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Making and breaking encryption is one of the main roles of a signals intelligence agency. That the National Security Agency (NSA) engages in such activities is not surprising. Aspects of this work aren't even secret: NSA involvement in the development of some cryptographic standards was legally mandated and openly acknowledged.
What we don't know, in general, are any specific details. Recent headlines, both here at Ars and elsewhere, paint a grim picture, suggesting that many or all of the cryptographic safeguards that people use to protect their privacy have been undermined. Simultaneous with this, cryptographic experts have said that the mathematics underpinning crypto is still basically sound. These attacks instead depend on implementation flaws, bad passwords, weak algorithms, corporate cooperation, and, perhaps, backdoors.
These mixed messages and ill-defined capabilities sound scary but perhaps scarier than they really are.
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Cancer screening launched
A national campaign to screen Medicare beneficiaries for colorectal cancer was launched last week by the Health Care Financing Administration, the federal Medicare agency, and the centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
People 50 and older are being targeted in the early detection and prevention effort called "Screened for Life."
"We want our people to know that Medicare covers four types of colorectal cancer screening tests," said Tommy G. Thompson, secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. "The good news is that we know we could save thousands of lives a year through screening."
Medicare currently covers:
a yearly take-home fecal-occult blood test with no co-pays or deductible;
a flexible sigmoidoscopy every four years. People with Medicare pay 20 percent of the Medicare approved amount after the annual Part B deductible;
a colonoscopy for high-risk individuals every two years. People with Medicare pay about 20 percent of the Medicare approved amount after the annual Part B deductible;
a barium enema as an alternative to either the sigmoidoscopy or the colonoscopy.
Beginning in July, Medicare will also cover a screening colonoscopy every 10 years for people not at hight risk for colorectal cancer. Risk is greater for those with a history of inflammatory bowel disease or polyps, or a family history of colon or rectal cancer.
To find a health care professional who can give a Medicare-paid screening test, call 1-800-CANCER (TTY 1-800-332-9615) or visit the Screen for Life Web site: www.cdc.gov/cancer/ScreenforLife.
Introduction to the Buddhist Path
"Wisdom of No Escape" will be the first of a series of three classes offered this spring at the Juneau Shambhala Center.
It is based on the book of the same name by Ane Pema Chodrun and is about saying yes to life, about making friends with ourselves and our world, about accepting the delightful and painful situation of "no exit." It urges us to wake up wholeheartedly to everything and to use the abundant richly textured fabric of everyday life as our primary spiritual teacher and guide. Pema Chodrun is an American Buddhist nun and one of the foremost students of the Tibetan Buddhist Chogyam Trungpa, who appointed her in 1986 to be the director of Gampo Abbey, a Buddhist monastery for Western men and women in Nova Scotia.
These classes provide the foundation for classes that will be offered this fall.
There will be five classes starting Monday, March 26, 7- 8:30 pm. The cost is $35. To register or for more information please call the Shambhala Center at 586-6987.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us
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What should I write about for a play?
15 Tips for Writing Your First Play
- Start with a Broad Idea and an Open Mind.
- Orient Yourself in Time and Place.
- Research the Main Character’s World.
- Fill Up Your Subconscious Brain.
- Write With Your Subconscious.
- Identify Your Burning Question.
- Free-Write Your Characters.
- Welcome Surprise Characters.
How do you write a simple play?
How to write a play
- Create an interesting plot. If you don’t have a plot, you don’t have a play.
- Add an appropriate subplot.
- Decide on your structure.
- Decide how you want it to look.
- Know your audience.
- Lay it out correctly.
- Create interesting characters.
- Make your characters’ gestures grand.
What makes a good ten minute play?
Writing a 10-Minute play is easy! All you have to do is come up with an ingenious idea, figure an inventive and enthralling stage mechanism, employ riveting and tender characters, serve boiling hot action, and implant sensational dialog.
What makes a good short play?
You can feel free to make errors, write dumb lines of dialogue, and tell a story that makes no sense all at the cost of 10 pages or so. For those who are new to theater, a 10-minute play is a short story that lasts no more than 10 minutes long.
How do you start a play?
Following are some of the elements of a strong start:
- Start your play as far into the story as possible.
- Upset the status quo.
- Give your protagonist a critical mission.
- Be sure that the antagonist provides strong obstacles.
- Get the backstory in.
How do you write a 3 minute play?
- STEP 1: MONOLOGUE. Write a half-page monologue that starts with one of the following prompts:
- STEP 2: FEEDBACK. Each writer reads his or her monologue aloud.
- STEP 3: CROSS-POLLINATION. Pass your monologue to the colleague on your right.
- STEP 4: READINGS AND MORE FEEDBACK. Cast your three-minute play from your colleagues.
What are the examples of play?
An example of play is to run around and play tag with friends. Play means activity for fun or a dramatic performance. An example of play is building a house with blocks. An example of play is a performance of Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
What is the example of play?
Play means activity for fun or a dramatic performance. An example of play is building a house with blocks. An example of play is a performance of Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
How do you start a 10-minute play?
Requirements of a 10-Minute Play
- Stick to 10-minutes.
- Create a story with an arc.
- Ask a question.
- Develop your character, conflict, and setting.
- Skip exposition.
- Introduce the conflict quickly.
- Use the play to answer the question you asked.
- Get creative and take risks.
How to start the play you’re writing?
Following are some of the elements of a strong start: Start your play as far into the story as possible. Upset the status quo. Give your protagonist a critical mission. Be sure that the antagonist provides strong obstacles. Get the backstory in.
What’s the best part of writing a 10 minute play?
One of the most exciting parts of writing a 10-minute play is the experimentation you can easily incorporate into your story. It can be in a draft, or in the piece itself, but given that you have such a short time, you can really get creative and take risks without wasting tons of time.
When to use the rule of three in playwriting?
Use the “rule of three” for important info. If the audience needs to know and remember some bit of information in order to understand what’s going on, repeat that information three times in different ways to cement it in the minds of audiences. Characters shouldn’t, you know, talk perfectly.
What are the stakes in Playwriting for Dummies?
Stakes: What the characters stand to gain or lose if they succeed or fail Inciting incident: The event that launches the protagonist and gets the plot going Exposition: The motivated revelation of the backstory through dialogue Actions: Things said or done by the characters to achieve their objectives
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This volume completes the reissue of R. A. Burt??s magnificent three-volume history of British battleships, and it covers the pre-dreadnought era which has, in recent years, acquired a new and fervent following. In this new volume, the author presents full details of design and construction, armament, protection, machinery and performance, all backed up with accurate data tables listing design figures, trials results, and full particulars at different stages in the ships?? careers. The history of each battleship is recounted, especially their major contribution in WWI, where they bore the brunt of the action at the Dardenelles, bombarded the Belgium coast, patrolled the North Sea and the Channel, reinforced the Italian Fleet, and served in East Africa, the East Indies and the White Sea. Most were extensively modified during the War and this variety has made them of special interest to the historian, enthusiast and ship modeler. With the addition of many new photographs from the author??s massive collection, this new edition is a great addition to every naval library.
To view this DRM protected ebook on your desktop or laptop you will need to have Adobe Digital Editions installed. It is a free software. We also strongly recommend that you sign up for an AdobeID at the Adobe website. For more details please see FAQ 1&2. To view this ebook on an iPhone, iPad or Android mobile device you will need the Adobe Digital Editions app, or BlueFire Reader or Txtr app. These are free, too. For more details see this article.
|Size: ||233.6 MB|
|Publisher: ||Naval Institute Press|
|Date published: || 2013|
|ISBN: ||9781612519609 (DRM-EPUB)|
|Read Aloud: ||not allowed|
|This ebook will only be sold to customers with a billing address in:|
|American Samoa, Canada, Guam, Marshall Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Philippines, Puerto Rico, United States, United States Minor Outlying Islands, Virgin Islands (U.S.)|
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SLOVENIAN CLUB PERTH
SOCIAL LIFE AT THE SLOVENIAN CLUB PERTH
The Slovenian Club Perth organised monthly dances and have in early years rented the Ukranian Hall at Leederville, sometimes Estonian hall at Bayswater. Apart from the dances, the Club has organised celebrations of typical Slovenian traditions such as St Nicholas – Miklavževanje, Easter egg feast – Pirhovanje; Shrove Tuesday festival – Pustovanje and at least twice a year a picnic in the outdoors . The Federal parliamnet Grant money received was used for the purchase of the TV and DVD player, which enabled the Slovenians to view Slovenian films at the Club premises.
In the first hall many visitors from Slovenia were welcomed: ensemble Otavijo Brajko, Planšarji, ensemble Henček, Ljubljanski oktet as well as the then Archbishop of Ljubljana Dr Alojzij Šuštar.
Two presidents of Slovenska izseljenska matica visited the Club in Perth: Stane Kolman and Matjaž Jančar.
SPORTS – BOWLING
In the courtyard of the new place there were bowling alleys and in Summer every Sunday there were bowlers having friendly competitions. In winter the bowling competitions were held on the carpet in the hall.
CULTURAL LIFE AT SLOVENIAN CLUB PERTH
The Slovenian Club Perth had monthly Newsletter NOVICE.
LOJZETOV KONJIČEK, an Information and literaure newsletter, was first published in 1987. The premises were used for the Slovenian language school as well. A small grant was awarded to the school by the Australian Federal Government.
TEACHERS OF THE SLOVENIAN SCHOOL PERTH
Dr Bogdan Pušenjak 1983–1985
Sonja Davalos 1983
Darinka Primc 1985–1986
Cultural animators and folk dancing teachers:
Zlatka Geson 1983–1986
Danica Plej 1983–1986
Dr Bogdan Pušenjak established Slovenian school in Slovenian Club Perth and taught from 1983-1985. He wrote a text book for learning Slovenian language, aimed at the Slovenian youth, who needed to learn practical words and expressions.
More information about each teacher of the Slovenian Language School, the school’s curriculum, children’s work, and many more photographs can be found in the book by Draga Gelt: Chronicle of Slovenian Schools and Slovenian Language Teachers in Australia pp. 639-648, available as well online from the NUK (National University Library in Ljubljana), Digital Library of Slovenia: http://www.dlib.si/results/?query=%27keywords%3d257912832%27&pageSize=25
A Slovenian choir was active for many years in Perth, performing Slovenian songs since 1982. The Choir was led by Mary Stockbauer. The Choir had up to 14 members.
SLOVENIAN BANDS of the Slovenian Community in Perth:
SLOVENIAN LANGUAGE PROGRAM on RADIO 6EBA Perth
The Slovenian radio programs were every Friday evening at 7.30 in years 1985 until the year 2000. The Slovenian Club Perth has financially assisted the radio programs. The first announcers were Fred Milner and Franc Vrabelj. In later years the following presenters were active on the radio: Franc Vrabelj, Božo Hladin, Ivanka Cirej, Anka Furlan, Vili Fras, Tone Resnik, Sandra Holvet, Frank Zakšek and the last were Ladka Strle and Ana Peklar.
SLOVENIANS IN PERTH FOR THE SLOVENIAN INDEPENDENCE in 1991
Slovenian community in Perth was active during the time of the war in Slovenia. They had staged demonstrations and later celebrations when the war ended, especially when Australia had recognised the new country Slovenia.
Club newsletter KLUBSKE NOVICE
Information and literature newsletter
| Further Reading
What’s On 1987
For enlargement click on the photo
|Social LifeSlovenian Choir Slovenian Language School Sporting Life|
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The world of sales is akin to the Olympic Games. There are elite sales athletes who earn medals, and then there are all the rest.
Similar to high-level sports, to succeed in sales requires a certain kind of psychology. In today's marketplace, mere product knowledge, brand name recognition, and excellent service are simply not enough to create a sustainable business. You must be mentally tough to win and build trust that stands the test of time.
What exactly is mental toughness?
In a word, resilience - a result of readiness and focus. At my company, The Athlete Mindset, we created the following Mental Toughness Formula™:
Mental Preparation + Mental Discipline = Mental Toughness or MP + MD = MT
Top sales performers understand that without resistance, there’s nothing to be tough about. If sales were easy, everybody would be winning trips to Bermuda. Growth requires thinking and behaving better, not just differently.
Here are 5 mental toughness tips that with consistent practice, can increase your sales over time:
1. Be mentally prepared
- What is my product, competitive advantage, etc.?
- Who will buy this?
- How do I want to present myself?
2. Be mentally creative
- What makes my client tick?
- Who do I know that can make an introduction?
- How can I stand out from the crowd?
3. Be mentally disciplined
- What conversation outcome am I after?
- Who will lead with questions? (Hint: You will!)
- How can I avoid distractions?
4. Be mentally knowledgeable
- What are three top product strengths my client should know?
- Who will benefit most from my product/service?
- How can I improve the quality of my answers to client inquiry?
5. Be mentally resilient
- What are the most common objections?
- Who is a master of overcoming objections that I can learn from?
- How will I turn objections into positive ‘Ahas' for the client?
Here are a few parting words on mental toughness from one of our expert podcast interviews with a University of Tennessee top student-athlete, now professional female tennis player:
“Mental toughness is the discipline to do the right things all the time even when no one's watching. It's having the focus to keep your goals always in sight no matter the obstacles in your path. It's managing your emotions throughout difficult times and holding yourself accountable for your actions when you do slip up.
The biggest problem in mental toughness development is people don't realise it has to be worked on everyday. People may think they have mastered it but in reality that's when they need it most. It's like confidence, it's hard to get and easy to lose. You can't be mentally tough overnight, it takes hard work, dedication and discipline. It's a step-by-step process that has to be trained each and everyday in order to be successful.”
What is your level of mental toughness? What are doing today to build a championship mindset? How will you leverage your psychology to create greater value for your clients?
By René Vidal, mental toughness coach and co-author of Play Smart to Win in Business: Leadership Lessons from Center Court to Corner Office. Receive instant access to his weekly Mental Toughness Newsletter, thought leadership tools and more.
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80 million Americans live in shared housing like an apartment or condo building.
About 30-million are exposed to second-hand smoke because of their neighbors. Now, some landlords are looking out for their tenants' health.
"I never smoked in my life. I never even touched a cigarette," says Beatrice.
But Beatrice has COPD and nodules on her lungs from inhaling someone else's cigarette smoke. Like her, if you live in an apartment building and your neighbor smokes, you do too. "You're looking at an estimate of anywhere between 40 and 60,000 deaths per year attributable to second-hand smoke."
That's more than all fatal car crashes each year. "It's not a good thing …(pause)… it's not a good thing."
Twenty-eight states ban smoking in public places, but smoking in apartments is legal. Now property-owners like Pam Berger are adopting smoke-free policies. "Why, just because you have limited choices and limited income, should you be almost forced to live in an unhealthy environment?"
Smoke can easily travel through vents and cracks under doors. "We just wanted to provide everybody with a healthier environment."
Jenna Brinkworth educates landlords on how to make the switch. "This is a growing trend across the country. Many landlords are becoming more aware that it's something they can legally do."
Smoke-free policies have increased 13-hundred percent in the last six years and tenants are thankful.
Madeline has asthma from secondhand smoke. Like Beatrice, she now lives in a smoke-free complex for her health. "I don't want to get any worse. I wanna see my grandkids … I wanna see my grandkids get married."
Smokers are not a protected class and it's perfectly legal for landlords to change to a smoke-free policy at any time. The benefits extend far beyond healthier tenants. Since Pam Berger's buildings have gone smoke-free, vacancy loss has dropped twenty-nine percent.
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The City of Reidsville had a population of 2,587 as of July 1, 2016. Reidsville ranks in the upper quartile for Diversity Index when compared to the other cities, towns and Census Designated Places (CDPs) in Georgia. See peer rankings below.
The primary coordinate point for Reidsville is located at latitude 32.0873 and longitude -82.1248 in Tattnall County. The formal boundaries for the City of Reidsville (see map below) encompass a land area of 7.57 sq. miles and a water area of 0.12 sq. miles. Tattnall County is in the Eastern time zone (GMT -5). The elevation is 203 feet.
The City of Reidsville (GNIS ID: 2404604) has a C1 Census Class Code which indicates an active incorporated place that does not serve as a county subdivision equivalent. It also has a Functional Status Code of "A" which identifies an active government providing primary general-purpose functions.
Georgia is one of 20 states where Census County Divisions (CCDs) are used for statistical tracking of subdivisions within each county. The City of Reidsville is located within Reidsville Division of Tattnall County.
Beneath the boundary map are tables with Reidsville population, income and housing data, five-year growth projections and peer comparisons for key demographic data. The estimates are for July 1, 2016.
|Population in Households||2,479|
|Population in Familes||1,938|
|Population in Group Qrtrs||108|
|Average Household Size||2.32|
|Average Family Size||3|
|Total Housing Units||1,329 (100%)|
|Owner Occupied HU||548 (41.2%)|
|Renter Occupied HU||522 (39.3%)|
|Vacant Housing Units||259 (19.5%)|
|Median Home Value||$81,208|
|Average Home Value||$101,642|
|Median Household Income||$37,216|
|Average Household Income||$48,217|
|Per Capita Income||$20,422|
|(Compound Annual Growth Rates)|
|Median Household Income||1.75%|
|Per Capita Income||1.57%|
The table below compares Reidsville to the other 626 incorporated cities, towns and CDPs in Georgia by rank and percentile using July 1, 2016 data. The location Ranked # 1 has the highest value. A location that ranks higher than 75% of its peers would be in the 75th percentile of the peer group.
|Total Population||# 247||61st|
|Population Density1||# 419||33rd|
|Diversity Index2||# 41||94th|
|Median Household Income||# 324||48th|
|Per Capita Income||# 250||60th|
Additional comparisons and rankings can be made with a VERY EASY TO USE Georgia Census Data Comparison Tool.
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Prevention of vascular ageing and stroke by early health intervention is an important research goal of VASCage. The international meeting „Addressing today’s Global Health Paradox“ in Innsbruck, initiated by Dr. Katharina Wirnitzer, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, and Prof. Madan Thangavelu, Cambridge, UK, was a great opportunity for exchange, especially on the topics of nutrition, physical activity and targeted excercise.
VASCage researcher Dr. Barbara Seebacher presented the centre VASCage, the Stroke Card Follow-Up Project and e-rehabiliation projects, VASCage researcher Dr. Sophia Kiechl presented projects on cardiovacular health in adolescents and on the human microbiome.
It was very interesting to learn more about school projects such as From Science to School (congratulations to Katharina Wirnitzer on recruiting more than 3150 participants!) and plan future cooperations.
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You will see that there are two basic types of die casting machine in China: One is hot-chamber machines along with the other is cold-chamber gadgets.
Hot-chamber machines, which are also called gooseneck machines, are actually rely on the pool related to melted metal to provide the supplies to the die casts to keep it created. In the very beginning from the real cycle the specific piston through the machine is folded aside, which actually allows the system to have specific melted metal in order to fill the specific "gooseneck". The specific pneumatic and even hydraulic operated piston, those actually causes this specific metal flow through the gooseneck in the die casting and to carry the process on. The advantages of this technique largely include the quick cyclic events (that is approximate to a 15 cycles in the actual minute) plus the easy decrement of the metal inside the tossing gadget. The specific drawbacks from this system are that the high-melting phase metals cannot be utilized again and light weight aluminum cannot be used again because it handles some of the metallic whilst within the smelted pool. Due to this, hot-chamber gadgets are mostly coupled with zinc, container, along with business lead dependent alloys.
They are may be used when the tossing alloy cannot be utilized for hot-chamber machines due to their incompatible properties ; for example the light weight aluminum, and zinc alloys are possessing a large composition which is related to a light weight aluminum, magnesium along with the copper. The process of the gadgets may starts with the decrease in the metal contained inside the air conditioning unit. Then the precise amount of melted metals is really moved towards the cold-chamber machines where it is truly being provided right into a large cool image slot (or photo cylinder) supplied by the machine. This specific cylinder can be run in the die cast process on having a hydraulic and even mechanized barrel. This specific downside fall of this technique could be occurred due to the decreased cycle time period for the need to maneuver the actual melted metallic with the air conditioning unit towards cold-chamber machine.
Both the hot chamber and cold chamber die casting machine are typically recognized by the amount of the clamp force they provide which is a wonderful mechanism by China. The necessary clamp force is calculated by the projected surface of the components in the die and the pressure with which the melted metal is pushed. Therefore, a greater part will need a larger clamping force. Also, certain metals that require high injection pressures may need higher amount of powered machines. The size of the components must also comply with other machine specifications, such as larger shot volume, clamp stroke, less mold thickness, and platen size.
This article is written by Sarah Norris about DIE CASTING SOLUTION, which is a leading Die Casting Mould Manufacture Company provides Casting Tools, Die Casting Machining Service, Die Casting Machine, Aluminum Die Casting Mould, Zinc Casting Molds, and Zamak Die Casting Mould with high quality at a best and reasonable price. For more, Visit http://www.diecastingsolution.com/die-casting-machine.html .
The Die Casting Machines
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Return to Native American Index
Return to Milestones Vol. 5, No. 2
KING BEAVER'S TOWN. The name of a former Indian village, at the mouth of the Beaver River, also called Shinga's Town; the name of a village at the junction of the Big Sandy with the Tuscarawas River, in Ohio-this village was also called Tuscarawas. Both of these villages were named in honor of "King Beaver" (Tamaque, or Amochk), the leading chief of the Delawares, who belonged to the Unalachtigo, or Turkey tribe. He was a brother of the no less famous Shingas, whom he succeeded as leading chief. He was himself succeeded by "Captain Johnny," who was succeeded by "White Eyes." Tamaque, or The Beaver, was a relentless foe of the English settlers, as were nearly all of the leading chiefs of his tribe, or, rather, clan. The Turtle tribe, on the contrary, was almost without exception friendly to the English and also to the Americans. This may have been due to the first treaties of the Penns having been made with this tribe, which occupied the Delaware River region, between the Munsee, or Wolf tribe, and the Unalachtigo, or Turkey tribe. According to Delaware traditions, the Turtle tribe held the hereditary chieftainship. The chief place of residence of Tamaque was at Shingas Town, or Beaver Town, as it was later called. He also lived at Kuskuski and Kittanning. Until the time of Braddock's defeat, 1755, he was friendly towards the English. After that time he and his brother Shingas became the leaders of many of the expeditions against the white settlements. He was present at the Council with C. F. Post at Kuskuski in 1758, just previous to the advance of thearmy of General Forbes against Fort Duquesne. He was the chief speaker at all of the conferences which were held. He was present at many of the Councils which were held with the English. After the capture of Fort Duquesne he removed to the village on the Tuscarawas, which then became known as "King Beaver's Town." This town was on the trail which ran directly westward from the Beaver River to the Tuscarawas and Muskingum. During the Indian uprising of "Pontiac's Conspiracy." as it is called-though why "conspiracy" any more than the American Revolution was a "conspiracy," it is difficult to discover-he was a leader of the Indian raids into the frontiers of Penna. After Bouquet's expedition into the Tuscarawas region in 1764, he entered into peace with the English, through necessity. Shortly before his death, in 1770, he became a convert to Christianity at one of the Moravian Missions. He died, urging his people to become Christians.
From Donahoo's Indian Place Names In Pennsylvania
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Walt Disney World Resort Guests now have a fun new way to learn about some of the animals at Disney’s Animal Kingdom and Epcot! The official Walt Disney World website recently introduced a new Disney Animals section that provides a wealth of information about 10 of the conservation species at the parks. The My Disney Experience app also includes pages for these animals that tell Guests where they can find the animals in the parks.
Anyone can now read about African lions, Asian tigers, rhinos, African elephants, Western lowland gorillas, cotton-top tamarins, migratory birds, sharks, sea turtles and coral reef. While it’s not a comprehensive list of all the animals Guests can see at Disney’s Animal Kingdom or at The Seas with Nemo at Epcot, it represents 10 conservation species The Walt Disney Company continues to work to protect.
“We are thrilled to bring this great wildlife information to a larger platform and to reach a wider audience,” said Kathy Lehnhardt, Education manager, Disney’s Animals, Science and Environment (ASE). “Connecting Disney families to nature and inspiring them to action through our Disney’s Animal Kingdom and Epcot websites is a big part of our mission. We hope the animal pages will continue to grow as Guests use them.”
On the My Disney Experience app, Guests can search for the animals or select Attractions at the top of the page, and then scroll down to find coral reef, sea turtles or sharks in the Epcot section or the other seven animal pages under Disney’s Animal Kingdom. ASE chose to debut these 10 species on the website and app first because of their conservation status, we hope to add more soon.
PHOTOS: ©2014 The Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. All Rights Reserved.
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I like using the default terminal application, but as I use both Ubuntu and OS X a lot I want to make them behave and look the same. How can I change the Mac terminal to make as identical as possible to the Ubuntu terminal?
edit: A similar post Can I make my Mac OS X Terminal color items according to syntax, like the Ubuntu terminal? does not answer my question for the following reasons:
- It does not tell me what background color Ubuntu uses or if the colors given are the default colors that Ubuntu uses.
- Gives me a multi line command prompt (I really prefer the single line prompt)
- It talks about syntax highlighting I am interested in other changes as well such as copying and pasting behavior.
- Does not properly explain how
export PS1="\n$C_LIGHTGREEN\u$C_DARKGRAY@$C_BLUE\h $C_DARKGRAY: $C_LIGHTYELLOW\w\n$C_DARKGRAY\$$C_DEFAULTfunctions.
- From what I can tell in changes the prompt so that newline is light green, user appears next in dark gray and blue(?), host name appears in darkgrey, something else is light yellow(?), current working directory is darkgray and a newline is made (?) $(or # for root) is a default color.
- Looking at this website asnwers a bit of my question.
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Businesses need skilled workforces in order to succeed, and some of the most highly prized skills among staff members relate to safety. Personnel who are trained in how to protect their own wellbeing and that of their co-workers make a hugely valuable contribution to the companies they work for. Here are four of the reasons why firms consider these abilities to be so important.
- Protecting personnel
First and foremost, employees who have the necessary health and safety skills can help to prevent injuries and illnesses among workers. From slip and trip hazards to dangerous substances and electrical risks, a whole range of dangers can exist in even seemingly benign working environments. By making sure that their members of staff are trained in health and safety issues, bosses can control these hazards and keep their employees out of harm’s way. There are now a wide range of training courses on offer that can help workers to uphold health and safety best practice. For example, SHEilds IOSH qualifications are aimed at ensuring people employed in positions of responsibility, like line managers, understand the relevant safety requirements.
- Staying on the right side of the law
Staff members with safety skills can also help businesses to remain on the right side of the law. Employers are obliged to take suitable precautions to prevent their employees from being injured or becoming ill as a result of their work, and fulfilling these legal requirements can be difficult if companies lack personnel with the relevant knowledge. By paying careful attention to risk management, safety experts can save their employers from potentially serious legal action.
- Safeguarding reputations
On a related point, these specialists often prove vital in helping to safeguard companies’ reputations. Any slip in safety standards can prove to be a PR disaster for businesses, so by preventing these problems from occurring, the experts can play a crucial role in protecting their employer’s brand image.
- Boosting staff morale
Another major benefit of having safety experts within businesses is the role they play in boosting staff morale. When people are at work, they expect their employers to look after their wellbeing. If they suspect managers are neglecting their duties and putting them at risk, they can feel resentment, anger and anxiety. In contrast, if they know that their health is being protected, they should feel happier and more confident in their roles.
Given the importance of effective safety skills, it’s not hard to understand why managers place such a high value on them.
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|Author||: Rachel Brown-Chidsey|
|Publisher||: Guilford Publications|
|Release Date||: 2015-12-15|
|ISBN 10||: 9781462522484|
|Pages||: 346 pages|
|Rating||: 4.4/5 (625 users)|
Download or read book Practical Handbook of Multi Tiered Systems of Support written by Rachel Brown-Chidsey and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2015-12-15 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible and comprehensive, this book shows how to build a schoolwide multi-tiered system of support (MTSS) from the ground up. The MTSS framework encompasses tiered systems such as response to intervention (RTI) and positive behavioral interventions and supports (PBIS), and is designed to help all K-12 students succeed. Every component of an MTSS is discussed: effective instruction, the role of school teams, implementation in action, assessment, problem solving, and data-based decision making. Practitioner-friendly features include reflections from experienced implementers and an extended case study. Reproducible checklists and forms can be downloaded and printed in a convenient 8 1/2" x 11" size.
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NATURAL MEDICINES USING ADVANCED OLFACTORY DELIVERY TECHNIQUES
Olfactory Biosciences is focused on new Medicines using advanced olfactory receptor science. The company does this by discovering new formulas and ways to eliminate artificial and manufactured medicines containing designed chemicals and replacing them with natural, non-prescription and topically applied ingredients having no side effects and are safe.
We are taking natural phytochemicals and phytonutrients and preparing nanoparticle formulas in order that delivery of the medicine can be by using a cream or gel. The medicine can then be inhaled from the tip of your nostrils.
Using different formulas that we have developed, we are able to prepare ingredients in nanoparticle form, that result in the reduction or elimination of certain anxieties, reduce stress, increase the ability to remember, and even curb the cravings that are temptations while on any weight loss diet…..all this, just with a sniff of the specific medicine cream or gel we develope.
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Not long ago, retail was convinced that online meant the end of regular offline stores, and omni-channel retailing was not yet part of the lexicon. But “click-and-mortar” selling is transforming the retail industry — creating more work for stores even as it creates more opportunity, too.
Business development consultant Eric Prengel says retailers and labels now have the luxury of reaching consumers through multiple touch points.
“The good brands are communicating with customers through their websites, social media and more,” Prengel says. “And it’s all about a conversation and interaction. It’s not simply saying, ‘Hey, we just put our product on sale at 50% off.’ That’s not a conversation. It’s more like, ‘We’re in this neighborhood, and we went to this great local restaurant the other day. Have you tried it? And, by the way, our new collection is in.’ It’s more about engaging them and having a dialogue.”
On average, consumers shop for clothes in-store about twice per month and online about once per month, according to the Cotton Incorporated Lifestyle Monitor™ survey. They spend about 109 minutes shopping online and roughly 96 minutes shopping in-store. But 71% also simply browse for apparel online, spending about 105 minutes doing so each month.
eMarketer says online sales of apparel and accessories are poised to grow faster than any other ecommerce product segment — from $28 billion in 2010 to $73 billion in 2016.
Oliver Walsh is founder of the digital creative agency Wednesday — whose clients include Tory Burch, J. Crew and Balenciaga — and Discoveredd, a social platform for fashion influencers. He spoke at the National Retail Federation’s Big Show 2013 convention in a session titled “The Changing Rules of Fashion in a Digital Age.” Technology, he says, has changed the dynamics of retail — from a transaction that happens at a specific location and time determined by the retailer, to a set of interactions both on- and offline determined by the consumer.
“You see online and offline,” Walsh said. “But your customers only see you. There’s no single customer journey, but an infinite number of possible journeys” customers can take on their way to making a purchase.
More than 6 of 10 consumers (62%) buy apparel at mass merchants, followed by chain (60%), department (43%) and off-price (34%) stores, the Monitor survey shows. And more than seven out of 10 consumers (71%) say they browse the Internet for clothing, up significantly from 66% in 2011.
Walsh says mobile, tablet, and social media changed retail in the digital age. In fact, he states, it has never been easier to build brand trust through technology. He says that online editorial — like that used by NastyGal.com — can help create a strong viewpoint that resonates with the customer. Meanwhile, technology also allows a brand to delve into the world of utilities — such as Louis Vuitton’s Amble app, which offers a travel guide that also allows users to capture and share vacation memories. Additionally, Walsh says, trusted and respected voices can kickstart a conversation, while entertainment can help engage, tell a narrative — and sell.
“You add value to the customer’s life by being more than just the product you sell,” Walsh says.
In Deloitte’s recent survey, “The Dawn of Mobile Influence: Discovering the Value of Mobile in Retail,” the firm found the mobile influence factor is strongest among younger shoppers. It determined that 67% of smartphone owners between 14 and 34 years old have used their devices to shop, and 55% say smartphones have influenced their decision to make a purchase. That is significantly higher than the already strong 48% of overall smartphone users whose phones influence their buying decisions.
Retail consultant Doug Arvanites of Viewpoint Merchant Consulting says young consumers are constantly plugged in and sharing shopping plans, product opinions and more, which makes their devices indispensible to a purchase.
“Young people want to walk into a store and find what they are looking for,” Arvantis says. “But they’re told what to buy by their peers online, before they ever walk in.”
This interaction with peers and the store is all part of the modern retail experience. And while it may seem hard to keep up at times, it’s keeping shopping fresh. More than half of all consumers (51%) say they “love or enjoy” clothes shopping, up from 48% in 2011, according to the Monitor. Women (63%) and consumers under 35 (62%) are significantly more likely than their counterparts to say they “love or enjoy” buying new clothes.
But retail is not just about the high-tech approach. Today’s shoppers are influenced through both traditional and modern means. The Monitor shows 62% get their apparel ideas from what they already own and like, followed by store displays/window shopping (43%), people they see regularly (35%) — and the Internet (30%).
“You have to treat your customer as an individual,” Walsh says. “Invest in the tools and resources that allow you to exploit big data. And you have to create a better product experience online to build on your offline experience.”
This article is one in a series that appears weekly on WWD.com. The data contained are based on findings from the Cotton Incorporated Lifestyle Monitor™ Survey, a consumer attitudinal study, as well as upon other of the company’s industrial indicators, including its Retail Monitor and Supply Chain Insights analyses. Additional relevant information can be found at CottonLifestyleMonitor.com.
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By Robertson L. Whiteside
So often the announcement runs about as follows: “We are anxious to secure a preacher. He must be a good mixer, and ” But no matter about the rest. Anything else is of secondary importance, whether the call comes from Bat Creek or from Progressive Hollow. No others need apply.
What is a good mixer? Can’t define the term? No matter; every one knows a good mixer when he sees him in action. A person may be courteous and in every sense a gentleman without being a “good mixer.”
The Bible gives us an account of one good mixer, only that is not what the historian calls him. This man, the son of the favorite king of Israel, had led a rather wayward life. He was selfish, devoid of sympathy for others, and without interest in their welfare. He killed his brother Amnon, and fled to Geshur, where he remained in exile three years. David finally brought him back. Now this man Absalom was more than a good mixer; for “in all Israel there was none to be so much praised as Absalom for his beauty: from the sole of his foot even to the crown of his head there was no blemish in him” (2 Sam. 14:25).
Absalom had a big selfish purpose to accomplish. He set his heart on dethroning God’s anointed king, his own father, that he might obtain the kingdom for himself, even if he must murder his own father to accomplish his purpose. But he could never do this without first winning the people. He knew the value and utility of being a good mixer. He formulated a plan. “And Absalom rose up early, and stood beside the way of the gate: and it was so, that when any man came nigh to him to do him obeisance, he put forth his hand, and took him, and kissed him. And on this manner did Absalom to all Israel that came to the king for judgment: so Absalom stole the hearts of the men of Israel” (2 Sam. 15:16).
Of course he kept his purposes in the dark, while by the arts of flattery and deceit he was working himself into the good graces of the people. He made them believe he was so kind, so sympathetic, so unselfish – such a good man! When they came to believe him to be the best man in the kingdom, they were then ready to support him in a move to gain the throne, even if God’s king and his own father must be murdered to accomplish the purpose. Thus Absalom, the finest-looking man in the kingdom, was also the best mixer in Israel, and – the basest scoundrel!
But is it not strange that a man could be so selfish and base, and yet be the most idolized man in the kingdom? It is not strange that he practiced the arts of flattery and became a good mixer. That was a part of the game, without which he could have made no headway. But the people love to be flattered, and they love a good mixer; and Absalom knew it. In that line he was an artist. I never read a call for a good mixer without thinking of Absalom; and if he were living, I would recommend him for the place. And would he not make a great showing as a modern pastor, or “located minister”? He was such a fine-looking man, so entertaining, seemingly so unselfishly interested in every one’s welfare, that he would have captured the whole town or city. And had he discovered that the elders were growing suspicious of him, how easily he could have stirred up his enthusiastic supporters, deposed the old elders, and appointed some who would retain him as their preacher and be thoroughly submissive to him.
Be courteous, of course – truly, genuinely, sincerely courteous. If a man loves God and man, neither bigotry, impudence, self-will, nor any of the other unbecoming traits of character will find a place in his heart. He will be considerate and forbearing, gentle and forgiving, kind and sympathetic, toward all, rich and poor. But genuine love will prompt one, when occasion demands, to do a thing that, under ordinary circumstances, would not seem courteous. To rescue a child from immediate danger may require you to snatch him in a way that under ordinary conditions would seem extremely rude. And to rescue a man from sin may require you to rebuke him in such way as to destroy your reputation for being a good mixer; but genuine love, true courtesy, requires it. A physician will not flatter one concerning his prospects for a long life and good health, when he knows that a serious operation is the only means of prolonging his life; only a quack would console him into the idea that he needed only mild treatment.
Some people are naturally more demonstrative than others. Extreme friendliness seems to be a part of their nature. It is not strained and professional. They have the fluidity of spirit that mixes in easily with others; and, for that reason, they cannot be leaders. A good mixer mixes easily and gracefully with his surroundings, and catches the spirit of the crowd. How can one possessing such fluidity of spirit lead others? He is more likely to be affected by them. As Brother D. Lipscomb said: “A good mixer is easily mixed.” You would have to change human nature for it to be otherwise. But it is certainly no sin to be naturally a good mixer, though this trait so highly prized by some may really be a liability instead of an asset. Neither is it wrong to cultivate a friendly, sympathetic disposition. In fact love for man creates sympathy and a desire to be helpful. If genuine love masters a man, he will be kind and courteous to all, neither fawning on the rich nor patronizing toward the poor, recognizing that all are God’s creatures upon whom is engraven or may be engraven the image of the divine nature. This is the true courtesy.
But let us not forget that courtesy may be put on as a cloak. There is such a thing as professional courtesy. What may be genuine fruit in one may be merely artificial trimmings in another. And here is the danger. The preacher who is a good mixer is in demand. Seeing this, a young preacher may cultivate it as an ornament, as a means of making a success in his calling. Hence, he flatters that he may please, and seems interested when he is not, because both contribute to his success. He shakes hands with everybody in his own meetings; but when he attends another’s meeting, he does not. Thus he makes courtesy a professional matter. Such a course is rotting to character and makes one the basest of hypocrites.
Flattery, an essential trait of the professional good mixer, is insincere praise, and is a product of selfishness. No one ever flattered another for the other’s benefit, but for his own. Hence, David classes the flatterer among his enemies (see Psa. 5:8,9). And no wonder for the flatterer seeks to use others for his own selfish ends. I like true courtesy; but when a new acquaintance is too sweet to me, I wonder what he is priming me up for.
Flattery is an evil, a great sin, and is severely condemned in the Bible. And yet a young preacher said: “People like flattery and being bragged on, and I am going to give it to them. ” All such should read and ponder the following: “Help, Jehovah; for the godly man ceaseth; for the faithful fail from among the children of men. They speak falsehood every one with his neighbor: with flattering lip, and with a double heart, do they speak. Jehovah will cut off all flattering lips, the tongue that speaketh great things” (Psa. 12:1-3). “A flattering mouth worketh ruin” (Prov. 26:28). “And in his place shall stand up a contemptible person, to whom they had not given the honor of the kingdom: but he shall come in time of security, and shall obtain the kingdom by flatteries” (Dan. 11:21). “And such as do wickedly against the covenant shall he pervert by flatteries; but the people that do know their God shall be strong, and do exploits” (verse 32). Rather than be a contemptible flatterer, let us follow the example of Paul: “For neither at any time were we found using words of flattery, as ye know nor a cloak of covetousness” (1 Thess. 2:5).
– Reprinted from Doctrinal Discourses, pp. 35-40.
Guardian of Truth XXXII: 14, pp. 418-439
July 21, 1988
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ESE Exams Solution Announced by IES Academy
With its tradition continued, IES Academy has provided the solution to ESE exams. We are…
IES or Indian engineering services is one of the most reputed services in India and not everyone is eligible to enter into such services of India. Only qualified and capable person would be eligible to join such services in India. The selection criteria for IES is depend on two-step procedure that’s involved written test which will be held on 20th June 2014 and other step is the personal interview round. Only candidates that have cleared the written exams will be call for interview round after they have been shortlisted. The written exam for IES held only once a year. IES 2014 selection procedure can shortlist the candidates in the following categories:
Here you will find the complete information about the selection procedure for IES 2014:
A) Written Test or Examination: The written test for IES 2014 exams will be held on 20th June 2014 and the application form will be available from 15th March, 2014 till 14th April 2014. The registration process for the exam is online but the payment can be made both through online and offline modes. The written test consists of two papers. 1st paper is of English and General Awareness and is compulsory in nature. The 2nd paper is optional one and every student has to choose one option from civil, mechanical, electrical and electronics and telecommunication engineering. These papers are known as conventional papers in which the section 1st will have objective type of questions. In IES 2014 exams, there will be negative marking for every incorrect answer.
B) Personal Interview Round: The other method involved in the selection process for IES 2014 would include the personal interview round. The interview will be conducted by the IES officials. The students who cleared the written exams will be called for the personal interview round. All the shortlisted candidates for interview will have to submit the essential documents for verification that they have cleared the exam. The personal interview round would consist of 200 marks and the candidates have to face the team of IES officials who are learned and highly qualified in this field. They would ask the questions that determine the student’s capability on different parameters.
Once the Interview round cleared, the students will be allotted positions in the categories mentioned above. The students are required to submit the following documents for the purpose of verification:
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Are you a health care professional who works well under pressure and has knowledge of federal, provincial, territorial, regional, and Aboriginal organizations?
We are seeking an Aboriginal Patient Navigator (APN) to join our team in Merritt!
About the Role:
In accordance with the established vision and values of the organization, the Aboriginal Patient Navigator (APN) works as part of the Interdisciplinary Care Team and, as required, acts as a resource for both Aboriginal clients and healthcare providers to ensure the provision of care is culturally safe and client-centered. The APN works with Aboriginal peoples located in the assigned Interior Health (IH) service area across varying sectors of health (e.g., acute care, residential services, mental health, public health, and home health services), depending on the local service area.
Some Key Duties may include:
1. Provides consultative and navigational services for health professionals, the community, and clients to understand and identify client needs by supporting cultural interpretation and/or health literacy translation services and by supporting culturally-competent practice (e.g., access, system barriers, and navigation challenges).
2. Provides support and acts as a resource, as required, for healthcare providers, including primary healthcare physicians, regarding the provision of culturally-safe care. Coordinates client/family spiritual care requests and/or access to sacred spaces within the healthcare system to support Aboriginal beliefs and customs. Coordinates and provides community resources and connections to Aboriginal spiritual services as required.
3. Provides client support services within the hospital care system/community by initiating and maintaining working relationships with Aboriginal clients to assess their needs and ability to access and receive culturally-safe care. Supports clients, as requested in the assigned service area, to understand, access, and navigate acute care, home health, community, mental health, addictions, chronic disease, and public health services. Assists clients in addressing their concerns by linking with the IH complaint process.
4. At the client or healthcare provider’s request, the APN provides client support services related to discharge planning by participating in the discharge planning process, including assisting in the early identification and assessment of clients’ needs and liaising with the appropriate community and IH program and services (e.g., mental health, addictions, and/or other APN or community resources).
5. Provides client-specific navigation of services for Aboriginal clients in conjunction with an interdisciplinary team that may include such work as attending bed meetings, supporting staff with client/family culturally-safe needs assessment, checking for referrals and attending health-related service rounds. As required, coordinates client referrals to and from interagency, Aboriginal communities, urban Aboriginal organizations, and other health programs and services.
6. Provides a link between Aboriginal communities and IH healthcare providers and supports Aboriginal peoples’ understanding of the provincial healthcare system, the First Nations Health Authority, and federal healthcare systems where applicable. Provides information regarding the provision of and access to healthcare programs and services to Aboriginal clients, families, and communities.
7. Supports connection to community services such as Aboriginal translators.
8. Coordinates client-specific meetings between the inter-professional team, including Aboriginal healthcare providers, to address concerns or system barriers that arise.
9. Maintains and updates appropriate documentation and records related to the provision of client care. Completes summary and statistical casework information as required.
10. Attends regularly scheduled meetings with Managers and Administrators and monthly APN teleconference calls. Charts client referrals, receives and documents referrals from home health and community service organizations, and travels as required.
The growing city of Merritt is the service centre for the ranch country of the Nicola Valley and provides an excellent base for exploring the many outdoor recreational opportunities in all seasons. It is particularly scenic in the early fall, when rolling fields and forest foliage take on a golden glow. The surrounding Merritt Forest District supports stands of Engelmann spruce, Lodge Pole pine and Sub Alpine fir at higher elevations.
Some of the Benefits of Joining Interior Health:
An attractive remuneration package and excellent career prospects awaits the right candidate. In addition to a competitive wage, we offer Medical, Dental and Extended Health coverage and paid annual vacation starting at 4 weeks (20 days) up to a maximum of 7 weeks (35 days). We also offer an attractive defined employee pension plan, disability and life insurance, and options for maternity &/or paternity leave top-up.
Interior Health offers work-life balance with competitive wages, excellent employee benefits, professional development and educational leave in a larger-than-life landscape and four seasons playground. Make Interior Health your next best career destination!
If this sounds like a perfect opportunity for you, apply today!
Pursuant to section 41 of the British Columbia Human Rights Code, preference will be given to applicants of Aboriginal Ancestry.
Education, Training, and Experience:
• A degree or diploma in social work, healthcare, or a relevant field (e.g., Registered Nurse or Licensed Practical Nurse).
• Two years of related experience working in a healthcare environment.
• Demonstrated knowledge, experience, and understanding of Aboriginal people and their culture.
• Knowledge of federal, provincial, territorial, regional, and Aboriginal organizations mandated to provide health services.
• OR an equivalent combination of education, training, and experience.
• Preference will be given to candidates proficient in one or more Indigenous languages.
• Completion of a medical terminology course is an asset.
• A criminal records check is required.
Skills and Abilities:
• Demonstrated ability:
o to understand the healthcare system and mainstream institutions.
o to communicate effectively, both verbally and in writing.
o to be solution-focused and resolve conflict.
o to work independently, as well as collaboratively, in a team environment.
o to address cultural concerns as they arise with cultural safety and humility.
o knowledge of and experience with marginalized populations.
o to commit to ongoing professional development.
o to work well under pressure, either related to deadlines or unforeseen circumstances.
o to operate related equipment, including computer hardware and software.
• Demonstrated knowledge of social justice issues and the impact of social determinants of health.
• Strong interpersonal skills and the ability to deal with others effectively.
• A valid BC Driver’s License.
• Physical ability to perform the duties of the position.
Starting salary is approximately from $59,300 to $66,700 and will be based on education, training and experience.
This posting is covered by the Provincial Health Officer’s mandatory COVID-19 vaccination orders and selected applicant(s) must comply.
Interior Health now offers assistance from an Aboriginal Employment Advisor. If you self-identify as Aboriginal (First Nations, Métis or Inuit) and if you would like assistance with internal career exploration, send your question via email to firstname.lastname@example.org to be redirected to the Employment Advisor. We invite applicants to self-identify as First nations, Métis, or Inuit within cover letters and/or resumes.
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A bid by the federal government to impose sweeping confidentiality rules on an Arctic science project has run into serious resistance in the United States.
“I’m not signing it,” said Andreas Muenchow of the University of Delaware, who has taken issue with the wording that Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans has proposed for the Canada-U.S. project.
It’s an affront to academic freedom and a “potential muzzle,” said Muenchow, who has been collaborating with DFO scientists on the project in the eastern Arctic since 2003.
DFO’s proposed confidentiality provisions say all technology and “other information” related to the Arctic project “shall be deemed to be confidential and neither party may release any such information to others in any way whatsoever without the prior written authorization of the other party.”
If enforced, Muenchow says the fisheries department could prevent researchers from publishing scientific findings, and sharing information on the project with the media and public, which is encouraged by the U.S. agencies co-funding the project.
Muenchow and DFO scientists involved in the project travel north by icebreaker to deploy and retrieve instruments to assess oceanographic conditions in ice-choked Nares Strait, which runs between Canada’s Ellesmere Island and Greenland and may have a significant effect on ocean circulation.
Muenchow’s problem with the DFO comes amid growing concern and controversy over the Harper government’s micro-management of science.
The procedures say DFO managers will decide when and if studies involving DFO scientists can be published in external scientific journals, which are at the heart of scientific communication.
The Jan. 29 memo to scientists in DFO’s central and Arctic science sector says the rules apply to “all” – the all in bold italics – studies involving DFO scientists, who have a long history of collaborating with researchers at universities in Canada and abroad to assess everything from sea ice to contamination levels in wildlife.
The DFO scientists have been told they must now “wait for approval” before submitting their studies for publication in science journals. “The responsible Division Manager will review for any concerns/impacts to DFO policy,” said the procedures that come with a flow chart.
“It’s absolutely unbelievable,” one federal scientist who received the email told Postmedia News Wednesday. The scientist, who asked to remain anonymous, said the rules appear to be “all about control.”
Kevin Stringer, assistant deputy minister of DFO’s ecosystems and ocean science sector, defended the new procedures in a telephone interview Wednesday. He said the “adjustments” streamline and clarify the department’s publication procedure that has been in place for many years.
He says the changes require – as opposed to “recommend” in the previous publication procedure – that all studies authored and coauthored by DFO scientists be approved by managers before they can be published. But he says they also remove the need for DFO to conduct internal and often time-consuming scientific review of the studies prior to publication, since research journals take care of that.
“We’ve got two small changes. One of them actually streamlines the process, one clarifies, and largely is to support ensuring that we are looking after intellectual property,” Stringer said.
He says “similar arrangements” are being put in place across DFO’s various science sections.
“The idea is to support good science getting out there,” Stringer said. But at the same he said the department wants to ensure patents and copyright flowing from the science are properly managed.
Observers see a much more sinister side to the tightened publication procedures.
Fisheries scientist Jeffrey Hutchings, of Dalhousie University, said having a manager assess studies for policy impacts is sure to have “a chilling effect” and could prevent important scientific findings from being made public.
Hutchings said the new procedures will also likely hamper collaborative research between DFO scientists and academics and deter DFO scientists from pursuing work perceived as politically sensitive.
“This is a greater exertion of control over the communication of science,” Hutchings said. “There is no other way to interpret it.”
Meantime, Muenchow, an oceanographer at the University of Delaware, says the sweeping confidentiality provisions DFO proposed for the Arctic project would be more appropriate for classified military research.
Muenchow, who blogs about his Arctic work, says the research office at the University of Delaware is now negotiating with DFO officials to rework the agreement so it does not “sign away my freedom to speak, publish, educate, learn and share.”
The proposed agreement DFO sent to Muenchow in January is to cover a one-year extension of the long-running Canada-U.S. project. The 19-page agreement includes a two-page appendix spelling out confidentiality and publication rules.
The previous Canada-U.S. agreement for the project, signed in 2003, was 11 pages long and contained two sentences on publication and encouraged the sharing of information.
“Data and any other project-related information shall be freely available to all Parties to this Agreement and may be used, disseminated or published, by any party, at any time,” the 2003 agreement said.
Frank Stanek, DFO’s manager of media relations, said the sweeping confidentiality policy proposed in January is a “legal template” created by the department to “protect the intellectual property rights of all participants in a project.”
“All Fisheries and Oceans Canada projects undertaken collaboratively with other parties would be subject to similar, mutual confidentiality provisions,” Stanek said.
Stringer says he hopes DFO and the University of Delaware will be able to work out their differences.
Hutchings shares Muen-chow’s concern.
He said DFO’s confidentiality provisions will be interpreted “by non-DFO scientists, indeed non-Canadian scientists, as an infringement on their right to publish the results of their research and, thus, to communicate their science.”
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Chenoa Manor is an accredited animal sanctuary located in Chester County, Pennsylvania. We focus exclusively on farm animals and a few exotic animals and do not work with wildlife or dogs and cats. We have limited space, and as a result only take in the neediest of animals, in situations that are either unstable or very grim. We work with other accredited sanctuaries, humane officers, and shelters to place animals, and do not accept owner-surrenders unless there are extenuating circumstances (a person’s terminal illness, for example).
The animals who call Chenoa Manor home have come to us from a variety of circumstances. Many arrive at the sanctuary after suffering the abuses of factory farming, cruelty, or hoarding situations; others were subjected to laboratory experiments, or simply abandoned in the wild and left to fend for themselves.
Our farm is a unique and spiritual space. Long before Chenoa Manor was a non-profit organization, the land itself was held very sacred by the Lenape Indians (the word Chenoa comes from the Native American term meaning white dove). In addition to the Native American ancestors, many of the
Manor’s visitors – from energy workers and healers to astrologers and Bhutanese monks – have all agreed that there is something “otherworldly” about this 25-acre parcel of land. There is an inherent sense of peace and connection, not only among our animal residents but also with the youth who are regularly involved with the sanctuary.
Chenoa Manor is primarily guided by an Inner Circle Council. The Inner Circle is composed of young adults who have been impacted by the Manor and her offerings, either through internships or community service. Together, they lead Chenoa forward with their ideas and decisions, supported by an Elder Circle. The Elder Circle is comprised of visionary professionals who range from doctors to actresses to artists, each offering their wisdom, experience, and expertise as needed.
Our organization is 100% volunteer-run, and we have no paid staff. We rely exclusively on contributions from the public to support the costs of animal care, building and property maintenance, and programming.
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I’ve been doing a little bit of outreach when I have time to start generating some buzz for Making Things Move. First, the SADbot project I did with Ben Leduc-Mills for the book was posted on IEEE Spectrum’s automaton blog, then picked up by the adafruit industries blog and gizmo watch.
Then, I noticed June was physical science and mechanics month at the Make blog, so I commented that I was writing a book with a lot of that kind of stuff in it. Gareth (the Editor-In-Chief) wrote back, and a few weeks later we posted an excerpt from the book! The How-to: Make your own gears post also got picked up by Ponoko, Hackaday, adafruit industries, and How-to blogs.
Then, I got this email from aspiring engineer:
Just found out about your upcoming Making Things Move book that McGraw
Hill is publishing from this fall—that’s how I found out about this
website. I have been trying to find a traditional book that deals with
the fundamentals of both the electrical and mechanical aspects of
mobile robotics. I looked at the Table of Contents for you book–seems
just what I need. I am just getting into robotics—hope to earn at
least a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electro/Mechanical Engineering
with emphasis on mobile robotic programming and design someday. Can’t
wait for your book!
Ken is a production worker currently taking robotics classes at a local college, but hopes to work on mobile robotics in the future – even if just for fun. Best of luck to you Ken, and I hope the book helps you out when it’s published! I’m not sure how he found out about the book, but I’m happy to see the news has escaped my network of friends and colleagues and made it out to Ohio.
So if anyone has any ideas on creating more buzz to make a successful book launch and help more aspiring engineers/hobbyists, let me know in the comments. Thanks!
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The northern end of Olymbos, Karpathos. This picture was taken in 1980, when it was one of the last villages in Greece not to have electicity.
Nikon S3, 25mm, Hell s3900 scanner
Nobody has marked this note useful
Critiques | Translate
bema (26425) 2010-12-14 10:35
this impressive village has truely a very charming and interesting outlook, hanging there up in the hills, being a spectacular motive all around..
thanks for sharing these old memories, see you around, Bernd
PS.: are there any connections to another greek member called "vasilpro" ??
loves_summer (1310) 2010-12-17 14:12
I love the typical white architecture of Greece, and the villages built on rock faces and cliffs with beautiful views of the Aegean all around. Nice perspective and composition.
Thanks for sharing!
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Discussion by: newbirth
I am a student of English Literature and can not disclose my University's name and location because i'll have to face the music then, but i am from Pakistan, and the very name will ring bells, so I think I don't need to explain how we have to endure our society rather than live in it.
In my last semester I was giving a class presentation on Tess of D'Urbervilles and the gist of my presentation was that there is no God and Tess (the main character of the novel) is suffering in a Godless universe, this changed the mood of my class mates and I was quite amazed that the teacher didn;t show any amazement but it was the class that got antagonised. In Islam, according to one hadith Allah loves his creatures 70 times more than their mothers (Bukhari, Vol 8, Book 73. Good Manners And Form (Al-Adab). Hadith 029), and I said in my presnetation, 'Can a woman watch the suffering of her children? No, then how can a God who loves 70 times more than her, watch his creatures suffer like Tess" and from this I Inferred that Thomas Hardy was being sarcastic indirectly on the idea of God. This statement has made my life miserable here now, I am not allowed to speak anything related to religion or even say the name of God in my presentations as my classmates minds it and find my presentations offencive, though they always target me in their turn indirectly by calling me names and my belief in atheism as my mental degradation.
I believe one should never expose his atheism in such society unless he has sufficient means to flee from such country. That may also be an understatement because Salman Taseer, governor of the province Punjab, was killed by his own guard for criticising the apostate's punishment in Islam as 'Black Law', and was killed in the name of blasphemy. I am an atheist, I don't believe in any supernatural being and life after death and 'unfortunately' I am a writer, so you could guess now that I cannot express my mind in any way. Just wish me luck, that I may flee this country of fanatics and extremists so that I may expose their true face to the world. This discussion is just and onset for more events to come. I hope I am not alone.
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Writing a research paper does take a considerable amount of skill. There are many things that must be done. You must start with the topic that you need to research, gather that information, and then begin to outline the report itself. Research papers are notoriously long and arduous, making even the best writers cringe. For those that are on a tight schedule, this is the last paper that you want to be behind on, but sometimes that just occurs. You can find research paper writing services on the web that will help you accomplish this task. You need to be careful, however, when selecting one of these companies so that you get a top quality paperback.
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The amount of time that it will actually take to complete a paper that you request really depends on the subject material, how much there is to gather, and how detailed the paper must be. If you are fortunate enough to find one of these services that actually has a paper that is very similar to the topic that you must write about, then you can be done within minutes after the payment goes through, helping you to get the paper done.
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The main problem with writing one of these papers is the incredible amount of work and focus you must have to get everything just right. They must be written in a very specific format, references must be done properly, and it all must flow together. From the title page, all the way to the bibliography, your content needs to be well written. That’s why you need to be very careful when choosing one of the companies that will write this paper for you to make sure that the end result will be worth your money.
Once you have this paper done, submitted by the person that you have paid, you will likely see that you have made a good choice. It is all of that prior research that you did when choosing one of these companies which will lead you to a great writer that can help you out. Research paper writing services are all over the web, and you simply need to do your own research to find one that will do the best job. It’s a great way to catch up on assignments that you will never be able to complete on your own, allowing you to maintain your GPA and eventually graduate from college.
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By Brad Crofford, Editor-in-chief
In recent weeks, students may have noticed a large ice patch on one of the brick paths near the fountain. SNU Facilities Management has dug a large trench in the area in order to repair the leak that caused it.
James Manners, plumbing supervisor for Facilities Management, said the leaks were possibly the result of the plastic in the pipes responding to temperature changes since they were installed in 1999.
The fountain was emptied as the leak was being fixed. Facilities Management began digging the trench on Friday, Jan. 18. Manners estimated on Wednesday, Jan. 23 that while the leak could be fixed within the next few days, the process of filling the trench, stabilizing the ground, and replacing the bricks could take up to a couple of weeks.
“I would hope that it will not take that long, but as with most things, it depends on what other urgent situations might come up before we get this one completed that could pull us away,” Director of Facilities Management Ron Lester wrote in an email to The Echo.
The pipes provide the fountain with well water, and the repair work on the pipes should not affect other areas of campus, according to Manners.
Another recent change in Centennial Plaza that students may have noticed is the presence of blue beams on the outside of the Beaver Science Building.
“These steel columns are a remediation measure to correct an issue of movement in the brick veneer,” Lester said. “We considered options of full replacement of the veneer with window systems, which would have used these columns as design elements anyway, but we could not afford to do the full replacement at this time. We chose to use the columns that will at least correct the issue for now, and could potentially be left in place and used in the future full renovation of the existing Science building exterior.”
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In the Control Flow you can force the Executionvalue of a Task.
There is the properties ForceExecutionValue, that you must activate, and the property ForcedExecutionValue
for the value which should be the ExecutionValue. In the property ForceExecutionValueType you define the
Datatype of the Execution Value.
So far so good, but in which way can I use this forced Execution Value?
- an Execute SQL Task executes an UPDATE-Statement that updated 3 records
- in the property ExecValueVariable is the variable "varValue"
- after that Execute SQL Task, there is a Scripttask with a messagebox, that shows the value of the variable "varValue"
If I run the package, everything works fine. 3 records were updated and the messagebox shows the value 3.
Now I change the property ForceExecutionValue to True, and the property ForcedExecutionValue to 1.
If I run the package, I expect a messagebox with the value 1. But I shows still the value 3.
What am I doing wrong?
View Complete Post
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Not only it improves the grades, but also helps brain development and confidence level.
Emerging research shows that handwriting increases brain activity, hones fine motor skills, and can predict a child's academic success in ways that keyboarding can't.
Handwriting can change how children learn and their brains develop. Good handwriting can mean better grades. Studies show that the same mediocre paper is graded much higher if the handwriting is neat and much lower if the writing is not.
15th June 2011
Way back in 2001, MAX presented the link between Handwriting and Memory through the concept of Hidden Imprints during MAX Memory Fair held at Chennai, India after doing years of research under the aegis of Dr. J.N. Reddy
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The Pakistan Army conducted an operation along the Pak-Afghan border in Rajgal valley on Tuesday, the military’s media wing said.
An Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) statement said the operation was launched “to reinforce troop deployment in Rajgal valley to effectively check and guard against” movement across the porous border in Khyber Agency.
The operation targeted “movement on high mountains and all-weather passes in Khyber Agency,” the statement said.
ISPR chief Lt Gen Asim Bajwa claimed “nine terrorist hideouts were destroyed through aerial strikes”.
This claim, however, could not be independently verified as journalists do not have access to most parts of the restive agency.
Rajgal valley is located in northern Tirah in Khyber Agency.
Despite heavy military presence on both sides of the border, cross-border movements of militants (in both ways) have been a major area of concern. Investigation into the Bacha Khan University Attack in January established that the mastermind, planners and handlers had used Afghan soil and telecommunication network for executing the deadly strike.
The government has been under persistent pressure from the military to accelerate the steps that were required for an effective execution of its counterterrorism strategy ─ known as the National Action Plan (NAP), a policy agreed by consensus by all political parties after the December 2014 Army Public School tragedy.
Army Chief Gen Raheel Sharif in a statement released by the ISPR on Friday warned that lack of progress on NAP was affecting the consolidation phase of Operation Zarb-i-Azb.
Earlier this month, Pakistan opened a gate at Torkham, one of the busiest crossing points between the two countries and used by 15,000-20,000 people and hundreds of vehicles daily.
Clashes between Pakistani and Afghan security forces over the construction of the border gate left four soldiers dead on both sides, including Frontier Corp’s Major Ali Jawad Changezi.
Work on the construction of the gate and allied facilities began in 2014, but Afghan reservations over border regulation kept causing delays.
Further south in Balochistan, Pakistan also completed a 500-kilometre long trench along the porous border to stop the movement of smugglers, militants and other anti-social elements.
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Grand rounds: Nature Nurtures: Exploring the Health Benefits of Being Connected with Mother Earth
David Victorson from Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine will present at the Osher Integrative Medicine Grand Rounds on July 12 at 8:00-9:00am ET (virtual event).
This presentation will provide an overview of some of the known health benefits of spending time in green and blue spaces, including a review of research best practices and recommendations for future inquiry. Links will be made between individual health outcomes and the health of our planet. Finally, data will be presented on psychosocial and biological outcomes from a nature-based program with young adults affected by cancer and their caregivers.
Cost: Free. CME credit available
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Sports-related Concussions: What Parents Need to Know
Whether it’s speed skating or hockey, football or soccer, there’s a risk that comes with almost any sport. Despite great advancements in concussion awareness, legislation, and protocols, you might not know what to do if your child suffers an impact that could cause a concussion. In this story, we go to the experts to find out what kind of tests will help determine the extent of the damage. Also, find out what you need to do to make sure your child doesn’t suffer a second and potentially more dangerous blow.
If your child plays football, click here to see what tests might be needed after a hard impact on the field.
Find out more about spotting concussion symptoms by clicking here.
To hear more of Hannah Sipe’s story and learn about when it is safe to let your child get back in the game, click here.
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Energy Absorption, Secant Modulus and Compressive Strength of Fiber Reinforced High Fly Ash Content Cement Treated Soil
Yachang Omo1, Ajanta Kalita2
1Yachang Omo, Department of Civil Engineering, Central Institute of Technology, Kokrajhar, India.
2Ajanta Kalita, Department of Civil Engineering, North Eastern Regional
Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, India.
Manuscript received on 29 August 2019. | Revised Manuscript received on 04 September 2019. | Manuscript published on 30 September 2019. | PP: 1902-1909 | Volume-8 Issue-11, September 2019. | Retrieval Number: K21140981119/2019©BEIESP | DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.K2114.0981119
Open Access | Ethics and Policies | Cite | Mendeley | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering and Sciences Publication (BEIESP). This is an open access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)
Abstract: This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation that was conducted to study the behavior of fiber-reinforced, high fly ash content and cement treated soil specimens under unconfined compression tests. The effect of fiber inclusions, curing time and fly ash-cement (FA/C) ratio on unconfined compressive strength (UCS), energy absorption (EA), secant modulus of elasticity (ES) and brittleness index (IB) have been studied. Fly ash of 50% and 70%, and cement content of 1.5% and 2% by weight of soil were used in this study. The fly ash and cement as a cementing agent played a significant role in increasing the compressive strength. The unreinforced mix specimens showed a significant improvement in UCS. The fiber inclusions further increased the compressive strength and improved the ductility of the mix specimens. The increase in fiber inclusion was observed to have an increasing effect on UCS, energy absorption, and secant modulus. The increase in curing period (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) also had similar effect on UCS, EA, and ES. However, the increase in fiber content decreased the brittleness index whereas the increase in FA/C ratio increased the brittleness index of the mix specimens. The study suggests a viable method for improving UCS and reduce brittleness of the soil media which may be beneficial for subgrade stabilization.
Keywords: Brittleness index, Energy absorption, Fiber, Secant modulus, Stabilized soil.
Scope of the Article:
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**Amorphophallus paeoniifolius close up.
Nature's Art Photo by Manish Mamtani -- National Geographic Your Shot
the cosmic ice sculptures of the Carina Nebula via Hubblesite. The visible space is big, complex and can be incredibly beautiful. from 9 Incredible Photos of our Universe Nebula
3 Theories of Time Travel | Awesome infographic for any writers writing about time travel
Pin To Save, Tap To Shop The Gem. What is the meaning and crystal and chakra healing properties of apatite? A stone for motivation and service. Mala Kamala Mala Beads - Malas, Mala Beads, Mala Bracelets, Tiny Intentions, Baby Necklaces, Yoga Jewelry, Meditation Jewelry, Baltic Amber Necklaces, Gemstone Jewelry, Chakra Healing and Crystal Healing Jewelry, Mala Necklaces, Prayer Beads, Sacred Jewelry, Bohemian Boho Jewelry, Childrens and Babies Jewelry.
Dumortierite is known as the Stone of Patience. It is a very beneficial crystal for students because it is believed to increase your willpower and motivation to learn. #dumortierite #crystals #healing
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The National Trust of the UK is trying to raise 1.2 million pounds (almost $2 million) to preserve an almost mile-long stretch of the White Cliffs of Dover, reports the BBC.
The White Cliffs of Dover are so called because of the chalk that gives them their characteristic color. They're considered one of the UK's most iconic landmarks -- having been the site of the first arrival of the Romans and the return of rescued British soldiers during WWII -- and are also an important natural habitat. They face the Strait of Dover and France in the southeastern part of England.
'"If we don't raise the money then the future of the White Cliffs is uncertain and this stretch of coastline might one day be disrupted by inappropriate management or development," Fiona Reynolds, director general of the National Trust, told the paper.
Visitors are already able to walk the stretch of the cliffs in question, reports the Daily Mail. But, because part of the stretch is privately owned and arable land comes close to the edge, there's little room for a path.
"We own pockets of land either side; but it's a gap in the middle, and from a wildlife point of view you have a gap where you go into farmland and there's not much we can do for wildlife or for people," Brian Whittaker, acting property manager for the cliffs, told the BBC.
If the trust is able to purchase the section, it will be able to restore the natural habitat, giving animals more space to retreat as the cliffs erode.
The White Cliffs aren't the only world monument that need some help. In October of last year, we learned that the Great Wall of China, was in danger of collapse due to mining activity. And, India's iconic Taj Mahal is also in danger of collapse if its rotting wooden foundation isn't fixed.
For more endangered sites around the world, check out some of the World Monuments Funds' 2012 endangered list in the slideshow below.
More:Green Travel UK Travel International Destinations White Cliffs Of Dover Preserve The White Cliffs Of Dover
HuffPost Lifestyle is a daily newsletter that will make you happier and healthier — one email at a time. Learn more
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Virtualization of data center has though brought agility and efficiency to the organizational tasks and ease of cloud implementations, but it has also created tremendous pressure on the networks. Data Center Fabrics form a system of interconnection between network elements such as switches and routers with servers.
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Some of the leading players in data center fabric market are Arista Networks, Avaya Inc., Brocade Communication Systems, Cisco Systems, Dell Inc., Extreme Networks, HPE, IBM Corporation, Juniper Networks and Huawei Technologies Ltd.
About The Insight Partners:
The Insight Partners is a one stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. We help our clients in getting solutions to their research requirements through our syndicated and consulting research services. We are a specialist in Technology, Media, and Telecommunication industries.
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People looking for new homes are told to look and measure the room size, the view, and the dampness but they are never told to check the drains. While you might think a CCTV drain survey is not important for the new property that you are buying, they are highly recommended.
CCTV Drain Survey And Why You Might Be Needing One?
The drains of a property are present underground and aren’t visible, and this is what makes it a necessity for you to check them out. Some of the problems detected by the London drain survey regularly in the drain systems are
- Collapsed Pipes
- Root Ingress
- Rat Infestation
All of these problems are common and can be managed easily and efficiently if you can address them from the moment of noticing them instead of leaving them to get worsened over time which can also become dangerous.
CCTV Drain Surveys Wonders And How?
A CCTV drain survey offers a comprehensive inspection record of a house’s underground sewer system. The entire objective of a drain survey is to diagnose the issue and give the ideal solution. CCTV drain surveys don’t need any excavation and can be done using the insertion of a CCTV camera mounted on wheels and controlled using a remote inside the drain. The camera provides a 360-degree view of the interior portion of the drain through a live feed.
Why CCTV Drain Survey Is Recommended For House Buyers?
If you are having double thoughts on whether or not to book the London CCTV drain survey, then here are some of the best reasons that might help you to decide:
They Identify Blocked/Damaged Drains
A CCTV drain survey will provide the best evidence of whether the drain is damaged or is blocked. The professionals will also give you an idea of how much it will cost to fix the problem. Once you are informed about this, you can either choose to put your resources to repair the drain or you might even ask the owner to reduce the overall cost to compensate.
They Will Prevent You From Future Repairs
The longer your blocked drain or even damaged drain is left without treatment and repair, the more expensive your repair will get in future. Instead of waiting to get the drain repaired, choose the services of a CCTV drain survey provider immediately to prevent costly repairs.
It Will Identify The Location Of The Problem
A London drain survey wouldn’t only figure out a problem but would also help you locate its origin. The problem might be present beyond your house boundary which means you don’t have to put in any money for the repair as it is the job of the council.
The London drain survey experts have been keeping drains healthy and clean for ages. They perform CCTV drain surveys on underground sewer systems, toilets, and sinks and can also excel in domestic drain cleaning. For all types of drainage issues, you can always seek help from professionals.
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A speedy star
A super-fast star is possible evidence of a black hole at the Large Magellanic Cloud's center.
November 30, 2005
A massive young star is speeding through the Milky Way's halo. Its age and extreme speed hints a black hole in the center of our neighboring Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) may have sent it on its way.
The Milky Way's halo contains the galaxy's oldest stars, roughly 10 billion years old. The recently discovered star, known as HE0457-5439, is a B-type main sequence star roughly 30 million years old. Therefore, it must be passing through from elsewhere.
Given the star's high velocity of 450 miles per second (723 kilometers per second), astronomers suspect something must have accelerated the star. Calculations done in the late 1980s showed a supermassive black hole can provide an extreme acceleration kick.
Researchers at the Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte, (the astronomical institute of the University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany) and the Centre for Astrophysics Research (University of Hertfordshire, United Kingdom) discovered HE0457-5439. The scientists were using one of the 8.2-meter telescopes composing the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope to detect quasars.
The team calculated it would take the star more than 3 times its age to travel from the Milky Way's center to its present location in the halo. This means "either the star is older than it appears or it was born and accelerated elsewhere," says Uli Heber of Dr. Remeis-Sternwarte. Given the star's proximity to the LMC, the astronomers believe the star may have been accelerated by a supermassive black hole and ejected from the LMC's center.
Additional observations are required to determine if HE0457-5439 did, in fact, originate from near LMC's center, or if there's another reason for the star's high velocity.
The team's research can be found in the December 1, 2005, issue of The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
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What is EMDR?
EMDR Therapist Austin: Before consulting with a trained EMDR therapist in Austin, Texas, you may want to know more about EMDR. In short, EMDR is an acronym for “Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing.”
This process is an intervention to help individuals (usually adults) who are survivors of any kind of traumatic event/memories, including – but not limited to – abuse (physical, sexual, verbal, emotional), natural disasters, accidents, personal crisis, or tragedy, or war).
While primarily for adults, EMDR can be used with adolescents, if done by a highly skilled/trained therapist/counselor.
What Does a Therapist/Counselor do During EMDR?
The EMDR procedure includes the facilitation of eye movement (or other bilateral stimulation) while the person is guided by the counselor through the reprocessing of the traumatic memories. It is not necessary for the client to detail the negative experiences out loud during an EMDR session.
Depending on the severity of the trauma, your Austin, TX EMDR therapist/counselor may have as few as 6 sessions, or up to 20+ sessions, to help you re-process your traumatic memories.
The procedure can help individuals resolve these negative experiences and to maintain a more positive self-concept, both in relation to the trauma and overall.
How Can EMDR Therapy Help Me?
An EMDR Therapist in Austin, TX can help you by allowing you to live more fully in the present. It also allows you to reprocess the disturbing memories or thoughts through bilateral stimulation. The process is rapid, and any disturbing experiences, if they occur at all, last for a comparatively short period of time.
Nevertheless, you need to be aware of, and willing to experience, the strong feelings and disturbing thoughts, which sometimes occur during sessions. It is not appropriate for everyone.
EMDR is evidence-based and research has shown to reduce the number of therapy/counseling sessions with the use of EMDR. Read more about what to expect with EMDR Therapy.
Help With Anxiety, PTSD
EMDR counseling can help with anxiety and PTSD. During a counseling/therapy session, clients will incorporate directing eye movements while imagining distressing scenarios.
The counselor will help you shift your attention towards more positive thoughts, which can cause anxiety to dissipate.
Can You do EMDR Via Telehealth?
Yes, virtual EMDR therapy/counseling can be done via telehealth. Our skilled trauma-informed therapists/counselors can help you through the healing process from the comfort of your own home. Our EMDR counselors use a virtual online platform to create the bi-lateral stimulation (part of EMDR).
Can You do EMDR Therapy on Yourself?
This is a very frequently asked question! While ATTC has some of the most highly skilled and trained EMDR therapists/counselors in the Austin therapy field, doing EMDR therapy on yourself is simply not possible. You must be highly trained to do EMDR, as it is a complex process.
Sliding Scale EMDR Therapist Austin
At Austin Trauma Therapy Center, we recognize that not everyone has the financial means to access Austin TX therapy/counseling, or EMDR therapists/counselors.
We feel that therapy/counseling should be accessible to everyone. We can work with you by providing an EMDR Therapy Sliding Scale rate for those who qualify.
Speak with a Therapist/Counselor in Austin
Ready for a change? Great, our counselors are ready to help you every step of the way. Call us, today, at 512-270-8215, to speak with a professionally trained EMDR therapist in Austin, Texas.
You can also send us an email by using our contact form, here, to discuss the available appointment times. Help is just a phone call or an email away. Our counselors look forward to hearing from you, soon!
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What is Chan?
Chan is freedom, expressed through wisdom and compassion. Awakening in Chan means the direct experience of being freed from self-referentiality and vexations. Buddhism articulates this freedom as the wisdom of emptiness (śūnyatā), which is not nothingness but that everything is interdependent, connected. Selflessness or wisdom of emptiness simply means relationships. Compassion is the activity of selfless wisdom. This means wisdom and compassion is selfless activity, the ability to connect with everyone and everything, beyond the duality of self and others, grasping and rejecting.
Chan as practice means grounding and engaging. Grounding means facing, embracing, working through, and letting go of the self. Engaging means offering oneself to the benefit of others. In this practice, all the ups and downs of life become part of the path.
Chan is also a school within East Asian Buddhism, with a history dating back to 7th century CE in China. Later this form of Buddhism was transmitted to Japan as “Zen” in the 13th century.
"One Minute Chan"
During your busy day, try to find a few moments to stop, sit, relax, and clear your mind. You need not always sit on a cushion to practice for thirty minutes. You can do your practice anywhere, at anytime, at your desk, in a car, an elevator, or train, right now. Pick five times or situations to practice the “one-minute Chan” method, which is for one minute relax your body and mind and be completely with the task at hand. If you pick 10am as one of your five “one-minute Chan” practices, then when 10am comes just relax and be with whatever you happen to be doing. If you pick going up the elevator as one of the situations for daily practice, then in the elevator ride just stand there and scan your body to make sure your body is fully relaxed. Let clarity and a gentle smile arise from within; allow your body and mind to refresh itself. if you do this everyday, the power of your mindfulness and focus will increase and these five moments will start to have a positive impact on the rest of your day.
Your Life as Practice
Practice should not be separated from daily living. Proper practice includes cultivating mindfulness, compassion, and wisdom. Be aware of your changing mental and physical conditions. See how they affect your thoughts, words, and actions. In all our actions of body, speech, and mind, we should consider whether our intentions are beneficial to others. In this way, we can check ourselves before acting. If we put other people before ourselves, self-referential feelings will not arise as frequently.
Considering others is as much a form of practice as formal seated meditation. Sentient beings have their own karmic causes and conditions, their own merits and virtues, their own karma. You cannot change them, nor can you take on others’ karma. Of key importance is your intention. You should sincerely try to help others, whether or not you succeed. Do not do anything that will make you feel tense, tired, or miserable. If you whip yourself all the time, you will be no use to others or yourself. Use meditation as a supporting discipline and Buddhadharma as your guide. Do the best you can, but don’t push too hard.
Upcoming Dharma Talks
Saturday London Affiliate Q&A (Online)
Mindful Yoga + Guided Meditation + Guo Gu Q&A
Sunday, August 21, 9:00am – 11:00am ET
Upcoming Retreats / Workshops
7-Day Intensive Chan Retreat
The retreat application is now full, but you can still submit your application to be on the waiting list.
August 6 – August 13, 2022
London Chan Meditation Group
3-Day Retreat at the Zen Mountain Monastery
Over the centuries, Chan Buddhism has developed a distinct approach and language of awakening that is free from the shackles of gradual stages of practice, proliferations of theories, and the very limits of words and language, demonstrating the autonomy of Chan from the rest of the Buddhist tradition. Chan abandoned the complex descriptive terminology of Indian Buddhism in favor of embodied approaches to practice that was at once transformative and sudden.
One such approach is silent illumination, a body and experience-centered approach to awakening. In this retreat, students will explore in depth the writings of Chan master Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091-1157), and deepen their appreciation of the workings of mind, its subtle undercurrent feeling tones, the direct perceptions of sight and sound, and the nature of “experiencing.”
October 13 – October 16, 2022
Mt Tremper, NY
3-Day Silent Illumination Retreat at the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies
In the Chinese Chan (Zen) tradition, silent illumination refers to the natural awakened mind. It is also a method of cultivation, the simultaneous practice of stillness and clear-seeing, quiescence and luminosity, or samādhi and prajñā. It is similar to the practices of śamatha and vipaśyanā (Pāli: vipassanā) in the Theravada tradition and the shikantaza (“just sitting”) practice of Japanese Soto Zen. Silent illumination, however, is also unique. As a practice it cannot be pigeonholed into distinct sectarian methods, intellectual knowledge, or some kind of reified experience that can be possessed. This study retreat will be based on the writings of Chan master Hongzhi Zhengjue (1091–1157). We will explore several expedient means to cultivate silent illumination on and off the cushion, learning formal seated meditation practice as well as how to cultivate silent illumination in daily life.
October 28 – October 30, 2022
7-Day Intensive Chan Retreat
In the Chan tradition, there are two main approaches to awakening: the method of silent illumination (mòzhào) and investigating a critical phrase (huàtóu). The former is a settling method of serene reflection on the nature of awareness; the latter is an explosive approach that aims to concentrate and shatter all mental states so awakening manifests. This 7-day retreat will deepen your practice, regardless of method, with 30 minute sitting meditation periods punctuated by mindful yoga and walking meditation. There will be daily Dharma talks by Guo Gu, and opportunities for personal consultations to practice. Vegetarian meals will be provided.
December 26 – January 02, 2023
Tallahassee Chan Center
Connect with the Chan Community
World of Chan: a WhatsApp Group
This is a group of invite only, limited to people who are greatly interested in Chan practice and are Chan practitioners. Send us an email with the title “World of Chan Access” and more information about your practice for potential access to the group.
Chan Zoom Call
To support Chan practitioners, Guo Gu hosts a platform for anyone interested in the various aspects of Chan practice. Register for the Zoom link.
Please register one day before the call.
11:00am – 12:30pm ET
2022: Aug 27 • Oct 22 • Dec 10
Follow Guo Gu Laoshi on Facebook to keep in touch with his writings and events.
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Authors: Adam G. Freeman
If matter has a spherical or elliptical time-like spacetime, through geometrical symmetry it makes sense that anti-matter, the converse of matter, has a hyberbolic space-like spacetime. The author theorizes that such a space-like spacetime is the spacetime for anti-matter and for the natural phenomena referred to as black holes. Also such a spacetime shortens spacetime distances and could eventually lead to feasible space travel. To support the theory here is presented an extension to the Schwarzschild derivation for the Einstein vacuum field equations corresponding to the gravitational field surrounding a pseudo-spherical point mass. The same restrictions employed by Schwarzschild are used here but an interesting property of the space-time is elicited in that it is revealed to be gravitationally repulsive to matter as opposed to gravitationally attractive. The pseudo-sphere point mass solution complements the spherical Schwarzschild solution and provides an elegant symmetry to the original Schwarzschild solution. Also via Occam’s razor, this theory could potentially reduce the notion of dark or exotic matter to familiar anti-matter.
Comments: 6 Pages.
Unique-IP document downloads: 460 times
Add your own feedback and questions here:
You are equally welcome to be positive or negative about any paper but please be polite. If you are being critical you must mention at least one specific error, otherwise your comment will be deleted as unhelpful.
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VALOIS, MICHEL-FRANÇOIS, physician, Patriote, and politician; b. 20 Aug. 1801 at Pointe-Claire, near Montreal, son of Pierre Valois, farmer, and Marie-Catherine Lefebvre; m. 28 July 1835 Marie-Louise-Florence-Eudoxie Godin, and they had 17 children; d. 24 May 1869 at Pointe-Claire, Que.
Michel-François Valois studied at the Collège de Montréal from 1816 to 1821, and like the young men of the period who attended classical colleges he faced a relatively limited choice of careers: the priesthood and the liberal professions. He decided upon medicine, and on 10 May 1826 was licensed to practise his profession.
At that time a tense atmosphere prevailed in Montreal. Turbulent meetings and fiery speeches were becoming more frequent on the Champ de Mars. Those chiefly singled out for attack were the high officials and the English merchants, who were using their influence in various councils of Lower Canada to exercise more control over the management of public funds and to organize political patronage on a large scale. The 1822 plan of union added still further to the disquiet [see Louis-Joseph Papineau*]. Within this social context Valois awakened to nationalism, and, developing an interest in the European thinkers of the 18th century, began to be attracted to the ideas of liberty, individualism, democracy, and popular sovereignty.
Dr Valois rapidly became identified with the liberal cause in the parish in which he was born and now chose to live, and he soon came into conflict with the parish priest. In 1830 he was elected a trustee, by virtue of the assembly’s schools act which placed the building and administration of schools directly in the hands of trustees in each parish; he then tried by every conceivable means to get a school built without the collaboration of his parish priest. By this move, he assumed a role of prime importance in education at the local level. But his struggle against the parish priest did not stop there: he also wanted to assert himself in the administration of the parish council. No doubt influenced by the proposed “notables bill,” which directly threatened the status of the parish priest and his control over the management of the property and revenues of the church, the Pointe-Claire doctor openly stated that the parish council’s money belonged to the parishioners. Hence his parish priest dreaded his being elected a churchwarden.
Valois attacked even more violently the English merchants who were the most powerful element in the government councils and who controlled a large proportion of the land in his area. Following the example of the French Canadian members of the assembly, he tried to conduct a struggle on a provincial scale. He was not content with verbally attacking the power of the English. From 1836 on, he took an active part in setting up local organizations in his region. It was not unusual to see him haranguing his fellow citizens from the church steps after Sunday mass. His house became a meeting ground which enabled him to maintain direct and continuous contact with his own kind. It is not suprising therefore that Valois played a major role in the historic rally at Saint-Laurent on 15 May 1837. Although he exerted a major influence in his region, he does not seem to have entered into direct relationship with the Patriote leaders. The English government none the less placed him at the head of its list of most wanted men. Valois was pursued by a squad of soldiers detailed to round him up at Pointe-Claire but he managed to flee. However, he was captured after covering a few miles, and was taken to prison in Montreal in December 1837. He was later released, and is thought to have stayed for a while in the United States before going back to his native parish.
After the rebellion Dr Valois returned to private life. He still continued to take an interest in politics, but this time he seems to have been much more disposed to collaborate with the government. Valois was elected to the assembly in 1851 in the county of Montreal on the Rouge ticket, and in 1854 he was successful in Montreal in Jacques-Cartier, which he represented until 28 Nov. 1857. On 24 May 1869 he died at Pointe-Claire.
ACAM, 355.110, 834–1. ANQ-M, Greffe de P.-C. Valois, 3 août 1840, 28 avril 1843, 18 janv. 1845, 25 mai 1848. ANQ-Q, QBC 25, Événements de 1837–38, nos.166–69. F.-J. Audet, Les députés de Montréal, 424–26. R.-L. Séguin, “Le docteur Valois, un patriote ignoré,” BRH, LX (1954), 85–91.
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2 December 2016: A new CAZyme-specific journal:
The journal Amylase
has been recently launched under the editorial leadership of Stefan Janecek
and a number of other CAZypedians, including Bernard Henrissat
, Magali Remaud-Simeon
, Birte Svensson
, Pedro Coutinho
, and Leila LoLeggio
is an open access journal that will focus on the biochemistry and biotechnology of starch hydrolases and related alpha-glucan-active enzymes, such as those from GH13
, and GH77
GH-H), as well as GH57
, and GH31
. Visit the Amylase
homepage for more information on the scope of the journal and details on how to submit manuscripts for publication
29 November 2016: A small family of beta-xylosidases: The Glycoside Hydrolase Family 120 page was completed and given Curator Approved status today by Spencer Williams. GH120 is currently a very small family, comprised of ca. 100 members originating exclusively from bacteria. Following the initial identification of this family in 2011, enzymological and structural studies of two beta-xylosidases have revealed specifics of the catalytic mechanism (retaining) and an unusual beta-helix/beta-sandwich two-domain, tetrameric protein architecture. Notably, the beta-helix domain resembles that of Polysaccharide Lyase Family 1 and Glycoside Hydrolase Family 28 members, and a complex structure with xylose revealed a large number of potential Surface Binding Sites.
16 November 2016: A new plant glycanase with a lysozyme fold: Spencer Williams does it again, with the completion of the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 134 page on a new family of inverting beta-(gluco)mannanases. This small family emerged in 2015 with the biochemical characterization of an Aspergillus nidulans (fungal) member. Recently the tertiary structure and detailed catalytic mechanism - including the reaction conformational itinerary - of a Streptomyces sp. (bacterial) GH134 member has been resolved by Gideon Davies, Spencer Williams, and their collaborators and co-workers. This is only the second example of a glycoside hydrolase family that utilizes a lysozyme-like fold as a scaffold for the cleavge of a plant polysaccharide, as opposed to bacterial peptidoglycan; the first, a Glycoside Hydrolase Family 124 cellulase characterized by Harry Gilbert et al., also uses an inverting mechanism.
3 November 2016: New PDB links-out: For 3-D visualization of exemplar CAZymes and CBMs, we're trying a switch from Proteopedia to the NGL viewer implementation at the RCSB Protein Data Bank. We've made this switch site-wide across CAZypedia, and would like to hear any feedback you might have. Here's an example for direct comparison: The seminal bacterial cellulose synthase complex in the JSMol viewer at Proteopedia (including wiki page) and in the NGL viewer at the PDB (other info available via the page tabs).
30 October 2016: Another X-module comes to light: Today Spencer Williams completed the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 135 page, which describes the genesis of a new CAZy family from a small group of modules formerly known as "X307" in the CAZyModO classification. The single biochemically and structurally characterized GH135 member hydrolyzes the unique fungal exo-polysaccharide galactosaminogalactan, with crystallographic evidence suggesting that the enzyme acts as a alpha-galactosaminidase. However, a number of key enzymological questions about this new family remain outstanding, and we look forward to future work in this direction of the CAZyme landscape.
3 September 2016: Galactosaminoglycan degradation: Spencer Williams has just completed a short entry on Glycoside Hydrolase Family 114, a small family of bacterial and fungal sequences currently represented by a single characterized endo-alpha-1,4-polygalactosaminidase. alpha-1,4-Polygalactosamine, also known as galactosaminoglycan, is produced as a secreted polysaccharide by select fungi, including Aspergilli.
27 February 2016: The sweet side of sulfur: Author Spencer Williams has updated the Glycoside Hydrolase Family 31 page to reflect the recent discovery of the first dedicated sulfoquinovosidases (SQases), previously ‘hidden’ within this family. SQases cleave α-glycosides of sulfoquinovose (6-sulfoglucose), which represent a significant reservoir of organosulfur in the biosphere. See the GH31 page to discover more of the hidden charms of this family.
> older news
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Native American Indian Chief Deer Nose introduces himself to Indian tribal council
Fort Browning Montana USA Date:1930, September 4 Duration:16 sec Sound:NO SOUND
Chief Deer Nose introduces himself to Indian tribal council. He uses sign language to identify his name and tribe. Chief Deer Nose belongs to the Crow tribe. He wears an Indian Headdress among his regalia. Crow Indians reside in the Yellowstone River Valley.
This historic stock footage available in HD and SD video. View pricing below video player.
Have a correction or more info about this clip? Edit Now
Be the first to correct or edit this clip's info! Edit Now
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Nine years ago today, Hurricane Katrina arrived on the Gulf Coast. The storm brought with it death and destruction, fear and sadness, grief and misery, and even now, nearly a decade later, most Louisiana residents have horror stories about their experiences during and after Katrina.
In Louisiana, in many ways and on many fronts, Katrina will forever be a benchmark by which we measure ourselves.
The Costliest Disaster in U.S. History
Katrina made landfall at about 6 a.m. on Aug. 29, 2005, near Grand Isle, La. Within hours, there was severe flooding in New Orleans and the levees had begun to give way to rising floodwaters that would not recede for several weeks.
The destruction left in Katrina’s wake was immediate – homes and businesses destroyed, lives lost, families displaced – and expensive. More than $127 billion in federal funding was provided for infrastructure repairs, temporary housing and aid to victims, and insured losses attributed to Katrina are estimated at approximately $60 billion. Even now, almost a decade later, we still have no precise figure for how much the storm cost, but for many Louisiana families, no estimate will ever be enough to adequately cover the lost lives.
The Stories We Tell
The stories about lost lives, missing persons, destroyed homes and infrastructure and political fallout were covered from nearly every angle by media around the world in the days, weeks and months after the hurricane. Thousands of evacuated Louisiana residents watched these stories unfold from afar on televisions in motel rooms, in their relatives’ living rooms and in temporary shelters in distant cities and states. The ones who remained were interviewed at length about their experiences and shared heartbreaking stories that left the world in tears.
For most of us in south Louisiana, the question, “Where were you when Katrina hit?” yields a torrent of these tales, and it probably always will. Someday, much as grandparents today tell their grandchildren about where they were and what they were doing on the day President John F. Kennedy was shot, the future generations of Louisiana will hear stories from their grandparents about the day Katrina arrived in our beautiful state.
The Untold Story
Yet in the midst of the stories told about Katrina, the one story that never received quite as much attention is the one about what the storm did to health care in our state.
Even before Katrina made her entrance, there were problems with health care in Louisiana. More than one in five residents lacked health insurance – the state had one of the highest uninsured rates in the nation. Louisiana also ranked as among the highest in the country in per capita health care costs and among the lowest in clinical quality and outcomes.
In the aftermath of Katrina, these problems became even clearer. The storm virtually wiped out the state-operated safety net hospital system in the Greater New Orleans area, leaving many of the region’s residents without access to care for more than a year after the storm. Charity Hospital, which had provided more than 80 percent of the inpatient and outpatient care to the area’s large Medicaid population, was closed, and only three of the nine acute care hospitals in Orleans Parish were operational and only at limited capacity. In adjacent Jefferson Parish, only three hospitals were operational throughout the hurricane. Approximately 4,500 physicians were dislocated by the storm and unavailable to treat their patients. Many long-term care facilities closed, and mental health services – already inadequate for the need - were drastically reduced.
Residents found their problems compounded by the devastating and irreparable loss of their personal health records. Thousands of those evacuated to other areas were in need of immediate treatment for chronic conditions and injuries sustained in the storm, yet care was delayed in many cases while medical personnel scrambled to gather the information required to provide care.
The Dawn of a New Age
Katrina unarguably devastated an already fragile health care system in Louisiana’s coastal regions, yet that devastation left behind an unparalleled opportunity to initiate the change necessary to repair that system.
Our state’s leaders commissioned the Louisiana Health Care Redesign Collaborative in 2006 and tasked it with identifying strategies to not just rebuild the state’s health care system, but to improve it. The result was the creation of the Louisiana Health Care Quality Forum, a private, not-for-profit organization, which was given the mission of accomplishing these changes.
Among those improvements were the need to transition Louisiana’s health care providers from paper-based records to electronic health records (EHRs), and the need to connect those providers via a central, neutral health information exchange (HIE) to ensure the availability of critical health data even in times of disaster. The Quality Forum was named the State-Designated Entity to lead these health information technology (IT) improvements for Louisiana.
Through the Louisiana Health Information Technology (LHIT) Resource Center, the state’s only Regional Extension Center (REC), more than 1,900 health care providers across 37 specialties throughout the state have switched to EHRs. A growing number of these providers are now connected to the Louisiana Health Information Exchange (LaHIE), which currently features nearly 800,000 unique patient records and processes more than 32 million transactions per month.
While the rebuilding of Louisiana’s health care system is far from complete, it now has a strong health IT infrastructure in place to support it for future generations, who will hopefully never have Katrina-like tales of their own to share.
The Lessons We Learned
I’m not sure who said it originally, but I’ve always heard that experience is a hard teacher because it gives the test first and the lesson later. Nowhere is that truer than here in Louisiana in the years after Katrina.
Katrina tested us mightily and in the nine years since that test, she has taught us many lessons – the necessity of preparation and planning, the value of community spirit, the importance of neighbors, friends and family among them. Even now, we continue to learn from our experiences in Katrina, and we continue to rebuild – not just our lives, properties and communities, but also our health care system, our disaster planning and recovery strategies and in general, our future.
Here, it remains the dawn of a new age, and while much success has been made, there is still much to do. Today and each year on the anniversary of Katrina, we do not just look back in remembrance.
We look forward.
For that is the spirit of Louisiana.
Follow Cindy Munn, CEO of the Louisiana Health Care Quality Forum, on Twitter at @CindyMunnCEO
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|Budget Amount *help
¥1,400,000 (Direct Cost : ¥1,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1991 : ¥600,000 (Direct Cost : ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 1990 : ¥800,000 (Direct Cost : ¥800,000)
The relevance of John Dewey's philosophy for restructuring modern theories of education is examined by this project. Special attention is paid to the recent studies of phenomenology, hermaneutics, and critical theory. Through the comparison between Dewey and such philosphers as Alfred Schutz, Richard Rorty, and Jurgen Habermas, a new paradigm for a philosophy of education is sought. The research results are as follows :
1, Dewey's "naturalistic metaphysics" seeks for the construction of a metaphysics of "experience, " in which ontology and epistemology are fused into one. It is a philosophy of "contextualism, " which regards experience or a situation as a contextual whole. Thus, his theory of education is a humanistic empiricism which explores the possibilities of human experience.
2, Dewey's idea of "pre-reflective situation (or primary experience) " and Schutz's idea of "life-word" share a similar philosophical sturcture. Phenomenological concepts of "intentionality" and "intersubjectivity" are also developed in Dewey's theories of "habit and shared experience. "
3, Dewey's method of inquiry is a "unified logical method" by which the transformation of a situation will be conducted and one's system of meanings can be corroborated and enriched.
4, Dewey's "social inquiry" and Habermas' "communicative reason" share a common goal of generating a comprehensive consensus, which can be achieved through dialogue between two groups of different opinions and ideas. Rorty calls this search for an "inter-intersubjective consensus" the "Dewey-Habermas line. "
5, Education is a continuous process of "passionate inquiry. " Continuous "communicative inquiry" is a matrix of "mutual growth, " which is an essential condition of cultivating "coinquirers. " It is a life-long process in which factual, conceptual, moral, and practical forms of knowledge will be restructured and enriched continuously.
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The Muslim Brotherhood, Genocide, and Obama
The Muslim Brotherhood has just issued an ultimatum to the Israeli ambassador in Egypt, telling him to "leave Egypt or die." Brotherhood activists have rallied together, emboldened by their rise to prevalence in the political vacuum created by Mubarak's resignation, to show the world that "[r]evolution is stronger than the Zionist attackers," and they go on to say that "the entire Egyptian people are Hamas."
Interestingly enough, this statement might remind the reader of the powerful words of John F. Kennedy, when he stood against the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1963, where he related: "All free men, wherever they may live, are citizens of Berlin. And therefore, as a free man, I take pride in the words, "Ich bin ein Berliner.""
The Muslim Brotherhood's new message is very similar: all Islamic men in Egypt, whoever they may be, should stand and be counted as members of Hamas. Whether one sees this message as analogous in the sense of ideology, however, would likely be a matter of perspective.
There are the Western apologists for Hamas, who fight against all logic and evidence to portray the group as a viable representative in the Palestinian bid for statehood. People of this mindset generally believe Palestinians to be under the thumb of Zionist oppression, much like the West Berliners who lived in exclaves within East Germany at the time of Kennedy's speech. To them, the Muslim Brotherhood shares Kennedy's message of freedom from oppression.
But here's the problem. Though these apologists willingly embrace the concept of freedom and perhaps cannot imagine how anyone could not do so, the Muslim Brotherhood and Hamas stand for anything but "freedom." Carrying forth "the torch of liberty" may have been a defining factor in JFK's ideology, but to the Brotherhood and Hamas, all is secondary to carrying forth Allah's will, which, according to the Quran, is for all Muslim men to fight unbelievers until religion is "only for Allah" (Surah 2:193).
Freedom does not hold the same value in fundamental Islamic practice as it does for the Western world that has really come to fancy the concept in the last five centuries. Submission, the very translation of Islam, is far superior to "freedom" for fundamentalist Muslims like those that make up the Brotherhood.
The aim of the Muslim Brotherhood, as it is with other anti-Zionist Muslims throughout the world, is to have the followers of Islam hold dominion over the holy land that Israel now occupies, to be governed by Islamic law. To them, having the Jewish "apes" and "pigs" govern with the notion of "freedom" and allowing equal worship at holy sites in Jerusalem is a slap in the face to the prophet who has promised the right to govern that region to Muslims. Therefore, they would much rather see Islamic clerics and mullahs allowing preferential rights to be granted for Muslims, while non-Muslims are subjugated, as Allah intended (Surah 9:29).
Some might read this criticism and find it offensive. They might suggest that these statements about these influential Islamic groups are too broad. Sure, some members of Hamas and the Muslim Brotherhood want to see Israel destroyed by any means necessary, they might say. In fact, Hamas' foundational charter says that very thing in plain language. And sure, maybe the Muslim Brotherhood has been calling to institute the Sharia practices of executing gays and stoning adulterers. But they would argue that this doesn't mean that all members of these groups are for Islamic hegemony and the persecution of Jews.
But the truth is, what I've written to this point isn't the half of it. What the Muslim Brotherhood really wants is not just the ability to institute the social standards of Sharia and for Muslims to hold dominion over Israel. Their ambition, which has been made frighteningly clear, is much, much darker.
The Muslim Brotherhood has held rallies recently that have seen the incineration of Israeli flags and the exhibition of Nazi symbols, complete with taunts to Israelis suggesting that "the gas chambers are ready." It seems rather interesting for a group that has denied the Holocaust to clearly reference the means of its historical practices. Apparently, the infidels' false history is not without its charms in the Brotherhood's eyes.
But think about the implications of what we see every day, but fail to recognize. A burgeoning regime in Egypt, under the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood, is threatening the Israeli ambassador's life. They have openly declared themselves to be not only in league with terrorists, but among the terrorists of Hamas, and therefore they have proclaimed themselves terrorists. Mohamed ElBaradei, a possible Brotherhood candidate for Egyptian leadership, has stated that he would go to war with Israel if it attacks Gaza. This means that any of Israel's numerous and necessary retaliatory strikes upon Gaza could result in war with Egypt, their historic enemy whose strength Israel has bolstered in efforts to achieve the longstanding peace that the Brotherhood would so readily break.
But now, worst of all, the Muslim Brotherhood is calling for the annihilation of the Jews in Israel. This is not the lunatic diplomat of Iran, who is generally viewed by the West as a tyrant and a madman. This is the Muslim Brotherhood -- a group that our president and many other Westerners feel should play an important role in post-Mubarak Egypt. Think about that. Prior to Hitler's election to the chancellorship in 1933, not even he was so bold in bluntly calling for the mass genocide of the Jewish race. One would have to think that if he had been, not even Neville Chamberlain could mistake his intentions as anything beyond the evils he would later inflict upon humanity. But in the world today, the West knows well that the Muslim Brotherhood condones flagrant terrorism and the genocide of Jews, yet Western leaders encourage the democratic process that will hand them the mandate!
Not only have we not learned from history, but we have regressed to pacifism that must now be considered inexcusable given the template of history. The result we will find of continued pacifism is unmistakable. The only real question is whether or not the damage is reparable without increased hostility.
William Sullivan blogs at politicalpalaverblog.blogspot.com.
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7 ways to relieve constipation
Bowel irregularity can add inches to your waistline and cause discomfort. Find out what causes constipation and how to relieve it
Source: Best Health Magazine, May 2009
Constipation is very common. It affects up to 27 percent of the North American population, says Marisa Battistella, a clinical pharmacist at the University Health Network in Toronto. Surveys reveal it’s twice as common in women as men, although this could be because women are more willing to admit experiencing constipation.
Almost everyone is familiar with the signs: abdominal bloating; straining; lumpy, hard stools. But most of us don’t know how frequently we should be ‘going.’ According to experts, you shouldn’t be worried if you go only every other day and your husband or sister goes twice a day; both patterns are fine. ‘Anything from three times a week to three times a day is normal,’ says Dr. John Marshall, an associate professor of medicine at McMaster University and a staff gastro-enterologist at Hamilton Health Sciences. What does matter is that movements are soft and don’t cause you to strain’which can lead to hemorrhoids. ‘People should have realistic expectations,’ says Marshall. ‘There is a lot of folklore about bowel movements and since few people discuss it publicly, a lot of people don’t know what is normal.’
Common causes and your best cures
Constipation is often caused by lifestyle factors such as not eating enough fibre, not drinking enough fluids and not exercising regularly, as well as mental health issues such as stress, depression and anxiety. Genetics are also thought to play a role, albeit a minor one. As well, certain medications can cause constipation, says Battistella. Drugs that may slow down your bowels are antidepressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs] such as paroxetine), antipsychotics, certain antihypertensives, anti-Parkinson’s medications and, most commonly, opioids such as morphine, Percocet and Tylenol with codeine. Supplements such as calcium and iron can also cause constipation. Here’s what you can do to get things moving:
1. Eat more fibre
‘It is recommended you have 25 to 50 grams of fibre a day,’ says Marshall. (Example: One cup [250 mL] of Raisin Bran, two slices of whole-grain bread, a half-cup [125 mL] of raspberries, one cup of cooked adzuki beans and an apple would add up to more than 34 grams of fibre.) Yet, Marshall adds, ‘Canadians average five to 10 grams per day.’ Foods with lots of fibre include cereals such as wheat germ and bran, whole-wheat and rye flours, grainy breads, fresh fruit (especially berries), dried fruits such as prunes and figs, vegetables, and legumes such as chickpeas, lentils and beans. Increase fibre intake gradually to avoid getting gas or diarrhea, or worsening constipation.
2. Exercise regularly
Aim to be physically active at least three times a week for 30 minutes or more, says Battistella. Physical activity stimulates your intestinal muscles to work more efficiently. It also decreases the amount of time needed for food to move through your intestines, so stools stay moist.
3. Drink lots of water
Battistella recommends eight glasses of water a day. Water lubricates the intestines and also moistens the food you eat, aiding its flow through your body.
4. Lose the stress
‘Psychological stress has a huge effect on bowel function,’ says Marshall. ‘We say the bowel is the little brain of the human body. The brain and bowel are highly interconnected.’ Bowel movements depend on intricate signalling between the gut and the brain. When the brain is under stress, the bowel is, too. People who are stressed are less likely to exercise and eat nutritious foods.
5. Stick with a regular routine
Bowel movements occur according to the body’s internal ‘clock.’ When you ignore the urge to go to the bathroom, there’s more time for water to be extracted from the stools into the body, making them harder to pass. (One idea: Give yourself enough time to make bowel movements part of your morning at-home routine.)
6. If necessary, use laxatives, but don’t overdo them
Most over-the-counter products are safe to use, as long as you follow package directions. But overuse can make the bowel lazy. ‘Fix your lifestyle first,’ advises Battistella. For occasional help, there are several laxatives to choose from: Bulk-forming laxatives, such as Metamucil or Prodiem, increase water content and bulk up the volume of the stool so it moves through your bowel faster. (Take them with a lot of water.) Osmotic laxatives, such as Laxilose, help fluids to flow, and stimulate muscles that aid in digestion. Saline laxatives, such as milk of magnesia, draw water into the colon so the stool passes more quickly. Stimulant laxatives, such as Dulcolax and Ex-lax, cause muscle contractions in the intestines that are needed to get things moving, and should be used sparingly. Stool softeners, such as Colace, Surfak and Soflax, make them easier to pass. At-home enemas can be used in cases of acute constipation. Suppositories may also help, but they only clear out the end of the colon. Ask your pharmacist which laxative is best for you.
7. Be prepared for travel
For some people, when they’re on the go, it’s hard to, well, go. ‘I tell people ‘fibre, fluid and exercise,”’ says Marshall. ‘And all those are compromised when you travel.’ He suggests drinking lots of water and, when eating out, choosing menu items with fruit and vegetables in them. Pack high-fibre foods such as granola bars. And take your running shoes with you, so you can be sure to get that crucial exercise.
Don’t miss out! Sign up for our free weekly newsletters and get nutritious recipes, healthy weight-loss tips, easy ways to stay in shape and all the health news you need, delivered straight to your inbox.
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On Friday, the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Obergefell v. Hodges, effectively legalizing gay marriage in the 13 states in which it wasn't permitted by law. In his majority opinion, Justice Anthony Kennedy said, "Rising from the most basic human needs, marriage is essential to our most profound hopes and aspirations." Some of those more practical needs are about to be at the forefront of your employer's HR policies in the coming months. Here's what you can expect to see, in terms of changes to your employee benefits.
More than half of American workers believe employers should offer benefits to same-sex partners. The information comes from a national poll of American workers commissioned by Workplace Options.
The Defense of Marriage Act, in addition to being a civil rights battle, has implications in the workplace, too. That's why some major companies like Disney, Amazon and Microsoft (to name a few) have submitted amicus briefs encouraging the U.S. Supreme Court to reform the meaning of federal marriage to include same-sex unions. Their argument: It's good for the country, but it's also good for business.
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Russia: Nuclear strike would turn Germany into a wasteland
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European Union leaders will stress the inviolability of Ukraine’s border on Thursday, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz said as he arrived for an EU summit in Brussels amid what the West says may be Russian preparations for an attack on Ukraine.
He said: “We will be discussing the difficult situation of Ukraine.
“The question of what is going on with the troop movements along the border and therefore we will once again emphasise that the inviolability of the borders is one of the very important foundations of peace in Europe and that we all do everything necessary that this inviolability will remain intact.”
Speaking before the new German Chancellor, Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda told reporters that the EU has to do everything possible to prevent a possible Russian invasion of Ukraine and should use economic sanctions to stem aggressive Russian behaviour.
He said: “We have to do everything to prevent the worst scenario, which we cannot exclude … military intervention into the territory of Ukraine.
“We have enough tools to stop Russia from its aggressive behaviour … we have to talk about sectorial and also economic sanctions.”
He added NATO should update its contingency plans to take into account that Russia can use the territory of Belarus to prepare an attack on another country.
Slovenia’s prime minister also warned that the bloc is prepared for Russian “surprises”.
Ukraine is currently the main flashpoint between Russia and the West. The United States says Russia has amassed more than 100,000 troops on Ukraine’s borders, possibly in preparation for an invasion. Moscow says its actions are purely defensive and accuses Kyiv and the West of provocative behaviour.
READ MORE: De facto lockdown for unjabbed over-65s in France – MANDATORY boosters
Prime Minister Janez Jansa, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency, said: “I’m worried because the military concentration, especially on the Ukrainian border with Russia (is) very strong.
“And so there is no doubt that Russia is using military power to make pressure … we are prepared to avoid such kind of surprises we met during the occupation of Crimea.”
Back then, the EU, along with the United States, imposed economic sanctions on Russia, targeting its energy, banking and defence sectors in response.
Jansa declined to give details about what new sanctions were possible, but he said hitting the Nord Stream 2 pipeline between Russia and Germany to prevent it becoming operational was also an option.
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He said: “Maybe we get some additional information on what would be the final decision … of the Nord Stream 2.”
The RIA news agency quoted the Russian foreign ministry as saying on Thursday that Russia is ready for constructive work with the West on European security proposals despite differences between the two sides.
The United States said it would share Russia’s proposals for European security with its allies and partners after Moscow handed the proposals over at talks with US Assistant Secretary of State Karen Donfried in the Russian capital on Wednesday.
Additional reporting by Monika Pallenberg
Source: Read Full Article
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Hinduism Today: Letter and Response
The following is a letter written by Vimala Thakar to the magazine Hinduism Today. Following that is another letter written in response.
Brahmins & Burgers
I read Vimala Thakar's letter "Vedic Heritage" [February, 1994] with outrage and would suggest she be more careful in making broad generalizations about "Hindus abroad." Further, to suggest that religiosity is determined by geography is ludicrous. Firstly, not everybody came to the West for the "sole purpose of acquiring money." Many people immigrated for a variety of reasons, including persecution on the Indian subcontinent. Secondly, not everyone is "aping and imitating non-Indian ways of life." Not that there is anything inherently wrong with that: there is good and bad in every culture. So there are things in this culture worth "aping" and things in Indian culture to be rejected and vice versa. The fact that Indians abroad have maintained their religion despite being immersed in a very different culture is a testimonial to their dedication.
I have also lived in India, where many of the people were running off in their blue jeans to their piano and tennis lessons and who had far more wealth than I will ever likely see! I certainly spent more time at the temple than they did. I also knew brahmins who went out for hamburgers, whereas my family has been vegetarian despite being in a meat eating society for over 25 years. So, India is not always the domicile of non-materialistic, "true" Hindus. Let me assure Ms. Thakar we are proudly carrying on Hindu traditions abroad succesfully. The reality is we are no longer 100% products of Indian thought. We are hybrids formed of Indian and Western influences. That is not necessarily bad, however. My parents have always taught me that we are fortunate to be able to pick the best of both East and West. I intend to do so.
Ms. Kothai Kumanan
Bedford, Nova Scotia, Canada
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The Childs Opinion Can Carry Some Weight
Video Transcribed: Your child really wants to live with you. Does that matter to the court? My name is Brian L. Jackson. I am a father’s rights attorney in Tulsa with Dads.Law. And that’s exactly the question I’m going to answer for you today.
Does your children child’s opinion as to where they want to live matter? And the answer is, it depends and that’s probably the most common answer you’ll ever hear from a lawyer ever is, it depends. Because if we’re really being honest, that’s most of the time going to be the answer. And I know how frustrating that is, but bear with me.
So what it depends on in Oklahoma under Title 43, if you’re dealing with a child of 12 years of age or older, the child is presumed to be able to form an intelligent opinion and their opinion can be considered by the court and may be given some weight. It’s not decisive. That’s a common misconception that I want to clear up right now. It’s not decisive.
A lot of people think if the child says they want to live with one parent, that’s the end of the discussion. It’s not. In fact, I would say that’s the beginning of the discussion and there are going to be other factors at play, but it does carry weight and as the child ages, it’s going to carry an increasing amount of weight.
A Court’s unlikely to make a 16 or 17-year-old live with a parent they really don’t want to live with unless you’re talking about some pretty extreme exigent circumstances where the child’s opinion really should be disregarded.
But all things being equal. It’s very likely, although not a given, but very likely, that with a child of that age if they say they don’t want to live with mom and they wouldn’t live with dad, they may get their wish. So understand that.
If the child is less than 12 years of age then the presumption works the other direction. They probably are presumed not to have an intelligent opinion and most judges are not going to consider their opinion if they’re less than 12 years of age at all.
So be aware of that and understand just because you’re 7, 8, 9 years old say they can’t stand their mother and don’t want to live there doesn’t mean that that is going to make the court give them their way.
Now, if there are underlying reasons, the child doesn’t want to go to mom’s house, like for example, abuse, neglect, Uncle Feely, then that is still relevant and it’s not to say the child isn’t wearable and can’t testify.
What it means is that if all they’ve got is their opinion, that they’d rather be with dad, at that age if they’re under 12, it’s probably not going to carry a lot of weight.
Now I can tell you that, although it is persuasive in some situations, just because the child has hit the age of 12 is not the end of the discussion. If the child’s reasoning for why they want to move in with the other parent is because the other parent’s all loosey-goosey and lets them do whatever the hell they want, for example, the court’s probably not going to entertain that.
I’ve won those cases before where I have had a child saying they don’t want to live with my client anymore. And they got ordered to anyway because again, it depends on the circumstances. If the child’s reason for wanting to move is not a good one. They’re not going to get their way.
If the child says they want to move in with a parent who has a history, that’s problematic, like, for example, substance abuse, domestic violence, things like that, criminal behavior, the child probably won’t get their way. So it is persuasive, but not the end of the story.
Now, something to be aware of though, is that can be grounds for the Gibbons Motion. In other words, the Motion to Modify, as a material change in circumstance. That is a reason if you’re talking about a 12 plus child, that you could file one of these motions, although it doesn’t guarantee you the win and that actually can be a harder case to make than you think.
Because if that’s the only reason that the court squarely going to dig hard into why, and if it looks like it’s because the other parent is more easy-going with the kid, they’re probably not going to let the kid go there. So that is a reason to file it. But I’m going to tell you right now, it’s not the easy one you think it is.
So that’s the rule on that? Yes, their opinion can carry some weight. It’s not decisive. And if you have questions about that, I would suggest you go to dads.law where dads are not disposable, and we’ll be glad to help you out, guys
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The Lion and the Rat Comprehension
Which animal steps into a trap? In this follow-up game to The Lion and the Rat, kids put their listening comprehension skills to use by answering questions about the story. Each answer can be found in a beautifully painted scene, featuring main characters and items from the story's plot. This game also features words that begin with L and R, helping kids practice letter-sound correspondence.
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FOUR municipalities in Western Visayas secured the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)-6’s nod for their respective Forest Land Use Plans (FLUPs).
The towns that completed their FLUPs are Dingle and Balasan in Iloilo province and Cuartero and Jamindan in Capiz province.
The DENR approved the plans on June 3, 2019.
The FLUP Implementation Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) was also signed on the same day at the Activity Center of DENR-6 regional office.
The MOA will now serve as the final document for the legitimization of FLUP after undergoing the processes required by DENR.
The signing also kick-starts the LGUs’ pursuit to sustainably manage forest resources and further finalizes DENR’s partnership in forest protection, development and management.
The signing of the FLUP’s Implementation MOA is a symbol of the partnership between DENR-6 and the respective local government units to co-manage the forests and forestland resources in order to attain sustainable development for the benefit of the people.
DENR 6 Regional Executive Director Francisco E. Milla, Jr. underscored the need to balance economic development with environmental protection.
“These FLUPs will serve as a guide for the local officials in their decision making,” he said.
“The FLUP should be part of your Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), and while other local government units allotted only a page for the FLUP in their CLUPs, you have one whole book FLUP,” he added.
Milla said LGUs can also take cue from Boracay Island’s rehabilitation.
“Because of imbalance of priorities, many things were not planned. On the beach easement, there are structures that were taken out. Permanent structures were also built on forestlands and wetlands because many workers stay in boarding houses and no longer return to their homes,” he said.
Officials of the four LGUs – Vice Mayor Jimmy C. Quicoy of Dingle and Mayors Manuel Ganzon of Balasan, Mac Arthur Valdemar of Jamindan and Tito Mayo of Cuartero – thanked DENR-6 for helping craf their respective FLUPs.
The FLUP is a planning tool that equips LGUs, DENR, and other stakeholders to comprehensively map out future economic progress of an area in the context of sustainable forest management, biodiversity management, climate change adaptation, disaster risk reduction and management and forest degradation.
The FLUP also addresses the nine priority programs of DENR Secretary Roy A. Cimatu:
- Clean Air,
- Clean Water;
- Solid Waste Management;
- Geohazard, Groundwater Assessment and Responsible Mining;
- National Greening Program;
- Intensified Forest Protection and Anti-illegal Logging;
- Enhanced Biodiversity Conservation;
- Scaling Up Coastal and Marine Ecosystems; and
- Improved Land Administration and Management. The tenth priority is focused on Manila Bay Cleanup. (DENR-6)
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Woodworking can be a great way to connect with nature, build something that can be passed down for generations, and provide you with a great sense of satisfaction of a job well done. However, I have found that too many people are hesitant to get involved with wood working because of a lack of knowledge. I will provide you with some basic tips that will be helpful as you begin your first woodworking project. This post won’t give you all the information you need to be a master wood worker but it should hopefully point you in the right direction for a life-long learning process.
I think we tend to let our guard down when we do any sort of DIY project at home. Safety is strongly emphasized at work so we may subconsciously ignore it at home since we are no longer at home. The quickest way to take the fun out of any hobby is to have an accident. We want to have fun but we need to be aware that when working with power tools and saws it only takes a second to lose a finger or worse. The best advice I can offer here is (1) don’t operate any equipment until you are familiar with how to safely use it, (2) once you begin to feel tired, stop. You should be totally alert to operate woodworking equipment. (3) Learn how to properly maintain your equipment.
It is important that you gain confidence and to do so I suggest starting off with some small projects. Some good examples include a simple table, bird house, or a picture frame for a special picture. Be patient and practice your skill. Most wood working projects require days to complete so patience is critical. The best way to mess up a good project is to try to do it quickly. Some possible ideas for small projects include combining one love with another. For example, if you love hiking in the woods, make a picture frame from the same wood species that is common in the area that you hike.
In addition to drtoddshupe.com there are many web sites, blogs, and forums for wood workers to share ideas and post problems. You may want to subscribe to a wood working magazine for ideas and tips. In my neck of the woods, the Baton Rouge Wood Workers Club meets monthly and the host will demonstrate an important technique. I attended a recent meeting and the topic was table saw maintenance. This is an essential topic but yet one that is very seldom discussed. Learning will be a lifelong experience. I believe that you can learn something from everybody that you meet in life and this is certainly true in woodworking. You may learn problems to avoid by talking to
You don’t need expensive tools but you do need good tools that are kept in good condition. Maintenance is essential for optimal performance and safety.
Dedicate room in your garage or build a shed in the backyard and dedicate it to your wood working projects. One key factor to consider when deciding on your space is (1) will it be climate controlled? and (2) what is the best option to manage sawdust?
In addition to DrToddShupe.com, there are several other ways to continue to learn and enjoy your hobby. Some areas have local woodworking clubs that meet and people share ideas, discuss problems, tools, etc. I feel that in person “live” learning is the best, especially for something such as woodworking. However, you can check for woodworking forums on the internet and woodworking magazines at most bookstores. I urge you to continue to learn and try new things. If you have a friend or a club to discuss ideas with, you will find your hobby much more rewarding.
Meet the Author
Dr. Todd Shupe is the President of Wood Science Consulting, LLC. He is a well-recognized expert on wood forensics, wood preservation, wood decay and degradation, and wood species identification. He has a broad background in new product development, quality management, and marketing and sales in both the public and private sectors. For more information please visit DrToddShupe.com.
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Henri Charriere, called "Papillon" for the butterfly tattoo on his chest, was convicted in Paris in 1931 of a murder he did not commit. Sentenced to life imprisonment in the penal colony of French Guiana, he became obsessed with one goal: escape. After planning and executing a series of treacherous yet failed attempts over many years, he was eventually sent to the notorious prison Devil's Island, a place from which no one had ever escaped - until Papillon. His flight to freedom remains one of the most incredible feats of human cunning, will, and endurance ever undertaken.
Papillon, Charriere's astonishing autobiography, was published in France to instant acclaim in 1968, more than 20 years after his final escape. Since then, it has become a treasured classic - the gripping, shocking, ultimately uplifting odyssey of an innocent man who would not be defeated.
©1970 Henri Charriere (P)2012 HarperCollins Publisher
Tired teacher. That is, REtired teacher.
Although this is an autobiography, it reads like a novel. I loved reading this book. But once again it highlights the fact that humans can be the most vicious and mean species on the face of the earth. Papillon was not perfect, in fact he did some pretty bad things, but he did not commit the murder he was accused of, and for which he was sent to prison for life. Not just prison, but hard labor, with long stretches of solitary confinement in which he could talk to no one, ask for nothing, and never even see the sun. Papillon tried to escape 10 times and was totally successful the first time. If he hadn't decided he wanted to live somewhere else, he would never have been found and been reimprisoned. I remember seeing the movie with Steve McQueen years ago, and now I want to see it again.
More than anything else, this book taught me to never give up no matter how bleak the outlook. Some days I really need to remember that lesson.
I was a little "if-y" about Michael Prichard as a narrator at first, but I came to realize that his style and vocal characteristics are perfect for this story. Highly recommended.
It's been a while for me since I last find a precious gem like this book. After reading a few good books from Blaisse Pascal, Alexandre Dumas, other stories become pale. I bought the book after some hearty recommendation, which I hope so much to be able to spread it further. Reading this book I realized that human drama when real would never fail to touch. The author has a rather simple style of telling things. On the other hand, he's observation must have been exceptional, making it possible for him to bring out tiny but psychologically penetrating details.
More than once while listing to the book, I had to stop. The emotion it conveyed overwhelmed me. It forced me to slow down and ponder. I resume the listening once I get over it. Surely the life of Papillion must have been full of pain, physical and emotional kinds; even though his story is filled with love and kindness. There were fewer words on the suffering compared to the human experience Papillion wanted to share with the reader. His survival must have a lot to do with this nature in him. The civilized French society failed him in a brutal way, yet he had not failed in embracing the kindness in human nature.
What more can be said about the power of a story, if it succeeds in making me feel this way given that I watched the movie and fully know the story upfront? Indeed, there's no recommendation that could do this book justice. Find it out for yourself!
This is a fantastic book! Just remember that it is from a different time and a different "world" from our own. Henri takes you through a journey as he experiences it. Thank God most of us will never have comparable experiences! Many elements of humanity and inhumanity fill the pages and introduce modern readers to a life that was rarely written about in its day. I first read Papillion almost twenty years ago and some of the imagery and conflict still surfaces from time to time in my thoughts. A very impactful book!
Let's face it, these authors aren't paying me, so there's no need to lie!!
This is a good story. It's translated, so at times the English can be a bit all over the place. There was only one real issue I had, and it's a big one... EVERYONE wanted to be this guy's friend. I don't mean everyone INSIDE prison; actually, that's where the only real tension (best action) takes place. I mean, when this guy escapes, he tells everyone he meets that he's a DANGEROUS escaped convict, and EVERYONE bends over backwards to help him!!
They will say things like:
"Here, take my food that I was going to feed my family with!"
"Here, go sleep with my sister. Oh, she's not your type? Well, here, take my wife."
"Here, take my only boat, that I use for fishing, to feed my family!!"
It may sound like I'm kidding, but trust me, I'm not. It got to be ridiculous. He didn't have to threaten people on the outside, they were just unbelievably eager to help him in any way possible. I don't know if it's just the age we're living in, but I'd venture a guess that around 5% of people would willingly assist a person that approached them and said "Hello, I'm a dangerous escaped con. How's your day going?" Most people would run and/or call the police. In this book, literally 100% of the non-police people he comes across want to help him, and even risk their own lives to do so!
I wanted so badly to like this book, but it is just so unbelievable, I found myself laughing and shaking my head at parts that were clearly not meant to be funny. It's a shame, because there aren't many books out there about escaped cons that have escaped multiple times.
Narrator is excellent. Translation is ok, not great.
This is a book I'd been excited to read for a long while, and listening to the audiobook, the first 1/3 was quite interesting because the novelty of his boldness to escape was thrilling, especially knowing it is a true story, written by Papillon himself. But as the book wore on, the lack of skilled storytelling began to suck energy, as it became a tale of "This happened. Then this happened. Then I ate bread. Then I talked to this guy." And this is a book of several escapes, not building to one, which is historically interesting, but at 2/3 into the book, I find I don't have the patience to finish it out, as I don't feel any build of tension to the next escape, which may not even be his final escape. A harrowing life story, surely, but I think I'm going to give up on this book; perhaps I'll revisit it in the future. I'm thrilled to know that it's a fact that he eventually he escaped! Congratulations on an incredibly difficult accomplishment, real-life Papillon, against all odds, never accepting your fate. That spirit is quite admirable.
I first read this book about 45 years ago; it was full of adventure and I had a hard time putting the book down. I wanted to relieve some of the excitement I felt the first time but unfortunately the narration is not only very monotone; it lacks distinction among the different characters. I tried 3 times to like it but finally gave up in the first chapter. The story is superb and perhaps a new narrator will bring this great book to life.
The whole story is nothing short of amazing.
A new narrator may do justice to this book.
"If 'tis a sin, I don't give a Fiddler's fart!" -Frank McCourt.
Henri Charriere definitely knows how to embelish a story. I believe that most of his accounts were greatly exaggerated or made up.
Despite the fact that he kept publicizing he was a convicted murderer did not stop complete strangers from helping, giving him money and all sorts of presents. Nuns, Priests and Cardinals were going out of their way to hide or help him escape. Local Indian women threw themselves at him (Sisters, if you don't mind) Prison Wardens helped in his escape, other prisoners fatally endangering their lives to sneak him food while in isolation. He even got lepers to give him a boat loaded supplies. Wardens wives had nothing but compliments and lust for him.
Like, who the hell is this guy, right?
Let's not forget that he was also an adroit Sailor, Gardener, Fisherman and tattoo Artist...
The only thing this strory is missing is a couple of Mermaids riding pink unicorns.
This book should've been published as a work of fiction.
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Do You Know The Symptoms Of Feline Diabetes
Do you know the symptoms of feline diabetes? If not, here is an interesting video on feline diabetes I found on you tube. It mentions the cause of diabetes being not enough insulin being produced by the pancreas. I’m not sure I quite agree with that statement.
Surely diabetes ‘is’ when not enough insulin is being produced. So shouldn’t the real question be, what causes the pancreas to not produce enough insulin in the first place. Nevertheless the video makes some interesting points and gives a good basic understanding of feline diabetes and what to look for and what to do.
Do you know the symptoms of feline diabetes
The video has a robotic voice over that may put some people off, so I have transcribed below:-
“Cats are one of the most popular pets in North America. They are loving pets capable of providing you years of companionship. Like other pets, cats can sometimes get sick. There are different types of ailments that cats can get.
One of which is feline diabetes. Feline diabetes is a serious disease although it can be treated by a veterinarian. Diabetes is more common with humans than with cats or other animals. The cause of diabetes is actually quite simple.
Sugar or glucose is found in the blood. The level of blood sugar in the animal is kept under control by hormone insulin, which the pancreas produces. When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin diabetes is to blame.
The symptoms of feline diabetes will vary. The most common symptoms include an increase in urine and an increase in thirst. Other symptoms include a loss of appetite, weight loss and a poor coat.
An increase in thirst is easy to you can easily notice the water dish empty throughout the day. If you do not get your cat treated for feline diabetes immediately, the cat will eventually become inactive, vomit on a regular basis and fall into a coma.
On the other hand if you get the diabetes treated in time the cat will more than likely lead a normal and healthy life. Keep in mind that treatment does not happen overnight. It takes time and dedication.
Cats that have feline diabetes will need to be given food at the same time everyday. They should be prevented from going outside as well. If your cat has diabetes you will need to give it insulin shots once or twice a day.
Once your veterinarian checks your cat he will tell you how many shots and how much insulin you need to give your cat. Before you give your cat his insulin shot you should always make sure he has some food first.
If he hasn’t eaten, give him a shot anyway as he could end up with hypoglycemic shock. This can also occur from too much insulin as well. A hypo can be dangerous and should be avoided at all costs.
If your cat gets a hypoglycemic shock and you are not around he may end up dying. If you have to give your cat shots due to feline diabetes you should always keep a watchful eye on him after you have administered the shot.
After your cat has been on insulin for a period of time your veterinarian may reduce the amount of insulin. Even though he may have to stay on insulin for the rest of his life, he will otherwise lead a healthy life”.
Do you know the symptoms of feline diabetes? Here are some of the things to keep an eye out for, increase in urine, increase in thirst, loss of appetite, weight loss and poor coat. Failure to quickly treat feline diabetes can lead to vomiting and eventually a coma.
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Benefits of parking sensor parking PDC parking sensor JaguarPositive aspects for the PDC parking sensor to park forwards and backwards: Working drivers such as chauffeurs and field workers spend more than half of their lives behind the wheel every day and for many years. With the help of PDC sensors Park Sensor Jaguar is an exact overview of what is immedately behind the vehicle permanently possible. As a field service employees or parcel deliverer, the driver sits the most time in cars or vans. The longer the day is, th greater the risk of accidents. The smart parking sensors Jaguar mounted in the bumpers of the vehicle, reduce the accident statistic numbers when reversing. The reversing alarms serve as a valuable additional protective measurment for professional drivers help to manage high-stress situations.
Repairing paint scratches on the vehicle can be expensive, especially for top-of-the range models. Vehicle parking sensor Jaguar protects the luxurious bodywork from damage and prevents accidents involving pedestrians and cyclists. Elegant reverse parking with the ultrasonic transducer sensor Jaguar and protecting of the luxurious high class car body.
Advanced radio transmission with small errors
PDC parking sensors have revolutionized the installation of Jaguar parking sensor in bumpers. In the meanwhile, even wireless parking sensor Jaguar modules are available in the auto parts trade. Direct wiring of the sensor control unit to the display or warning buzzer is no longer necessary for this solution. This is done by digital transmission via radio signals, but the cable itself is not completely removed. The on-board power supply is still to be connected with the PTS parking sensor. Nevertheless, a great effort is eliminated and the installation of front and rear sensors is a breeze. However, the parking aids with the Jaguar radio parking sensors are not the best solution, because the transmission is prone to failure.
Parking sensors Jaguar let you park in an elegant way!
The Jaguar parking sensor increases the safety when reversing and reduces damage or collision due to the risk of unseen objects. In reverse, each parking aid parking sensor Jaguar gets automatically activated. When activated, an acoustic warning tone sounds via the signal transmitter. The frequency is increasing when approaching an obstacle. In addition, a display is offered in many parking systems, the driver has the option to follow each parking scenario schematically.
Avoid car accidents with parking sensor Jaguar
Recent studies show two out of ten motorist have to endure a car accident each year. And the trends are rising. Accidents happen every year, especially when reversing. some traffic accidents can be prevented.
What helps a motorist to prevent accidents?
The first rule is always to drive with commonsensical and to follow the road rules. In the first place is basically the mutual consideration in the traffic. Pay attention to the road and watch carefully what other drivers are doing and how you can react if necessary. Be sure to always wear your seatbelt, misbehavior may be expensive and your safety standards can be greatly reduced. Also avoid distractions just when reversing with parking sensor Jaguar warning sounder. Stay away from your smartphone, iPod, iPhone while searching a parking space. Do not write text messages while you are driving and not when you are parking. You should also refrain to use MP3 music streaming when reversing.
Carry out regularly the maintenance for your car and check the parking sensor Jaguar warning sounder from time to time. If the warning signals beep in the usual manner, everything is all right. Let check your brakesbregularly from a specialist workshop to optimize your safety standards. In heavy rain aquaplanning can lead to dangerous and unsatisfactory grip. To avoid parking accidents, be sure having checked the rear PDC parking sensor Jaguar parking sensor on the bumpers of your vehicle.
Don't you have a parking assistant Jaguar in your car?
Cheap offers await you in your Electronicx Online-Shop for car accessories. Reversing detector parking sensor Jaguar will inform you if there is another vehicle, subject or person behind the car.
Car accidents - causes and preventive measures
Traffic accidents that caused injuries have been an unpleasant side-effect practically since the invention of automobiles.
The first recorded injury due to a traffic accident occured in 1869. An Irish woman names Mary Ward was thrown out of the stream engine-driver car. She drove straight into an extremely deep fairway that stopped the vintage car abruptly. Without a seatbelt, the young woman flew head over her vehicle. The car drove on and literally crushed the lady. Her serious injuries caused an immediate death.
There are also positive news, that despite rising accidents with fatalities, the number has been halved in the past 25 years. This is primarily because both governments and car manufactureres place more emphasis on safety. The standard use of airbags contributes significantly to the reduction of serious injuries and death from frontal rear-end collsions. Extension to the safety measures even brought airbags for the side of the vehicle to intercept side crashes.
In Europe, the numbers of road deaths continue to decline. In the United States, on the other hand, injuries and deaths on the road are increasing. The causes have an different origin. One reason is the increased unauthorized use of mobile devices while driving. On the other hand is the factor of larger trucks and SUV models relevant. Similar Jeep models like vans and minivans offer a poorer circumspection around the vehicle, which quickly leads to sheet metal damage without PDC parking sensors. Restricted visibility is compensated with the parking sensor Jaguar F-Pace or for parking sensor E-Pace, to better park the SUV of the British car manufacturer.
Many technical aids are used to prevent car accidents. Increasingly, the parking sensor Jaguar is used to control minimum distances. The additional function is provided by front sensors in addition to the sensor-controlled parking aid. This progress only serves to reduce injuries and serious road traffic accidents. The Jaguar parking sensor is an effective distance tool that helps human steering control to avoid parking damages. Modern cars and trucks are equipped with airbags and more and more distance sensors are used for control.
By interval warning tones the driver gets warned of obstacles. Whether parking in reverse or in slow-moving traffic, the parking sensor Jaguar technology reduces sustainably damages to the car paint. In many European countries, there has been a significant decline in accident situations. Accidents, both in collisions between vehicles as well as in parking were reduced by means of PDC parking sensors.
Another approach to accident prevention concerns two other areas that lead to distraction and to serious car accidents. Mobile phones are increasing the road traffic risks due to high distraction playing music or do phone calls while driving. In the Online-Shop you will find handsfree adapters for music streamming. Older citizens also pose a greater risk of accident situations. Especially for parking situations head luxations are painful and often obstacles are overlooked. Also the eyes are no longer the best in some cases. Parking systems with parking sensor Jaguar and additional reversing camera help to remedy this situation. You can ensure a clear overview of what is happening behind the vehicle without dislocation of the head. With all your experience from countless years on the road, parking in reverse will be a nuisance in the narrowest spaces. Stay concentrated and pay attention for avoiding acidents. This will make it easier to park in narrow parking spaces, especially while using the parking assistance PDC parking sensor Jaguar.
Parking assistance parking sensorJaguar and rear view camera options
Does your vehicle have several blind spots and you are desperate during parking process now and then? Easier parking systems for your noble body with parking sensor Jaguar or a rear view camera. The combination of both parking system provides the ultimate in safety when reversing. You can easily visualize what is hidden behind the vehicle. The useful tool to avoid scratching when parking sensor Jaguar is not pre-installed in older models. With the high-quality parking aid parking sensor Jaguar retrofit, a decent amount of comfort will expand your vehicle. Expansion options with reversing cameras are available as an optional accessory in the aftermarket. Our large Online-Shop range offers sensors and other car accessories for larger vehicles such as campers, SUVs, trucks and small cars.
On the aftermarket rear-view cameras, LCD monitors Jaguar parking sensors and complete parking systems are available for all kinds of vehicles, including sedans. Parking assistance parking sensor Jaguar XJ or S-type vehicles models are available at affordable prices. The categories of spare parts with parking sensor Jaguar and parking assistance reversing cameras is comprehensive. The installation in the bumpers is usually executed by uncomplicated clip assembly. Exceptions are cameras and various sensor systems which are mounted, for example, in fenders, license plate bracket or rear window. Parking sensor Jaguar works with ultrasound signals or radar waves depending on the model.
Benefit and functions are basically the same in all technical differences of the PDC Parking Sensor Jaguar units. The application is used to detect objects around the vehicle and to warn you if you get to close to your vehicle.
Some Parktronic parking aids with PDC parking sensor Jaguar offer a visual display on the audible warning sound output. With existing on-board computer a connection is possible or an installation of a further monitor in the cockpit is needed. The interface in the center console is the best solution for a stylish integration. Cheaper versions with display and parking sensor Jaguar are optionally installed in the dashboard area. With adhesive surface it gets mounted directly on the dashboard or on the windscreen. The installation matching the vehicle interior also creates an value increase of your car.
An easy-to-install version of reversing camera is glued to the rear window or stuck in the license plate holder. The image is transmitted by radio to a small screen, which is mounted directly under the rear window.
PDC parking sensor for your Jaguar to park easier
Parking sensor Jaguar and rear view cameras are used for simplification in parking, also an advantage is the ultimate assistance in reverse parking in parallel bays with following traffic. The combination of all existing technologies for easy reverse parking has led to the next generation of modern motorists. Cars that park themselves are the future! There is no doubt, you can easily retrofit your used car with parking sensor Jaguar.
You are considering to increase the safety factor in your British car. The parking sensor Jaguar is a perfect solution. Warning buzzers generate an interval tone that warns of objects around the vehicle. Even more safety is provided by the special equipment of a reversing camera. This technical assistance can be relied on, by acoustic warning signals. The driver's attention is extremely increasing. Real-time pictures on the monitor shows everything behind you and you can adjust your steering wheel to suit your situation.
Rear view cameras are usually mounted on the back of the vehicle, unless they are side-mounted camera units. Wide-angle camera lenses provide a viewing angle that reveals everything up to the bumper of your car. Equipped with the ingenious highlight, to be able to see the road diagonally aligned from behind. Children and objects are always in view with double protection parking sensor Jaguar and rear view camera.
The car equipment with such camera system and PDC parking sensor Jaguar has the best potential to avoid accident when reversing. With parking sensor vehicle parking sensor Jaguar you reduce the accident risk when reverse parking many times. No more garage visits to repair unfavorable shunting damage, only for maintenance you should better represent with your vehicle. Repairing paint scratches, re-painting and painting costs a lot of time. Your car is unused to the meachanic and causes costs. Last but not least, you need to finance a rented car to be able to work at all.
All these hidden and damn annoying costs can be saved by investing in the parking sensor Jaguar retrofit. Reversing sensor PDC parking sensor Jaguar parking assistant is designed to be able to guarantee its performance in any weather. This is a preference to a rear-view camera image parking aid. Through a layer of snow or frozen silt caused by ice or sleet, the reversing camera will not always provide accurate footage. Car camera systems are significantly more weather-sensitive in this respect than parking sensor Jaguar.
Rear-view cameras have another adverse effect, though the low position of the sun may cause a reflection and nothing can be seen on the on-board monitor. In fog or torrential rainfall, the visibility of the camera image is also negatively affected. Therefore, both parking systems are a perfect complement to each other. Finally, you should not rely exclusively on your parking aid parking sensor Jaguar equipment. The decisive factor is that you can use your driving skills and the sensor-controlled parking aid as helpful support. Nothing replaces the responsibility of the driver and common sense to prevent serious traffic and parking accidents.
Play street, residential area, garage entrance parking sensor Jaguar
Driving safety is a very demanding task for every driver and especially for parents of toddlers. Even if you watch the kids closely, it's hard to react fast enough. Some of the most devastating accidents with children were seen in access roads in esidential areas. Lowest speeds or sufficient and different suffer from bad injuries. The children can not access the danger. Driving off a child when driving backwards causes severe and permanent physical and brain injuries in the worst case. Lasting damage from child hood due to careless driversare extremely tragic.
Parking sensors Jaguar ultrasonic transducers with reversing camera increase safety and provide the driver with a better overview. In the large parking lot of a shopping area kids like to play around and control is difficult. The driver is drained after shopping and his senses clouded to have everything in view when parking backwards and the distractions of bill boards, parked cars and shopping trolleys relenlessly weaks the concentration. In such cases, accidents that would have been avoided with the Jaguar parking sensor quickly occur.
Similarily, when maneuvering in front of the school or kindergarden, children can jump out of the bushes and be overlooked. The same applies to housing estates and parking lots near the playground, special care is required here. The construction of numerous new car models shows just when looking behind hardly anything. Here the driver must be able to rely on his instincts and is depending on the technical aids. Parking aids for SUV models with parking sensor Jaguar control the gift around the car.
Ensure more safety with every parking procedure and protect children:
- a greater awareness of the danger
- follow the basic safety rules
- Parents should be vigilant for their own safety and keep children away from exits and busy roads.
- The safety of children is particularly vulnerable in the following two categories
- be hit by a car or run over
Prevent your child being hit in the driveway! One third of the children under the age of six are involved in car accidents were injured in their parents' yard, parking lots and driveways.
In the childhood of one to two years the biggest danger in the own entrance to the propery is to overlook the own child. How often is a planter, letterbox or wheelbarrow approaches, a child falls in the same order of magnitude. A parking sensor Jaguar will not prevent this alone, your personal attention span basically has to be sharpened while driving as well as when parking.
The car is usually parked in and out carefully to prevent it from scratches. However, there is always the possibility that a child or object is in a blind spot. Therefore, use today's technology with camera systems and parking sensor Jaguar distance warnings to maximize your personal safety standards. Even a slow car will cause serious injury to a child, therefore it is to take high attention while reversing.
State-of-the-art hatchback vehicles like the Xk or XE absolutely need PDC parking sensor collision warning. Most models of this type have large blind spots just behind the car. This reduces the risk especially when reversing and involves the risk of serious personal injury. Even cars with PDC parking sensor or a reversing camera can not always detect a small child, and it is often too late when the driver reacts. Use the technique parking sensor as an aid. Your own driving behaviour is, however, crucial to avoid accidents. Nothing can replace parental supervision as a primary safety solution for children. The practice observation of our children is quite a challenge. However, it is better to face the challenge than to suffer the lasting, often devastating consequences.
Blind posts of the rear side
Especially within urban areas, the parking situation is becoming increasingly difficult. Often it is necessary to maneuver the car in extremely narrow parking lots. Take advantage of the chance to squeeze into small vacant parking spaces.
The parking aids from the British island with parking sensor Jaguar help the driver to maneuver in tight spaces without faltering. You will be less stressed out by the simplicity of acoustic and optical parking aids with warning buzzer Jaguar parking sensor for exact distance indication of the obstacles.
The most important elements of the Park Distance Control (PDC) are ultrasonic sensors. Up to six sensors are located in the rear bumpers. More complex parking aids are additionally equipped with parking sensor Jaguar in the front bumpers. Thanks to the combination of parking sensor and electronics in robust form, the ultrasonic sensors are known for their compact design. For this reason, and the fact that they can be painted in the original color of the car, they are barely visible. The exchange and installation is an ease and therefore it is highly recommended to replace pressed in and damaged parking sensors immediately.
The individual parking sensor Jaguar built-in sensors monitor a different range of two meters and more according to the model. The installed version of parking sensor Jaguar depends on vehicle sizes and year of construction. If you buy the parking sensors in an Online-shop you need the OE part number of your vehicle. Like the majority of all parking systems, the ultrasonic distance measurement is activated when reverse gear is engaged. According to the model, the connection takes place automatically from a speed of 15 kilometers per hour. A special mechanism for driving in tight parking garages and parking lots of shopping malls with high turnover.
Function of PDC parking sensor Jaguar
The system of this form of parking aid uses the principle of echosounder. Imitated by the bat that finds its way this way. A fixed PDC control unit continuously controls the parking sensor Jaguar units. Each Jaguar parking sensor transmits and receives an ultrasonic signal at a frequency of 40 kilohertz (kHz). The controller switches the function of the Jaguar parking sensor from transmittng to receiving as soon as an object is detected. In this way, an exact reflecting of sound waves and the resulting distance determination is possible. Based on the transitted time of the reflected ultrasonic waves. This is the time elapsed between the transmission of the signal and the reception. The parking system calculates how far the respective Jaguar parking sensor is from the obstacle. The warning sound output occurs according to the intervals in the interior of the vehicle. The control unit calculates the distance between the vehicle and the obstacle based on the information of at least two PDC parking sensors.
Safe parking with automatic obstacle detection of parking sensors
The best way to protect your car when reversing is to install a Jaguar parking sensor. At the same time, the reverse parking sideways gets a joyous task without stress and with more clarity. Adding an extra rear-view camera to the Jaguar parking sensor will help you get the most out of it. Everything that happens behind the bumper can be tracked and responded appropriately. Unintentional parking bumps are avoidable because you know what's behind your car. Sure is, the parking sensor Jaguar does not bring salvation but makes backward parking a lot easier.
It is almost impossible to see all the details when reversing behind your car. Threading backwards into the parking niche will often lead to a torture due to a limited field of vision. The mirrors on the vehicle and the shape of the stern often do not allow a view to the rear. It will be extremely difficult to detect small or low objects. A raised curb is enough and the sill has a new unwanted ornamentation. Repairs are costly and scarring in the beloved aluminium rims are hard to cover.
Reversing without a view is no good idea, that's why parking sensor Jaguar offer an improvement. Despite poor visibility, you can be warned about objects and adjust your steering movements. With a rear-view camera the parking sensor Jaguar equipment bring you more insight in all parking maneuvers. As a car owner you have the option to install front sensors to your parking sensor Jaguar reversing alarms for optimal protection around your car.
You do not have free view to the rear of the car?
You simply drive on, risking deliberately damaging your vehicle and other parked cars. With the Jaguar parking sensor reverse parking becomes considerably easier, with more overview and permanent saving of high painting costs. The use of automatic obstacle detection does not completely replace your eyes, but makes parking much easier. Rear view detector Park Sensors Jaguar act as a second pair of eyes directly in the bumpers of your car.
As a bumper sensor can be installed without much effort and the ingenious technology will improve your driving behavior a lot. For every driver it is an absolute gain to recognize objects behind the car. In order to get an accurate warning of the possible impact on the frequency of the sound intervals in relation to the distance.
As a rule, a reversing sensor is installed in different numbers according to the shape and width of the vehicle model. The standard version of parking aid parking sensor Jaguar is in the rear bumpers and serve only to park backwards. A useful parking tool that gives you more reaction time to respond to potential hazards. When reversing with a car, it's too easy to miss small objects behind the car. If suddenly a child emerges, you undoubtedly have had more than a fright. prude With a parking sensor Jaguar reversing sensor on the back of your car, you will park more prudently backwards. Studies have repeatedly proven that drivers with parking sensor are often more focused. Protect the health of the little and vulnerable road users with PDC parking sensor Jaguar.
Parking assistance parking sensor Jaguar retrofit
Basically, when reflection to a retrofit parking system, it is to consider to combine the Jaguar parking sensor with a wide-angle camera.
Advanced models offer an extra display, if a connection, for example to the existing navigation is not possible. The detection of static objects is further facilitated and at the same time you are protected against possible failures.
In contrast to a defective parking sensor Jaguar, a failure of the reversing camera is immediately apparent. An adverse factor is, that when a Jaguar parking sensor fails, the system will generally not display a defect. From time to time you have to check sensors by yourself. Take a second person to help, that passes sensor by sensor behind the car. Turn on the parking aid and pay attention to the warning tones. Everything sounds normal and the warning sound output is faster and slower depending on the distance is everything in best order. If there is a change, you can easily install a replacement.
Original OEM replacement parts for parking sensor Jaguar can be purchased at fair prices including warranty in the Online-shop of Electronicx.
The cost of parking your car can be quite high. You can protect your vehicle of jostles due to PDC parking sensor, that help to make your vehicle safer from parking damage. No more reason for complain about tight parking lots. Using parking sensor Jaguar parking beepers makes reverse parking a breeze.
Our PDC Park Sensor Jaguar offers are delivered primed and can be reacoated in no time with car paint spray. The PDC parking sensor Jaguar distance detector draw the requisite power directly from the reversing spotlight. Likewise, in this way the activation is ensured, with the reverse gear, the taillight turns on and the parking sensor Jaguar starts to measure. They drive backwards and automatically turn on the PDC parking sensor of the parking aid. In the same way follows the shutdown, uncouple reverse gear and the reverse warning PDC parking sensor Jaguar turn off. Some of the parking sensor Jaguar offered are easy to retrofit in your vehicle. Other require a little more work and must be installed by drilling into the bumper and increasing cabling.
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When Shelly Wall, a resident of Abbeytown, Cumbria in the United Kingdom, was informed while pregnant that her baby had a rare condition called hydrocephalus, along with rare chromosomal abnormalities, and spina bifida, she was told to get an abortion five different times.
When their son Noah was born in 2012, doctors gave them the news that Noah only had two percent of of his brain. Both her and her husband Rob were not sure if their baby would survive, but they wanted him to have a chance at life. Slowly but surely, as Noah aged and grew, his brain grew as well. At the age of three, a scan of Noah’s brain showed that the two percent had grown to eighty percent.
When asked on Good Morning Britain why Rob and Shelly Wall chose to go through with the pregnancy, despite the grim odds, Rob said, “We were older parents, if younger people were offered that choice they may have felt pressured to go through with it, but we know our own minds and we are positive people… We wanted to give Noah the chance of life.”
Noah is now six, can speak, and has big dreams to learn to walk, surf, and ski with the help of an Australian clinic.
Though Noah faces a lifetime of operations and challenges, he and his parents are both happy and grateful for the successes they have had thus far.
Watch Noah’s interview with Good Morning Britain below:
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Island Bodies: Transgressive Sexualities in the Caribbean Imagination
In Island Bodies, Rosamond King examines sexualities, violence, and repression in the Caribbean experience. Analyzing the sexual norms and expectations portrayed in Caribbean and diaspora literature, music, film, and popular culture, King skillfully demonstrates how many individuals contest traditional roles by maneuvering within and/or trying to change their society's binary gender systems. These transgressions have come to better represent Caribbean culture than the official representations perpetuated by governmental elites and often codified into laws that reinforce patriarchal, heterosexual stereotypes. Unique in its breadth as well as its multilingual and multidisciplinary approach, Island Bodies addresses homosexuality, interracial relations, transgender people, and women's sexual agency in Dutch, Francophone, Anglophone, and Hispanophone works of Caribbean literature. Additionally, King explores the paradoxical nature of sexuality across the region: discussing sexuality in public is often considered taboo, yet the tourism economy trades on portraying Caribbean residents as hypersexualized. Ultimately King reveals that despite the varied national specificity, differing colonial legacies, and linguistic diversity across the islands, there are striking similarities in the ways Caribglobal cultures attempt to restrict sexuality and in the ways individuals explore and transgress those boundaries.
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What you need to know the tourist
Most of the territory of China is located in the zone of moderate climate with hot summer and soft winter. However, in the southwest of the country and on the island of Hainan – tropical climate. Colder than all in winter in northeastern China.
Monetary unit of the country – Yuan, equal to ten Mao. $ 1 stands just over eight yuan.
Customs declarations at the entrance to the country are not filled. Restrictions on the import and export of foreign currency does not exist. The export of antiquity objects, which are national heritage, without the relevant permits of the Ministry of Culture of China are prohibited.
Visa can be obtained at the Chinese Embassy in Moscow or consulates located in some our cities, it is drawn up for up to 30 days and costs $ 50. To obtain a visa, a passport and invitation from the host Chinese side. For entry into Hong Kong (now this Chinese province Sianggan) invitation is not required, and the consular fee is $ 30.
Beijing can be reached by regular flights Air China, which flights on Mondays and Thursdays (minimum ticket costs – $ 510), as well as regular flights "Aeroflot" five times a week, except Tuesday and Saturday (ticket cost – $ 430). There are also a flight "Aeroflot" in Shanghai.
The procedure for passing border control is as simplified as much as possible. The time of the border does not exceed 15 minutes. However, it is necessary to remember the observance of the rules of behavior: it should not be loudly talking, laughing or swing their hands – Chinese border guards may not be wrong to interpret it.
When flying abroad, the airport fee is 90 yuan. On domestic airlines – 50 yuan.
There are no restrictions on the country. However, a special permit is required to visit some mountain areas in Tibet.
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Industrial valves for oil & gas and petrochemical applications
Many Oil & Gas and Petrochemical applications were developed to meet special requirements such as :
- Oil exploitation and operations using harsh and corrosive fluids (sulphuric gas).
- Refining and petrochemicals using heavily charged fluids and/or high temperatures.
- Tank storage of refinery products with Positive Safety valves from our range FireClap / FeederClap as well as TSV (Thermo Safety Valves).
- Treatment of gases produced in Industry with a specific range of cryogenic valves.
A suitable range of industrial valves
These products , whether standard or special (‘’Y’’ type, Tilting Check or Safety equipment) are proposed in different fabrication materials (Carbon, Alloy Steels and Stainless Steel) reply to the highest international standards (API, ASME..).
We also provide safety equipment well suited to the storage of fuels: *
- The Fireclap provides positive safety against the risks of fire which threaten the storage of flammable products.
- The thermal expansion valves, thanks to the excellent sealing performance on reclosing, minimize the loss of stored products.
Through a dedicated service, active support is offered on products over 40 years old around the world. On-site interventions can be carried out by Valco-Valves-Services (VVS) teams to help maintain the integrity of product performance regardless of the date of commissioning.
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Traditional family VS modern family
Things are changes in the world. One of these things is the family and it’s very important to develop the country and the society. Nowadays there is a big jump for the family from traditional to modern. In this essay I would like to compare and contrast between these two families. First, I’m going to discuss the traditional family. The traditional family has many foundation methods such as: living together. Even if some of their sons got married, they must bring his wives and live with the family until they die. Also some of the traditional families didn’t like to live in the town; they make a tent in the desert and live like their grandfathers in the past. The most dangerous thing that happens in the traditional family is that they don’t let girls complete their education after they finished from the school. However, the modern family forgets all these things from the past and starts a new life style in the city and there is no rules in the family like all family members should live in the same house. There are more free things for the boys and girls such as letting them continue their education outside the country and live alone. All in all, I think the traditional families must do some changes in their life style even if it’s hard for them because it’s important to provide our society with more people who have good education.
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The Achaean League (or Achaian Confederacy) was a federation of Greek city-states in the north and central parts of the Peloponnese in the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. With a combined political representation and land army, the successful early years of the League would eventually bring it into conflict with other regional powers Sparta, Macedon, and then later Rome. Defeat by the latter in 146 BCE brought the confederacy to a dramatic end.
Founding & Membership
The League was formed in c. 281 BCE by 12 city-states in the region of Achaea who considered themselves as having a common identity (ethnos). Indeed, several of these states had already been members of a federation (koinon) in the Classical period but this had broken up c. 324 BCE. The principal founding members of the League were, then, Dyme, Patrai, Pharai, and Tritaia, all located in western Achaea in the northern Peloponnese of Greece. More Achaean cities joined in the following decade and the stature of the League grew when Sicyon, a city outside the region, joined in 251 BCE. From then on, membership steadily grew to encompass the whole of the Peloponnese.
Members enjoyed the strength in numbers of the League whilst maintaining their independence. Their primary obligation was to contribute a quota of warriors for the League’s collective army. Cities also sent representatives to meetings of the League in proportion to their status - smaller cities sent one, and larger ones could send three. Of these, the original founding and larger members continued to exert more influence and their representatives certainly carried more stature as regional statesmen. The representatives met, perhaps four times each year, on a federal council and there was also a citizen’s assembly. Up to c. 189 BCE meetings were held at the sanctuary of Zeus Homarios at Aigion and thereafter at individual city-states, presumably on a rotation basis.
The representatives sent by city-states were led by the strategos (general), a position which was introduced in c. 255 BCE and held for one year. To better ensure one state did not overly dominate, the position could not be held for consecutive years. However, this did not stop some notable figures such as Philopoimen (from Megalopolis) and Aratos (from Sicyon) holding the position several times in their careers. Other important positions included the cavalry commander (hipparch), ten damiourgoi officials, and a League secretary.
The League not only gave its members a better defence against outside aggression but also brought several non-military benefits such as access to a common judicial process and the use of a common currency and system of measurements.
As the League expanded and became more influential, so too its relations with other regional powers increased in intensity. Local rivalries existed in particular with Sparta to the south and the Aitolian League across the straits of Corinth. Even distant Macedon and Egypt began to take an interest in the League’s affairs. These relations became ever more strained as the League became more ambitious. In 243 BCE Corinth was attacked and forcibly made a member of the League. The effect of this acquisition was to weaken the Macedonian presence in the region and so allowed the League to assume more member cities, notably Megalopolis in 235 BCE.
The Macedonian Wars
Trouble was brewing, though, as Cleomenes III of Sparta (r. 235-222 BCE) sought to expand his own influence in the region. This forced the League to seek help from Antigonos III of Macedon. Together the two allies defeated Sparta at the Battle of Sellasia in 222 BCE. As payment for their support, the acropolis of Corinth, the Acrocorinth, was given back to the Macedonians.
Then a new heavyweight power entered the scene of Greek inter-state politics: Rome. The League remained loyal to Macedon in the First Macedonian War (212-205 BCE) between the two powers. This was an unwise move as Philip V’s Macedonian army was defeated. The Achaeans then pragmatically switched sides in the Second Macedonian War (200-196 BCE) and supported Rome. This time finding itself on the winning side, the League had to carefully balance its ambitions with the new wider political situation. Around 196 BCE Rome and the League signed a treaty of alliance, quite a distinction at the time.
Conflict with Rome & Collapse
Sparta, Elis, and Messene were made members of the League while Rome was distracted by another war, this time against Antiochos III, the Seleucid king. Again the Romans were unstoppable and their defeat of Antiochos at Thermopylae in 191 BCE and Magnesia in Asia Minor in 190 BCE left Greece ever more vulnerable to Roman dominance. A Third Macedonian War (171-167 BCE) brought another Roman victory and Greece was well on the road to become nothing more than a Roman province.
Already not best pleased by the League’s acquisition of Sparta, Rome became suspicious of its ambiguous political stance. As a consequence, Rome took 1,000 prominent Achaean hostages back to the Eternal City and in 146 BCE there was open war between the two powers in what is sometimes referred to as the Achaean War. Predictably, the Roman war machine prevailed again; Corinth was sacked and the League in its current form disbanded. The confederacy was, though, later permitted to function in a more limited way and on a more local basis. It survived as such into the 3rd century CE and perhaps beyond, occasionally forming alliances with other such groups within the Greek region of the Roman Empire.
About the Author
- Bagnall, R. et al, The Encyclopedia of Ancient History (Wiley-Blackwell)
- Hornblower, S., The Oxford Classical Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2012).
- Kinzl, H., A Companion to the Classical Greek World (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010).
Achaean League Books
Oxford University Press (04 May 2012)Price: $162.80
Alphascript Publishing (24 March 2011)Price: $41.00
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a game title at cards played by four people with two packs of fifty two cards each said to be so called from Boston Massachusetts and to have-been created by officers associated with the French army in the usa throughout the Revolutionary war
- condition money and largest city of Massachusetts; an important center for financial and economic solutions
- a game title at cards, played by four persons, with two packages of fifty-two cards each; -- considered so called from Boston, Massachusetts, and are invented by officials of this French military in America during the Revolutionary war.
Name Origin: English
Name Gender: Male
U.S. city, 1630, called for city in Lincolnshire, an area from where numerous settlers stumbled on brand new The united kingdomt. The name is said to be actually "Botolph's Stone," probably through the title of some Anglo-Saxon landowner (Old English Botwulf). Boston Massacre was March 5, 1770; three civilians killed, two mortally wounded. Card online game Boston (1800) is dependent on the siege of Boston through the United states Revolution. The Boston Tea Party (1824) were held on Dec. 16, 1773 (see tea-party).
(City of) Boston
(letter.) A casino game at cards, played by four persons, with two packs of fifty-two cards each; -- reported to be so named from Boston, Massachusetts, and happen invented by officers of the French military in the usa throughout the Revolutionary war.
Her sister in Boston wasn't very talkative.
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ALBANY – Tuesday, three Western New York firefighters, and six more from throughout New York state, who lost their lives in the line of duty were honored at the New York State Fallen Firefighters Memorial. With family, friends, and hundreds of firefighters there to pay their respects, Lt. Gov. Robert J. Duffy led a ceremony in adding the names of nine fallen firefighters to the memorial.
“Firefighters from across the state came to pay tribute to the service and sacrifice of these individuals. We must never forget the fact that our first responders risk their lives every day, and for that we are eternally grateful,” said Senator Catharine M. Young (R,C,I-Olean), who attended the ceremony to memorialize the nine brave firefighters honored.
Ronald J. Keddie, a 41-year member of the Sheridan Fire Department, passed away on June 27, 2012 at the age of 64. While reporting to the fire station to drive an engine to a motor vehicle accident, Keddie collapsed on the floor of the fire station due to a medical emergency, and succumbed to his injuries.
Keddie was a New York State Fire Instructor for more than 30 years. He had a passion for the fire service that was difficult to rival. He attempted to instill that passion to all of his students, as well as to anyone else who would listen.
He coordinated the Chautauqua County Weekend at the New York State Fire Academy, where there was rarely an empty seat. Ron also loved to work with children, and routinely taught fire prevention to children at local schools, youth groups, and at the Children’s Safety Village. Ron was a burly man with a deep, gruff voice, which may normally frighten a child, but due to his gentle ways, almost always endeared the children to him and his message of fire safety.
Keddie served the Sheridan Fire Department in the offices of President, Chief for two terms, and most recently as a Fire Commissioner in his third term. Through the course of his career, he also served on countless committees. He served his country in the Vietnam War from 1967-1970 in the U.S. Navy, and received the National Defense Medal. He was also very active in local fraternal organizations, clubs, charitable organizations, and an avid Buffalo Sabres fan.
Surviving are his wife Kathleen and son Michael, both active members of the Sheridan Fire Department, and daughters Jennifer and Melissa. He was predeceased by his parents Robert and Esther, and his son Todd.
Michael J. Chiapperini was born April 1, 1969 and grew up in Webster, with his loving parents Marcia and John, and sister Michelle. He dedicated his life to serving the Webster community as both a volunteer firefighter and police lieutenant. Chiapperini volunteered with the West Webster Fire Department for over 25 years rising through the ranks of lieutenant, captain, first and second assistant chief, and chief. Chiapperini really loved serving as the Explorer Post Advisor, volunteering for deployments, and going on calls, especially with his son, Nick. Chiapperini also worked for the Webster Police Department for over 19 years. Within the department, he rose through the ranks of patrol officer, investigator, sergeant and lieutenant. He served on many committees and was trained in many areas of emergency response.
On December 24, 2012, Mike responded to a call for a reported car fire. Upon arrival, a gunman ambushed the firefighters and opened fire. Chiapperini and Tomasz Kaczowka were fatally wounded, and two other firefighters, Joe Hoffstetter and Ted Scardino, were also wounded by gunfire. The shooter took his own life shortly afterwards.
Mike leaves behind his wife, Kim, and three children, Nicholas (20), Kacie (5) and Kylie (3). He is also survived by his mother, Marcia; sister, Michelle (Dane) Ehrich; mother and father-in-law, Pete and Shari Munding; brother-in-laws, Mike and Ryan Munding; sister-in-law, Julie (Jeffrey) Dawson; numerous cousins, nieces, nephews, and many friends.
Chiapperini had a deep passion for life. He enjoyed boating, snowmobiling, hunting, road trips, vacations and lots of family time. Every weekend, he planned something fun to do with his family. He also adored his two boxers, Jax and Carlie. Courageous, determined, outgoing, humorous and generous are qualities that Chiapperini possessed. He adored his family, would always help a friend in need, and was a true public servant. Chiapperini is and will always be greatly loved and missed.
Born May 16, 1993, Tomasz Marian Kaczowka was a first generation Polish-American and the youngest of three brothers. He loved his friends and family, visiting Poland, and helping others. Those who knew him remember him as an energetic, fun-loving individual with a sense of humor and a contagious smile. He enjoyed making people laugh and playing jokes on his unsuspecting brothers Dariusz and Greg. His parents Janina and Marian taught him to work hard and reap the benefits of a career he was passionate about.
Kaczowka joined the West Webster Explorers Post at age 14, eagerly training to develop himself and others as firefighters. He also attended the Eastern Monroe Career Center in Rochester, eventually earning CFR and EMT certifications. In August 2011 at age 18, Kaczowka became the youngest volunteer firefighter in the department, earning nicknames like “kid” or “skidda.” He continued his studies in Fire Safety at Monroe Community College while simultaneously working full time as a Fire Dispatcher for the Rochester Emergency Communications Department on the overnight shift. Even with this rigorous schedule, Kaczowka still dedicated time to attend incidents, and was placed on the Dean’s List for the fall of 2012. He planned to become a professional firefighter.
Kaczowka was killed in the line of duty along with his friend and mentor Michael Chiapperini during an ambush at the scene of a fire on Christmas Eve 2012. He had selflessly offered to stay at the firehouse overnight so that other firefighters could spend time with their families. His heroic actions will not be forgotten.
Kaczowka’s dedication and drive to succeed in civil service serves as proof that age is not always an accurate measure of a person’s character and ability. Hopefully, Kaczowka’s actions will serve as a guide for other young firefighters.
Also honored were Richard A. Nappi of the New York City Fire Department, James P. Wickham of the Cutchogue Fire Department, Isaac L. Ransom of the East Clinton Fire Department, Gerard Marcheterre of the Borodino Fire Department, Harry L. Davidson of the Winona Lake Fire Department, and George W. Dove of the Skaneateles Fire Department.
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Discover Columbia Law
Saudi Arabia recognises Quran as its structure, and is governed on the premise of Islamic law. Iran has also witnessed a reiteration of Islamic law into its authorized system after 1979. During the earlier couple of a long time, one of many basic features of the movement of Islamic resurgence has been the call to revive the Sharia, which has generated an unlimited quantity of literature and affected world politics.
The govt in a authorized system serves as the centre of political authority of the State. In a parliamentary system, as with Britain, Italy, Germany, India, and Japan, the manager is identified as the cupboard Law, and composed of members of the legislature. The govt is led by the top of presidency, whose workplace holds energy under the arrogance of the legislature.
Kelsen’s main opponent, Carl Schmitt, rejected each positivism and the concept of the rule of law because he did not accept the primacy of summary normative rules over concrete political positions and choices. Therefore, Schmitt advocated a jurisprudence of the exception , which denied that authorized norms might encompass all of the political expertise. Definitions of law typically increase the query of the extent to which law incorporates morality.
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Although international locations like Israel, Greece, Sweden and China are unicameral, most nations are bicameral, meaning they have two individually appointed legislative houses. In developing the frequent law, academic writings have at all times performed an necessary half, each to gather overarching ideas from dispersed case law, and to argue for change. William Blackstone, from round 1760, was the primary scholar to collect, describe, and educate the widespread law.
Annie Blackman L’22, Co-Chair of If/When/How, a pupil pro bono project dedicated to lawyering for reproductive justice, reacts to the leaked SCOTUS opinion. Through ratification of worldwide human rights treaties, Governments undertake to put into place home measures and legislation suitable with their treaty obligations and duties. The LSAC Research group has issued a first-of-its-kind report offering a highly nuanced perspective on how law colleges assist LGBTQ+ college students. An alternative to offer a brand new, guided holistic pathway to law college for undergraduate students.
Jeremy Bentham and his pupil Austin, following David Hume, believed that this conflated the “is” and what “must be” drawback. Bentham and Austin argued for law’s positivism; that actual law is completely separate from “morality”. Kant was also criticised by Friedrich Nietzsche, who rejected the principle of equality, and believed that law emanates from the desire to energy, and cannot be labeled as “moral” or “immoral”. A Look At The Legal Profession Since Murder Of George Floyd Little has changed for Black attorneys since law firms promised to combat discrimination inside the career following George Floy…
Constitutional And Administrative Law
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Robert R. Slaughter Professor of Law Justin Driver is quoted a couple of problem to affirmative action law in Texas. We have collected some of our favorite resources for information on legislative, regulatory, judicial, and govt responses within the United States to the COVID-19 pandemic and picked up them right here in your use. Career recommendation We provide recommendation and help on changing into a solicitor and career improvement for solicitors. Help shape our plans Complete our 10-minute survey and tell us what you focus on our plans to assist you, the profession and wider society. Our editors will evaluation what you’ve submitted and determine whether or not to revise the article. While each effort has been made to follow citation style guidelines, there may be some discrepancies.
You can discover our 23,000 alumni training in corporations of all sizes, from Wall Street to Main Street. Logo-footer logo-full logo-stanford-university brand menu-close menu Close IconIcon with an X to denote closing. Efforts by our Human Rights Center to deliver the first ‘cyber struggle crimes’ costs have been just lately featured in Wired. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi was taken into custody late Saturday in Napa County north of San Francisco, based on a sheriff’s workplace online booking report. June 1, 2022 • Over a 14 year profession at Facebook, Sandberg was a pivotal determine in helping the social community turn into one of the dominant social media platforms on the earth. June 1, 2022 • “Four innocents and one shooter” are lifeless, says Jonathan Brooks of the Tulsa police department at a information conference on Wednesday.
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After months of diligent advocacy, partisan gridlock, and intense negotiations, the Alec Smith Emergency Insulin Bill was signed into law today in Minnesota. Alec’s Bill is named for 26-year-old Alec Smith, who passed away after rationing his insulin in 2017. The legislation, which is the first of its kind in the nation, establishes a program for patients with diabetes to purchase the insulin they need at an affordable price. To get to this moment, advocates in Minnesota endured a tough - and long - fight.
Nicole Smith-Holt, Alec Smith’s mother and T1International Charity Ambassador said, ‘’If this had existed three years ago, Alec would still be alive. It has been a long, hard fight, alongside dedicated advocates across the state, but my family and I can rest easier knowing that lives will be saved through this legislation. While it is a truly huge step forward, we know this isn’t the end. Legislators and patients can also rest easy themselves knowing that the fight continues until every single person can access affordable insulin sustainably.’’
The purpose of this bill was straightforward. Nicole Smith-Holt, James Holt, and advocates with T1International’s Minnesota #insulin4all Chapter wanted to prevent needless deaths due to rationing insulin. Multiple studies have found that the high cost of insulin in the United States has led one in four people with diabetes to ration their doses. In Minnesota alone, rationing has caused multiple tragic deaths, including Alec Smith and Jesy Scherer-Radcliff.
Advocates with our Minnesota #insulin4all Chapter and throughout T1International’s network believe that access to insulin is a human right, and that no one should have to choose between paying their bills, buying groceries, or paying for their insulin. Alec’s Bill was developed to ensure that no one would have to ration their insulin because they can’t afford the skyrocketing price. Minnesota #insulin4all advocates were also determined to hold the pharmaceutical industry accountable with this bill, pushing for the companies to cover its associated costs.
The Alec Smith Emergency Insulin Bill (HF 3100) enables people with diabetes in Minnesota to access an emergency 30-day supply of insulin for a $35 copay. Patients would be eligible if their prescription is set to run out within one week, and they are unable to afford out-of-pocket costs of $75 or more.
The bill also creates a plan to ensure more sustainable affordability for people with diabetes who are uninsured or underinsured, including those on Medicare and those with high copays. Patients who qualify for longer-term support could pay $50 for a 90-day supply. To qualify for the program, Minnesota residents must be at or under 400% of the federal poverty level, which translates to $51,000 for individuals.
During the fight for Alec’s Bill, one of the key areas of disagreement between Republican and DFL lawmakers was who would pay for the program. Democrats wanted insulin manufacturers to pay to fund a state-run program. Under a compromise reached this April, pharmaceutical companies are required to replenish insulin stockpiles that pharmacies distribute to those who qualify for the program, and participate in additional programs that provide affordable insulin to Minnesotans in need. If the insulin manufacturers do not comply, they would face hefty fines - fees of up to $3.6 million in the first year of enactment and $7.2 million the second year.
Pharmaceutical companies strongly opposed the passage of the Alec Smith Emergency Insulin Bill, even threatening to sue the state of Minnesota should the bill pass. In 2019 alone, insulin manufacturers Eli Lilly, Novo Nordisk, and Sanofi spent heavily on lobbying, spending around $264,000 - more than triple the amount they had spent in 2018.
There is more to be done to guarantee #insulin4all in Minnesota. The bill passed by Minnesota legislators was criticized by Rep. Tina Liebling for its strict identification requirements that may exclude unauthorized immigrants and other vulnerable groups. Still, this bill lays an important foundation that can be built upon to include more Minnesota residents and guarantee affordable insulin for all who need it.
Reaching this point was not an easy feat, and it has demonstrated the true power of persistent advocacy. Finally passing the legislation came after months of negotiations and compromise. The countless hours spent by Nicole, her family, and the Minnesota Chapter have paid off, yet the advocates acknowledge that more work must be done. As the #insulin4all advocates plan their next steps, they hope that other Chapters will take inspiration from their determination as they celebrate this legislation.
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Famicom Top Management (ファミコン トップマネジメント, "NES Top Management") is a Family Computer business simulation video game that turns the player into a highly respected corporate title holder.
Using the management skills provided by the game, he/she must turn his/her fledgling corporation (会社 kaisha) into a profitable super corporation. Created by Koei, the game was geared towards Japanese business students in high school, college, and university. Literacy in the Japanese language is required in addition to advanced arthimetic skills. Famicom Top Management features abstract art that serves as the game's graphics.The game is mostly text-based and players can choose between five major electronics companies to play as (IBM, Fujitsu, Toshiba, Sharp, and NEC). Like most business games, bankruptcy ends the game with a game over.
Source: Wikipedia, "Famicom Top Management", available under the CC-BY-SA License.
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Sermon delivered by Rev Sydney Maitland on Sunday 22 November, 2015.
Daniel 7: 9-10; 13-14
Thrones set in place – an Ancient of Days took His throne — The court sat in judgment and the books were opened. [Watched as proud words were spoken by the horn – watched until the beast was slain – the dominion of the beasts were taken away.] Watched one like the Son of Man, came to the Ancient of Days, was given dominion, glory, kingship, that all peoples, nations and languages should serve Him.
Revelation 1: 4b-8
Jesus Christ, faithful witness, firstborn from the dead, ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and freed us from our sins by His blood and made us a kingdom, priests serving His God and Father. He is coming with the clouds; every eye shall see Him. I am the Alpha and Omega, who is and was and is to come, the Almighty.
John 18: 33 – 37
Are you king of the Jews? My kingdom is not of this world. If it were My followers would fight. So you are a king? You say so. For this I was born – to testify to the truth. [What is truth?]
The barbarity with which some observe their supposed holy day never ceases to amaze me, and we have regularly seen our Fridays marked by more and more extravagant orgies of bloodletting in support of the supposed advent of an end of age ruler or prophet.
Yet Jesus’ own warnings of the end of times told of a variety of social and political and natural disasters which would add up to a recipe for worldwide chaos: morally, socially, culturally and politically.
It would be a time of violence and of dislocation: but this was not the end. It might portend the coming of a global ruler of unprecedented mass appeal and of unparalleled destructiveness but even this would not be the end.
In one sense the end would be a new beginning for Jesus was also insistent that He would come again, this time in glory and as f ruler and judge. No more Mr Meek and Mild Guy. Now it would be to judge the world, and to vindicate those whose hearts and lives had already been committed to Him in faith and at a time when faith was the currency of the spiritual and the religious life.
To live by what could be seen and heard and tested was never going to be a life of faith, but of proofs of various kinds. The life of faith however would be vested in what we have known within our hearts, what we had learned in the scriptures and how these had been nurtured in the sacraments.
It would be the life of the Body of Christ, itself fed and nurtured by Jesus Christ in the power and the presence of the Holy Spirit.
And the Holy Spirit might be everywhere but He was never going to be apart from Jesus and hence from the body of His believers.
This therefore is the faith which we proclaim Sunday by Sunday as we say in the creed that he shall come again to judge the living and the dead.
There is however another way in which we understand the celebration of Christ the King, for it is placed at the end of the period of Sundays after Trinity and before the beginning of Advent.
We now prepare to celebrate the birth of Jesus in the stable of Bethlehem and to rejoice in how God took the form of a baby.
We mark how, not holding to the splendours of heaven but obeying the bonds of love, to the extent of dying on the cross, God stretched Himself across His creation by coming to us in the person of Jesus Christ. And so we are looking both backwards at what God has done and forwards at what is yet to come.
But we are doing so at the dead end of the year, when we have already celebrated the Feast of All Saints, and marked the time All Souls, while being perhaps even more intimately connected with those who mourn those who have died for their country in war.
At the time when even the days have grown darker with the changing of the clocks, we are now to turn our minds and hearts to the light, when we shall begin to light the Advent Wreath, and bend out thoughts to the Man born to be King.
At Christ the King, however, we are looking at the kingship that is already there, waiting for the days to be fulfilled when He shall indeed claim His kingdom. This is a time when we may dare to celebrate that which has been promised and which is yet to be delivered.
It all gives us a sense of perspective as we see the unfolding of global events. We certainly have no desire to see poverty or war or riot or terrorist actions. And we may certainly work to avoid them where possible and to moderate them where necessary.
Yet we also see them within a wider context, first of the global disobedience to the will of God which is the character of our sinful state, but second in the context of the love of God already poured out for us and over us.
We may also see them in the context of how we may seek to bring mercy to the afflicted and comfort to those who grieve or are stressed or are in sorrow, for the Christian message is always that there remains a glorious hope that not only waits for us in the coming of the Kingdom, but which is also made visible in the lives and actions of those who follow Jesus.
In this sense, the feast of Christ the King is a time for noting the darkness but of celebrating the light. It is a time for standing on what God has already done in the expectation that the best is yet to come.
It is a time for encouraging one another, bearing burdens, sharing sorrows, relieving want, offering aid and support and comfort.
It is also a time when we may yet learn that we are never alone, not in the face of the Lord Jesus Christ and hence, we must never be alone in each other’s presence either.
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Dose response severity functions for acoustic disturbance in cetaceans using recurrent event survival analysis
MetadataShow full item record
Behavioral response studies (BRSs) aim to enhance our understanding of the behavior changes made by animals in response to specific exposure levels of different stimuli, often presented in an increasing dosage. Here, we focus on BRSs that aim to understand behavioral responses of free-ranging whales and dolphins to manmade acoustic signals (although the methods are applicable more generally). One desired outcome of these studies is dose-response functions relevant to different species, signals and contexts. We adapted and applied recurrent event survival analysis (Cox proportional hazard models) to data from the 3S BRS project, where multiple behavioral responses of different severities had been observed per experimental exposure and per individual based upon expert scoring. We included species, signal type, exposure number and behavioral state prior to exposure as potential covariates. The best model included all main effect terms, with the exception of exposure number, as well as two interaction terms. The interactions between signal and behavioral state, and between species and behavioral state highlighted that the sensitivity of animals to different signal types (a 6–7 kHz upsweep sonar signal [MFAS] or a 1–2 kHz upsweep sonar signal [LFAS]) depended on their behavioral state (feeding or nonfeeding), and this differed across species. Of the three species included in this analysis (sperm whale [Physeter macrocephalus], killer whale [Orcinus orca] and long-finned pilot whale [Globicephala melas]), killer whales were consistently the most likely to exhibit behavioral responses to naval sonar exposure. We conclude that recurrent event survival analysis provides an effective framework for fitting dose-response severity functions to data from behavioral response studies. It can provide outputs that can help government and industry to evaluate the potential impacts of anthropogenic sound production in the ocean.
Harris , C M , Sadykova , D , De Ruiter , S L , Tyack , P L , Miller , P , Kvadsheim , P , Lam , F-P & Thomas , L 2015 , ' Dose response severity functions for acoustic disturbance in cetaceans using recurrent event survival analysis ' Ecosphere , vol 6 , no. 11 , 236 . DOI: 10.1890/ES15-00242.1
© 2015 Harris et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
- University of St Andrews Research
- Biology Research
- Mathematics & Statistics Research
- Statistics Research
- Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling (CREEM) Research
- Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution Research
- Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences Research
- NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU) Research
- Scottish Oceans Institute Research
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.
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I Can't Wait!
First Sunday of Advent
from the book
Humming Till The Music Returns
Second Lesson Sermons For Advent/Christmas/Epiphany
1 Corinthians 1:3-9
Click here for more details.
Novelist Irwin Shaw was once taking a meal at a fancy French restaurant. Service seemed unusually slow. There were only a few waiters lingering around, and none of them came to his table. Finally the maitre d' recognized him and came over to say hello. He also informed Shaw that snails were the house specialty.
"I know," said Shaw. "And I see that you have them dressed up as waiters!"
Waiting is hard work. Our daughters tell us that all the time: "I can't wait! I can't wait for Christmas to come! I can't wait until we open our presents!"
Most of us have had that experience along the way. John Timmerman, former professor of English at Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, said that when he was a boy there was one room in the house that never got heated during the winter. It was too big and much too far away from the furnace. The family never used it except at ...
This First Sunday of Advent sermon, I Can't Wait!, is based on 1 Corinthians 1:3-9 and relates to First Sunday of Advent of Cycle B of the lectionary. This sermon is excerpted from the book Humming Till The Music Returns . SermonSuite offers online sermons and professionally published sermons, lectionary sermons, non-lectionary sermons, children's sermons, sermon illustrations, worship resources, preaching resources, sermons on prayer, prayers, Christian drama, lectionary worship, lectionary workbooks and homilies. ...
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SAN ANTONIO -- Lifestyle factors -- including dietary intake, physical activity levels, and treadmill time -- were not predictive of weight regain from 2 to 6 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, researchers found.
Instead, a nonmodifiable factor -- resting energy expenditure -- was the strongest predictor, with a higher expenditure associated with less regain (P=0.0012), according to Lance Davidson, PhD, of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City.
- This study was published as an abstract and presented at a conference. These data and conclusions should be considered to be preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.
- Note that in this prospective study none of the evaluated lifestyle measures (diet, physical activity or fitness) at 2 years after surgery predicted 6-year weight change. However, fat free mass and resting energy expenditure were related to weight regain after adjustment for initial weight loss, age, and sex.
He called the results surprising during his presentation at the Obesity Society meeting here.
"Attempts to prevent regain through lifestyle means -- diet or exercise -- may be difficult, possibly due to a reduced metabolic rate in some patients," he said. "More intensive intervention may be necessary for long-term weight maintenance."
Davidson and his colleagues explored the factors associated with weight regain after gastric bypass surgery using data from the prospective Utah Obesity Study. The current analysis included 140 patients who completed all of the assessments at baseline and at 2 and 6 years after the operation. Similar to the larger study population, the subset was 80% female and 88% white, with a mean age of 46.3.
Weight was measured at each time point, and at 2 years, body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance, resting energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry, and treadmill testing was performed. The patients also completed questionnaires on diet and physical activity levels.
From baseline to 2 years, weight declined from 134.4 kilograms (296 pounds) to 85.6 kilograms (189 pounds). The decline in fat mass was greater than the decline in fat free mass.
As expected with that amount of weight loss, the resting energy expenditure dropped from 2,201 kilocalories per day to 1,736 kcal/day.
Dietary intake also fell from 2,085 to 1,638 kcal/day.
Self-reported physical activity increased after the surgery, although the percentage who met criteria for being physically active went from only 23% to 34%.
The patients were able to spend more time on the treadmill by 2 years (863 versus 581 seconds).
The amount of weight lost during the first two years after surgery represented 36% of the patients' initial body weight. That was largely sustained through 6 years, at which point the average percentage of initial weight lost was 29%.
The researchers examined three lifestyle factors -- dietary intake, physical activity levels, and treadmill time -- and two nonmodifiable factors -- fat free mass and resting energy expenditure -- as possible predictors of weight regain from 2 to 6 years after the surgery.
The three lifestyle factors were not significantly associated with weight regain, whereas both fat free mass and resting energy expenditure were related after adjustment for initial weight loss, age, and sex.
"Maybe we need to work a little harder in order to overcome the effects of resting energy expenditure change and maybe our interventions need to a be a little bit stronger," Davidson said.
He acknowledged some limitations of the study, including the use of self-reported diet and physical activity information, which is subject to inaccurate reporting, particularly in severely obese individuals.
Davison reported that he had no conflicts of interest.
The Obesity Society
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Distance from Assam to Samthar
Distance from Assam to Samthar is 1,404 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 872 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Assam and Samthar is 1,404 km= 872 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Assam to Samthar, It takes 1.56 hours to arrive.
Assam is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||26° 12´ 2.1600'' N |
92° 56´ 15.2880'' E
Assam Distances to Cities
|Distance from Assam to Andaman And Nicobar Islands||1,601 km|
|Distance from Assam to Mumbai||2,204 km|
|Distance from Assam to Bangalore||2,172 km|
|Distance from Assam to Ooty||2,364 km|
|Distance from Assam to Uttarakhand||1,432 km|
Samthar is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||25° 50´ 35.9160'' N |
78° 54´ 20.9520'' E
Samthar Distances to Cities
|Distance from Samthar to New Delhi||351 km|
|Distance from Samthar to Revelganj||575 km|
|Distance from Samthar to Bikramganj||542 km|
|Distance from Samthar to Charkhi Dadri||401 km|
|Distance from Samthar to Diu||989 km|
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Boothbay Harbor, ME, hatchery, stripping lobster and spawning flat fish.
Image ID: fish7179, NOAA's Historic Fisheries Collection
Location: Maine, Boothbay Harbor
Photographer: Archival Photographer Stefan Claesson
Credit: Gulf of Maine Cod Project, NOAA National Marine Sanctuaries; Courtesy of National Archives
Category: Historic Fisheries/Northeast Maine/
• High Resolution Photo Available
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“Research on chimpanzees is contentious, expensive, and of increasingly limited necessity,” wrote medical researchers in a piece titled “Guiding limited use of chimpanzees in research” published last week in the journal Science .
It's not true that aesthetics must be be compromised for meaning. I visited the excellent Infinite Balance: Artists and the Environment show at San Diego's Museum of Photographic Arts earlier this week, which features the shortlist for the Prix Pictet contest, the world’s top (and only?
One in every six species related to characters in the movie Finding Nemo is threatened by extinction, according to a new study out today. The authors examined the extinction risk of 1,568 species within 16 families of well-known marine animals represented in the 2003 Academy Award-winning animated film.All species of marine turtles (“Squirt” and “Crush”) and more than half of all hammerhead sharks (“Anchor”), mackerel sharks (“Bruce” and “Chum”), and eagle rays (“Mr.
We cannot ignore the past, and to remind us of this, the present has yielded a refreshing and essential perspective on marine science in the new book Shifting Baselines: The Past and Future of Ocean Fisheries.
Today the New York Times put out their list of the top ten books of 2011. Among them, Nobel-prize winning psychologist Daniel Kahneman’s Thinking Fast and Slow, which is a remarkable read about how the human mind works and necessary material for anyone, anywhere, period.
Male fiddler crabs ( Uca annulipes ) try to get the ladies by waving their one big claw. Females prefer fast wavers, which is a lot of work (see some examples in the videos below).
Some people, like Joe Romm, want more coverage on climate change. For me, climate change is one of those subjects that I actually try to ignore. I am often silently thankful that I do not have to stare at a headline about one of the most crushing subjects of our time in the morning.
We call it 'trick or treat' but we all know the chances are much higher of getting treats on Halloween night. Similarly, it seems that scientists have a higher probability of publishing research about reward rather than research about punishment.I queried 'reward' and 'punishment' in the following databases of academic literature: Google Scholar, Scirus, Web of Science, SpringerLink, Ingenta, the journal Science, the journal Nature, and JSTOR.
STAFFBehind the scenes at Scientific AmericanRead
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Exploring the human condition.Read
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A Blog About the Weird Wonderfulness of Life on EarthRead
Exploring and celebrating diversity in science.Read
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Word Craze Eight legged arthropod typically living in webs that they create Answer
This is a question that has appeared on Word Craze on Level 176.
Answers of the question: Eight legged arthropod typically living in webs that they create might change as the game updates and a new answer becomes the solution of the level. If you notice an outdated or missing answer please please write a comment down below and we will replay the game to add the correct solution. We’ll add it in a timely matter.
For other Word Craze Level 176 Answers open the previous link.All the levels are solved.
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In the midst of the protests and the panic, New York, famously diverse, famously vocal, has stood strong in the wake of what, to many New Yorkers, was a disheartening election. Though President-elect Donald Trump has written off the wave of people using their voice as "professional protesters, incited by the media," and calling them "very unfair," it does seem that there's at least one leader who has the backs of those in opposition to hate speech, bigotry, and dangerous rhetoric. In a letter posted to his Facebook page on Saturday, Governor Andrew Cuomo assured the residents of New York State that none of these threats will fly. At least not here.
His full statement:
The state of New York has a proud legacy as the progressive capital of the nation, and that is more important today than ever before.
As New Yorkers, we have fundamentally different philosophies than what Donald Trump laid out in his campaign.
So let me be absolutely clear: If anyone feels that they are under attack, I want them to know that the state of New York – the state that has the Statue of Liberty in its harbor – is their refuge.
Whether you are gay or straight, Muslim or Christian, rich or poor, black or white or brown, we respect all people in the state of New York.
It's the very core of what we believe and who we are. But it's not just what we say, we passed laws that reflect it, and we will continue to do so, no matter what happens nationally. We won’t allow a federal government that attacks immigrants to do so in our state.
We are a state of immigrants.
We are the state that raised the minimum wage to $15.
We are the state that passed Paid Family Leave.
We are the state that passed marriage equality.
We are New York, and we will stand up for you. And on that, I will never compromise.
Count on it.
Well, the Statue of Liberty is letting out a sigh of relief. Now, about the rest of the country...
[Photo via Twitter]
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<urn:uuid:50a191c2-1f82-4a0d-b2cc-4be64992524c>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://guestofaguest.com/new-york/politics/well-at-least-new-yorks-governor-andrew-cuomo-has-our-backs
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en
| 0.969636
| 432
| 1.617188
| 2
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Ok seriously go over and check out this Titus Kaphar site. It's ok, I'll wait.
Isn't it great? I'm a little slow to get on the bandwagon on this one but I am a huge fan of this artists work.
"Contemporary artist Titus Kaphar makes oil-on-canvas copies of European and American portrait paintings from the 18th and 19th centuries and reconfigures them in strategic ways to create a dialogue about race, art and representation. His work is at once beautiful and halting as he dances between fictional narrative and history.
A graduate of Yale University, Kaphar makes work that is a timely display of what he sees as an alternative history. He sees his work as "the first sentence in a longer paragraph that the viewer completes." Engaging history through 18th- to 20th-century European and American paintings by noted figures including Édouard Manet and William Blake, Titus places race and social issues front and center."
-From The Seattle Art Museum's website
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<urn:uuid:9b5472ec-223d-42f5-ac11-a0fffa58c413>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://rightsomegood.blogspot.com/2009/06/titus-kaphar.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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| 0.967136
| 212
| 1.546875
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I don't have dbus, hal installed. In /usr/local/bin/ is dbus-daemon which sometimes is on but I dn't know why and which application called it. Okay, I see now...
I ran GIMP at this moment and:
ps -A | grep dbus
1310 ?? S 0:00.00 dbus-launch --autolaunch a337460d0873b5bf3ffd9c6f480c
1311 ?? Ss 0:00.01 /usr/local/bin/dbus-daemon --fork --print-pid 5 --pri
Is it "must" that each Gnome app call a daemon, please or it is possible to stopped this?
Thanks a lot.
> cat /usr/ports/devel/dbus/pkg-descr
D-BUS supplies both a system daemon (for events such as "new hardware device
added" or "printer queue changed") and a per-user-login-session daemon (for
general IPC needs among user applications). Also, the message bus is built on
top of a general one-to-one message passing framework, which can be used by
any two apps to communicate directly (without going through the message bus
You can delete dbus (if you really want) but programs that depends on it may do something stupid/dumb ....
If using a full kde session, you probably will want dbus on.
Thou shalt check the array bounds of all strings (indeed, all arrays), for surely where thou typest ``foo'' someone someday shall type ``supercalifragilisticexpialidocious''.
|Thread||Thread Starter||Forum||Replies||Last Post|
|Run daemon as other user than root||phreud||FreeBSD General||8||11th November 2008 04:11 AM|
|problem concerning liboobs and dbus-glib-1||neurosis||FreeBSD Ports and Packages||3||15th October 2008 01:12 PM|
|Daemon Process not starting on boot||map7||FreeBSD General||4||11th September 2008 04:24 PM|
|MySQL 5.1 install - daemon crashes||zeltus||FreeBSD General||1||25th May 2008 08:39 AM|
|How can I start xscreensaver daemon at boot||rex||FreeBSD General||7||15th May 2008 02:34 PM|
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<urn:uuid:56085f97-6f0b-4f69-975f-445a0c651015>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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http://daemonforums.org/showthread.php?t=2062
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.792218
| 532
| 1.617188
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Rao, G Sudhakara (1993) An appraisal of the fishery of Metapenaeus monoceros along the Kakinada coast. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India, 35 (1&2). pp. 57-73.
An analysis of the data for the lZyeer period 1967 to 1978, showed a -dual increast in the effort of trawlera from 1967. Metape~wcw mmcer09 fodng about 12 % of the pram IaIIdinp is an important mmponent of the trawler catcbs. The fishery is generally better during Jmrrary-May thrra in the ofher months. Tha landings of M. nmrrwsros gradually increased from 20.3 t In 1961 to 485.6 t in 1974 and then fluctuated thereafter. Catch per how (CPH) varied between 1.0 kg in 1961 to 0.4 kg in 1978. The CPH mom or less gmduaHy Mined fram 1974 to 1978. The proportion of adults, patticularly one-year olds, in the catch- gradually declined during the 19741977 period. These two factors indicate that the stock is at the threshold love1 of optimumexploitation. A negative wdation between the CPH of M. m m u o s in trawler catch- of an and the rainfall of the previous year i s notbd. There appears to be a positive wmlation betwean the CPH of M. mmeros in trawler catch= of one-year and the d B of M, g . o s in atuarine catches of the previous year. Based on the estuarine h l w y it i s possible to predict the a h - of M. utonmros in the idore waters 5-6 months in advance of the main Ming season.
|Uncontrolled Keywords:||Metapenaeus monoceros; Kakinada|
|Subjects:||Crustacean Fisheries > Prawn and Prawn fisheries|
|Divisions:||CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Crustacean Fisheries
Subject Area > CMFRI Brochures > CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Crustacean Fisheries
CMFRI-Kochi > Marine Capture > Crustacean Fisheries
|Depositing User:||Geetha P Mrs|
|Date Deposited:||02 Jun 2010 04:34|
|Last Modified:||09 Sep 2015 15:08|
Actions (login required)
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<urn:uuid:983f34b7-cb3f-4c91-b8bb-0c966df8ebc3>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://eprints.cmfri.org.in/756/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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| 0.777341
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| 1.75
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Plenty has already been written on why Barack Obama didn't really deserve to win the Nobel peace prize, and in general I agree with it. But one thing that bothers me – and I'll confess here that my views on foreign policy are strongly non-interventionist – is that people seem to be labouring under the delusion that Obama is some kind of pacifist. He isn't. Sure, he rose to fame and political fortune as an opponent of the Iraq war. And yes, he did initially promise to withdraw American troops from Iraq and close Guantanamo Bay as soon as he became president. But he hasn't done those things.
As Cato's Jason Kuznicki points out, the withdrawal from Iraq has been delayed and partial, and is now described by the White House as "complicated". Meanwhile, the Bush administration's policies on detention and rendition have remained largely intact. Obama might have railed against the executive powers the Bush administration invented for itself when he was a presidential candidate, but now he's in the Oval Office he seems to like them. It is also worth noting that Obama is considering sending 60,000 additional troops to Afghanistan, to fight a war with unclear objectives and little real prospect of success. Again, that hardly strikes me as a peaceful act.
Of course, you can't really blame the Nobel prize committee for not realizing Obama wouldn't stick to his promises, can you? After all, he had only been president for 12 days when nominations closed.
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<urn:uuid:7627e1de-cfd0-4694-9aa3-748e0273bd88>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.adamsmith.org/blog/international/what-has-obama-done-for-peace/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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Hole & Corner is a lovely shop in Bruton, Somerset, selling handmade products and furniture made by skilled craftsfolk. They run workshops and also produce this wonderful indie biannual mag celebrating skilled craftspeople and their work.
Issue 23 Nurture
From the publisher:
In this world of over-production and the dominant culture of growth for the sake of profits and not much else, in our new issue, we have turned our attention to the idea of slow and careful nurture. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, nurture is ‘the process of bringing up or training.’ It is also about feeding and offering nourishment.
For issue 23 ofHole & Cornermagazine, we explore many forms of nurture, and the results of it]. Jude Rogers joins the International Musicians Seminar (IMS) in Cornwall to witness their fiftieth gathering of different generations of musicians and maestri alongside a team of dedicated volunteers, who come together to lose themselves in music and learn from each other. We spend a day on a Kentish farm where flocks of Merino and Romney sheep are reared alongside a flower garden in a pilot project where yarn and dyes are grown from the same soil. At Marchmont House in the Scottish Borders, local makers and apprentices are given space and a community in which to thrive, and we find an artist who builds layer upon layer of pigment to create extraordinary surfaces that positively vibrate. We pause to plant the tiniest of seeds and see what will grow, and we meet a cohort of metalsmith, wire artist, cabinet maker and weaver, then a sculptor who works with lichen and eelgrass – each hammering, chiselling, weaving, moulding and honing their chosen materials into something precious and unique.
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<urn:uuid:9abd4a10-97c7-46cc-8371-2197fcd052f8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://picsandink.com/products/hole-corner-issue-23-nurture
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz
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en
| 0.941983
| 367
| 1.515625
| 2
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Study abroad in Spanish
Augustana encourages all students of Spanish to travel, to explore new cultures and to use their language skills to engage with people through international study. Without the type of cultural immersion opportunities that foreign study provides, language learning is only a shell of what it can be, a transformative growth experence. International study is a vital tool towards both cultural comprehension and linguistic proficiency for any student of world languages. For this reason Augustana College and the Department of Spanish offer numerous ways for its students to travel and study in both Spain and Latin America.
Summer Spanish in the Andes
The Augustana Summer Spanish Program in the Andes is actually two programs, a 10-week language immersion program June through August with courses at all levels of Spanish, and a 5-week intensive language program for students at the Advanced level who are eligible for literature or culture & civilization coursework. In both programs Students live with families while attending classes at the Center for Inter-American Studies (CEDEI) in Cuenca, Ecuador. Augustana students earn 3 or 6 credits in the 5-week program or 9 credits (a year of Spanish) in the 10-week program. This popular program has been running for over 25 years, providing students not only college courses but also life-altering experiences. In addition to their coursework, students on the program participate in several one-day and multiple day excursions (both programs) and the 10-week program participants also experience a 10-day trip to Peru, where they visit, Lima, Cusco and the famed lost city of Machu Picchu.
Affiliated winter-spring program in Sevilla, Spain
For advanced students of Spanish the college has developed an affiliation with the Center for Cross-Cultural Study in Sevilla, Spain. This program allows students to earn credit for two full trimesters, including coursework in fields as diverse as Business, Art History, Sociology and Political Science in addition to Spanish, while attending classes from January through May in the heart of Andalucía. The Sevilla program places students with families for their time in Spain, enriching the classroom learning with family life and social interaction.
Short-term service learning programs
In addition to regularly offered language and cultural immersion programs, Augustana faculty have developed and continue to develop new short-term opportunities for students to spend up to 3 weeks in Latin America on service learning programs. Each year groups of Biology majors spend time working on medical service programs in Nicaragua, either during Spring Break or during the summer. Students in Pscychology will also be traveling to Central America on a program in Child Development to include service learning in Guatemala. For more information on these or other developing short-term programs, contact the Office of International Programs.
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<urn:uuid:d5d4dd24-df9f-4474-aaf4-4230a9efbe9e>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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http://www.augustana.edu/academics/majors--areas-of-study/spanish/international-study
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en
| 0.936501
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| 1.523438
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Medical health insurance like most insurance policies can be quite confusing, especially if you are a first time policyholder. With so many companies offering different health insurance packages it is important that you understand what each policy covers and what is excluded.
There are 2 different methods of application that anyone looking for personal health insurance must be aware of. These are Full Medical Underwriting (FMU) and Moratorium (MOR).
Underwriting in relation to health insurance basically involves the disclosure of certain information to an insurance company which they can then access to decide when pre-existing conditions should be excluded from cover. With some policies you will be required to complete an application form that details your full medical history where as with a moratorium policy your medical history will only become an issue at the point you need to make a claim.
Policies requiring a medical history declaration, or full medical underwriting, require the applicant to complete an application form that details the full medical history for each applicant. Private health insurance companies consult an applicant's GP in order to verify conditions or to investigate an applicant's medical history further. Having submitted your medical history a decision will be made by the health insurance company as to whether or not they will cover any previous medical conditions.
The rules surrounding your 'Duty of Disclosure' when applying for personal health insurance are quite strict. It is your duty to disclose any fact or circumstance about your health that is known to you at your time of application. The main reason behind this disclosure is to identify if you have any pre-existing conditions that will be excluded from treatment from your health insurance policy.
Most health insurance providers will not pay benefits for any conditions that you have been treated for in the past or have arranged treatment for prior to taking out your medical insurance policy. This also includes any chronic conditions that have been diagnosed before the health insurance policy was granted. If you fail to disclose details of any illness at the start of your health insurance application then you could be denied a future claim or your personal health insurance could be deemed invalid.
Some health insurance providers may agree to cover pre-existing conditions in exchange for additional premiums, but this will depend entirely upon the condition in question and its severity, how long you have had it and what treatment you have had or are still having for that condition. Again, each health insurance company is different with different policies so make sure you always do your homework with regards to what is and what is not included.
If you opt for a policy that requires full medical underwriting then all your medical history will be available to your insurers up front enabling them to make an informed judgement before confirming your policy. A moratorium policy is however a little bit different as this type of application process does not require disclosure of medical history when joining. Instead any illness is assessed at the point of making a claim.
With moratorium you do not need to fill in a health questionnaire. Instead, pre-existing conditions for which you (and any dependant included in your application) have received treatment and/or medication, or asked advice on, or had symptoms of (whether or not diagnosed), during the five years immediately before your private health insurance cover started will automatically be excluded from cover.
However, if you do not have any symptoms, treatment, medication, or advice for those pre-existing conditions, and any directly related conditions, for two continuous years after your policy starts, then insurers may reinstate cover for those conditions.
When choosing a personal health insurance provider it is vital that you understand the differences between policies and which one is best suited to you and your family. With any insurance company though it is always better to be honest from the outset to avoid any disappointment or hefty medical bills further down the line. With Full Medical Underwriting the boundaries are perhaps clearer as everything will be documented from the outset and assessed by your insurer before the policy is approved leaving you with a clear understanding of exactly what your personal health insurance covers you for.
C.S. Health Care
Kingston Upon Thames
0800 917 4325
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<urn:uuid:b1dc1fb3-c86d-4119-8daf-95a2aa26012b>
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CC-MAIN-2017-04
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https://www.disabled-world.com/artman/publish/medical-underwriting.shtml
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00314-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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en
| 0.961976
| 815
| 2.0625
| 2
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Countless are the times that we go out seeking a new piece to add to our collection of jewelry. While some may be more than comfortable navigating their way through the process of searching for and purchasing that fabulous new item, others would say that “intimidating” is an understatement. In an effort to help ease the pain of walking through the door and to boost confidence in your next purchase, here is a brief overview of Art Nouveau and Art Deco…
Art nouveau emerged in Paris at the time of the Industrial Revolution and was boosted into global popularity, which lasted until the end of World War I in 1915. This new art form was highly innovative for its time and attributed to redefining the jeweler as an artist rather than a craftsman.
The brilliance of the artist exuding from each piece from this era perfectly encompasses the inspiration they gained from nature. Like sculptures and glass art from this period, brooches, pendants, earrings, and rings transitioned from the everyday single stone setting into elaborately adorned dragonflies, butterflies, birds, women and flowers, holding no true symmetry. Only the flow and curvature of the aforementioned were what drove the artist to create the powerful designs that we are once again holding in high regard.
Many of the artists during this time were also inspired by Japanese artwork, allowing for a great display of traditional fans to transpire into bold brooches as well. Additionally, artists began working with different natural materials such as horns and glass in lieu of the traditional metal and stone/gem jewelry.
Art deco emerged around the end of World War I, which was also the tail end of art nouveau and the Edwardian period, giving jewelry a more modernist approach. Art deco would hold its popularity in all aspects of art and architecture until around 1935, when many of the on-setting conflicts of World War II began.
During this 20-year span, buildings, artwork and jewelry were being produced with concise symmetry, which also entailed detailed or simple geometric designs. More often than not the pieces included bold, diverse color with intricate abstract designs, which is attributed to the artwork and jewelry of indigenous peoples. The opening of King Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922, for example, prompted Egyptian inspired art deco items such as scarab and miniature sarcophagus. In addition to ancient Egyptians, Native American, Aztec, ancient Greeks and Romans also inspired artists during the art deco period. Drawing from these different cultures and eras helped make art deco incredibly diverse in designs and colors.
Many of the materials being used were once again metals and vibrant stones such as stainless steel and chrome that were then molded into clean lined shapes, abandoning the flowy, billowing curves that is art nouveau.
To get a better grasp and view the equally differing yet beautifully mastered styles, stop by any of the four Bellevue Rare Coins locations during operating hours. We have staff that is passionate and knowledgeable on pieces from these times.
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<urn:uuid:b94ca479-71d4-4ef1-b755-6c00e9a84928>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.bellevuerarecoins.com/art-nouveau-vs-art-deco-dipping-toes-jewelry-novice/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00271.warc.gz
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en
| 0.965036
| 618
| 2.671875
| 3
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Technology has permeated every sector of the economy. We can feel the impact in our everyday lives as people now spend less time and effort handling tasks. Brands and individuals leverage big data to predict trends.
Tech solutions can also serve as a reliable source of real-time information. For instance, it’s common for online users to leverage the internet when searching for real estate for sale in Whistler. More so, they can take a virtual tour of apartments to narrow down their options.
Keeping fit is crucial to healthy living, and this doesn’t stop at engaging in physical activities. It’s imperative to take other steps to live a healthy life.
Medical experts have been relying on technology to improve health even before the pandemic. Tech solutions for enhancing health are the rave of the moment. Different gadgets for boosting one’s metabolism, improving sleep, speeding up the recovery process, to mention a few now exist.
Nevertheless, we can’t ignore the fact that technology is playing a major role in how some individuals adopt a sedentary lifestyle. The work-from-home culture is making a lot of people spend more time indoors. Sadly, most of them lack the willpower to stick to a workout routine.
That said, technology can also proffer lasting solutions for keeping fit and leading a healthy lifestyle in the following ways.
Free and easy access to health resources
Technology has transformed how we communicate with others over the years. Distance is no longer an issue with the proliferation of smartphones and other digital devices.
Brands of all sizes use technology solutions to improve collaboration among team members, which will ultimately have a great impact on their bottom line.
Online visitors want to get information when and where they need it. There are a plethora of websites that create health content, and some of them have a social media presence too. All you need is a smartphone and a stable internet connection to have access to health information in this era. This often eliminates the need to hire personal trainers whose services will likely be expensive.
Engaging video guides
Digital marketers rarely undermine the importance of videos in their content marketing strategy. This is because people tend to pay rapt attention to video content compared to other formats.
After gathering information and downloading a few mobile apps, you can also get video guides to spruce up your workout routine. Such resources are usually produced by experts, so you’ll get similar results if you choose to work with a personal trainer instead.
Video guides can be replaced with video games to encourage players to participate actively in sporting activities.
Monitoring your progress
It’s easy to lose steam when you exercise without any form of motivation. This is why people are often advised to track their progress. Try to invest in the right gadgets for monitoring your progress.
One way to get the best is to read unbiased reviews online and check the benefits and features of each product before making a purchase. A gadget can come in handy to calculate the distance you cover after running or walking. They can also offer calorie and protein recommendations per meal.
The latest models are simple and will work seamlessly with your mobile devices. They can help you create and achieve milestones. Users also have the opportunity to share their progress in-app or on social media platforms. This is a surefire way to remain accountable and motivate others to be fit.
Intuitive workout apps
A lot of people relied on mobile apps during the pandemic since they couldn’t visit the gym. Apart from getting credible information on your smartphones, you can download workout apps to improve your fitness regime too. It doesn’t even matter if you’re just delving into exercising and you’re clueless about where to start.
The bottom line is to have clear goals from the onset and work towards them. These goals may include shedding extra pounds, gaining muscles, or maintaining a healthy weight. You’re bound to discover a customized workout plan that fits your needs.
The workout equipment we now have in most gyms is far more sophisticated. They are smarter than the ones we used in the last decade, and these types come with guides, which are straightforward even for people with zero experience. These pieces of equipment rely on AI to facilitate optimum performance and excellent user experience.
It’s safe to say that most of these inventions are already an intrinsic part of our lives. These ideas will help you to save money and make achieving your fitness goals a breeze.
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<urn:uuid:193bc708-af47-4360-aff3-3e2e274ff2e3>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.doncaprio.com/tech-solutions-to-help-you-get-more-exercise-in-your-day/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00273.warc.gz
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en
| 0.944794
| 913
| 2.234375
| 2
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Postdoc position in advanced data mining and analysis of marine plastic pollution
The amount of plastic in our ocean is growing rapidly, with estimates of more than 5 million metric tonnes of plastic reaching the ocean each year. This plastic infiltrates the ocean food web and thus poses a major threat to marine life. However, the understanding of the distribution, pathways and fate of plastic once in the ocean is very limited.
In the project ‘Tracking Of Plastics In Our Seas’ (TOPIOS), funded by the European Research Council, we will create a novel comprehensive modelling framework that simulates plastic movement through the ocean, and use that framework to significantly improve the understanding of the plastic pollution in our oceans.
You will work within the TOPIOS project, focusing specifically on data analysis of the distribution of plastic in the ocean. You will combine published data from the literature and public datasets with output from ocean circulation models, to help create a map of the three-dimensional distribution of plastic in our oceans. During the project, you will be involved in:
- automated processing of the literature to collate a database of observations of plastic in the ocean;
- analysis of the database using advanced statistics;
- together with others in the team, combining the observational data with numerical simulations;
- writing and presenting the results to scientific peers, the general public and the media.
At the end of the Postdoc project, you will have:
- a deep understanding of the scale of the problem of global plastic pollution;
- embedded yourself in the global community of scientists investigating marine plastic pollution;
- further developed your skills to communicate your scientific results to a wide audience.
Qualifications Our ideal candidate has a driven and collaborative spirit and:
- a PhD in Physics, Computer Science, Applied Mathematics or a similar field;
- experience with data mining and/or natural language processing;
- the ability to cooperate within a wider and interdisciplinary research team;
- an excellent level of written and spoken English.
Preferably you also have a proven affinity with physical oceanography and strong skills in python programming.
Closing date June 13, 2020
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<urn:uuid:16ab2d7c-418a-478f-911f-8065efea66f3>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.iapsoecs.org/2020-06-04-postdoc-utrecht/
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en
| 0.893529
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The $500.00 AAPL close: Manipulation or hedging? A quantitative analysis
Why do a market's prices move up or down? Claims about causes are made without actual information, and accepted or dismissed based upon poor or non-existent evidence. Here we investigate the price movements that ended with Apple stock closing at \$500.00 on January 18, 2013. There is a ready explanation for this price movement: market manipulation by those who sold stock options, who stood to directly benefit from this closing price. Indeed, one web commentator predicted this otherwise unlikely event publicly. This explanation was subsequently dismissed by press articles that claim that stock prices end near such round numbers based upon legitimate hedging activity. But how can we know? We show that the accepted model that points to hedging as the driving cause of prices is not quantitatively consistent with the price movement on that day. The price moved upward too quickly over a period in which the hedgers' position would require selling rather than buying. Under these conditions hedgers would have driven the price away from the strike price rather than toward it. We also show that a long published theory of the role of hedging is incomplete mathematically, and that the correct theory results in much weaker price movements. This evidence substantially weakens the case of those who claim hedging as cause of anomalous market price movements. The explanation that market manipulation is responsible for the final close cannot be dismissed based upon unsubstantiated, even invalid, hedging claims. Such proffered explanations shield potential illegal activity from further inquiry even though the claims behind those explanations have not been demonstrated.
When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:arx:papers:1402.0910. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.
For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (arXiv administrators)
If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form.
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<urn:uuid:2d1d8afa-48bb-45bb-bcf9-966e119f72d2>
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CC-MAIN-2016-44
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https://ideas.repec.org/p/arx/papers/1402.0910.html
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz
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| 0.945415
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If there was ever a vegetable that has suffered at the hands of an overwhelming lack of versatility the humble sprout would be it. Not only is the sprout usually just lobbed onto a plate simply steamed or boiled it is also often confined to just one meal a week or, prey, one meal a year. I mean, try to think back to a time when you ate sprouts as part of something other than a Sunday roast or Christmas dinner! It is as renowned for being disliked as it is for being a veg. Trump on toast. The culinary equivalent of Accrington Stanley on a plate!
But it really needn’t be. Brussels Sprouts have bags of potential as a daily veg like tomatoes, peppers or any of your other greens, you just have to think outside the box. Many people dislike tomatoes but would happily eat a pizza lathered with tomato sauce or a pasta dish in which the tomato is buried, and the same can be said of our lovely choux de Bruxelles.
The good news is that their unpopularity may actually be waning. A new study conducted by Mash Direct found new ‘trendy’ veg such as celeriac, avocado and kale are now ranked as the nation’s most hated veg, with sprouts dropping to fourth in the run-up to Christmas. What’s more, despite the huge variety now available, a third of adults said they stick to the same vegetables that their parents did, with the top ten favourite veg compiled of mostly old school varieties (Potato, Carrot, Peas, Tomato, Broccoli, Cucumber/salad leaves, Cabbage, Spring onions, Corn, Green/French beans).
From a health perspective, sprouts are also just as “super” as any of their fad equivalents. They have cholesterol-lowering benefits, fiber-related components, DNA protection and cancer protection thanks to four specific glucosinolates found in the cruciferous vegetable: glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin, sinigrin, and gluconasturtiian.
Here’s a recipe you might want to try out.
Brussels Sprouts Hash
Shred the brussels sprouts preferably in a food processor but can be grated.
Heat garlic and onion in a frying pan and add the diced bacon when browned.
Add the brussels sprouts and cook through. Season well.
Break up a handful of walnuts in a bag and add to the mix.
Add a boil egg and serve.
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Talk Focuses on NASA's Role in Chilean Miners' Rescue
HAMPTON, Va. -- In August 2010, it seemed like the whole world was watching as trapped copper miners survived deep beneath a Chilean desert. On October 13, a member of the NASA team asked to offer help watched their rescue.
On Tuesday, Jan. 11, at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Clint Cragg will present "Chilean Miner's Rescue, NASA Plays a Part," at 2 p.m. in the Reid Conference Center. Cragg, a member of NASA's Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) at NASA Langley was a member of the four-person NASA team invited to assist with the Chilean miners' rescue.
Media who wish to interview Cragg at a news briefing at NASA Langley at 1:15 p.m. Tuesday should contact Chris Rink at 864-6786 or by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.org by noon for credentials and entry to the center.
That evening, Cragg will present a similar talk for the general public at 7:30 p.m. at the Virginia Air & Space Center in downtown Hampton. The evening presentation is free and no reservations are required.
On Aug. 5, 2010, the San Jose Mine in northern Chile collapsed trapping 33 miners. Seventeen days later, all of the miners were found to be alive and the government of Chile asked for assistance from NASA. Cragg will discuss NASA's site visit, the situation at the mine at the time and the assistance NASA provided.
The miners endured more than two months in a tunnel 2,041 feet (622 m) below the surface in Chile's Atacama Desert.
Cragg, a 1978 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, began his military career in the submarine and naval nuclear power training program. His first assignment was the USS Sand Lance, a Sturgeon-class attack submarine. In 1984, he was assigned as the assistant engineer on the USS Trepang and followed that assignment with a tour as the ship's engineer on the USS Alabama. He reported to his first shore tour in 1990 at the Naval War College where he earned masters degrees in strategic studies and international relations.
Cragg did four separate overseas deployments as the executive officer of the USS Tunny and became commanding officer of USS Ohio in October 1996. After completing four strategic deterrent patrols, he was assigned as the Chief of Current Operations, US European Command. While in Europe he participated in a number of military operations including the wars in Kosovo, Afghanistan and Iraq. In 2003, Cragg joined NASA as a founding member of the NESC. As a principal engineer, he leads teams of engineers to solve some of NASA's toughest challenges.
For more information about NASA Langley's Colloquium and Sigma Series Lectures, visit:
NASA news releases are available automatically by sending an e-mail message to Langleyemail@example.com with the word "subscribe" in the subject line. You will receive an e-mail asking you to visit a link to confirm the action. To unsubscribe, send an e-mail message to Langleyfirstname.lastname@example.org with the word "unsubscribe" in the subject line.
- end -
text-only version of this release
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Bleeding gums is sign that your gums are not healthy. It is actually a response to bacterial biofilm (plaque) that, when left in contact with the gum tissues, causes the earliest form of gum disease (gingivitis). Because of improper brushing and flossing plaque gets accumulated near gums margin,as plaque contains bacteria it causes inflammation of gums. Plaque that is not removed may harden to tartar which is difficult to remove by brushing. If untreated gingivitis may progress to periodontitis which will result in loosening of teeth, receding gums, loss of jaw bone and a change in the way your teeth fit when you bite. So It is important not to ignore your bleeding gums.
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Purchase Pennsylvania 267 area code phone numbers for your business
The Pennsylvania area code 267 covers the City of Philadelphia as well as the eastern and northern parts of the Montgomery and Bucks Counties along with area code 215. It is home to many businesses focused on media, healthcare, manufacturing, science, social services, information technology, tourism, and retail. With a population of approximately 1,500,000 people and median household income of $204,341 per year, it is recognized as an attractive area for business.
Many of the companies in this area code can be found in Montgomery County, an area with several large business parks. The said county was given a triple A (AAA) credit rating by Standard & Poor’s due to its solid practices in financial management and overall economic strength. Among its top employers are Rohm and Haas Company, ABM Industries, Pfizer, and Motorola Mobility.
The city of Philadelphia is currently distinguishing itself in the field of biotechnology and is home to a number of Fortune 500 companies like Boeing Rotorcraft Systems and Sunoco Inc. This city is also known for its artifacts and historic landmarks such as the Liberty Bell, which attracts millions of tourists every year.
Parts of Bucks County, also a renowned tourist destination thanks to its ties to colonial history and its scenic farmland and landscapes, can also be found in this area code. Apart from historic parks and steam engine rides, it also supports developments like Peddler’s Village, a cultural area which further celebrates the area’s history with craft contests and other themed festivals that bring visitors to the area.
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Get a Pennsylvania 267 number for your business now! Use our tool located near the top of this page to get your new local phone number.
Looking for a non-local phone number option? Try a toll-free number for your business.
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All that is known is that this couple are the parents of Johann.
Maria Heinen (1766-1842)
Johann and Margaretha were married in Edingen, Germany. The marriage license is dated 28 December 1791.
They had two known children:
Katherina Phillips 1799-? Johan Phillips 1802-1868 m. Helena Haller
Johann Phillips (1802-1868)
Helena Haller (1812-?)
Johann was born in Edingen, Germany, in 1802. Helena was born in Irrel, Germany, just across the Rhine from Alsace-Loraine, France.
Johann spoke German and French equally well (and apparently English, too), and made his living as an interpreter and settler of minor border disputes on the bridge between the two countries. His son, John Henry could remember people coming to the house at night, getting his father out of bed to act as arbitrator of the latest altercation at the border.
There were four children, all born in Irrel, Germany:
Christian Phillips 1831-? m. Mary ? John Henry Phillips 1841-1919 m. Mary Raiza Anna Phillips 1845-? Theodorus Phillips 1850-?
Helena Haller is something of a mystery. The specialist in German genealogy at the LDS Library in Salt Lake City could find no record of her death on either side of the Atlantic. But her birth was recorded in the church in Irrel, Germany, December 4, 1812. Her maternal grandfather died the year her parents were married. When she was three her grandmother died. Her father died in January 1816 when she was four, and her other grandfather died then, as well.
She married Johann Phillips at age 17, when she had only her mother, Catharina Steins and her grandmother, Margaretha Bettig. The genealogist could not find death dates for them.
There is a mystery about Johann and Helena's departure for America. Johann seems to have left first, taking with him Christian and young John Henry. This left Helena behind in Germany with the two younger children.
The family history ends at that point, with no clues. One wonders if she and Johann had a parting of the ways in 1857. Perhaps a difference of opinion on the wisdom of the decision to leave Germany for America. Perhaps her mother had died and left her property in Germany that she was reluctant to abandon. But they were Catholic, and rather than split up the family she may have left with them for the New World. Perhaps she and the two youngsters died on the voyage and were buried at sea, which would explain the lack of a death record. If only someone had asked about this mystery!
At any rate, Johan emigrated to America in 1857, finding his way to New Buffalo, Michigan. It is not known what his work was there. Christian, his older son, was a shoe-maker and lived in New Buffalo all his life.
Johann died in 1868, which would be about the time his son John Henry and Mary left for
Pokagon. He is buried in Pine Lake Cemetery, New Buffalo. The location is Sec. 22, T 37, Center Township, LaPorte County.
John Henry Phillips (1841-1919)
Mary Raiza (1846-1930)
John Henry , born in Germany, came to America in 1857 when he was 16 years old. He came with his father Johann and his older brother Christian. They settled in New Buffalo, Michigan where he later married Mary Raiza.
On 28 March 1865, at age 24, John enlisted in the Union Army. His English was good, and he knew Morse code. He was in the 8th Michigan Calvary. The 8th existed from 1863 to the final muster in 1865. The total strength was 3,025 men. Its losses were 24 killed in action, 7 died of wounds, 290 died of disease.
Civil War veterans records at the National Archives in Washington DC have this physical description of him: 5 feet 5 inches height, 165 pounds, brown eyes, black hair, "brunette" complexion. The Civil War file contains all the letters written by his various sons in later years, trying to secure a Civil War pension for Mary Raiza Phillips. They finally succeeded.
John Henry was discharged from military service 22 Sep 1865. Shortly thereafter, he and Mary Raiza were married in the Catholic church in New Buffalo. Unfortunately, the church later burned down, destroying the records of the marriage and the birth records of their first eight children:
Elizabeth Phillips 1865-1954 m. Joseph Kibler William Phillips 1867-1935 m. Jessie Bowers Anna Phillips 1868-1960 m. John Hoover Frank Phillips 1870-1956 m. Laura McCleese George Phillips 1872-1942 m. Eva Lewis Charles Phillips 1874-1936 m. Blanche Garwood John Phillips 1877-1947 m. Zita Lanigan May Phillips 1879-1938 m. Roy Waterson Edward Phillips 1881-? m. Fern Robinson Maude Phillips 1883-? m. Fred Barrett Robert Phillips 1886-1951 m. Edna Smith Nina Phillips 1887-1980 m. Ford Lake Berna Phillips 1892-1979 m. Gervis Bair
After the war, John Henry returned to New Buffalo. He worked for the Michigan Central Railroad, appearing in the 1870 census as a clerk, and in 1880 as a freight agent, doubling as a telegrapher.
After 1880, he had a chance to be Station Master at Pokagon, Michigan but the family would have to move there. This must have been a hard decision for them, moving to a new town where they knew no one. But the real problem was the language. New Buffalo was a German-language community, where little English was spoken. But they did it. My grandmother remembered speaking German at first, "And then when I was seven and in school, all the German went out of my head". She said all the children were so embarrassed that their mother could not speak English. "When she'd call us to come in from playing, we wouldn't come unless she called our names in English."
At meals, the men and boys were always served first. The girls and their mother ate at second table. John Henry taught all the boys Morse code. At the table they would tap out messages to each other, even if it was just "pass the salt." He knew what he was doing; what a good way to keep the boys orderly, and setting an example for the girls!
In addition to being Station Master at Pokagon, John Henry became Postmaster, and had a general store and a hotel (which really meant they took in boarders.) These various enterprises provided jobs for the children growing up. Everyone clerked at the store for a time. And my grandma remembered waiting on table for the boarders. As they grew up, all the boys worked for the railroad for a time. In later years were all were successful in various enterprises.
John Henry applied for a pension in 1904, and it was eventually granted -- $25 a month at first, then raised to $40.
John was an exemplary citizen and a good man. Arriving in America as a new immigrant boy, he enlisted in the army during the Civil War. He became a naturalized citizen, and was a respected member of the community. He worked hard to support a family of thirteen children. His many ventures to earn a living were all successful. He became a member of the Board of Supervisors of Cass County. He was a Mason, as were all of his sons.
Elizabeth Phillips (1865-1954)
Joseph Kibler (1859-1935)
Thank you for visiting our family history.
You can click here to go back to the top of this family page.
Comments are welcome, and any additions or corrections are especially appreciated.
You can reach us at: email@example.com
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Part 5 out of 6
brought about the Renascence in Italy was the fashion that in successive
waves was passing over Europe and moulding the future. He himself felt
it, and welcomed it now as an authority not to be gainsaid, and again
as an example to be competed against and surpassed. This fashion, this
trend of opinion and hope, was the significance behind the effect
produced on him by Jacopo de' Barbari, whose charming but ineffectual
originality succeeded merely in creating an eddy in that stream. It was
the tide behind him which so powerfully stirred and stimulated Dürer.
The resemblances traceable between certain still life studies by the two
men, or even in figures of their engravings, is insignificant compared
with the fact that through Jacopo Dürer probably first felt the energy
and true direction of the great tidal waves which were then rolling
forth from Italy. Even Mantegna's influence was probably less the effect
of a personal affinity than that through him a power streamed direct
from the antique dawn. This great and master influence of those days was
more one of hope, indefinite, incomprehensible, visionary, than one of
knowledge and assured discovery. Raphael may have received it from
Dürer, as well as Dürer from Bellini. Figures and incidents from Dürer's
engravings are supposed to have been adapted in certain works, if not of
his own hand at least proceeding from his immediate pupils. For Raphael,
Dürer was a proof of the excellence of human nature in respect to the
arts, even when it could not form itself on the immediate study and
contemplation of antiques, and thus added to the zest and expectation
with which he improved himself in that direction. These great men did
not distinguish clearly between pregnancy due to their own efforts, that
of their contemporaries and immediate predecessors, and that due to
their more mystic passion for antiquity. Michael Angelo, Titian, and
Correggio were destined to be the signets by which this great power was
to be most often and clearly stamped on the work of future artists.
From the unhappy location of his life Dürer was debarred from any such
obvious and overwhelming effect on after generations. The influences
which helped to shape him were no doubt at work on all the more eminent
artists, his fellow-countrymen; on Albrecht Altdorfer, Hans Burgkmair,
Lucas Cranach, or Baldung Grien, to mention only the elect. What the
stimulus of his achievements, of his renown, meant for these men we have
no means of computing; yet we may feel sure that it was vastly more
important and significant than any actual traces of imitation or
plagiarism from his works, which can with difficulty and for the more
part very doubtfully be brought home to them;--vastly more important and
significant too we may be sure than his effect upon his pupils and other
more or less obscure painters, engravers, and block designers, in whose
work actual imitation or adaption of his creations is more certain and
more abundant. His pictures, plates, and woodcuts were copied both in
Italy and in the North, both as exercises for the self-improvement of
artists and to supply a demand for even secondhand reflections of his
genius and skill. He was not destined to lend the impress of his
splendid personality to the tide of fashion like the great Italians;
their influence was to supersede his even in the North.
This is obvious: but who shall compare or estimate the accession of
force which the tide as a whole gained from him, or that more latent
power which begins to be disengaged from the reserve and lack of proper
issue from which he evidently suffered, now that the great tide of the
Renaissance has spent its mighty onrush and become merged in the
constant movement of life--that power by which he moves us to
commiserate his circumstances and to feel after the more and better,
which we cannot doubt that he might have given us had he been more
[Illustration: THE LAST SUPPER Woodcut, p. 53]
Only to compare the value of Michael Angelo's sonnets with that of the
doggerel rhymes which Dürer produced, may give us some idea of the
portentous inferiority in Dürer's surroundings to those of the great
Italian. Both borrow the general idea of the subject, treatment, and
form of their poems from the fashion around them. But that fashion in
Michael Angelo's case called for elevated subject, intimate and
imaginative treatment, and adequacy of form, whereas none of these were
called for from Albrecht Dürer; and if his friends laughed at the
rudeness of his verses, it was not that they themselves conceived of
anything more adequate in these respects, only something more scholarly,
more pedantic. Michael Angelo's verse was often crabbed and rude, but
the scholarship and pedantry of Italy forbore to laugh at that rudeness,
because a more adequate standard made them recognise its vital power and
noble passion as of higher importance to true success. Still, in the
following rhymes, Dürer shows himself a true child of the Renascence, at
least in intention; and was proud of a desire for universal excellence.
When I received this from Lazarus Spengler, I made him the following
poem in reply (Mrs. Heaton's translation):
In Nürnberg it is known full well
A man of letters now doth dwell,
One of our Lord's most useful men,
He is so clever with his pen,
And others knows so well to hit,
And make ridiculous with wit;
And he has made a jest of me,
Because I made some poetry,
And of True Wisdom something wrote,
But as he likes my verses not,
He makes a laughing stock of me,
And says I'm like the Cobbler, he
Who criticised Apelles' art.
With this he tries to make me smart,
Because he thinks it is for me
To paint, and not write poetry.
But I have undertaken this
(And will not stop for him or his),
To learn whatever thing I can,
For which will blame me no wise man.
For he who only learns one thing,
And to naught else his mind doth bring,
To him, as to the notary,
It haps, who lived here as do we,
In this our town. To him was known
To write one form and one alone.
Two men came to him with a need
That he should draw them up a deed;
And he proceeded very well,
Until their names he came to spell:
Gotz was the first name that perplexed,
And Rosenstammen was the next.
The Notary was much astonished,
And thus his clients he admonished,
"Dear friends," he said, "you must be wrong,
These names don't to my form belong;
Franz and Fritz I know full well,
But of no others have heard tell."
And so he drove away his clients,
And people mocked his little science.
To me that it may hap not so,
Something of all things I will know.
Not only writing will I do,
But learn to practise physic too;
Till men surprised will say, "Beshrew me,
What good this painter's medicines do me!"
Therefore hear and I will tell
Some wise receipts to keep you well.
A little drop of alkali,
Is good to put into the eye;
He who finds it hard to hear,
Should mandel-oil put in his ear;
And he who would from gout be free,
Not wine but water drink should he;
He who would live to be a hundred,
Will see my counsel has not blundered.
Therefore I will still make rhymes
Though my friend may laugh at times.
So the Painter with hairy beard
Says to the Writer who mocked and jeered.
[Footnote 84: Equivalent to our John Doe and Richard Roe.]
THE IDEA OF A CANON OF PROPORTION FOR THE HUMAN FIGURE
Dürer often painted the Virgin's head as a mere exercise or example in
those proportion studies with which we must presently deal.
Sir W. M. CONWAY, in "Dürer's Literary Remains," p. 151.
As soon as he comes to speak of the very essence of artistic work, he
forgets theories and imitations of the antique; he knows nothing of
composition from fragments of Nature, of measurements and speculations.
No longer trusting to such aids as these, but launching himself boldly
on the broad stream of Nature, he believes that he shall attain to a
higher harmony in his work.
THAUSING'S "Albert Dürer," vol. ii., p. 318.
The idea of a canon for human proportions has proved a great
stumbling-block for so-called classical or academic artists. It is
usually taken to mean an absolutely right or harmonious proportion, any
deviation from which cannot fail to result in a diminution of beauty.
According to their thoroughness, the devotees of this idea seek to
arrive at such a scale of proportions for a varying number of different
ages in either sex; often even modifying this again for diverse types,
as tall or short, fat or lean, dark or blonde, but allowing no excessive
variation for these causes; so that abnormally tall people and dwarfs
are not considered. This is, I take it, what the great artist Albert
Dürer is generally taken to have been aiming at in his books on
proportion. It will not be difficult, I think, to show that Dürer had
quite a different idea of what a canon of proportion should be, and how
it should be applied. And certainly, had it been possible to study Greek
practice more closely, and in a larger number of examples, when this
idea (supposed to be drawn from that source) was chiefly mooted, a very
different notion of the canon of proportion would have been forced on
the most academical of theorists. Dürer's great superiority over such
academical masters is, that his idea of a canon of proportion and its
use agrees far better with what was apparently Greek practice.
Any one who has followed at all the interesting attempts made by
Professor Furtwängler and others to group together, by attention to the
measurements of the different parts of the figure, works belonging to
the different masters, schools, and centres, will have perceived that he
is led to assume a traditional canon of proportion from which a master
deviates slightly in the direction of some bias of his own mind towards
closer knit or more slim figures; such variations being in the earlier
stages very slight. Again, it is supposed that from the canon followed
by a master, different pupils may branch off in opposite directions
according to the leanings of their personal sentiment for beauty. The
conception of these ramifications has at least created the hope that
critics may follow them through a great number of complications, since
a master may modify his canon--after certain pupils have already struck
out for themselves, and new pupils may start from his modified canon;
and so on into an infinite criss-cross of branches, as any sculptor may
be influenced to modify his canon by his fellows or by the masters of
other schools whose work he comes across later. In any case, this main
fact arises, that the canon appears as what the artist deviated from,
not what he abided by: and any one who has any feeling for the infinite
nicety of the results obtained by Greek sculptors will easily apprehend
that each masterpiece established a new and slightly different canon,
and was then in the position to be in its turn again deviated from, as
"The conception of every work of art carries within it its own rule and
method, which must be found out before it can be achieved."
"Chayue ceuvre à faire a sa poëtique en soi, qu'il faut trouver."
The same thing is asserted by literary critics to have been the cause of
the repetition of subjects in Greek tragedy, and to have resulted in the
infinite niceties of their forms, which are never the same and never
The terrible old mythic story on which the drama was founded stood,
before he entered the theatre, traced in its bare outlines upon the
spectator's mind; it stood in his memory as a group of statuary, faintly
seen, at the end of a long dark vista. Then came the poet, embodying
outlines, developing situations, not a word wasted, not a sentiment
capriciously thrown in. Stroke upon stroke, the drama proceeded; the
light deepened upon the group; more and more it revealed itself to the
riveted gaze of the spectator; until at last, when the final words were
spoken, it stood before him in broad sunlight, a model of
This passage from Matthew Arnold's deservedly famous preface well
emphasises one advantage that a tradition of subject and treatment gave
to the Greek poet as to the Greek sculptor: the economy of means it made
possible, "not a word wasted, not a sentiment capriciously thrown
in,"--since every deviation from, every addition to, the traditional
story and treatment, was immediately appreciated by an audience
thoroughly conversant with that tradition, and often with several
previous masterpieces treating it. By merely leaving out an incident, or
omitting to appeal to a sentiment, a Greek tragedian could flood his
whole work with a new significance. So that the temptation to be
eccentric, the temptation to hit too hard or at random because he was
not sure of exactly where the mind stood that he would impress, did not
exist in anything like the same degree for him as it did for Shakespeare
and Michael Angelo as it does for romantic and origina natures to-day.
The absence of a sufficient body of traditional culture belonging to
every educated person tends always to force the artist to commence by
teaching the alphabet to his public. As Coleridge so justly remarked in
the case of Wordsworth: "He had, like all great artists, to create the
taste by which he was to be relished, to teach the art by which he was
to be seen and judged." All great artists no doubt have to do this, but
the modern artist is in the position of the Israelite who was bidden not
only to make bricks, but to find himself in stubble and straw, as
compared with a Greek who could appeal to traditional conceptions with
certainty. Dr. Verrall is no doubt right when he says:
Every one knows, even if the full significance of the fact is not always
sufficiently estimated, that the tragedians of Athens did not tell their
story at all as the telling of a story is conceived by a modern
dramatist, whose audience, when the curtain goes up, know nothing which
is not in the play-bill.
This ignorant public, this uncultivated and unmanured field with which
every modern artist has to commence, is the greatest let to the creator.
What wonder that he should so often prefer to make a gaudy show with
yellow weeds, when he perceives that there is hardly time in one man's
life to produce a respectable crop of wheat from such a wilderness?
"The story of an Athenian tragedy is never completely told; it is
implied, or, to repeat the expression used above, it is illustrated by a
selected scene or scenes. And the further we go back the truer this is,"
continues Dr. Verrall; and the same was doubtless true of sculpture and
painting. It is impossible to over-estimate the importance or advantage
of this fact to the artist. For religious art, for art that appeals to
the sum and total of a man's experience of beauty in life, a public
cultivated in this sense is a necessity. Giotto and Fra Angelico enjoyed
this almost to the same degree as Æschylus or Phidias; Michael Angelo
and the great artists of the Renascence generally enjoyed it in a very
great degree, and reaped an advantage comparable to that which Euripides
and his contemporaries and immediate successors enjoyed. The tradition
enabled such an artist to impress by means of subtleties, niceties, and
refinements, instead of forcing him to attempt always to more or less
seduce, astonish or overawe; strong measures which grow almost
necessarily into bad habits, and end by perverting the taste they
created. This, it has often been remarked, was the case even with
Michael Angelo, even with Shakespeare. Yet nowadays, to enable a man to
remark this, exceptional culture is required.
This idea of the use of a canon may be illustrated in many ways; for,
like all notions which resume actual experiences, it will be found
applicable in many spheres. Thus, on the subject of verse, the eternal
quarrel between the poet and the pedant is, that for the first the rules
of prosody and rhyme are only useful in so far as they make the licenses
he takes appreciable at their just value; while for the pedant such
licenses ever anew seem to imply ignorance of the rule or incapacity to
follow it,--an absurd mistake, since the power to create and impress has
little to do with the means employed; and if a man builds up for himself
a barrier of foregone conclusions about the exact manner in which alone
he will allow himself to be deeply impressed, it is very certain he will
have few save painful impressions. Or take another illustration--an
artist the other day told me that he had noticed that one could almost
always trace a faintly ruled vertical line on the paper which the
greatest of all modern draughtsmen used. Ingres, then, with all his
freedom, vivacity, and accuracy of control over the point he employed to
draw with, still found it useful to have a straight line ruled on his
paper as a student does, and may often even have resorted to the
plumb-line. It enabled his eye to test the subtlest deviations in the
other lines with which he was creating the balance, swing or stability
of a figure. Rules of art are, like this straight line, dead and
powerless in themselves: they help both creator and lover to follow and
appreciate the infinite freedom and subtlety of the living work. The
same thing might be illustrated with regard to manners; a fine standard
of social address and receptivity must be established before the
varieties and subtleties of those whose genius creates beautiful
relations can be appreciated at their full value in their full variety.
This dead law must be buried in everybody's mind and heart before they
can rise to that conscious freedom which is opposite to the freedom of
the wild animals, who never know why they do, nor appreciate how it is
done; neither are they able to rejoice in the address of others; much
less can they relish the infinite refinements of exhilarating
apprehension, which make of laughter, tears, speech, silence, nearness
and distance, a music which holds the enraptured soul in ecstasy; which
created and constantly renews the hope of Heaven. And what blacker
minister of a more sterile hell than the social pedant who only knows
the rule, and mistakes grace and delicacy, frankness and generosity, for
more or less grave infractions of it? But the happy critic, free from
any personal knowledge of what creation means, or what aids are likely
to forward it, is for ever in such a hurry to correct great creators
like Leonardo, Dürer, or Hokusai, that he fails to understand them; and
when he has caught them saying, "This is how anger or despair is
expressed," calmly smiles in his superiority and says,
"He had a scientific law for putting a battle on to canvas, one
condition of which was that 'there must not be a level spot which is
not trampled with gore.' But Leonardo did no harm; his canon was based
on literary rather than artistic interests."
Analogies with scientific laws have served art and art criticism a very
bad turn of late years. Nothing can be more useful to an artist than
knowledge of how the emotions are expressed by the contortion of the
features; but nobody in his senses could ever imagine that a rule for
the expression of anger was rigid throughout and must never be departed
from; every one approaching such a rule with a view to practice instead
of criticism must immediately perceive that its only use is to be
departed from in various degrees. Leonardo's advice for the painting of
a battle-piece is excellent if it is understood in the sense in which it
was meant,--"everything is what it is and not another thing," as Bishop
Butler put it. Be sure and make your battle a battle indeed. It is time
we should realise that what the great artists wrote about art is likely
to be as sensible as are the works they created. How absurd it is for
some one who can neither carve nor paint, much less create, to imagine
he easily grasps the rules of art better than a great master! To such
people let us repeat again and again Hamlet's impatient: "Oh, mend it
Now it will easily be seen that the causes which shape an art tradition
may often be independent of, and foreign to, the will that creates
beautiful objects. Religious superstition or formalism may often hem the
artist in, and hamper his will in every direction; though it is not
wholly accidental that the Greeks had a religion the spirit of which
tended always to defeat the conservatism and bigotry of its priests. So
that their formalism, instead of frustrating or warping the growth of
their art tradition, merely served as a check that may well seem to have
been exactly proportioned to its need; preventing the weakness or
rankness of over rapid growth such as detracts from the art of the
Renascence, and at the same time causing no vital injury. The spirit of
the race deserved and created and was again in turn recreated by
Since it is generally recognised that too much freedom is not good for
growing life, I think that almost everybody must at this stage have
become aware of how immensely stupid the academical idea of a canon
appears besides this idea. How suitable both to life and the desire for
perfection the Greek practice was! How theologically dense the
unprogressive inflexibility of the academical practitioner! And now let
us hear Dürer.
But first I will quote from Sir Martin Conway the explanation of what
Dürer means by the phrase, "Words of Difference."
These are what he calls the "Words of Difference": large, long, small,
stout, broad, thick, narrow, thin, young, old, fat, lean, pretty, ugly,
hard, soft, and so forth; in fact any word descriptive of a quality
"whereby a thing may be differentiated from the thing (normal figure)
Or, as Dürer says in another place, "difference such as maketh a thing
fair or foul."
But further, it lieth in each man's choice whether or how far he shall
make use of all the above written "Words of Difference." For a man may
choose whether he will learn to labour with art, wherein is the truth,
or without art in a freedom by which everything he doth is corrupted,
and his toil becometh a scorn to look upon to such as understand.
Wherefore it is needful for every one that he use discreetness in such
of his works as shall come to the light Whence it ariseth that he who
would make anything aright must in no wise abate aught (that is
essential) from Nature, neither must he lay what is intolerable upon
her. Howbeit some will (by going to an opposite extreme) make
alterations (from Nature) so slight that they can scarce be perceived.
Such are of no account if they cannot be perceived; to alter over much
also answereth not. A right mean (in such alterations) is best. But in
this book I have departed from this right mean in order that it might be
so much the better traced in small things. Let not him who wishes to
proceed to some great thing imitate this my swiftness, but let him set
more slowly (gradually) about his work, that it be not brutish but
artistic to look upon. For figures which differ from the mean are not
good to look upon _when_ they are wrongly and unmasterly employed.
It is not to be wondered at that a skilful master beholdeth manifold
differences of figure, all of which he might make if he had time enough,
but which, for lack of time, he is forced to pass by. For such chances
come very often to artists, and their imaginations also are full of
figures which it were possible for them to make. Wherefore, if to live
many hundred years were granted unto a man who had skill in the use of
such art and were thereto accustomed, he would (through the power which
God hath granted unto men) have wherewith daily to mould and make many
new figures of men and other creatures, which none had before seen nor
imagined. God, therefore, in such and other ways granteth great power
unto artistic men.
Although there be such talking of differences, still it is well known
that all things that a man doth differ of their own nature one from
another. Consequently, there liveth no artist so sure of hand as to be
able to make two things exactly alike the one to the other, so that they
may not be distinguished. For of all our works none is quite and
altogether like another, and this we can in no wise avoid.
We see that if we take two prints from an engraved copper-plate, or cast
two images in a mould, very many points may immediately be found whereby
they may be distinguished one from another. If, then, it cometh thus to
pass in things made by processes the least liable to error, much more
will it happen in other things which are made by the free hand.
This, however, is _not the kind of Difference_ whereof I here treat; for
I am speaking of a difference (from the mean) which a man specially
intendeth, and which standeth in his will, of which I have spoken once
This is not the aforesaid Difference which we cannot sever from our
work, but, such a difference as maketh a thing fair or foul, and which
may be set forth by the "Word of Difference" dealt with above in this
Book. If a man produce "different" figures of this kind in his work, it
will be judged in every man's mind according to his own opinion, and
these judgments seldom agree one with another.... Yet let every man
beware that he make nothing impossible and inadmissible in Nature,
unless indeed he would make some fantasy, in which it is allowed to
mingle creatures of all kinds together....
Any one who leads this carefully cannot fail to see that it is not only
that Dürer is not "desirous of laying down rules applicable to all
cases," or even of "proposing a definite canon for the relative
proportions of the human body," as Thausing indeed points out (p. 305,
v. 11): but that he does not conceive the proportions he gives as even
approximately capable of these functions; and considers it indeed the
very nature and special use of a canon of proportions to be wilfully
deviated from, pointing out that, though the deviations of which he is
speaking are slight and subtle, they are not to be confused with the
accidental ones that can but appear even in work done by mechanical
processes. Rather they are such variation as a man "specially intendeth,
and which standeth in his will;" and again, "such a difference as maketh
a thing fair or foul;" for the use of these normal proportions is that
they may enable an artist to deviate from the normal without the
proportions he chooses having the air of monstrosities or mistakes or
negligences. He does not insist that either of the scales he gives is
the best that could be, even for this purpose, but that they are
sufficiently good to be used; and he would have marvelled at the wonder
that has been caused in innocent critical minds that in his own work he
adhered to them so little. He never intended them to be adhered to.
It may be objected that Dürer certainly sometimes thought of a Canon of
Proportion as a perfect rule, because he wrote on a MS. page as
Vitruvius, the ancient architect, whom the Romans employed upon great
buildings, says that whosoever desires to build should study the
perfection of the human figure, for in it are discovered the most secret
mysteries of proportion. So, before I say anything about architecture, I
will state how a well-formed man should be made, and then about a woman,
a child and a horse. Any object may be proportioned out (_literally_,
measured) in a similar way. Therefore, hear first of all what Vitruvius
says about the human figure, which he learnt from the greatest masters,
painters and founders, who were highly famed. They said that the human
figure is as follows.
That the face from the chin upward to where the hair begins is the
tenth part of a man, and that an out-stretched hand is the same
[Illustration: "This is my appearance in the eighteenth year of my age"
Charcoal-drawing in the Academy, Vienna _Face p._288]
And again in another place, as Sir Martin Conway points out, he gives a
religious basis to this notion, "the Creator fashioned men once for
all as they must be, and I hold that the perfection of form and beauty
is contained in the sum of all men." In an obvious sense these passages
certainly run counter to those which I have quoted (pp. 285-207): but I
would like to point out that these are dogmatic assertions about
something that if it were true could never be proved by experience (see
also pp. 64, 254), those former are Dürer's advice with a view to
practice. Men frequently carry about a considerable amount of dogmatic
opinion, which has so little connection with actual experience that it
is never brought to the test without being noticeably incommoded by it.
Yet it is not absolutely necessary to consider Dürer as inconsistent in
regard to this matter, even to this degree.
The beauty of form which he held had been Adam's, and which was now
parcelled out among his vast progeny in various amounts as a consequence
of his fall--this beauty of form doubtless Dürer considered it part of
an artist's business to recollect and reveal in his work. This beauty is
an ideal, and his canon (or rather canons) were intended as means to
help the artist to approach towards the realisation of that ideal. It is
obvious also that a man occupied in comparing the proportions of those
whom he considers to be exceptionally beautiful will develop and feed
his power of imagining beautifully proportioned figures. It would be
futile to deny that this is very much what took place in the evolution
of Greek statues, or that such works are perhaps of all others the most
central and satisfying to the human spirit. The sentences that precede
that quoted by Sir Martin are Greek in tendency.
A good figure cannot be made without industry and care; it should
therefore be well considered before it is begun, so that it be correctly
made. For the lines of its form cannot be traced by compass or rule, but
must be drawn by the hand from point to point, so that it is easy to go
wrong in them. And for such figures great attention should be paid to
human proportions, and all their kinds should be investigated. _I hold
that the more nearly and accurately a figure is made to resemble a man,
so much the better the work will be._ If the best parts chosen from many
well-formed men are united in one figure, it will be worthy of praise.
But some are of another opinion, and discuss how men ought to be made. I
will not argue with them about that. I hold Nature for Master in such
matters, and the fancy of men for delusion.
And then follows the passage quoted by Sir Martin Conway (see p. 289).
It is obvious that, joined with the two preceding sentences, this
passage can in no way be made to serve the academical practitioner, as
it seems to when taken alone. In the same way, the sentence printed in
italics in the above quotation, if isolated, would certainly seem to
serve the scientific practitioners and their slavish realism, though in
connection with those that follow this is no longer possible. Dürer
regards nature as providing raw material for a creation which may not
tally exactly with any individual natural object. This was the Greek
artists' idea of the serviceableness of nature, as revealed both by
their practice and by such traditions as that concerning Zeuxis and his
five beautiful models for the figure of Venus. But Dürer does not
confine the use of his canons even to this aim, but clearly perceived
their utility in regard to quite other aims, as is shown by the passage
beginning, "It is not to be wondered at," &c. (see p. 286), in which the
imagination of figures not merely intended to embody beautiful or newly
assorted proportions is clearly considered; and if we review Dürer's
actual work we shall see how much oftener he created figures for
picturesque or dramatic effect than he did to embody beautiful
proportions in them, though he evidently also considered the last
purpose as of the first importance, as we see when he goes on to say:
Let any one who thinks I alter the human form too much or too little
take care to avoid my error and follow nature. There are many different
kinds of men in various lands: whoso travels far will find this to be
so, and see it before his eyes. We are considering about the most
beautiful human figure conceivable, but (only) the Maker of the world
knows how that should be. Even if we succeed well we do but approach
towards it from afar. For we ourselves have differences of perception,
and the vulgar who follow only their own taste usually err. Therefore I
do not advise any one to follow me, for I only do what I can, and that
is not enough even to satisfy myself.
The extreme complexity of Dürer's ideas and their application was a
natural result of their having been born of his experience. For
excellence is extremely various, and widely scattered through the world.
The simplicity of a true work of art results merely from some excellence
having been singled out from all foreign circumstances, and presented as
vividly as it was intensely apprehended. This excellence may be one of
proportion or one of many other kinds. Now, a figure conceived by an
artist, whether he value it for its choicely assorted proportions or for
picturesque or dramatic effect, may need to be developed before it is
serviceable in an elaborate work of art.
Artists who work rapidly, and, whose pictures are dominated by passing
moods, have always been in the habit of taking great licences with
proportion, and, indeed, with all matters of fact. Dürer's aim is to
endow the artist who elaborates his work slowly with a similar freedom.
This energy and power in rapid work it is the ever-renewed despair of
artists to feel themselves losing in the process of elaboration. And one
of the reasons for this is that in larger or more elaborate work, the
statement, being more ample, is expected to be also more comprehensive
and exhaustive; for the time required begets after-thoughts as to the
real nature of the object viewed apart from the mood, which is the only
excuse for the work; and so some of the artist's attention is drawn away
to facts and aspects which it would have been the success of his work to
have ignored. Dürer's object was to help a man to carry out his
essential intention, and that alone, in a carefully elaborated picture;
the problems faced were precisely similar to those so successfully coped
with in Greek statues. In the first place, he would have pointed out
that all sketches will not bear elaboration if their merit depends on
extreme licence, for instance. Next, that a man who had a standard of
proportion could see wherein the deviations of his sketched figure were
essential to the effect he wished it to produce, and wherein they were
unessential. Then, if he drew the normal figure large, he would be able
to deviate from it in exactly the right places and to the right degree
to reproduce the desired effect. But to do this he must also have a
general notion of how deviations from a normal proportion could be made
consistent throughout all the measurements involved not that he would in
every case want to make them consistent. Now, there is a class of
artists for whom all these suggestions of Dürer's must for ever remain
useless, for all science of production is impossible for those whose
only success lies in improvisation; such improvisations, however
dazzling or however delightful they may be, are, nevertheless, the class
of art-works furthest removed in spirit and in method from Greek
statuary. I do not say that they need be inferior; I say that they are
opposite in method. And, had circumstances permitted, or Dürer's dowry
of great gifts been more complete than it was, and enabled him to become
as great a creator of pictures as he is a great draughtsman and
portrait-painter, no doubt his pictures would have resembled Greek
statues both in their effect and their method, however different they
might have been in subject and in range. To talk about "beauty" being
sacrificed to "truth," with Prof. Thausing; or the ideal of the North
being "strength" in works of art as in life, with Sir Martin Conway;--is
to confuse the issue and deceive oneself. To have mistaken the proper
end of art, beauty, by thinking it was "truth" or "strength," is to have
failed to labour in the right direction; that is all-who-ever may
condone the failure.
Again, Sir Martin Conway tells us:
The laws of perspective can be deduced with certainty from mathematical
first principles, the canon of proportions' could only be constructed
empirically as the result of repeated observations. Nevertheless, once
constructed, it can certainly be used as Dürer suggested. Its use has
practically been superseded by the study of anatomy.
This last phrase shows us in a flash how far the writer when he wrote it
was from apprehending Dürer's meaning. How could the study of anatomy
ever do for an artist what Dürer was trying to do? No doubt Sir Martin
had Michael Angelo in his mind's eye; and it is true that he studied
anatomy, and that his influence has been, on the whole, paramount with
artists attempting subjects of this kind ever since. Whether Michael
Angelo studied proportion or not, his practice exemplifies Dürer's
meaning splendidly. No anatomical research could have led him to
construct figures nine to twelve, or even fifteen to twenty, heads
high--to do which, as his work developed, more and more became his
practice, especially in designs and sketches for compositions. To arrive
at such proportions he followed his imaginative instinct. He found that
these monstrous deviations from the normal (which, of course, in a
general sense he recognised, whether he gave any study to rendering it
precise or not) produced the effect on his mind that he wished to
produce on the minds of others--an effect that was emotional and
peculiar to his habitual moods. We know that his constitution gave him
the staying-power, while his fiery Titanic spirit gave him the energy,
to carry out and perfect his mighty frescoes and statues at the same
heat that the creative hour yields other men for the production of a
sketch alone. This giant son of Time was able to live for days and weeks
together in a state of mind two or three consecutive hours of which
exhaust the average master even. Considering the rapidity and intensity
of his mental process, it is a miracle that, in so many works and to so
great a degree, he respected the too much and too little of human
reason, and allowed himself to be governed by what the Greeks called a
sense of measure, instead of yielding to his native impetuosity and
becoming an a-thousand-fold-greater-Blake; and illustrating, to the
delight of active and short-winded intelligences, and the stupefaction
of slow and dull ones, the futility of eccentricity and the frivolity of
passion when unseconded by constancy of character and labour. For
futile, in the arts, is whatever the sense of beauty must condemn,
however well-intentioned; and frivolous is the passion that forgets the
end it would attain, and becomes merely a private rhapsody, however
astonishing its developments; slowly but surely it will be seen that
such fireworks do not vitally concern us. The proportions of many of
Michael Angelo's figures are as far removed from any possible normal
standard as what Dürer calls "this my swiftness," in the abnormally tall
and stout figures among the diagrams illustrating his book.
And this is where Dürer's idea comes nearer to Greek practice. For by
letting the striking rather than the subtle govern his departures from
the mean, Michael Angelo found himself always bound to go beyond
himself; as the palate which once has entertained strong stimulants
demands that the dose be continually strengthened. Now this is in entire
conformity with the impatience which was perhaps his greatest weakness;
just as Dürer's too methodical approach is in conformity with that
acquiescence in the insufficiency of his conditions which made him in
his weak moments swear never again to undertake those better classes of
work which were less adequately paid, or made him content to display
mere manual dexterity rather than do nothing on his days of darkness,
suffering and depression: we may add, which made him choose to live at
Nuremberg and refuse a better income and more suitable surroundings
It is obviously the more hopeful way to create a beautiful figure first
and discover a mathematical way of reproducing its most essential
proportions afterwards; and no doubt this is what Dürer intended should
be done; and in consequence he felt a need, and sought to supply it, for
mechanical means to simplify, shorten and render more sure that part of
the process which must necessarily partake something of the nature of
drudgery, if great finish is to be combined with splendid design. The
romantic, impulsive _improvisatore_ does not feel this need, considers
it bound to defeat its own aim; and, given his own gifts, he is right.
But none the less, there are the Greek statues elaborated with a
thoroughness which, if it ever dims or veils the creative intention,
does so in a degree so slight as to seem amply compensated by the sense
of ease maintained in spite of the innumerable difficulties overcome;
there are besides a score or more of Dürer's copper engravings with
their imperturbable adequacy of minute painstaking, never for a moment
sleepy or mechanical or lifeless. The one aim need not excommunicate the
other even in the same individual; far less need this be so in different
artists, with diverse temperaments, diverse aptitudes.
The application of this idea does not end with the simple proportions of
measurement between the limbs and parts of the figure; it is also
concerned with what is called the modelling, and the treatment of
surfaces such as the draperies, the hair, the fleshy portions and those
beneath which the bony structure comes to prominence; in painting it may
be applied to the chiaroscuro and colour. Reynolds' remarks on the
Venetians in his Eighth Discourse well illustrate this fact. He says:
It ought, in my opinion, to be indispensably observed that the masses of
light in a picture be always of a warm mellow colour, yellow, red, or a
yellowish-white; and that the blue, the grey, or the green colours be
kept _almost_ entirely out of these masses, and be used only to support
and set off these warm colours; and, for this purpose, a small
_proportion_ of cold colours will be sufficient.
If this conduct be reversed, let the light be cold, and the surrounding
colours warm, as we often see in the works of the Roman and Florentine
painters; and it will be out of the power of art, even in the hands of
Rubens or Titian, to make a picture splendid or harmonious.
Here we see a great colourist attempting to establish a canon for
colour. Had he lived at an earlier period, before expression had become
generally a subject of criticism, he would have described his discovery
in less guarded and elastic language, such as is now applied to
scientific laws. And then he might have been as excusably misunderstood
as Leonardo and Dürer have been; as it is, the misunderstanding dealt
out to him is quite without excuse.
Rembrandt, not only exemplifies the impressiveness of great deviations
in structural proportions in much the same degree as Michael Angelo,
using what the Greeks and Dürer would doubtless have considered a
dangerous liberty, however much they might have felt bound to admire the
results obtained; not only does he do this when, for instance, he
represents Jesus now as a giant, now as almost a dwarf, according to the
imaginative impression which he chooses to create; but he follows a
similar process in his black and white pattern. For among his works
there are etchings, which, though often supposed to have been left
unfinished, are discerned by those with a sense for beauties of this
class to be marvellously complete, stimulating, and satisfying, and in
the nicest harmony with the other impressions produced by the mental
point of view from which the subject is viewed, as also by the main
lines and proportions of the composition, and to yield the visual
delight most suitable to the occasion. Dürer and the Greeks are at one
with Michael Angelo and Rembrandt in condemning by their practice all
purely mechanical application of ideas or methods to the production of
works of creative art, such as is exemplified by artists of more limited
aims and powers; by academical practitioners, by theoretical scientists
calling themselves impressionists, luminarists, naturalists, or any
other name. For artists whose temperaments are impeded by some unhappy
slowness, or difficulty in concentrating themselves, methods of
procedure similar to those elaborated by Dürer in his books on
proportion, properly understood, must be a real aid and benefit; as
those who are essentially improvisors may help themselves and supply
their deficiencies by methods similar to those which Reynolds describes
as practised by Gainsborough.
"He even framed a kind of model of landscapes on his table, composed of
broken stones, dried herbs and pieces of broken glass, which he
magnified and improved into rocks, trees and water" (Fourteenth
This process resembles that of tracing faces or scenes from the life of
gnomes in glowing caverns among coals of fire on a winter's eve; it is
resorted to in one form or another by all creative artists, but it is
peculiarly useful to men like Gainsborough, whose art tends always to
become an improvisation, whatever strenuous discipline they may have
subjected themselves to in their days of ardent youth.
Perhaps Dürer's actual standards for the normal, his actual methods for
creating self-consistent variations from it, are not likely to prove of
much use, even when artists shall be sufficiently educated to understand
them; nevertheless, the principle which informs them has been latent in
the work of all great creators; is marvellously fulfilled indeed, in
Greek statuary. The work of Antoine Louis Barye, that great and
little-understood master--as far as I am able to judge, the only modern
artist who has made science serve him instead of being seduced by
her--exemplifies this central idea of Dürer's almost as fully as the
Greek masterpieces. The future of art appears to me to lie in the hands
of those artists who shall be able to grapple with the new means offered
them by the advance of science, as he did, and be as little or even less
seduced than he was by the foolish idea that art can become science
without ceasing to be art, which has handicapped and defeated the
efforts of so many industrious and talented men of late years. So truly
is this the case that the improvisor appears to many as the only true
artist, and his uncontrolled caprices as the farthest reach of human
In any case, no artist is unhappy if a docile and hopeful disposition
enables him to see in the masterpieces of Greek sculpture the reward of
an easy balance of both temperaments and methods, the improvisor's and
the elaborator's, under felicitous circumstances, by men better endowed
than himself. And this though never history and archaeology shall be in
a position to give him information sufficient to determine that his
faith is wholly warranted.
A golden age is a golden dream, that sheds
A golden light on waking hours, on toil,
On leisure, and on finished works.
[Footnote 85: "Literary Remains of Albrecht Dürer," p. 166.]
[Footnote 86: See also III Discourse where he defends Dürer against
THE IMPORTANCE OF DOCILITY
I now intend to re-arrange what seem the most interesting of the
sentences on the theory of art which are found in Dürer's MSS. and books
on proportion. He did not give them the final form or order which he
intended, and it seems to me that to arrange the more important
according to the subjects they treat of will be the simplest way of
arriving at general conceptions as to their tendency and value. We shall
thus bring together repetitions of the same thought and contradictory
answers to the same question; and after each series of sentences, I
myself shall discuss the points raised, illustrating my remarks from
modern writers whose opinion in these matters seems to me deserving of
most attention. I have heard it said by the late Mr. Arthur Strong that
Dürer's art is always didactic; and Dürer as a writer on art certainly
has ever before his mind this one object, to teach others, or, as I
should prefer to phrase it, to help others to learn. For he himself is
continually confessing that he cannot yet answer his own questions, and
it seems to me that the best teacher is always he who most desires to
increase his knowledge, not indeed to hoard it as some do and make of
it a personal possession; intellectual misers, for ever gnashing their
teeth over the reputations or the pretensions of others. No, but one who
desires knowledge for its own sake and welcomes it in others with as
much satisfaction as he gains it for himself. Docility, i.e.,
teachableness, let me point out once more, seems to be the necessary
midwife of genius, without the aid of which it often labours in vain, or
brings forth strange incongruous and misshapen births.
Sad is the condition of a brilliant and fiery spirit shut up in a man's
brain without the humble assistance of this lively, meek and patient
virtue! What unrelieved and insupportable throes of agony must be borne
by such a spirit, and how often does such labour end in misanthropy or
madness! The records of the lives of exceptionally-gifted men tell us
only too clearly what pains those are, and how frequently they have been
borne. So I fancy I cannot do better than choose out for my first
section sentences which praise or advocate the effort to learn, or
attempt to enlighten those who make such an effort on the choice of
teachers and disciplines.
I shall not hesitate to transpose sentences even when they appear in
connected passages, in order, as I hope, to bring out more clearly their
connection. For Dürer was not a writer by profession, and his thoughts
were often more abundant than he knew how to deal with.
Before starting, however, I must prefix to my quotations some account of
the four MS. books in the British Museum from which they are principally
taken. Rough drafts in Pirkheimer's handwriting were found among them,
but of Dürer's work Sir Martin Conway tells us:
The volumes contain upwards of seven hundred leaves and scraps of paper
of various kinds, covered at different dates with more or less elaborate
outline drawings, and more or less corrected drafts for works published
or planned by Dürer. Interspersed among them are geometrical and
He was in the habit of correcting and re-copying, again and again, what
he had written. Sometimes he would jot down a sentence alongside of
matter to which it had no relation. This sentence he would afterwards
introduce in its right connection. There are in these volumes no less
than four drafts of the beginning of a Dedication to Pirkheimer of the
Books of Human Proportions. Two other drafts of this same dedication are
among the Dresden MSS. The opening sentences of the Introduction to the
same work were likewise, as will be seen, the subject of
These drafts, notes and sketches date from 1508 to 1523. Some collector
had had them cut out, gummed together, and bound without the slightest
regard to order, or even to the sequence of consecutive passages. In
January 1890 the volumes were taken to pieces and rearranged by Miss
Lina Eckenstein, who had previously made the admirable translations of
them for Sir Martin Conway's "Literary Remains of Albrecht Dürer," from
which my quotations are taken.
The contents of the volumes as rearranged may be roughly described as
Volume 1. Drawings of whole figures and portions of the body,
illustrating Dürer's theories of Proportion. Drawings of a solid
octogon. Six coloured drawings of crystals. The description of the
Ionic order of architecture. Drawings of columns with measurements. A
scale for Human Proportions. A table of contents for a work on Geometry.
Notes on perspective, curves, folds, &c. The different kinds of temple
after Vitruvius. Mathematical diagrams, &c.
Volume II. Draft of a dedicatory letter to King Ferdinand (see page
180). Drafts and drawings for "The Art of Fortification." Drawing of a
shield with a rearing horse. Mantles of Netherlandish women and nuns. A
Latin inscription for his own portrait. Notes on "Proportion," and on
the feast of the Rosenkranz. Scale for Human Proportions. An alphabet.
Draft of a dedication for the books on Proportion. Sketch of a skeleton.
Studies of architecture. Venetian houses and roofs. Sketches of a
church, a house, a tower, a drapery, &c.
Volume III. Drafts of a projected work on Painting and on the study of
Proportion. Drafts for the dedication, the preface, and for a work on
Esthetics. Drawings of a male body, a female body, and a piece of
drapery. Notes and drawings for the proportions of heads, hands, feet,
outline curves, a child, a woman, &c.
Volume IV. Proportions of a man, a fat woman, the head of the average
woman, the young woman, &c. Short Profession of Faith (see page 130).
Scale for Human Proportions, &c. Fragments of the Preface of Essay on
Aesthetics, &c. Grimacing and distorted faces. Use of measurements. On
the characters of faces, thick, thin, broad, narrow, &c. Sketches of a
dragon and of an angel for Maximilian's Triumphal Procession. List of
Luther's works (see page 130). Drawings of human bodies proportioned
[Illustration: "UNA VILANA WENDISCH" Pen drawing with wash background
in the collection of Mrs. Seymour _face_ p. 304]
See the description in "Dürer's Schriftlicher Nachlass" (Lange und
Fuhse), page 263, from which the above abstract is made.
Sir Martin Conway continues:
In these volumes Dürer is seen, sometimes writing under the influence of
impetuous impulse, sometimes with leisurely care, allowing his pen to
embroider the script with graceful marginal flourishes.
At what period of his career Dürer first conceived the idea of writing a
comprehensive work upon the theory and practice of art is unknown. It
was certainly before the year 1512. The following list of chapters may
perhaps be an early sketch of the plan.
Ten things are contained in the little book.
The first, the proportions of a young child.
The second, proportions of a grown man.
The third, proportions of a woman.
The fourth, proportions of a horse.
The fifth, something about architecture.
The sixth, about an apparatus through which it can be
shown that 'all things may be traced.
The seventh, about light and shade.
The eighth, about colours, how to paint like nature.
The ninth, about the ordering (composition) of the
The tenth, about free painting, which alone is made by
Imagination without any other help.
Glad enough should we be to attain unto great knowledge without toil,
for nature has implanted in us the desire of knowing all things,
thereby to discern a truth of all things. But our dull wit cannot come
unto such perfectness of all art, truth, and wisdom. Yet are we not,
therefore, shut out altogether from all arts. If we want to sharpen our
reason by learning and to practise ourselves therein, having once found
the right path we may, step by step, seek, learn, comprehend, and
finally reach and attain unto something true. Wherefore, he that
understandeth how to learn somewhat in his leisure time, whereby he may
most certainly be enabled to honour God, and to do what is useful both
for himself and others, that man doeth well; and we know that in this
wise he will gain much experience in art and will be able to make known
its truth for our good. It is right, therefore, for one man to teach
another. He that joyfully doeth so, upon him shall much be bestowed by
God, from whom we receive all things. He hath highest praise.
One finds some who know nothing and learn nothing. They despise
learning, and say that much evil cometh of the arts, and that some are
wholly vile. I, on the contrary, hold that no art is evil, but that all
are good. A sword is a sword which may be used either for murder or for
justice. Similarly the arts are in themselves good. What God hath
formed, that is good, misuse it how ye will.
Thou findest arts of all kinds; choose then for thyself that which is
like to be of greatest service to thee. Learn it; let not the difficulty
thereof vex thee till thou hast accomplished somewhat wherewith thou
mayest be satisfied.
It is very necessary for a man to know some one thing by reason of the
usefulness which ariseth therefrom. Wherefore we should all gladly
learn, for the more we know so much the more do we resemble the likeness
of God, who verily knoweth all things.
The more, therefore, a man learneth, so much the better doth he become,
and so much the more love doth he win for the arts and for things
exalted. Wherefore a man ought not to play the wanton, but should learn
Is the artistic man pious and by nature good? He escheweth the evil and
chooseth the good; and hereunto serve the arts, for they give the
discernment of good and evil.
Some may learn somewhat of all arts, but that is not given to every man.
Nevertheless, there is no rational man so dull but that he may learn the
one thing towards which his fancy draweth him most strongly. Hence no
man is excused from learning something.
Let no man put too much confidence in himself, for many (pairs of eyes)
see better than one. Though it is possible for a man to comprehend more
than a thousand (men), still that cometh but rarely to pass.
Many fall into error because they follow their own taste alone;
therefore let each look to it that his inclination blind not his
judgment. For every mother is well pleased with her own child, and thus
also it ariseth that many painters paint figures resembling themselves.
He that worketh in ignorance worketh more painfully than he that worketh
with understanding; therefore let all learn to understand aright.
Now I know that in our German nation, at the present time, are many
painters who stand in need of instruction, for they lack all real art,
yet they nevertheless have many large works to do. Forasmuch then as
they are so numerous, it is very needful for them to learn to better
Willingly will I impart my teaching, hereafter written, to the man who
knoweth little and would gladly learn; but I will not be cumbered with
the proud, who, according to their own estimate of themselves, know all
things, and are best, and despise all else. From true artists, however,
such as can show their meaning with the hand, I desire to learn humbly
and with much thankfulness.
A thing thou beholdest is easier of belief than that thou hearest, but
whatever is both heard and seen we grasp more firmly and lay hold on
more securely. I will therefore do the work in both ways, that thus I
may be better understood.
Whosoever will, therefore, let him hear and see what I say, do, and
teach, for I hope it may be of service and not for a hindrance to the
better arts, nor lead thee to neglect better things.
I hear moreover of no writer in modern times by whom aught hath been
written and made known which I might read for my improvement. For some
hide their art in great secrecy, and others write about things whereof
they know nothing, so that their words are nowise better than mere
noise, as he that knoweth somewhat is swift to discover. I therefore
will write down with God's help the little that I know. Though many will
scorn it I am not troubled, for I well know that it is easier to cast
blame on a thing than to make anything better. Moreover, I will expound
my meaning as clearly and plainly as I can; and, were it possible, I
would gladly give everything I know to the light, for the good of
cunning students who prize such art more highly than silver or gold. I
further admonish all who have any knowledge in these matters that they
write it down. Do it truly and plainly, not toilsomely and at great
length, for the sake of those who seek and are glad to learn, to the
great honour of God and your own praise. If I then set something burning
and ye all add to it with skilful furthering, a blaze may in time arise
therefrom which shall shine throughout the whole world.
I shall here apply to what is to be called beautiful the same
touchstone as that by which we decide what is right. For as what all the
world prizeth as right we hold to be right, so what all the world
esteemeth beautiful that will we also hold for beautiful, and ourselves
strive to produce the like.
No one need blindly follow this theory of mine as though it were quite
perfect, for human nature has not yet so far degenerated that another
man cannot discover something better. So each may use my teaching as
long as it seems good to him, or until he finds something better. Where
he is not willing to accept it, he may well hold that this doctrine is
not written for him, but for others who are willing.
That must be a strangely dull head which never trusts itself to find out
anything fresh, but only travels along the old path, simply following
others and not daring to reflect for itself. For it beseems each
understanding, in following another, not to despair of itself
discovering something better. If that is done, there remaineth no doubt
but that in time this art will again reach the perfection it attained
amongst the ancients.
Much will hereafter be written about subjects and refinements of
painting. Sure am I that many notable men will arise, all of whom will
write both well and better about this art, and will teach it better than
I; for I myself hold my art at a very mean value, for I know what my
faults are. Let every man therefore strive to better these my errors
according to his powers. Would to God it were possible for me to see the
work and art of the mighty masters to come, who are yet unborn, for I
know that I might be improved upon. Ah! how often in my sleep do I
behold great works of art and beautiful things, the like whereof never
appear to me awake, but so soon as I awake, even the remembrance of
them leaveth me.
Compare also the passages already quoted,(pp. 15,16,26).
"What an admirable temper!" is the exclamation which expresses our first
feeling on reading the foregoing sentences. It renews the spirit of a
man merely to peruse such things. Scales fall from our eyes, and we see
what we most essentially are, with pleasure, as good children gleefully
recognise their goodness: and at the same time we are filled with
contrition that we should have ever forgotten it. And this that we most
essentially are rational beings, lovers of goodness, children of
hope,--how directly Dürer appeals to it: "Nature has implanted in us the
desire of knowing all things." It reminds one of Ben Jonson's:--
It is a false quarrel against nature, that she helps understanding but
in a few, when the most part of mankind are inclined by her thither, if
they would take the pains; no less than birds to fly, horses to run,
&c., which, if they lose it, is through their own sluggishness, and by
that means they become her prodigies, not her children.
There is something refreshing and inspiriting in the mere conviction of
our teachableness; and when the same author, referring to Plato's
travels in search of knowledge, says, "He laboured, so must we," we do
not find the comparison humiliating either to Plato or ourselves. For
"without a way there is no going," and every man of superior mould says
to us with more or less of benignity, "I am the way: follow me." Such
means or ways of attainment have been followed by all whose success is
known to us, and are followed now by all "finely touched and gifted
men." I might quote in illustration of these assertions the whole of
Reynolds' Sixth Discourse, so marvellous for its acute and delicate
discrimination; but I will content myself with a few leading passages:
We cannot suppose that any one can really mean to exclude all imitation
It is a common observation that no art was ever invented and carried to
perfection at the same time.
The greatest natural genius cannot subsist on its own stock: he who
resolves never to ransack any mind but his own will soon be reduced to
the poorest of all imitations, he will be obliged to imitate himself,
and to repeat what he has often before repeated.
The truth is, he whose feebleness is such as to make other men's
thoughts an encumbrance to him, can have no very great strength of mind
or genius of his own to be destroyed: so that not much harm will be done
at the worst.
Of course, this last phrase will not apply universally; we must remember
that the man who sets out to become an artist, or claims to be one by
native gift, has made apparent that he is the possessor of no mean
ambition. The humblest may see a way of improvement in their betters,
and obey the command, "Follow me." Every man is not called to follow
great artists, but only those who are peculiarly fitted to tread the
difficult paths that climb Olympus-hill. Yet to all men alike the great
artist in life, he who wedded failure to divinity, says, "Learn of me
that I am meek and lowly of heart, and ye shall find rest to
He who confines himself to the imitation of an individual, as he never
proposes to surpass, so he is not likely to equal, the object of his
imitation. He professes only to follow; and he that follows must
necessarily be behind.
It is of course impossible to surpass perfection, but it is possible to
be made one with it.
To find excellences, however dispersed, to discover beauties, however
concealed by the multitude of defects with which they are surrounded,
can be the work only of him who, having a mind always alive to his art,
has extended his views to all ages and to all schools; and has acquired
from that comprehensive mass which he has thus gathered to himself a
well-digested and perfect idea of his art, to which everything is
referred. Like a sovereign judge and arbiter of art, he is possessed of
that presiding power which separates and attracts every excellence from
every school; selects both from what is great and what is little; brings
home knowledge from the east and from the west; making the universe
tributary towards furnishing his mind, and enriching his works with
originality and variety of inventions.
In this tine passage we get back to our central idea in regard to the
sense of proportion "making the universe tributary towards furnishing
his mind"; while in the "discovery of beauties" the complete artist
"selects both from what is great and what is little," from the clouds of
heaven and from the dunghills of the farmyard.
Study, therefore, the great works of the great masters for ever. Study,
as nearly as you can, in the order, in the manner, and on the principles
on which they studied. Study nature attentively, but always with those
masters in your company; consider them as models which you are to
imitate, and at the same time as rivals with whom you are to contend.
For "no man can be an artist, whatever he may suppose, upon any
Yes, an artist is a child who chooses his parents, nor is he limited to
only two. Religion tells all men they have a Father, who is God;
philosophy and tradition repeat, "man has a mother, who is Nature."
These sayings are platitudes; their application is so obvious that it is
now generally forgotten. If God is a Father, it is the soul that chooses
Him; if Nature is a mother, it is the man who chooses to regard her as
such, since to the greater number it is well known she seems but a
stepmother, and a cruel one at that. Elective affinities, chosen
kindred!--"tell me what company you keep, and I will tell you who you
are" (what you are worth). How many artist waifs one sees nowadays! lost
souls, who choose to be nobody's children, and think they can teach
themselves all they need to know.
I think the very striking agreement between artists so totally different
in every respect except eminence, docility and anxiety to further art,
as Dürer and Reynolds, ought to impress our minds very deeply: even
though, as is certainly the case, the way they point out has been very
greatly abandoned of late years, and public institutions in this and
other countries proceed to further art on quite other lines; even though
critics are almost unanimous in knowing better both the end and the way
than the great masters who had not the advantage of a dash of science in
their hydromel to make it sparkle, but instead made it yet richer and
thicker by stirring up with it piety and religion. I think this
"cock-tail and sherry-cobbler" art criticism of to-day is very
deleterious to the digestion, and that the piety and enthusiasm which
Dürer and Reynolds worked into their art were more wholesome, and better
supplied the needs and deficiencies of artistic temperaments.
THE LOST TRADITION
Many centuries ago the great art of painting was held in high honour by
mighty kings, and they made excellent artists rich and held them worthy,
accounting such inventiveness a creating power like God's. For the
imagination of a good painter is full of figures, and were it possible
for him to live for ever, he would always have from his inward ideas,
whereof Plato speaks, something new to set forth by the work of
Many hundred years ago there were still some famous painters, such as
those named Phidias, Praxiteles, Apelles, Polycleitus, Parrhasius,
Lysippus, Protogenes, and the rest, some of whom wrote about their art
and very artfully described it and gave it plainly to light: but their
praise-worthy books are, so far, unknown to us, and perhaps have been
altogether lost by war, driving forth of the peoples, and alterations of
laws and beliefs--a loss much to be regretted by every wise man. It
often came to pass that noble "Ingenia" were destroyed by barbarous
oppressors of art; for if they saw figures traced in a few lines they
thought it nought but vain, devilish sorcery. And in destroying them
they attempted to honour God by something displeasing to Him; and to use
the language of men, God was angry with all destroyers of the works of
great mastership, which is only attained by much toil, labour, and
expenditure of time, and is bestowed by God alone. Often do I sorrow
because I must be robbed of the aforesaid masters' books of art; but the
enemies of art despise these things.
Pliny writeth that the old painters and sculptors--such as Apelles,
Protogenes, and the rest--told very artistically in writing how a
well-built man's figure might be measured out. Now it may well have come
to pass that these noble books were misunderstood and destroyed as
idolatrous in the early days of the Church. For they would have said
Jupiter should have such proportions, Apollo such others; Venus shall be
thus, Hercules thus; and so with all the rest. Had it, however, been my
fate to be there at the time, I would have said: "Oh dear, holy lords
and fathers, do not so lamentably destroy the nobly discovered arts,
which have been gotten by great toil and labour, only because of the
abuses made of them. For art is very hard, and we might and would use it
for the great honour and glory of God. For, even as the ancients used
the fairest figure of a man to represent their false god Apollo, we will
employ the same for Christ the Lord, who is fairest of all the earth;
and as they figured Venus as the loveliest of women, so will we in like
manner set down the same beauteous form for the most pure Virgin Mary,
the mother of God; and of Hercules will we make Samson, and thus will we
do with all the rest, for such books shall we get never more."
Wherefore, though that which is lost ariseth not again, yet a man may
strive after new lore; and for these reasons I have been moved to make
known my ideas here following, in order that others may ponder the
matter further, and may thus come to a new and better way and
I certainly do not deny that, if the books of the ancients who wrote
about the art of painting still lay before our eyes, my design might be
open to the false interpretation that I thought to find out something
better than what was known unto them. These books, however, have been
totally lost in the lapse of time; so I cannot be justly blamed for
publishing my opinions and discoveries in writing, for that is exactly
what the ancients did. If other competent men are thereby induced to do
the like, our descendants have something which they may add to and
improve upon, and thus the art of painting may in time advance and reach
Whether we should exercise our intellects or logical sense alone upon
the records and remains of past ages, or whether they may not be better
employed for the exercise and edification of the imaginative faculties,
would seem to be a question which, though they did not perhaps in set
terms put to themselves, modern historians have very summarily answered;
and I think answered wrongly. The records of the past, the records even
of yesterday, are necessarily extremely incomplete; to make them at all
significant something must be added by the historian. The 'perception'
of probability is never exact; it varies with the mind between man and
man; in the same man even before and after different experiences, &c.
But even if the perception of the highest probability were practically
exact, it would never suffice; for, as Aristotle says, "it is probable
that many things should happen contrary to probability." From these
facts it follows that the man who has the most exhaustive knowledge of
what has actually survived, and what has been recorded, will not
necessarily form the truest judgment on a question of history; it might
always happen that the intuition of some unscholarly person was nearer
the truth; still no man could ever decide between the two, nor would any
sane man think it worth his while to take sides with either of them;
such questions are most useful when they are left open. This is the case
because the imagination is thus left freer to use such knowledge as it
has for the edification of the character; and that model for our example
or warning which the imagination constructs may always possibly be the
truth. According to the balance in it of apparent probability, with
edifying power it will beget conviction. Such a conviction may be doomed
to be superseded sooner or later; its value lies in its potency while it
lasts. The temper in which we look at our historical heritage is of more
importance to us now than the exactitude of our vision; for this latter
can never be proved, while the former approves itself by the fruit it
bears within us. It is better, more fruitful, to feel with Dürer about
the art of Ancient Greece than to know all that can be known of it
to-day and feel a great deal less. "Character calls forth character,"
said Goethe; we may add, "even from the grave." Now that the physical
miracle of the Resurrection has come to seem so unimportant and
uninteresting to educated men, it might be a wise economy to connect its
poetry with this experience, that great and creative characters can
raise men better worth knowing than Lazarus from the dead. Nietsche
thought that Shakespeare had brought Brutus back to life, (though he
knew very little of Roman history), and that Brutus was the Roman best
worth knowing. "Of all peoples, the Greeks dreamt the dream of life the
best," Goethe said; and again, "For all other arts we have to make some
allowance; to Greek art alone we are for ever debtors." To feel the
truth of these sayings with a passion similar to that shown in the
passages quoted above from Dürer, must surely be a great help to an
artist. Such a passion is an end in itself, or rather is the only means
by which we can win spiritual freedom from some of the heavier fetters
that modern life lays upon us. It freed Goethe even from Germany.
How is beauty to be judged?--upon that we have to deliberate.
A man by skill may bring it into every single thing, for in some things
we recognise that as beautiful which elsewhere would lack beauty.
Good and better in respect of beauty are not easy to discern; for it
would be quite possible to make two different figures, one stout, the
other thin, which should differ one from the other in every proportion,
and yet we scarce might be able to judge which of the two excelled in
beauty. What beauty is I know not, though it dependeth upon many things.
I shall here apply to what is to be called beautiful the same touchstone
as that by which we decide what is right. For as what all the world
prizeth as right we hold to be right, so what all the world esteemeth
beautiful that we will also hold for beautiful, and ourselves strive to
produce the like.
There are many causes and varieties of beauty; he that can prove them is
so much the more to be trusted.
The accord of one thing with another is beautiful, therefore want of
harmony is not beautiful. A real harmony linketh together things unlike.
Use is a part of beauty, whatever therefore is useless unto men is
The more imperfection is excluded so much the more doth beauty abide in
Guard thyself from superfluity.
But beauty is so put together in men and so uncertain is our judgment
about it, that we may perhaps find two men both beautiful and fair to
look upon, and yet neither resembleth the other, in measure or kind, in
any single point or part; and so blind is our perception that we shall
not understand whether of the two is the more beautiful, and if we give
an opinion on the matter it shall lack certainty.
Negro faces are seldom beautiful because of their very flat noses and
thick lips; moreover, their shinbone is too prominent, and the knee and
foot too long, not so good to look upon as those of the whites; and so
also is it with their hand. Howbeit, I have seen some amongst them whose
whole bodies have been so well-built and handsome that I never beheld
finer figures, nor can I conceive how they might be bettered, so
excellent were their arms and all their limbs.
Seeing that man is the worthiest of all creatures, it follows that, in
all pictures, the human figure is most frequently employed as a centre
of interest. Every animal in the world regards nothing but his own kind,
and the same nature is also in men, as every man may perceive
[Illustration: Charcoal-drawing heightened with white on a green
prepared ground, in the Berlin Print Room _Face p_. 320]
Further, in order that he may arrive at a good canon whereby to bring
somewhat of beauty into our work, there-unto it were best for thee, it
bethinks me, to form thy canon from many living men. Howbeit seek only
such men as are held beautiful, and from such draw with all diligence.
For one who hath understanding may, from men of many different kinds,
gather something good together through all the limbs of the body. But
seldom is a man found who hath all his limbs good, for every man lacks
No single man can be taken as a model of a perfect figure, for no man
liveth on earth who uniteth in himself all manner of beauties.... There
liveth also no man upon earth who could give a final judgment upon what
the perfect figure of a man is; God only knoweth that.
And although we cannot speak of the greatest beauty of a living
creature, yet we find in the visible creation a beauty so far surpassing
our understanding that no one of us can fully bring it into his work.
If we were to ask how we are to make a beautiful figure, some would give
answer: According to human judgment (i.e., common taste). Others would
not agree thereto, neither should I without a good reason. Who will give
us certainty in this matter?
I have already given what I believe to be the best answer to these
questions as to what beauty is and how it is to be judged. Beauty is
beauty as good is good (_see_ pp. 7, 8), or yellow, yellow; indeed, to
the second question, Matthew Arnold has given the only possible
answer--the relative value of beauties is "as the judicious would
determine," and the judicious are, in matters of art "finely touched and
gifted men." This criterion obviously cannot be easily or hastily
applied, nor could one ever be quite sure that in any given case it had
been applied to any given effect. But for practical needs we see that it
suffices to cast a slur on facile popularity, and vindicate over and
over again those who had been despised and rejected. What the true
artist desires to bring into his pictures is the power to move
finely-touched and gifted men. Not only are such by very much the
minority, but the more part of them being, by their capacity to be moved
and touched, easily wounded, have developed a natural armour of reserve,
of moroseness, of prejudice, of combativeness, of pedantry, which makes
them as difficult to address as wombats, or bears, or tortoises, or
porcupines, or polecats, or elephants. It is interesting to witness how
Dürer's self-contradictions show him to be aware of the great complexity
of these difficulties, as also to see how very near he comes to the true
answer. At one time he tells us:
"When men demand a work of a master, he is to be praised in so far as he
succeeds in satisfying their likings ..."
At another he tells us:
"The art of painting cannot be truly judged save by such as are
themselves good painters; from others verily is it hidden even as a
Every "finely touched and gifted man" is not an artist; but every true
artist must, in some measure, be a finely touched and gifted man. There
is no necessity to limit the public addressed to those who themselves
produce: yet those who "can prove what they say with their hand" bring
credentials superior to those offered by any others,--although even
their judgment is not sure, as they may well represent a minority of
the true court of appeal which can never be brought together.
No doubt there is a judgment and a scale of values accepted as final by
each generation that gives any considerable attention to these
questions. Æsthetic appear to be exactly similar to religious
convictions. Those who are subject to them probably pass through many
successively, even though they all their lives hold to a certain fashion
which enables them to assert some obvious unity, like those who, in
religion, belong always to one sect. Yet if they were in a position to
analyse their emotions and leanings, no doubt very fundamental
contradictions would be discovered to disconcert them. Conviction and
enthusiasm in the arts and religion would seem to be the frame of mind
natural to those who assimilate, and are rendered productive by what
they study and admire. Convictions may never be wholly justifiable in
theory, but in practice when results are considered, it would seem that
no other frame of mind should escape censure.
[Footnote 87: "Literary Remains of Albrecht Dürer," p. 244.]
[Footnote 88: "Literary Remains of Albrecht Dürer," p. 245.]
[Footnote 89: _Idem_. p. 177.]
We regard a form and figure out of nature with more pleasure than
another, though the thing in itself is not necessarily altogether
better or worse.
Life in nature showeth forth the truth of these things (the words of
difference--i.e., the character of bodily habit to which they refer),
wherefore regard it well, order thyself thereby and depart not from
nature in thine opinions, neither imagine of thyself to invent aught
better, else shalt thou be led astray, for art standeth firmly fixed in
nature, and whoso can rend her forth thence he only possesseth her. If
thou acquirest her, she will remove many faults for thee from thy work.
Neither must the figure be made youthful before and old behind, or
contrariwise; for that unto which nature is opposed is bad. Hence it
followeth that each figure should be of one kind alone throughout,
either young or old, or middle-aged, or lean or fat, or soft or hard.
The more closely thy work abideth by life in its form, so much the
better will it appear; and this is true. Wherefore never more imagine
that thou either canst or shalt make anything better than God hath given
power to His creatures to do. For thy power is weakness compared to
God's creating hand. (_See_ continuation of passage, p. 10.)
Compare also passages quoted (pp. 289-291).
In these and other passages Dürer speaks about "nature," and enjoins on
the artist respect for and conformity to "nature" in a manner which
reminds us of that still current in dictums about art. Indeed, it seems
probable that Dürer's use of this term was almost as confused as that of
a modern art-critic. There are two senses in which the word nature is
employed, the confusion of which is ten times more confounded than any
of the others, and deserves, indeed, utter damnation, so prolific of
evil is it. We call the objects of sensory perception "nature"--whatever
is seen, heard, felt, smelt or tasted is a part of nature. And yet we
constantly speak of seeing, hearing, touching, smelling, and tasting
monstrous and unnatural things. And a monstrous and unnatural thing is
not merely one which is rare, but even more decidedly one of which we
disapprove. So that the second use of the term conveys some sense of
exceptionality, but far more of lack of conformity to human desires and
expectations. Now, many things which do not exist are perfectly natural
in this second sense: fairy-lands, heavens, &c. We perfectly understand
what is meant by a natural and an unnatural imagination, we perceive
readily all kind of degrees between the monstrous and the natural in
pure fiction. Now, this second use of the term nature is the only one
which is of any vital importance to our judgments upon works of art; yet
current judgments are more often than not based wholly on the first
sense, which means merely all objects perceived by the senses; and this,
draped in the authority and phrases belonging to judgments based on the
second and really pertinent sense.
Whole schools of painting and criticism have arisen and flourish whose
only reason for existence is the extreme facility with which this
confusion is made in European languages. It sounds so plausible that
some have censured Michael Angelo for bad drawing because men are not
from 9 to 15 or 16 heads high, and have not muscles so developed as the
gods and Titans of his creation. And others have objected to the angels,
the anatomical ambiguity of their wing articulations. To say that a
sketch or picture is out of tone or drawing damns, in many circles
to-day; in spite of the fact that the most famous masterpieces, if
judged by the same standard, would be equally offensive. This absurdity,
even where its grosser developments are avoided, breeds abundant
contradictions and confusion in the mouths of those who plume themselves
on culture and discernment. I hope not to have been too saucy,
therefore, in pointing out this pitfall to my readers in regard to these
sentences which I thought it worth while to quote from Dürer, merely
because if I did not do so I foresaw that they would be quoted
THE CHOICE OF AN ARTIST
In the great earnestness with which the difficulties that beset art and
the artist impressed him, Dürer intended to write a _Vade Mecum_ for
those who should come after him. He has left among his MS. papers many
plans, rough drafts, and notes for some such work, the form of which no
doubt changed from time to time. The one which gives us the most
comprehensive idea of his intentions is perhaps the following.
By the grace and help of God I have here set down all that I have learnt
in practice, which is likely to be of use in painting, for the service
of all students who would gladly learn. That, perchance, by my help they
may advance still further in the higher understanding of such art, as he
who seeketh may well do, if he is inclined thereto; for my reason
sufficeth not to lay the foundations of this great, far-reaching,
infinite art of true painting.
Item.--In order that thou mayest thoroughly and rightly comprehend what
is, or is called, an "artistic painter," I will inform thee and recount
to thee. If the world often goeth without an "artistic painter," whilst
for two or three hundred years none such appeareth, it is because those
who might have become such devote not themselves to art. Observe then
the three essential qualities following, which belong to the true artist
in painting. These are the three main points in the whole book.
I. The First Division of the book is the Prologue, and it compriseth
three parts (A, B, and C).
A. The first part of the Prologue telleth us how the lad should be
taught, and how attention should be paid to the tendency of his
temperament. It falleth into six parts:
1. That note should be taken of the birth of the child, in what Sign it
occurreth; with some explanations. (Pray God for a lucky hour!)
2. That his form and stature should be considered; with some
3. How he ought to be nurtured in learning from the first; with some
4. That the child should be observed, whether he learneth best when
kindly praised or when chidden; with explanations.
5. That the child be kept eager to learn and be not vexed.
6. If the child worketh too hard, so that he might fall under the hand
of melancholy, that he be enticed therefrom by merry music to the
pleasuring of his blood.
B. The second part of the Preface showeth how the lad should be brought
up in the fear of God and in reverence, that so he may attain grace,
whereby he may be much strengthened in intelligent art. It falleth into
1. That the lad be brought up in the fear of God and be taught to pray
to God for the grace of quick perception (_ubtilitet_) and to
2. That he be kept moderate in eating and drinking, and also in
3. That he dwell in a pleasant house, so that he be distracted by no
manner of hindrance.
4. That he be kept from women and live not loosely with them; that he
not so much as see or touch one; and that he guard himself from all
impurity. Nothing weakens the understanding more than impurity.
5. That he know how to read and write well, and be also instructed in
Latin, so far as to understand certain writings.
6. That such an one have sufficient means to devote himself without
anxiety (to his art), and that his health be attended to with medicines
C. The third part of the Prologue teacheth us of the great usefulness,
joy, and delight which spring from painting. It falleth into six parts:
1. It is a useful art when it is of godly sort, and is employed for holy
2. It is useful, and much evil is thereby avoided, if a man devote
himself thereto who else had wasted his time.
3. It is useful when no one thinks so, for a man will have great joy if
he occupy himself with that which is so rich in joys.
4. It is useful because a man gaineth great and lasting memory thereby
if he applieth it aright.
5. It is useful because God is thereby honoured when it is seen that He
hath bestowed such genius upon one of His creatures in whom is such
art. All men will be gracious unto thee by reason of thine art.
6. The sixth use is that if thou art poor thou mayest by such art come
unto great wealth and riches.
II. The Second Division of the book treateth of Painting itself; it also
A. The first part is of the freedom of painting; in six ways.
B. The second part is of the proportions of men and buildings, and what
is needful for painting; in six ways.
1. Of the proportions of men.
2. Of the proportions of horses.
3. Of the proportions of buildings.
4. Of perspective.
5. Of light and shade.
6. Of colours, how they are to be made to resemble nature.
C. The third part is of all that a man conceives as subject for
III. The Third Division of the book is the Conclusion; it also hath
A. The first part shows in what place such an artist should dwell to
practise his art; in six ways.
B. The second part shows how such a wonderful artist should charge
highly for his art, and that no money is too much for it, seeing that it
is divine and true; in six ways.
The third part speaks of praise and thanksgiving which he should render
unto God for His grace, and which others should render on his behalf;
in six ways.
It is in the variety and completeness of his intentions that we perceive
Dürer's kinship with the Renascence; he comprehends the whole of life in
his idea of art training.
In his persuasion of the fundamental necessity of morality he is akin to
the best of the Reformation. It is in the union of these two perceptions
that his resemblance to Michael Angelo lies. There is a rigour, an
austerity which emanates from their work, such as is not found in the
work of Titian or Rembrandt or Leonardo or Rubens or any other mighty
artist of ripe epochs. Yet we find both of them illustrating the
licentious legends of antiquity, turning from the Virgin to Amymone and
Leda, from Christ to Apollo and Hercules. By their action and example
neither joins either the Reformation or the Renascence in so far as
these movements may be considered antagonistic; nor did they find it
inconsistent to acknowledge their debt to Greece and Rome, even while
accepting the gift of Jesus' example as freely as it was offered.
Not only does Dürer insist on the necessity of a certain consonancy
between the surrounding influences and the artist's capacity, which
should be both called forth and relieved by the interchange of rivalry
with instruction, of seclusion with music or society, but the process
which Jesus made the central one of his religion is put forward as
essential; he must form himself on a precedent example. I have already
quoted from Reynolds at length on this point.
I will merely add here some notes from another MS. fragment of Dürer's
bearing on the same points.
He that would be a painter must have a natural turn thereto.
Love and delight therein are better teachers of the Art of Painting than
If a man is to become a really great painter he must be educated thereto
from his very earliest years. He must copy much of the work of good
artists until he attain a free hand.
To paint is to be able to portray upon a flat surface any visible thing
whatsoever that may be chosen.
It is well for any one first to learn how to divide and reduce, to
measure the human figure, before learning anything else.
[Footnote 90: The following list comes from another sheet of the MS.
(in. 70), but was dearly intended for this place. It is jotted down on a
thick piece of paper, on which there are also geometrical designs.]
If thou wishest to model well in painting, so as to deceive the
eyesight, thou must be right cunning in thy colours, and must know how
to keep them distinct, in painting, one from another. For example, thou
paintest two coats of mantles, one white the other red; thou must deal
differently with them in shading. There is light and shadow on all
things, wherever the surface foldeth or bendeth away from the eye. If
this were not so, everything would look flat, and then one could
distinguish nothing save only a chequerwork of colours.
If then thou art shading the white mantle, it must not be shaded with so
dark a colour as the red, for it would be impossible for a white thing
to yield so dark a shadow as a red. Neither could they be compared one
with another, save that in total absence of daylight everything is
black, seeing that colour cannot be recognised in darkness. Though,
therefore, in such a case, the theory allows one, without blame, to use
pure black for the shadows of a white object, yet this can seldom
come to pass.
Moreover, when thou paintest anything in one colour--be it red, blue,
brown, or any mixed colour--beware lest thou make it so bright in the
lights that it departs from its own kind. For example, an uneducated man
regardeth thy picture wherein is a red coat. "Look, good friend," saith
he, "in one part the coat is of a fair red and in another it is white
or pale in colour." That same is to be blamed, neither hast thou done it
aright. In such a case a red object must be painted red all over and yet
preserve the appearance of solidity; and so with all colours. The same
must be done with the shadows, lest it be said that a fair red is soiled
with black Wherefore be careful that thou shade each colour with a
similar colour. Thus I hold that a yellow, to retain its kind, must be
shaded with a yellow, darker toned than the principal colour. If thou
shade it with green or blue, it remaineth no longer in keeping, and is
no longer yellow, but becometh thereby a shot colour, like the colour of
silk stuffs woven of threads of two colours, as brown and blue, brown
and green, dark yellow and green, chestnut-brown and dark yellow, blue
and seal red, seal red and brown, and the many other colours one sees.
If a man hath such as these to paint, where the surface breaketh and
bendeth away the colours divide themselves so that they can be
distinguished one from another, and thus must thou paint them. But where
the surface lieth flat one colour alone appeareth. Howbeit, if thou art
painting such a silk and shadest it with one colour (as a brown with a
blue) thou must none the less shade the blue with a deeper blue where it
is needful. If often cometh to pass that such silks appear brown in the
shadows, as if one colour stood before the other. If thy model beareth
such a garment, thou must shade the brown with a deeper brown and not
with blue. Howbeit, happen what may, every colour must in shading keep
to its own class.
The great genius Hokusai, who has obtained for popular art in Japan a
success comparable to that of the best classic masterpieces of that
country and to the drawings and etchings of Rembrandt, a master of an
altogether kindred nature, wrote a little treatise on the difference of
aim noticeable in European and Japanese art. From the few Dutch pictures
which he had been able to examine, he concluded that European art
attempted to deceive the eye, whereas Japanese art laboured to express
life, to suggest movement, and to harmonise colour. What is meant is
easily grasped when we set before the mind's eye a picture, by Teniers
and a page of Hokusai's "Mangwa." On the other hand, if one chose a
sketch by Rembrandt to represent Dutch art, the difference could no
longer be apparent. If the aim of European art had ever in serious
examples been to deceive the eye, our painting would rank with
legerdemain and Maskelyne's famous box trick; for it is to be doubted if
it could ever so well have attained its end as even a second-rate
conjurer can. I have cited a passage in which Reynolds confronts the
work of great artists with the illusions of the camera obscura (see p.
237). The adept musical performer who reproduces the noises of a
farmyard is the true parallel to the lesser Dutch artists; he deceives
the ear far better than they deceive the eye. For every picture has a
surface which, unless very carefully lighted, must immediately destroy
the illusion, even if it were otherwise perfect. Nevertheless, Dürer in
the foregoing passage seems to accept Hokusai's verdict that the aim of
his painting is to deceive the eye; forgetful of all that he has
elsewhere written about the necessity of beauty, the necessity of
composition, the superiority of rough sketches over finished works.
When a painter has conceived in his heart a vision of beauty, whether he
suggests it with a few strokes of the pen or elaborates it as thoroughly
as Jan Van Eyck did, he wishes it to be taken as a report of something
seen. This is as different from wishing to deceive the eye as for some
one to say "and then a dog barked," instead of imitating the barking of
a dog. A circumstantial description in words and a picture by Van Eyck
or Veronese are equally intended to pass as reports of something
visually conceived or actually seen. Pictures would have to be made
peep-shows of before they could veritably deceive; and Jan Van Beers, a
modern Dutchman, actually turned some of his paintings into peep-shows.
Dürer in the following passage is speaking of the separate details or
objects which go to make up a picture, not of the picture as a whole; he
never tried to make peep-shows; his signature or an inscription is often
used to give the very surface that must destroy the peep-show illusion a
definite decorative value. The rest of his remarks have become
commonplaces; nor has he written at such length as to give them their
true limitations and intersubordination. They will be easily understood
by those who remember that art is concerned with producing the illusion
of a true report of something seen, not that of an actual vision. Such a
report may be slight and brief; it may be stammered by emotion; it may
have been confused or tortured to any degree by the mental condition of
him who delivers it: if it produces the conviction of his sincerity, it
achieves the only illusion with which art is concerned, and its value
will depend on its beauty and the beauty of the means employed to
After turning over Dürer prints and drawings, after meditating on his
writings, we feel that we are in the presence of one of those forces
which are constant and equal, which continue and remain like the growth
of the body, the return of seasons, the succession of moods. This is
always among the greatest charms of central characters: they are mild
and even, their action is like that of the tides, not that of storms.
"If only you had my meekness," Dürer wrote to Pirkheimer (set: p. 85),
half in jest doubtless, but with profound truth:--though the word
meekness does not indeed cover the whole of what we feel made Dürer's
most radical advantage over his friend; at other times we might call it
naïvety, that sincerity of great and simple natures which can never be
outflanked or surprised. Sometimes it might be called pride, for it has
certainly a great deal of self-assurance behind it, the self-assurance
of trees, of flowers, of dumb animals and little children, who never
dream that an apology for being where and what they are can be expected
of them. Such natures when they come home to us come to stop; we may go
out, we may pay no heed to them, we may forget them, but they abide in
the memory, and some day they take hold of us with all the more force
because this new impression will exactly tally with the former one; we
shall blush for our inconstancy, our indifference, our imbecility, which
have led us to neglect such a pregnant communion. Not only persons but
works of art produce this effect, and they are those with whom it is the
greatest benefit to live.
It is true that, compared with Giotto, Rembrandt, or Michael Angelo,
Dürer does not appear comprehensive enough. It is with him as with
Milton; we wish to add others to his great gifts, above all to take him
out from his surroundings, to free him from the accidents of place and
time. In one sense he is poorer than Milton: we cannot go to him as to a
source of emotional exhilaration. If he ever proves himself able so to
stir us, it is too occasionally to be a reason why we frequent him as it
may be one why we frequent Milton. Nevertheless, the greater characters
of control which are his in an unmatched degree, his constancy, his
resource and deliberate effectiveness, joined to that blandness, that
sunshine, which seems so often to replace emotion and thought in works
of image-shaping art, are of priceless beneficence, and with them we
would abide. Intellectual passion may seem indeed sometimes to dissipate
this sunshine and control without making good their loss. Such cases
enable us to feel that the latter are more essential: and it is these
latter qualities which Dürer possessed in such fulness. In return for
our contemplation, they build up within us the dignity of man and render
it radiant and serene. Those who have felt their influence longest and
most constantly will believe that they may well warrant the modern
prophet who wrote:
The idea of beauty and of human nature perfect on all its sides, which
is the dominant idea of poetry, is a true and invaluable idea, though it
has not yet had the success that the idea of conquering the obvious
faults of our animality and of a human nature perfect on the moral
side--which is the dominant idea of religion--has been enabled to have;
and it is destined, adding to itself the religious idea of a devout
energy, to transform and govern the other.
Angelico (Fra Beato)
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What do you do when you have hundreds of photos of hippos?
That’s not a joke. I’m asking.
Here’s what I’m doing with a few of them. Yes, Mike, just a few. You’re welcome, everyone else.
This is the Khwai River. It comes off the Okavango River and forms part of the northern border of Moremi Game Reserve. It’s not a very big river, at lease not here, but it seems like a good and reliable water source.
You can camp here in a community-operated campground, in actual designated campsites, but there are no amenities. We stayed here three years ago, but only for one night. I would stay here again for several nights, but I’m not sure it’s on the agenda this time around.
According to one source, hippos are the third largest land mammals, with elephants and rhinos out-sizing them. However, another source counts giraffes as larger than hippos. I’ll just say they’re enormous.
Multi-species photo: Hippo, egret, waterbucks, zebras
As in the hero of our tale.
“Hippopotamus” comes from the ancient Greek for “river horse.” The Greek adjective follows the noun, though, so it’s “hippo” that means “horse,” not “potamus.”
River, yes. Horse? Hmm . . . I don’t think so, ancient Greeks.
More like τελμα λουκανικο, or telma loukaniko, or telmaloukaniko. According to Google Translate, that’s “swamp sausage” in Greek! Although, technically, I think it would be λουκανικο τελμα.
Okay, probably not howling. Singing opera, perhaps. Actually, I don’t know if this one is vocalizing at all; it very well might be standing there with its mouth open. They do that. Apparently, facing another hippo with your mouth open is a sign of submission. (So I’m likely to be seen as no threat when I get face-to-face with a hippo, right?)
But perhaps I should point out that this one isn’t facing anyone. It might be looking at us, or not. It is walking from Pool A to Pool B.
I’m unclear what constitutes an aggressive yawn and what constitutes a submissive open mouth.
These two definitely seem to be sparring.
“Water scooping” is another common behavior that is said to be an aggressive display.
That’s a big scoop splash! Is this an exceptionally grumpy hippo?
A Fine Hippo How-Do-You-Do?
It started like this:
A Tale of Two Hippos turns into A Tail of One and A Tale of Woe.
See if you can make out what’s happening before I explain. Mike got a series of still photos, and I managed to make a bad (but mercifully short) video. In my defense, I was filming something else and had to swing over to this action while something else entirely was also screaming for my attention. Seriously, three things happening at once. It’s a wonder I got anything at all.
The still photos:
Fifteen-second video of the same, which you can see full-screen on YouTube.
Want to be a hippo?
Scientists have decided to call this “dung showering.” We have to call it something because it’s a common behavior. That’s right, everybody’s doing it, on land and in the water; although, not always in someone’s face. Sometimes they shower in solitude. Some people report watching two bulls standing head to tail do this to one another, and others have witnessed territorial males meet at a shared border and exchange excrement.
As always when it comes to animal behavior, we can only theorize about why hippos do this, but let’s do that, okay?*
- to demonstrate dominance
- to mark territory or announce one’s presence
- because hippos that did this survived, and hippos that didn’t do this died
- freedom of expression through exterior design
All quiet on the hippo front. Huh. This may be the most rare sighting—and photo—of the lot.
*I might be joking about one of these.
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Anticoagulants, also known as blood thinners, are medications prescribed for the prevention or treatment of blood clots by slowing down the formation of the blood clots. The most commonly prescribed anticoagulant is warfarin.For patients who are on anticoagulants, it is crucial to regularly check and monitor their international normalised ratio (INR) – a test that measures the time it takes for blood to clot. NHCS Anticoagulation Clinic (ACC) provides various programmes to patients on warfarin therapy who require INR monitoring.Caring remotely and effectivelySince 2016, NHCS ACC started a pilot telehealth service for selected patients who are on follow-up care. Comprising home INR monitoring and phone consultation, this telehealth service allows the care team to render care to patients in an effective and safe manner, while reduces the need for patients to make a physical visit the clinic at NHCS. This helps save patients and their caregivers’ time and money from travelling and waiting at the clinic.Patients who have unstable INR and require frequent monitoring are encouraged to sign up for this telehealth service, which is run by a team of trained Advanced Practice Nurses and Pharmacists. Prior to enrolment, the care team will assess the patients’ suitability for the programme. Patients will be required to have their own portable ‘point-of-care’ (POC) INR test devices (for home-based use). They will be taught on how to perform INR self-test at home and send their results via a secured web application.Upon receiving the INR results, the care team will call the patients the next working day to conduct a routine check on patients’ well-being such as symptoms, bleeding signs, lifestyle, diet and medications. Patients will also be advised on the appropriate adjusted warfarin dosage, if necessary, and the next self-test schedule and appointment. The entire phone consultation will be documented and assessed clinically.NHCS ACC had successfully enrolled more than 100 patients for the Home INR monitoring service since its official launch in July 2020.Developing predictive model for self-titrationRecognising the need to further enhance INR monitoring, the ACC team began to research and study past prescribing data, so as to develop a predictive model for warfarin titration and validate an algorithm for self-titration. Till date, the team has identified more than 7,000 patients who had undergone clinic-based warfarin titration, and with the analysis of over 253,000 INR values and 285,000 warfarin prescriptions, the team hopes to be able to establish a predictive model and algorithm in three years, which could potentially help patients to perform self-titration of the warfarin dosages more effectively.Empowering self-management INR careWhile these initiatives were recently rolled out, brainstorming and discussions for ideas began as early as five years ago when the CC team saw the need to provide an alternative to the standard face-to-face treatment at the clinic, “We hope that such initiatives will empower patients to better manage their own health at home and bring about improved health outcomes. We are happy to see many patients who could self-test more frequently at home, and are taking a faster time to reach therapeutic range,” shared Asst Prof Fam Jiang Ming, Senior Consultant from the Department of Cardiology at NHCS, who is also currently leading the ACC team.The team plans to transit selected patients from a traditional clinic-based model to a home-based patient-led (self-management) model, which can lead to both cost and time savings for both patients and the healthcare institution.While the ACC service is in the process of evolving into a full-fledged clinical service, the team foresees a demand for such telemedicine services in the near future. Visualising on advancement in clinical care, the team envisaged that patients would be transited from a semi-autonomous care model, in which they perform INR self-testing followed by warfarin dose titration guided by the healthcare professionals remotely, to a fully-autonomous care model where patients are able to self-test and self-titrate, with the help of a software-based algorithm that can recommend warfarin dosages and intervals. In this model, healthcare professionals can monitor the progress of these patients remotely at predetermined intervals and actively manage their conditions only when necessary.
Patients who are interested in Home INR Monitoring may speak to their care team.
This article is from Murmurs Issue 40 (May – August 2021). Click here to read the full issue.
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2Tmgma−=so that when a= 0, the tension is T= 466 N. (b) When a= +1.30 m/s2the equation in part (a) predicts that the tension will be 527 NT=.(c) When the man is not holding the rope (instead, the co-worker attached to the ground is pulling on the rope with a force equal to the tension Tin it), there is only one contact point between the rope and the man-and-chair, and Newton’s second law now leads to Tmgmaso that when a= 0, the tension is T= 931 N. (d) When a= +1.30 m/s2, the equation in (c) yields T= 1.05 ×103N. (e) The rope comes into contact (pulling down in each case) at the left edge and the right edge of the pulley, producing a total downward force of magnitude 2
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The Albanian Media Institute (AMI) was established by the end of 1995, thanks to the grant provided by DANIDA and the assistance of the Danish School of Journalism. After more than a decade AMI has been consolidated, constituting at present one of the main actors of civil society in Albania and one of most important journalistic training institutions in the Balkan region.
The mission of AMI is:
- to become a training centre for the journalists of Albania;
- to co-ordinate and support the activities related to the training of journalists and the overall development of media in Albania;
- to undertake studies and projects in support of the development of the Albanian media;
- to establish relations with similar foreign and international organizations;
- to facilitate and make possible the increase of funds and adopt financial strategies which assure long-term sustainability;
- to participate in the legislative processes in the field of media;
- to establish strong relations with the Faculty of Journalism at the Tirana University.
- to create special units for conducting opinion polls.
Albanian Media Institute has succeeded in having a substantial support from the Swiss Development Agency, SOROS Foundation, IREX, and other partners and donors. This support has been materialized in organizing training courses in different fields of journalism, establishing and maintaining an Internet studio that offers free service to journalistic community, organizing joint activities, conferences, and roundtables, promoting media dialogue and developing media policies, as well as sharing the same facilities.
Every year, approximately 300 Albanian journalists participate in the training courses of AMI. The Institute has established a team of about 15 Albanian trainers, who teach in most of the courses, organized by AMI. After years of work in cooperation with its donor community new training formats have been initiated and these formats serve today as models in other similar centers in the region.
At present, AMI is substantially engaged in media policy issues in Albania, such as the improvement of media legislation, Code of Ethics, various issues related to freedom of expression, access to information etc. In addition, the Institute has organized several research works, the most important one being “Monitoring Albanian Media Landscape”. AMI has published within the last 5 years approximately 20 books in the fields of journalism, PR, etc, filling in this way the existing voids.
With the support of SDC, AMI has completed an extensive project in the field of PR, becoming one of the early pioneers in this area.
AMI has played an important role in regional projects, in particular after the SEENPM (a Network of 17 media centers of SEE) was established upon AMI’s initiative in 2000. AMI held the SEENPM Presidency during its first two years.
AMI is presently member of several international organizations, such as EJTA (where it had one chair in the board for 2001- 2003), World Association of Newspapers, Reporting Diversity Network, etc.In the last years AMI has also been engaged in activities that aim to foster a better understanding of children issues and their proper implementation. For example, AMI has partnered with UNICEF in training Albanian journalists on the coverage of children issues, children rights, as well as in the training of school students that participate in the children’s program “Troc”.
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