id stringlengths 24 24 | type stringclasses 4
values | body stringlengths 13 215 | ideal_answer listlengths 1 12 | exact_answer listlengths 0 44 | snippets listlengths 0 121 | documents listlengths 1 157 | triples listlengths 0 537 | concepts listlengths 0 99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
531af8cbb166e2b80600003a | factoid | How many genes outside of the MHC locus have been genetically associated to Rheumatoid Arthritis through GWAS? | [
"Large genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 30 loci involved in RA pathogenesis. To date, over 30 non-MHC RA-associated loci have been identified in humans, and over 100 arthritis-associated loci have been identified in rodent models of RA. The most relevant non-HLA gene single nucleotid... | [
"more than 30"
] | [
"Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have allowed the characterization of more than 40 new susceptibility genes and the confirmation of a marked differential genetic background between patients expressing anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA, approximately 80% of all RA patients) and ACPA negative ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21542789",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251581",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20453842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23251214",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23288628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001172",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001171",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:676",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exa... |
56e0797451531f7e3300000f | yesno | Are optogenetics tools used in the study and treatment of epilepsy? | [
"Using optogenetics tools it is possible to begin to address some of the fundamental unanswered questions in epilepsy, to dissect epileptic neuronal circuits and to develop new intervention strategies."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The emerging revolutionary technique of optogenetics enables manipulation of the activity of specific neuronal populations in vivo with exquisite spatiotemporal resolution using light. We used optogenetic approaches to test the role of hippocampal excitatory neurons in the lithium-pilocarpine model of acute elicit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24491965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25108607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23871610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25710834",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004827",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062308"
] |
5544de7a5beec11c10000005 | factoid | In which phase of cell cycle does stress-induced transcription-associated mutagenesis (TAM) occur? | [
"Factors involved in RNA polymerase (RNAP) processivity or transcriptional derepression, such as Mfd (transcription coupling repair factor), contribute to the generation of stress-induced mutations. Under stress, transcription-associated mutagenesis is increased. Stress-induced transcription-associated mutations ar... | [
"stationary phase"
] | [
"factors involved in RNA polymerase (RNAP) processivity or transcriptional derepression contribute to the generation of stress-induced mutations. In Bacillus subtilis, transcription-associated mutagenesis has been shown to be independent of recombination-dependent repair and, in some cases, of the Y DNA polymerases... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22201950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20479947",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20036541"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007049",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006351",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0022403",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0000115",
"htt... |
531b3ff3b166e2b80600003d | list | Which proteins are related to the loss of cell-cell adhesion during EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition)? | [
"Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms mediated by several inducers of EMT, in particular the ZEB and Snail factors, downregulate the expression and/or functional organization of core polarity complexes. Functional loss of the cell-cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin is an essential event for... | [
"ZEB",
"SNAIL",
"SIRT1",
"EGF",
"TGFb",
"aPKC",
"Par6"
] | [
"conserved polarity proteins Par6 and aPKC regulate cell polarization processes",
" In addition to signaling pathways that alter genetic programes that trigger the loss of cell-cell adhesion, alternative pathways can alter cell plasticity to regulate cell-cell cohesion and increase invasive potential",
"One suc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19295128",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16080193",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19604397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19029937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20168079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880940",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/go/0001837",
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/go/0014031"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/go/0014031",
"o": "http://www.geneontology.org/go#GO:00... | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4269222",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0001837",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002448",
"h... |
54f4627e64850a5854000007 | yesno | Is micro RNA 1 (miR-1) implicated in cardiac arrhythmias? | [
"Yes. miR-1 overexpression may contribute to the increased susceptibility of the heart to AVB, which provides us novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ischemic cardiac arrhythmias. As miR-1 has been shown in animal models and clinical studies to contribute to arrhythmogenesis by regulating pacemak... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Dysfunction of the gap junction protein connexin 43 (Cx43), an established miR-1 target, during cardiac hypertrophy leads to ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT).",
"miR-1 overexpression may contribute to the increased susceptibility of the heart to AVB, which provides us novel insights into the molecular mechanism... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959133",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015039",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17401374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22045061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19581315",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19933931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001145"
] |
553a6a9fbc4f83e82800001c | yesno | Are there Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) in invertebrate genomes? | [
"Yes.",
"Yes. Conserved Noncoding Elements (CNEs) have also been found in invertebrate genomes."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Here, we use genome-wide comparisons between C. intestinalis and C. savignyi to identify putative urochordate cis-regulatory sequences. Ciona conserved non-coding elements (ciCNEs) are associated with largely the same key regulatory genes as vertebrate CNEs",
"We have identified Conserved Non-coding Elements (CN... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24282393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17274809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18402933"
] | [] | [] |
55421ee7ccca0ce74b000002 | factoid | Which tumor suppressor is referred to as "the guardian of the genome"? | [
"The major tumour suppressor protein, p53, is one of the most well-studied proteins in cell biology. It plays a crucial role in regulating the transcription of numerous genes responsible for cells cycle arrest, DNA repair, angiogenesis, cell senescence, or apoptosis in response to various stress signals, and is con... | [
"p53"
] | [
"The major tumour suppressor protein, p53, is one of the most well-studied proteins in cell biology. Often referred to as the Guardian of the Genome, the list of known functions of p53 include regulatory roles in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, angiogenesis, DNA repair and cell senescence.",
"p53-Based cyclotherapy... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18794879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875573",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22017796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22611192",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19243304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11156366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051726",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016147",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025521"
] |
5717e0717de986d80d000002 | summary | What is known about diseases associated with mutations in the CHCHD10 gene? | [
"Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ. \nMutations in the CHCHD10 gene have been identified in a large family with a complex phenotype variably associating frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), cerebellar ataxia, myopathy, ... | [] | [
"Late onset spinal motor neuronopathy is caused by mutation in CHCHD10.",
"Mutation c.197G>T p.G66V in CHCHD10 is the cause of the lower motor neuron syndrome LOSMoN/SMAJ. During the preparation of this article other mutations were reported to cause frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis syndrome, ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25428574",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24934289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25193783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25155093"
] | [
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0049608",
"o": "D004194"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0015570",
"o": "D004194"
}
] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=diseases_category",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057180",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004194",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/... |
514a0a57d24251bc05000051 | factoid | Which drug should be used as an antidote in benzodiazepine overdose? | [
"Flumazenil should be used in all patients presenting with suspected benzodiazepine overdose. Flumazenil is a potent benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that competitively blocks the central effects of benzodiazepines and reverses behavioral, neurologic, and electrophysiologic effects of benzodiazepine overdose. Cl... | [
"flumazenil"
] | [
"Benzodiazepine (BZD) overdose (OD) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the UK. Flumazenil is an effective antidote but there is a risk of seizures, particularly in those who have co-ingested tricyclic antidepressants.",
"Flumazenil was administered to 80 patients in 4504 BZD-related enquiri... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1354979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7629986",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8438687",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2893240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11349753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18175099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D062787",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001569",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000931"
] |
516c1041298dcd4e51000070 | yesno | Does thyroid hormone signaling affect microRNAs expression in the heart? | [
"YES"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"e show that the heart regulates systemic energy homeostasis via MED13, a subunit of the Mediator complex, which controls transcription by thyroid hormone and other nuclear hormone receptors. MED13, in turn, is negatively regulated by a heart-specific microRNA, miR-208a.",
"On the other hand, T₃ treatment increas... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22525353",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21149577",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17379774"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_LITCT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THB_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THB_SHEEP",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_PYGAD",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_CHICK",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB... |
5148f6f0d24251bc0500003c | summary | Give examples of next-generation sequencing applications in mutation screening? | [
"Next generation sequencing data for a particular genomic region can be seen as the summation of all the individual sequences (reads) obtained for that region and no longer as the mean of this sum as it is the case for traditional Sanger sequencing. NGS is introduced to an increasing number of mutation screening ap... | [] | [
"NGS sequencing data for a particular genomic region can be seen as the summation of all the individual sequences (reads) obtained for that region and no longer as the mean of this sum as it is the case for traditional Sanger sequencing.",
"Hereby we present the proof of principle of a NGS based mutation screenin... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22258533",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068339",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20569258",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921312",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A4360575",
"o": "mutation carrier screening"
}
] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017421",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017422",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008403",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
5314c7afdae131f84700000a | list | List common features of Shapiro syndrome | [
"Shapiro syndrome is a rare entity, comprising a triad of recurrent hypothermia, hyperhidrosis and congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum. Hypermelatoninemia has also been described in a patient with Shapiro syndrome."
] | [
"recurrent hypothermia",
"hyperhidrosis",
"congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum"
] | [
"Shapiro syndrome is defined as the constellation of periodic hypothermia and hyperhidrosis along with agenesis of the corpus callosum by Shapiro et al. in 1969.",
"Shapiro syndrome is a rare entity, comprising a triad of recurrent hypothermia, hyperhidrosis and congenital agenesis of the corpus callosum. ",
"W... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7565067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21041995",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23578790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24187634",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24339619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19027594"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18458850",
"o": "C537594"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18471145",
"o": "Recurrent spontaneous hyp... | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577"
] |
52f5417b2059c6d71c000024 | list | List mouse models for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). | [
"Numerous mouse models exists for autism spectrum disorder, such as: BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR), maternal immune, activation (MIA) mouse model of gestational poly(IC) exposure, C58/J and ProSAP1/Shank2."
] | [
"maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model of gestational poly(IC) exposure",
"C58/J",
"Grin1",
"Shank3-deficient mice",
"C57BL/6J",
"SYNGAP1",
"Tsc2f/-",
"MALTT",
"(Dp(11)17/+)",
"NR1(neo-/-)",
"TS2-neo mouse",
"Tbx1 heterozygous (HT) mice",
"BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR)",
"VPA600",
"ProSAP1/S... | [
"maternal immune activation (MIA) mouse model that is known to display features of ASD.",
"BTBR T+tf/J (BTBR), a model of ASD with cognitive deficits,",
"C58/J mouse strain, a model of ASD core symptoms. ",
"the C58/J mouse model of autism",
"Both C58/J and Grin1 knockdown mice, another model of ASD-like be... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22958973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24096295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24293564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23516405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22560338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20699105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008957",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008962",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004195",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
56ae3cdc0a360a5e45000008 | summary | What is BioASQ? | [
"BIOASQ assesses the ability of systems to semantically index very large numbers of biomedical scientific articles, and to return concise and user-understandable answers to given natural language questions by combining information from biomedical articles and ontologies. ",
"The BioASQ challenge is a competition ... | [] | [
"BIOASQ helped obtain a unified view of how techniques from text classification, semantic indexing, document and passage retrieval, question answering, and text summarization can be combined to allow biomedical experts to obtain concise, user-understandable answers to questions reflecting their real information nee... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25925131"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012660"
] |
5717ab7ccb4ef8864c00000c | list | Which are the main functions of G3BP1 and G3BP2 proteins? | [
"The main functions of G3BP1 and/or G3BP2 include translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs during dengue virus infection, initiation of assembly of stress granules, regulation of PMP22 mRNA which was found to affect cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, participation in several signaling pathways involved in... | [
"Translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs during dengue virus infection",
"Initiation of assembly of stress granules",
"Regulation of PMP22 mRNA which was found to affect cell proliferation in breast cancer cells",
"Participation in several signaling pathways involved in growth, differentiation and apoptosi... | [
"Both G3BP1 and G3BP2 contribute to stress granule formation",
"G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 are required for translation of interferon stimulated mRNAs and are targeted by a dengue virus non-coding RNA",
"We examined three conserved host RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) G3BP1, G3BP2 and CAPRIN1 in dengue virus (DENV-2)... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321297",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392851",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079183",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21957497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24992036",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279204",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
53262cdcd6d3ac6a34000003 | factoid | What is the definitive treatment for low pressure headache? | [
"epidural blood patch"
] | [
"epidural blood patch"
] | [
"This was initially treated with analgesia, caffeine, and fluids for the presumed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak",
"she was treated for CSF leak using an epidural blood patch.",
"Epidural blood patching may be necessary to seal the leak - CT fluoroscopy may be helpful in delivering the patch directly to the sit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19665883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20814596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21461591",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16244018",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17961846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006261",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020773"
] |
51542de6d24251bc0500007f | summary | What is the role of the histidine rich calcium binding protein (HRC) in cardiomyopathy? | [
"The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC), a 165 kDa sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) protein, regulates SR Ca cycling during excitation–contraction coupling. HRC mutations or polymorphisms lead to cardiac dysfunction. The Ser96Ala genetic variant of HRC is associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias a... | [] | [
"The histidine-rich Ca-binding protein (HRC) is a Ca-storage protein in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. Recent transgenic studies revealed that this protein inhibits the maximal rates of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-transport, leading to cardiac dysfunction. In view of the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-cycling in ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17499229",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18617481",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21742996"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0594280",
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_513348593037001D",
... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002311",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009202",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SRCH_RABIT"
] |
53036faab24d855b11000001 | factoid | What is the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes? | [
"the incidence of sudden cardiac death among young athletes ranges from 0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year ."
] | [
"0.5 to 3 per 100,000 athletes per year"
] | [
"Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of mortality among young athletes with an incidence of 1-2 per 100,000 athletes per annum.",
"The incidence of SCD is expected at one case for each 200,000 young athletes per year.",
"The incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among young athletes is estimated to be 1... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19734497",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22362900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17143117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19587604",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17330410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20682064"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016757",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015994",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055815",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
5713506d1174fb1755000003 | summary | What is the effect of amitriptyline in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy? | [
"Amitriptyline is efficacious in ameliorating muscle inflammation and depressive symptoms in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"Amitriptyline treatment had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mdx mice associated with elevations in serotonin levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. On the ot... | [] | [
"Amitriptyline is efficacious in ameliorating muscle inflammation and depressive symptoms in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy",
"Amitriptyline treatment had anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in mdx mice associated with elevations in serotonin levels in the amygdala and hippocampus",
" Infl... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24972834"
] | [] | [] |
56c6dc6f5795f9a73e000007 | list | Which post-translational histone modifications are characteristic of facultative heterochromatin? | [
"Nuclear VapB methyltransferase diminishes the establishment of facultative heterochromatin by decreasing histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3). Dramatic changes in exposure of a repressive chromatin mark, H3K9me2, indicate that during development linker histone plays a role in establishing the facultative he... | [
"H3K9me3",
"H3K9me2",
"H3K36me3"
] | [
"We used chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing (\"ChIP-seq\") of DNA associated with the centromere-specific histone H3, CENP-A (CenH3), to identify centromeric DNA, and ChIP-seq with antibodies against dimethylated H3K4, trimethylated H3K9 and trimethylated H3K27 to determine the r... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25938714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19515781",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23645681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16648823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26430472",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21803857"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051567",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000792",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006570",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4278518",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact... |
56f5692f09dd18d46b00000a | list | Mutations in which genes have been associated with Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome? | [
"Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by mutations in any of six genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR)."
] | [
"TREX1",
"RNASEH2A",
"RNASEH2B",
"RNASEH2C",
"SAMHD1",
"ADAR"
] | [
"Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by mutations in any of six genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ADAR). ",
"Aicardi-Goutières syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder caused by mutations in any of six genes (TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, and ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23365100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19034401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25500879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17846997",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183309",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21808053"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RNH2A_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058540",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050629",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:8461",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RNH2C_HUMAN",
"ht... |
530a3e18970c65fa6b000005 | list | List bacteria that may be useful in uranium bioremediation. | [
"The main bacteria studied in uranium bioremediation are Geobacteraceae. Other bacteria are: \nFirmicutes, \nShewanella oneidensis\nPseudomonas aeruginosa\nAnaeromyxobacter dehalogenans \nstrain Rf4T"
] | [
"Betaproteobacteria",
"Firmicutes",
"Geobacter",
"Geobacteraceae",
"Geobacter uraniireducens",
"Shewanella oneidensis",
"Pseudomonas aeruginosa",
"Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans",
"strain Rf4T"
] | [
"Members of the Betaproteobacteria (i.e. Dechloromonas, Ralstonia, Rhodoferax, Polaromonas, Delftia, Chromobacterium) and the Firmicutes dominated the biostimulated aquifer community.",
"Shewanella oneidensis is an important model organism for bioremediation studies because of its diverse respiratory capabilities... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19717633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15819846",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18378664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976101",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23038171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7801424",
"o": "D001673"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0598015",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resourc... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014501",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001673",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017974",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
52fb7c512059c6d71c000069 | factoid | How much should be the duration of the QT interval in patients with short QT syndrome? | [
"The short-QT syndrome is characterized by QT intervals <300-330 msec"
] | [
"below 300-330 msec"
] | [
"The short QT syndrome constitutes a new clinical entity that is associated with a high incidence of sudden cardiac death, syncope, and/or atrial fibrillation even in young patients and newborns. Patients with this congenital electrical abnormality are characterized by rate-corrected QT intervals<320 ms. ",
"QT i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16265378",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17497253",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15890322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16482041",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17432514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060373",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060307",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
52f65f372059c6d71c000027 | summary | What is known about potential implication of thyroid hormone receptors in arterial hypertension? | [
"thyroid hormone receptors are implicated in arterial hypertension",
"An associations between the THRA rs939348 polymorphism and systolic BP and the risk of hypertension has been observed\nThe levels of the three thyroid hormone receptors isoforms do not differ significantly between spontaneous hypertensive rats ... | [] | [
"For the first time, our study showed associations between the THRA rs939348 polymorphism and systolic BP and the risk of hypertension but not with CHD, although we admit that the statistical power available to study any relationship with CHD was very limited.",
"The results of Western blot analyses showed that t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11172625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22068246",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15611830",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8070428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15701601",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21654857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THBA_XENLA",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013963",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10763",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006973",
"http://www.uniprot.... |
5148b466d24251bc05000037 | summary | What is the mechanism of action of abiraterone? | [
"Abiraterone acts by inhibiting cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), a critical step in androgen biosynthesis, thus leading to inhibition of androgen biosynthesis."
] | [] | [
"The recognition of sustained androgen dependence of CRPC has led to the identification of more potent and selective inhibitors of androgen synthesis and androgen-receptor signaling, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, respectively.",
"This review summarizes the rationale, mechanism of action and relevant clini... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21860772",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9876107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23199349",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22291466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22672122",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23344012"
] | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4266316",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D045504"
] |
5162e44f298dcd4e5100004a | list | The protein neprilysin has an positive effect on Alzheimer disease, how can it be delivered to the brain? | [
"The protein neprilysin can be deliverered to the brain (crossing the blood brain barrier) through: gene tranfer, transgenesis, gene induction, ex-vivo gene therapy, intracardiac (peripheral) administration of viral neprilysin construct, syringe-focused ultrasound device, convection-enhanced delivery and the use of... | [
"Gene transfer with viral vectors",
"Gene transfer with non-viral vectors",
"Transgenesis",
"Gene Induction",
"Fusion of the Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-binding domain to a targeted protein",
"ex vivo gene therapy",
"Intracardiac (peripheral) administration of viral ne... | [
"he novel, syringe-focused US device was used to introduce purified plasmid DNA encoding human neprilysin (hNEP) into mouse hindlimb skeletal muscle concurrent with US protocol",
"This technique provides a safe and efficient non-viral method for in vivo gene delivery with potential applications in both basic rese... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23378928",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22751177",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20817034",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17760499",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22114052",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304989",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/NEP_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016503",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018014",
"http://www.uniprot.o... |
56c58f1b5795f9a73e000001 | factoid | Which species of bacteria did the mitochondria originate from? | [
"Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium. Although the Alphaproteobacteria are thought to be the closest relatives of the mitochondrial progenitor, there is dispute as to what its particular sister group is. Accumulating evolutionary data point to a monophyletic origin of mit... | [
"Biologists agree that the ancestor of mitochondria was an alpha-proteobacterium."
] | [
"Recently, α-proteobacteria have been shown to possess virus-like gene transfer agents that facilitate high frequency gene transfer in natural environments between distantly related lineages. This system could have driven the genomic integration of the mitochondrial progenitor and its proto-eukaryote host and contr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17251118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9823893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21217797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16381962",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11508688",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21300273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005739",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001419",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008928"
] |
56f7fe3709dd18d46b000015 | factoid | Which disease is linked to mutations within BRAG1? | [
"Mutations in BRAG1 have been identified in families with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID)."
] | [
"X-linked intellectual disability"
] | [
"Mutations in BRAG1 have been identified in families with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID)"
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22915114"
] | [] | [] |
54db62a3034aea571d000001 | factoid | Which is the main calcium pump of the sarcoplasmic reticulum? | [
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for calcium homeostasis. SERCA is a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores."
] | [
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase",
"SERCA",
"serca2"
] | [
"sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium pump (SERCA)",
"the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA)",
"SERCA, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium pump, is solely responsible for transporting cytosolic calcium into the ER lumen.",
"Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) is the pump crucial for c... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25531267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24807223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24170972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482463",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24164241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21674635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_DROPS",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_DROME",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC1_ANOGA",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005388",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATC_ARTSF",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATCL_BACSU"
] |
5344155faeec6fbd07000005 | factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Hunter disease or mucopolysaccharidosis II? | [
"X- linked recessive"
] | [
"X- linked recessive"
] | [
"ysosomal diseases (LD) are inherited as autosomal recessive traits, but two important conditions have X-linked inheritance: Fabry disease and Mucopolysaccharidosis II (MPS II).",
"unter disease, Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, is an X-linked recessive lysosomal storage disorder",
"unter syndrome is an X-linked ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3100113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2112988",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/409284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7904121",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7492964",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6418001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12799",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016532",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... |
53442472aeec6fbd07000008 | summary | Do ephrins play a role in brain cancer? | [
"Eph receptors and ephrin ligands are involved in the development of the central nervous system. Their expression is often reported to be up-regulated in brain tumours and they may be considered molecular markers for the diagnosis of invasive and metastatic tumours. However, there are also reports describing the do... | [] | [
"migrating glioblastoma cells overexpress EphB2 in vitro and in vivo; glioma migration and invasion are promoted by activation of EphB2 or inhibited by blocking EphB2. Dysregulation of EphB2 expression or function may underlie glioma invasion",
"gene expression of Eph receptors and ephrins in benign human tissues... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18794797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23686814",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18366728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15126357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15473927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D036342",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1319",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001932",
"http://a... |
553ca8d8f32186855800000d | factoid | What is the effect of the absence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rrm3p? | [
"The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RRM3 gene encodes a 5' to 3' DNA helicase. While replication of most of the yeast genome was not dependent upon Rrm3p, in its absence, replication forks paused and often broke at an estimated 1400 discrete sites, including tRNA genes, centromeres, inactive replication origins, and tran... | [
"Lack of the yeast Rrm3p DNA helicase causes replication defects at multiple sites within ribosomal DNA (rDNA), including at the replication fork barrier (RFB)."
] | [
"Twice as many pause sites were identified in rrm3 compared with wild-type cells, as pausing in this strain occurred at both highly transcribed RNA polymerase II genes and the previously identified protein DNA complexes. ORFs of highly transcribed RNA polymerase II genes are a class of natural pause sites that are ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18725402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12050116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14690605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21087929",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16418273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19560424",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012441"
] |
5547d72ef35db75526000008 | yesno | Do all archaea possess multiple origins of DNA replication? | [
"Origins of DNA replication differ in number and structure across the three domains of life and their properties determine the dynamics of chromosome replication. Though most archaea replicate their chromosomes using multiple origins, there are also certain archaea that possess a single origin of DNA replication (s... | [
"no"
] | [
"Origins differ in number and structure across the three domains of life and their properties determine the dynamics of chromosome replication. Bacteria and some archaea replicate from single origins, whereas most archaea and all eukaryotes replicate using multiple origins.",
"Replication starts at a single Ori s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25309521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24822028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24185008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14718164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21364800",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15337158",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006260",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004261",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018741",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... |
532f1452d6d3ac6a34000030 | factoid | What is the ubiquitin proteome? | [
"The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites."
] | [
"The ubiquitin proteome is the entire set ubiquitinated proteins and of their respective ubiquitination sites."
] | [
"Mass spectrometry now allows high throughput approaches for the identification of the thousands of ubiquitinated proteins and of their ubiquitination sites.",
"we used Tandem repeated Ubiquitin Binding Entities (TUBEs) under non-denaturing conditions followed by mass spectrometry analysis to study global ubiquit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23743150",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23764619"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020543",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014452",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040901",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
570a922dcf1c325851000028 | list | Which major signaling pathways are regulated by RIP1? | [
"necroptosis\napoptosis \npro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation"
] | [
"necroptosis",
"apoptosis",
"pro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation"
] | [
"Major signaling pathways regulated by RIP1 include necroptosis, apoptosis, and pro-survival/inflammation NF-κB activation. ",
"receptor-interacting protein-1 (RIP1)-mediated necroptosis",
"TNF-induced apoptotic signaling pathways were assessed by monitoring levels of the anti-apoptotic protein, A20, and cleava... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25767797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24460252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25391899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23674612",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
5547ec32f35db7552600000a | factoid | What is the effect induced by sympathetic nervous system on pupil size? | [
"Pupil size is determined by the interaction of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system acts either directly on the dilator muscle (peripherally) or centrally by inhibiting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system mediates pupillary dilatation... | [
"pupillary dilatation (increase of the pupil size)"
] | [
"Pupil size is determined by the interaction of the parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system.",
"The sympathetic nervous system acts either directly on the dilator muscle (peripherally) or centrally by inhibiting the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.",
"The mechanism of reflex pupillary dilation was investiga... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9247742",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697953",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3423165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6881176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21601076",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14639139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009420",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018373",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013564",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
55088e412e93f0133a000001 | yesno | Is p100 the precursor protein molecule of the NF-kappaB transcription factor subunit p50? | [
"No, the precursor molecule for NF-kappaB p50 is p105 and not p100. Nfkb2 encodes two members of the NF-kappa B/Rel family of proteins: p52 and p100. The p100 polypeptide has been proposed to serve as a precursor of p52 (and not of p50), which corresponds to the N-terminal half of p100. NF-kappaB functions as a het... | [
"no"
] | [
"We previously reported that alymphoplasia (aly/aly) mice, which have a natural loss-of-function mutation in the Nik gene, which encodes a kinase essential for the processing of p100 to p52 in the alternative nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, show mild osteopetrosis with an increase in several parameters of bone f... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12505990",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15677466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12894228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16223731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17693123",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
55074fa8bde8548216000003 | summary | What is the definition and the biological role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) | [
"Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process in which epithelial cells acquire the characteristics of invasive mesenchymal cells. EMT has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis as well as the formation of many tissues and organs during development. Epithelial cells undergoing EMT lose... | [] | [
"Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process known to contribute to metastasis in cancer and it is mainly characterized by loss of E-cadherin expression.",
"The TGF-β signaling pathway has an established role in promoting EMT by down-regulating E-cadherin via a number of transcription factors, such as... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22844540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20819124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24278531",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17922020",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001200",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23073116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060317",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0001837",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060231"
] |
5149b575d24251bc05000047 | yesno | Is there a difference in the rate between gene fusion and gene fission? | [
"Yes. Several studies have estimated that gene fusion and fission are relatively rare events and the gene fusion/fission rate is approximately between 2 and 6. A conflicting case has been discovered in an analysis of plant genomes, where in Oryza sativa the opposite trend was observed."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"we illustrate arrangement diversity within closely related organisms, estimate arrangement turnover frequency and establish, for the first time, branch-specific rate estimates for fusion, fission, domain addition and terminal loss.",
"Rate and polarity of gene fusion and fission in Oryza sativa and Arabidopsis t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16601004",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21729286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166515",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22250127",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16431849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17035354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050939"
] |
5173eb428ed59a060a000021 | list | What type of cancers and inherited diseases have been associated to mutations in the Notch pathway? | [
"So far, mutations in Notch and other components of its signaling pathway have been implicated in an array of human diseases (T-cell leukemia and other cancers, Multiple Sclerosis, CADASIL, Alagille Syndrome, Spondylocostal Dysostosis), but more pathologies are likely to be associated with Notch in the future d... | [
"Alagille syndrome",
"spondylocostal dysostosis",
"CADASIL (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy)",
"T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia"
] | [
"Comparative functional genomic analysis identified a signature of Notch activation in 30% of HCC samples from patients.",
"Here, we performed whole transcriptome sequencing on a discovery cohort of 18 primary tissue MCL samples and 2 cell lines. We found recurrent mutations in NOTCH1, a finding that we confirmed... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974708",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17584081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22488849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21562564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20823234",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
54d762653706e89528000014 | yesno | Can cognitive behavioral therapy improve fatigue in cancer patients? | [
"Yes, it has been documented that cognitive behavioral therapy reduces fatigue symptom severity in cancer patients. In addition, cognitive behavioral therapy has been also shown to improve mood and overall quality of life, and it can be successfully delivered through a variety of treatment modalities in patients w... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Physical activity, educational interventions, and cognitive-behavioral therapy have the most supportive data and can be recommended to patients with confidence. ",
"For women undergoing radiotherapy (3 RCTs), hypnosis combined with cognitive-behavioral therapy improved distress and fatigue.",
"Patients in the ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20890148",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21538678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25233905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25299140",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20651011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
550ae16bc2af5d5b70000009 | yesno | Is protein Fbw7 a SCF type of E3 ubiquitin ligase? | [
"Fbxw7 (also known as Fbw7, SEL-10, hCdc4, or hAgo) is the F-box protein subunit of an Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF)-type ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in the degradation of Notch family members.The F-box protein Fbw7 (also known as Fbxw7, hCdc4 and Sel-10) functions as a substrate recognition ... | [
"yes"
] | [
"FBW7 (F-box and WD repeat domain-containing 7) is the substrate recognition component of an evolutionary conserved SCF (complex of SKP1, CUL1 and F-box protein)-type ubiquitin ligase.",
"However, very few E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to target G-CSFR for ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Here we identified F-box a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22665065",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23776410",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23507969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20826802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20935640",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21282377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044843",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SKP1_ASPFN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044767"
] |
5361677c7d100faa09000008 | yesno | Is there increased incidence of incontinence in athletes? | [
"There is a very high prevalence of urinary incontinence in women athletes."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Urinary incontinence affects women of all ages, including top female athletes, but is often under-reported. The highest prevalence of urinary incontinence is reported in those participating in high impact sports.",
"The prevalence of female stress urinary incontinence is high, and young adults are also affected,... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19415493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15385857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16953954",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17390923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20390664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056352",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014549",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014550"
] |
52c7275103868f1b0600001c | factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Apert syndrome? | [
"The Apert syndrome is a disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance."
] | [
"Autosomal dominant"
] | [
"The Apert syndrome is a rare disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance caused by mutations in the FGFR2 gene at locus 10q26; patients with this syndrome present severe syndactyly, exophthalmia, ocular hypertelorism and hypoplastic midface with Class III malocclusion, besides systemic alterations.",
"The Apert s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19089249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11057397",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8830082",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16354263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16440883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2061407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0121961",
"o": "D000168"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0001193",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resourc... | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12960",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000168",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://... |
5139b31dbee46bd34c000004 | factoid | Which is the most widely used model for the study of multiple sclerosis (MS)? | [
"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a classical, conventional and widely recognized animal model for studying multiple sclerosis (MS). EAE is the best available model for the inflammatory processes that occur in MS, and for the disease process. A less commonly used model is that of Theiler's murine ... | [
"Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)"
] | [
"experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis",
"Many aspects of MS can be mimicked in the animal model of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE)",
"the chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of M... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15898103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21029240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11391780",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23161666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15039233",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20829083",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009103",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2377",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2376"
] |
52f21b722059c6d71c00000b | factoid | What is the usual HER-2 status in breast cancer associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome? | [
"In up to two thirds of breast cancer patients associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome, the HER-2 status was found to be positive."
] | [
"Positive"
] | [
"Breast cancer is the most frequent tumor in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a rare inherited cancer syndrome associated with germline mutations in the TP53 gene. Recent data show that breast cancer in germline TP53 mutation carriers is commonly HER2+ (63-83 %).",
"Breast cancers in TP53 mutation carriers recently ha... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21761402",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20805372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392042"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1612",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0060079",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001943",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050671",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api... |
518cb6ab310faafe08000009 | list | What is the treatment of triiodothyronine toxicosis? | [
"Treatment of T3 toxicosis is a complex medical problem because not well responsive to the various options. Usual treatment includes antithyroid drugs such as propyltiouracil, radioactive iodine or beta blockers like propanol; surgery may be also necessary in some cases."
] | [
"Propyltiouracil",
"Radioiodine",
"beta blockers",
"thyroidectomy"
] | [
"Three patients met the criteria for free T3 toxicosis and three had subclinical hyperthyroidism. All six patients had either multinodular glands or a single nodule on thyroid exam. Four patients were treated with radioactive iodine or surgery, resulting in reversal of the TSH suppression in three cases.",
"6 mon... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16889493",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7296908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/578375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042328"
] | [] | [] |
56a8adb0a17756b72f000003 | yesno | Are there enhancer RNAs (eRNAs)? | [
"Yes. Active enhancers are transcribed, producing a class of noncoding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). eRNAs are distinct from long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), but these two species of noncoding RNAs may share a similar role in the activation of mRNA transcription."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"active enhancers are transcribed, producing a class of noncoding RNAs called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). eRNAs are distinct from long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), but these two species of noncoding RNAs may share a similar role in the activation of mRNA transcription",
" eRNAs may then facilitate enhancer-promoter inter... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23877407",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25810254",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24525859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24135681",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004742",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0035326"
] |
51bdb644047fa84d1d000001 | list | Which are the known human transmembrane nucleoporins? | [
"Transmembrane nucleoporins (NUPs) are integral membrane components of the eukaryotic nuclear pore, playing an important role in the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) assembly. Even though the NPC is a conserved feature of all eukaryotes, different lineages possess some distinct transmembrane NUP subunits. Currently, four... | [
"NDC1",
"TMEM48",
"NET3",
"hNDC1",
"POM121",
"Nup121",
"GP210",
"Nuclear pore membrane glycoprotein 210",
"Nuclear envelope pore membrane protein POM 210",
"POM210",
"Nup210",
"TMEM33",
"DB83"
] | [
"We investigated the interplay between import receptors and the transmembrane nucleoporin Pom121",
"the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121 is critical for the incorporation of the Nup107/160 complex into new assembly sites specifically during interphase.",
"The transmembrane nucleoporin NDC1",
"NDC1 is a transm... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1281815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20624389",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21444689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12093788",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7561689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16779818",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1721698",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12993781"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1299... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P121A_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D021381",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0016021",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PO210_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=... |
55192892622b194345000012 | factoid | Which E3 ubiquitin ligase mediates the ubiquitination and degradation of the interferon receptor type 1 (IFNAR1)? | [
"Ubiquitination and degradation of the IFNAR1 (interferon alpha receptor 1) subunit of the type I interferon (IFN) receptor is mediated by the SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.",
"Ubiquitination, endocytos... | [
"βTrcp",
"beta-Trcp",
"SCFbeta-Trcp",
"SCFbeta-Trcp (Skp1-Cullin1-F-box protein beta transducin repeat-containing protein)",
"Skp1-Cullin1-HOS-Roc1 (SCF(HOS))"
] | [
"IFNAR1 ubiquitination is facilitated by the βTrcp E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to IFNAR1 upon its degron phosphorylation, which is induced by the ligand.",
"Both ligand-dependent and -independent pathways converge on phosphorylation of Ser(535) within the IFNAR1 degron leading to recruitment of beta-Trc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16551269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17873516",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21173164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14532120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15337770",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D044767"
] |
56b8a222156496395c000001 | yesno | Are conserved noncoding elements associated with the evolution of animal body plans? | [
"Yes. Cis-regulatory inputs identified by CNEs arose during the \"re-wiring\" of regulatory interactions that occurred during early animal evolution. Consequently, different animal groups, with different core GRNs, contain alternative sets of CNEs. Due to the subsequent stability of animal body plans, these core re... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Here, we discuss the evidence that CNEs are part of the core gene regulatory networks (GRNs) that specify alternative animal body plans. The major animal groups arose>550 million years ago. We propose that the cis-regulatory inputs identified by CNEs arose during the \"re-wiring\" of regulatory interactions that o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19492354"
] | [] | [] |
534ab91eaeec6fbd07000012 | list | Which genes were found to be methylated in bladder cancer cells? | [
"In bladder cancer, hepaCAM (hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule), RARβ(2), APC, TPEF (transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and follistatin domain), RASSF1A, p14(ARF) and p16 genes were found to be methylated. These methylation events were demostrated to associate with downregulation of gene expre... | [
"hepaCAM (hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule)",
"RARβ(2)",
"APC",
"TPEF (transmembrane protein containing epidermal growth factor and follistatin domain)",
"RASSF1A",
"p14(ARF)",
"p16"
] | [
"CpG island in promoter of hepaCAM gene was hyper-methylated both in bladder carcinoma tissues and cell lines (T24 and BIU-87). Otherwise, aberrant methylation of its promoter was associated with its decreased expression.",
"Abnormal hypermethylation in CpG island of hepaCAM promoter is involved in absence of hep... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15041703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9515812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16207479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24324362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21680534"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001749",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032259",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field... |
56ae69fb0a360a5e4500000d | yesno | Are DNA methylation maps applicable to the diagnosis of non-small-cell lung carcinomas? | [
"Yes.",
"yes"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Here we present a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of NSCLC samples and paired lung tissues, where we combine MethylCap and next generation sequencing (MethylCap-seq) to provide comprehensive DNA methylation maps of the tumor and paired lung samples.",
"Analysis of the MethylCap-seq data revealed a strong po... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22726460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23524404"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002289",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003933",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008745",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
56cdf4875795f9a73e000040 | factoid | Which domain of TIA-1 is necessary for stress granule assembly? | [
"TIA-1 is an RNA binding protein that promotes the assembly of stress granules (SGs), discrete cytoplasmic inclusions into which stalled translation initiation complexes are dynamically recruited in cells subjected to environmental stress. The RNA recognition motifs of TIA-1 are linked to a glutamine-rich prion-rel... | [
"The glutamine-rich prion-related domain (PRD)"
] | [
"Tia1/Pub1 is a stress granule component carrying a Q/N-rich prion domain",
"Codependent functions of RSK2 and the apoptosis-promoting factor TIA-1 in stress granule assembly and cell survival",
"We report an unanticipated link between stress granules and the serine/threonine kinase RSK2. In stressed breast cel... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24981173",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18775331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15371533"
] | [] | [] |
550aef0ec2af5d5b7000000a | yesno | Is the protein product of the cylindromatosis gene (CYLD) a deubiquitinating enzyme? | [
"CYLD is a tumour-suppressor gene that is mutated in a benign skin tumour syndrome called cylindromatosis. The CYLD gene product is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was shown to regulate cell proliferation, cell survival and inflammatory responses, mainly through inhibiting NF-kappaB signalling. ",
"The cylindroma... | [
"yes"
] | [
"CYLD was originally identified as a tumor suppressor gene mutated in familial cylindromatosis, an autosomal dominant predisposition to multiple benign neoplasms of the skin known as cylindromas. The CYLD protein is a deubiquitinating enzyme that acts as a negative regulator of NF-κB and JNK signaling through its i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21283724",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19412431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20836156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16900776",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497946",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21931165",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALTI",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0004843",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALCH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CYLD_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALPA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SSEL_SALPB",
"ht... |
532dcfc9d6d3ac6a34000021 | factoid | What is the characteristic domain of histone methyltransferases? | [
"SET (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zest and trithorax) domain"
] | [
"SET domain"
] | [
"C-terminal SET domain that catalyzes methylation of histone H3",
"not all members of the H3K4 methyltransferase family contain n-SET domains",
"protein methyltransferases (both protein arginine and lysine methyltransferases) and the relatedness of their catalytic domains. We identified 51 protein lysine methyl... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20084102",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16292313",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17355966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18693240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17259630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15939934",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011495",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0042054",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011484"
] |
56af5abb0a360a5e45000012 | summary | What is smFISH? | [
"smFISH (Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization) allows for quantitative imaging of single RNA molecules. Multi-color, single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) is particularly useful since it enables analysis of several different transcripts simultaneously. Combining smFISH with immun... | [] | [
"Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization: quantitative imaging of single RNA molecules.",
"In situ hybridization-based analysis methods complement these studies by providing information about how expression levels change between cells within normal and diseased tissues, and they provide information abo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26098021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23433107"
] | [] | [] |
51740da48ed59a060a000024 | list | Which are the bioinformatics tools for gene structure prediction?
| [
"The in silico prediction of the complete structure of genes is one of the main challenges of bioinformatics. A critical part in the gene structure prediction is to identify the boundaries between exons and introns (i.e. splice sites) in the coding region. Several advanced bioinformatics tools have been developed f... | [
"WPSS",
"SCGPred",
"TICO",
"GLIMMER",
"MetWAMer",
"WebScipio",
"GeneSeqer",
"SplicePredictor",
"DGSplicer",
"TAP",
"GeneBuilder",
"SeqHelp",
"FGENE",
"FGENEH",
"HSPL",
"RNASPL",
"HEXON",
"CDSB",
"HBR"
] | [
"The prediction of the complete structure of genes is one of the very important tasks of bioinformatics, especially in eukaryotes. A crucial part in the gene structure prediction is to determine the splice sites in the coding region. Identification of splice sites depends on the precise recognition of the boundarie... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16306388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772025",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19329068",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21056007",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15608279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7584460",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012984",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] |
5543829fed966d112c000009 | factoid | Which is the major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)? | [
"The major phytoalexin in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is the isoflavonoid (-)-medicarpin (or 6aR, 11aR)-medicarpin. Medicarpin is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism."
] | [
"medicarpin"
] | [
"Medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa, is synthesized via the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.",
"Medicarpin, the major phytoalexin in alfalfa, is synthesized by way of the isoflavonoid branch of phenylpropanoid metabolism.",
"The major phytoalexin in alfalfa is the isoflavonoid (-)-me... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1912490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667295",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9484461",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7625843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16667691",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4252976",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0052315",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000455"
] |
517151f28ed59a060a000008 | summary | What is the correlation between SPARC expression and growth inhibition in human cancer? | [
"Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) is a multi-faceted protein-modulating cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. SPARC seems to act as a tumour suppressor, as it has been found that loss of SPARC accelerates the development of certain types of cancer, whereas its expression impairs tumor growth. ... | [] | [
"Using a chemical carcinogenesis model in Sparc-deficient mice and their wild-type littermates, we found that loss of SPARC accelerated the development of urothelial preneoplasia (atypia and dysplasia), neoplasia, and metastasis and was associated with decreased survival.",
"Our studies showed that inhibition of ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21799470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20087345",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16424866",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830689",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23321672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22863973",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0045926",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SPRC_HUMAN"
] |
56f564f909dd18d46b000009 | factoid | Which syndrome is associated with mutations in the LYST gene? | [
"Mutations in LYST, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by infantile-onset hemophagocytic syndrome and immunodeficiency, and oculocutaneous albinism. A small number of reports of rare, attenuated form... | [
"Chediak-Higashi syndrome"
] | [
"Mutations in LYST, a gene encoding a putative lysosomal trafficking protein, cause Chédiak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), an autosomal recessive disorder typically characterized by infantile-onset hemophagocytic syndrome and immunodeficiency, and oculocutaneous albinism. A small number of reports of rare, attenuated form... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9070932",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551669",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8717042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24112114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21488161",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18043242",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225"
] |
531d34be267d7dd053000004 | yesno | Has the presence of delayed enhancement been documented in athletes performing strenuous exercise? | [
"There are contrasting literature data on the presence of delayed enhancement, as a sign of myocardial fibrosis, in healthy athletes. More studies are necessary to define the presence, incidence and severity, as well clinical and prognostic meaning, of delayed enhancement magnetic resonance in healthy athletes."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Atypical findings such as marked cardiac dilation, reduced deformation, or small patches of delayed gadolinium enhancement may be commonly encountered in well-trained athletes, but, at present, the prognostic significance of such findings is unknown. ",
"On CMR, DGE localized to the interventricular septum was i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22160404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19427448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22798307",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8902021",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24029371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24326931",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054874",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013177",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
516d4770298dcd4e51000076 | summary | How does dronedarone affect thyroid hormone signaling in the heart? | [
"Dronedarone via its metabolite debutyldronedarone acts as a TRalpha(1)-selective inhibitor and selectively mimicks hypothyroidism.\nDronedarone decreases TRalpha 1 and beta 1 expression by about 50% in the right atrium (RA) while in the left ventricle, only TRbeta1 is found to be decreased."
] | [] | [
"Administration of debutyl-dronedarone (DBD), a TRα1 antagonist abolished the T3-limiting effect on reperfusion injury:",
"Dron affected TR expression in the RA similarly by decreasing TRalpha 1 and beta 1 expression by about 50%.",
"In the LVW, AM and Dron decreased TRbeta 1",
"Hypothyroid heart displays a p... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21442236",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12063079",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15687816",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17535870",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12538616"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_LITCT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THB_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_APTPA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THB_SHEEP",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_PYGAD",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/THA_CHIC... |
51766e438ed59a060a000031 | list | Name the factors required for selenoprotein synthesis in eukaryotes | [
"eFSec, SBP2, SECp43, PSTK, Sec synthase (Sec S, SLA/LP), SPS2 (SelD), tRNASec, SECIS element, (L30), SPS1"
] | [
"eFSec",
"SBP2",
"SECp43",
"PSTK",
"Sec synthase",
"Sec S",
"SLA/LP",
"SPS2",
"SelD",
"tRNASec",
"SECIS element",
"(L30)",
"SPS1"
] | [
"The process requires the Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element, tRNASec, and protein factors including the SECIS binding protein 2 (SBP2)",
"Taken together, these data establish the role of SECp43 and SLA in selenoprotein biosynthesis through interaction with tRNA([Ser]Sec) in a multiprotein complex.",
"Selen... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10809727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15208449",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8898393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8614619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20417644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [] |
570a8dcfcf1c325851000027 | summary | What are the functions of the ESCRT machinery? | [
"The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) are needed for three distinct cellular functions in higher eukaryotes: (i) Multivesicular body formation for the degradation of transmembrane proteins in lysosomes, (ii) midbody abscission during cytokinesis and (iii) retroviral budding."
] | [] | [
"The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRTs) collectively comprise a machinery that was first known for its function in the degradation of transmembrane proteins in the endocytic pathway of eukaryotic cells. Since their discovery, however, ESCRTs have been recognized as playing important roles a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25637630",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25624505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24148098",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26339479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25099357",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24482116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
552435602c8b63434a000009 | list | Which genes/proteins have been found to inhibit cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)? | [
"The p15(ink4b) and p16(ink4a) CDK4 inhibitor genes map within the chromosome band 9p21 region deleted frequently in various cancers.The Cdk4 inhibitor p18(Ink4c) is a tumor suppressor. Recent studies of Cyclin D1/Cdk4 have proposed that p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1) plays a key role as a potent Cdk4 inhibitor. p27KIP1 is al... | [
"p16",
"p16INK4",
"p16INK4a",
"MTS1",
"CDKN2",
"p15",
"p15INK4B",
"p18(Ink4c)",
"p21(Waf1/Cip1/Sdi1)",
"p27KIP1"
] | [
"Interestingly, the Cdk inhibitor p18(Ink4c) was induced in the transgenic pineal glands independently of p53, and transgenic mice that lacked Ink4c developed invasive PNET, although at an older age than those lacking p53.",
"Our finding that the Cdk4 inhibitor p18(Ink4c) is a tumor suppressor in cyclin D1-driven... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7630635",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9031081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9042862",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10454538",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881001",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7630199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CDK4_BOVIN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045736",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D050756",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051358"
] |
51602609298dcd4e5100003a | summary | What is the role of TRH in hypertension? | [
"TRH gene overexpression induces hypertension in normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats have central TRH hyperactivity with increased TRH synthesis and release and an elevated TRH receptor number. TRH antisense treatment reduces hypertension.\ncentral TRH participates in the hypertension induced by body we... | [] | [
"We recently showed that diencephalic TRH may mediate the central leptin-induced pressor effect",
"that central TRH participates in the hypertension induced by body weight gain probably through its well-known action on sympathetic activity.",
"Five polymorphisms in five genes, CAST(calpastatin), LIPC (hepatic l... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11230301",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7554113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11882596",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3035513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1595355",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17227965",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001795",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001794",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRFR_SHEEP",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRFR_CHICK",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi... |
52b2f09f4003448f55000008 | yesno | Is triadin involved in cardiac function? | [
"Yes, triadin is involved in the regulation of cardiac excitation-contraction coupling."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Junctin (JCN), a 26-kd sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) transmembrane protein, forms a quaternary protein complex with the ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin, and triadin in the SR lumen of cardiac muscle. Within this complex, calsequestrin, triadin, and JCN appear to be critical for normal regulation of ryanodine recep... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18206802",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17890426",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15191886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15023559"
] | [
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/isolatedFrom",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q28820",
"o": "http://purl.uniprot.org/tissues/440"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/tissues/440",
"o": "Cardiac muscle"
},
{
"p": "http:... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRDN_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRDN_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060048",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TRDN_CANFA"
] |
54f21b69c409818c32000007 | list | Which disorders are associated to mutated Hepcidin (HAMP)? | [
"Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is the most severe form of heriditary hemochromatosis, usually caused by mutations in hemojuvelin (HJV) or hepcidin (HAMP)."
] | [
"juvenile hemochromatosis"
] | [
"juvenile hemochromatosis due to hemojuvelin and hepcidin mutation",
" Mutations in all of the currently known genes implicated in non-HFE HH (hemojuvelin, hepcidin, transferrin receptor 2, and ferroportin) have been reported in patients from the Asia-Pacific region.",
" In conclusion, HAMP and hemojuvelin muta... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21916273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20837779",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23577916",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24321703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21862411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HEPC_ONCMY",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D064451"
] |
550618f58e1671127b000007 | factoid | Which protein is the main inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1)? | [
"Inhibitor 1 (I-1) is a protein inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), a major eukaryotic Ser/Thr phosphatase. Nonphosphorylated I-1 is inactive, whereas phosphorylated I-1 is a potent PP1 inhibitor. ",
"Protein Phosphatase-1 is restrained by its endogenous inhibitor, protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 (PPI-1).... | [
"protein phosphatase inhibitor 1",
"inhibitor 1",
"PPI-1",
"I1"
] | [
"The type 1 protein phosphatase (PP1) is a critical negative regulator of Ca(2+) cycling and contractility in the cardiomyocyte. In particular, it mediates restoration of cardiac function to basal levels, after beta-adrenergic stimulation, by dephosphorylating key phospho-proteins. PP1 is a holoenzyme comprised of ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15345721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17388107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18192322",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9033809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21447388",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/PP1_BRAOL"
] |
56ccccf55795f9a73e000037 | summary | What is the role of NETs in systemic lupus erythematosus? | [
"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are released via a novel form of cell death called NETosis. NETs, consisting of a chromatin meshwork decorated with antimicrobial peptides, play an important role in the innate response to microbial infections. Clearance of NETs is impaired in a subset of patients with systemi... | [] | [
"Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) represent an important defense mechanism against microorganisms. Clearance of NETs is impaired in a subset of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, and NETosis is increased in neutrophils and, particularly, in low-density granulocytes derived from lupus patients. NETs ar... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24570026",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23945056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23248629",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21613614",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25500436",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0081309",
"o": "D008180"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12999583",
"o": "D008180"
}
] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9074",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008180"
] |
56cdf5195795f9a73e000045 | factoid | Which protein is required for Argonaute 2 recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies? | [
"Hsp90 regulates the function of argonaute 2 and its recruitment to stress granules and P-bodies."
] | [
"Hsp90"
] | [
"we examined whether another Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol (RA) affected P-bodies and stress granules. Treatment with RA reduced the level of the Hsp90 client protein Argonaute 2 and the number of P-bodies. Although stress granules still assembled in RA-treated cells upon heat shock, they were smaller and more disperse... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21439943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19458189"
] | [] | [] |
51487821d24251bc0500002f | yesno | Is Mammaprint approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration? | [
"Yes, Mammaprint has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"an FDA-cleared 70-gene signature of MammaPrint panel ",
"on MammaPrint, the first and only assay for breast cancer management that has been cleared by the FDA.",
"The MammaPrint assay has the advantages of a 510(k) clearance by the US Food and Drug Administration, a larger gene number which may enhance further... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19506735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18515733",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18786252",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19546609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21479927",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19879448",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C2827401",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A17680439"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_4434464B593900... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017322",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017321",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017327",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
552446612c8b63434a00000c | summary | What is known as Von Hippel–Lindau disease or syndrome? | [
"von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is a rare, autosomal dominantly inherited multisystem disorder characterized by development of a variety of benign and malignant tumors, which are usually accompanied with cysts. The spectrum of clinical manifestations of the disease is broad and includes retinal and central nervous... | [] | [
"Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited phacomatosis with a predisposition for the central nervous system and retina. There is variable expression with hemangioblastomas in the brain, medulla oblongata, spinal chord, renal carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic cysts and islet cell tumors as... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24138046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22659535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23384228",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23968328",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051794",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VHLL_HUMAN",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14175",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/VHL_MOUSE"
] |
5509ec41c2af5d5b70000006 | yesno | Is HER2 active only when it dimerizes? | [
"Yes, HER2 activation is driven by the formation of various dimer complexes between members of this receptor family."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"HER activation is driven by the formation of various dimer complexes between members of this receptor family.",
"rtuzumab is the first humanized monoclonal antibody in a new class of drugs, the HER dimerization inhibitors, approved by the Food and Drug",
"Pertuzumab is a novel anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, wh... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21908901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23783223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22983903",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21630056",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22782294",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990774",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055503",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0038134",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0038135",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... |
51487dead24251bc05000030 | factoid | Which pharmacogenetic test is available for abacavir? | [
"The pharmacogenetic test recommended prior to abacavir administration is the HLA B*5701 genotyping."
] | [
"HLA B*5701 genotyping"
] | [
"Pharmacogenomic tests offer a promising strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of drug treatment. Compelling examples, such as HLA-B*5701 testing to identify patients at risk for abacavir-associated hypersensitivity, are already changing clinical care",
"International HIV treatment guidelines recommend HLA-... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16609367",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19351209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20070406",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15247625",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/intervention/61980",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/drugbank/resource/drugs/DB01048"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s": "http://data.linkedct.org/resource/int... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D025202",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005820",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057069",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
53636e727d100faa0900000d | yesno | Are microRNA (miR) regulated through DNA methylation of their promoters? | [
"Dysregulation of miRNA expression involved in cancer and Alzheimer's disease can be triggered by multiple mechanisms including aberrant DNA methylation of the miRNA gene promoter. Epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNA genes by promoter DNA methylation has been implicated in human cancers, including mu... | [
"yes"
] | [
"We found that Tcf3 down-regulation in the context of constitutively active Wnt signaling does not result from promoter DNA methylation but is likely to be caused by a plethora of mechanisms at both the RNA and protein level as shown by the observed decrease in activating histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3-acetylation) ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18677110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19807731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23229728",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23153241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24238656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23707524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012926",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006306",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field... |
513596225274a5fb0700000d | yesno | Are nucleosomes positioned at DNA replication origins? | [
"No, origins of replication occur in nucleosome-free regions in both budding yeast and Drosophila. Open chromatin domains, characterized by nucleosome depletion, are preferentially permissive for replication."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"yeast origins are characterized by an asymmetric pattern of positioned nucleosomes flanking the ACS. The origin sequences are sufficient to maintain a nucleosome-free origin; however, ORC is required for the precise positioning of nucleosomes flanking the origin.",
"Here, we identify nucleosome occupancy as a li... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148149",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19463783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20351051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1587867"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018741",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009707",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051738",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
52e203bc98d0239505000011 | list | Which are the most under-represented oligonucleotides in higher eukaryote genomes? | [
"The oligonucleotides containing the CG and TA dinucleotide are generally under-represented in higher eukaryote genomes",
"TpA is the most underepresented dinucleotide followed closely by CpG. For trinucleotides, GCA/TGC tends to be under-represented in phage, human viral, and eukaryotic sequences, and CTA/TAG is... | [
"TA",
"CG",
"(PuPy)n",
"GCA/TGC",
"CTA/TAG"
] | [
"Unusual frequencies of certain alternating purine-pyrimidine runs in natural DNA sequences",
"Octanucleotides are the most deficient, occurring at only 60% of the frequency expected in random sequences. An unexpectedly high proportion of these octamers consists of alternating tetramers with the repeat structure ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12943801",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7498525",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12112308",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9725240",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19536338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7504188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056890",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009841"
] |
54d901ec4b1fd0d33c000006 | yesno | Does nimotuzumab improve survival of glioblastoma patients? | [
"Yes. Nimotuzumab improves survival of adult and pediatric patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and with other high-grade gliomas."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The survival times were similar to those seen in historical data of standard therapy.",
"The survival time of a matched population treated at the same hospital with irradiation alone was decreased (median 8.0 and 12.2 mo for GBM and AA patients, respectively) compared with that of the patients who received nimot... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21575527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19293809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21483304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23575267",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24521695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23782513",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
515df86a298dcd4e5100002e | list | List co-morbidities that may occur together with "Stiff man Syndrome" | [
"SMS (Stiff man Syndrome) is is a rare disorder of the central nervous system of probable autoimmune origin and as such is associated with other autoimmune diseases, such as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus . GAD-65 is a dominant auto-antigen that is found both in in stiff-man syndrome and insulin-dependent diab... | [
"Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus",
"type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (IDDM)",
"Grave's disease",
"Breast Cancer",
"Dementia"
] | [
"To report an association between two autoimmune conditions, Graves' disease and stiff-person (stiff-man) syndrome, and discuss the relevant literature.",
"This case illustrates the association between TRAB-positive Graves' disease and stiff-person syndrome and the improvement of Graves' disease with immunosuppre... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2135382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7714921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12803695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8464926",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8381208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16006304",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016750",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:13366"
] |
553f5a20ab98a37113000006 | summary | Which mechanisms underlie adaptive mutagenesis (stationary-phase mutagenesis) in Bacillus subtilis? | [
"Increased transcription levels potentiate adaptive mutagenesis. Central to stationary-phase mutagenesis in B. subtilis is the requirement for Mfd protein (transcription repair coupling factor). The B. subtilis' ability to accumulate chromosomal mutations under conditions of starvation is influenced by cell differe... | [] | [
"under conditions of nutritional stress, the processing of deaminated bases in B. subtilis may normally occur in an error-prone manner to promote adaptive mutagenesis.",
"the B. subtilis' ability to accumulate chromosomal mutations under conditions of starvation is influenced by cell differentiation and transcrip... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20971907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20435731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22201950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16950921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24914186",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001412",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060274",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0060275"
] |
56be2570ef6e39474100000d | list | What personality traits can be evaluated with the Ten Item Personality Inventory. | [
"The Ten Item Personality Inventory measures each of the five major facets of personality: openness, extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism."
] | [
"openness",
"extroversion",
"conscientiousness",
"agreeableness",
"neuroticism"
] | [
"Analyses included correlations and a regression analysis between depressive symptoms and unmet expectations with the Five-Factor Model personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience) as measured by the Ten-Item Personality Inventory.",
"The questio... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956715",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19223800"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010552",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010555",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011795"
] |
5322d3cb9b2d7acc7e000010 | list | Which are the enzymes involved in the control of tubulin acetylation? | [
"Acetyltransferase MEC-17, and deacetylases SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2), HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6) and dTip60 are known to control the levels of tubulin acetylation."
] | [
"MEC-17",
"SIRT2 (Sirtuin 2)",
"HDAC6 (histone deacetylase 6)",
"dTip60"
] | [
"Inhibition of HDAC6 deacetylase activity increases its binding with microtubules and suppresses microtubule dynamic instability in MCF-7 cells",
"HDAC6, the tubulin deacetylase, plays a key role in maintaining typical distribution of acetylated microtubules in cells.",
"We found that whereas both pharmacologic... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798680",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21677656",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17574768",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23126280",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22046262",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007021",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0015631",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014404",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... |
5321b8a39b2d7acc7e000009 | yesno | Is there a relation between ANP and transcapillary albumin escape? | [
"A possible role of ANP gene in conferring protection from nephropathy and microvascular damage in type 1 diabetes is present.\nANP infusion in healthy subjects caused a shift of plasma water and electrolytes from the circulation, with albumin escape as a secondary phenomenon"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Thus, in a large ethnically homogeneous cohort of diabetic subjects, our data show: (1) a significant association of C708/T polymorphism with microalbuminuria in long-term diabetes and with both lower plasma ANP levels and widespread albumin leakage",
"hese results suggest a possible role of PND gene in conferri... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9815090",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1320716",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7579054",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2173580",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2148510",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12087555",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017461",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013668",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012709",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
515de748298dcd4e51000023 | list | List all approved indications for Glivec | [
"CML - blast crisis, in accelerated phase, and in chronic phase after interferon failure or intolerance. Glivec received orphan drug status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Office of Orphan Products Development on January 31, 2001, and accelerated approval from the FDA for the above three indicatio... | [
"Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)",
"Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)",
"Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)"
] | [
"The limited available experience suggests that imatinib could be considered as an individualized treatment approach in severe SSc and underscores the need to identify markers for selecting particular patients, who will safely respond to therapeutic inhibition of tyrosine kinases.",
"Dermatofibrosarcoma protubera... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16444286",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21073206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21464883",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12401900",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22929880",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15671523",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
54dfbed11388e8454a000008 | list | Which proteins induce inhibition of LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition? | [
"It was demonstrated that antiretroviral restriction factors, human APOBEC3 proteins A to H, differentially inhibit LINE-1 and Alu retrotransposition. The same effect was shown to be induced by the Aicardi-Goutières syndrome gene product SAMHD1."
] | [
"human APOBEC3 proteins A to H",
"Aicardi-Goutières syndrome gene product SAMHD1"
] | [
"APOBEC3G oligomerization is associated with the inhibition of both Alu and LINE-1 retrotransposition",
"We have previously demonstrated that antiretroviral restriction factors, human APOBEC3 (hA3) proteins (A-H), differentially inhibit L1 retrotransposition",
"In this present study, we found that hA3 members a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21878639",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21715505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24367644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845642",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20153011",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19776130",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
56d34fbcf22319765a000009 | yesno | Can chronological age be predicted by measuring telomere length? | [
"No, telomere length measurement by real-time quantitative PCR cannot be used to predict age of a person, due to the presence of large inter-individual variations in telomere lengths."
] | [
"no"
] | [
"Human somatic cells gradually lose telomeric repeats with age. This study investigated if one could use a correlation between telomere length and age, to predict the age of an individual from their DNA.",
"Therefore, telomere length measurement by real-time quantitative PCR cannot be used to predict age of a per... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23167566",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18378481"
] | [] | [] |
53147b52e3eabad021000015 | factoid | What is a benefit of being g6PD-deficient? | [
"Increased resistance to malaria, reduces the risk of coronary diseases, beneficial effect in terms of longevity"
] | [
"There is evidence of increased resistance to malaria."
] | [
"A central position of the PPP for malaria parasites is supported by the fact that human G6PD deficiency protects to a certain degree from malaria infections.",
" The beneficial effect of thalassemia minor, sickle-cell trait, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency on survival of malaria infection may we... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10403541",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152564",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23534950",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21403409",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24502194",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22639416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/2421",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/G6PD"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": ... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005955",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008288",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12365",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0... |
56c904745795f9a73e00001c | summary | Describe the usefulness of Macrostomum lignano in ion channel and stem cell research | [
"Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in many cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Some ion channels are directly implemented in chemical signaling pathways, the others are involved in regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentrations, pH, cell volume, a... | [] | [
"Bioelectrical signals generated by ion channels play crucial roles in many cellular processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Some ion channels are directly implemented in chemical signaling pathways, the others are involved in regulation of cytoplasmic or vesicular ion concentrations, pH, cell volume, a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23024658"
] | [] | [] |
514cbbf9d24251bc05000065 | yesno | Is there an association between c-reactive protein concentrations and outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients? | [
"Yes. Higher concentrations of C-reactive protein are associated with worse outcomes of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Besides the baseline characteristics, daily interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin, C-reactive protein levels, and leukocyte counts were prospectively measured until day 14 after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Occurrence of infectious complications and application of therapeutic hypothermia were assessed as confounding fac... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22392113",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21757662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682408",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23208059",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_MESAU",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_CAVPO",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_XENLA",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CRP_PIG",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi... |
52bf1f2d03868f1b06000015 | factoid | Which drug is benserazide usually co-administered with? | [
"Co-administration of L-Dopa with carbidopa or benserazide is the most effective symptomatic treatment for Parkinson Disease (PD)."
] | [
"L-Dopa"
] | [
"The present study utilizes in vivo amperometry to investigate the impact from unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and l-DOPA (4 mg/kg, including benserazide 15 mg/kg) -induced dyskinetic behavior on striatal basal extracellular glutamate concentration and potassium-evoked glutamate release in urethane-anesthetize... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390548",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22384042",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10884518",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11166288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17553556",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17113046",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4248923",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009934",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001545"
] |
52bf19f703868f1b06000002 | factoid | What is the inheritance pattern of Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT) caused by RYR2 mutations? | [
"Autosomal dominant catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) was mapped to chromosome 1q42-43 with identification of pathogenic mutations in RYR2."
] | [
"autosomal dominant"
] | [
"Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a rare arrythmogenic disease characterized by exercise--or stress--induced ventricular tachyarrythmias, syncope, or sudden death, usually in the pediatric age group. Familial occurrence has been noted in about 30% of cases. Inheritance may be autosoma... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18052993",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17666061",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15336972"
] | [
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/encodedBy",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q9ERN6",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_513945524E360021"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_513945524E360021",
"o": "Ryr2... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019837",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_RABIT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RYR2_RAT",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D... |
515db54c298dcd4e51000016 | summary | What is the INSURE procedure in premature babies. | [
"The INSURE procedure includes intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation (InSurE). It is used to treat respiratory distress syndrome in newborns.",
"InSurE stands for Intubation-surfactant-extubation and is a method in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)"
] | [] | [
" intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) method in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS)",
"INSURE method can improve the oxygenation function of the lung, decrease the incidence of VAP and shorten the duration of oxygen therapy in neonates with NRDS",
"intubation, surfactant, and ex... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19679893",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18841536",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20180736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22430447",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10218338",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17476269",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D047928",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007234"
] |
5149aafcd24251bc05000045 | list | Which are the available biomedical text mining tools for the detection of protein-protein interactions? | [
"Protein-protein interactions (PPI) can be extracted from biomedical literature using text mining approaches. These approaches have been classified into two categories, the statistical calculation of the co-occurrence of proteins and the computational linguistic method. Moreover, bioinformatics methods based on seq... | [
"BioCreative Meta Server",
"Hidden Vector State model",
"iHop",
"LAITOR",
"OntoGene",
"PIE",
"Protein interaction information extraction system",
"PPInterFinder",
"PPIs",
"TafTalent",
"PolySearch",
"OpenDMAP",
"HAPPI",
"GeneView",
"PPI finder",
"Paired-PPI Finder",
"PreBind",
"PreB... | [
"In this study, we propose a novel algorithm for extracting PPIs from literature which consists of two phases. First, we automatically categorize the data into subsets based on its semantic properties and extract candidate PPI pairs from these subsets. Second, we apply support vector machines (SVMs) to classify can... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18237434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15719064",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23325628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18508809",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22693219",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22595237",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7659857",
"o": "C18469"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#altLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0872079",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D060145",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057225"
] |
5503167be9bde69634000028 | summary | How thyrocyte destruction is induced in autoimmune thyroiditis? | [
"Thyrocytes from Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) glands, but not from nonautoimmune thyroids, expressed Fas (CD95), therefore autonomous interaction between thyrocyte Fas (CD95) and FasL (CD95L) has been proposed as a major mechanism of thyrocyte depletion in HT. Moreover, experimental evidence has showed that Infiltr... | [] | [
"These morphological findings suggested that autoreactive T-cell clones were responsible for thyrocyte destruction and hypothyroidism through effector-target cytotoxic recognition. Later, autonomous interaction between thyrocyte Fas and FasL has been proposed as a major mechanism of thyrocyte depletion in Hashimoto... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11321234",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19514601",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9886394",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11101869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9020075"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:7188"
] |
570917bccf1c325851000015 | factoid | Do A-type lamins bind euchromatin or heterochromatin? | [
"These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Δ8-11/Δ8-11) mice",
"Comparative ge... | [
"Both euchromatin and heterochromatin"
] | [
"These data reveal that the domain encoded by exon 9 is important to maintain telomere homeostasis and heterochromatin structure but does not play a role in DNA repair, thus pointing to other exons in the lamin A tail as responsible for the genomic instability phenotype in Lmna(Δ8-11/Δ8-11) mice",
"Lmna(Δ9/Δ9) ME... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11953316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497856",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22713752",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20130288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24153156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19141474",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000792",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D022041",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005521",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006570",
"http://amigo.... |
5519a7d5622b194345000015 | factoid | Which is the most abundant membrane protein on Earth? | [
"LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere."
] | [
"Light-harvesting pigment-protein complex of Photosystem II",
"LHCII"
] | [
"LHCII, the largest plant photosynthetic pigment-protein complex of photosystem II, is a most abundant membrane protein in living organisms and comprises approximately half of the pool of chlorophyll molecules in the biosphere. ",
"LHCII is the most abundant membrane protein on earth.",
"LHCII, the most abundan... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21718685",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018323",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298812",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16307124",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23933017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19403948"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051380",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0051205",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008566",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field... |
53372b66d6d3ac6a34000057 | yesno | Can RNASeq be used for the analysis of nascent transcripts? | [
"Efficient cellular fractionation improves RNA sequencing analysis of mature and nascent transcripts from human tissues. Here we show that RNA-seq can also be used for studying nascent RNAs undergoing transcription. We utilize nascent RNA sequencing to document dosage compensation during transcriptional elongation... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Here, we utilize nascent RNA sequencing to document dosage compensation during transcriptional elongation.",
"Here we show that RNA-seq can also be used for studying nascent RNAs undergoing transcription",
"Conversely, the nuclear fraction shows an enrichment of unprocessed RNA compared with total RNA-seq, mak... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225116",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24034318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19056941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1932016",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23934657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056773",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012313",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001483",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/RNI_ECOLI",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=... |
56e310a151531f7e33000017 | yesno | Do RNA:DNA hybrids preferentially form in high or low GC regions? | [
"Transcription through a GC-rich region favors R-loop formation, with the nascent (G-rich) RNA forming a stable RNA:DNA hybrid with the template DNA strand."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Intrinsic termination signals for multisubunit bacterial RNA polymerases (RNAPs) encode a GC-rich stem-loop structure followed by a polyuridine [poly(U)] tract, and it has been proposed that steric clash of the stem-loop with the exit pore of the RNAP imposes a shearing force on the RNA in the downstream RNA:DNA h... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24976131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2415514",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20729633",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18358810",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24743386"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012313",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004247",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020862"
] |
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