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fatigue is a common complaint of 33% patients presenting in the ambulatory primary care offices in the usa .
the prevalence of fatigue in the usa workforce has been estimated as 37.9% in a 2-week period .
although fatigue is defined as a state of inability to maintain or sustain a force , nevertheless it is interchange... | background : fatigue is a common presenting complaint of patients in the primary care offices
. low levels of vitamin d have been associated with fatigue in cancer patients .
normalization of vitamin d level improves their fatigue . whether low vitamin d plays a role in fatigue in medically stable patients is not ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Study selection
Data collection
Data synthesis and analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Fatigue assessment score
Symptom scores after normalization of vitamin D levels
Discussion
Conclusion |
imatinib ( also known as sti571 or gleevec ) is one of the great success stories of cancer therapy and is a milestone in small - molecule drug discovery and molecular targeted therapies .
imatinib is the current first - line therapy for all stages of chronic myelogenous leukemia ( cml ) , in which the chronic phase of ... | the protein kinase inhibitor imatinib , also known as gleevec , has been a notable success in treating chronic myelogenous leukemia . a recent paper in bmc structural biology reports a 1.75 crystal structure of imatinib bound to the oxidoreductase nqo2 and reveals insights into the binding specificity and the off - t... | None
Protein targets of imatinib
Flexibility of imatinib in binding to targets
Clinical effects of imatinib
Acknowledgements |
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( ohss ) is a well - known complication of assisted reproductive techniques ( arts ) and is characterized by enlargement of the ovaries and fluid shift from the intravascular compartment to the third space .
tuberculosis is common in developing countries , and peritoneal tuberculosis (... | ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome ( ohss ) is a known complication of using ovulation induction drugs in assisted reproductive techniques . its incidence and severity vary .
tuberculosis is a very common disease in the developing world , and ascites is one of its sequelae .
the newer aids in diagnosing tuberculosi... | 1. Introduction
2. Case Report
3. Discussion |
mercury is a metal of known toxic properties which occurs naturally and anthropogenically in the environment [ 1 , 2 ] .
methylmercury ( mehg ) is an organic chemical form of mercury that has been widely studied due to its neurotoxic effects in humans and animal models , especially when the exposure occurs prenatally [... | the neurotoxicity caused by methylmercury ( mehg ) is well documented ; however , the developmental neurotoxicity in spinal cord is still not fully understood .
here we investigated whether mehg affects the spinal cord layers development .
chicken embryos at e3 were treated in ovo with 0.1 g mehg/50 l saline sol... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
ectopic ureters are common in females , 80% of which are duplicated and present at birth or in childhood . the urethra and vaginal vestibule are the most common sites of drainage in females .
furthermore , their drainage in a completely developed mullerian system has been reported only once before , although there are ... | a 16-year - old female presented with dribbling of urine along with voluntary voiding since birth .
renal imaging revealed hydroureteronephrosis on the right side ; the uterus and ovary were normal .
a radionuclide scan showed a left nonfunctional kidney .
on cystovaginoscopy , the urethra was shown to be normal... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
sudden sensorineural hearing loss ( ssnhl ) is defined as a loss of hearing of 30 db or more over at least three contiguous frequencies .
usually , symptoms present unilaterally and suddenly within 2472 h. most of the cases are referred to as idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss ( issnhl ) since etiologies remain uncl... | key clinical messageconcurrent hyperbaric oxygen therapy ( hbot ) and intratympanic steroid application ( its ) are beneficial as salvage therapy for therapyrefractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss ( ssnhl ) .
the findings encourage further research on the treatment of noiseinduced and idiopathic ssnhl with conc... | Introduction
Patients and Methods
Results
Discussion
Conflict of Interest |
cancer is a huge burden of our societies with an overall worldwide incidence of 182,3 cases per 100.000 inhabitants and an overall mortality of 102,4/100.000 according to the international agency for research on cancer of the world health organization ( estimated age - standardized incidence and mortality rates ( asr )... | antibody - based immunotherapies are important therapy options in human oncology .
although human humoral specific immunity is constituted of five different immunoglobulin classes , currently only igg - based immunotherapies have proceeded to clinical application.this review , however , discusses the benefits and di... | Targeted Therapies of Cancer
Immunological Effects of Antibodies
IgE and Cancer
IgE-based Immunotherapies of Cancer - Pioneer Studies
Possible Advantages and Pitfalls of IgE-based Cancer Immunotherapies
Comparative Medicine
Comparative Oncology |
subcutaneous icd may be proposed to patients with channelopathies presenting with significant risk for sudden cardiac death .
short qt syndrome is a rare channelopathy carrying the risk for inappropriate therapies with current transvenous icd because of overdetection of the ample t wave .
we report on the uneventful fo... | key clinical messageshort qt syndrome carries the risk for inappropriate therapies using transvenous icd because of overdetection of the ample t wave .
sqt syndrome may also benefit from subcutaneous icd , although additional cases are needed to affirm the safety of such device in this setting . | Introduction
Case presentation
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest |
dual atrioventricular ( av ) nodal physiology is a common finding during electrophysiologic studies ( eps ) . even among patients with wolff - parkinson - white ( wpw )
syndrome , atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ( avnrt ) and atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia ( avrt ) can coexist in a single patie... | among patients with wolff - parkinson - white syndrome , atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia ( avrt ) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia ( avnrt ) can coexist in a single patient .
direct transition of both tachycardias is rare ; however , it can occur after premature atrial or ventricular activ... | Introduction
Case
Clinical history
Electrophysiologic study
Tachycardia characteristics
Mapping and radiofrequency catheter ablation
Discussion |
the complex rumen microbiome plays essential roles in digesting feeds and supplying nutrients to host animals .
to positively affect rumen functions , dietary interventions have been attempted to modulate this microbiome .
the rumen microbiome as a whole and its individual populations are often analyzed to unveil the u... | the objective of this study was to assess the importance of select cultured and uncultured bacteria in the rumen by quantifying their populations and the effect of diets and ruminal fractions .
full - length 16s rrna gene ( rrs ) sequences were recovered from rumen samples using specific primers designed from partia... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the most frequent benign paediatric soft tissue tumours in the head and neck are hemangiomas .
a 6-year - old girl presented with a painless , progressive growing left neck mass , first noticed about 1 month earlier .
ultrasonography revealed a homogeneous , hypovascular , hyperechogenic mass next to the submandibular ... | abstractlipoblastoma is a rare benign tumour arising from embryonic white fat .
the tumours occur primarily in infancy and early childhood and usually arise from the limbs and the trunk , but neck involvement is rare .
we report three cases of head and neck lipoblastoma . in all cases ,
imaging showed a well - d... | Introduction
Case report
Case 1
Case 2
Case 3
Discussion |
the deinococcus - thermus phylum constitutes one of the major bacterial evolutionary lineages [ 1 , 2 ] . at present , the genome sequence data of 6 genera ( 13 organisms ) belonging to this phylum are available in the kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes ( kegg ) database .
two pathways for lysine biosynthesis have... |
thermus thermophilus biosynthesizes lysine through the -aminoadipate ( aaa ) pathway : this observation was the first discovery of lysine biosynthesis through the aaa pathway in archaea and bacteria .
genes homologous to the t. thermophilus lysine biosynthetic genes are widely distributed in bacteria of the deinoc... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion |
the motion of a point electric charge in flat spacetime was the subject of active investigation since the early work of lorentz , abrahams , and poincar , until dirac produced a proper relativistic derivation of the equations of motion in 1938 .
( the field s early history is well related in . ) in 1960 dewitt and br... | this review is concerned with the motion of a point scalar charge , a point electric charge , and a point mass in a specified background spacetime . in each of the three cases the particle produces a field that behaves as outgoing radiation in the wave zone , and therefore removes energy from the particle . in the nea... | Introduction and Summary
General Theory of Bitensors
Coordinate Systems
Greens Functions
Motion of Point Particles |
statin therapy has been well established as a cornerstone of cardiovascular prevention , and yet despite potent therapies for lowering lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldlc ) , substantial residual risk remains.1 , 2 , 3 clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated that triglyceride ( tg ) elevation is an... | residual cardiovascular risk persists despite statins , yet outcome studies of lipidtargeted therapies beyond lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol ( ldlc ) have not demonstrated added benefit .
triglyceride elevation is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events .
highdose eicosapentaenoic acid ( epa ) red... | INTRODUCTION
METHODS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Supporting information
Conflicts of Interest |
studies have shown that laparoscopic cbd stone retrieval is as efficient and effective as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ercp ) .
usually , the transcystic approach is considered the first treatment of choice for laparoscopic cbd exploration because transcystic cbd exploration has more benefits than t... | background and objectives : one - stage laparoscopic management for common bile duct stones in patients with gallbladder stones has gained wide acceptance .
we developed a novel technique using a transcystic approach for common bile duct exploration as an alternative to the existing procedures.methods:from april 201... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
the diabetes control and complications trial1 and the kumamoto study2 have shown that intensive insulin therapy and the resulting improvements in glycemic control reduce the incidence and delay the progression of microvascular complications .
however , neutral protamine hagedorn ( nph ) insulin , which was used as basa... | objective : this study aimed to compare the glucose - lowering effect and glycemic variability of insulin glargine with those of insulin detemir.material and methods : this was an open - label , single - center , randomized , two - way crossover study in patients with diabetes on basal - bolus insulin therapy , with n... | Introduction
Material and methods
Patients
Design of the study
Glycemic control
Glycemic variability
Hypoglycemia
Statistical analysis
Results
Patient characteristics
Glycemic control
Glycemic variability
Hypoglycemia
Discussion
Conclusion |
it was estimated that there were 1,500,000 new cancer cases and approximately 560,000 deaths out of cancer in 2009 .
chemotherapy is an important treatment option for patients with cancer , however chemotherapy drugs suffer from numerous problems including nonspecific uptake by healthy tissue , poor circulation times ,... | polymer micelles are promising drug delivery vehicles for the delivery of anticancer agents to tumors . often , anticancer drugs display potent cytotoxic effects towards cancer cells but are too hydrophobic to be administered in the clinic as a free drug . to address this problem ,
a polymer micelle was designed usi... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
we do nt know that what the new anti - diabetic agents long - term or unknown rare side - effects are on patients . by the time
, we will be experienced their rare or long - term side - effects together . in this case
, we aim to make health care providers alert to focus on a possible side effect of sitagliptin that ma... | a 74-year - old male patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted to the emergency department with the complaints of progressive breathlessness , dry cough , and swollen lower extremities .
our patient had type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension for 3 years .
his hba1c was not within the target range so sitagl... | Introduction
Case Report
Discussion
Conclusion |
air pollution , a global problem being faced by both the developed nations and the developing ones , has been aggravated by developments that typically occur as countries become industrialized : growing cities , increased traffic , rapid economic development and industrialization , and high levels of energy consumption... | auto pollution is the by - product of our mechanized mobility , which adversely affects both plant and human life .
however , plants growing in the urban locations provide a great respite to us from the brunt of auto pollution by absorbing the pollutants at their foliar surface . foliar surface configuration and bio... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Result and Discussion |
myiasis is defined by zumpt as the infestation of live human and vertebrate animals with dipterous larvae , which , at least for a certain period , feed on the host s dead or living tissue , liquid body - substances , or ingested food .
traumatic myiasis is caused by fly larvae infesting pre - existing traumatic le... | we describe here a rare case of traumatic myiasis occurred in august 2014 , caused by an association of 2 diptera species , sarcophaga tibialis macquart ( diptera : sarcophagidae ) and lucilia sericata ( meigen ) ( diptera : calliphoridae ) , in a domestic cat in northern italy .
species identification was based on ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE DESCRIPTION
DISCUSSION |
in benin , 64% of the population has consumed once rabbit meat at least , and 95% of them appreciated it positively .
thus , to supply the market with white meat , rabbits ' farms are installed in periurban areas . to promote optimal growth performance of rabbits , appropriate feeding strategy is necessary .
fibres are... | an experiment was carried out to define the optimal rate of palm - press fibres in growing rabbits ' diet . in total , 64 weaned rabbits ( 35 days old ) of beninese breed
were divided in 16 groups of 4 rabbits ( 2 males and 2 females ) each . during six weeks
, rabbits were fed with 4 complete diets containing 0% ... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
the promise of diverse applications including optical data processing and biological imaging has stimulated much interest in organic nonlinear optical ( nlo ) materials.1 within this field , organotransition metal complexes offer intriguing possibilities for creating new multifunctional materials in which potentially u... | static excited - state polarisabilities and hyperpolarisabilities of three ruii ammine complexes are computed at the density functional theory ( dft ) and several correlated ab initio levels .
most accurate modelling of the low energy electronic absorption spectrum is obtained with the hybrid functionals b3lyp , b3p... | Introduction
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
Computational Methods |
for this study , we selected 20 patients at seoul national university hospital in south korea who had undergone hepatic resection due to hcc from july to september , 2010 .
these patients have clinical evidence of chronic hepatitis b , such as serologic evidence of virus , more than 6 months of abnormal liver function ... | backgroundthe molecular profile of peritumoral non - neoplastic liver parenchyma ( pnlp ) has recently been suggested as predictive factor of early and late recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) .
however , there is no definite cut - off point for tumor - free pnlp in terms of either histological or molecul... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patient characteristics
Sampling of nonneoplastic liver tissue
Grading and staging for histopathologic parameters
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
Necroinflammatory activity in adjacent peritumoral hepatic parenchyma
Peliosis and perivenular inflammation in adjacent peritumoral hepatic parenchyma
Fibr... |
it has numerous adverse health effects and is considered as one of the main predisposing factors for the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases .
nowadays , overweight and obesity are growing in populations with different levels of economic situation .
it is estimated that by continuing the actual trend , the gl... | the purpose of this paper is to systematically review the experimental and human studies on obesogenic chemicals and their mechanisms of action to provide a comprehensive view on the multifactorial aspects of obesity .
the literatures were searched in available databases .
the relevant papers were selected in thre... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
nanochemistry is predominating in major fields of science and technology , specifically in biotechnology and information technology . in the near future , nanochemistry will direct and guide towards nanomedicine and nanodiagnostics . however , obtaining suitable nanoparticles that can be used for diagnostic and medicin... | nanoparticles have
enormous potential in diagnostic and therapeutic
studies .
we have demonstrated that the amyloid
beta mixed with and conjugated to dihydrolipoic
acid- ( dhla ) capped cdse / zns quantum dots ( qds )
... | 1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
3. Results and Discussion
4. Imaging and Analysis
5. Conclusion |
the influence of ovarian hormone activity on migraine with ( ma ) and without aura ( mo ) throughout the female lifecycle is well known [ 1 , 2 ] .
estrogenic production induces dichotomy in the incidence of migraine between the two genders at the time of puberty , which becomes wider during the childbearing age and di... | we present the case of 48-year - old woman suffering from migraine with aura ( ma ) since menarche . during her life
the patient frequently presented catamenial ma attacks with an increasing frequency during pregnancy in particular in the second and third trimesters , and then during breast - feeding .
treatment w... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
amp - activated protein kinase birt - hogg - dub syndrome folliculin interacting protein hypoxia - inducible factor mouse embryonic fibroblast peroxisome proliferator - activated receptor coactivator 1 reactive oxygen species
sustaining rapid and persistent proliferation represents a bioenergetic and biosynthetic cha... | tumor cells manage their energy to support aberrant proliferation by reprogramming their cellular metabolism , for example through the warburg effect .
although ampk is a major regulator of energy homeostasis , its role in cancer metabolic adaptation is unclear .
we recently identified the tumor suppressor follicu... | Abbreviations
None
Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
Acknowledgments |
the steroid hormone estrogen and the estrogen receptor alpha ( er ) are necessary for the physiology of the female reproductive system ( musgrove and sutherland 2009 ) .
these factors play an essential role in the breast , ovaries , and uterus , where they control cell division and differentiation , and the deregulatio... | estrogen receptor ( er ) is a hormone - regulated transcription factor that controls cell division and differentiation in the ovary , breast , and uterus .
the expression of er is a common feature of the majority of breast cancers , which is used as a therapeutic target .
recent genetic studies have shown that er ... | Introduction
Pioneer transcription factors mediate ER binding
Function of ER-cooperating factors in hormone-regulated cancers
ER-cooperating factors influence estrogen-mediated transcription
ER-cooperating transcription factors and anti-estrogen drug response
Cell signaling pathways modulating ER and ER-cooperating fac... |
although the term myiasis was coined by f.w . hope in 1840 , it was first described by laurance in 1909 .
myasis has been defined as a pathological condition in which there is an infestation of living mammals with dipterous larvae , which , for at least a certain period , feed on living or dead tissue in the host and d... | myiasis is a rare disease caused by infestation of tissue by larvae of flies .
oral myiasis is still rare and unique owing to the fact that oral cavity rarely provides the necessary habitat for a larval lifecycle .
herein , we present a case of extensive gingival myiasis in a 12-year - old mentally retarded , ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
with a life expectancy of about 80 years , most women are expected to spend one third to one half of their lives as postmenopausal women.1 middle age is frequently seen as a marker of decline in women s health , and the most remarkable phase for most women is that of hormonal changes and their associated effects.2 in w... | objectives : the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of a multimodal intervention ( including the women s wellness program ) on increasing levels of physical activity in iranian midlife women.study design : this 12-week study was conducted in women aged 5065 years living in the general population .
wome... | Introduction
Methods
Sample recruitment
Drop outs
Procedures
Intervention group
Control group
Instruments
Results
Physical activity in intervention and control groups at baseline of the study
Current vigorous physical activity
Discussion
Conclusion |
the columnar organization of neocortex at the minicolumnar ( 2050 m ) and macrocolumnar ( 300600 m ) scales has long been known ( see mountcastle , 1997 ; horton and adams , 2005 for reviews ) .
minicolumn - scale organization has been demonstrated on several anatomical bases ( lorente de no , 1938 ; defelipe et al . ,... | no generic function for the minicolumn
i.e. , one that would apply equally well to all cortical areas and species has yet been proposed .
i propose that the minicolumn does have a generic functionality , which only becomes clear when seen in the context of the function of the higher - level , subsuming unit , th... | Introduction
Results: Model Description
Model dynamics: the code selection algorithm
Prospective mapping to cortical circuitry
Support for neuromodulator-based implementation of familiarity-contingent noise
Discussion
Supplementary Material
Conflict of Interest Statement |
obesity has been declared a global epidemic by world health organization ( who ) which has not only crossed geographical boundaries but has spread across all ages . rising prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents and
the fact that two - third of childhood obesity persists into adulthood , is increasingly co... | introduction : there has been an increasing secular trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in developing countries .
the prevalence reported among children and adolescents of some metro cities in india are comparable to that in some developed countries .
westernization of culture , rapid mushrooming of ... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussions and Conclusion
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
cytomegalovirus ( cmv ) , part of herpesviridae genus , is a common virus , with positive serology found in more than two - thirds of the population .
however , the virus remains latent in immunocompetent individuals , while reactivation may occur in the setting of immunosuppression .
cmv is known to be opportunistic i... | highlightsgastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infections can occur in immunocompetent patients.diagnosis relies on histopathologic examination of endoscopic biopsy specimen.early recognition and antiviral treatment are important to patient outcome.cytomegalovirus duodenitis has significant potential to be life - threaten... | Introduction
Presentation of case
Outcome and follow-up
Discussion
Conclusion
Conflicts of interest
Funding sources
Ethical approval
Consent
Author contributions
Registration of research studies
Guarantor |
enteropathy - associated t - cell lymphoma ( eatl ) is a rare intestinal tumor , accounting for less than 5% of gastrointestinal lymphoma .
it is known to arise from t lymphocytes that reside in the intraepithelial space of the intestines and is classified into two types.1 the classic eatl , also known as eatl type i ,... | enteropathy - associated t - cell lymphoma ( eatl ) is a rare extranodal t - cell lymphoma arising from the intestine .
two types of eatl have been reported .
in contrast to the classic eatl type i , eatl type ii occurs sporadically , is unrelated to celiac disease , and comprises 10% to 20 % of all eatl cases .
... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORTS
1. Case 1
2. Case 2
3. Case 3
4. Case 4
DISCUSSION |
the international diabetes federation stated that 382 million people worldwide suffered from diabetes in 2013 , and this number is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 .
diabetes resulted in 1.3 million mortalities in 2010 , which was twice as high as that in 1990 .
furthermore , diabetes - related complications , s... | diabetes mellitus is an increasing global health problem .
guidelines for diabetic care recommend management of lifestyle and risk factors ( glucose , blood pressure , and cholesterol ) , as well as regular screening for complications associated with treatment of the conditions related to diabetes .
the prevalence... | INTRODUCTION
PREVALENCE OF DIABETES
OBESITY AND DIABETES
MANAGING DIABETES
DIABETES-RELATED COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS |
bladder cancer is the seventh most common malignancy in men and 8 most common malignancy in women . in india ,
bladder cancer is the fifth most common cancer in men according to delhi based registry with age adjusted incidence rate of 5.8/100,000 person years .
it is predominantly a disease of the male population with ... | purpose : conventional , transurethral resection of bladder tumor ( turbt ) involves piecemeal resection of the tumor and has a very high recurrence rate .
we evaluated the outcome of en - bloc turbt ( et ) in comparison with conventional turbt ( ct ) in non - muscle invasive bladder carcinoma in terms of recurrence... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
None
Sample size
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Treatment and follow-up
Final analysis
Technique of ET, sculpting and resection technique
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
None
Discussion
CONCLUSION |
blood samples : peripheral blood samples were obtained from several farmers
and veterinarians for diagnosis of blv infection at the hokkaido university veterinary
teaching hospital .
informed consent was obtained from each owner , and approval for all
procedures was obtained from the institutional animal care and... | bovine leukemia virus ( blv ) infection induces bovine leukemia in cattle and causes
significant financial harm to farmers and farm management .
there is no effective therapy
or vaccine ; thus , the diagnosis and elimination of blv - infected cattle are the most
effective method to eradicate the infection .
... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
several techniques can be performed to improve the defination of the nasal tip such as cartilaginous resection , tip grafts , or suture placement .
resection techniques have gradually been replaced by maneuvers that are more effective in preserving the nasal tip support mechanisms1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 ... | summary
introduction : several techniques can be performed to improve nasal tip definition such as cartilage resection , tip grafts , or sutures .
objctive : to evaluate the outcome of lateral intercrural suture at the lower lateral cartilage by endonasal rhinoplasty with a basic technique without delivery in ... | Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
fractures of the proximal femur and hip are relatively common injuries in adults and common source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly . incidence of fractures is increasing , which is not unexpected because the general life expectancy of the population has increased significantly during the past few decades .... | introduction : fractures of the proximal femur and hip are relatively common injuries in adults and common source of morbidity and mortality among the elderly .
many methods have been recommended for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures.material and methods : we retrospective analyzed all the patients with f... | 1. INTRODUCTION
2. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
3. PATIENTS AND METHODS
4. RESULTS
5. DISCUSSION
6. CONCLUSION |
cell nuclei in two - dimensional ( 2d ) pathology images can yield quantitative information about the presence or absence of disease processes and also help evaluate disease progress . detecting and segmenting nuclei correctly with minimum human effort is important for cell nuclei analysis .
jung and kim showed that im... | introduction : cell nuclei are important indicators of cellular processes and diseases .
segmentation is an essential stage in systems for quantitative analysis of nuclei extracted from microscopy images .
given the wide variety of nuclei appearance in different organs and staining procedures , a plethora of metho... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Case Selection
Tissue Procurement and Processing
Digital Image Acquisition
Nuclei Detection
Nuclei Segmentation
Edge selection
Edge iteration
RESULTS
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Financial Support and Sponsorship
Conflicts of Interest |
stroke is a common neurological disease and a leading cause of chronic disability
worldwide1 .
it often causes hemiplegia ,
which is accompanied by several complications including motor , perceptive and cognitive , and
sensory abnormalities , as well as language disorders , and visual impairments2 .
the deteriora... | [ purpose ] this study was performed in order to investigate the grip strength of the
unaffected hand of hemiplegic post - stroke patients . [ subjects ] this study conducted on 83
hemiplegic post - stroke patients from may to august 2012 .
[ methods ] this study was measured
the mean grip strength of the unaf... | INTRODUCTION
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
most decisions to withhold or withdraw life - sustaining treatment from ( newborn ) infants are made with mutual consent of both physicians and parents [ 10 , 15 ] . in the context of the multiculturalism of most western european countries it is unlikely , however , that physicians and parents will always hold the same... | the four principles approach has been popularly accepted as a set of universal guidelines for biomedical ethics . based on four allegedly trans - cultural principles ( respect for autonomy , nonmaleficence , beneficence and justice ) , it is supposed to fulfil the need of a culturally neutral approach to thinking a... | Introduction
The four principles approach to biomedical ethics
The four principles rooted in Islamic ethics
Discussion
Case report |
animal use was approved by the institutional animal care and use committees at the university of oklahoma health sciences center , oklahoma city , oklahoma , and the university of houston and conformed to the arvo statement for the use of animals in ophthalmic and vision research .
the cngb1 line , the rds line ( origi... | purposerod photoreceptor outer segment ( os ) morphogenesis , structural integrity , and proper signal transduction rely on critical proteins found in the different os membrane domains ( e.g. , plasma , disc , and disc rim membrane ) . among these key elements
are retinal degeneration slow ( rds , also known as peri... | Materials and Methods
Ethics Statement and Animal Care and Use
Immunofluorescence Labeling and Protein Chemistry
Light and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Electroretinography
Statistical Analysis
Results
Levels of Rhodopsin, RDS, and ROM-1 Are Altered by Co-elimination of CNGB1 and RDS/Rhodopsin
Trafficking of OS Prot... |
pseudoaneurysm of the mitral - aortic fibrosa ( pmaf ) or intervalvular fibrosa is an uncommon condition , consisting of a pulsatile cavity in the mitral - aortic junction communicating with the left ventricular outflow tract ( lvot ) .
when intervalvular fibrosa pseudoaneurysm communicates to both the left ventricle (... | aneurysm of the mitral - aortic intervalvular fibrosa ( maif ) is an exceptionally rare but a potentially catastrophic complication , commonly following aortic valve endocarditis .
we present a 24-year - old male presenting with acute onset dyspnea secondary to maif aneurysm rupturing into a left atrium causing larg... | INTRODUCTION
CASE PRESENTATION
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Videos available on |
the most common congenital heart disease in childhood is ventricular septal defect ( vsd ) , occurring in 50% of all children with congenital heart diseases and in 20% as an isolated lesion .
double - outlet right ventricle ( dorv ) is a conotruncal malformation found in a group of complex heart lesions , which are uni... | we report on the case of 5-year - old girl with severe tricuspid regurgitation following previous repair of double outlet right ventricle with subaortic ventricular septal defect , performed through trans - atrial approach using detachment of tricuspid valve leaflet .
the severe tricuspid regurgitation was found to ... | Background
Case report
Discussion
Conclusion |
claudius amyand first performed a successful appendectomy on an 11-year - old boy with a perforated appendix within an inguinal hernia sac in 1735 . in a recent report of 1950 patients with groin ( inguinal and femoral ) hernias ,
an appendix was found in 0.51% of cases , and acute appendicitis was found in 0.10% of al... | amyand 's hernia ( appendix in the sac of an inguinal hernia ) although rare is a fairly well - recognized clinical entity .
it is associated with an increased risk of developing appendicitis .
amyand 's hernia can be repaired by open or laparoscopic methods .
we present the case of a laparoscopic extraperitonea... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
we report the case of a 25-year - old caucasian male who developed an acute right scrotum secondary to bile within peritoneal fluid that entered the scrotum through a previously undiagnosed communicating hydrocele . to the best of our knowledge ,
approximately 10 ml to 15 ml of bile was spilled during the procedure aft... | we report our experience with a patient that developed an acute right hemiscrotum immediately after undergoing an uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder dyskinesia .
the etiology of the acute scrotal pain was due to bile which was spilled into the peritoneum after entry into the gallbladder durin... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
our prospectively collected data came from 23,134 children 2 months to 13 years of age during 20032012 .
all had attended angola s largest pediatric center , the 300-bed david bernardino children s hospital in luanda , which has been the core of our treatment trials ( 2 ) , all approved by the local ethics committee . ... | in angola during 20032012 , we detected haemophilus influenzae in 18% of 2,634 and 26% of 2,996 bacteriologically positive pleural or cerebrospinal fluid samples , respectively , from children .
after vaccination launch in 2006 , h. influenzae empyema declined by 83% and meningitis by 86% .
severe h. influenzae pn... | The Study
Conclusions |
to investigate the relation between diet and chronic disease , several dietary assessment methods have been developed and evaluated .
the food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) has been used most frequently in large - scale epidemiologic studies , because ffq is less expensive to administer than are other dietary assessm... | the food frequency questionnaire ( ffq ) has been used as an important dietary assessment tool in epidemiologic studies , but the usefulness of the ffq has been debated in recent years .
this study was performed to evaluate the relative validities of 3-day food records and the semi - quantitative ffq .
a total of ... | Introduction
Subjects and Methods
Subjects
Food-frequency questionnaire
Food record
Statistical analysis
Results
Discussion |
the infection is most commonly caused by aspergillus fumigatus , with aspergillus flavus , aspergillus niger , and aspergillus terreus less often implicated.1 profound and prolonged neutropenia is the most common risk factor associated with development of disease .
as such , hematopoietic stem cell transplant ( hsct ) ... | invasive aspergillosis is a life - threatening fungal infection predominately affecting immunocompromised individuals .
the incidence of inpatient - treated aspergillosis cases in the us is estimated to be between 3.02 and 3.80 per 10,000 hospitalized patients .
the estimated difference in hospital costs of patien... | Overview and management of invasive aspergillosis
Overview of voriconazole
Clinical outcomes
Economic outcomes
Conclusions |
infantile hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors , occurring in up to 10% of infants .
although the majority of hemangiomas occur in otherwise healthy infants , there are increasing reports of associated systemic anomalies .
the association of large facial hemangiomas with underlying cerebrovascular anomalies wa... | phace association is a rare neurocutaneous condition in which facial hemangiomas associate with a spectrum of posterior fossa malformations , arterial cerebrovascular anomalies , cardiovascular anomalies , and eye anomalies .
we reported a case of phace association in a premature infant showing facial , intracranial... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
kandang kerbau women s and children s hospital is one of the major centers in singapore for the admission of sick children , including those showing respiratory illness . after obtaining prior approval from the hospital s ethics committee ( approval number ec/043/2004 )
, we collected nasopharyngeal swabs from 400 pedi... | four hundred specimens were collected from pediatric patients hospitalized in singapore ; 21 of these specimens tested positive for human metapneumovirus ( hmpv ) , with the a2 genotype predominating .
a 5% infection rate was estimated , suggesting that hmpv is a significant cause of morbidity among the pediatric po... | The Study
Conclusions |
historically , htt was initially identified as a caspase substrate and it was the first example of a protein associated with a neurodegenerative disorder cleaved during apoptosis .
caspases are highly conserved cysteine - aspartic proteases associated primarily with apoptotic cell death and essential for the processing... | huntington 's disease ( hd ) is a complex and severe disorder characterized by the gradual and the progressive loss of neurons , predominantly in the striatum , which leads to the typical motor and cognitive impairments associated with this pathology .
hd is caused by a highly polymorphic cag trinucleotide repeat ex... | Proteolytic Cleavage of HTT
Autophagy
Ageing Modifiers as Regulators of Proteostasis
Mitochondrial Deficiency, Excitotoxicity and Inflammation
Concluding Remarks |
ewing sarcoma ( es ) is the second most common malignant bone tumor in adolescents and young adults , leading to more than 200 cases of cancer in the united states per year ( seer ) .
evidence of metastatic disease at diagnosis is the most clinically relevant prognostic factor , affecting 25% of patients ( bernstein et... | ewing sarcoma ( es ) is the second most common bone tumor affecting primarily adolescents and young adults . despite recent advances in biological understanding ,
intensification of chemotherapeutic treatments , and progress in local control with surgery and/or radiation therapy , patients with metastatic or recurre... | Introduction
Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma: The Clinical Perspective
The Tumor Microenvironment
Metastatic Disease, Instability of the Clone
Closing Remarks
Conflict of Interest Statement |
broncholith is an uncommon medical problem . when considering broncholiths from a therapeutic standpoint , the role of bronchoscopy has been somewhat controversial .
we report here on two cases of successful removal of broncholith that were done without any clinically significant complications by using flexible broncho... | most broncholiths are related to infection with fungus or tuberculosis and they involve the lymph nodes ; those cases that are caused by silicosis are rarely seen .
broncholith might lead complication such as bronchial rupture into the mediastinum , which can result in hemoptysis , cough , repeated pneumonia and so ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
Case 1
Case 2
DISCUSSION |
the 1978 alma ata declaration codified the right to primary health care ( phc ) for all .
nine years later , african ministers of health convened in bamako , mali , to emphasize the need to strengthen phc on the continent , with a particular focus on maternal and child health .
decades later , however , phc remains a l... | the partnership for reviving routine immunization in northern nigeria - maternal , newborn and child health initiative supports efforts by the government of nigeria to bridge primary health care ( phc ) policies and services at three levels of government : federal , state and local .
the paper suggests that understa... | Introduction
The Partnership for Reviving Routine Immunization in Northern Nigeria - Maternal, Newborn and Child Health
Materials and Methods
Analysis
Bringing primary health care under one roof
Enhngaccess to Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization funds
Strngthening the midwives service scheme
Results and Discu... |
the benefits of regular physical activity for older adults , including reduced risk of chronic diseases and disabilities , are well known [ 16 ] .
the centers for disease control and prevention ( cdc ) currently recommends 150 minutes per week of moderate - intensity ( e.g. , brisk walking ) or 75 minutes of vigorous -... |
background .
regular walking is critical to maintaining health in older age .
we examined influences of individual and community factors on walking habits in older adults . methods .
we analyzed walking habits among participants of a prospective cohort study of 745 community - dwelling men and women , mainly a... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
autoimmune diseases ( aids ) are the third most common category of disease after cancer and heart disease and affect approximately 5~8% of the general population .
sex - linked differences are striking , with aids considered a top 10 leading cause of death in women under the age of 65 ( 1 ) .
more than 100 different ty... | because autoimmune diseases ( aids ) result from a complex combination of genetic and epigenetic factors , as well as an altered immune response to endogenous or exogenous antigens , systems biology approaches have been widely applied .
the use of multi - omics approaches , including blood transcriptomics , genomics... | INTRODUCTION
INHERITED GENES OF AIDs
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PRECIPITATE AIDs
ACTIVATION OF IMMUNE RESPONSES PROMOTES THE AIDs PHENOTYPE
BLOOD TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS FOR TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES FOR BIOMARKER DISCOVERY
CHALLENGES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES OF SYSTEMS BIOLOGY APPROACHES
CONCLUSION |
considerable improvements in health care during the course of the last century have led to unprecedented increases in current life expectancies
. however , longevity continues to favor women and as a consequence chinese and australian national health policies recognize the need to address male health in aging .
while i... | interest surrounds the role of sex - hormones in regulating brain function outside of reproductive behaviour . declining androgen production in aging males
has been associated with cognitive impairment , depression and increased risk of developing alzheimer 's disease .
indication for testosterone replacement ther... | INTRODUCTION
ANDROGEN PRODUCTION DURING MALE AGING
COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH ADVANCING AGE
ANDROGENS AND HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY AND FUNCTION
ANDROGENS AND THE REGULATION OF ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS
ANDROGEN RECEPTOR-MEDIATED EFFECTS ON ADULT HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS
EFFECTS OF TESTOSTERONE THERAPY ON COGNITION IN... |
some mechanisms involved in cell morphogenesis , such as membrane vesicle transport , are conserved at least among crown eukaryotes ( metazoa , fungi and plants ) , whereas others , such as those involving extracellular structures or the precise roles of different rho - like gtpases , are not .
yet other cellular proce... | background : the formin family of proteins has been implicated in signaling pathways of cellular morphogenesis in both animals and fungi ; in the latter case , at least , they participate in communication between the actin cytoskeleton and the cell surface . nevertheless , they appear to be cytoplasmic or nuclear prot... | Background
Results and discussion
Conclusions
Materials and methods
Identification of
Sequence alignment and domain structure analysis
Construction of the evolutionary tree
Acknowledgements |
intermaxillary fixation ( imf ) is a technique utilized in maxillofacial surgery to relate the maxilla and mandible in three dimensions of space .
various techniques and methods have been described and utilized in the literature , which include arch bars , imf screws , hybrid imf , orthodontic brackets / buttons , isle... | intermaxillary fixation ( imf ) is an integral technique utilized by maxillofacial surgeons to appropriately reduce and relate maxillary and mandibular fractures to both one another and the facial skeleton .
this case report reviews the management of a comminuted mandibular fracture including inoperable bilateral co... | I
C
D
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
a 43-year - old woman positive for hepatitis b surface antigen was diagnosed as having hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) with two intrahepatic tumor nodules , one nodule 2 cm in diameter in the left lateral segment of the liver and the other nodule 3.5 cm in diameter in the dome .
the patient underwent one session of tr... | radiofrequency ablation ( rfa ) is a minimally invasive , image - guided procedure for the treatment of hepatic tumors .
while rfa is associated with relatively low morbidity , sporadic bronchobiliary fistulae due to thermal damage may occur after rfa , although the incidence is rare .
we describe a patient with a... | CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
in june 2007 , investigators visited the veterinary clinic and the household of the index cat and conducted a contact investigation and carrier study .
interviews of 2 household members and 8 veterinary staff members indicated no recent respiratory illness , skin infection , or risk factors for diphtheria ( e.g. , trav... | novel nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated from a domestic cat with severe otitis .
contact investigation and carrier study of human and animal contacts yielded 3 additional , identical isolates from cats , although no evidence of zoonotic transmission was identified .
molecular methods distinguis... | The Study
Conclusions |
the global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have heightened the need to understand the molecular mechanisms that contribute to their pathogenesis .
patients with cushing 's syndrome develop central obesity , insulin resistance and in some cases type 2 diabetes ; this has focused attention on the potential patho... | background : endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoid ( gc ) excess ( cushing 's syndrome ) is characterized by increased adiposity and insulin resistance .
although gcs cause global insulin resistance in vivo , we have previously shown that gcs are able to augment insulin action in human adipose tissue , contrasting ... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Chub-s7 cell line
RNA extraction, reverse transcription and real-time PCR
Protein extraction and immunoblotting
Statistical analysis
Results
Short-term Dex treatment (24h) and insulin signalling in chub-s7 cells
Long-term Dex treatment (7 days) and insulin signalling in chub-s7 cells
... |
urinary tract infections are , after respiratory , the most common infection in humans ( 1 ) .
at least 80 - 90% of outpatient and 30 - 50% of inpatient urinary tract infections is caused by uropathogenic escherichia coli ( e. coli ) ( 2 ) .
specific human populations are at increased risk of developing urinary tract i... | objectives : the aim of this study was to examine the presence of antimicrobial resistance / susceptibility strains of escherichia coli in inpatients and outpatients.materials and methods : it is a retrospective study carried out at the department of microbiology , parasitology and virology faculty of medicine , unive... | 1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
5. CONCLUSIONS |
an aortoesophageal fistula ( aef ) is a rare condition that is frequently fatal and requires emergency treatment .
the potential causes of aef include surgery , esophageal reflux , tuberculosis , trauma , corrosive esophagitis , aortic aneurysm , foreign body , or malignancy .
irrespective of the cause , the resulting ... | an aortoesophageal fistula ( aef ) is an extremely rare , potentially fatal condition , and aortic surgery is usually performed together with extracorporeal circulation .
however , this surgical method has a high rate of surgical complications and mortality .
this report describes an aef caused by tuberculous esop... | INTRODUCTION
CASE DESCRIPTION
DISCUSSION |
most incidental cartilaginous tumours are small and lack suspicious features . small cartilaginous tumours without suspicious findings may be a normal concurrent finding .
they are one of the most common osseous neoplasms and are often found incidentally on radiographs , computed tomography or magnetic resonance imagi... | objectivesthe purpose was to determine prevalence of enchondromas and atypical cartilaginous tumour / chondrosarcoma grade 1 ( act / cs1 ) of the knee on mri in a large cohort study , namely the netherlands epidemiology of obesity ( neo ) study.methodsparticipants aged 45 to 65 years were prospectively included , ove... | None
Introduction
Materials and methods
Study design and study population
MRI of the right knee
Lesion analysis
Dynamic contrast MR
Histological diagnosis
Statistical analyses
Results
Lesion characteristics
Association of BMI, age, sex and knee pain with presence of cartilaginous tumours
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusi... |
diabetes therapies can negatively affect health status / health - related quality of life ( hrqol ) because of regimen complexity or rigidity , fear of injections , hypoglycaemia and fear of hypoglycaemia 1,2 .
thus , reducing hypoglycaemia and providing a more predictable treatment regimen might be expected to improve... | insulin degludec ( ideg ) is a new basal insulin with an ultra - long and stable glucose - lowering effect .
we compared once - daily ideg and insulin glargine ( iglar ) , both in combination with metformin dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors , in a 52-week , open - label , treat - to - target trial in patients wit... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conflict of Interest
Author declaration |
currently , one of the biggest worries of our society is the future of the climate .
common belief supported by an impressive 97% consensus is that our planet is heating up at an accelerated rate , caused by the rapid increase in carbon dioxide ( co2 ) concentration in the atmosphere , henceforth called [ co2 ] .
this... | the primary ingredient of the anthropogenic global warming hypothesis , namely , the assumption that additional atmospheric carbon dioxide substantially raises the global temperature , is studied .
this is done by looking at the data of temperature and co2 , both in the time domain and in the phase domain of periodi... | 1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Conclusion |
uveitis occurs in 5070% of patients with behet 's disease ( bd ) typically within two years of disease onset in the majority of cases [ 1 , 2 ] .
the course of the disease is characterized by the variable severity of recurrent symptomatic exacerbations of uveitis and spontaneous remission of the inflammatory signs .
mi... |
purpose . to investigate if there is a prognostic implication of the presence of cellular debris in the anterior vitreous in patients with behet 's disease ( bd ) without any ocular symptoms . methods .
one hundred and twenty eyes of 60 patients with bd were included in the study .
the eyes were divided into two... | 1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
granulosis rubra nasi is a rare disorder of the eccrine glands first described by jadassohn in 1901 .
it is thought to be common in european countries . in the english literature maschkillesson and neradow ( 1935 )
have recorded 130 cases and the disease was not thought to be rare . although it is inherited as an auto... | granulosis rubra nasi is a rare disorder of the eccrine glands , inherited as an autosomal dominant trait .
it is clinically characterized by hyperhidrosis of the central part of the face , most conspicuous on the tip of the nose , followed by appearance of diffuse erythema over the nose , cheeks , chin , and upper ... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION |
tmrna was discovered in 1995 , when simpson and coworkers overexpressed a mouse cytokine in escherichia coli and found truncated cytokine peptides each tagged at the carboxyl termini with the same 11-amino acid residue extension aandenyalaa .
this tag sequence turned out to be encoded in a small stable rna that had bee... | the transfer - messenger ribonucleoprotein ( tmrnp ) , which is composed of rna and a small protein , small protein b ( smpb ) , recycles ribosomes that are stalled on broken mrnas lacking stop codons and tags the partially translated proteins for degradation . although it is not yet understood how the ribosome gets f... | Discovery and properties of transfer messenger RNA
Identifying determinants of template switching
Acknowledgements |
there is some evidence to suggest that working memory might be impaired in patients who show jtc compared to those who do not .
a small study by ormrod et al69 found that visual working memory performance was affected in first - episode psychosis patients who showed a jtc response style .
in addition , in sz patients w... | schizophrenia is a mental disorder associated with a variety of symptoms , including hallucinations , delusions , social withdrawal , and cognitive dysfunction .
impairments on decision - making tasks are routinely reported : evidence points to a particular deficit in learning from and revising behavior following fe... | Working memory impairment
Liberal acceptance
Hypersalience of evidence
Self-monitoring difficulties
Remarks
Methods of investigation
Pharmacological interventions
fMRI studies
Role in therapy
Conclusion |
in october 2001 , the nordic cochrane centre published a cochrane review of mammography screening , which questioned whether screening reduces breast cancer mortality.1 within the same month , the centre published a more comprehensive review in lancet that also reported on the harms of screening and found considerable ... | introductionin 2001 , a cochrane review of mammography screening questioned whether screening reduces breast cancer mortality , and a more comprehensive review in lancet , also in 2001 , reported considerable overdiagnosis and overtreatment .
this led to a heated debate and a recent review of the evidence by uk expe... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Development over time
Limitations
Conclusion
Supplementary Material
Supplementary Material |
fl is the second most common form of nhl , accounting for approximately 30% of nhl cases .
the disease is characterized by a slow progression and high response rates to therapy , that is the reason why it is considered the prototype of indolent lymphomas ; median survival is currently around 14 years , with most patien... | several infectious agents appear to provide a proliferative signal -- antigen - drive that could be implicated in the pathogenesis of various type of non - hodgkin lymphoma ( nhl ) .
a classical model of the infection - driven lymphoproliferative disorder is helicobacter pylori - induced gastric malt lymphoma , w... | Introduction
Role of Infection in other Lymphomas
Epidemiological Evidence
Biological Evidence
Clinical Evidence
Discussion
Conclusions |
in the may issue of genome medicine , belmont and mcguire make the case for a ' uniform electronic health record ' ( ehr ) that includes both genotype and phenotype information . by uniform they mean a single data standard across different ehr databases and user interfaces , rather than a single database or a single ... | there is value to patients , clinicians and researchers from having a single electronic health record data standard that allows an integrated view , including genotype and phenotype data .
however , it is important that this integrated view of the data is not created through a single database because privacy breache... | None
Conclusions
Abbreviations
Competing interests
Authors' contributions |
a challenge in medicinal
chemistry is the appropriate evaluation
of structure activity relations .
if the assays fail to fully
capture the critical features determining biological activity , then
the impact from the synthetic effort is correspondingly diminished .
the traditional model of drug action is of a... | protein
kinase c ( pkc ) , a validated therapeutic target for cancer
chemotherapy , provides a paradigm for assessing structure activity
relations , where ligand binding has multiple consequences for a target .
for pkc , ligand
binding controls not only pkc activation and multiple
phosphorylations but als... | Introduction
Results
Discussion
Experimental
Section |
different studies in animal models have demonstrated that the combination of vrb and cape has a synergistic activity against breast cancer cells , due to their different mechanism of action .
these results have been subsequently confirmed in numerous studies conducted in metastatic breast cancer patients , heavily pret... |
background . vinorelbine ( vrb ) and capecitabine ( cape ) are demonstrated to be active in pretreated metastatic breast cancer patients .
different studies have demonstrated that the metronomic treatment is active with an acceptable toxicity profile .
we designed a phases i - ii study to define the mtd of oral ... | 1. Background
2. Patients and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion |
the sibling bond is the marathon runner of human relationships ; it is the longest lasting relationship , enduring from the birth of the youngest sibling to the death of the first to go .
it is therefore reasonable to assume the importance of this relationship across the lifespan .
it has been established that the y... |
objective .
the purpose of this review of the literature was to summarise studies regarding the psychosocial impact of growing up with a sibling with autism and to identify gaps in the related literature .
methods .
electronic databases were reviewed in order to critically appraise the 14 articles relevant to ... | 1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions |
a number of bacteria resist axenic ( i.e. cell - free ) culture in the laboratory . those include obligate parasites causing serious human diseases , such as rickettsia ( 1,2 ) and mycobacterium leprae ( 3 ) .
they adapt to a limited environment that provides appropriate physical conditions , nutriments and other fact... | metagrowth is a new type of knowledge base developed to guide the experimental studies of culture conditions of obligate parasitic bacteria .
we have gathered biological evidences giving possible clues to the development of the axenic ( i.e. cell - free ) growth of obligate parasites from various sources including ... | INTRODUCTION
DATA IN METAGROWTH
DESIGN OF A NEW CELL-FREE CULTURE MEDIUM
FUTURE DIRECTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
each origin generates a pair of sister replication forks that subsequently move along parental dna in a bidirectional manner to undergo dna replication .
replication forks then terminate when they encounter forks from the adjacent replication origins moving in the opposite direction .
thus , replication initiated at ea... | duplication of chromosomal dna is a temporally and spatially regulated process .
the timing of dna replication initiation at various origins is highly coordinated ; some origins fire early and others late during s phase .
moreover , inside the nuclei , the bulk of dna replication is physically organized in replica... | Introduction
Subnuclear localization of replication origins and timing of their firing
Replisome architecture and association of sister replisomes
Possible benefits of the association of sister replisomes
Replication foci and replication factory
Replication factories: regulation, organization, and possible benefits
DNA... |
deficient capacity can cause tissue hypoperfusion , microcirculation dysfunction , and vital organ failure . however , excess liquid expansion may also cause cardiac insufficiency , pulmonary edema , and other adverse clinical consequences . although it is essential to optimize cardiac preload immediately to maintain t... | backgroundthis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the inferior vena cava respirophasic variation ( ivc collapsibility index [ ivcci ] ) and the general heart end - diastolic volume index ( gedvi ) . by determining the above relationship , we could evaluate the utility of ivcci as an indicator.material... | Background
Material and Methods
Demographicdata
Administration of PiCCO
Bedside ultrasound
Volume expansion
Statistical analysis
Results
GEDVI had the strongest negative correlation with IVCCI after fluid resuscitation in both the NRG and PRG groups
The initial IVCCI, which was higher than 12.9%, acted as a cut-off val... |
pollens are important allergens which trigger symptoms in patients with allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis ( ar ) and asthma .
pollens during pollination period generally trigger asthma . at the time of seasonal peaks , large number of pollen grains
are liberated from the trees and remain suspended in the air ... | aims and objectives : environmental pollens are known to cause exacerbation of symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis ( ar ) and asthma . during pollen months ,
number of patients visiting hospital has been shown to increase in some studies . however , in india , such studies are lacking .
therefore , we aime... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSIONS
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
mantle cell lymphoma ( mcl ) is a b - cell malignant lymphoid tumor which is defined as a separate entity and included in lymphoma classification by world health organization ( who ) .
mcl includes small - medium sized lymphoid cells and accounts for 610% of all b - cell lymphomas .
mcl patients are predominantly older... | mantle cell lymphoma ( mcl ) is a subtype of b - cell non - hodgkin 's lymphoma seen predominantly in males .
common extra - nodal sites of involvement of mcl are waldeyer 's ring , gastrointestinal tract , bone marrow and peripheral blood .
the extra - nodal palatal localization of mcl is quite uncommon .
mcl i... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
the international continence society defines nocturia as the need to void one or more times during the night , with each of the voids preceded and followed by sleep .
nocturia has the following two main causes : increased nocturnal urine volume and vesical instability.1 as one of the most common complaints in patients ... | backgroundnocturia has been proven to have a negative impact on the quality of life and sleep quality in general elderly population . however , there are limited studies on the quantitative effect of nocturia on sleep quality and daytime dysfunction , specifically in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.patients... | Introduction
Patients and methods
Participants and study protocol
Data collection
Measuring sleep quality and daytime dysfunction
Measuring LUTS
Other parameters
Statistical analyses
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
in january 2007 , the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists ( acog ) practice bulletin number 77 recommended screening and invasive diagnostic testing should be available to all women who present for prenatal care before 20 weeks of gestation regardless of maternal age . several strategies for screenin... | the types , interpretation , and use of first- and second - trimester aneuploidy screening are often unclear for many women .
this impairs appropriate decision making and understanding of the implications of prenatal genetic testing options .
the purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of stepwise seq... | Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
Conclusion |
non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) is a condition characterized by the accumulation of large fat droplets in hepatocytes ( hepatic steatosis ) that usually appear in those without a history of alcohol abuse or known liver disease ( 1 ) .
nafld is a metabolic disorder affecting obese or overweight individuals... | in this study , we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline and atorvastatin in the treatment of non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nafld ) .
the study included 98 patients with histologically confirmed nafld divided into 2 groups as follows : group i ( 57 dyslipidemic patients , receiving atorvastatin 20... | Introduction
Materials and methods
Results
Discussion |
it is essencial to localize the toxic region accurately in hyperthyroid patients before making a decision to remove with operation .
here we report a cese of an intrathoracic toxic thyroid nodule causing hyperthyroidism with a multinodular normal functional cervical thyroid gland .
a 62-year - old female presented with... | radionuclide scintigraphy with i-131 and tc-99 m pertechnetate ( 99mtc04 ) has been widely used in detecting toxic nodules .
intrathoracic goiter usually presents as an anterior mediastinal mass .
mostly the connection between intrathoracic mass and the cervical thyroid gland is clearly and easily identified occur... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
advances in biomedical research have given way to new enthusiasm surrounding the expectation that medical treatment will be informed by an individual 's genetic information .
as knowledge of the genetic factors underlying complex diseases such as cancer advances , new tools for disease risk assessment , screening , pro... | personalized medicine promises that an individual 's genetic information will be increasingly used to prioritize access to health care .
use of genetic information to inform medical decision making , however , raises questions as to whether such use could be inequitable . using breast cancer genetic risk prediction ... | Using genetic information in medical decision making
Case study: breast cancer risk prediction models
Limitations of risk prediction models
Consequences for equitable access to health care
Challenges for implementation
Legal consequences
Ethical consequences
Conclusion |
the reductions in leg strength have been observed during concentric and isometric actions . moreover ,
positive correlations between lower leg strength and walking tolerance have been identified , suggesting that interventions to improve leg strength might increase exercise tolerance in these patients.5 however , basic... | objective : to analyze concentric and eccentric strength and endurance in patients with unilateral intermittent claudication.introduction:basic motor tasks are composed of concentric , isometric , and eccentric actions , which are related and contribute to physical performance . in previous studies of patients with in... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients
Ankle Brachial Index
Assessment of muscular strength and endurance
Statistical analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
descemet s membrane tearing is often attributable to surgical procedures , and is usually confined to the incision site . early in the postoperative period , patients can be asymptomatic , and clinical signs might be difficult to detect .
when apparent , descemet s membrane tears and detachments may cause decreased vis... | a 51-year - old male who had undergone phacoemulsification in his left eye 11 months prior presented with complaint of sudden onset of blurred vision in the same eye .
review of his clinical course , slit - lamp exam , pachymetry , and specular endothelial microscopy led to the diagnosis of acute hydrops caused by d... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
rasa shastra means the science of mercury but also refers to the preparation of minerals / metals suitable for the body so that they can be used as medicines .
minerals such as mercury and arsenic are considered toxic but with proper shodhana ( detoxification ) process , they can be turned into therapeutic medicines .
... | background : shwas kuthar rasa is a prestigious and potential herbomineral formulation of ayurveda tested on 100 years of time scale for the treatment of asthma , allergy , and other respiratory problems .
however , there is a lack of scientific work on shwas kuthar rasa.objective:to prepare and physicochemically ev... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant materials
Preparation of
Structural and physicochemical characterization
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest |
alagille syndrome is clinically defined by neonatal cholestatic jaundice with intrahepatic bile duct hypoplasia associated with additional findings , including a characteristic facies , peripheral pulmonary artery stenosis , butterfly - like vertebral anomalies , and ocular abnormalities .
ocular findings include poste... | we report the first case in the literature of chorioretinal atrophy involving the macula in an 11-year - old girl with alagille syndrome , as examined by optical coherence tomography , and fundus autofluorescence imaging .
funduscopy revealed diffuse choroidal hypopigmentation with increased visibility of the choroi... | Introduction
Case report
Discussion |
animals studies and preparations : all animal procedures were performed in
accordance with the guidelines of the institutional animal care and use committee of seoul
national university ( snu-111115 - 4 ) .
both eyes of 25 clinically normal laboratory beagle dogs
were used in this study .
complete ophthalmic exam... | abstractcentral corneal thickness ( cct ) can be a promising source of glaucoma monitoring and
diagnosis .
this study evaluated changes in cct according to experimental adjustment of
intraocular pressure ( iop ) in canine eyes . to adjust and measure iop ,
each eye was
cannulated with two 26-gauge needles un... | MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION |
f. mangiferae isolated from malformed floral tissues of dashehri cultivar of mango demonstrated light purple in addition white colony color .
microscopic study f. mangiferae revealed the presence of micro- and macro - conidia , however chlamydospores were entirely absent .
both the micro- and macro - conidia may germin... | mango malformation is the most important and threatening disease of recent times , primarily because of persistent lacuna in complete understanding of its nature .
diverse fusarium spp , including f. mangiferae , were found to be associated with the disease . here , f. mangiferae from mango cv dashehri was morpholog... | Results
Isolation and morphological characterization of
Effect of naphthalene acetic acid, gibberellic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, and ethrel on conidia germination of
Anti-malformin chemicals affect the germination of
Discussion
Materials and Methods
Isolation, purification, and morphological identification of
Plan... |
the effects of smoking habits of mother during pregnancy have been studied in the past century or so in various communities and different cultures .
one of the earliest studies ( 1 ) in birmingham , uk , reported in 1959 shows that infants of mothers who smoked regularly during pregnancy were on the average more than 1... | background : the objectives of this work were to study the association of maternal smoking habits with stillbirths , abortions , neonatal deaths , birth weights , placental weights and the outcomes on the 28th day of life.methods:a questionnaire was developed and completed with the hospitals recorded data collected ov... | Introduction
Materials and Methods
Research Design
Data Collection
Statistical Analysis
Results
Discussion
Smoking Habits and Previous Stillbirths and Previous Abortions
Smoking Habits and Previous Neonatal Deaths
Smoking Habits and Birth Weight
Smoking Habits and Placental Weight
Smoking Habits and Outcomes on the 28
... |
amyloid pet can identify fibrillar amyloid- ( a ) deposition , a core aspect of alzheimer s disease ( ad ) pathology , in vivo .
however , cost , availability , and paucity of evidence that it changes management are factors that limit its clinical use . proposed appropriate use criteria suggest that amyloid pet may b... | cerebrospinal fluid ( csf ) measures of amyloid and tau are the first - line alzheimer s disease biomarkers in many clinical centers .
we assessed if and when the addition of amyloid pet following csf measurements provides added diagnostic value .
twenty patients from a cognitive clinic , who had undergone detaile... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
Supplementary Material |
the effects of exogenous administration of neurotrophic molecules on neurorestoration of lesioned central nervous system have been largely evaluated .
pigment epithelium derived factor ( pedf ) has emerged as a potential candidate to promote behavioral gain and neurorestorative events in the spinal cord injury because ... | pigment epithelium derived factor ( pedf ) exerts trophic actions to motoneurons and modulates nonneuronal restorative events , but its effects on neuroplasticity responses after spinal cord ( sc ) injury are unknown .
rats received a low thoracic sc photothrombotic ischemia and local injection of pedf and were eval... | 1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion |
additionally , the obturating materials seal within the canal system any irritants that are not removed during chemomechanical preparation .
gutta - percha has been considered as the gold standard filling material and for many years has been used as a core material with zinc oxide eugenolbased or ca(oh)2 based sealer... | aim : to evaluate and compare the push - out bond strengths of three obturation materials ; gutta - percha / ah plus , resilon / epiphany self - etch ( se ) and endorez obturation system to intraradicular dentin.materials and methods : sixty single - canal anterior teeth were prepared and assigned to experimental grou... | INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample selection and specimen preparation
Canal filling
Push-out assessment
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION |
coronary artery aneurysm is a rare clinical entity with an estimate incidence of 0.35% among patients who undergo coronary angiography .
giant coronary artery aneurysm is defined as a coronary dilatation that exceeds by four times or has a diameter exceeding 8 mm , and is under controversies in the literature .
giant c... | coronary artery aneurysm is a rare clinical entity encountered incidentally 0.35% among patients who undergo coronary angiography .
even giant coronary artery aneurysm is much rarer with an incidence of 0.02% among all atherosclerotic cases . due to rare occurrence and lack of controlled trials , clinical presentati... | INTRODUCTION
CASE REPORT
DISCUSSION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT |
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