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limb traumas are among the most painful and stressful events , that anybody may experience during his or her life .
so long as pain control is concerned , morphine remains the gold standard for analgesia .
it has been the standard analgesic for many years , and the effects of newer analgesics are often expressed in com... | background : we assessed the effects of low - dose iv ketamine - midazolam versus morphine on pain control in patients with closed limb fracture(s ) ; and also compared the incidence of adverse events ( cardio - pulmonary ) between two groups.materials and methods : this prospective , single - blind , non - inferiorit... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Study procedures and outcome measure
Study design and Patients
Study analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
Limitations
CONCLUSIONS
AUTHOR'S CONTRIBUTIONS |
a pregnant 23-year - old female with a six - year history of type 1 diabetes presented with a complaint of increased blur in both eyes for the previous two months .
best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 ou . slit - lamp examination was entirely unremarkable in both eyes .
dilated funduscopic examination was signific... | we present a case of diabetic macular edema in a pregnant patient treated with a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonomide .
initial presentation and serial examinations after treatment included visual acuity , slit - lamp examination , indirect ophthalmoscopy , and optical coherence tomography .
... | Case report
Discussion |
it is the most frequent cause of acute liver failure when acetaminophen overdose is included and is therefore medically relevant , exhibiting a high morbidity and mortality .
it is also of economic importance and represents the second most frequent cause for drug withdrawal from the pharmaceutical market .
many agents ... | drug - induced liver injury ( dili ) is a potentially fatal adverse event with significant medical and economic impact .
many drugs , especially anti - infective , neurologic or pain - modifying substances , act as hepatotoxins . with cardiovascular toxicity ,
liver toxicity is one of the two leading causes for dr... | Introduction
Diagnosing DILI: future biomarkers
Management and outlook
Disclosures |
need can be defined as whatever is required for health or comfort ; though there are various ways to look at it as normative , felt , expressed , fundamental , etc .
a person with psychiatric disorder needs all things that anybody needs to lead a good life .
a person 's need at a given point of time is likely to be i... | background : female patients hospitalized for a long duration in psychiatric hospitals are a special population with unique needs.aims and objectives : to assess rehabilitation needs of chronic female inpatients attending psychiatric rehabilitation services in a tertiary care psychiatric hospital.materials and methods... | INTRODUCTION
Aim
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Interview schedule
Sample
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Limitations
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
guidelines would be the syntheses of the best available evidences , in addition to professional judgment and patient preferences , support decision - making by clinicians , managers and policy makers about the organization , delivery and improvement of health care [ 1 - 8 ] . according to the world health organization ... | backgroundguidelines have produced and used in complex environment of health care system with its ethical , economical , legal and other aspects ; that should be taken into account in any country .
modifying the format and content of guidelines might facilitate their usage and lead to improved quality of care and co... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
orthognathic surgery can affect the oropharyngeal airway through skeletal displacement and changes in the positions of the hyoid bone and tongue1 .
the main concern regarding pharyngeal dimensional changes caused by orthognathic surgery is patient sleep quality1 .
up to 25% of adults suffer from obstructive sleep apnea... | objectivesany change in maxilla and mandible position can alter the upper airway , and any decrease in the upper airway can cause sleep disorders .
thus , it is necessary to assess airway changes after repositioning of the maxilla and mandible during orthognathic surgery .
the purpose of this study was to evaluate... | I. Introduction
II. Materials and Methods
1. Participants
2. Inclusion criteria
3. Exclusion criteria
4. Imaging procedure
5. 2D and 3D
6. Data analysis
III. Results
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusion |
palatal tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by rhythmic contraction of the soft palate .
palatal tremor is most often symptomatic , secondary to brainstem or cerebellar disease and , in rarer cases , is categorized as essential in the absence of documented brain lesions.1 some authors have documented hyper... | palatal tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by rhythmic contractions of the soft palate .
it is most often symptomatic , secondary to brainstem or cerebellar disease and , in rarer cases , is categorized as essential in the absence of documented brain lesions .
there have also been reports in the lite... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
clinical clues apparent on examination can expand or narrow the differential diagnosis substantially , even when the patient is seen first for management of a life - threatening condition in the intensive care unit ( icu ) .
we present a female patient with presumed chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy ( c... | we present a female patient who was referred for management of respiratory failure . she was being evaluated and managed as worsening chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy with type 2 respiratory failure .
initial examination showed hypertrichosis , clubbing and papilledema along with severe distal and p... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion |
however , there are several controversies in the operative indication , surgical approach and the best treatment method .
the gold standard in the treatment of distal radius fracture remains uncertain.1 cast treatment with or without closed reduction has long been considered a viable option for treatment of distal radi... | background : fractures of distal radius are common injury in all age groups . cast treatment with or without close reduction is a viable option .
however , the results are often unsatisfactory with restricted function .
the open reduction and internal fixation often results in extensive soft tissue dissection and ... | I
M
Operative procedure
R
D |
insulin plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis by regulating the balance between glucose production by the liver and glucose uptake by muscle and adipose tissues . in adipocytes and myocytes
, insulin regulates glucose transport by controlling the translocation of the glucose transporter , ( glut)4 .
ir has a rat... | metabolic syndrome ( mets ) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that includes obesity , diabetes , and dyslipidemia .
accumulating evidence implies that mets contributes to the development and progression of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) ; however , the factors connecting this association have not been determi... | Metabolic syndrome and insulin signaling
Insulin signaling in the brain
MetS and AD
IR and tau
IR and A
Insulin signaling as a therapeutic target of AD
Conclusion |
studies that only infuse oxytocin into participants and then make claims about human behavior are suspect .
this approach does not identify what the brain itself is doing during social interactions , including neurochemical promotion and inhibition of oxytocin synthesis and dose - response relationships between oxytoci... | editor s note : the man behind the discovery of the behavioral effect of a neurochemical in the brain called oxytocin wondered if the molecule might motivate people to engage in cooperative behaviors . in a series of tests using videos
, his lab discovered that compelling narratives cause oxytocin release and have t... | Provoking the Brain
Narrative Immersion
Attention-getting
Do We Know a Good Story When We See One? |
enamel demineralization is a significant problem and can cause major clinical complications of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances .
prevalence of white spot lesions after orthodontic treatment was reported to vary from one - third up to 96% in patients undergoing fixed appliance therapy .
the placement of fixe... | aim : to evaluate the effect of the application of either fluoride varnish ( fv ) or amorphous calcium phosphate ( acp ) as preventive method on shear bond strength ( sbs ) at the same time of their bonding in vitro using self - etching primer ( sep ) as an agent for enamel pre - treatment fv.materials and methods : s... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Application of FV or ACP (TM-GC) and SEP
Bonding Procedure
Debonding Strength Testing
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
an 8-year - old girl was admitted to the pediatric department of the balaji hospital , chrompet , chennai with the complaints of with high grade fever of 4 days duration associated with nonbilious vomiting , watery stools , abdominal pain , and reduced appetite .
a complete blood count showed a total white cell count o... | a rare case of typhoid presenting with thrombocytopenia , hyponatremia , ascites mesenteric adenitis , and multi - drug resistance is being presented in this article .
an 8-year - old girl was admitted with a history of fever , vomiting , abdominal pain and loose stools .
clinical examination revealed fever and he... | Case Report
Investigations
Diagnosis
Treatment
Discussion |
polymorphous low - grade adenocarcinoma ( plga ) has been known as a comparatively less aggressive malignant tumor that predominantly occurs in the minor salivary glands .
it has been reported to occur rarely in the palate and the prognosis of this lesion is far better than adenocarcinoma as the regional metastasis wou... | introductionpolymorphous low - grade adenocarcinoma ( plga ) has been known as a comparatively less aggressive malignant tumor that predominantly occurs in the minor salivary glands .
it has presented as a painless , slow growing tumor in the oral cavity .
it has been reported to occur rarely in the palate and the... | Introduction
Case Presentation
Conclusions
1. Introduction
2. Case Presentation
3. Discussion
3.1. Treatment
3.2. Conclusions |
lymphatic filariasis is common in tropical countries and is endemic in india with most infections caused by wuchereria bancrofti .
the microfilaria are not just confined to the lymphatic system , but also associated with other organs , subcutaneous tissues , and serous cavities like pleura and pericardium .
demonstrati... | filariasis presenting with pericardial effusion with tamponade is rare .
we report a case of a 30-year - old female who was admitted with severe dyspnea and chest pain since 2 days .
echocardiogram showed massive pericardial effusion with tamponade .
pericardial fluid aspiration drained 1.2 l of hemorrhagic flui... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
meningioma is the most common type of benign brain tumor , whereas ectopic meningioma , although reported , is rare .
the head and neck region is the most common ectopic site whereas the scalp , skin , orbit , paranasal sinuses , salivary glands , and intraosseous or intradiploic regions can also be affected [ 25 ] . i... | highlightsintraosseous meningiomas may be confused with fibrous dysplasia and/or osteoid osteoma.lesions appear either as osteoblastic or osteolytic lesions.usually presents as a painless palpable mass associated with headaches.embryological remnants of neuroectodermal tissue or cellular dedifferentiation seem to just... | Introduction
Presentation of case
Discussion
Conclusions
Conflict of interest
Funding
Ethical approval
Consent
Authors contributions |
according to the taiwan department of health , the cumulative death rates from coronary artery disease , stroke , and diabetes are 152 cases per 100,000/yr , which nearly equals the death rate from malignancies .
these ' modern diseases ' are a huge burden , not only to the patients themselves , but also to their famil... | the impact the metabolic syndrome ( mets ) components on the severity of insulin resistance ( ir ) has not been reported .
we enrolled 564 subjects with mets and they were divided into quartiles according to the level of each component ; and an insulin suppression test was performed to measure ir . in males , steady... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects
Laboratory evaluation
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
quality of life ( ql ) may be defined as an individual s perception of their well - being .
health - related ql reflects the impact of a healthy state on a person s ability to lead a fulfilling life , and covers the individual s satisfaction in physical , functional , psychological , and social domains.1 studies2,3 hav... | backgroundquality of life ( ql ) can be defined as the individual s perception of their own well - being .
aphasia is the most important potential consequence of stroke and has a profound effect on a patient s life , causing emotional distress , depression , and social isolation , due to loss of language functions.a... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Subjects
Materials
Quality of life questionnaire for aphasics
Psychometric analysis
Results
Reliability
Validity
Convergent and discriminant validity
Sensitivity to the severity of aphasia
Sensitivity to time from stroke
Differences between PWA and control subjects
Discussion
Conclusi... |
the patient was a 23-year - old woman , a known case of arnold - chiari malformation with peripheral neuropathy and muscular atrophy , who presented with headache , drowsiness , decreased vision , and severe gait dysfunction lasting for several years .
brain magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) confirmed a hypointense - ... | chiari malformations are a congenital heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by anatomic anomalies of the cerebellum , brain stem , and craniocervical junction associated with downward displacement of the cerebellum , alone or with lower medulla , into the cervical spine canal .
the patient was a 23-year - o... | Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion |
asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by marked eosinophilic inflammation , leading to progressive airway remodeling and impaired airflow .
therefore , asthma treatment includes the use of anti - inflammatory drugs to reduce the progression of airway impairment at an early stage .
the inhaled co... | purposea combination therapy with inhaled corticosteroid ( ics ) and a long - acting agonist ( laba ) is the standard treatment for asthmatic patients , and step - down treatment is recommended once control has been achieved . however , little data exist that evaluate the long - term outcomes after step - down treatm... | Introduction
Material and methods
Study subjects
Study design
Outcome parameters
Data analysis
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
a 51-year - old man ( height 183 cm , weight 96 kg ) was admitted for radical nephrectomy with the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma .
he had undergone surgery for varicose veins under general anesthesia 3 months prior ; his tobacco use was 1 pack / day for 30 years and alcohol consumption was soju 1 bottle / day , 3 -... | rhabdomyolysis is a rare but potentially lethal clinical syndrome that results from acute muscle fiber necrosis with leakage of muscle constituents into blood .
this devastating disease could be due to muscle compression caused by urologic positioning for a lengthy nephrectomy . in this
regard , laparoscopic renal... | Case Report
Discussion |
in 1990 , the direct gene transfer of plasmid dna into mouse muscle in vivo without the need for a special delivery system was demonstrated . furthermore , intramuscular inoculation with plasmid dna encoding reporter genes induced protein expression within the muscle cells .
this study provided evidence for the idea th... | dna vaccination is a relatively recent development in vaccine methodology .
it is now possible to undertake a rational step - by - step approach to dna vaccine design .
strategies may include the incorporation of immunostimulatory sequences in the backbone of the plasmid , co - expression of stimulatory molecules ... | Review
Regulatory elements
Kozak sequences
Codon usage
Conclusions
Competing interests
Authors' contributions |
osteoarthritis ( oa ) is a chronic musculoskeletal disease characterized by loss of articular
cartilage and changes in the subchondral bone .
several risk factors ( e.g. , age , female gender , hypothyroidism , race ,
genetic susceptibility , and obesity ) are associated with oa1 .
thyroid hormones might be
of ke... | [ purpose ] the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypothyroidism on
femoral cartilage thickness by using ultrasound , which has been found to be useful in the
early diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis . [ subjects and methods ] forty patients diagnosed
with hypothyroidism and 30 age- , gender- , s... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
Discussion |
maintaining the health of australia 's ageing population is a priority for governments and healthcare providers , not only to improve quality of life but also to minimise the burden of ill health on existing resources . ensuring that older people get the recommended amount of daily physical activity is a key way to imp... |
introduction . cycling can be an enjoyable way to meet physical activity recommendations and is suitable for older people ; however cycling participation by older australians is low .
this qualitative study explored motivators , enablers , and barriers to cycling among older people through an age - targeted cyclin... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Ethical Approval
4. Results
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions |
briefly , diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was made according to criteria by the australasian pediatric endocrine group diabetes register and national guidelines .
baseline assessment and retinal photography was performed at the initial visit during the recruitment period . of 1,159 participants who had retinal photographs... | objectiveto describe retinal microvascular geometric parameters in young patients with type 1 diabetes.research design and methodspatients with type 1 diabetes ( aged 1220 years ) had clinical assessments and retinal photography following standardized protocol at a tertiary - care hospital in sydney . retinal microvas... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Risk factors assessment
Retinal photography and retinal image analysis
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
Supplementary Material |
neural tube defects ( ntds ) , including spina bifida , anencephaly , and encephalocele , are among the most common birth defects and cause morbidity and mortality among fetuses and babies .
approximately one third of 4,000 pregnancies with ntds end with spontaneous or induced abortion , so there are about 2,500 live b... |
background and objective .
daily folic acid intake , prior to conception and in early pregnancy , significantly reduces neural tube defects ( ntds ) .
we compared folic acid consumption among jewish and bedouin women and the recommendations of family physicians and gynecologists .
methods .
we compared 64 ... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
stanford type a acute aortic dissection ( aad ) is a challenge due to high mortality risk in acute phase . during the last decades , thanks to diagnostic and intensive care improvements , evolving surgical techniques , and perioperative management , the early mortality rate has progressively decreased , as confirmed in... | objective : in case of concomitant aortic regurgitation ( ar ) valve , sparing operation is considered the first choice in selected patients .
the aim of this retrospective clinical and echocardiographic study was to evaluate the long - term survival results of conservative approach and the determinants of recurrent... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Surgical techniques
Echocardiographic analysis
Clinical follow-up
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Mortality and re-operations
Predictors of aortic valve regurgitation
DISCUSSION
Limitations
CONCLUSIONS
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
epidemiological and observational studies indicate hypertension as a major cause of chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
in fact , hypertension and ckd are strongly connected because hypertension is both a cause and a consequence of ckd .
hypertensive patients with ckd present higher morbidity and mortality rates when comp... | ambulatory arterial stiffness index ( aasi ) is a parameter obtained from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ( abpm ) that correlates with clinical endpoints .
the aim of this study was to compare aasi in nondiabetic hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease ( ckd ) .
subjects with systemic a... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
pfeiffer syndrome ( ps ) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder , originally described by pfeiffer in 1964 , and is characterized by an acrocephalic skull , regressed midface , syndactyly of hands and feet , and broad thumbs and big toes , with a wide range of variable severity ( 1 - 3 ) .
ps is known to be c... | pfeiffer syndrome is as rare as apert syndrome in the western population .
this condition is very rare in the asian population and has not been previously reported in korea .
the authors report with a review of literature the case of a newborn baby with pfeiffer syndrome , manifested by bicoronal craniosynostosis ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
male landrace pigs ( 19 to 26 kg ) were pre - dosed orally with aspirin and clopidogrel 24 h before surgery , and they were maintained on this dual antiplatelet therapy throughout the study to reduce the risk of in - stent thrombosis .
vascular access was obtained by femoral artery cutdown and the insertion of a 6-f t... | backgrounddrug - eluting stents reduce the incidence of in - stent restenosis , but they result in delayed arterial healing and are associated with a chronic inflammatory response and hypersensitivity reactions . identifying novel interventions to enhance wound healing and reduce the inflammatory response may improve ... | Methods
Results
Discussion
Study limitations
Conclusions
Appendix |
the genetic events and their relationship to the complex interaction with the microenvironment transforming normal melanocytes into melanoma are under intensive investigation .
in the last decade melanoma was dissected into several molecular subgroups on the basis of genomic alterations , including mutations , deletion... | melanoma today is considered as a spectrum of melanocytic malignancies characterised by clinical and molecular features , including targetable mutations in several kinases such as braf or c - kit .
the successful development of therapies targeting these mutations has resulted in new specific treatment options .
th... | Introduction
Molecular dissection of melanoma
Breakthrough with kinase inhibitor therapy in melanoma subgroups
Conflict of interest statement |
enantioseparation ( es ) and enantiodiscrimination ( ed ) are , therefore , mandatory steps in the elucidation of enantiospecific biological functions on the molecular level .
interestingly , ed with isotropic solution nmr was first demonstrated by pirkle,1 who also developed enantioseparating chromatographic phases.2 ... | abstractenantiodiscrimination and enantioseparation are two highly important processes in chemistry , often performed by using nmr spectroscopy and chromatography . for a better understanding of the mechanistic details ,
the same system should be studied by both methods .
in addition , isotropic and anisotropic nm... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Chromatographic Separation
Selectivity Factor
Generalized Degree of Order
Conclusions
Experimental Section
Supporting information |
this prospective , multicenter , open - label , surveillance study was conducted between august 2006 and march 2009 at 26 clinical practice sites in korea . at the time
all patients provided voluntary , signed informed consent before the commencement of any study - related procedures .
the main inclusion criteria for e... | purposeto assess the effectiveness and tolerability of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion ( csa ) 0.05% in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease in korea.methodsthis was a prospective , multicenter , open - label , surveillance study of 392 korean patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease who were trea... | Materials and Methods
Study design and setting
Study participants
Study protocol
Outcome measures
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion |
population growth has increased the demand for food ; rising prosperity has increased the demand for quality food . at the same time , consumers demand convenience foods , since they are becoming increasingly health conscious ; therefore , there is a need to diversify food products .
wheat is being used as a staple foo... | this study is aimed to assess the suitability of t. aestivum wheat milled products and its combinations with t. durum semolina with additives such as ascorbic acid , vital gluten and hpmc ( hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ) for pasta processing quality characteristics such as pasta dough rheology , microstructure , coo... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
with the increasing burden of patients with multiple disease states , the drug therapy has grown more complex . the complex therapeutic regimens increase the risk of drug - drug interaction ( ddi ) to a great extent .
ddi is said to occur when the effect of one drug is altered by the concurrent administration of other ... | aim : drug - drug interaction ( ddi ) is of major concern in patients with complex therapeutic regimens .
the involvement of cardiovascular medicines in drug interaction is even higher .
however , reports of ddi between these groups of drugs are few .
the study aims to identify the potential ddi among hospitaliz... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
None
Setting and Study Design
Study Population
Tools Used
Operational Modality
Statistical Analysis
Ethics
Results
None
Characteristics of Study Population
Potential Drug Interactions
Risk Factors
Discussion
Conclusion |
important risk factors for thoracic actinomycosis are underlying respiratory disorders such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.different ct patterns can be distinguished in thoracic actinomycosis : parenchymal , bronchiectatic , endobronchial and extrapulmonary.typical ct findings in the parenchymal pattern are a cent... | backgroundthoracic actinomycosis is an uncommon , chronic suppurative bacterial infection caused by actinomyces species , especially actinomyces israelii.methodsit is usually seen in immunocompetent patients with respiratory disorders , poor oral hygiene , alcoholism and chronic debilitating diseases.resultswe illustr... | None
Introduction
Parenchymal actinomycosis
Bronchiectatic actinomycosis
Endobronchial actinomycosis
Extrapulmonary spread
Conclusions |
the anatomy of the scapular neck may have significant implications for rtsa design , surgical planning , and reduction of associated complications .
reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ( rtsa ) is a popular treatment for rotator cuff tear arthropathy and other painful shoulder conditions in which the rotator cuff is de... | purpose : reverse total shoulder arthroplasty ( rtsa ) may be used to treat a variety of pathologic shoulder conditions , but complications such as scapular notching continue raise concerns .
variable anatomy surrounding the glenoid may have implications for future rtsa design , but at present the anatomy of the sca... | Clinical Relevance:
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
no clear etiology has been associated with most ependymomas to date . unlike many other cancers
for which existing familial cancer syndromes provided important clues for our initial understanding of tumorigenic mechanisms , there are few known familial ependymoma syndromes .
we do know , however , that there is increas... | brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children , with ependymoma being the third most common and posing a significant clinical burden .
its mechanism of pathogenesis , reliable prognostic indicators , and effective treatments other than surgical resection have all remained elusive . until recently , ... | Familial Syndromes and Risk Factors
Cytogenetic Abnormalities
Molecular Genetic Aberrations
Epigenetics
Gene Expression Profiles
Cells of Origin of Ependymoma
Conclusion and Future Directions |
circadian rhythms are the regular ; near 24 hs rest / wake patterns seen in normal individuals . there is a progressive deterioration of circadian rhythms with aging .
these include changes in the sleep wake cycle manifested by reductions in sleep quality and impairment in cognitive performance [ 1 , 2 ] .
furthermore ... | circadian rhythm disturbances ( crds ) affect as many as a quarter of alzheimer 's disease ( ad ) patients during some stage of their illness .
alterations in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and melatonin secretion are the major factors linked with the cause of crds . as a result , the normal physiology of sleep , the b... | 1. Introduction
2. What does Cause CRDs?
3. Common AD Symptoms Related to CRDs
4. Treatment Approaches
5. Recommendations/Conclusions |
generalized vitiligo ( gv ) is a complex disorder in which acquired , progressive , multifocal loss of pigmentation of skin and hair results from loss of melanocytes from the affected areas ( taeb and picardo , 2009 ; birlea et al . , 2011b ) . while the striking phenotype of gv has been recognized for thousands of yea... | generalized vitiligo ( gv ) is a complex disease in which patchy depigmentation results from autoimmune loss of melanocytes from affected regions . genetic analyses of gv span six decades , with the goal of understanding biological mechanisms and elucidating pathways that underlie the disease .
the earliest studies ... | INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
CANDIDATE GENE ASSOCIATION STUDIES
GENOMEWIDE LINKAGE STUDIES
GENOMEWIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES
PERSPECTIVE |
the increasing prevalence of advanced chronic kidney disease [ ackd ; estimated glomerular filtration rate ( egfr ) < 30 ml / min/1.73 m ] has led to increasing morbidity mortality and socio - economic costs .
implementation of adequate infrastructure to care for this population will decrease cardiovascular morbidity ... | there is a long distance between the actual worldwide reality in advanced chronic kidney disease care and the desire of how these patients should be managed to decrease cardiovascular and general morbidity and mortality .
implementation of adequate infrastructures may improve clinical outcomes and increase the use o... | Current status and pitfalls in pre-dialysis care
Consequences of the existing deficiencies
Inequality of care and limitations in patient education and selectionchoice for RRT technique
Impact on outcomes
Efficiency of care
Proposals for improvement
Conclusions |
most clinical presentations of the disease are as a result of a critical narrowing of arterial lumen or a sudden thrombotic occlusion caused by the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque .
unfortunately prediction of such clinically adverse events is difficult by clinical judgement or symptoms alone.1)2)3 ) comprehensive ap... | coronary computed tomography angiography ( ccta ) has high negative predictive power for detecting coronary artery disease .
however ccta is limited by moderate positive predictive power in the detection of myocardial ischemia .
this is not unexpected because the diameter of a stenosis is a poor indicator of myoca... | Introduction
Demonstrating the Presence of Coronary Artery Disease
Prediction of Future Coronary Heart Disease Incidents
Roles of CCTA on Determining the Treatment Policy of Coronary Artery Disease
Conclusions |
hemoglobin is a remarkable molecular machine that uses motion and small structural changes to regulate its action .
once the first heme binds oxygen , it introduces small changes in the structure of the corresponding protein chain . the main function of red blood cell is transfer of o2 from lungs to tissue and transfer... | we investigated the electrochemical behavior of hemoglobin by glassy carbon electrode modified with mn2o3-ag nanofibers .
the mn2o3-ag nanofibers were used as facilitator electron transfer between hb and glassy - carbon - modified electrode .
the mn2o3-ag nanofibers are studied by scanning electron microscopy ( se... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
diabetes and the metabolic derangements typical of diabetes are associated with poor prognosis in cancer [ 111 ] . in perhaps the most comprehensive study to date
; barone and colleagues performed a systematic review and meta - analysis of the literature and found that preexisting diabetes was associated with statist... | our study describes the incidence and risk factors for undiagnosed diabetes in elderly cancer patients . using surveillance , epidemiology , and end results - medicare data
, we followed patients with breast , colorectal , lung , or prostate cancer from 24 months before to 3 months after cancer diagnosis .
medicar... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions |
ramadan is a holy month in the islamic calendar during which muslims all over the world observe a fast between dawn and sunset . during ramadan ,
muslims who are ill or have health conditions that may deteriorate upon fasting , including patients with diabetes , are exempt .
however , fasting during ramadan is highly r... |
objectives . this study aimed to examine the effect of ramadan fasting on hba1c in muslim patients with type 2 diabetes . the incidence of hypoglycemia and glycemic changes in relation to the adjustment of doses of antidiabetic agents , diet , and physical activity during ramadan was also evaluated . methods .
thi... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussions
5. Conclusions |
fifteen type 1 diabetic patients with proliferative retinopathy , an indicator of microangiopathy resulting from chronic hyperglycemia ( type 1 diabetes ) , 29 type 1 diabetic patients without manifest microvascular complications ( type 1 diabetes ) , and 26 healthy control subjects matched for sex and education level ... | objectivehyperglycemia - associated microvascular disease may underlie changes in cerebral functioning and cognitive performance in patients with type 1 diabetes .
functional connectivity , an indicator of functional interactions and information exchange between brain regions , provides a measure of cerebral functio... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Study design.
Neuropsychological assessment.
MEG protocol.
Synchronization likelihood.
Data analysis.
Statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Patient characteristics.
Neuropsychological assessment.
MEG measurements.
Correlation between MEG and cognitive performance.
DISCUSSION |
psychiatry today is at a juncture where a new , strong biological dimension is being added to an already existing psychosocial approach.this is a welcome change , as it gives more evidence - based approaches and a scientific outlook.however , that does n't mean the psychosocial model is no more relevant.psychiatrists o... | human behaviour , emotions , and cognition are complex to understand and explain .
it is even more difficult to understand the basis for abnormal behaviour , disturbed emotions , and impaired cognitions , something mental health professionals are trying for long . in these pursuits , psychiatry has traversed through... | Take home message
Questions that this Paper Raises
About the Author
About the Author
About the Author |
ductal carcinoma in situ ( dcis ) is characterized by proliferation of malignant cells confined by the basement membranes of ductal structures , without evidence of extraductal invasion .
dcis comprises different subtypes with heterogeneous proliferative disease processes and varies in architecture , imaging fe... | to characterize imaging features of pure dcis on dynamic contrast - enhanced mr imaging ( dce - mri ) , 31 consecutive patients ( 37 - 81 years old , mean 56 ) , including 2 grade i , 16 grade ii , and 13 grade iii , were studied .
mr images were reviewed retrospectively and the morphological appearances and kinetic... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
studies have shown cognitive deficits ( in particular deficits in information processing speed , concentration , and working memory ) to be present in the early stages of ms [ 24 ] .
cognitive impairment has a negative impact on quality of life ( qol ) independent of physical symptoms [ 5 , 6 ] .
there exists mountin... |
aim . to explore the efficacy of home - based , computerised , cognitive rehabilitation in patients with multiple sclerosis using neuropsychological assessment and advanced structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fmri )
. methods .
38 patients with ms and cognitive impairment on the brief internat... | 1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Method
3. Results
4. Discussion |
teratomas in the head and neck account for 29% of all teratomas at birth and teratomas in the oropharynx are extremely rare . here , we present a case of oropharyngeal teratoma that was diagnosed antenatally .
a 25-year - old female ( gravida 2 para 1 ) was seen by a radiologist for evaluation of polyhydraminos .
ultra... | oropharyngeal teratomas are extremely rare congenital tumors and have an incidence rate of one in 35,000 - 200,000 newborn babies / neonates .
oropharyngeal teratomas may cause life threatening airway obstruction to a newborn .
early diagnosis with ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging ( mri ) is essential to ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
neuroblastoma , a pediatric malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system , is a multifaceted disease with biological and clinical courses ranging from relentless progression to spontaneous regression or differentiation into benign ganglioneuroma .
given these different phenotypes , therapeutic regimens vary ... | specific genomic alterations , such as loss of the chromosomal region 11q or amplification of the oncogene mycn , are well established markers of poor outcome in neuroblastoma .
the advent of microarray - based comparative genomic hybridization ( array - cgh ) has enabled the analysis of pangenomic alteration profil... | The clinical heterogeneity of neuroblastoma
Clinical significance of complex chromosomal alterations in neuroblastoma
Biological classification of neuroblastoma by chromosome alterations
The future: will genomic profiles have prognostic value in the clinic?
Abbreviations
Competing interests
Authors' contributions
Ackno... |
psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation , angiogenesis , immune activation , and inflammation .
although there is evidence for immune activation with lymphocyte infiltration in the psoriatic epidermis , there also exists evidence of primar... | background : psoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation . beta - catenin participates in intercellular adhesion .
catenins are proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of cells .
the role of catenin in regulating... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Immunohistopathological
Interpretation of beta-catenin expression
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Immunohistochemical results of beta-catenin staining expression
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
in the previous issue of critical care , o'dwyer and colleagues report the results of a study in 47 patients with septic shock .
asymmetric dimethylarginine ( adma ) levels were elevated in these patients at the time of admission to the intensive care unit ( icu ) as compared with a group of 10 healthy controls .
adm... | nitric oxide ( no ) is an important mediator of host defence and of vascular tone . in septic shock ,
upregulation of inducible no synthase leads to the production of vast amounts of no , which contribute to pathogen elimination but also to inappropriate vasodilation and to loss of vascular resistance .
asymmetric... | None
Abbreviations
Competing interests
Figures and Tables |
a paradoxical embolism ( pde ) is defined as a systemic arterial embolism that enters from the venous thrombi into the arterial circulatory system through a right - to - left shunt .
the most common right - to - left shunt , associated with pdes , is patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) , which has been reported as an importan... | a paradoxical embolism is defined as a systemic arterial embolism requiring the passage of a venous thrombus into the arterial circulatory system through a right - to - left shunt , and is commonly related to patent foramen ovale ( pfo ) . however , coexisting pulmonary embolisms , deep vein thromboses ( dvt ) , and m... | Introduction
Case
Discussion |
data on the pharmacology of darunavir / ritonavir during pregnancy are limited to case reports 18 , few of which examined pharmacokinetics 13,57,9 .
the effects of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of darunavir remain unclear ; therefore , further pharmacokinetic studies are needed .
maternal physiological changes duri... | objectivesantiretroviral therapy during pregnancy is recommended to reduce the risk of mother - to - child transmission of hiv and for maternal care management .
physiological changes during pregnancy can affect pharmacokinetics , potentially altering pharmacological activity .
we therefore evaluated the pharmacok... | Introduction
Methods
Study design and treatment
Objectives
Evaluations
Statistical analysis
Results
Population and baseline characteristics
Disposition
Pharmacokinetics of total and unbound darunavir
Pharmacokinetics of ritonavir
Albumin and
Antiviral activity
Safety
Discussion
Supporting Information |
congenital segmental dilatation of ureter is a rare entity in children and characterized by a giant , focal segmental dilatation of mid ureter .
we report two children with segmental dilatation of ureters ; one child had ipsilateral megacalycosis and contralateral vesico - ureteric reflux ( vur ) presenting with acute ... | segmental dilatation of ureter is a giant , focal segmental ureteral dilatation producing an elongated and distorted ureter .
two children presented with this condition , one had ipsilateral megacalycosis and contralateral vesicoureteric reflux .
the other had duplication of the kidney .
the non - functioning lo... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION |
platinum coils are inserted into the lumen of the aneurysm , so that a local thrombus is formed around the coils , obliterating the aneurysmal sac.4 ) coil embolization , which is performed through the intravascular space , has an inherent risk of causing thromboembolism .
thromboembolic complications occur more freque... | objectiveto report effects of the pre - procedural rehydration for reduce thromboembolic complications in acute phase aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage coil embolization.materials and methodsfrom january 2009 to december 2013 , 190 patients with ruptured aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage ( asah ) treated by coil emb... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Statistics
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
a 50 year old male patient suffered from a systemic febrile sensation , edema , and pain at his first day of admission .
the patient had a prior history of disc replacement surgery using an artificial disc between his fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral vertebra performed approximately 18 months earlier but no other... | facet joints have been shown to be a source of chronic low back pain , and it is generally accepted in clinical practice that diagnostic and therapeutic facet joint injections are the most reliable technique for the treatment of facet joint pain , which is considered to be an easy and safe procedure .
serious compli... | Case Report
DISCUSSION |
hump - nosed viper may account for upto 27 - 70% of all snake bites in sri lanka .
although previously considered a moderately venomous , hump - nosed viper bites cause significant morbidity in the wet zone ( hot and humid south western part of the island with an annual rainfall of more than 2,500 mm ) of sri lanka .
a... | hump - nosed viper bite can cause acute kidney injury ( aki ) and disseminated intravascular coagulation . in some patients , it can cause chronic kidney disease necessitating life - long renal replacement therapy .
lack of effective antivenom makes the management of these patients difficult .
a 51-year - old sri ... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusions |
palatal sialolipomas are rare and were identified as a definite entity in 2001 . to our knowledge , less than 10 cases from the hard palate are reported . here
, we report a case of hard palate sialolipoma , peculiar by the intratumor malformation - type vascular patterns .
a 67-year - old man presented with a median m... | palate sialolipomas are rare .
less than 10 cases located in the hard palate are reported to our knowledge .
we report a case of hard palate sialolipoma , peculiar by the intratumor vascular patterns . a 67-year - old man presented with a 1.5 cm lesion of the oral hard palate .
the lesion was surgically resected... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Declaration of patient consent
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
in diabetes mellitus , high blood glucose levels and advanced glycosylation end products cause constriction and leakage of retinal vasculature , thickening of the basement membrane , and pericyte apoptosis.14 this damage to the vasculature results in ischemia , promoting a cascade of molecular processes including upreg... | purposethe aim of this study is to report peripheral reperfusion of ischemic areas of the retina on ultra - widefield fluorescein angiography ( uwfa ) following anti - vascular endothelial growth factor ( vegf ) intravitreal injections in patients treated for diabetic retinopathy.methodsthis study is a retrospective r... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
in an era of advancing technology and evolving practice health practitioners need to update practices continually in order to provide quality healthcare.1,2 radiation therapists ( rts ) are required to maintain skills and knowledge in current practice while adapting to this ongoing change .
the challenge of establishin... | introductionconstantly evolving technology and techniques within radiation therapy require practitioners to maintain a continuous approach to professional development and training .
systems of performance appraisal and adoption of regular feedback mechanisms are vital to support this development yet frequently lack ... | Introduction
Radiation Therapy Performance Appraisal Framework development
RT-PAF evaluation
Methods
Data collection
Participation
Results
Discussion
RT-PAF effectiveness
How it was experienced by RTs
Challenges of implementation
Suggestions for improvements
Limitations of results
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest
Suppor... |
vitrectomy surgery has emerged as a cornerstone for treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its complications .
advances in surgical techniques and equipment continue to evolve and shape up the future of this modality of treatment .
the use of anti- vascular endothelial growth factor ( anti - vegf ) agents ... | pars plana vitrectomy is an established surgical method for the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy and its complications .
anti - vascular endothelial growth factor agents suppress vascular proliferation and may be used as pharmacological adjuvants to reduce the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in ... | INTRODUCTION
Background
Management of postoperative vitreous cavity bleeding and the proposed role of Anti-VEGFs
Methods
Studies considered for review
CONCLUSION |
v(d)j recombination is a mechanism of vertebrate genetic recombination that assembles gene segments into functional immunoglobulin ( ig ) and t - cell receptor ( tcr ) genes .
this site - specific recombination reaction generates the enormous repertoire of tcr and ig molecules that are necessary for the recognition of ... | recombination signal sequences ( rsss ) flanking v , d and j gene segments are recognized and cut by the vdj recombinase during development of b and t lymphocytes .
all rsss are composed of seven conserved nucleotides , followed by a spacer ( containing either 12 1 or 23 1 poorly conserved nucleotides ) and a cons... | INTRODUCTION
THE DNAGrab ALGORITHM: GENOME-WIDE SEARCH AND CLASSIFICATION OF RSSs
Using the RSSsite web interface to identify and score cRSSs
EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION AND SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
FUNDING |
floppy eyelid syndrome ( fes ) was first described by culbertson and ostler in 1981 .
fes is characterized by very elastic upper lids that became easily distorted and evertible with minimal lateral traction and chronic papillary conjunctivitis of the upper palpebral conjunctiva and typically affects obese middle - aged... | controversial findings are reported about the relationship between floppy eyelid syndrome ( fes ) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ( osas ) .
the main goal of this study was to evaluate whether fes is more prevalent in osas patients by performing a meta - analysis .
a comprehensive literature search of pubmed ... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the amount of body fat may significantly change over the seasons , particularly in latitudes away from the equator , where seasonal changes in climate , temperature and duration of daylight are greater .
these lead to changes in availability of certain foods and in individuals feeding habits and outdoor activity ( resu... | while the significance of obesity as a serious health problem is well recognized , little is known about whether and how biometerological factors and biorhythms causally contribute to obesity .
obesity is often associated with altered seasonal and daily rhythmicity in food intake , metabolism and adipose tissue func... | Seasonal and daily influence on metabolism and body weight
Basic principles of chronobiology
Peripheral and central oscillators
The rhythmic organism
Rhythmicity of food intake, gut function and metabolism
Factors associated with increased risk of obesity
Conclusions and perspectives |
labour pain is a universal experience among women but the perception differs between individuals and this is influenced by both physical and psychological factors .
the difference in pain perception among parturients depends on factors such as pain threshold , culture , social status , parity , prenatal education , cou... | introduction : labour pain is a universal experience .
relief of labour pains and companionship in labour are important aspects of quality of care in labour.objectives:to evaluate perception of labour pains among parturients , their knowledge and awareness of pain relief during labour , the types of obstetric analge... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
enantiomerically pure alcohols and amines constitute important
synthetic building blocks and key targets in the manufacturing of
a wide range of chemical products , such as agrochemicals , food additives ,
fragrances , and pharmaceuticals .
consequently , significant
efforts have been dedicated to the enantiose... | chemoenzymatic
dynamic kinetic resolution ( dkr ) constitutes a convenient
and efficient method to access enantiomerically pure alcohol and amine
derivatives .
this perspective highlights the work carried out within
this field during the past two decades and pinpoints important avenues
for future research ... | Introduction
Early Combinations of Metal
Catalysts and Enzymes
for the DKR of Secondary Alcohols
Development of More Practical Protocols for
the DKR of More Functionalized Alcohols
The more Challenging DKR of Amines
Methods for Improving Enzymes As Biocatalysts
Summary and Outlook |
the intensive care units ( icu ) admitted patients usually have wide range of physiological individualities .
comparison of the patient 's outcomes without consideration of individual physiological differences does not seem to be sensible .
it is obvious that , some measures to represent the physiological conditions of... | background : several models have been developed to measure the severity of illness in intensive care unit ( icu ) patients , it is suggested that the models should be customized depending on the characteristics of different population of patients . this study is aimed to assess and modify the performance of acute phys... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patient selection and data collection
Statistical analysis
Development of the modified APACHE-II
Evaluation of the discriminative powers
Calibration
RESULTS
Main characteristics of the patients
Training and test sets
Model building
Comparing the discriminative powers
Comparing the cal... |
vascular dementia sometimes can precede or accompany alzheimer 's disease , and in these cases the development of alzheimer 's disease becomes more dramatic .
the dementia of ischaemic type and alzheimer 's disease is synergistic or additive in the earliest stages of alzheimer 's disease , although the interactive mech... | the purpose of this research was a comparative analysis of cholinergic synaptic organization following learning and memory in normal and chronic cerebral ischaemic rats in the morris water maze model .
choline acetyltransferase and protein content were determined in subpopulations of presynapses of light and heav... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
swallowing is an essential part of life ; disruptions in swallowing affect the quality of life , which is a major concern in an aging society . dysphagia or swallowing impairment refers to difficulty or discomfort during the progression of the alimentary bolus from the oral cavity to the stomach.1 it is strongly associ... | purposeprevention , early detection and effective rehabilitation of dysphagia are important issues to be considered in an aging society .
previous studies have shown conflicting findings regarding the association between dysphagia and its potential risk factors , including age , malnutrition , oral conditions , life... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Participants
Assessment of dysphagia
Oral examination
Statistical analysis
Results
Prevalence of dysphagia
Univariate analysis
Multiple logistic regression analysis
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion |
there has been a substantial decrease in acute rejection rates , and in most centres , 1-year graft survival now exceeds 95% [ 13 ] . in contrast , recent years have seen only minimal gains in long - term transplant outcomes .
death - censored graft survival has only marginally increased [ 13 ] , and life expec... | the incidence of bk virus infection in kidney transplant recipients has increased over recent decades , coincident with the use of more potent immunosuppression . more importantly ,
posttransplant bk virus replication has emerged as an important cause of graft damage and subsequent graft loss .
immunosuppression h... | 1. Introduction
2. Immunosuppression and BKV
3. Immunosuppression Reduction as a Treatment Strategy for BKV Replication
4. Conclusions |
hypersensitivity to mosquito bites ( hmb ) is characterized by intense skin reactions at bite sites , which consist of not only erythema or bulla but also ulcer or scar , and is associated with general symptoms , such as high fever , general malaise , cramps and renal failure . while this disorder is very rare and repo... | hypersensitivity to mosquito bites ( hmb ) is characterized by intense skin reactions at bite sites .
the pathogenesis of hmb might be related to clonal lymphoproliferation of epstein - barr virus dna - positive natural killer ( nk ) cells .
we report the first case of hmb possibly associated with nk cell - derive... | INTRODUCTION
CASE
DISCUSSION |
this study provides class ii evidence that teriflunomide generally does not adversely impact the ability of patients with rms to mount immune responses to influenza vaccination .
the teriflunomide and vaccination ( teriva ) study ( nct01403376 ) was a multicenter , multinational , parallel - group study involving 128 p... | objective : to investigate the effect of teriflunomide on the efficacy and safety of seasonal influenza vaccine.methods:the 2011/2012 seasonal influenza vaccine ( containing h1n1 , h3n2 , and b strains ) was administered to patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis ( rms ) treated for 6 months with terifluno... | Classification of evidence:
METHODS
Study design.
Standard protocol approvals, registrations, and patient consents.
Study population.
Study endpoints.
Statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Study disposition and baseline demographics.
Efficacy.
Safety and tolerability.
DISCUSSION
Supplementary Material
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
STUD... |
ayurveda as a medicinal system assesses deviation from health due to development of whole body system imbalance .
these imbalances are among the basic concepts in ayurveda which are now well understood , and which include the doshas and subdoshas in terms of which the imbalances are expressed .
it is now known that die... | reported lack of efficacy of ayurvedic treatments in clinical trials is often not due to inefficacy of the treatment itself , but arises from inadequacies of trial design .
this paper argues that trials of ayurvedic interventions should exclusively use its multi - component , individualized and inherently holistic a... | INTRODUCTION
STANDARDS OF REPORTING CLINICAL TRIALS OF AYURVEDA
DISCUSSION |
in 2012 , prostate cancer was the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in korean men , with an estimated 9,258 new cases detected annually .
nearly 50,000 korean men are living with prostate cancer , of whom 1,460 die from the disease each year .
compared with western countries , prostate cancer is less common in k... | purposethis post hoc analysis evaluated treatment effects , safety , and pharmacokinetics of enzalutamide in korean patients in the phase 3 , double - blind , placebo - controlled prevail trial.materials and methodsasymptomatic or mildly symptomatic chemotherapy - naive men with metastatic castration - resistant prost... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
1. Study design and patients
2. Assessments
3. Statistical analysis
RESULTS
1. Patients
2. Treatment effects
3. Subsequent antineoplastic and endocrine therapies
4. Safety
5. Pharmacokinetics
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
the maldi - tof ms spectrum of bacillus massiliogabonensis is available at http://www.mediterranee-infection.com/article.php?laref=256&titre=urms-database .
the 16s rrna gene sequence of strain marseille p2639 was deposited in genbank database under accession number lt598571 .
strain marseille p2639 was deposited in ... | the discovery of new bacteria from the human gut using a culturomics method is a novel field of increasing interest in microbiology . here
the main characteristics of bacillus massiliogabonensis
strain marseille p2639 , a new gram - negative bacterium isolated from the stool sample of a healthy 16-year - old gab... | MALDI-TOF MS spectrum accession number
Nucleotide sequence accession number
Deposit in culture collection |
gypsies and travellers are recognized as one of the most disadvantaged minority groups in the united kingdom and globally .
research into the health needs of this group is an emerging field , and gypsies and travellers could justly be described as an
invisible minority1 in being rarely captured in health statistics , ... | abstractbackgroundgypsies and travellers are known to have poor health status and access to health services , even in comparison with other ethnic minority groups .
people from this stigmatized ethnic group are rarely consulted about their health needs or health service provision .
optimal infant feeding in the fi... | Introduction
Methods
Research design
Participants
Ethics
Data collection
Data analysis
Results
Centrality of the family
Beliefs and traditions
Travelling
Discussion
Conclusion
Funding
Conflict of interest |
influenza a , b , and c viruses are members of the orthomyxoviridae , which is a family of enveloped viruses with segmented , single - stranded , negative - sense rna genomes ( palese , 2007 ) .
they are classified according to antigenic differences in their nucleoprotein ( np ) and matrix protein ( m1 ) , which are ma... | influenza a virus is an enveloped virus with a segmented , single - strand , negative - sense rna genome .
its virions show spherical or filamentous shapes of about 100 nm in diameter and occasionally irregular morphology , which exemplifies the pleomorphic nature of these virions .
each viral rna segment forms a... | Introduction
The Morphology of the Influenza a Virion
RNPs within the Virion
A Model of a Native Influenza a Virion
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest Statement |
abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene large tumor suppressor runt - related transcription factor peroxisome proliferator - activator receptor gamma 2 transcriptional enhancer activator domain yes - associated protein
based on a number of criteria , certain genes are categorized as oncogenes whereas the genes that oppo... | cancer research has been significantly accelerated by viewing cancer as a functional collision between 2 dichotomous sets of genes : oncogenes and tumor suppressors .
signaling pathways turn oncogenes and tumor suppressors on and off to dictate cell fate decisions .
we contend that signaling also dictates opposing... | Abbreviations
None
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
Funding |
search for diabetes in youth ( search ) is a multicenter observational study of youth diagnosed with diabetes before age 20 years .
participants were recruited from four geographically defined populations in ohio , washington , south carolina , and colorado , health plan enrollees in hawaii and california , and indian ... | objectiveto establish minimal clinically important difference ( mcid ) scores representing the smallest detectable change in quality of life ( qol ) , using the pediatric quality of life inventory ( pedsql ) generic core and diabetes module among youth with diabetes and their parents , and to identify demographic and ... | RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Data analysis
RESULTS
Characteristics of participants
MCIDs
Predictors of change in QOL scores during 1 year
CONCLUSIONS |
metachromatic leukodystrophy ( mld ) ( scholz 's disease ) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by the lack of arylsulfatase a ( asa ) .
this enzyme is essential for the normal metabolism of sulfatides which are vital elements of the myelin sheath . in mld
, sulfatides accrue in many organs compri... | metachromatic leukodystrophy ( mld ) is caused by insufficiency of arylsulfatase a resulting in impaired myelination .
diffusion magnetic resonance ( mr ) imaging features of this disease have been rarely reported .
we report diffusion mr imaging of mld in a 12-month - old male who presented with regression of mil... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
it is now firmly established that mitochondria are key players in different pathophysiological contexts ( duchen , 2004 ) . indeed , they are very efficient machines for decoding intracellular signals and in particular the calcium ( ca ) one ( clapham , 2007 ) .
the mitochondrial respiratory chain , by pumping protons ... | mitochondria are crucial in different intracellular pathways of signal transduction .
mitochondria are capable of decoding a variety of extracellular stimuli into markedly different intracellular actions , ranging from energy production to cell death .
the fine modulation of mitochondrial calcium ( ca2 + ) homeost... | Introduction
Mitochondria and aging
Mitochondria and neurodegenerative diseases
Mitochondrial diseases
Mitochondria as drug targets in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Mitochondria, Ca
Conclusions |
malaria is caused by a protozoa called plasmodium and spreads among humans by bites from anopheline mosquitoes .
one species that has been identified as a malarial vector on lombok is anopheles aconitus .
the species lives at locations ranging from sea level to 600800 m above sea level .
aconitus can be found on rice ... | malaria is endemic to lombok island , indonesia .
one approach to suppress malaria spread is to eliminate anopheline larvae in their habitat and the environmentally safe agent is bacteria , that is , bacillus sphaericus .
however , there is no information regarding local isolate of b. sphaericus that is toxic to m... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusion |
it is also a fundamental culprit in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis , a chronic vascular disease that underlies the development of circulatory problems including coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease . in these scenarios
, atherosclerosis runs a silent asymptomatic course , until stenosis or plaque ru... | toll - like receptors ( tlrs ) are key players in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions including coronary arterial disease ( cad )
. they are expressed by a variety of immune cells where they recognize pathogen - associated molecular patterns ( pamps ) .
tlrs recruit adaptor molecules , including myeloid di... | 1. Introduction
2. TLR Signaling
3. Conclusion |
rice is the main food resource worldwide and the staple food in korea . with the advent of a new hybridization technique in the late 1960s , the tongil
variety was developed by setting up a cross between indica and japonica rice varieties ; up to the 1980s , this variety produced sufficient yield to meet the requirem... | we investigated the growth characteristics and analyzed the physicochemical properties of a doubled haploid population derived from a cross between cheongcheong and nagdong to breed a rice variety that tastes good after cooking and to detect quantitative trait loci ( qtls ) associated with the taste of cooked rice... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
this study was approved by the western institutional review board ( olympia , wa , usa ) .
morphologic data from 92 north american patients were derived from our prior study.14 ) the patient - reported ethnicities of this group included caucasian ( 90% ) , native american ( 4% ) , african american ( 4% ) , and hispanic... | backgroundthe aim of this study was to determine if there were significant differences in glenohumeral joint morphology between north american and east asian populations that may influence sizing and selection of shoulder arthroplasty systems.methodscomputed tomography reconstructions of 92 north american and 58 east ... | METHODS
Definition of Landmarks and Coordinate Systems
Quantification of Glenohumeral Relationships
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
suspected coronary artery disease ( cad ) in patients with a concurrent malignancy greatly impacts prognosis and treatment decisions . faced with both diseases , appropriate prioritization of care
is needed , as some cancer treatments may be cardiotoxic or lead to blood dyscrasias that could discourage the use of com... |
background . exclusion of underlying coronary artery disease ( cad ) is essential in the diagnosis of chemotherapy - induced cardiomyopathy .
presence and severity of cad can also impact the choice of therapy in cancer patients . the value of cardiac computed tomographic angiography ( ccta ) in this setting has no... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
the reported incidence of acute postoperative spinal infections ranges from less than 1% to 13% .
. infection rate of lumbar open discectomies without fusion is known to be 1 - 2% , microdiscectomy 5% , instrumented posterior lumbar fusions 2 - 6% , respectively5,13 ) .
c - reactive protein ( crp ) and erythrocyte sedi... | objectivec - reactive protein ( crp ) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( esr ) are often utilized to evaluate for postoperative infection .
abnormal values may be detected after surgery even in case of non - infection because of muscle injury , transfusion , which disturbed prompt perioperative management .
the ... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
Changes of CRP, ESR, and WBC in lumbar open discectomy group (Group A)
Changes of CRP, ESR, and WBC in decompression and posterior lumbar interbody fusion with stand-alone cage group (Group B)
Overall differences CRP, ESR, and WBC between two groups
Statistical analysis
DISCUS... |
this is the case of a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis ( lc ) who underwent emergency surgery for iliopsoas muscle hematoma and subsequently died in the hospital .
iliopsoas muscle hematoma is well known as a major and well - documented complication of hemophilia and anticoagulant therapy [ 1 , 2 ] .
it encompass... | iliopsoas muscle hematoma in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis is rarely seen , however it has a high mortality .
thus we should cautiously make a diagnosis and treatment .
this is the case of a 60-year - old male .
he had a 15-year history of alcoholic liver disease and emphysema .
he presented with lo... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Disclosure Statement |
the maxillary sinus is the first of the paranasal sinuses to develop , and its growth ends with the eruption of the third molars at approximately 20 years of age.1 the inferior sinus wall is a curved structure formed by the lower third of the medial wall and the buccoalveolar wall,2 and the floor is formed by the alveo... | objectives : the aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the maxillary posterior teeth root tips using dental cone - beam ct.methods:a total of 87 right and 89 left maxillary sinus regions from 92 patients were examined using dental cone - beam ct .
images were a... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS |
acute lung injury ( ali ) and its more severe form , acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) , can arise after many types of injury to the lung , including sepsis , mechanical and chemical injury and bacterial and viral infections 1 . in ali ,
the mortality rate is in the range 2030% , with about 55% of the cases ... | respiratory viruses can cause a wide spectrum of pulmonary diseases , ranging from mild , upper respiratory tract infections to severe and life - threatening lower respiratory tract infections , including the development of acute lung injury ( ali ) and acute respiratory distress syndrome ( ards ) .
viral clearance ... | Introduction
Innate immune response
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), coagulation, fibrinolysis and respiratory function
Concluding thoughts
Author contributions |
health information organizations ( hios ) combine prescription information purchased from pharmacies with anonymized patient medical records purchased from health insurance companies to determine which drugs individual physicians prefer for specific diagnoses and patient populations .
this information is used to tailor... | introductionmonitoring and modifying physicians prescribing behavior through prescription tracking is integral to pharmaceutical marketing .
health information organizations ( hios ) combine prescription information purchased from pharmacies with anonymized patient medical records purchased from health insurance com... | INTRODUCTION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
THE PDRP
AN ALTERNATIVE TO LAW
RISKS AND BENEFITS OF RX TRACKING |
a self - expandable metal stent ( sems ) is an efficient and established tool for solution of biliary obstruction due to both benign and malignant diseases .
meanwhile , there have been some reports regarding adverse events by a sems : migration , dislocation , ulceration , perforation of the bowel and so on.1 we somet... | a 72-year - old man with jaundice by ampullary adenocarcinoma was treated at our hospital . for biliary decompression , a transpapillary , fully covered , self - expandable metal stent ( fcsems )
was deployed .
four days later , the patient developed acute cholangitis .
endoscopic carbon dioxide cholangiography ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
patients with ra have systemic inflammation , as well as increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease [ 1 , 2 ] .
various risk factors have been identified that contribute to atherosclerosis in ra patients [ 3 , 4 ] .
recent years have seen increased attention devoted to inflammation associated insulin... | the close relationship between increased tlr-2 expression in blood monocytes and insulin resistance in ra patients is shown in this study .
traditional risk factors for metabolic disorders , including the waist circumstance , body mass index ( bmi ) , triglyceride ( tg ) , and ratio of tg to high density lipoprotein... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
clinical and epidemiological studies have identified several factors that increase the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attack .
these factors include gender , ageing , heredity , smoking , hypercholesterolemia , hypertension , physical inactivity , obesity and overweight , and diabetes mellitus .
risk factors ... | several factors , including fruit and vegetables intakes , have been shown to significantly influence the plasma concentrations of the two antioxidants vitamin c and -carotene .
deficiency levels of 6 mg / l ( 34.2 m ) for vitamin c and of 0.22 mg / l ( 0.4 m ) for -carotene have been suggested below which cardi... | 1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Authors' Contribution |
with advances in high - resolution ultrasound and other diagnostic techniques , minimally invasive foetoscopic procedures , also called foetendo procedures , are being carried out more frequently .
foetoscopic laser ablation ( fla ) involves minimal insult to uterus , while obtaining access to foetus through a single a... | background and aims : twin pregnancy with monochorionic placenta may be associated with arteriovenous vascular anastomosis of the placental vessels resulting in twin - to - twin transfusion syndrome ( ttts ) and twin reversed arterial perfusion syndrome ( trap ) .
foetoscopic laser ablation ( fla ) is the treatment ... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
scar endometriosis is a rare entity reported in the gynecological literature , and is present in women who have undergone an abdominal or pelvic operation .
the diagnosis of endometriosis is usually established by a biopsy . because endometriotic lesions can be present as a mass lesion , it seems feasible to investigat... | presence of endometrial glands and stroma in places other than the uterus is called endometriosis .
it can be pelvic or extra - pelvic .
abdominal scar endometriosis is an extra - pelvic endometriosis that can occur after surgery involving the uterus .
post - caesarean section , scar endometriosis is a rare even... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion |
it has a horse shoe shaped body which lodges the teeth and a pair of rami which project upwards from the posterior ends of the body and provide attachment to muscles .
each half of the mandible ossifies from only one center which appears at about the 6 week of intrauterine life in the mesenchymal sheath of meckels cart... | aim : the aim of this study is to determine the morphological features and morphometrics of mental foramen with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks in coastal andhra population of andhra pradesh state.materials and methods : two - hundred and nineteen dry dentate and edentulous mandibles are examined in this... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The parameters assessed were
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
we tested the stability of ebov on 3 materials commonly found in an ebola treatment unit ( etu ) in west africa : 1 ) utility - grade ( 308 ) stainless steel washers ( mcmaster - carr , atlanta , ga , usa ) ; 2 ) plastic ( teflon [ polytetrafluoroethylene ] ; mcmaster - carr ) ; and 3 ) tyvek ( from the front of a cove... | we evaluated the stability of ebola virus on surfaces and in fluids under simulated environmental conditions for the climate of west africa and for climate - controlled hospitals .
this virus remains viable for a longer duration on surfaces in hospital conditions than in african conditions and in liquid than in drie... | The Study
Conclusions |
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