. It is also contemplated, and within the scope of the invention to eliminate hole 35 in pallet 32 and to pressurize the top side of the pallet by means of an auxiliary or external fluid supply which for example could be air, nitrogen or some other gas, or even a liquid under pressure. One such system is shown in FIG. 5. With reference to FIG. 5, the pressure relief valve 50 is similar in many respects to the pressure relief valve 30 and those parts or elements which are the same have the same identifying number. The relief valve 50 in FIG. 5 has pallet 51 which rests on seat ring 33 when the valve is closed. Pallet 51 contains no hole like hole 35 in pallet 32 in the valve 30 in FIG. 3. Pallet 51 is forced downwardly against seat ring 33 by nitrogen under pressure supplied from tank 52 through conduit 53 to the space above the pallet and also through conduit 36 to fusible plugs 42. When plugs 42 melt and create openings in nipples 39, the nitrogen escapes and causes the pressure above pallet 51 to be reduced below the pressure exerted on the lower side of the pallet by the vapor in the storage tank 10. The vapor in the tank thus can escape. By presenting the vapor pressure in the tank from becoming excessive, the tank is prevented from raising at its perimeter off the foundation. Obviously, some other gas than nitrogen can be stored in tank 52 to provide the necessary pressure. Some fusible alloys which can be used for plugs 42 have the following compositions and melting points, with the percents being by weight: 1. 12.5 percent tin, 50 percent bismuth, 25 percent lead and 12.5 percent cadmium; m.p. 162°F. (Wood's metal) 2. 20 percent tin, 50 percent bismuth and 30 percent lead; m.p. 212°F. 3. 34.5 percent tin, 44.5 percent bismuth and 21 percent cadmium; m.p. 248°F. 4. 48.8 percent tin, 10.2 percent bismuth and 41 percent lead; m.p. 331°F. 5. 14.5 percent tin, 48 percent bismuth, 28.5 percent lead and 9 percent antimony; m.p. 440°F. In general, a fusible material is advisably used which has a melting point above about 150°F. In place of the fusible metal plug 42, part or all of conduit ring 37, or nipples 39, can be made of a low melting metal or organic plastic material which will melt, disintegrate or burn to provide the necessary opening to actuate the relief valve as previously described. Other thermally responsive sensor means can also be used if desired. The particular sensor means selected, however, should be one which is reliable and be capable of operating after the tank is in service for a long time. It is necessary, however, that the relief valve and sensor means be capable of operating cooperatively to achieve the desired purposes of the invention. The safety system provided herewith can be employed with single shell tanks or double shell tanks so long as the sensor means is positioned to be responsive to heat which might affect the tank anchor means. Electrical thermostatic controls which, by means of ancillary equipment, serve to open a relief valve can also be used and this type of system is also intended to be included in the scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications of the invention can be made and, to the extent that such variations incorporate the spirit of this invention, they are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.	<urn:uuid:3a08b167-c282-44cf-bcee-378c79ba50a7>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3687149.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.93721	3,353	2.5625	3
Government relief measures on may provide compensation and health benefit coverage for employees As business closures increase due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, employers are faced with questions about compensation and health benefit coverage for their employees. Government relief measures may provide compensation for businesses and individuals in certain situations. In other cases, existing rules on employee rights will apply. Paid leave may be required for some employees by federal or state law. Also, some state insurance regulators are requiring insurance carriers to provide policyholders with additional flexibility regarding premiums and coverage, and some carriers are making similar changes independent of state requirements. This section of the toolkit provides a summary of the issues that employers may encounter when terminating or suspending employment due to COVID‐19.	<urn:uuid:ae4e96b8-9ec0-4bda-aecf-ef207f518e6c>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://bowlinguniversity.net/opening/Staffing/ArtMID/7796/ArticleID/22/Government-relief-measures-on-may-provide-compensation-and-health-benefit-coverage-for-employees	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00474.warc.gz	en	0.929665	152	1.539063	2
New words, grammar, and slang abound. An etymologist might stop and nod his head at a neologism like slok, noting its similarity to the Yiddish schloch (as bippy came from pippich or, in Britain, schmutter, a garment, from schmata, a rag). schmutter is from שמאַטע shmate "rag", borrowed from Polish szmata "rag". slok is used in the line "You God damned eater of slok." There is שלאַג shlag "stroke, blow" (cognate with German Schlag and English slay) - this is apparently the origin of schlock. There's also German Schlacke "dross" (cf English slag), which seems like a more likely origin for slok, but I can't find a corresponding Yiddish word. By pippich I guess Harrison means פופיק pupik "belly button", which I assume is borrowed from Polish pępek. However, the origin of bippy is "unknown" according to the OED.	<urn:uuid:d0d6a1a8-0259-42c6-96b0-ca672a24eac9>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://bradshawofthefuture.blogspot.com/2009/05/schmutter-slok-bippy.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.948633	249	1.960938	2
Love, Forgiving and Governing The truest form of social networking takes place in person, so members of a group dedicated to distilling learnings about the power of love and forgiveness in governing are joining to exchange ideas first-hand. Members of the Fetzer Advisory Council on Governing Professions plan to gather with participants from outstanding governmental projects around the world that demonstrate love, forgiveness and effective leadership. The event, planned for Nov. 13-14, will be managed by Community of Sant’Egidio and hosted at the Berkley Center on Religion, Peace & World Affairs at Georgetown University. There will be a keynote and various seminars which will gather exemplars from different projects with an interlocutor, who through his questions will seek to base the conversation around the learning goals of the Fetzer Advisory Council, or FAC: These topics will include the motivations and conditions that helped this exemplar be successful, how love and forgiveness is embodied and expressed in the work of the exemplar and case itself, and the impact of this exemplar / positive example on others’ awareness of the power of love and forgiveness? From a broader perspective, the gathering will search for patterns in these examples, from underlying conditions to progressions of action that lead to success. One key tenet of the event is the importance of speaking of love and forgiveness in terms of governmental services. While unusual, the practice has been shown to lead projects in the desired direction. In that vein, the event will kick off regular online updates, group reflections and encouragement to put the emphasis on love and forgiveness into the conversation. The project’s success will be measured by the effectiveness and completeness of its implementation, the increased collaboration among FAC members and partners, and the growth in web traffic at an online portal of stories and examples. This is a project of the Fetzer Advisory Council on Governing Professions.	<urn:uuid:ecef2c87-ba75-4178-a27d-288b7ba0ce08>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://fetzer.org/work/projects/love-forgiving-and-governing	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.924943	389	1.578125	2
"The acceptance of death gives you more of a stake in life, in living life happily, as it should be lived. Living for the moment." "A man who won't die for something is not fit to live."Sting on Martin Luther King, Jr. "To be idle is a short road to death and to be diligent is a way of life foolish people are idle, wise people are diligent."Sting on Buddha "The fear of death is the most unjustified of all fears, for there's no risk of accident for someone who's dead."Sting on Albert Einstein "The fear of death follows from the fear of life. A man who lives fully is prepared to die at any time."Sting on Mark Twain "Death is no more than passing from one room into another. But there's a difference for me, you know. Because in that other room I shall be able to see."Sting on Helen Keller "I want to get old gracefully. I want to have good posture, I want to be healthy and be an example to my children." "I can't really change my life to accommodate people who are jealous. I don't see why I should." "I learned to change my accent in England, your accent identifies you very strongly with a class, and I did not want to be held back." "That sense of failure, I don't know where people put it who don't write songs and aren't able to emote physically. It must go somewhere." "I'm not much of a family man. I'm just not that into it. I love kids, I adore them, but I don't want to live my life for them." x Share us on Facebook	<urn:uuid:480a09e6-dda5-46eb-8830-4a90735a8a3c>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.supanet.com/find/famous-quotes-by/sting/the-acceptance-of-death-g-fqb13780/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00210-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.973603	359	2.015625	2
Kit Kittredge: An American Girl, based on the franchise of American Girl, books, dolls, magazine, etc., opens up several worlds for viewers. The story takes place in 1934 during the Great Depression, and everything about the movie drives home what it was like to live through those heart-wrenching times. Hardships aside, the film offers incredible inspiration through the fortitude of a plucky 9-year-old trying to survive her family’s unexpected ordeal. When the foreclosure sign gets pounded into the ground of her neighbors’ property, Kit Kittredge (Abigail Breslin) receives assurance from her father that this will never happen to them. He also promises Kit they will never have to sell eggs to survive. It’s her most humiliating thought. Jack Kittredge (Chris O'Donnell) soon has to eat his own words when the car dealership he works for closes, his car is taken, and he must leave town to look for another job. Kit’s mother Margaret (Julia Ormond) tries to keep her composure so she won’t frighten Kit. They agree to grow their own vegetables and take in boarders. Kit also decides to write and hopefully sell newspaper articles to the Cincinnati Register. Of course, editor Gibson (Wallace Shawn) won’t even look at her work. Abigail Breslin & Julia Ormond Kit realizes things are really bad when Mom announces they do indeed need to sell eggs. However, Kit keeps busy with her best friends Ruthie (Madison Davenport), and Frances (Brieanne Jansen), while mom is busy with the garden club and keeping up the “everything is okay” image with a festive luncheon. When approached by Will (Max Thieriot) and Countee (Willow Smith), two young hobos looking to trade work for food, Kit drags them to the backyard. Against the disapproving frowns and gasps of her socialite friends, Margaret proves just what kind of woman she is when she offers the boys a job and some bites-sized sandwiches right off the fancy glass plate. The Kittredge home is soon a three-ring circus of inhabitants as colorful boarders find a spot to call home. There’s the entertaining librarian Miss Bond (Joan Cusack), who can drive but runs the book mobile into everything when she’s trying to stop. Mrs. Howard (Glenne Headly) and her adorable son Sterling (Zach Mills) move in, as does a cagey magician (Stanley Tucci), who astounds everyone with his magic. Simple days in the tree house soon turn into a full scale reporter’s job when Will and Countee are accused of stealing from people’s homes, and Kit sets out to prove them innocent. Stanley Tucci & Joan Cusack The movie’s entire cast is exceptional. Turning beautiful actresses into humbled characters of the depression era must result in believable performances. Astounding costumes and sets help, but all the actresses definitely pull their weight. Helping to bump up the occasional humor in the story, which at one point is almost like a Charlie-Chaplin chase, are Tucci and Cusack, who liked what she saw in the script. “It’s a very empowering movie about little girls and confidence,” said Cusack. O’Donnell (Batman & Robin) saw something in the script that made him agree to his role as Kit’s father. “I really wanted to do something for my daughter,” he said. “Today we’re just super-consumers…but it wasn’t always like this. At a time that was really tough for our country, you get a chance to see how families stuck together.” Breslin, Ormand & O'Donnell The Oscar-nominated Breslin (Little Miss Sunshine)), Hollywood’s new “it” girl, has no problem spinning any character her way, but prime acting skills are also on display from Mills (Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium), Thieriot (Jumper) and Will Smith’s daughter, Willow (I Am Legend). Screenwriter Ann Peacock has done a wonderful job adapting Valerie Tripp’s stories into a great family film that serves up something for everyone. Kids get laughs and inspiration while learning about tolerance and history. Moms can re-connect to resourcefulness – something very handy in these tough times – and dad’s can be assured it’s okay to lose a job, just keep that chin up and don’t stop trying. With a plethora of violent and drug-related movies streaming into theaters faster than a Star Wars battleship, the heartfelt Kit Kittredge: An American Girl offers an enjoyable breath of fresh air. Photo credits: Cylla von Tiedemann/Picturehouse films	<urn:uuid:373e6b80-406b-479e-9bc0-0f2cce1a7d10>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.reviewexpress.com/review.php?rv=712	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.950581	1,043	1.507813	2
On the Longfellow Sustainability Group Facebook page we’ve been talking about wind energy and how it may be a more affordable energy alternative than solar. As I noted in my post on the movie Windfall, most solar installations are overpoweringly large – certainly not something a typical homeowner can take advantage of. We saw an urban-friendly wind turbine at the Living Green Expo last week and one of our group members has explored it further. Minnesota Wind Energy offers several small turbines. Their website is terrible. Their brochure is equally bad. But they appear to be the only game in town. Here’s what friend Annette found out about these units, which can be installed on the ground or on a rooftop. - The 400 watt-48 volt unit sells for $2800 (add approx $1,500-$2,500 to install) - The 1500 watt-120 volt unit sells for $15,000 (add approx $4,500-$7,500 to install) - The 3000 watt-120 volt unit sells for $20,000 (add approx $5,500-$9,000 to install) The US government offers a 30% tax refund and rebates from the state or Xcel may be in the works. Looking for more info on wind? Group members suggested: - For those of you who are engineers, here’s a pretty thorough but complex document on greenhouse gas emissions and various energy sources	<urn:uuid:f1c80088-ec5d-404a-b157-4e9cce38b999>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://thinkofitasanadventure.com/tag/helix-turbine/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00275.warc.gz	en	0.915893	303	2.515625	3
Today I discovered, much to my delight, that The British Library has on its website a database of 19th century newspapers including 100 years of Jackson’s Oxford Journal. From 1800-1900, every issue is available and fully searchable. It goes without saying how incredibly useful this is and no sooner had I logged on than I began to search for information about my ancestors, in particular those whose activities I have described in previous blogs. Perhaps the most notorious of my ancestors is Elijah Noon, who murdered his wife Charlotte with a sword in Oxford in 1852. I dealt with this crime at length in an installation which I put on in the cemetery where Charlotte was buried (see www.nicholashedges.co.uk/murder for more information) but soon discovered, thanks to The British Library, a whole lot more that I would never have otherwise found. The website also allows users to download articles or pages as PDFs. Those about the murder are available here: I’ve read these stories before, but in another article, I discovered that a nephew of Elijah’s had recently been killed in a railway railway accident at Bicester, not so far from Oxford. Elijah’s older brother, Thomas Noon, was a builder in Oxford and a man who it seems was very much respected. Having searched for news of an accident some time around 1852, I discovered that Thomas Noon’s son, also called Thomas, who was a Corporal in the 7th Company of Royal Sappers and Miners, had been killed in a railway accident on 6th September 1851. He was buried in the same cemetery (St. Sepulchre’s in Jericho) in which his aunt would be interred less than a year later, his funeral attended by ‘an immense concourse of persons.’ One article I was shocked to read concerned a fight which took place in Summertown on 29th December 1869. The article reads: “Elijah Noon and George Hedges were fined, the former 7s. 9d. and the latter 10s. 6d. for being drunk and riotous at Summertown on 29th Dec. last. P.C. Culverwell substantiated the accusation and stated that the defendants were stripped to fight, when he stopped the disturbance going on.” The Elijah Noon in this story is the son of my great-great-great-grandfather, Elijah Noon Sr. who of course we know murdered his wife. George Hedges is my great-great-grandfather who married Elijah’s sister, Amelia in 1869, not long before the fight took place. What it was all about, of course I cannot say, but it seems that both George Hedges and Elijah Noon Jr. were often in trouble. Elijah Jr. had something of a drink problem. In September 1883, William Francis Piggott of Summertown applied for the renewal of his licence, which it seemed had been revoked on account of Elijah’s drunkeness. Elijah of course had had a traumatic childhood having witnessed the murder of his mother at the hands of his own father. It seems his was an unhappy life, one which ended tragically when he choked to death in The Grapes, George Street in 1885 (click here to read more). What George’s excuse was I don’t know, but he was, as I’ve said, often in trouble. In 1861, at the age of 15, he was already in attendance at the Petty Sessions in County Hall. In 1867 he was sentenced to 21 days hard labour for stealing wood and in 1888, fined for a disturbance, again in Summertown. George had a brother called Edwin. Their father, my great-great-great-grandfather, was called Richard, and in 1858, a Richard and Edwin Hedges were convicted of an assault on a certain John Harris. Whether this Richard and Edwin are my ancestors is debatable, but it would seem to concur with George’s general behaviour, and indeed that of the family. One story, which certainly involves George and indeed, it seems, the whole family, took place in Summertown in 1899. It’s described under the rather inappropriate heading of ‘Family Squabble’ and involves William Bowerman, who married Elizabeth Hedges – George and Amelia’s daughter – in 1894. Bowerman and Elizabeth had been drinking in the Cherwell Tavern, Sunnymede when ‘there was a quarrel’. Elizabeth went to her parents’ house where she was followed by her husband. He knocked on the door, Amelia answered and Bowerman, so it was alleged, punched her in the face. Her son Harry and her husband George went out to ‘remonstrate.’ Bowerman hit them both and Harry hit him back. The scan of the report is a little ‘wonky’ but it can be read here. Interestingly, I have a photograph of my ancestors taken in 1899 – one assumes before the brawl. I have (tentatively in some cases) identified them as follows: (Top, left to right) Harry Hedges, Ernest Edges (my great-grandfather), Lily Bowerman (?), William Bowerman (?), George Hedges (my great-great-grandfather), Alfred Hedges (Middle, left to right) Flo (Alfred’s wife) (?), Amelia Hedges (my great-great-grandmother), John Lafford (my great-great-grandfather), Alice Hedges, (?), Percy Hedges (Bottom, left to right) Richard Hedges, Margaret Hemmings (nee Hedges), Margaret V Hemmings (on knee), Alice M Hemmings (on feet), Ellen Hedges (nee Lafford) (my great-grandmother), Winifred May Hedges (on lap), Eliza Hedges (nee Villebois), Jack Hedges (on knee), Olive Hedges (at feet), Elizabeth Bowerman (nee Hedges), Eliza M Bowerman (on knee), Ernest G Bowerman (at feet).	<urn:uuid:24d46aa9-7197-4295-a37c-faab198a3ff6>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.nicholashedges.uk/family-history/the-victorians/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00474.warc.gz	en	0.983577	1,294	2.078125	2
The NFL has spoken. Made popular by Colin Kaepernick, kneeling on the field during the National Anthem became a protest and movement based on racial injustice and police brutality, but now the NFL is seeking to put a kebash on it happening, period. The statement from the NFL’s Commissioner Roger Goodell shared that the players were never communicating any unpatriotism by doing this – but it is now expected that all league and team personnel are now to stand and show respect for the National Anthem, and those who don’t? “Personnel who choose not to stand for the Anthem may stay in the locker room until after the Anthem has been performed.” Among his statement, it’s also shared the membership of the 32 clubs in the National Football League are to remain strong and work alongside players to strengthen and advance social justice, with the following bullet points: - All team and league personnel on the field shall stand and show respect for the flag and the Anthem. - The Game Operations Manual will be revised to remove the requirement that all players be on the field for the Anthem. - Personnel who choose not to stand for the Anthem may stay in the locker room or in a similar location off the field until after the Anthem has been performed. - A club will be fined by the League if its personnel are on the field and do not stand and show respect for the flag and the Anthem. - Each club may develop its own work rules, consistent with the above principles, regarding its personnel who do not stand and show respect for the flag and the Anthem. - The Commissioner will impose appropriate discipline on league personnel who do not stand and show respect for the flag and the Anthem. Some took to the internet to then raise the question, including NBC Sports: “If Colin Kaepernick and Eric Reid can’t get hired because they won’t commit to standing for the anthem, Wednesday’s uncompromising compromise fashioned by owners who fear a tweet or an base-inspiring rally remark removes the last impediment to their unemployment, right?” Time will tell if Kaep and Reid will end up back on the field. Amy Cooper is one with the force and the force is with her.	<urn:uuid:1e2900f0-5f22-449a-9707-6a2dfe8fc311>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://hotaugusta.com/2018/05/23/theres-ruling-field-nfl-kneeling/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz	en	0.94171	460	1.796875	2
Each mobile learning program has specific device requirements and recommendations. This chart identifies all of the required and recommended hardware for each program. Required Hardware - this included hardware that students must buy as a requirement of the program. Recommended Hardware - this includes hardware that is suggested in addition to the required devices. BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) - Students in these programs require either a smart phone, tablet or laptop or any make or model.	<urn:uuid:bdcc5b0d-cd2b-4d4d-bb4e-efff0aaac237>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://lambtoncollege.ca/About_Us/Mobile_Learning/Technological_Requirements/Hardware/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.929449	89	2.21875	2
In Kansas, businesses are allowed to incorporate, thereby becoming their own legal entities. After incorporation, buying and selling property, agreeing to contracts and exercising legal rights are considered acts of the business itself and not its owners. To incorporate in Kansas, a business must file with the Secretary of State in compliance with specific guidelines. Benefits of Incorporation in Kansas There are distinct advantages to incorporating a business. Most importantly, liabilities the business accrues may be satisfied only by assets that the owners have specifically invested in it. With unincorporated businesses, personal property of owners can be liquidated in order to fulfill the liabilities of the business. Also, creditors in the Olathe area generally prefer to deal with corporations, since a loan is an investment more easily evaluated when the credit-worthiness of various owners is not an issue. Lastly, ownership of a corporation is divided into equal portions or "shares" of stock, which may be bought and sold much more easily than the ownership of an unincorporated business. Costs of Incorporation Incorporation comes at a price. First, Kansas might charge a filing fee to process applications for incorporation. Also, the corporation will pay taxes as its own entity. In other words, the profits a corporation makes are now taxed separately, while any disbursements to shareholders are taxed as individual income. This is called double taxation. However, a business might avoid this disadvantage with proper planning and assistance from a local Olathe lawyer.	<urn:uuid:30f222ea-bf0d-4e45-909b-70e8d27c4c75>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/KS/Olathe/business-incorporation.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz	en	0.971529	301	1.992188	2
Risky Choice and the Relative Size of Stakes 31 Pages Posted: 29 May 2007 Last revised: 6 May 2008 Date Written: May 2008 We examine framing effects by analyzing how risky choice depends on the absolute and relative size of the amounts at stake, using an extensive sample of choices from ten different editions of the large-stake TV game show Deal or No Deal. Our analyses within and across the samples suggest that risky choice is highly sensitive to the context, as defined by the initial set of prizes in the game. In each sample, contestants respond in a similar way to the stakes relative to their initial level, even though the initial level differs widely across the various editions. Amounts therefore appear to be primarily evaluated relative to a subjective frame of reference rather than in terms of their absolute monetary value. Keywords: Decision making under risk, Framing, Expected utility theory, Prospect theory JEL Classification: D81, C93 Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation	<urn:uuid:579cc395-33c4-4251-bac4-656048343dca>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=989242	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz	en	0.916048	202	1.890625	2
- Thyax Supplement Facts - Best Supplements for Thyroid Deficiency - Natural Alternatives to Synthroid - Obesity and Your Thyroid - A Connection? - How to Stimulate Your Thyroid Gland Naturally - Thyax: Frequently Asked Questions - Desiccated Thyroid Extract - Vitamins for Hypothyroid - Low T3 and T4 Levels? Boost it: Heres How... - Thyroid Doctors – Top 10 to Consider - More Articles ... Confused about your recent thyroid test? Here is some information on TSH range. The Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) plays a very vital role in our bodies – and is just as important as the thyroid hormones in the body. The TSH or thyrotropin does not come from the thyroid itself, but is instead secreted by the pituitary gland. Once it is secreted, the thyrotropin makes its way to the thyroid gland, where its receptors are located. Once the hormones attach to its receptors, it stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones. There are plenty of preconceived notions about the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, especially when it comes to TSH levels. To understand how thyrotropin affects the thyroid and the whole body, it’s important to take a look at the thyroid first. First off, what’s the thyroid and what stimulates it? The thyroid gland is a butterfly-shaped gland that is located on the front lower part of the neck, just underneath the Adam’s apple. The thyroid gland has a bridge on the middle part that unites two side lobes. The function of the thyroid gland is that it produces thyroid hormones which regulate the growth of the body and the body’s metabolism. Its function is also like a thermostat which controls the consumption of energy in the body as well as its temperature. However, the thyroid gland does not work alone. Its function is regulated by another type of hormone – the thyroid stimulating hormone or TSH, which is secreted by the pituitary gland. Because the TSH regulates thyroid function, the TSH levels in the body may cause the thyroid to act normally or become overactive or underactive. With that, the TSH level is very important, since it regulates the function of the thyroid gland, which in turn affects numerous functions of the body. There can be complications in the body if the person has imbalanced TSH levels. This may lead to hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid does not produce enough T3 and T4 hormones. This means that the thyroid is underactive, which may lead to energy loss and lethargy. The body may also experience changes, such as dry skin and brittle, dull hair. The person who is experiencing hypothyroidism may also have difficulty in losing weight. It may also affect the body’s reproductive system. Men run the risk of infertility and high cholesterol. On the other hand, women may have chances of birth defects or miscarriage. Hyperthyroidism is the state in which the thyroid gland is overactive and produces too much T3 and T4 hormones. Having too much thyroid hormones in the body is just as bad as having too little thyroid hormones – as it may cause a barrage of ill effects as well. An individual suffering from hyperthyroidism may experience restlessness, hyperactivity, anxiety, irritability and palpitations and may have a high risk of developing goiter. If a person shows symptoms of thyroid disorder, his or her doctor will most likely require a TSH test. The TSH test determines the level of TSH in the body, as well as T3 and T4 hormone levels too. It is the best way to know if one has a thyroid problem. The TSH Levels Test is used to: Although various professional health bodies have specified the normal range for TSH to be 0.4 - 4.5 mIU/L in the past, new regulations recognize that this range is too wide. Currently, the standard reference range for TSH is 0.4 - 3.0 mIU/L. However, clinical data show that 95% of euthyroid patients fall in the range 0.4 - 2.5 mIU/L. In addition, adults with TSH levels over 2.0 mIU/L are likely to develop hypothyroidism later in life. Therefore, the ideal range of TSH is 0.4 - 2.0 mIU/L. Children, generally, have higher TSH levels than adult. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry recommends 1.3 - 19 mUI/L for newborns. These values drop with age and by the first year, TSH level for an infant should be between 0.4 mIU/L and 7 mIU/L. Once TSH levels are measured, the results are then interpreted as the following: The results of the TSH test will be interpreted by the doctor, and this will be the basis for choosing the right treatment. If a person is found to suffer from hypothyroidism, he may be prescribed with hormonal replacement. For cases of hyperthyroidism, the doctor may recommend thyroid hormone-blocking drugs or radioactive iodine treatment. The doctor will choose the right medication and dose to make sure that the condition is fully managed. \|Next Article: Low T3 and T4 Levels? Boost it: Heres How...\| Thyax is a natural thyroid remedy that can help stimulate thyroid hormone levels naturally.	<urn:uuid:33ca2f6d-a8d3-40c3-89ed-8e318956f887>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.progressivehealth.com/range-tsh.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.931748	1,173	2.515625	3
For years, many of you taking statins to lower your cholesterol have complained of a fuzzy head and less clear thinking. Statins are among the most prescribed medications in the US, including simvastatin (Zocor), atorvastatin (Lipitor), pravastatin (Pravachol), and Crestor (rosuvastatin). While studies have not shown statins to cause memory impairment, the FDA decided to listen to patients and add a warning on the label of statin drugs. So, what are the supposed behavioral and cognitive effects of statins, and will you lose your mind over them? - Depression and suicide. Although concerns have been raised about increased suicidal tendencies in patients treated with statins, they do not appear to be associated with an increased risk of suicide or depression. - Irritability and aggression. There have been case reports of patients developing severe irritability and aggression associated with the use of statins. This has been reported but it is rare. - Memory loss. Concerns have been raised about cognitive dysfunction and memory loss associated with statin use. However, a review of reports to the FDA up to 2002 found only 60 reports of patients who had memory loss associated with statins. Are some statins worse for memory loss than others? Statins that cross the blood-brain barrier are called “lipophilic” statins. Simvastatin and atorvastatin are the most lipophilic while pravastatin and Crestor are the least. The statins that cross the blood-brain barrier have more reported memory and “fuzzy head” problems. While patients have reported these symptoms, further research does not show that statins cause memory loss. Some trials on simvastatin have shown some evidence of minor decreases in cognitive function, measured by neuropsychological testing, and that is important to know. What do I do if I feel I have memory loss from my statin? If you recently started taking statins and develop memory loss associated with lipophilic statin therapy—simvastatin, Mevacor (lovastatin), atorvastatin, or Lescol (fluvastatin)—and you have a strong indication for lipid lowering therapy, it would be reasonable to talk to your doctor about treatment with a more hydrophilic statin—pravastatin or Crestor. But don’t statins help prevent dementia? That’s why it’s hard to come up with a blanket recommendation about fuzzy head, memory loss, and statins. There have been several studies that suggest statins may have a role in the prevention of dementia. See the pickle we are in?	<urn:uuid:628424ec-12c9-4cdd-9091-3c897bb82f0c>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://www.goodrx.com/blog/can-cholesterol-medication-cause-fuzzy-head/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.942693	568	2.328125	2
This article is a collaboration between MedPage Today® and: Among patients taking statins, on-treatment levels of non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol may be best for predicting future cardiovascular events, according to a meta-analysis. In a review of eight clinical trials, levels of non-HDL cholesterol was significantly (P=0.02) better in predicting major cardiovascular events than LDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein B (P=0.02), reported S. Matthjis Boekholdt, MD, PhD, of the Academic Medical Center in Amsterdam, and colleagues in the Journal of the American Medical Association. However, they cautioned that their results are based on patients included in trials so the data may not necessarily apply to patients in routine clinical practice. They conducted a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized controlled statin trials in which conventional lipids and apolipoproteins were determined at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Data were obtained for 62,154 patients, who were enrolled in eight trials published between 1994 and 2008. Among 38,153 patients who received statin therapy, 158 fatal myocardial infarctions were observed during follow-up, along with 1,678 non-fatal myocardial infarctions, 615 other fatal coronary artery diseases, 2,806 hospitalizations for unstable angina, and 1,029 strokes. The authors found that the adjusted hazard ratios for major cardiovascular events per 1-SD increase were as follows: - LDL cholesterol: 1.13 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.17) - Non–HDL cholesterol: 1.16 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.19) - Apolipoprotein B: 1.14 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.18) These HRs were significantly higher for non–HDL cholesterol than LDL cholesterol (P=0.002) and apolipoprotein B (P=0.02), the authors reported. However, there was no significant difference between apolipoprotein B and LDL cholesterol (P=0.21). "The main finding of this study is that among statin-treated patients, non-HDL cholesterol had a stronger association with risk of major cardiovascular events than LDL cholesterol. Changes in non-HDL cholesterol also explained a larger proportion of the atheroprotective effect of statin intervention than did LDL cholesterol and [apolipoprotein B]," they wrote. The researchers noted that most major guidelines for treating high cholesterol utilize levels of LDL cholesterol to trigger treatment and dosing schedules, but non-HDL cholesterol may be a more appropriate target for statin therapy than LDL cholesterol." By using the formula based on non-HDL cholesterol, clinicians may be able to change their decisions on statin therapy, commented Roger Blumenthal, MD, a spokesperson for the American College of Cardiology. "New guidelines for treatment of hyperlipidemia are expected this year," said Blumenthal, who is from Johns Hopkins University."This is an important review because most of us believe that non-HDL cholesterol will be included in the new guidelines because it is a more accurate predictor of risk." The upcoming guidelines are the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure or JNC-8. Limitations of this meta-analysis included the fact that data were taken from trials that had different inclusion criteria. The different distributions across trials of baseline characteristics and lipid levels may have affected the results of the current study, the authors acknowledged. From the American Heart Association: - AHA/ACC Guidelines for Secondary Prevention for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Boekholdt disclosed commercial interests with Pfizer. Co-authors disclosed financial interest with multiple pharmaceutical companies. - Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco and Dorothy Caputo, MA, RN, BC-ADM, Nurse Planner Journal of the American Medical AssociationSource Reference: "Boekholdt S, et al "Association of LDL cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels with risk of cardiovascular events among patients treated with statins: A meta-analysis" JAMA 2012; 307: 1302-1309.	<urn:uuid:866b9abb-4611-4918-84b5-f133ce19e2e6>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.medpagetoday.com/cardiology/dyslipidemia/31907	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.932004	903	1.796875	2
One of the best ways to show a genuine concern and love for others is to ask people questions about their family relationships. This past week, I asked a co-worker what she was doing to celebrate Mother’s Day. The question immediately evoked a visceral reaction. As happens all too often, this lady and her mother did not see eye to eye and she definitely was not going to see her or celebrate Mother’s Day with her own mother. After apologizing and lamenting the current state of her relationship to her mother, I mentioned something to the effect that I always try to help people reconcile. She made it clear to me that she had attempted many times to reconcile in the past with her mother and it was clear her mother had no intention to reconcile with her. Thereby, no Mother’s Day celebration was going to occur for this lady on Mother’s Day! While the above scenario is a quite dismal one, it is far from uncommon. Reconciliation is a difficult road to traverse and for too many, a road that is untraveled. I love the first definition that Noah Webster lists for reconciliation: RECONCI’LE, v.t. [L. reconcilio; re and concilio; con and calo, to call, Gr. The literal sense is to call back into union.] 1. To conciliate anew; to call back into union and friendship the affections which have been alienated; to restore to friendship or favor after estrangement; as, to reconcile men or parties that have been at variance. Continue reading “The Hard Path to Reconciliation” Community. A word that you hear discussed at length in different circles. You hear about your community on the local TV news broadcast. Often, there is an entire section in the local newspaper entitled, “Community.” And then there are churches and Christians who speak about “reaching their community for Christ.” Lately, I have thought about this idea of community. As usual, I decided to look up the meaning of community as defined in Webster’s 1828 Dictionary. Here is what I found: 1. Properly, common possession or enjoyment; as a community of goods. 2. A society of people, having common rights and privileges, or common interests, civil, political or ecclesiastical; or living under the same laws and regulations. This word may signify a commonwealth or state, a body politic, or a particular society or order of men within a state, as a community of monks; and it is often used for the public or people in general, without very definite limits. 3. Commonness; frequency. On the whole, I personally believe that Bible-believing Christians have been largely ineffective at reaching our communities for Christ. I wonder if it is because we “dart” in and out of the communities we are trying to reach. We are so careful in not becoming like them, that we spend very little time in “common interests, civil, political or ecclesiastical” or “commonness” as Mr. Webster defines it. Continue reading “Not Just Reaching the Community Around Us”	<urn:uuid:a43e5b95-28d1-4cbb-add2-fc14513cf554>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://spirituallyrelevant.org/2013/05/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz	en	0.968851	673	2.46875	2
State the domain of each of the following functions. When is the Logarithms have restrictive domains: cannot be less than or equal to . What value(s) of will make ? Both the numerator and the denominator have restricted domains. To find the domain of , all restrictions apply... combine the domains together.	<urn:uuid:102ce3bf-6924-491b-a666-e186b9f689dc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://homework.cpm.org/category/CCI_CT/textbook/apcalc/chapter/1/lesson/1.5.1/problem/1-202	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00269.warc.gz	en	0.85097	73	2.796875	3
Radiating pattern in depression with burrow evident as well. A variety of animals plow up the seafloor and redistribute the sediment. Image ID: expl6817, Voyage To Inner Space - Exploring the Seas With NOAA Collect Location: Caribbean Sea, Mid-Cayman Rise Photo Date: 2011 August 8 Credit: NOAA Okeanos Explorer Program, Mid-Cayman Rise Expedition 2011 • High Resolution Photo Available	<urn:uuid:2ebbfbe4-8f54-4435-a97e-117ea8954a86>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.photolib.noaa.gov/htmls/expl6817.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00094-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.720579	96	2.328125	2
Civil War Trust For Immediate Release: 03/30/11 For 150th Anniversary Commemoration of Civil War, Fort Sumter Gets Animated First of its kind narrated, interactive map brings to life the events that culminated in the April 1861 Confederate bombardment of Union bastion in Charleston Harbor. (Washington, D.C.) – As Americans prepare for the sesquicentennial of the opening shots of the Civil War, the Civil War Trust, the nation’s leading nonprofit dedicated to preserving and promoting our Civil War heritage, has unveiled a new online tool to help illuminate the complex events that culminated in the historic bombardment of Fort Sumter. Featuring explanatory narration, animated battle sequences, and a variety of period photographs and illustrations, the Civil War Trust’s Fort Sumter Animated Map, viewable at www.civilwar.org/fortsumteranimated, is a unique way to experience 19th-century history using 21st-century technology. “As we begin in earnest the 150th anniversary commemoration of this tumultuous time in our nation’s history, there is increased public interest in both the causes and lasting effects of the conflict,” said Civil War Trust president James Lighthizer. “With projects like this animated map, which take advantage of technological advances to bring the past to life, we hope to inspire a deeper understanding of and appreciation for American history.” The Civil War Trust has created a popular series of animated maps that both demonstrate how action unfolded during major battles, as well as illustrate the importance of preserving these hallowed sites. At present, the Trust has produced animated maps for the battles of Cedar Creek, Chancellorsville, Chantilly, Franklin and Fredericksburg. The Fort Sumter effort improves on the previous formula by adding a narration track to the presentation, improving the flow of information with a more seamless audio presentation, rather than a text-based one. “History need not be found solely in the static texts of books,” said Lighthizer. “During the sesquicentennial of the Civil War, we want history to come alive, whether through the exploration of primary source documents and photographs, or the interactivity of our animated maps and ‘Battle Apps’ — personalized, GPS-enabled smartphone tours.” Additional resources for exploring Civil War history in conjunction with the 150th anniversaries of Fort Sumter and other forthcoming milestones — ranging from photo exhibits to articles written by academic experts in the field —can be found on the Civil War Trust’s sesquicentennial resource page, www.civilwar150.org. Other features include the latest anniversary news and events from commemorations across the country and the popular “This Day in Civil War History” calendar. Resources specifically related to the Battle of Fort Sumter are available at www.civilwar.org/fortsumter. The Civil War Trust is the largest nonprofit battlefield preservation organization in the United States. Its mission is to preserve our nation’s endangered Civil War battlefields and to promote appreciation of these hallowed grounds through education and heritage tourism. To date, the Trust has preserved more than 30,000 acres of battlefield land in 20 states. Learn more at the home of the sesquicentennial, www.civilwar.org.	<urn:uuid:9ba8a4f2-87bc-41d5-9937-a0ffed05250e>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.civilwar.org/aboutus/news/news-releases/2011-news/fort-sumter-animated.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00395-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.912709	685	2.796875	3
EMV chips in credit and debit cards slow fraud, but don’t stop it. Tokenization promises to bolster consumer protections. After more than a year of chip credit and debit cards in the U.S., the transition shows sure signs of progress. The world’s nations look up to America for financial leadership. But in the realm of e-invoicing, it’s a different story. Card providers can’t stop government regulation on interchange fees. But they can focus their card portfolios to make them more personal, productive and nimble. Even as the U.S. makes initial moves towards a real-time payments system, industry experts acknowledge that the transformation will be slow. Although regulatory authorities are tempted to over-reach when designing faster payments systems, they would be better off encouraging competition and market forces. To reverse their declining share of mobile bill pay customers, banks need to view bill pay as a customer retention tool with long-term revenue-generating possibilities.	<urn:uuid:51b0de67-7606-4e2c-b03f-36618e501bfb>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://www.bai.org/banking-strategies/payments	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.933036	208	1.585938	2
- Author: June Walsh Cardamine californica blossoms from January to May. Each flower is about 1/2 inch in diameter with four white to pale pink petals. The flower closes its petals in late afternoon as the sun goes down and nods before a rain. It grows by rhizomes. Its young leaves are edible but not necessarily tasty, more like bitter horseradish which becomes more pronounced with maturity. After flowering and setting seed it becomes dormant in the summer, until the rains return. You can hand pollinate to increase seed set. At Humboldt Botanical Garden it grows in the Moss Family Temperate Woodland Garden under spruce and fir, and among Iris douglasiana and trillium ovatum, all of which are naturally occurring on the site. Cardamine hirsute; a weed! It is originally from Europe, the Caucuses and North Africa. It is an invasive weed in our Humboldt County gardens. Though it is an annual which generally flowers in fall through winter, here in Coastal Humboldt it flowers and shoots its seeds ALL year. It is a member of the Brassica family and can be eaten as a bitter herb. It has many common names; pop weeds, bitter cress, hairy bitter cress and some unmentionable names. Like many Brassicas it has seeds that burst explosively, casting the seeds far from the parent. If you want to rid your garden of these evil-doer invaders you need to remove the weed before it goes to seed (ha, fat chance!). Remove the pulled plants to the garbage, as the plant's seeds will continue to ripen after being pulled and our home compost bins are generally not hot enough to kill seeds. Some sources suggest using Cardamine hirsuta as a winter cover crop! Late summer mulching is suggested to prevent germination. This gardener has not found much that is very effective but patience and diligence...don't turn you're back! June Walsh is co-curator of the Moss Family Temperate Woodland Garden and a UC Cooperative Extension Master Gardener Source-The Jepson Herbarium, UC Berkely	<urn:uuid:d12de290-8233-4e1a-b2aa-f3981ff38d39>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://ucanr.edu/blogs/CoastalGardener/index.cfm?tagname=Milkmaids	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00470.warc.gz	en	0.950224	454	3.015625	3
How do I get my cat to stop eating my food? If you’re not thrilled with sharing your meal with your furry roommate, here a few simple changes you can make to correct the behavior. - Feed your cat first. You know what it feels like to have someone eat in front of you while you’re empty handed. - Clear leftovers immediately. - Don’t give into temptation. - Try a puzzle feeder. Is it normal for a cat to eat human food? Yes, cats can eat some human foods. It just depends on what that food is and how much they try to eat. If you let your cat eat human food, make sure that you feed them an appropriately sized portion and avoid anything that makes your cat sick. When in doubt, give them the good stuff. Can I eat my food if my cat licked it? Can you eat food after cat has licked it? There is no specific answer to this question. Generally speaking, if your cat is in good health and an indoor cat, you are relatively in the safe side, although there is no guarantee. If you’re curious, just give them the piece they’ve chosen. How so you know if your cat has worms? Common signs of worms in cats include: - Vomiting (sometimes with worms in the vomit) - Diarrhea (with or without blood) - Tarry feces. - Weight loss. - Distended abdomen. - Skin lesions. - Generally poor body condition and a dull coat. How do I know if my cat has worms? How clean is a cat’s tongue? It’s Keeping Them Cleaner. A cat’s tongue is covered in hundreds of tiny, backward-facing spines called papillae that help to keep the animal clean. Researchers have discovered that papillae are scoop-shaped and hollow, which allows the spines to store and hold saliva. What is a rabid cat? Cats can become excitable, aggressive, and vicious towards humans or other animals. Drooling. Rabies can affect muscles in a cat’s mouth so they can’t swallow. They may drool or foam at the mouth. Loss of muscle control. How many times a day should you feed your cat? “From age six months to maturity, most cats will do well when fed two times a day.” Once the cat becomes an adult, at about one year, feeding once or twice a day is appropriate in most cases. Senior cats, age seven and above, should maintain the same feeding regimen. Why is my cat eating so much all of a sudden? Some of the common causes of an increased appetite are: Worms: Worms, or intestinal parasites, feed off what your cat eats and steal most of the nutrition from their food. An overactive thyroid is caused by an increase in production of hormones and results in cats using their energy too rapidly.	<urn:uuid:fd5e5d19-49f5-4f9c-aca6-2b9d78e7fd99>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.denguedenguedengue.com/how-do-i-get-my-cat-to-stop-eating-my-food/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00267.warc.gz	en	0.94151	629	2.53125	3
There’s no denying that moulding is a huge time and money investment. And in a market where the best quality products are often made with plastic and the cheapest are made with a rubber material, this is a serious investment. However, if you want to use a mould to make your own chocolate, you can save yourself quite a bit of time and hassle. You can find a lot of different options for this purpose on the internet, and you can make your very own chocolate by simply using a soap mold. However there are some disadvantages to using a mould, and the main one is that you can’t use moulds for other things. There are other ways to mould chocolate, but there’s a lot more risk involved in making your own. You also have to keep in mind that moulds can become mouldy very quickly, so it’s a good idea to make sure you are using a suitable one before you start making your chocolate. The main thing to remember when you’re making your moulds is that the mould needs to be at least 3.5cm (1 inch) thick, and it has to be able to hold around 2.5ml of chocolate. In the case of our chocolate, we were using a 3.8cm (2 inch) mould, but if you’re looking to make more moulds, you’ll probably need to add more mould material to make it thicker. You’ll also need to use something called a sponge, which is a plastic sponge that is made of a mixture of wax and plastic. It’s the same type of material you’d use to fill a mould. A soap mould will need to be fitted with a silicone base, which you can find at a hardware store. To make your mould, simply put the soap mould in a container of water, and fill it with the chocolate. Then add a sponge. Put a few drops of your favourite chocolate flavour in the top of the sponge and leave it to harden for about 10 minutes. Once the sponge hardens, you need to drain the chocolate and add some water to make a nice paste. This paste should then be allowed to hardens for about 20 minutes, and then, using your hands, squeeze out the chocolate so it gets mixed into the mould. This process should take around 30 minutes. To remove the mould, you’re going to need to put some more chocolate in the bottom of the mould to prevent the mould from getting mouldy. Now, the mould can’t be too small or it’ll stick to itself, and if it’s too big, it can damage the plastic underneath it. If you want the mould in the mould you bought, then you’ll need to make some small holes to put the mould on top of. The easiest way to do this is to use silicone tape to seal the mould into place. Once you’ve made a few moulds of your own, you will need a few things to make the final product. The first thing to do is put some chocolate in a bowl and add water to the mix. This will create a liquid that you’ll use to melt the chocolate into a nice, dark brown. Next, you want some sort of glue to hold the chocolate in place. To do this, you take a pair of tweezers and carefully grab the chocolate, and apply a thin layer of glue onto the chocolate that is about a centimetre or so in diameter. You want this to be sticky enough so that you don’t need to wipe it off with a damp cloth to keep it in place, but not so much that it’s difficult to get the chocolate onto your fingers. This is what we’re going for here, so use some rubbing alcohol to rub on the chocolate until it starts to adhere. Once this is done, you just need to mix the melted chocolate with some more glue to form a solid mould. The last step is to place the chocolate on a plastic tray, and put it into a dish with the moulds in it. It should look something like this when it’s all combined: A big, dark chocolate mould. We used a 3-inch mould for our chocolate. It is filled with melted chocolate. After the chocolate has cooled, it’s ready to use. It takes about 30 minutes to make about a kilogram of chocolate (roughly equivalent to about 3-4 cups of chocolate). For more information about moulds and chocolate, check out our article on making chocolate with a mould or use our Chocolate Maker guide to get started.	<urn:uuid:39d6860b-dfab-401a-a531-c4e9fcba8785>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://vokhuonytuong.com/2021/09/why-you-should-use-a-soap-mould-instead-of-a-mould-for-moulding-chocolate/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00075.warc.gz	en	0.936981	988	2.109375	2
Ambitious plans to curtail the spread of AIDS by promoting male circumcision have fallen far short of organizers’ hopes, particularly in Africa. As activists prepare to mark World AIDS Day on Saturday, researchers are touting new technological methods to raise circumcision rates in grown men, but face growing scientific questions and popular resistance. Global leaders in the fight against AIDS are pushing for an accelerated drive to meet the goal of circumcising 20 million African men by 2015. But results so far are sobering: Only around 2 million African men have had the procedure, even though it is viewed as an “exceptional” HIV-prevention method. And there are strong voices who say the entire effort to promote circumcision in adult males is misguided. Circumcision backers are closely watching the practical results of two new techniques that aim to help the 14 targeted African countries meet their circumcision goals. “We’re here for one reason: to help Africa reach 20 million men by 2015 – full stop,” said Tzameret Fuerst, chief executive officer of Circ MedTech. The private, Israel-based company developed PrePex, a plastic-and-elastic device that results in a “bloodless” circumcision in a week’s time, without surgery, stitches, sterile settings or shots of painkillers. PrePex is now being tested in pilot studies – the final steps needed to get World Health Organization (WHO) approval. If approved in 2013, PrePex would be available for countries to use in their “voluntary medical male circumcision” or VMMC, campaigns. Another “sutureless” product, the Shang Ring, is also moving through the process to receive WHO approval. “We are optimistic it will receive prequalification status,” said Dr. Mark Barone, senior clinical adviser at Engender Health, which is researching the Chinese-developed device with Weill Cornell Medical College. Opponents of circumcision, who cite both health and efficacy concerns, are warily watching the arrival of these devices, which are intended to dramatically increase the number of circumcisions that could be done in a day compared with conventional surgery. “Whether men will sign up in droves for a procedure that slowly strangles their foreskins to necrosis rather than cuts it off in a single transaction is a good question,” said John Geisheker, executive director of Doctors Opposing Circumcision. The push for the ‘cut’ Voluntary male circumcision is a key part of a “blueprint” outlined by Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton on Thursday. U.S. funds have already supported the some 2 million circumcisions worldwide, and there are plans to reach 4.7 million men by the end of fiscal 2013. Other groups, such as AVAC, Global Advocacy for HIV Prevention, are urging a significant “scale-up” of VMMC. It is “one of the untapped potential success factors” to end the spread of AIDS, said Mitchell Warren, executive director of AVAC. The mass circumcision campaign for African men resulted from years of observations that “uncut” men seemed to get infected with AIDS more often than their circumcised counterparts. Scientists tested this theory in three studies that involved more than 10,000 African heterosexual men and found that those who got circumcised had a 50 percent to 60 percent lower relative risk of getting HIV than those who weren’t circumcised. “This is not iffy data, this is serious data,” Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases at National Institutes of Health, said when findings from the Uganda and Kenya studies were released in December 2006. Mrs. Clinton announced at the AIDS 2012 conference held in Washington in July that the United States was dedicating $40 million to circumcise 500,000 men in South Africa. In many African countries, political leaders have gotten circumcised and promoted VMMC through advertising. One Uganda poster, for instance, shows a young woman clasping her surprised face as she looks downward, presumably at a man’s crotch. “You mean you’re not circumcised!” says the caption, adding, “Stand Proud. Get Circumcised.” The campaigns led to about 1.5 million circumcisions, as of March 2012, according to AVAC. But compared with the 2015 goals, progress to date has been unimpressive: Uganda, for instance, wants to circumcise 4.2 million men by 2015, but was less than 10 percent of the way to its goal by mid-2012. Mr. Geisheker and his allies in the anti-circumcision or “intactavist” movement oppose both infant circumcision and misinformed adult circumcision, saying that male foreskin is normal, healthy and important for male sexual satisfaction. VMMC “is a gigantic experiment,” said Mr. Geisheker. Even if it were to work, the African circumcision studies only looked at men getting HIV from women, he noted. When researchers looked in the opposite direction – women getting HIV from men – being circumcised didn’t stop AIDS transmission.	<urn:uuid:d58f3934-00e8-4d26-b86e-d31b2799d8d8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/nov/29/adult-circumcision-drive-fight-aids-faces-resistan/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00078.warc.gz	en	0.961611	1,090	1.882813	2
Air Embolism Overview What is an air embolism? A person with an air embolism has air bubbles in arteries that block the blood flow to organs, including the heart and brain. An air embolism can by life threatening. It most commonly occurs during scuba diving, or during some medical procedures. What are the symptoms of an air embolism? Symptoms of an air embolism include chest pain and breathing difficulty. Other symptoms include difficulty walking, difficulty speaking, joint pains, rash, and numbness or weakness on one side of the body. How does the doctor treat an air embolism? Treatment for an air embolism includes emergency hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Continue to Air Embolism Risk Factors - Arness MK. Scuba decompression illness and diving fatalities in an overseas military community. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1997 Apr;68(4):325-33. - Freiberger JJ, Lyman SJ, Denoble PJ, Pieper CF, Vann RD.Consensus factors used by experts in the diagnosis of decompression illness. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Dec;75(12):1023-8. - Germonpre P. Patent foramen ovale and diving. Cardiol Clin. 2005 Feb;23(1):97-104. - Hunt JC. Diving the wreck: risk and injury in sport scuba diving. Psychoanal Q. 1996 Jul;65(3):591-622. - Moon RE, de Lisle Dear G, Stolp BW. Treatment of decompression illness and latrogenic gas embolism. Respir Care Clin N Am. 1999 Mar;5(1):93-135. - Smerz RW. Age associated risks of recreational scuba diving. Hawaii Med J. 2006 May;65(5):140-1, 153. - Tetzlaff K, Shank ES, Muth CM. Evaluation and management of decompression illness--an intensivist's perspective. Intensive Care Med. 2003 Dec;29(12):2128-36. - Tetzlaff K, Thorsen E.Breathing at depth: physiologic and clinical aspects of diving while breathing compressed gas. Clin Chest Med. 2005 Sep;26(3):355-80, v.	<urn:uuid:44417321-3cb5-4310-9737-2db9573f962e>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.freemd.com/air-embolism/overview.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.786481	502	2.390625	2
News Release provided by the California Department of Education. Can be found on CDE website here. State Superintendent Tony Thurmond Announces Applications for Summer Meal Programs SACRAMENTO—State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tony Thurmond today announced that applications are available for the Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) and Seamless Summer Option (SSO), both federally funded, state-administered programs that serve free meals to children eighteen and younger when school is out of session. “Food insecurity is a daily struggle for some of our students and their families and that struggle can become even more critical during the summer months,” said Thurmond. “Summer Meal Programs provide children in poverty with the nutritious meals necessary to help them strive physically and mentally. A child who is not distracted by hunger is a child ready to learn.” According to the California Association of Food Banks, 85 percent of children who benefit from the federally funded free or reduced-price lunches during the school year miss similar lunch programs available during the summer. Every summer, 17 of 20 low-income students fall into the summer nutrition gap. In 2019, the Summer Meals Programs served over 14 million meals at close to five thousand sites throughout the state. “This type of effort could not exist if it weren’t for the sponsors.” said Thurmond. “Last year, close to 600 agencies participated. The ability to feed kids throughout the state, in multiple locations, and in some of the most economically challenged communities would not be possible if organizations did not apply. The more agencies we have, the more kids we can serve.” Summer meal sites are located in communities where at least 50 percent of the children quality for free or reduced-price school meals. Programs delivered through K–12 schools such as school nutrition are not subject to the public charge rule. SFSP and SSO are not considered public benefits that could impact an individual’s immigration status. All meals meet the U.S. Department of Agriculture nutrition requirements, and no paperwork or personal information is required for children to participate. Organizations eligible to participate in Summer Meal Programs include schools, camps, nonprofits, tribal governments, and government agencies. Applications are due by May 15, 2020. For more information about Summer Meal Programs, visit the California Department of Education (CDE) Summer Meal Programs web page. If your agency is interested in becoming a sponsor or hosting a meal site, contact the Summer Meals Unit at 1-800-952-5609 or email@example.com. If your organization is not able to provide meal services, please consider promoting Summer Meal Sites in your community. You can locate meal sites on the CDE Summer Meal Service Site web page.	<urn:uuid:faee1e9b-e4e7-404b-b3e4-3adaa1e0eba2>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.ssda.org/article/186263	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00270.warc.gz	en	0.942084	569	1.859375	2
by Reb Akiva at Mystical Paths A reader sent this question: Say a bully hurts a little boy. I retaliate because I care for the little boy. Somebody else retaliates because they hate bullies, or that particular bully. Is both okay? I feel that one is motivated by love whereas the other is motivated by hate. And in the long run, one should always be motivated by love. Another, more personal example: I used to get resentful when my husband didn't help around the house. That anger would fuel me to clean more than I would normally clean -out of spite! Time went by, I worked on myself. Now I want him to go and learn, work, etc. I realize the value of the woman being in charge of -thus taking care of the details of the house. So now I do housework out of love. Does that make sense? But my question is; both motives get the job done. But is there repercussions in the long run? Support the Path! - Posted at Mystical Paths, MPaths.com. Monday, April 28, 2008 // 4/28/2008 //	<urn:uuid:01d23649-6617-4778-80ee-b655a7224003>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.mpaths.com/2008/04/motivation-versus-results.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.960233	239	1.617188	2
Jul 27, 2009 A smart card launched by the government of India provides quality health facilities to people in rural areas, who lack access to basic healthcare. The cashless scheme offers more choices to the poor and saves them from falling prey to corrupt practices of officials. The general ward of Beena Prakash hospital – situated in the small, breezy town of Bijnore in western Uttar Pradesh – has been bustling for the past few months. Locals claim that this heightened buzz of patients is "unprecedented". What is even more unusual is that most of the patients belong to the Below Poverty Line (BPL) category and have been at the receiving end of government apathy towards the rural health sector for decades. The reason behind this buzz at the hospital is the ambitious and result-oriented Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna (RSBY) scheme launched by the government of India in April 2008. Eight-year-old Santosh is one of the patients who have come to the hospital. This mentally challenged boy's left leg was severely burnt in an accident a few months ago. The government hospital near his village let him off with just applying an ointment, Burnol. His family didn't have the money to get him a good treatment in private hospitals. So, they were forced to see Santosh suffer. Hope knocked on their doors in the form of RSBY. Santosh's father, Sudheer Kumar, said: "Some people from the RSBY had come to our village a few months ago to explain the scheme. We were initially apprehensive, but once we understood what a smart card can do, there was excitement in the village." He added: "Had it not been for the scheme, I don't know what I would do. My son could have been crippled. I am indebted to this scheme. It's like a lifeline for poor families like mine." A scheme with many firsts The RSBY is a scheme with many firsts to its credit. It is arguably one of the largest mass health insurance programmes in the world. It effectively addresses the health concerns of those in the BPL category and also the poor, unorganised workers. The RSBY provides a health insurance amounting to Rs 30,000 per year to five members of every BPL family. This is done through smart cards, which, with a unique fingerprint identification system, make them practically foolproof. Each smart card is pre-loaded with Rs 30,000, and contains digitised signatures of the head of family and the officer issuing the card. It also has details like addresses, names and photographs of the dependents. It is issued to the head the family, who selects three other members from his family, other than his spouse, to be included in the scheme. Given the large-scale migration of labour across India, there is also a provision of a 'split smart card'. This means that a migratory worker can access health facilities even outside his own state, and his family can receive the benefits of the scheme at the same time. The smart card costs Rs 30, but this has not hindered the 45.97 lakh people who are now 'smart card holders', according to statistics given by the ministry of labour. This means that 230 lakh people have already been covered under the RSBY. Brain behind the scheme Along with National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA), loan waiver scheme and scholarships to Muslims, the rural health insurance scheme helped the Congress reap rich dividends in the general elections. Spurred by its success, the government is extending the cover to social and economic segments, too. The brain behind the RSBY is Anil Swarup, director-general, labour welfare in the ministry of labour and employment. Swarup said that the major reason behind distress in the farm sector is absence of a healthcare system to treat illnesses that affect the people often. The scheme was meant to fix this problem. "We plan to expand this scheme to 600 districts across India in future and make healthcare accessible to all. A unique feature of the scheme is that it is cashless and this was initiated to root out corruption at the grassroots level. In the RSBY, if Rs 100 is allotted to a person, he gets the entire amount. This is where the efficacy of the scheme lies," he remarked. The flow of funds is fairly simple. The centre pays 75% of the premium to the insurance companies while the remaining share is borne by the state governments. The insurance companies, in turn, verify the claims of the empanelled hospitals meet the patient and transfer the amount to the hospital's account. What is the basis of distributing the smart cards? Government sources reckoned that its distribution depends on the insurance companies. "Once they agree to provide insurance cover on our rates, they can then distribute the cards and take the premium from the government. It is a foolproof process." Getting noticed in the US The simplicity of providing insurance has been noticed in the US too. A report in the Wall Street Journal elicited a response from the new Obama administration, which is trying to find a way to fulfill an electoral promise to give quality healthcare to its marginalised poor. The RSBY has created a revolution of sorts in areas where health facilities have been dysfunctional since a long time. A majority of the rural populace has had to make do with the local government hospitals and dispensaries (which have either not been established in many areas, or lack proper treatment facilities). The RSBY gives them an option to 'choose' a hospital of their choice. They can now access even private hospitals and nursing homes. However, the scheme only applies when a person is admitted to a hospital and not for common ailments as cough and cold. Thus, a BPL worker is covered against costs incurred by surgery, food, room/ bed costs, and medicines only if he/ she is admitted (Rs 100 is also granted as transportation charges to patients). In case, a person is not admitted, he/ she needs to pay the entire amount. If the cost of treatment incurred exceeds Rs 30,000, the patient pays for the extra costs. Both public and private nursing homes are selected in an area after a stringent quality check by the insurance company operating in that region. Only after they pass the stringent checks, they are empanelled in the RSBY. The smart card works only in hospitals assigned under the scheme. To minimise chances of hospitals and doctors fleecing the poor (and often illiterate) patients, the rates of treatments for different diseases are fixed. A list of common ailments is prepared state-wise, and rates are applied as per the Central Government Health Scheme. Hence, all that a patient has to do is to reach the nearest empanelled hospital, show the smart cards and get treated without paying a dime. The simplicity in the procedure is being met with astonishment, disbelief and awe in many villages where the scheme has been implemented. The credit for this large-scale awareness in all states where the scheme has been implemented goes to the field workers of the insurance companies who have been assigned the responsibility to convince the people about the potential of the RSBY and also to distribute cards at the grassroots level. Most travel 250 miles a day on an average, visit villages and meet people from morning to night. A few loopholes, which, if corrected could make the RSBY practically foolproof. "Travelling the distance" is a common complaint of the people. In many cases, this has even turned people off. From Dadanpur, the nearest empanelled hospitals lie nearly 40 miles away in either Bahadurgarh or Rewari districts. Lack of hospitals and medical care centres in towns and villages is a serious problem. However, as this scheme is market-driven, more and more entrepreneurs, realising that a lot of government and insurance money is flowing in this sector, are setting up hospitals. "There is a flow of Rs 2 crore each year in small towns towards healthcare. This is an exciting business model for businessmen. As more smart cards are distributed more hospitals will emerge," claimed a government official. The RSBY, by sorting out health problems of the people living below poverty line, has the potential to end farmers' distress and increase their productivity. Healthier India would revolutionise the level of productivity and also lend dignity to those struggling at the margins. To read the full story, please click here.	<urn:uuid:99efc4df-8a03-4145-bf5a-002c63c1fac1>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://southasia.oneworld.net/features/smart-card-for-healthy-living-in-india	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00192-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.972162	1,755	2.140625	2
Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked (Jewish Home) toured the city of Hevron on Tuesday and expressed hope that during Donald Trump's presidency the construction freeze in Jerusalem, Judea, and Samaria would end. The minister toured the Cave of the Patriarchs, the Hezekiah quarter, the Jewish areas of the marketplace, the Avraham Avinu quarter, the Rachel and Leah house, the new archaeological excavations from the Second Temple period, and the Tel Rumeida neighborhood. The tour was intended to examine legal issues regarding the Jewish community in Hevron which have not been addressed for a long period. Shaked said that "I am here at a time when the world chooses to condemn Israel for building. I have chosen to come and strengthen the Jewish community in Hevron. It is unthinkable that construction in Hevron has been stuck for so many years." When Shaked reached the Cave of the Patriarchs, she stated: "This place is ours both by legal and historic right. Our forefather Abraham walked here and began to build a nation which taught the world what true morality means. Afterwards David, King of Israel established his monarchy here." "Abraham bought the Cave with a valid legal document which was the first of its kind in the world. The Jews living in Hevron are the indigenous people returning to the houses of their mothers and fathers. One of the problems facing them is that due to the construction freeze they are getting older and there is no available residence for young couples. This is an untenable situation. "I wish to say from this place that in ten days' time all the excuses will be gone. We must build and build, develop Jerusalem as well as Judea and Samaria since it is our home. This is our right," emphasized the minister.	<urn:uuid:d3ae9446-88f4-48d3-b08c-2a6f3c5c4c74>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/223056	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00279-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.968049	372	1.664063	2
The Continuing Story of Manufacturers' Off-Label Promotion of Approved or Cleared Medical Products Prior to the end of the previous Administration, FDA released several draft guidance documents and a white paper addressing different types of communications about medical products. On January 18, 2017, FDA published two draft guidances answering questions and providing FDA's recommendations regarding different types of communications about medical products: "Drug and Device Manufacturer Communications With Payors, Formulary Committees, and Similar Entities" and "Medical Product Communications That Are Consistent With the FDA-Required Labeling." These draft guidance documents, respectively, address: - Firms' communication of health care economic information ("HCEI") about prescription drugs to payors, formulary committees, or other similar entities with knowledge and expertise in the area of health care economic analysis. The FDA uses a Q&A format in the draft guidance to address communication of HCEI to these groups regarding approved drugs and regarding investigational drugs and devices. The document addresses: what constitutes HCEI, how it can be presented, appropriate audiences, FDA implementation, what FDA considers related to an approved indication, and evidentiary support for HCEI, among other issues. - How FDA evaluates firms' medical product communications that present information not contained in FDA-required labeling but that may be consistent with such labeling. The draft guidance document describes three factors it considers in evaluating whether the representations or suggestions in a communication about a product are consistent with the product's FDA-required labeling, namely: (i) how the information compares with certain conditions of use (indication, patient population, limitations and directions for handling/use, and dosing/administration); (ii) whether the information communicated increases the potential for harm relative to the FDA-required labeling information; and (iii) whether the directions for use enable the product to be safely and effectively used under the conditions communicated. Additionally, it provides examples of what communications could or could not be considered consistent with the FDA-required labeling for a product. FDA also outlines the evidence required to support these communications and provides general recommendations to help ensure the communications are not construed as false or misleading. Additionally, on January 18, 2017, FDA posted as part of the docket on Manufacturer Communications Regarding Unapproved Uses of Approved or Cleared Medical Products, an Agency memorandum describing "Public Health Interests and First Amendment Considerations Related to Manufacturer Communications Regarding Unapproved Uses of Approved or Cleared Medical Products," at the same time reopening the docket through April 19, 2017. The FDA Memorandum specifically addresses First Amendment matters by laying out is position on case law regarding off-label communications, provides FDA's initial reactions to proposed mechanisms to address First Amendment concerns, and invites comments on the document. Notably, the FDA Memorandum rejects 12 alternative approaches to address off-label promotion suggested in Caronia and by some commentators, stating it "is concerned that none of them appear to integrate the complex mix of numerous, and sometimes competing, interests at play and thus do not best advance those multiple interests." Some of the alternatives included creating ceilings or caps on the number of prescriptions for an unapproved use, limiting Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement to approved uses, or educating health care providers and patients to differentiate false and misleading promotion from truthful and nonmisleading information. FDA has requested comments on its review of the alternatives. This activity follows the November 2016 public hearing regarding a number of specific questions related to off-label communications of approved or cleared medical products to support the Agency's engagement "in a comprehensive review of its regulations and policies" governing these communications. Although FDA has committed since 2011 to evaluate its related policies, FDA has not yet published any other guidance on the matter except for a 2014 draft guidance that recommended practices to distribute scientific and medical publications on unapproved new uses. As a side note, on March 21, 2017, Arizona Governor Doug Ducey signed HB 2382, the Free Speech in Medicine Act, into law. The state law allows drug companies to communicate with doctors and other health-care providers about safe and effective off-label uses for approved medical products but does not permit advertising of off-label uses directly to consumers. Jones Day publications should not be construed as legal advice on any specific facts or circumstances. The contents are intended for general information purposes only and may not be quoted or referred to in any other publication or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Firm, to be given or withheld at our discretion. To request reprint permission for any of our publications, please use our "Contact Us" form, which can be found on our web site at www.jonesday.com. The mailing of this publication is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. The views set forth herein are the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Firm.	<urn:uuid:0fdfb2e2-4a22-46d7-9c3a-b61a41ba172e>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2017/04/the-continuing-story-of-manufacturers-offlabel-promotion-of-approved-or-cleared-medical-products	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00275.warc.gz	en	0.912193	993	1.882813	2
ALTERNATIVE LEARNING OPPORTUNITIES COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT CENTER CIC is an experiential education and community service program which provides academic credit, training, supervision, and support for students who volunteer in non- profit human service agencies of their choice in the San Francisco Bay Area. The program is based on reciprocal learning, sharing, and teaching and offers opportunity for personal growth as well as career skills development. A student may receive 4-7 upper division English units for using and improving upon a variety of commuication skills as the means of gaining the greatest benefit from the volunteer experience. Courses currently available are ENG 396, 397, 630, 695, and 696 (ENG 696 fulfills the early field experience requirement for credential candidates). The educational philosophy is designed to give students an opportunity to move from the classroom into the community, from large lecture classes into small groups, from passive learning into active involvement, from being supervised and taught into supervising and teaching others. CIC offers Peer Counseling classes for those students who wish to understand themselves better and improve their helping relationship skills. In addition, work experience is available for exceptionally mature students who are capable of administering the program through membership on CIC staff. For further information about the opportunities available, visit Building T-A or call 338-1486. COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM The Cooperative Education Program offers students an opportunity to receive credit for academically relevant field assignments in which theoretical course work can be applied to real world problems. Students may receive either six units for part-time work or twelve units for full-time work. Accumulated units count toward a Certificate in Cooperative Education. Units are not intended to replace general education nor major curricular course work. Limited free elective units may be substituted upon approval of advising faculty, or the cooperative education faculty coordinator within the student's major field of study. This program is open to all university majors. For further information, go to TH 215 or call 338-1050. CREDIT BY EVALUATION FOR EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING (CEEL) CEEL is designed to meet the needs of students whose university-level prior learning experiences can be evaluated for credit towards certain general education/major/elective requirements of the university. Credit is offered only after a comprehensive and searching evaluation by a faculty member in the area for which credit is sought and approved by a team of assigned faculty members. Two types of credit can be earned through CEEL. Students who work closely with an SFSU faculty member and develop an extensive portfolio regarding prior learning can earn a maximum of six residence units under one of the following course descriptions: BSS 250, CEEL 300, EDUC 250, or CHS 350. Through the portfolio process a student can earn a maximum of 30 units beyond the six (6) CEEL course credits above. These 30 units will be recorded on the SFSU transcript as "Advanced Standing" and are considered transfer credits. These units will not meet SFSU residence requirements toward the baccalaureate degree. For further information, contact the Advising Center, ADM 212, 338-2101. Amount of Credit Credit for prior "Advanced Standing" will not exceed 30 units including any units for experiential learning which may be accepted as a result of California State University policy from other institutions. The faculty in any academic program may set additional limits on the number of experiential learning units accepted, or required, for majors or minors in that program. DEPARTMENTAL INTERNSHIP PROGRAMS There are 37 different internship programs offered in the academic curricula of San Francisco State University. Internships have become the major factor in gaining employment after graduation. Check the departments for details or contact the Career Center for a list, ADM 211, 338-1761. INTENSIVE LEARNING PROGRAM The Intensive Learning Program (ILP) was designed specifically to improve the retention and graduation of those students who, based on ELM and EPT scores, are the most seriously underprepared in the critical skills of written communication and mathematics. The target population are those first-time freshmen who have scored in the bottom quartile of the Entry Level Mathematics test (370 and below) and/or English Placement Test (141 and below). Another goal of this program is to increase the retention and graduation of underrepresented minorities, who are disproportionately overrepresented in this population, in the CSU system. Students who have scored in the bottom quartile of the Entry Level Mathematics test (370 and below) and/or English Placement Test (141 and below) are invited to an orientation meeting to enroll in special ILP classes. These classes are smaller in size (approximately eighteen students per class) along with special curriculum designed specifically to prepare students to succeed in first year composition (ENG 114) and/or with their quantitative reasoning requirement. The smaller classroom size and curriculum allow instructors to focus more attention on individual students. The progress of each ILP student is carefully monitored by the ILP staff. THE WASHINGTON CENTER San Francisco State University has a contractual arrangement with The Washington Center in Washington, D.C., to provide matriculated students with internship experiences in the nation's capital. Internship placements are made in a variety of executive, legislative, and judicial offices of the government. Students are also placed in other sites such as trade and professional associations, lobbying groups, national media corporations, non-profit agencies, educational institutions, environmental offices, and Registration for The Washington Center credit involves the same registration procedures and fees as courses taught on campus. Credit (usually 9-12 units) is awarded through regular course offerings. The Washington Center has scholarships available to assist with housing, transportation, and other expenses. For additional information, contact the Career Center, ADM 211; 338-1761.	<urn:uuid:53e9dd42-3810-4832-8d41-e7ea0676c1f7>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.sfsu.edu/~bulletin/previous_bulletins/9496/sec-2/alt-lrng.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.926215	1,307	1.65625	2
Initially, appointments within the police department were made for only a year at a time and many failed to be reappointed. During the administration of Homer S. Cummings in 1901 the salary of the Chief was fixed at $1200/year and patrolmen's salaries were graded and ranged from $50-60/month. The first bicycled policeman was Arnold Kurth in 1894. He came from Cologne, Germany. He worked as an iceman on Cove Pond, then became the “Boy Cop,” wearing Police Badge #1 until he retired. The first police headquarters was established on May 12, 1894 in the Whitney Building at Canal and Atlantic Streets. The department remained there for two years, moving on July 31, 1896 to the Quintard Building in Atlantic Square . On April 1, 1907 , the department was moved to Bank Street in the Town Hall with the Detective Bureau (established June 1909 through an amendment to the City Charter) housed separately directly across the street at 51 Bank Street . The Bureau's first detective was James J. Heffernan, who was also the acting dog warden. The Detective Bureau was originally made up of two men but grew steadily. The Detective Bureau was moved out in 1946. By 1909 the Stamford Police department had grown to the point that it was as large as any for a city the size of Stamford . Chief William H. Brennan presided over a total of 20 men including two sergeants, a detective sergeant, an acting detective/dog warden, a driver for the police wagon and ambulance, and 14 patrolmen. An additional 30 men were contracted as special policemen to be called upon as needed. The police had for some time been stationed at the Town Hall building with separate departments for male and female prisoners and each having its own cell. Records and materials were kept in the Chief's private office on the first floor. Index cards were in use to ease the use of records. A rogue's gallery was also established, the Bertillion system of fingerprinting and identification, an innovation of its day, Stamford Police started using it in 1907. The detective bureau was located on the next upper floor with its own records and photo archive. The Sergeants' office was on the ground floor entered from Bank Street. In terms of technology the police relied on a telephone system, consisting of 17 call boxes located at different locations throughout the city and linked to police headquarters. The police maintained two new vehicles, an ambulance and a patrol wagon, both horse drawn. The single police horse was taken care of by the driver. Patrolmen worked in three shifts of eight hours each. Sergeants worked 11 hour days while the Chief, detectives and driver were virtually always on duty or on call. Uniform firearms were introduced in 1909 as well. The department covered the City which was that area below Bull's Head. Town constables continued to play a role along side the police in apprehending criminals and also in the performance of detective duty. The constables were elected for two year terms. Two of the most notable in 1909 were Andrew Schlechtweg and Hugh Oefinger. Schlechtweg was a Stamford native who by 1909 had served as a constable for 18 years. His private detective agency Schlechtweg & Oefinger held the state record for apprehending horse thieves. Oefinger, also a Stamford native, had by 1909 served as constable for nine consecutive years and was Schlechtweg's business partner. Stamford got its first police matron in February 1911. Her name was Seraphina Klahre and she doubled as secretary to Chief William H. Brennan. Following the short tenure of James Heffernan as Chief (1923-1926), John B. Brennan was appointed (1926-54). This Chief Brennan had been appointed to the department March 11, 1914 and was one of the city's first bicycle policemen. He was elevated to Captain June 10, 1919 and succeeded Heffernan March 8, 1926 . Aides of Chief Brennan in the management of police department affairs were Capt. Martin C. Ryan, who was first named to the department in 1905, and Walter Faubel, a member of the department since 1917. Other department officers included three desk sergeants, three street sergeants, and a traffic sergeant. By 1941 the Board of Public Safety created by the Connecticut State Legislature made appointments formerly controlled by the Common Council. Joseph W. Kinsella succeeded Brennan occupying the Chief's chair until Feb. 1, 1977. By 1929 Stamford was linked with 14 other police departments and the State DMV in the police telegraph typewriter system. From the time of its inception, the Detective Bureau maintained an active file of all cases under investigation. A special card index system was inaugurated in 1934, so that all automobile accidents could be classified. This file was under the direction of the Safety Officer and was used by all members of the department A complete fingerprint file was also maintained. A photo archive of shots taken at the scene of the crime was also on file. By 1941 Stamford 's Police department included 72 patrolmen and 20 officers. By 1946 the department had continued to grow the total force comprised of a Chief, two Captains, one in the uniform division and one in the Detective division, a Lieutenant in the uniform division, nine detective sergeants, three desk sergeants, one traffic maintenance sergeant, four street sergeants, and 85 patrolmen—13 of them served in the armed forces during WWII—and a Police Matron to care for women prisoners. The police department was still based primarily on the ground floor of the old Town hall despite attempts to acquire an alternate site for the department. In 1916, the Board of Finance refused to approve a project to acquire a site on West Park Place . Later in the 1930s, during the tenure of mayor Alfred N. Phillips Jr., another project to build a new police headquarter on Elm Street was defeated. In November of 1951 the police department had taken over the third floor of the Central Fire Station on Haig Ave. It stayed there till the new building was completed. In August of 1956 the Police moved to their current location at the intersection of Bedford Street and Hoyt Street extension. Also by 1941, salaries had risen considerably from 1901, with Chief John Brennan receiving $4500/year and first-grade patrolmen receiving $45/week. Patrolmen were selected from the supernumerary list and were eligible for retirement aftert 25 years with a pension. Around 1940 communications within the department were improved through the installation of a three-way radio system that allowed patrol cars to keep in instant contact with headquarters at all times. There were by then eight radio-equipped cars in city service and two in the town department , where an organized police department had been started in 1925. The adoption of radio also made it necessary to increase the members of the departments. Six men on the city force had this duty and two on the town force. In 1946 there were 6 cars equipped with radios, 5 of which were used 24 hours a day on patrol work in all sections of the city. Five additional cars had been ordered for patrol work as well. There were 3 other cars that were not equipped with radio that were used for investigations, a combination patrol wagon and ambulance and 5 motorcycles. The motorcycle patrol operated between 8 AM and darkness, weather permitting. By 1951 the police department acquired two Safety Patrol cars equipped with collapsible stretcher, resuscitator, fire extinguishers and first aid equipment. Also in 1946, Traffic Policemen were detailed between the hours of 7 AM and 11 PM at strategic points in the center of the city, while several street intersections were controlled by a system of traffic lights. By 1946 the police department was equipped to handle all lines of investigations. A complete fingerprinting and photographic file was maintained by the department in charge of a Fingerprint expert and Photographer, who cooperated with the FBI, filing all fingerprints in Washington D.C. Department members were also all trained by the Red Cross in First Aid so as to be ready for any emergency. Each of the radio cars were equipped with first aid equipment as well. The Town Police were begun in 1925 by first selectmen Andrew Schlechtweg to address the many complaints coming in from people who lived outside city limits about speeding autos. A special constable was appointed to do patrol work on a motorcycle. By 1941 the Town Police force had grown to seven men and three officers. Initially the force rode motorcycles, while others patrolled via the trolley up and down Hope Street and it was not until 1936 that it received cars. On Feb. 1, 1937 Third Selectman Frank E. McMahon became chief of the town department When McMahon left in 1941 Ed Lockwood was left in charge. By 1941 the town department had seven patrolmen and three officers and had two radio-equipped patrol cars. The town department first had an office in the Springdale fire house and later was at the Springdale Rolling Mills. The guard at the Rolling Mills took messages from downtown for the officers and alerted them of a message by lighting a light out near the corner of Hope and Rolling Place . In 1941, the department head quarter was located on Haig Ave. , where a two story stone building was completed by the WPA. The town police department was equipped with a 3 way radio system and a 24 hour patrol was maintained throughout the territory outside city limits. In 1949 The Town Police Department became part of the City Police Department with the consolidation of town and city. Photos © Stamford Historical Society, William Lockwood (2)back to top	<urn:uuid:89b98125-4ccd-41ba-9431-62744aaf9025>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.stamfordhistory.org/pe_pdhistory.htm	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.986447	1,969	2.765625	3
Stop the war on children, 2020: Gender matters This is the third report in Save the Children's 'Stop the War on Children' series. It reveals shocking trends in the threats to the safety and wellbeing of children living in areas impacted by conflict. In 2018, verified grave violations against children reached a record high. 415 million children worldwide are living in a conflict zone, including 149 million children living in high-intensity conflict zones where more than 1,000 battle-related deaths occur in a year.Overall, the number of children living in conflict zones is highest in Africa, with 170 million in total. Proportionately, the Middle East has the highest share with almost 1 out of 3 children in the region living in conflict zones. Conflict is becoming increasingly dangerous for children. Since 2010, the number of children living in conflict zones has increased by 34%. At the same time, the number of verified incidents of grave violations against children have risen by 170%.	<urn:uuid:d213ad8b-9998-4b5c-b213-d45ebb76c2a5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://environmentportal.in/content/466856/stop-the-war-on-children-2020-gender-matters/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz	en	0.958116	192	2.546875	3
The very first Holstein show in Richmond was held in 1912. Local dairymen drove their best Holsteins into the old LDS tithing yard (where Harris Dairyland is now located). Judges rode through the herds and picked out the best cattle. A short break in 1913-14 was due to a national emergency caused by hoof-and-mouth disease when nearly ALL livestock shows and auctions were closed in the efforts to prevent the spread of the disease and to eradicate it from herds. By 1915, though, the disease had been stopped (through vaccination and the destruction of infected animals and herds) and the show resumed. Since then, the show has continued uninterrupted. As the cattle show and sale continued to grow, other events were added to the celebration. Carnival rides, food vendors, footraces, and a parade were incorporated. The Saturday evening horse pull now caps the week-long event. 101st BLACK & WHITE DAYS Thanks to all for another successful Black & White Days. See you next year!!	<urn:uuid:253a2c44-6a4e-4cbe-8a20-4c5de1d0d28c>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.richmond-utah.com/bwdays.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.976758	208	2.1875	2
By nature, ballast interacts with railway concrete sleepers in order to provide bearing support to track system. Most train-track dynamic models do not consider the degradation of ballast over time. In fact, the ballast degradation causes differential settlement and impact forces acting on partial and unsupported tracks. Furthermore, localised ballast breakages underneath railseat increase the likelihood of centrebound cracks in concrete sleepers due to the unbalanced support under sleepers. This paper presents a dynamic finite element model of a standard-gauge concrete sleeper in a track system, taking into account the tensionless nature of ballast support. The finite element model was calibrated using static and dynamic responses in the past. In this paper, the effects of centre-bound ballast support on the impact behaviours of sleepers are highlighted. In addition, it is the first to demonstrate the dynamic effects of sleeper length on the dynamic design deficiency in concrete sleepers. The outcome of this study will benefit the rail maintenance criteria of track resurfacing in order to restore ballast profile and appropriate sleeper/ballast interaction.	<urn:uuid:4b924551-e370-49ec-ad22-71eb7614e898>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/publication110532	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00066.warc.gz	en	0.894959	221	1.648438	2
Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) The Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) is the largest international professional organization dedicated to improving the educational success of individuals with disabilities and/or gifts and talents. CEC advocates for appropriate governmental policies, sets professional standards, provides professional development, advocates for individuals with exceptionalities, and helps professionals obtain conditions and resources necessary for effective professional practice. Visit the Website – Council for Exceptional Children Council for Exceptional Children Division for Early Childhood The Division for Early Childhood (DEC) promotes policies and advances evidence-based practices that support families and enhance the optimal development of young children (0-8) who have or are at risk for developmental delays and disabilities. Visit the DEC website Delaware County Early Childhood Educators Association, Inc. As a professional organization, we offer networking opportunities with other professionals as well as workshops to help meet the needs for continuing education requirements of the PA Department of Education (DOE/PDE), the PA Department of Public Welfare (DPW) and the PA Office of Child Development (OCDEL). Visit www.dcecea.org for more Delaware Valley Association for the Education of Young Children DVAEYC is dedicated to ensuring educational opportunity for every child in our community. To accomplish this, we train early childhood professionals in best practice skills and career development. We coach early childhood education programs to meet higher standards of PA Keystone STARS and national accreditation. And we engage policy makers to invest in high quality early childhood education throughout Southeastern Pennsylvania. Visit www.dvaeyc.org for more information National Association for the Education of Young Children NAEYC promotes high-quality early learning for all children, birth through age 8, by connecting practice, policy, and research. We advance a diverse, dynamic early childhood profession and support all who care for, educate, and work on behalf of young children. Visit the website for more information at www.naeyc.org PA Promise for Children Pennsylvania’s Promise for Children is a campaign to raise awareness about the importance of providing Pennsylvania’s young children with access to quality early learning opportunities. Visit the website for more information at www.papromiseforchildren.com The mission of the Pennsylvania Training and Technical Assistance Network is to support the efforts and initiatives of the Bureau of Special Education, and to build the capacity of local educational agencies to serve students who receive special education services. Visit the website for more at www.pattan.net PA Department of Education The mission of the department is to academically prepare children and adults to succeed as productive citizens. The department seeks to ensure that the technical support, resources and opportunities are in place for all students, whether children or adults, to receive a high quality education. Visit the website for more at www.pde.state.pa.us Delaware County Department of Human ServicesThe Department of Human Services was established in 1978 under the County of Delaware Home Rule Charter as an umbrella organization responsible for the delivery of coordinated human services and for establishing an administrative structure encompassing services to children, youth, adults, and families with special needs.The Department of Human Services is comprised of the following offices: Office of Behavioral Health (Mental Health, Drug and Alcohol, Adult and Family Services), Office of Intellectual Disabilities, Office of Children and Youth Services, Office of Early Intervention, and Child Care Information Services. The Department of Human Services is located at 20 S. 69th Street, Upper Darby, PA 19082 610-713-2115 Delaware County Family Centers The mission of the Delaware County Family Center (Delco Family Center) is to help families become strong, self-sufficient members of the community. Since 1994, the Delco Family Center has become the heart of a neighborhood-centered strategy to provide comprehensive, prevention-focused services for at-risk families based on known risk factors in Delaware County. Visit the website for more at www.dciu.org/page/763 Center on the Social and Emotional Foundations for Early Learning CSEFEL provides resources for families, teachers, and trainers in early intervention. Although many of their visual support materials are aimed toward children in childcare, they are easily adaptable to the home. Visit the website for more at csefel.vanderbilt.edu Technical Assistance Center on Social Emotional Intervention Site provides research-based strategies to improve the functioning of children, free presentations, articles, and ideas that can be immediately applied. Visit the website for more at www.challengingbehavior.org/index.htm Local Interagency Coordinating Council (LICC) The Delaware County Local Interagency Coordinating Council (LICC) is a partnership among families, Early Intervention agencies, and community groups that provide quality services and resources to young children, birth through five years, with developmental delays. Visit the website for more at http://sites.google.com/site/delawarecountylicc/ PA Parent to Parent Network The Parent to Parent of Pennsylvania program (P2P of PA) links families of children and adults with disabilities or special needs. In Pennsylvania, the P2P model is a one-to-one match between an experienced, mentor parent, called a peer support parent, and a parent seeking individualized support from another parent who has been through the same experience. Parents would have the opportunity to speak with a parent who has been through the evaluation process to determine eligibility. If you are interested in this program, you can visit their website or call 1-888-727-2706 (toll free) for more information. Visit the website for more at www.parenttoparent.org/	<urn:uuid:cb037d27-8043-4d42-8b29-6fbf0ab6a5e8>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.dciu.org/Page/2908	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz	en	0.922871	1,199	2.078125	2
The relevance of fragrances and their chemical analysis Spring began in Europe on 20 March and nature enchants us with many fragrances. For us humans, the sense of smell is very important. Nowadays, a big perfume and fragrance industry has emerged, which has an estimated turnover of 50 billion US dollars(1) in 2025. This illustrates what fragrances are worth to us. Mankind use products that contain fragrances, e.g. to have pleasant scents in rooms such as shopping malls, private rooms at home or cars. Most importantly, we want to scent ourselves, and that is why fragrances are found in detergents, cleaning agents and cosmetic products. In addition to personal care products such as soap, shampoo, body lotions and creams, so-called perfumes are very popular. Perfumes are aromatic compounds dissolved in a solvent (usually ethanol or a mixture of water and ethanol). In addition to brand names, perfumes are also designated and classified differently on the basis of their composition and concentration of essential oils or aromatic substances. Due to these differences, perfumes can also have a different long-lasting scent and different scent intensity(2). Types of perfumes by perfume concentration(3): - 15 – 40 % “Parfum”,“Extrait de Parfum”, "pure perfume” or “Elixir": It is the most expensive variant. - 15 – 30 % Esprit de Parfum (EsdP): It is a rare concentration on the market, but it is famous because it is a concentration of Dior - 10 – 20 % Eau de Parfum (EdP), Parfum de Toilette (PdT) - 5 – 15 % Eau de Toilette (EdT): Most common concentration which is used to make a cheaper and more affordable variant of more expensive perfumes - 3 – 8 % Eau de Cologne (EdC): It originated in Cologne (Köln), Germany and was mixed for the first time by Johann Maria Farina in 1709. - 1 – 3 % Splash and aftershave : Their scent doesn’t last long. Good time to ask: What smells so good? Finding an answer to this question requires chemical analysis. Gas chromatography (GC) is one of the most important analytical techniques in the fragrance industry. The analysis of perfume formulation, including quality control and trace analysis is primarily performed by GC. Due to the complexity of perfumes, GC columns are used that provide maximum resolution rather than minimum analysis time. The following GC applications demonstrate how the OPTIMA δ-6 GC column can separate perfume ingredients: The fragrances have various sources. Mostly plant-based from nature, but also synthetic and in the past also of animal origin. However, the fragrant world can also have negative effects for some people: Allergies can be triggered. Some fragrance components are known to cause allergies(4). Substances of particular concern include: - Benzyl alcohol - Benzyl salicylate Less frequently reported - Anisyl alcohol - Benzyl benzoate - Benzyl cinnamate Therefore it is mandatory in the European Union that these potential contact allergens be indicated on the label of cosmetic products(5). Sensitive consumers may want to avoid these products. (2, 3) https://www.fragrancescience.com and https://www.perfumersworld.com (4, 5) European Commission	<urn:uuid:eb8006f4-466c-4d75-bc39-6f756da30043>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.mn-net.com/us/chroma-news/like-music-to-our-noses-scents-fragrances	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00069.warc.gz	en	0.908921	840	2.609375	3
Skip to Main Content It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older. This website works best with modern browsers such as the latest versions of Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Useful Search Terms Here are some search terms that will help you locate materials about Nonprofit Management. - Annual Fund - Block Grant - Capital Campaign - Federated Funds - Independent Sector - Operating Foundation - Public Foundation - Planned Giving - Public Finance - Restricted Funds These databases will help you find current nonprofit management articles. To access these, you will be prompted to sign-in using your Eastern login. Academic Search Elite Covers virtually every area of academic study, offering full text information dating as far back as 1985- EBSCOhost Regional Business News Provides comprehensive full text coverage for regional business publications. Covers 75 business journals, newspapers and newswires from all metropolitan and rural areas within the United States- EBSCOhost ProQuest This link opens in a new window The collection available through ProQuest Dissertations & Theses represents a comprehensive source of academic research in the world SAGE Premier This link opens in a new window A collection of over 1,000 of the highly regarded Sage Journals, covering a variety of disciplines.	<urn:uuid:4776b753-cb6b-466a-b994-324b4a571ac3>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://libguides.eastern.edu/c.php?g=116087&p=755942	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz	en	0.835982	321	1.6875	2
The first core hole of 2020 returns high grade gold-silver intercept in the target vein, as follows: - 23.35 grams/tonne (gpt) Au, 82.3 gpt Ag & 340 ppm of Beryllium over 1.5 metres, within a thicker interval of 18.45 metres containing 3.81 gpt Au and 49.21 gpt Ag & 113 ppm of Beryllium, beginning at a depth of 5.18 metres immediately below alluvium. - Similar looking vein intercepts in three other core holes completed to date that have been delivered to the lab and are in progress. - Core drilling continues for an additional 4 holes min. Vancouver, British Columbia–(September 02, 2020) – Arizona Silver Exploration Inc (TSXV: AZS) is pleased to report the first assay results from its recently commenced core drilling program on the Company’s Philadelphia gold-silver project located in Mohave County, Arizona. The exploration work is focused on the northern strike extension from old high-grade underground mine production during the first half of the 20th century, where high-grade intercepts were reported previously (November 13, 2019). The previously reported 2019 diamond drill program intersected the shallow strike extension 30 metres (“m”) to the north of the gold-silver zone identified in initial RC (reverse circulation) drill holes. Hole PRC19-2 intersected 15.8 gpt Au and 90 gpt Ag over 3.1m as reported in the Company’s May 15, 2019 news release. Core hole PC19-2T twinned that hole to evaluate the detailed distribution of gold in the vein at this location, to confirm veracity of RC sampling and compare RC and core sampling and assaying results, and to test for any potential for down-hole contamination in the RC drilling and sampling methods, and intersected similar results. In addition, the high-grade vein interval of 2.3 m in hole PC19-2T contains 497 gpt Be, the highest beryllium grades reported from the property to date. Subsequent step-out drilling to test significant strike and dip extensions of these intercepts encountered gold-silver mineralization in a quartz-calcite vein that was interpreted as a faulted extension of the vein intersected in the initial RC and core holes. However, these 2019 and 2020 drill holes did not contain comparable gold and silver values, and importantly contained very low beryllium values. These results did not comport with an interpretation that we were drilling the down-dip and along strike extension of what we had encountered previously. A new geologic interpretation suggested that all drill holes from PRC19-3 through PRC20-33 drilled into a second vein on the property that is hanging wall to (above) the primary vein that was intersected in the initial drilling. That hanging wall vein has a different geochemical signature than the primary vein. A core rig was brought back to the property to revisit the possibility that the primary vein intersected in our earlier drilling had a steeper dip than the dip reflected in the historical workings, and the possibility that the previous drill holes completed to test the strike and dip extensions of the primary vein were terminated prematurely to adequately test the primary vein target. Four core holes have been completed to date and all four have hit the primary vein target down dip from the previous high-grade intercepts and below the terminus of some of our previously completed shallow drill holes. These intercepts indicate the dip of the vein is much steeper than previously though and reflected in the old workings, being closer to 70-90 degrees eastward rather than the 50-60 degrees eastward reported in the old mine workings. The results of this first core hole and its beryllium content support that we have intersected the primary vein target. Arizona Silver’s Vice President – Exploration, Greg Hahn, commented, “The newest drill results confirm our suspicions that we had lost the primary vein target and were drilling a second but lower grade vein in our previous attempt to chase the primary vein along strike and down dip under alluvial cover. The results of the current drilling put us back on target to chase the primary vein with a steeper dip than previously anticipated. The drill hole collar is located in the UTM Zone 115, 733,476.77E, 3,897,529.66N, bearing 300 degrees with an inclination of 70 degrees. The true width is unknown at the time due to insufficient data points. The primary vein target remains wide open along strike and down dip. Significantly, we now know that the vein crosses lithology and is not floored by granite everywhere. We have now encountered granite in the hanging wall of the vein, where previously granite was interpreted to be always footwall to the vein. This knowledge opens up the extensions to the vein in all directions, especially where we terminated shallow holes in granite, thinking we were below the vein.” Summary Table of Core Drill Results \|Hole ID\|\|From (ft)\|\|To (ft)\|\|Thick. (ft)\|\|(metres)\|\|gpt Au\|\|gpt Ag\|\|Be ppm\|\|opt Au\|\|opt Ag\| QA/QC Program for the 2019 Exploration Work All assaying was conducted by ALS Global, an independent analytical laboratory. Samples were delivered to the ALS sample preparation facility in Tucson, Arizona, where the core is catalogued, photographed, sawed, and crushed and pulverized. Pulverized splits are sent to the ALS analytical facility in Vancouver, British Columbia for analyses. All material handling is done under a strict chain of custody protocol. Gold is determined by fire assay with an AA finish and silver and beryllium are determined by ICP-MS methods within a 31-element suite. The Company maintains its own program of inserting Standard Reference material in the form of standards and blanks to the sampling stream, prior to being shipped to ALS’s preparation facility in Tucson, Arizona, in addition to the independent QA/QC protocols of ALS Global. Gregory Hahn, VP-Exploration and a Certified Professional Geologist (#7122) is a Qualified Person under National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”) and has reviewed and approved the technical information contained in this news release. About Arizona Silver Exploration Inc. Arizona Silver is a young exploration company focused on exploring underexplored gold-silver properties in western Arizona and now Nevada. The Company plans to continue to drill test the Ramsey Silver Mine property located a short distance east of Quartzsite, Arizona, were drilling of 20 holes to date to date has demonstrated a +30 metre-thick zone of silver mineralization surrounding the old high-grade vein that was mined in the 1920s and 1930s. also, the Company has a Plan of Operations submitted to the US Forest Service to drill the initial test holes at the Sycamore Canyon project where surface geology, geochemistry, and geophysics has demonstrated the silver-gold mineral system +600 metres long and up to 100 metres wide that has never been drilled. The latter permitting process is progressing slowly, and the acquisition of the Arabian-Philadelphia property will give the Company an excellent exploration property to explore while the permitting process with the US Forest Service at Sycamore Canyon progresses. The Company is also in the process of submitting a Notice of Intent to perform exploration drilling on its recently acquired Silverton gold-silver property in Nye County, Nevada. Please refer to our web site for all news and updated property information. www.arizonasilverexploration.com On behalf of the Board of Directors: ARIZONA SILVER EXPLORATION INC. Mike Stark, President and CEO, Director Phone: (604) 833-4278 Neither the TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release. CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS This news release includes certain forward-looking statements or information. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this release are forward-looking statements that involve various risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements in this news release include statements in relation to the timing, cost and other aspects of the 2020 exploration program; the potential for development of the mineral resources; the potential mineralization and geological merits of the exploration properties; and other future plans, objectives or expectations of the Company. There can be no assurance that such statements will prove to be accurate and actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s plans or expectations include the risk that actual results of current and planned exploration activities, including the results of the Company’s 2020 drilling program(s) on its properties, will not be consistent with the Company’s expectations; the geology, grade and continuity of any mineral deposits and the risk of unexpected variations in mineral resources, grade and/or recovery rates; fluctuating metals prices; possibility of accidents, equipment breakdowns and delays during exploration; exploration cost overruns or unanticipated costs and expenses; uncertainties involved in the interpretation of drilling results and geological tests; availability of capital and financing required to continue the Company’s future exploration programs and preparation of geological reports and studies; delays in the preparation of geological reports and studies; the metallurgical characteristics of mineralization contained within the exploration properties are yet to be fully determined; general economic, market or business conditions; competition and loss of key employees; regulatory changes and restrictions including in relation to required permits for exploration activities (including drilling permits) and environmental liability; timeliness of government or regulatory approvals; and other risks detailed herein and from time to time in the filings made by the Company with securities regulators. In connection with the forward-looking information contained in this news release, the Company has made numerous assumptions, including that the Company’s 2019 programs would proceed as planned and within budget. The Company expressly disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as otherwise required by applicable securities legislation.	<urn:uuid:9221dca9-fb68-487e-a017-bd840761a441>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://arizonasilverexploration.com/home-page/arizona-silver-announces-a-new-high-grade-gold-silver-intercept-at-philadelphia-gold-silver-property-in-arizona/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00072.warc.gz	en	0.936845	2,220	1.578125	2
Rita has just returned from visiting the border of Greece and Macedonia where she was able to see first hand the situation of the refugees. As a result of her visit, SCM will be redirecting some of our efforts from coordinating medical missions to providing temporary housing for pregnant women and their new babies. One thing many people find incredible about the refugee experience is how many women are making the journey while very pregnant. We have heard stories of the women arriving on Lesbos either about to give birth or they do give birth almost on arrival. Women walking for miles and miles while 8.5 months along. Women at the border camp giving birth in a small tent then having to wash the baby over a puddle outside with bottled (not warm!) water. So many women have risked EVERYTHING to find safety for themselves and their families and are giving birth in deplorable conditions. To help alleviate this crisis, SCM has worked with local officials to find several condo units that we can rent for a nominal cost to house the women and their immediate family while they give birth and then give them some recuperation time before they have to leave. They will be visited by doctors and nurses on a regular basis. Currently the rate we have been given is 300 Euro per month for each unit, and we may have access to 12 in total. We will also provide the funds for electricity and any medications the mothers will need. If you can help us provide a safe and clean place for women to give birth, please donate to our Greece Fund by clicking here or go to our Donation page and click the link there for our Greece Fund. More information will be coming as we make progress on this program, with photos and stories about the women who have been moved into the housing. Check back for updates!	<urn:uuid:e9b16707-a2aa-4c14-b0bb-857fdeb22107>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://salaamculturalmuseum.org/mother-baby-housing-project/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz	en	0.968157	361	1.609375	2
Avast is an excellent antivirus. Even though many free anti-virus programs might lack the advanced features that the premium www.photography-orlando.com/blog/avast-review-is-wrong-and-why/ editions provide, Avast is a effective tool. It might detect dangers and block them, and the free variation lets you search within your computer without paying a penny. It also blocks advertising, makes the web browsing faster, and masks your identity. It can be free and is downloaded and attached to any laptop. You can read each of our complete overview of Avast ant-virus to learn more. Avast Antivirus also protects your PC against viruses and trojan race horses. Trojans will be viruses which could cloak themselves as legit software to infect your pc. Once on your own computer, they might damage your files, level of privacy, and program performance. They can also damage your identification and personal information. Therefore , it is vital to download Avast antivirus to keep your computer safe. But what makes Avast unlike the rest? The free adaptation of Avast has an wonderful characteristic set that makes it a worthwhile choice for many people. It could possibly scan the Windows gadgets for malware and set suspicious data into coop. Additionally , it could scan USB drives with regards to viruses. This feature can be not available for the paid types. However , you can purchase additional security services like electronic privacy networks and anti-tracking software. A further feature that renders Avast jump out is the efficiency scanner and scan scheduler. The no cost version of Avast may detect network problems, out-of-date software, and malicious web browser add-ons.	<urn:uuid:3afa63f5-95d4-47d1-9a47-c9d94ac27b14>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://shirogroup.com/2022/07/24/avast-antivirus-review/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz	en	0.93479	348	1.914063	2
Beyond Vape Vape Shop based in West Newfield 04095 ME Beyond Vape Vape Shop based in West Newfield 04095 ME . Shop CBD Protein Bars, eliquid by premium companies such as Element Made In USA E-liquid, CHBY by BLVK Unicorn E-Juice and White Label by Maine Vape Co CBD For look what i found Skin Treatment - Acne, Anti-aging and Other Skin Issues Right currently, CBD oil has gained a great deal of appeal as a result of its many usages. Substantial variety of individuals have profited from CBD oil for improving their skin problems. Right from acne, to wrinkles to decrease active pigmentation CBD can do marvels for your skin. No, these are not simply marketing gimmicks image source but it is backed with realities that you have to recognize. CBD as skin treatment Due to the fact that this does not have any type of psychoactive properties, cbd skin care will not get you high. THC or tetrahydrocannabinol exists in marijuana leaves, stem as well as flowers. 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Vape Lemonade E-Liquid Superb because it’s the only real flavour I like and it absolutely was affordable and Superb and brief on delivery	<urn:uuid:7b5cf5d3-f0f4-4b01-873a-4799971f09ab>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://charliewilsonswarmovie.co.uk/beyond-vape-cbd-wholesale-in-west-newfield-04095-me-1351	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00475.warc.gz	en	0.961644	1,556	1.59375	2
Stefan Ingves, head of the Swedish central bank, proposed that Sweden had to get to grips with the high level of household indebtedness. One solution, he proposed, was to legislate so that loan takers have to make regular payment on the debt owed, rather than simply nipping away at the monthly interest rate payments. Borg was not impressed. “I think we should follow the plan we have already outline,” he told Svenska Dagbladet (SVD) newspaper. “We need to increase the banks’ capital reserves and review risk-weighting of housing loans.” He warned that a sudden political move could affect the housing market too drastically. “We will be looking at how we make Swedish banks less dependent on foreign currency, which run the risk of currency rate fluctuations,” Borg told SVD. “Then we’ll see how the households react. We need to tackle the indebtedness step by step.”	<urn:uuid:ada83031-9d05-4d66-a1f4-d4eae6fdfe32>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.thelocal.se/20130117/45674/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00277.warc.gz	en	0.961712	216	2.328125	2
The last time Esther Fleece Allen pulled up a chair to the farm’s front porch, she taught us how to pray to God when we’re broken. Her bestselling book No More Faking Fine gave us the permission to bring our pain to God through lament. And now Esther’s back, writing on life after lament, and inspiring us to be made new. After we go through a season of lament, God will restore us and make us new. In this new year how can you leave old labels behind, and listen to who God names you? It’s a grace to welcome Esther to the farm’s front porch today… Our names are the most essential thing about us. It’s often the first thing people know about us, and yet this one word holds far more significance and sacred history than any first impression could ever capture. My name is Esther, and like every name, mine has a story. In 1937, a film debuted featuring a musician who discovers a talented younger singer, only to later fall in love with her. This story line was so popular that it later became a musical and then a rock musical and then a Bollywood romantic film. This movie was remade again in 2018, and it featured Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper. The 1976 version of the movie A Star Is Born starred Kris Kristofferson as a rock-and-roll star and Barbra Streisand as the lead actress, who was named Esther. I was told that this is where my name, Esther, came from. My biological mom saw the name Esther in this movie and decided it was the name for me. In the ancient world, names were given to reflect who a person was or who they were to become. A lot of names had the name of God woven into them. “El” is a word for God that is often incorporated into the biblical names for God. The most common name for God in Scripture is “Elohim,” appearing more than two thousand times. We hear this “el” syllable in a number of the human names we read in Scripture, like Daniel (“God is my Judge”) and Nathaniel (“gift of God”). Moving to the New Testament, we see names still bearing significance but also being chosen to honor a family member. Did you know that all of us who are in Christ have been given a new name? When we become a Christian, we immediately bear Christ’s name. Luke teaches that “the disciples were called Christians first at Antioch” (Acts 11:26). Later in the first century, Christians were called followers of “the Way” (Acts 9:2). Naming matters. Especially when God names us. Yet there are many labels in life that limit us—labels assigned to us by our circumstances, our past, our deficiencies, the things others say about us, the backgrounds we come from, and the lies we believe. Maybe we have been labeled a “loser” or a “dropout” or “unemployed.” Maybe we’ve labeled ourselves “unattractive” or “overweight” or “undesirable.” What’s more, it’s tempting to reduce others by identifying them by their labels. I hear it when women use ugly words to describe other women as “too assertive,” “controlling,” or “gossips.” I see it when Democrats and Republicans give one another unfair labels that diminish the fullness of who they really are. We do it when we label a precious and complex human being as “too emotional” or “a piece of work” or “unstable.” Yet we are not our old labels, and when we assign others to one of these reductionist categories, we miss out on the opportunity to really know them and to affirm who they are in God. The good news is God doesn’t settle for labels that limit. Instead, He gives us names that call us into a new identity that He has crafted just for us—names with meanings and names that speak to who we will become. God sees us individually, has good plans for us individually, and wants us to have a distinct name, purpose, and calling. When we become Christ followers, we take on the new name of “Son” or “Daughter.” God planned our adoption as sons and daughters through Jesus Christ, and it was His pleasure and will to do so (Ephesians 1:5). This means that if you are a follower of Jesus, you are a child of God with a new name. To all of us who receive God, and to those of us who believe in His name, He gives the right to become children of God (John 1:12). Previously, I was an orphan, but now I have the name of “Adopted.” I exchanged the label “orphan” for the new name of “Daughter,” and it has made a world of difference. Naming is more significant than labeling, perhaps because labeling only speaks to the titles others put on us, while naming speaks to our very core. Labels are about what’s on the outside. Naming goes so much deeper. A label is a name you are called or a category you place yourself in. A new name is given when God does something inside you. God’s name for you is not some elusive secret that only “super” Christians figure out in this life. No, God’s name for you is the truest thing about you. It is core to your very identity. Your name may be several names that God speaks throughout Scripture. Knowing your new name makes it personal to you. For every label that limits you, God speaks your true name. What new thing has God done inside you, and are you living out of the new name He has given you—this name that is different from your old label or circumstance? Your new name will make you different and cause you to live and believe differently. How are you experiencing this newness, this kainos, where you are “not found exactly like this before”? And guess what? One of the clues we’re given to discover who others really are and who we really are is found in God’s own names. The identity He proclaims over us has been there from the beginning, and it is the invitation of a lifetime to discover the name, identity, and inheritance He has given us. Isn’t it time we throw off the labels that have limited us, and ask God for our name? I am confident that whatever suffering or trial you’ve faced, God is in the business of making you new. Life is full of labels that limit, but God has a new name He longs for you to hear – a name that boldly declares freedom from your past and hope for your future. Join Esther Fleece Allen bestselling author of No More Faking Fine, in this profound exploration of your God-given identity that no label can limit and no circumstance can shake. In Your New Name, join Esther in this profound exploration of your God-given identity that no label can limit and no circumstance can shake. People might pin toxic, untrue labels on your back. Life might knock you down. And you might even wrongly label yourself. But God never does. Our God-given identity is the truest thing about us, and God spends a lot of time in the Bible telling us who we are. It’s time to take Him at His word. God’s names for you are not post-it-note provisions; they are names to be studied, taken to heart, and believed, all in the journey of becoming your truest self just as He created you to be. Let Your New Name be your first step in this journey of a lifetime. [ Our humble thanks to Zondervan for their partnership in today’s devotion ]	<urn:uuid:4c71ea7b-f33c-4d2d-a9c8-69fa6aebc02d>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://annvoskamp.com/2020/01/casting-off-the-labels-that-limit-this-year/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00070.warc.gz	en	0.962269	1,725	1.851563	2
Coal Giant Slapped With Record Fine for Years of Toxic Water Pollution Five Appalachian states see a bit of justice from years of their waterways being contaminated Coal giant Alpha Natural Resources Inc. has been hit with a record $27.5 million fine for violating water pollution permits thousands of times, discharging toxic contaminants into Appalachian waterways for years, the Associated Press is reporting. The fine marks the largest ever under Section 402 of the Clean Water Act. According to details of the settlement filed in federal court Wednesday, Alpha and its subsidiaries must also spend $200 million on upgrades to reduce discharges of pollution from their coal operations in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia. Between 2006 and 2013 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency says that the companies violated Clean Water Act permit limits at nearly 800 discharge points, totaling 6,289 violations and polluting rivers and streams across the five states. As ThinkProgress points out, "A big part of the reason this settlement was so comprehensive and expensive is because in 2011, Alpha Natural Resources bought a coal company called Massey Energy. Massey’s coal operations account for more than half of the violations represented in Wednesday’s settlement." "The unprecedented size of the civil penalty in this settlement sends a strong deterrent message to others in this industry that such egregious violations of the nation's Clean Water Act will not be tolerated,” stated Robert G. Dreher, Acting Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division. "Today’s agreement is good news for communities across Appalachia, who have too often been vulnerable to polluters who disregard the law. It holds Alpha accountable and will bring increased compliance and transparency among Alpha and its many subsidiaries," Dreher stated.	<urn:uuid:59fb108d-37fd-48ff-8642-4ff22e518fb3>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.commondreams.org/news/2014/03/05/coal-giant-slapped-record-fine-years-toxic-water-pollution?quicktabs_1=1	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00478-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.939095	362	2.28125	2
With consumers becoming increasingly empowered to take control of their health, being a responsible company is more important than ever. In the supplement industry, this is about elevating best practices, understanding potential lightning rod issues and telling a positive story to meet the demands of increasingly informed shoppers. When the supplement industry faces major challenges, being transparent and perpetuating an honest, proactive narrative is critical to cultivating confidence. “We want to actively build positive perceptions of our industry and work to avoid the next attack,” says Eric Pierce, vice president of business insights at New Hope Network. In order to stay ahead of negative media and quell misconceptions about the industry, New Hope Network’s Inside the Bottle initiative conducted research to help suppliers, brands and retailers proactively manage the issues that could have industrywide negative impacts and mitigate the aftershock of unfavorable media headlines. Here’s what we found. Negative media can impact purchase intent On average, there is a 30% decline in purchase intent among consumers exposed to a negative supplement industry news article. Staying ahead of lightning rod issues As a responsible retailer, it’s important to develop stringent vetting standards, as well as highlight your partners’ commitment to science and quality. And don’t forget to always listen to your customer. “Consumers want to feel confident in what they are buying in order to have a sense of trust and security,” says Pierce. So which supplement industry issues are on consumers’ minds? Our method: We asked 500 consumers representative of the U.S. general population to evaluate 16 topics related to the supplement industry in order to help the industry prioritize and address potential concerns. The top two are below. First priority: adulteration and finished goods testing. Consumers want to feel confident in what they are buying and, not surprisingly, adulteration and finished goods testing are issues that can significantly impact consumer trust and willingness to engage with the category. Third-party testing for purity, quality and potency, and developing partnerships with companies that make this commitment, should be a top priority industrywide. Second priority: genetic modification and synthetics technology. Consumers are increasingly making informed decisions about the products they buy and they want to know exactly what they’re getting. GMOs have been a hot button issue in the food world—but concerns don’t stop there. Our research found that genetic modification and use of synthetic ingredients and synthetic technology are areas that demand transparency in supplements. While completely removing these practices from the supplement supply chain isn’t a reality, the industry can stay ahead of communicating the why behind the technologies, ingredients and practices.	<urn:uuid:6f7fe569-1d8a-4409-acea-e69da1e1e3be>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.newhope.com/market-data-and-analysis/supplement-industry-tomorrow	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00068.warc.gz	en	0.933226	540	1.78125	2
Pa-Kua International League Pa-Kua is an ancient Chinese knowledge based on the study of changes in nature. It’s study and practice feature a variety of ancient concepts such as Yin Yang, Sky Man and Earth, the Five Elements, and the Eight States of Change. A system of study was developed by the late founder of the Pa-Kua International League, Master Rogelio Giordano Magliacano (1943 — 2007), featuring a broad range of courses and disciplines catering to the specific interests of any student. The International League Master Rogelio Giordano Magliacano officially founded the Pa-Kua International League in 1976. Master Magliacano began his study of Asian martial arts in 1952 and achieved various high degrees in many disciplines. Two decades of martial practice fully prepared him for the study of Pa-Kua with Master I Chan Ming in the Far East, who later named him his successor. Master Ming felt that among his disciples, Master Magliacano was the only one who truly understood the Pa-Kua knowledge in its entire spectrum. Official Web Page and Updates The official Pa-Kua website is at www.pakua.com. It includes up-to-date information about the different Pa-Kua schools around the world, pictures, videos, and much more. You can also subscribe to the Pa-Kua newsletter, which includes news and updates, by sending an email to: email@example.com Pa-Kua classes and school activities Regular classes held on a weekly basis and are usually under the care of an Instructor or Master. These classes follow a curriculum based on a Belt system. Each practitioner is taught in a manner that foster care toward other practitioners in a non-competitive environment. Currently there are nine Pa-Kua Disciplines: Martial Art, Edged Weapons, Sintony (Chinese Yoga), Cosmo Dynamics, Archery, Pa-Kua Rhythm, Reflexology, Pa-Kua Energy and Acrobatics. Regular classes are usually held in small groups. They last approximately fifty minutes, preceded by five minutes to get set and introduce the class, and conclude with five minutes of answers to questions and announcements. Children’s Regular Classes Children are separated into two age groups, 4 to 9 years old and 10 to 14 years old. They follow a slightly different progression than adult students when it comes to the curriculum and the time spent at each Belt level. Parents are invited to attend any of the classes their child is participating in, provided they do not distract them or interfere with their performance. Parents’ partnership and involvement in the Pa-Kua learning process is extremely important, hence we encourage parents to keep in touch with the Instructor responsible for their child as well as with the school’s administrators. The Pa-Kua Association and the Responsible Masters are always available to receive comments and suggestions from parents. Private Classes for the various Discplines As an addition to the regular attended classes, and with the aim of offering more options to individual students, private classes are available to work on the student’s specific subject of interest of. This will allow a student to make the most out of the Instructor’s teaching experience. For information about cost and to schedule a class, please speak directly with your Instructor. These classes are designed for Instructors who wish to improve their teaching skills and acquire additional knowledge. For more information (costs, availability, etc.) please speak directly with the Responsible Masters. A Special Class targets a specific aspect or topic within a Discipline. These classes are scheduled either at the student’s request or when the Instructor deems it necessary to the student’s continued training. Course Training Classes After the completion of any Course (explained in more detail below), students can participate in training classes that will reinforce and provide additional training of the material covered in the Course. In addition to the Disciplines, Pa-Kua International League offers a broad range of courses that cover specific topics. These courses enrich the student’s Pa-Kua knowledge thus making his or her studies more comprehensive. Courses are divided into levels and are taught by local or Itinerant Third Degree Masters or higher. Here are some of the courses: Weapons: Long Stick, Short Stick, Nunchaku, Three-section articulated staff, Knife, Grand Sword, Throw Arms, Pa-Kua Jian, Tonfa, Sai, Cane, Archery Harmonization: Chien Chi Kua, Massages, Energy Pathways, Seasonal Movements, Tian Ling (Feng Shui), Personal Profile, Nutrition Martial Art Courses: Circular Combat (Chuan), Free Fighting, Body-to-Body System and organization The International Pa-Kua League’s educational system is based on the gradual progression of levels, closely monitored by several Masters. The ceremonial passage from one level to another (Belts) occurs through the Evaluation, which is unlike the Belt examinations found in other schools of Oriental knowledge. Before presenting him or her self to an Evaluation, the practitioner needs to fulfill certain requirements which include time of practice and study plan. But most importantly, he or she must undergo a personal development within the current belt. To ensure the Evaluation’s fairness, it is leaded by a Master other than the one responsible for the student’s education, which is usually an Itinerant Master. The Evaluator undergoes training to effectively lead an Evaluation. The are eight Belts: White, Yellow, Orange, Green, Grey, Blue, Red, and Black. From White to Grey belts, Evaluations occur every two to four months with the student having attended at least sixteen general classes per Belt. The student can participate in any available Evaluation at any time. The cost of receiving the next Belt, regardless of how many Evaluations were attended, is defined by the International Pa-Kua League. From Grey belt onwards, level passage requires the student to participate in a Seminar in addition to attending regular classes. The Evaluation system for children differs slightly from the adult system. In order to move up Belt, children are evaluated in two age groups: 4 to 9 year old, and 10 to 14 year old. During the Evaluation they are assessed on their techniques, and also on their respectful behavior toward parents, instructors, and fellow students, both inside and outside the training facilities. A report is prepared before an Evaluation by the Instructor in charge, taking in consideration the progress and behavior of the student during general classes. At the Evaluation, the effort each child makes during the different activities and their progressive development of the techniques is taken into consideration. Helping children develop in general, gain self-confidence and enhance their general education is as important as their study of Martial Art techniques. Pa-Kua Open Classes This is the most important event of the Pa-Kua school worldwide, in which Pa-Kua practitioners – Masters, Instructors, students, their relatives, and guest – from all over the world, meet and share their experiences during a weekend in which all the Disciplines are practiced. Pa-Kua practitioners from various parts of the world mount exhibitions demonstrating the various Pa-Kua Disciplines. The event culminates in a – usually – very large Martial Art class, punctuated by a Belt ceremony. Currently, there are three Open Classes every year: in North America, in Europe, and the International Gathering in South America. The main goal of the Open Classes is for the different members and students of the Pa-Kua school worldwide to get together, integrate, and socialise. The Pa-Kua International League monitors and regulates the manner and levels in which Pa-Kua is taught all over the world. This task is made possible by regular visits of Itinerant Masters to any part of the world where a representative of the Pa-Kua League is teaching. Itinerant Masters perform Evaluations and can also teach Special Classes, Regular Seminars, Courses and other activities to any student who desires to take the opportunity to further their Pa-Kua knowledge. In general, Itinerant Masters have extensive life and teaching experience, have visited numerous places, speak more than one language, and have undergone special teaching training. Uniforms, Accessories, etc. It is of outmost importance that each student possesses a uniform and the accessories needed for training in a specific discipline. Accessories can be purchased on the European Pa-Kua store online at pakuastore.com Belts obtained during an Evaluation will be supplied by the Pa-Kua International League and sent to practice location of each student. The process takes a few weeks in order for the Administration to check all the data and to mail it. When the Belts, Patches and/or certificates are received, they will be presented to the students in the various classes within the shortest delays. Training of Instructors and Masters Teaching is perhaps the most complex and gratifying experience that a human being can be involved in. At the Pa-Kua International League we are constantly on the look out for individuals willing to dedicate them self to teaching and diffusing the Pa-Kua knowledge. For that purpose, since 1976, Pa-Kua has established a complete Teaching System, which, through the years has constantly been updated. This system has allowed for the expansion of the Pa-Kua School in sixteen countries. Currently, there are two manners to achieve the level of Instructor, followed by the level of Master: either Regular Classes and Seminars, or Intensive Seminars. Training is adapted to the level of the student, according to the regulations issued by the Pa-Kua International League. Training accreditation have international validity, thus allowing Masters to teach all over the world. After achieving the level of Grey Belt – usually after training during a period of eight to twelve months – a student of the Pa-Kua International League can start teaching Regular classes to White Belts. This allows the student to start building his own student base. In the beginning of his teaching career, the student will be under the supervision of his Master and of the Pa-Kua school. Progressively the student will develop the abilities to teach independently in a professional manner. Pa-Kua Instructors and Masters are all trained to lead groups of students, and acquire the tools to do so independently. The Superior Masters will constantly provide supervision and support. The Pa-Kua International League’s Intensive Seminars are the right choice for those students who would like to deepen their knowledge. These seminars are designed for the modern man and woman, who work, study, and have little time for leisure activities, but nonetheless have and extreme curiosity and desire for personal growth and self-reflection. The curriculum of this type of Seminar comprises of techniques, philosophy and training, adapted to the student’s physical and mental needs. What makes these seminars so successful is that they are tailored for each student allowing him or her to not only learn faster but also develop particular areas of interest. At present, the Intensive Seminars are the most direct manner to access to the Pa-Kua knowledge, and the fastest and most effective way of learning. They are also a starting point to pursue a teaching track in a professional manner. Before an Intensive Seminar can begin, an email request has to be submitted to the Superior Masters.	<urn:uuid:966fd56c-672f-4e5f-b947-9347ce2fdef7>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://pakuauk.wixsite.com/2020/the-school	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00466.warc.gz	en	0.951951	2,432	1.960938	2
The research presented in this thesis aims to address the issue of undiagnosed diabetes cases. The current state of knowledge is that one in seventy people in the United Kingdom are living with undiagnosed diabetes, and only one in a hundred people could identify the main signs of diabetes. Some of the tools available for predicting diabetes are either too simplistic and/or rely on superficial data for inference. On the positive side, the National Health Service (NHS) are improving data recording in this domain by offering health check to adults aged 40 - 70. Data from such programme could be utilised to mitigate the issue of superficial data; but also help to develop a predictive tool that facilitates a change from the current reactive care, onto one that is proactive. This thesis presents a tool based on a machine learning ensemble for predicting diabetes onset. Ensembles often perform better than a single classifier, and accuracy and diversity have been highlighted as the two vital requirements for constructing good ensemble classifiers. Experiments in this thesis explore the relationship between diversity from heterogeneous ensemble classifiers and the accuracy of predictions through feature subset selection in order to predict diabetes onset. Data from a national health check programme (similar to NHS health check) was used. The aim is to predict diabetes onset better than other similar studies within the literature. For the experiments, predictions from five base classifiers (Sequential Minimal Optimisation (SMO), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Naïve Bayes (NB), Repeated Incremental Pruning to Produce Error Reduction (RIPPER) and C4.5 decision tree), performing the same task, are exploited in all possible combinations to construct 26 ensemble models. The training data feature space was searched to select the best feature subset for each classifier. Selected subsets are used to train the classifiers and their predictions are combined using k-Nearest Neighbours algorithm as meta-classifier. Results are analysed using four performance metrics (accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC) to determine (i) if ensembles always perform better than single classifier; and (ii) the impact of diversity (from heterogeneous classifiers) and accuracy (through feature subset selection) on ensemble performance. At base classification level, RBF produced better results than the other four classifiers with 78%accuracy, 82% sensitivity, 73% specificity and 85% AUC. A comparative study shows that RBF model is more accurate than 9 ensembles, more sensitive than 13 ensembles, more specific than 9 ensembles; and produced better AUC than 25 ensembles. This means that ensembles do not always perform better than its constituent classifiers. Of those ensembles that performed better than RBF, the combination of C4.5, RIPPER and NB produced the highest results with 83% accuracy, 87% sensitivity, 79% specificity, and 86% AUC. When compared to the RBF model, the result shows 5.37% accuracy improvement which is significant (p = 0.0332). The experiments show how data from medical health examination can be utilised to address the issue of undiagnosed cases of diabetes. Models constructed with such data would facilitate the much desired shift from preventive to proactive care for individuals at high risk of diabetes. From the machine learning view point, it was established that ensembles constructed based on diverse and accurate base learners, have the potential to produce significant improvement in accuracy, compared to its individual constituent classifiers. In addition, the ensemble presented in this thesis is at least 1% and at most 23% more accurate than similar research studies found within the literature. This validates the superiority of the method implemented. \|Publication status\|\|Published - 26 Mar 2018\|	<urn:uuid:0ef7250c-c57e-4141-ae56-3e5bae1ce702>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://research.edgehill.ac.uk/en/publications/ensemble-based-supervised-learning-for-predicting-diabetes-onset	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz	en	0.926237	781	1.796875	2
LCA Bilingual Stars Mandarin® Textbook £5.00 per session LCA Bilingual Stars Mandarin® is another children’s favourite courses developed by LCA. Based on the concept of ‘learn through play’, children will quickly grasp the Chinese characters through interactive classroom games and fun family reading and homework. At the end of the course, the child will be able to master 288 basic Chinese characters and lay a good foundation for next level -‘Primary Chinese’ Suitable for children aged 4-7 years olds.	<urn:uuid:3fa640d0-3efb-4448-8740-da6311a156a5>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.linkchinese.co.uk/buy-mandarin-courses/lca-bilingual-stars-mandarin-textbook/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00265.warc.gz	en	0.899774	116	2.28125	2
About This Project "150 Years Ago this Week in the Civil War" is a project of the Periodicals Department of the Enoch Pratt Free Library. Drawing from its collection of historical newspapers from around the State of Maryland, the Periodicals Department will post one 150 year-old newspaper article every week for the four year duration of the anniversary of the Civil War. These articles will capture the political and daily life struggles that Marylanders faced as their cities, towns, and fields became battlefields in the difficult conflict that divided the Nation. Over time, the collected articles will provide a valuable resource for students of the conflict in secondary schools throughout the state. Permission to reproduce or publish images and scanned news articles on this website is required and may be subject to copyright and other legal restrictions imposed by parties outside of the Library. The Enoch Pratt Free Library is not responsible for the outside use of these images and news articles but is committed to the responsible and legal use of any content posted on its web site. Any questions regarding the legal nature of content on this blog may be referred to email@example.com.	<urn:uuid:8cb52f17-8f7e-43dc-b749-2dfa71f44294>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.prattlibrary.org/locations/periodicals/civilwar/?id=67618	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.943219	225	2.765625	3
Savannah, Ga. – Scientists from the University of Georgia Skidaway Institute of Oceanography and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration are working together to operate a team of uncrewed marine vehicles to improve hurricane forecasts. Autonomous underwater vehicles, or “gliders,” operated by UGA Skidaway Institute, are working in conjunction with NOAA-operated Saildrone Explorers travelling on the ocean surface. Working together, the two types of drones are able to monitor ocean conditions around and within storms, from the atmosphere down to the sea floor. They will provide hurricane forecasters with a rich data set to use to improve hurricane forecasts. “This experiment is an exciting and challenging opportunity to coordinate robotic platforms working on the ocean’s surface with a complementary underwater robot,” said UGA Skidaway Institute researcher Catherine Edwards, “By sending the pair of vehicles into a hurricane and working together, we have the potential to collect an unprecedented view of what happens underneath tropical storms.” The models hurricane forecasters use to predict the paths of storms have become much more accurate in recent years, but their ability to accurately predict a storm’s intensity has improved more slowly. Hurricanes feed off of heat from warm ocean water, like that found in the Caribbean, in the Gulf Stream and in the shallow waters off the southeastern United States, known as the South Atlantic Bight. This can be a tremendous source of energy for developing storms. Heat is transferred between the ocean and atmosphere at the ocean’s surface, but it is important to understand the amount of subsurface heat as well. This is where autonomous underwater vehicles, also known as gliders, can collect valuable information. Gliders are torpedo-shaped crafts that can be packed with sensors and sent on underwater missions to collect oceanographic data. The gliders measure temperature and salinity, among other parameters, as they profile up and down in the water. Equipped with satellite phones, the gliders surface periodically to transmit their recorded data during missions that can last from weeks to months. The data from the gliders is contributed to national and international repositories of ocean and atmospheric data that are used to improve ocean and atmospheric models used in hurricane forecasting. “Not only can we watch what happens in the ocean as the storm nears, but what that glider sees is incorporated into the ocean models that underpin tropical storm forecasts from NOAA’s models within hours of the measurement itself,” Edwards said. “The improved forecasts help us position our gliders even better, so it’s a positive feedback for ocean observing.” Meanwhile, complementing the underwater glider, NOAA-operated Saildrone Explorers will cruise the surface, measuring surface and atmospheric conditions. saildrones are uncrewed surface vehicles powered by wind and solar energy, and remotely piloted via satellite telecommunication. They measure solar irradiance, barometric pressure, air temperature, humidity, wind, waves, water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, dissolved oxygen and ocean currents. This information, in combination with measurements of surface short- and long-wave radiation, can be used to understand when, where and how heat and energy are exchanged between the ocean and atmosphere. The five Saildrone Explorers deployed in this hurricane season are equipped with specially designed hurricane wings. The shorter, more rugged wing is designed to withstand hurricane strength winds and waves. “The main objectives of the saildrone mission are to advance understanding of how hurricanes exchange energy with the ocean and to improve forecasts of hurricane intensification by sending the data directly to operational weather prediction centers for incorporation into their forecast models,” said NOAA’s Greg Foltz, oceanographer and lead scientist for the saildrone project. “Having collocated measurements with underwater gliders will bring a new level of understanding and greater potential for improved prediction, since we will have valuable information on how storms interact with the subsurface ocean.” Saildrone Explorers are under constant supervision from Saildrone Mission Control, a part of the company that designed and built them. NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and NOAA’s Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory will work together to direct Saildrone Mission Control to send them into hurricanes. UGA Skidaway Institute gliders and NOAA’s Saildrone Explorers will operate in two sectors off the coast of Florida, Georgia and South Carolina. Meanwhile, NOAA has also deployed three more saildrones, two of which will work with other gliders in and around the Caribbean Sea. The deployments ae expected to continue through the end of October. “The combination of these two data sets will help the forecast models better represent the connections between the ocean and the atmosphere, both as the storm approaches and after hurricane season as scientists dig deeper into the processes the combined data sets can reveal,” Edwards said. This project also involves partnerships with NOAA's Environmental Modeling Center of the National Weather Service and the CoastWatch of NOAA's National Environmental Satellite and Data Information Service.	<urn:uuid:6a3f4019-d415-4747-bd38-bbd3469069b1>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://coastalcourier.com/news/uga-skidaway-institute-and-noaa-join-forces-improve-hurricane-forecasts/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00470.warc.gz	en	0.939697	1,040	3.015625	3
The United States government and New York's office of finance has put in $62,419.00 million dollars in federal grants and $52,183.00 million dollars in other types of federal financial assistance for people who live in the state of New York. As long as you have a valid citizenship certificate (green card) or a permanent resident certificate, you could be entitled to apply and receive New York government grants. Government funding in New York is provided to various sectors, with the majority of the budget in business, education (pell & college grants), housing, veteran, and personal grants. - New York Small Business Grants: Starting and running a small business in New York can be a risky task. More than 58,161 small businesses or even large corporations file for bankruptcy every single year. To reduce the risks, you need to research into as many funding sources as possible. Here is more information on New York Small Business Grants. - New York Education Grants: Education plays an important sector in New York. The federal government in New York spend over $51,991,666,265.00 dollars every year in elementary and secondary institutions alone. Education grants are made available for students or even teachers in New York to finish and enhance their level of education. Here is more information on New York Education Grants. - New York Housing Grants: At an average market value of $303,900.00 per real estate property, there are more than 8,100,000 real estate properties in New York. With an average annual household income of $56,033.00, less than 55.00% of the people actually paid off their homes. A good number of the residents in New York cannot afford to pay off their mortgages. office of finance has set aside financial support in the form of housing grants to individuals in need, especially if you work at home. Here is more information on New York Housing Grants. - New York Veteran Grants: Residents of New York who have enrolled or who are current enrolling the military, naval, and air foce are able to apply and receive government grants in the form of veteran grants. Here's more information on New York Veteran Grants. - New York Personal Grants: The local state government in New York does not offer financial support to its residents for personal needs such as getting out of debt, financing a vehicle...etc. But, New York residents are eligible to apply for personal grants to receive financial help to carry out a public purpose of support or stimulation to the ecomony of New York. Here's more information on New York Personal Grants. Recent State Funding Opportunities Below is a list of opportunities recently published in the local state: Government Grants in Local StatesAlabama Alaska Arkansas Arizona California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Grant application guides and resources It is always free to apply for government grants. However the process may be very complex depending on the funding opportunity you are applying for. Let us help you!Apply for Grants	<urn:uuid:5c2ad6f0-e3b7-4598-ba73-e46c3096fcbc>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	https://www.usgrants.org/new-york	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00473.warc.gz	en	0.919621	656	2.203125	2
From: NASA HQ Posted: Wednesday, May 31, 2006 NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT Wednesday, June 7, about the discovery of carbon-rich gas around a young star that may be forming terrestrial planets. The discovery was made with NASA's Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spacecraft and will be featured in the June 8 issue of Nature. -- Aki Roberge, NASA Postdoctoral Fellow, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. -- Conel Alexander, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington -- Marc Kuchner, ExoPlanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md. Reporters must contact Susan Hendrix at 301-286-7745 by 11 a.m. EDT June 7 for the call in number and passcode. At the start of the conference, images and supporting graphics will be available at: http://www.nasa.gov/formedia Audio of the briefing will be streamed at: http://www.nasa.gov/newsaudio A video file about this discovery will air on NASA TV on June 7. NASA TV is carried on an MPEG-2 digital signal accessed via satellite AMC-6, at 72 degrees west longitude, transponder 17C, 4040 MHz, vertical polarization. In Alaska and Hawaii, it's on AMC-7 at 137 degrees west longitude, transponder 18C, at 4060 MHz, horizontal polarization. For information about NASA TV and links to streaming video, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv // end //	<urn:uuid:ffbed0a6-a3e4-417d-94b8-e5149fbc2d07>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=19979	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00034-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.816053	341	2.59375	3
CARSON CITY, Nev. (AP) - Flu season isn't over in Nevada, with health officials reporting an increase in the number of deaths and widespread activity. In northern Nevada, The Washoe District Health Department says 18 death certificates issued in the second week of the year listed pneumonia or influenza as a contributing factor. Those cases accounted for 13 percent of total deaths reported that week, way above the epidemic threshold set by the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Five deaths were reported previously in Washoe County. Nine people have died in southern Nevada so far this season. The predominant strain is H1N1, known as swine flu. In 2009, a swine flu pandemic killed more than 150,000 worldwide. The CDC lists Nevada flu activity as high.	<urn:uuid:30b6de72-f410-4da9-89d3-1035ea88709f>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Flu-Season-Far-From-Over-in-Nevada-241883961.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00066-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.971657	161	2.3125	2
Healthy Aging for Men By Dr. Andrew Myers The idea that aging is inevitable can be a difficult concept for many men to accept. Aging, from the male perspective, is frequently associated with loss of physical and mental function and vitality. The implied stigma that comes with aging often prevents men from dealing with important health issues associated with the process. The goal of this article is to dispel the idea that aging has to be a limiting factor and to shed light on some key health concerns for the 40-plus man. When we look at the aging process, some clear-cut research findings apply. We know from numerous studies that a whole foods diet high in fiber, low in saturated fat, and rich in nutrients is the best health-promoting approach. Eating fresh vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidant nutrients and fiber helps reduce the risk factors for cancer. Consistent moderate exercise promotes cardiovascular health as well as reduces the risk factors for obesity, diabetes, and osteoporosis. Together with an approach to stress management, diet and exercise form the foundation of an overall health plan. Mental health is an important concern for many men. While Alzheimer’s disease may affect 5 percent of the population, nearly 10 percent are impacted by mild to moderate dementia. Maintaining mental health and function as we age is a growing concern. Herbal extracts like ginkgo biloba and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid), a component of fish oil, can greatly assist in promoting mental health and function. Standardized ginkgo extracts (24 percent flavonoids, 6 percent terpene lactones) help increase circulation to the brain and extremities, act as an antioxidant in the brain and retina and protect nerve cells. By promoting blood flow to the brain and reducing potential damage to nerve cells, ginkgo supports cognitive function and can help stave off age-related changes in mental function. The most obvious concern for men as they age is heart health and disease. Cardiovascular disease is still among the most common causes of death among men in the United States. Diet and lifestyle play a significant role in the progression of cardiovascular disease and are also central to its treatment. Natural medicines can also play a key role in helping to reduce the risk and complications of heart disease. Nutrients like coenzyme Q10 and omega-3 from fish oil can help the heart function better. Vitamins like B6, folic acid and B12 can help reduce harmful homocysteine levels, which are now considered to play a role in the damage to blood vessel walls associated with heart disease. Coenzyme Q10 has the ability to support the production of energy in heart cells, improving their efficiency. Prostate health is a consideration for men once they reach the age of 40. Over the age of 40, it is estimated that 60 percent of men will have an enlarged prostate (also known as BPH, benign prostatic hypertrophy). As men age, the likelihood that they will develop BPH increases, and statistics show that over 90% of men over 85 years of age have an enlarged prostate. Although the initial symptoms of prostate enlargement may be considered minimal, and only slightly bothersome, proactive care can greatly reduce risk for more serious complications. Botanical medicines are effective in reducing the size of the prostate and in helping to alleviate the symptoms of difficulty with urination and nocturnal frequency. Saw palmetto is best known for its use in decreasing symptoms of an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH). According to many research studies, it is effective for this use. The latest Cochrane Database review (2009) concludes that, “The evidence suggests that saw palmetto (Serenoa repens) provides mild to moderate improvement in urinary symptoms and flow measures. Saw palmetto produced similar improvement in urinary symptoms and flow compared to finasteride (Proscar®) and is associated with fewer adverse treatment events. What Men Don’t Talk About Although men talk easily about cardiovascular risk and general health as they age, they do not often discuss one of the most frequent problems that age brings to men: an enlarged prostate. This is probably due to what they have to talk about. The prostate is located below the bladder, and it surrounds the urethra, the tube through which urine flows from the bladder. When it is enlarged, it can push against the urethra, pinching it and causing it to narrow. This results in a number of urinary discomforts: - An urgent feeling of the need to urinate, - An increased frequency of urination; waking multiple times during the night to urinate, - Some difficulty when beginning to urinate, - A urine stream that is weak and thin, - Difficulty stopping urinating; often followed by dribbles, - A feeling that the bladder has not completely emptied; urinary retention, - The possibility of stagnant urinary residue, which can lead to infection and blockage of the bladder outlet and prostatitis. The aging process is a natural one. How aging impacts us is related to our ability to adapt to the changes that occur both mentally and physically. Aging, however, does not have to mean loss of function or vitality. In fact, healthful eating habits in combination with focused nutrients and herbs can combine to make the 40-plus years the best of any man’s life. Simple Suggestions for Prostate Health Drink water: Although the natural reaction to frequent and urgent urination is to cut back on fluid intake, this is a mistake. You risk dehydration, and the likelihood of developing a bladder infection increases because the urine becomes stronger. Drinking lots of fluid keeps the retained urine in the bladder fairly diluted and reduces the risk of bladder infection and dehydration. Change your diet: Caffeine, alcohol, spicy foods and/or acidic foods may irritate the prostate, and most doctors recommend either eliminating them or consuming very little of them. Diets with an emphasis on soy are helpful. Watch your weight: At least one study (American Journal of Epidemiology, December 1994) has shown that men with larger than a 43-inch (109 cm) waist are more than twice as likely to have enlarged prostates. Exercise: Walking will often help relieve prostate problem symptoms. Stay in love: Making love can also help forestall prostate problems. Use supplements: Dietary supplements can help general prostate health. Make sure you get sufficient amounts of zinc and B vitamins. These nutrients regulate the hormonal processes that may contribute to BPH. Daily supplementation with saw palmetto will also help to naturally reduce prostate enlargement.	<urn:uuid:102ef014-3d85-4d7a-be5d-ad61c9c5f1e2>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www3.samsclub.com/healthyliving/article/healthy-aging-for-men	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.948126	1,367	2.375	2
The Ideal Compared to the Real Another way to approach professions is through an analysis of the disciplines underlying them and the manner in which those disciplines are represented and taught. We of course recognize that every profession is a powerful mode of thinking that can make a significant contribution to human welfare. However, we must be cautious not to assume that ideal conceptions of the disciplines are equivalent to their actual practices. Rather, reasonability requires that we hypothesize some gap between expressed ideals and actual practice. Let us therefore experiment with the process of comparing and contrasting the relationship between the ideals that are implied in the way disciplines represent themselves publicly (at the universities and colleges) with the actual consequences of their instruction. We shall examine some initial elements of this critique. Our examples are not advanced as flawless examples of critical thinking in action but, rather, as illustrations of how we might begin to put the above insights into action in our mode of thinking. We will begin by looking at a variety of academic disciplines from this perspective, followed by some initial reflections in each case. In this chapter, we will begin with mathematics and then consider the so-called hard sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology. We will then reflect upon the human sciences, the so-called soft sciences, and finally, literature, the arts, and philosophy. Each case is guided by two important insights:	<urn:uuid:b802f051-251d-447a-b241-f2231b7bae7e>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://westsidetoastmasters.com/resources/thinking_tools/ch14lev1sec7.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00239-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.93834	274	3.09375	3
Our ears recognize repeated disturbances in the air as sounds. Disturbance is nothing but a change in pressure, imagine pressing and releasing a spring. A single press or a soft press and release will just be change in pressure - the kind you feel when in an aircraft. When you release the pressure suddenly and let it vibrate is when you create repeated disturbances. This repeated vibration can be detected by our ears as sound. How fast or slow they vibrate can also be detected and it is called the frequency or tone. \|Sound waves as change of air pressure.\| Sounds in real world are not as simple as this. They are usually not pure frequencies. Instead, they are actually a mixture of many different frequencies. The sound waves are complex, but they can always be broken down to a combination of different simple waves (using maths). Try it yourself, in the small application below try changing the sliders and see the different kinds of waves you can create! (You may need to allow the application to run when the browser asks for it.) Want to hear how pure tones sound and how it is when sounds are mixed? Try the demonstrations below. (You may need to install this very useful Wolfram plugin though, but it is really interesting.) \|Pure Tone\|\|Changing Tone The sound produced from instruments have another property called harmonics. When an instrument tries to make sound of one frequency, it is usually mixed with sounds with many other smaller frequencies. These are at frequencies that are factors of the frequency it is trying to create. It gets even more complex from here. The way different instruments produce their sound leaves its mark on the sound. The way the sound starts, ends, the way the strength of sound varies, and so many other things. These are what make each instrument unique! How can we recreate such complex sounds? It is indeed not easy. Here is what people do, put simply: - Record and analyze the sounds produced by instruments. - Try and break it up into as many simpler parts as possible. Mathematics is one thing that is used heavily here. - Create each of the parts using computers and electronics. - Mix them and fine tune them with some more wizardry to get the final sound. Something similar to what you did if you tried the demonstrations above, only much more involved! Below is how a simple string sound is synthesized. Click on each of the sounds below to play. It's amazing how the simple tones gradually change to sound like an instrument! \|Step 1: Oscillators produce two waves\| \|Step 2: The waves and modified using something called "pulse width modulation"\| \|Step 3: They are now mixed\| \|Step 4: Wave appearance (envelope) is changed to match that of a plucked string\| \|Step 5: Filtered\| \|Step 6: Filtered again\|	<urn:uuid:c51642b3-51d1-4990-affd-b32a4c74df54>	CC-MAIN-2022-33	http://wownder.windforwings.com/2011/09/music-synthesizer-how-can-it-play-so.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00274.warc.gz	en	0.941191	655	4.09375	4
This item is available under a Creative Commons License for non-commercial use only All-optical timing extraction from a coded line signal with division of the extracted clock frequency is demonstrated using a single twin-section self-pulsating laser diode. Either the bit-rate clock or a submultiple of the bit-rate clock can be extracted, depending only on the dc biases applied to the self-pulsating laser diode. Timing extraction is carried out for the first time without optical injection locking of the self-pulsating laser diode by the optical data source. Farrell, G., Phelan., P., Hegarty, J., Shields, J.: All optical timing extraction with frequency division using a twin section laser diode. Photonics Technology Letters, 1993, Vol. 5, no.6, pp.718-721. doi:10.1109/68.219722	<urn:uuid:95379cc8-ea77-4cd5-9f39-656dc141d6d7>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://arrow.dit.ie/engscheceart/7/	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00251-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.734501	190	2.09375	2
News stories published over the past couple of days have revealed just how much information the U.S. National Security Agency collects about the communications of hundreds of millions of people around the world. The Guardian, for example, reported that Verizon has been sending the U.S. government "metadata" about all of its telephone records so the government can analyze who is talking to who, when, and where. The Washington Post followed up with an even more shocking story, which said that the government "directly [taps] into the central servers" of Google (GOOG), Yahoo (YHOO), Microsoft (MSFT), Facebook (FB), and other leading tech companies and monitors communications in real time." One of the Post's sources on that story, described as a "career intelligence officer," was said to be so horrified by the power of this surveillance program that the officer voluntarily exposed it. Other news organizations have since confirmed the existence of this surveillance program, called PRISM, but Apple, Yahoo, Facebook, and Google have since explicitly denied that the government has "direct access" to its servers. The Washington Post originally reported that the companies "knowingly" participated in the surveillance program, but it has since removed that assertion. (An earlier Wired story suggests that the government may have engaged foreign companies to collect and store information as it passed through global networks, rather than tapping into the company servers). Not surprisingly, the revelation that the U.S. government collects and analyzes trillions of global communications has freaked out not just privacy advocates but ordinary citizens. And now that the extent of the government's intelligence program has been revealed, it's certainly worth having a national conversation about how much information the government should have access to and what legal hurdles investigators should have to clear when they collect and analyze specific information about specific people. One thing that should not surprise anyone, however, is that the government considers Internet-based communications and secrecy critical to national security. Similarly, no one should be surprised that U.S. companies are expected to provide data to the government when requested (the companies have done this for years). If we want our government to have any chance of protecting the country against terrorist attacks and other threats, we have to allow the government to collect, analyze, and investigate communications data. And given that most important communications now flow through the Internet and telecom networks, we have to give the government the power to analyze at least some of these communications. The key is to empower the government to do this without so compromising the rights and privacy of innocent people that we turn the country (and, really, the world) into a Big Brother surveillance state. And given that the full scope of the government's digital intelligence effort is finally coming into focus, it's worth reviewing the checks and balances that are in place and where we should draw the lines. Tell Us What You Think! Got a topic you’d like covered? Have a guest you’d like to see interviewed? Send an email to: firstname.lastname@example.org. You can also look us up on Twitter and Facebook. More from The Daily Ticker: - Internet & Networking Technology - Politics & Government	<urn:uuid:47bad187-4f7a-4bc9-815a-eb245cb3d19a>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/daily-ticker/americans-freak-realize-much-data-government-collects-152037106.html?.tsrc=warhol	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00489-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.956878	659	2.359375	2
British Defence Attaché Lt Col Matt Skuse RM represented the British government at ceremonies marking the unveiling of a statue in honour of World War II resistance hero Joachim Rønneberg, DSO on 30 August 2014. The events took place on the 95th birthday of the Norwegian WWII commando, trained by SOE in the UK and best known for his role in Operation Gunnerside which sabotaged the Vemork plant at Rjukan in order to stop the German nuclear project from acquiring heavy water. LtCol Skuse said “It’s an honour to be here, the Gunnerside raid is a legendary military action with real strategic significance; Rønneberg is a genuinely significant figure in Norwegian war history and in the history of special operations. As well as the Gunnerside operation at the heavy water plant he also lead the less glamorous but equally impressive Operation Fieldfare, and it was great to see those names also carved on this magnificent memorial. At 95, Rønneberg is still mentally sharp and clear of thought, and ever the humble and very humane man you read about in the history books but it’s hard not to be just a little star struck in his company.” Several thousand members of the public gathered in Ålesund’s town square to watch Her Highness Princess Astrid, Mrs Ferner, the older sister of His Majesty King Harald V of Norway and Mayor of Ålesund Bjørn Tømmerdal unveil the statue together with Rønneberg. In his speech Rønneberg, a member of Norwegian Independent Company, Kompani Linge, humbly reminded attendees of the contribution of his colleagues and the many others involved in the Norwegian Resistance movement. He spoke of the importance of teaching younger generations about defence history and current defence affairs. The statue was created by sculptor Håkon Anton Fagerås and in an initiative by Ålesund East Rotary Club, Aalesunds Museum and Sparebanken Møre to honour Joachim Rønneberg. After the war Rønneberg worked for many years as a broadcast journalist with state broadcaster NRK	<urn:uuid:927dabc3-74fd-41ae-b6de-80060777533c>	CC-MAIN-2016-44	https://www.gov.uk/government/world-location-news/uk-represented-at-ronneberg-statue-unveiling-in-alesund-norway	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.957841	463	1.96875	2
As a part of the SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan), Braille and large print books are given to the blind and visually handicapped children studying in the upper and lower primary schools throughout the country. The numbers in the year 2014-15 are as follows- Braille books provided "“ 19652 Large print books provided "“ 35045 Under the 'Inclusive Education for Disabled' framework, the Government provides a sum of Rs. 3,000/- to every child per annum at the Secondary stage. This is done as a part of the 'Rashtriya Madhyamil Shiksha Abhiyan Programme'. This sum can be used to fulfil diverse needs of the child. The 'Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act of 2009' mandates the states and the Union territories to set up multiple 'decentralised grievance redressal mechanisms' to hear complaints. This should also include the SCPCR (State Commission for Protection of Child Right) or the REPA (Right to Education Protection Authority). This information was shared by the Union HRD Minister, Smriti Irani, in the Lok Sabha.	<urn:uuid:18cbd681-3ead-4279-941d-8c6746af610b>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	https://www.brainbuxa.com/education-news/facilities-to-visually-handicapped-persons-4116	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00567-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.9089	249	2.671875	3
Cortisol and Adrenal Function Cortisol is a very important steroid hormone that we can't live without. It is made in the cortex of the two adrenal glands that sit atop the kidneys. It protects us from all types of stress including infection, overwork, intense exercise, low calorie intake, and emotional stress. It is required for the proper functioning of about all processes of the body. Important Functions of Cortisol - Helps to provide energy and strength in times of emergency. - Helps to protect the body from the effects of all types of stress. - Regulates blood glucose and insulin and helps to prevent hypoglycemia. - Increases cardiac output. - Helps to sustain blood pressure and prevent hypotension. - Stimulates red blood cell production. - Necessary for proper thyroid function. - Is required for the proper conversion of the storage thyroid hormone T4 into active T3. - Is required for the active thyroid hormone T3 to enter the cell receptors. - Acts as a natural anti-inflammatory. - Is required for proper immune function. - Helps to regulate kidney function. - Required for the proper metabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates. Adrenal fatigue, also called adrenal exhaustion is a condition where the adrenal glands are not able to produce enough cortisol, and in some cases aldosterone. The Effects of Low Cortisol - Unable to tolerate any type of stress. - Fatigue, especially in the morning. - Poor sleep. - Low stamina. - Feeling light headed when standing up quickly. - Hypotension (low blood pressure). - Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). - Weakened immune system. - Frequent colds and illnesses. - Slow recovery from illnesses. - Lack of energy. - Decreased sex drive. - Decreased reproductive ability. - Brain fogginess, decreased memory. - Lack of interest in things. - Salt cravings. Some Causes of Low Cortisol All Types of Stress The adrenal glands of some people may fail after an acute infection or illness. For others it may be a major psychological factor or change in life that causes the problem. Working long hours in stressful jobs over many years can be another cause. Underlying Infections and Toxins There can also be lesser known and harder to pinpoint causes. An example would be a mild chronic infection in a tooth that has had a root canal. The tooth may not hurt but the body's immune system knows the infection is there and has to deal with it every day and so that is stress that can eventually tire the adrenal glands. Toxins in the body also stress the immune system and so can have a negative effect on adrenal function. An example is the mercury that is contained in the amalgam that is used for teeth fillings. This mercury can end up in the patient's body tissue and blood. Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies Another common cause of decreased adrenal function and low cortisol levels is vitamin and mineral deficiencies. These vitamins and minerals are required for proper adrenal function. - Vitamin C - Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) - Niacin (Vitamin B3) - Vitamin B Complex - Trace Minerals (Selenium, Zinc, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Manganese, Molybdenum) - Vitamin D3 - Vitamin E (Tocopherols and Tocotreniols) - Vitamin K2 Important: Low cortisol can be a life threatening situation so people with serious adrenal insufficiency may be prescribed a hydrocortisone injection kit that they are to keep with them at all times. The human body is equipped to handle high levels of cortisol only for a short time, such as part of the "fight or flight" reaction to danger. Non-stop or recurring stress can lead to cortisol remaining elevated over an extended period of time. Long term elevated cortisol levels can cause serious health problems. It can lead to adrenal fatigue and in fact in stage 1 adrenal fatigue the cortisol level can be high at times. Chronically elevated cortisol will cause the body to break down. The Effects of High Cortisol - Weight gain. - Increased fat in the mid section and abdominal area but not in the extremities. - Increased appetite. - Increased blood sugar levels. - Decreased libido. - Muscle loss. - Poor muscle tone. - Bone loss. - Immune system suppression. - Moon shaped face in extreme cases. As previously stated, in stage 1 of adrenal fatigue the cortisol level is usually high. If this is not corrected it can lead to stage 2 which is the point where the constant overwork begins to wear the adrenals out so they are less and less able to make enough cortisol. I need to also mention that some people have low cortisol during the day and high cortisol during the night. The natural rhythm of cortisol is for it to be at its highest level in the morning and then slowly decrease throughout the day and be at its lowest at night. How To Check Your Cortisol Levels Those who suspect they may have an issue with their adrenal glands and cortisol levels should ask their doctor to check their levels. If doing a blood test the doctor should order: - Cortisol and DHEA levels at 8 AM. - Repeat Cortisol level at 4 PM on the same day as the 8 AM test. Cortisol should be checked at least twice on the same day and it is important to have the blood drawn at 8 AM and 4 PM on that day. DHEA may or may not be repeated at 4 PM but it should at least be checked once along with the 8 AM blood draw. A better and more accurate test for cortisol and DHEA is the saliva test. The best is the saliva test that checks the cortisol and DHEA level at 8 AM and then cortisol is checked again at 12 PM, 4 PM and 8 PM. That's 4 times on the same day. Cortisol levels should naturally change throughout the day and that is why it should be checked several times during the same day. If the cortisol level is only checked once in the morning the results may be normal. If the doctor stops there he/she may think the patient is fine, but if the level had been rechecked at 4 PM it may have told the story of what is happening, which is that the patient's adrenals are wearing out as the day progresses. The saliva test that checks the cortisol level at 4 different times during one day is also better at diagnosing the patient who has high cortisol levels at night. Since the saliva test is done by the patient at home the last test time can be done at 8 PM or later. For optimum health the adrenal glands need to be strong and rested and cortisol levels need to be balanced. Otherwise the systems of the body cannot function properly. For this reason I recommend those who have been under much stress and have been feeling run down and easily fatigued lately educate themselves and take action. It is unfortunate but MD's are not taught about adrenal fatigue during their medical training. They are only taught about the extreme adrenal diseases called Addison's Disease and Cushing's Syndrome. It is estimated by some alternative doctors that millions of people are living with overworked and tired adrenals, and we know that this can cause all types of health issues. Adrenal dysfunction can be the underlying or contributing cause of serious health conditions so it should not be taken lightly.	<urn:uuid:6a452e70-ee80-42b4-b4ec-d45872679b5a>	CC-MAIN-2017-04	http://www.hgh-pro.com/cortisol-adrenals.html	s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz	en	0.918341	1,600	3.296875	3

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