id stringlengths 24 24 | type stringclasses 4
values | body stringlengths 13 215 | ideal_answer listlengths 1 12 | exact_answer listlengths 0 44 | snippets listlengths 0 121 | documents listlengths 1 157 | triples listlengths 0 537 | concepts listlengths 0 99 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
52bf1af803868f1b06000008 | list | Which diseases are caused by mutations in Calsequestrin 2 (CASQ2) gene? | [
"CASQ2 mutations are associated with autosomal recessive catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) and familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.",
"Mutations in the gene encoding for cardiac calsequestrin, CASQ2, cause a rare but severe form of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia ... | [
"catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)",
"CPVT",
"catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia",
"familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy",
"HCM",
"hypertrophic cardiomyopathy"
] | [
"Recessively inherited CPVT is caused by either missense or null-allele mutations in the cardiac calsequestrin (CASQ2) gene. It was suggested that defects in CASQ2 cause protein deficiency and impair Ca(2+) uptake to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and Ca(2+)-dependent inhibition of ryanodine channels, leading to diasto... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17655857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24025405",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22650415",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20302875",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22119737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21618644",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/associatedGene",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/1171",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/CASQ2"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch",
"s"... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASQ2_CHICK",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASQ2_PIG",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASQ2_PONAB",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CASQ2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/... |
517575558ed59a060a00002d | summary | What are the most frequent non-canonical sequence motifs at the donor and acceptor splice sites in vertebrates? | [
"There are two major exceptions to the canonical GT-AG dinucleotides at donor and acceptor sites: the GG-AG splice site pairs, recognized through the typical U2 splicing machinery, and the AT-AC splice pairs recognized by the U12 splicing machinery."
] | [] | [
"About 1-2% of introns are non-canonical, with the most abundant subtype of non-canonical introns being characterized by GC and AG dinucleotides at their 5'- and 3'-termini, respectively.",
"Our results indicate that the incorporation of non-canonical splice site models yields dramatic improvements in annotating ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079731",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17082203",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11058137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11125105",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20163699",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16267086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
56cf20eb3975bb303a000001 | factoid | What does isradipine do to L-type channels? | [
"Isradipine antagonizes/blocks the L-type channels."
] | [
"antagonizes",
"blocks"
] | [
"The L-type channel blocker, isradipine (5 microM), had no significant effect on the amplitude or kinetics of the Ca(2+) signal.",
"A comparison of the sensitivity to blockade by isradipine of the L-type currents in Purkinje cells and ventricular epicardial myocytes, which only express Ca(v)1.2, suggests that the... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17218348",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20816785",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11285265",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17884683",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11283860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18996099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020746",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250298",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017275"
] |
5314ad66dae131f847000004 | summary | Why does cranberry juice help combat urinary tract infections? | [
"Cranberry products affect the surface properties, such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharides, and adhesion of fimbriated and nonfimbriated E. coli."
] | [] | [
" Cranberry products affect the surface properties, such as fimbriae and lipopolysaccharides, and adhesion of fimbriated and nonfimbriated E. coli. ",
" Cranberry juice has been shown to be effective in preventing adhesion of bacteria such as Escherichia coli to the bladder epithelium.",
"Inhibition of adherenc... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21688109",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19921981",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24304610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480803",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19636526",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19257836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D029799",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014552",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014551"
] |
550303a5e9bde6963400000c | list | In which diseases have electronic patient diaries been applied ? | [
"Parkinson's disease\nCOPD\nFood hypersensitivity\nNiacin induced flushing\nHemophilia\nHeartburn\nHeadache"
] | [
"Parkinson's disease",
"COPD",
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease",
"Chronic Obstructive Airways Disease",
"Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease",
"Food hypersensitivity",
"Allergy",
"Niacin induced flushing",
"Hemophilia",
"Heartburn",
"Reflux",
"GERD",
"Esophageal reflux",
"Headache",
... | [
"WiiPD is an approach for the objective home based assessment of Parkinson's disease which utilizes the intuitive and sensor rich Nintendo Wii Remote. Combined with an electronic patient diary, a suite of mini-games, a metric analyzer, and a visualization engine, we propose that this system can complement existing ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20841643",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19301936",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949085",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10594395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19226411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14728392",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
56ed0ffe2ac5ed1459000008 | factoid | Which type of myeloma is ixazomib being evaluated for? | [
"The disease focus for the irreversible epoxyketone proteasome inhibitor ixazomib is multiple myeloma."
] | [
"Multiple myeloma"
] | [
"Next generation proteasome inhibitors include carfilzomib and oprozomib which are irreversible epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors; and ixazomib and delanzomib which are reversible boronic acid proteasome inhibitors. Two proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib and carfilzomib are FDA approved drugs and ixazomib and oprozo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24920586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24292417",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24904120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268212",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24486586",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009101"
] |
51bdf045047fa84d1d000003 | list | Which are the Atg8 homologs in human? | [
"Autophagy (Autophagy-related protein 8 or Atg8p or APG8 or AUT7 or CVT5) is a yeast protein involved in cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicles and autophagosomes formation. In yeast it is represented by a single gene, the ATG8 family in humans contains 6 members (microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain... | [
"MAP1LC3A",
"microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3A",
"LC3A",
"MAP1LC3B",
"microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3B",
"LC3B",
"MAP1LC3C",
"microtubule-associated protein-1 light chain 3C",
"LC3C",
"GABARAP",
"GABA(A) receptor-associated protein",
"Gamma-aminobutyric acid recept... | [
"Strikingly, in addition to ULK1 and ULK2, ATG13 and FIP200 interacted with human ATG8 proteins, all with strong preference for the GABARAP subfamily.",
"GABARAPL1 belongs to the small family of GABARAP proteins (including GABARAP, GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2/GATE-16), one of the two subfamilies of the yeast Atg8 ort... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21620860",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23043107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20418806",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21862879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723759",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006801",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ATG8_MAGO7"
] |
56b76d916e3f8eaf4c000001 | factoid | To which family does the Zika virus belong? | [
"The Zika virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae."
] | [
"Flaviviridae"
] | [
"Zika virus (ZIKV; genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae) "
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25310102"
] | [
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/reviewed",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/64320",
"o": "false"
},
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/scientificName",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/taxonomy/64320",
"o": "Zika virus"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#not... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005190",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014780",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014777",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
550e6688a103b7801600000d | yesno | Has the fungus Ashbya gossypii got many nuclei that share cytoplasm? | [
"Yes, Ashbya gossypii has a budding yeast-like genome but grows exclusively as multinucleated hyphae."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"multinucleated Ashbya gossypii cells.",
"multinucleated Ashbya gossypii fungal cells",
"Nuclei in the filamentous, multinucleated fungus Ashbya gossypii divide asynchronously. ",
"multinucleated Ashbya gossypii cells",
"We analyzed a unique asynchronous nuclear division cycle in a multinucleated filamentou... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24094857",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20053682",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16449188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16023404",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17158735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015595",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002467",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002529"
] |
56d1ddd267f0cb3d66000008 | summary | What is the functionality of the Triplex R/bioconductor package? | [
"Triplex is an R/Bioconductor package for identification and visualization of potential intramolecular triplex patterns in DNA sequences. The package provides functions that can be used to search Bioconductor genomes and other DNA sequence data for occurrence of nucleotide patterns capable of forming intramolecular... | [] | [
"Triplex: an R/Bioconductor package for identification and visualization of potential intramolecular triplex patterns in DNA sequences.",
"The new package provides functions that can be used to search Bioconductor genomes and other DNA sequence data for occurrence of nucleotide patterns capable of forming intramo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23709494"
] | [] | [] |
5177def18ed59a060a000034 | factoid | Which is the molecular mechanism underlying K-ras alterations in carcinomas? | [
"Activating point mutations most frequently in codon 12"
] | [
"Point mutations"
] | [
"activating mutations in KRAS are identified in most pancreatic cancers",
"Mutations at codon 12 of the K-ras gene are present in 65%-100% of carcinomas of human exocrine pancreas and could be used as a potential tumor marker at the tissue level.",
"Activating point mutations in the K-Ras oncogene are among the... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19509115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12697967",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19783717",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8613066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21779504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8178941",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011905",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0032856",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:305"
] |
513f4249bee46bd34c000012 | yesno | Is microRNA(miRNA) 30 involved in post-ischemic cardiac remodeling? | [
"Myocardial remodeling after an ischemic insult involves extracellular matrix proteins with increased fibrosis\nInitial experimental data indicate that miRNA 30 decreases CTGF a key molecule in the process of fibrosis, by directly downregulating the production of CTGF"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"The myocardium of the failing heart undergoes a number of structural alterations, most notably hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes and an increase in extracellular matrix proteins, often seen as primary fibrosi",
"Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a key molecule in the process of fibrosis and therefore seems... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22352753",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038740",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19096030"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=0010586",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020257",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D035683"
] |
515db020298dcd4e51000011 | list | List all clinical trials of the polypill. | [
"'Use of a Multidrug Pill In Reducing cardiovascular Events' (UMPIRE) trial, European Clinical Trials database, as EudraCT: 2009-016278-34 and the Clinical Trials Registry, India as CTRI/2010/091/000250.\n'IMProving Adherence using Combination Therapy (IMPACT)', Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN... | [
"Use of a Multidrug Pill In Reducing cardiovascular Events' (UMPIRE) trial, European Clinical Trials database\\, as EudraCT: 2009-016278-34 and the Clinical Trials Registry\\, India as CTRI/2010/091/000250.",
"UMPIRE",
"IMProving Adherence using Combination Therapy (IMPACT)', Australian New Zealand Clinical Tri... | [
"The 'Use of a Multidrug Pill In Reducing cardiovascular Events' (UMPIRE) trial assesses whether a polypill strategy (by combining aspirin, a statin and two blood pressure lowering agents) would improve adherence to guideline-indicated therapies and would lower both blood pressure and cholesterol, in people with es... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15670547",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21682553",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22080542",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20334446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16479100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19339045",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002986"
] |
553d0c1df321868558000014 | summary | What is transvection? | [
"An unusual feature of the Diptera is that homologous chromosomes are intimately synapsed in somatic cells. At a number of loci in Drosophila, this pairing can significantly influence gene expression. Such influences were first detected within the bithorax complex (BX-C) by E.B. Lewis, who coined the term transvect... | [] | [
"An unusual feature of the Diptera is that homologous chromosomes are intimately synapsed in somatic cells. At a number of loci in Drosophila, this pairing can significantly influence gene expression. Such influences were first detected within the bithorax complex (BX-C) by E.B. Lewis, who coined the term transvect... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12429702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2238088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10322135",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9348657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11931232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11504843",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [] |
515de643298dcd4e51000022 | summary | What is the role of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease? | [
"Probiotics are live, microbial food supplements that benefit the host animal by improving intestinal microbial balance. Across all 11 probiotic species and eight different gastrointestinal diseases - Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Helicobacter pylori infection (HPP), Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), Pouchitis (... | [] | [
"The overall response rate was 80.5%, of which 69.5% of respondents said they recommended or prescribed probiotic food supplements to their patients, including 53.4% of surgeons and 80.8% of gastroenterologists (P = 0.00013). The most popular probiotic supplements among surgeons were probiotic-containing yoghurt an... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22529959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15076628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12846937",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16215086",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20890386",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21426607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005767",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:77",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019936"
] |
56f4011709dd18d46b000003 | factoid | What is the main symptom of Marfan syndrome patients? | [
"The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. Pathohistological alterations of the aorta in patients with Marfan syndrome consisted in pronounced restructuring of the wall with deep irreversible alternative changes. The risk of aortic dissection, which is the most seri... | [
"aortic root dissection"
] | [
"The diagnosis and surgical treatment of patients with Marfan syndrome remain controversial. It is of utmost importance to identify patients at risk for acute aortic events to establish the correct surgical timing and the appropriate surgical treatment",
"The not-uncommon spinal abnormalities associated with Marf... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490352",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23941798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24721296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23877552",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1464550",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21958999",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008382",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14323",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+E... |
552033206b348bb82c00001b | summary | What species is associated with Tetrodotoxin? | [
"Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a low molecular weight (approximately 319 Da) neurotoxin found in a number of animal species, including pufferfish. TTX is originally produced by marine bacteria, and pufferfish are intoxicated through the food chain that starts with the bacteria. TTX is found in warm waters, especially of th... | [] | [
"The selling and importing of puffer fish species and their products was banned in Thailand in 2002, because of possible neurotoxic effects.",
"Efficiency of a rapid test for detection of tetrodotoxin in puffer fish.",
"Marine pufferfish contain tetrodotoxin (TTX), an extremely potent neurotoxin",
"Tetrodotox... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22163191",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22069694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20479966",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22690139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23724281",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24279996",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#note",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0463937",
"o": "DXplain"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#prefLabel",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0275142",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/u... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013779",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4053979",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4274648"
] |
51635202298dcd4e5100004f | factoid | How is myotonic dystrophy inherited? | [
"Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a heterogeneous neuromuscular disease with an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance."
] | [
"autosomal dominant"
] | [
"Myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder caused by a CCTG tetranucleotide repeat expansion located in intron 1 of the zinc finger protein 9 gene (ZNF9 gene) on chromosome 3q 21.3.",
"Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an expansion of... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12577208",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970845",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8154209",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18228241",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22332444"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A1189440",
"o": "myotonic dystrophy"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A12058083",
"o": "Myotonic Dystr... | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:11722",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:655",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:9884",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:450"
] |
56ae5a8a0a360a5e4500000b | summary | How do HBS1L-MYB intergenic variants regulate fetal hemoglobin? | [
"HBS1L-MYB intergenic variants modulate fetal hemoglobin via long-range MYB enhancers. Several HBS1L-MYB intergenic variants affect regulatory elements that are occupied by key erythroid transcription factors within this region. These elements interact with MYB, a critical regulator of erythroid development and HbF... | [] | [
"HBS1L-MYB intergenic variants modulate fetal hemoglobin via long-range MYB enhancers.",
"Here, we determined that several HBS1L-MYB intergenic variants affect regulatory elements that are occupied by key erythroid transcription factors within this region. These elements interact with MYB, a critical regulator of... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614105"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0067026",
"o": "D006454"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A0067106",
"o": "D006454"
},
{
"p": "... | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4257620",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HBBF_CAPHI",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020570",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4256386",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MYB_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/M... |
533c2a55c45e133714000003 | list | Which are the mammalian orthologs of Drosophila Yki? | [
"There are two mammalian orthologs of Yki: YAP and TAZ"
] | [
"YAP",
"TAZ"
] | [
"Yorkie ortholog YAP",
"Yorkie ortholog, Yap1",
"human ortholog of Yorkie, YAP",
"YAP1, the ortholog of Drosophila Yorkie",
"Yorkie ortholog YAP",
" Yorkie homolog YAP",
"Yki (YAP/TAZ in vertebrates"
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17980593",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18413746",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23484853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23985272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101275",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/YORKI_DROME"
] |
530e131b5937551c09000002 | yesno | Is statin use associated with improved outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage? | [
"Statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown be associated with improved outcomes by some prospective clinical trials. It has been reported that statin use after subarachnoid hemorrhage reduced rates of vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischemia, and mortality. However, other authors have failed to find benef... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Statins have been shown in two recent small phase I/II trials to be associated with a marked reduction in clinical and transcranial Doppler (TCD) evidence of vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). ",
"Statins did not result in reduced TCD velocities, clinical or angiographic vasospasm, or imp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16051891",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19875741",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19614959",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24323051",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19439205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23392270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019161",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013345",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D017063",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
553f72edab98a37113000007 | factoid | What is the typical outer diameter of microtubules (tubulin heterodimers)? | [
"Microtubules are highly anisotropic structures built from tubulin heterodimers. They are hollow cylindrical shells with a ∼ 25 nm (24nm - 25nm) outer diameter."
] | [
"24nm - 25 nm"
] | [
"microtubules are highly anisotropic structures built from tubulin heterodimers. They are hollow cylindrical shells with a ∼ 25 nm outer diameter",
"single microtubules (diameter 25 nm",
"The individual microtubules measured about 24 nm in outer diameter",
"Microtubules are hollow tubes some 25 nm in diameter... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19565362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7161484",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23145817",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23729907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9549038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18085218"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0005874",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045298"
] |
52cae04c03868f1b06000024 | yesno | Does molindone affect body weight? | [
"Yes, molindone has a tendency to cause weight loss or limited weight gain."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Mean weight increased by 0.54 kg, and mean body mass index by 0.24 kg/m(2). ",
"A large-scale trial comparing a first-generation antipsychotic (molindone) with newer agents did not find significant differences in treatment response, although the newer antipsychotics were associated with more severe weight gain. ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10548138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2671060",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3780420",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8800628",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20502331",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8290673",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015431",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015430",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008972",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
5318813ab166e2b806000016 | summary | What is the genetic basis of propionic acidemia? | [
"Mutations in the PCCA or PCCB genes, encoding both subunits of propionyl-CoA carboxylase."
] | [] | [
"utations in the PCCA or PCCB genes coding for alpha and beta subunits of propionyl CoA carboxylase can cause propionic acidemia",
"propionic acidemia (PA) can result from mutations in either of the genes PCCA or PCCB, which encode the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of the mitochondrial enzyme propionyl C... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18790721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10447268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19157943",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15235904",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11592820",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12409268",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056693"
] |
5506ce078e1671127b00000b | factoid | Which protein phosphatase has been found to interact with the heat shock protein, HSP20? | [
"Protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Cell fractionation, coimmunoprecipitation, and coimmunolocalization studies, revealed an association between Hsp20 and PP1. Small heat shock protein 20 interacts with protein phosphatase-1 a... | [
"Protein phosphatase 1",
"PP1"
] | [
" Moreover, protein phosphatase-1 activity is regulated by two binding partners, inhibitor-1 and the small heat shock protein 20, Hsp20. Indeed, human genetic variants of inhibitor-1 (G147D) or Hsp20 (P20L) result in reduced binding and inhibition of protein phosphatase-1, suggesting aberrant enzymatic regulation i... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24244723",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21493896"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0016791",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/HSP20_NIPBR"
] |
55031406e9bde69634000021 | summary | What is the risk in G-CSF treatment for severe congenital neutropenia? | [
"Severe congenital neutropenia is a rare hematological condition causing severe chronic neutropenia. Treatment with the myeloid growth factor, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is usually effective, but the dose of G-CSF required to normalize blood neutrophils varies greatly. Ten to thirty percent of th... | [] | [
"We obtained serial hematopoietic samples from an SCN patient who developed AML 17 years after the initiation of G-CSF treatment. Next- generation sequencing was performed to identify mutations during disease progression. In the AML phase, we found 12 acquired nonsynonymous mutations. Three of these, in CSF3R, LLGL... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15642668",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20456363",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237318",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22371884",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21052952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12555210"
] | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4250245",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050590",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CSF3_CANFA"
] |
54fc99f36ad7dcbc12000004 | factoid | Neurostimulation of which nucleus is used for treatment of dystonia? | [
"Neurostimulation of globus pallidus internus is effective for treatment of dystonia. Ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus has also been tested for neurostimulation in dystonia patients."
] | [
"globus pallidus internus"
] | [
"Bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS was performed in five SD patients and unilateral ventralis oralis anterior and posterior (Voa/Vop) nucleus of the thalamus DBS in two post-stroke hemiballismus patients. ",
"BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation of the internal pallidum (GPi-DBS) is effective for various... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17093249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11254790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11481711",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21549607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12151848",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24268100",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:543"
] |
5548da00f35db7552600000b | list | Which myosin isozymes are located within the pericuticular necklace of the hair cell? | [
"The hair cell is located in the inner ear, a tissue that is particularly reliant on actin-rich structures and unconventional myosin isozymes. Within the pericuticular necklace, a domain of the hair cell, certain unconventional myosin isozymes are located, namely myosins-Ibeta, myosin-VI, and myosin-VIIa."
] | [
"myosins-Ibeta",
"myosin-VI",
"myosin-VIIa"
] | [
"Myosin 1 beta, VI, VIIa and probably XV are all expressed within a single cell in the inner ear, the hair cell.",
"The myosin isozymes expressed in the hair cell all have unique domains of expression and in some areas, such as the pericuticular necklace, several domains overlap.",
"Substantial amounts of myosi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12486594",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17048225",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9182663"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0035315",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0002093",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032507"
] |
571394701174fb175500000c | summary | Which is the treatment strategy followed in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 for CAG removal? | [
"The novel treatment strategy proposed for treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is the removal of the toxic polyglutamine repeat from the ataxin-3 protein through antisense oligonucleotide-mediated exon skipping while maintaining important wild type functions of the protein."
] | [] | [
"Ataxin-3 protein modification as a treatment strategy for spinocerebellar ataxia type 3: removal of the CAG containing exon",
"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 is caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the ataxin-3 protein, resulting in gain of toxic function of the mutant protein. The expanded glutamine stretch in... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23659897"
] | [] | [] |
551d8b3a6b348bb82c000011 | summary | Where is the angiogenin binding element located? | [
"Angiogenin binds to CT repeats that are abundant in the nontranscribed region of the ribosomal RNA gene. An angiogenin-binding DNA sequence (CTCTCTCTCTCTCTCTCCCTC) has been identified and designated angiogenin-binding element (ABE)."
] | [] | [
"ANG binds at the upstream control element (UCE) of the promoter and enhances promoter occupancy of RNA Pol I as well as the selectivity factor SL1 components TAFI 48 and TAFI 110. ",
" Here we report that angiogenin binds to CT repeats that are abundant in the nontranscribed region of the ribosomal RNA gene. An ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24122807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7875314",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12515546",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9413551",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2813401",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3289612"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004602",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANGI_GORGO",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032311"
] |
530db83b38c1322806000002 | list | Which proteins cause cytoplasmic sequestration of NF-kB? | [
"In unstimulated cells, NF-kB transcription factors are retained in the cytoplasm with the inhibitory activity of I-kBs, Sef, NF-kB1 (p105) and NF-kB2 (p100)."
] | [
"I-kBs",
"Sef",
"NF-kB1 (p105)",
"NF-kB2 (p100)"
] | [
"Sef is an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokine signaling, acting by cytoplasmic sequestration of NF-κB",
"According to the classical model, NF-κB is retained in the cytoplasm of resting cells via binding to inhibitory, IκB proteins and translocates into the nucleus upon their ligand-induced degradation.",
"Li... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22975329",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16136188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399470",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12972430",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20845110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8692272",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0008588",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0035525",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032088",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0042994",
"htt... |
5717fb557de986d80d000009 | yesno | Is the SDHAF2 gene encoding a protein necessary for flavination of SDHA? | [
"Yes, SDHAF2 or hSDH5, is the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA.",
"Yes, SDHAF2 is required for flavination of SDHA."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"the gene encoding the enzyme responsible for the flavination of SDHA (SDHAF2 or hSDH5)",
"SDHAF2, required for flavination of SDHA",
"Pheochromocytoma-paraganglioma syndrome is caused by mutations in SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD, encoding subunits of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and in SDHAF2, required for flavinati... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21752896",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036115",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19732718",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061808"
] | [] | [] |
532f0bd6d6d3ac6a3400002d | factoid | What is the mode of inheritance of Marchesani syndrome? | [
"Marchesani syndrome is transmitted either by an autosomal dominant (mutations in FBN1) or an autosomal recessive (mutations in ADAMTS10) mode of inheritance"
] | [
"autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive"
] | [
"Autosomal recessive and autosomal dominant WMS cannot be distinguished by clinical findings alone. ",
"Weill-Marchesani syndrome (WMS) is a well-characterized disorder in which patients develop eye and skeletal abnormalities. Autosomal-recessive and autosomal-dominant forms of WMS are caused by mutations in ADAM... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10707143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8914744",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301293",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19396027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6739588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19836009",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056846",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040582"
] |
56c1f007ef6e39474100003b | list | Tumor-treating fields are effective for treatment of which cancers? | [
"Clinical trials have shown that Tumor-treating fields are effective for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer and glioblastoma. Ongoing and future trials will evaluate TTFields in solid tumor brain metastases, and ovarian, pancreatic cancers and multidrug resistance cancer cells."
] | [
"non-small cell lung cancer",
"glioblastoma"
] | [
"Alternating electric fields (tumor-treating fields therapy) can improve chemotherapy treatment efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer both in vitro and in vivo.",
"e evaluated the effects of combining TTFields with standard chemotherapeutic agents on several NSCLC cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo. Frequency... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19133110",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23899985",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095807",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18596382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24884522",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21548832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013812"
] |
551173c26a8cde6b72000004 | summary | Which event results in the acetylation of S6K1? | [
"Using acetyl-specific K516 antibodies, we show that acetylation of endogenous S6K1 at this site is potently induced upon growth factor stimulation. We propose that K516 acetylation may serve to modulate important kinase-independent functions of S6K1 in response to growth factor signalling. Following mitogen stimul... | [] | [
"S6K1 is acetylated at lysine 516 in response to growth factor stimulation",
"In addition to phosphorylation, we have recently shown that S6K1 is also targeted by lysine acetylation",
"Here, using tandem mass spectrometry we have mapped acetylation of S6K1 to lysine 516, a site close to the C-terminus of the ki... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20599721",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19961954"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006473",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KS6B1_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KS6B1_BOVIN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KS6B1_RAT",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KS6B1_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/KS6B1_RABIT"
] |
56e46ad951531f7e3300001a | list | List angiocrine factors | [
"Angiocrine factors are: Ccl4, neurotensin, vascular endothelial growth factor, metalloproteinases-1, thrombospondin 3, Slit2, hepatocyte growth factor, Wnt2. "
] | [
"Ccl4",
"neurotensin",
"vascular endothelial growth factor",
"metalloproteinases-1",
"thrombospondin 3",
"Slit2",
"hepatocyte growth factor",
"Wnt2"
] | [
"Ccl4 and neurotensin (Nts) (angiocrine factors)",
"vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A was identified as the most abundantly expressed factor, ",
"angiocrine factors tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (Timp-1) and thrombospondin 3 (THBS3) ",
"We found that Slit2, which is negatively regulated b... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21148069",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24018375",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257808",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20094048",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068842",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24257019"
] | [] | [] |
56f82a39cf1c325851000001 | summary | What is protein carbamylation? | [
"Protein carbamylation is a post-translational modification that can occur in the presence of urea. In solution, urea is in equilibrium with ammonium cyanate, and carbamylation occurs when cyanate ions react with the amino groups of lysines, arginines, protein N-termini, as well as sulfhydryl groups of cysteines. P... | [] | [
"urea solution can cause carbamylation at the N termini of proteins/peptides and at the side chain amino groups of lysine and arginine residues. ",
"Carbamylation describes a nonenzymatic posttranslational protein modification mediated by cyanate, a dissociation product of urea. ",
"Cyanate, a reactive electrop... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23335428",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21235354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25037561",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24056952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24386107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
571e4293bb137a4b0c00000b | factoid | What is the cause of episodic ataxia type 6? | [
"Episodic ataxia type 6, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a glial glutamate transporter, the excitatory amino acid transporter-1. Reduced glutamate uptake by mutant excitatory amino acid transporter-1 (EAAT1) has been thought to be the main pathophysiological process in episodic ataxia type 6."
] | [
"EAAT1 mutations"
] | [
"There are several genetically and clinically distinct forms of this disease, and one of them, episodic ataxia type 6, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding a glial glutamate transporter, the excitatory amino acid transporter-1. So far, reduced glutamate uptake by mutant excitatory amino acid transporter-1 ha... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23107647"
] | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:963"
] |
530cf22aa177c6630c000004 | factoid | What is the main role of Ctf4 in dna replication? | [
"coupling MCM2-7 to replicative polymerases is an important feature of the regulation of chromosome replication in eukaryotes, and highlight a key role for Ctf4 in this processAnd-1/Ctf4 is therefore a new replication initiation factor that brings together the MCM2-7 helicase and the DNA pol alpha-primase complex, ... | [
"Coordination of the progression of helicase and DNA polymerase alpha at the eukaryotic replication fork."
] | [
"In this report, interactions between human Ctf4 (hCtf4) and the replicative helicase containing the cell division cycle 45 (Cdc45)/minichromosome maintenance 2-7 (Mcm2-7)/Go, Ichi, Nii, and San (GINS) (CMG) proteins [human CMG (hCMG) complex] were examined",
"We demonstrate that the hCtf4-CMG complex contains a ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255107",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20381454",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19805216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761813",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12455694",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045740",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006261",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006260",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=... |
516523fd298dcd4e51000055 | yesno | Could Arimidex (anastrozole) cause hot flashes? | [
"Yes. Hot flashes are one of the most common adverse effects of Arimidex."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"More than a third of breast cancer patients undergoing aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment report joint pain.",
"In the first 6 weeks, emergence of joint pain was associated with increase in general pain, fatigue, disturbed sleep, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and decreased sexual activity.",
"Antiestrogen ther... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21378354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23314924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17292609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20975874",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20679610",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10338338",
"o": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#Label"
},
{
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/altMetaMap",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0878174",... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D019584",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4266381",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006358"
] |
530cf22aa177c6630c000001 | summary | What is the role of Inn1 in cytokinesis? | [
"Inn1 associates with the contractile actomyosin ring at the end of mitosis and is needed for cytokinesis. Inn1 has a C2 domain at the amino terminus of the protein that is required for ingression of the plasma membrane during cytokinesis in budding yeast, whereas the remainder of the protein recruits Inn1 to the a... | [] | [
"Inn1 and Cyk3 regulate chitin synthase during cytokinesis in budding yeasts",
"Our data support a model in which the C2-domain of Inn1 acts in conjunction with Cyk3 to regulate the catalytic domain of Chs2 during cytokinesis.",
"Cdc14-dependent dephosphorylation of Inn1 contributes to Inn1-Cyk3 complex formati... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22956544",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20442249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707790",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19528296",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344988"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D048749",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0000910",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0032466",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... |
53130a77e3eabad02100000f | factoid | Which hormone deficiency is implicated in the Costello syndrome ? | [
"Growth hormone deficiency is implicated in Costello syndrome. Growth hormone therapy should be administered with caution due to possible severe side effects. Cortisol and sex hormone deficiencies were also implicated in Costello syndrome."
] | [
"Growth hormone deficiency"
] | [
"Measurements obtained after growth hormone exposure in 15 individuals were excluded in this analysis.",
"Furthermore, we observed that RasGRF1 becomes phosphorylated in ARMS after stimulation by several pro-metastatic factors, such as SDF-1 and HGF/SF, as well as after exposure to growth-promoting Igf-2 and insu... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15940703",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15316968",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17551924",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22752028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22887473",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16278907",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D056685",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050469",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006728"
] |
530cf22aa177c6630c000005 | list | List the components of a Replisome Progression Complex (RPC). | [
"RPC components include the essential initiation and elongation factor, Cdc45, the checkpoint mediator Mrc1, the Tof1-Csm3 complex that allows replication forks to pause at protein-DNA barriers, the histone chaperone FACT (facilitates chromatin transcription) and Ctf4, which helps to establish sister chromatid cohe... | [
"Cdc45",
"Mrc1",
"Tof1-Csm3 complex",
"FACT",
"Ctf4"
] | [
"This interaction requires the RPC components Mrc1 and Ctf4, both of which associate with a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain located at the amino terminus of Dia2",
"Here we show that SCF(Dia2) associates with the replisome progression complex (RPC) that assembles around the MCM2-7 helicase at DNA replicatio... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22918584",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16930479",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16531994",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23499444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19496828",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21701592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0030894"
] |
56acda7c0a360a5e45000005 | summary | What is the definition of minimal absent words? | [
"An absent word of a word y of length n is a word that does not occur in y. It is a minimal absent word if all its proper factors occur in y. Minimal absent words have been computed in genomes of organisms from all domains of life; their computation also provides a fast alternative for measuring approximation in se... | [] | [
" We show how absent words relate to the repetitions and structure of the data, and define a new and larger class of absent words, called minimal absent words, that still captures the essential properties of the shortest absent words introduced in recent works. The words of this new class are minimal in the sense t... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19426495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22974263",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25526884"
] | [] | [] |
55167dec46478f2f2c00000a | summary | What is the common feature in congenital central hypoventilation and Mowat-Wilson syndromes? | [
"About 30% of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) cases are syndromic. Hitherto, the disease causing gene has been identified for eight Mendelian syndromes with HSCR: congenital central hypoventilation (CCHS), Mowat-Wilson (MWS), Bardet-Biedl (BBS), Shah-Waardenburg (WS4), cartilage-hair-hypoplasia (CHH), Smith-Lemli-Opitz... | [] | [
"Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a fairly frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in children. It is characterized as a sex-linked heterogonous disorder with variable severity and incomplete penetrance giving rise to a variable pattern of inheritance. Although Hirschsprung's disease occurs as an isolated phenotyp... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23001136",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16443855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17397038"
] | [] | [] |
56c5feb75795f9a73e000006 | factoid | Which is the most common CFTR mutation in Caucasians? | [
"The commonest CFTR mutation, deltaF508, is found in 74.1% of all CF chromosomes. In the Caucasian CF population, 57.5% are deltaF508 homozygotes but the UK ISC CF population with only 24.7%, has significantly fewer deltaF508 homozygotes patients (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-0.4)."
] | [
"deltaF508"
] | [
"Exposure to WCS caused a pronounced reduction in CFTR activity in both CFTR (+/+) cells and F508del CFTR (+/-) cell",
"Moreover, the common heterozygous F508del/5T and F508del/R117H were observed in 17 and 4% of CBAVD cases respectively, and the allele frequency in CBAVD was 17% for F508del, 25% for 5T and 3% fo... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11014930",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8222279",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1376017",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662673",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8825494",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24517344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009154",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003550",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006801"
] |
56bf487def6e394741000011 | list | Which CDK targets control cytokinesis? | [
"Aip1, Ede1 and Inn1 are CDK targets whose dephosphorylation is required for cytokinesis."
] | [
"Aip1",
"Ede1",
"Inn1"
] | [
"We use phosphoproteome analysis of mitotic exit to identify Cdk targets that are dephosphorylated at the time of cytokinesis. We then apply a new and widely applicable tool to generate conditionally phosphorylated proteins to identify those whose dephosphorylation is required for cytokinesis. This approach identif... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25371407"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D048749",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0032465",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0000910",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D018844"
] |
54dcd8f61388e8454a000001 | yesno | Are Alu elements transcribed? | [
"A significant percentage of the more than 1 million copies of Alu elements was shown to be transrcribed. Free Alu RNAs are known to be transcribed by Pol III from their own promoter. On the other hand, embedded Alu RNAs are transcribed by Pol II as part of protein- and non-protein-coding RNAs. Recent studies have ... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Alu RNAs in the human transcriptome",
"Alu elements can be transcribed in two different ways, by two independent polymerases",
"'Free Alu RNAs' are transcribed by Pol III from their own promoter",
"'embedded Alu RNAs' are transcribed by Pol II as part of protein- and non-protein-coding RNAs",
"Recent studi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1709156",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8093066",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17514354",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22716230",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1704372",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8366099",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [] | [] |
5543a1b2ee40ea110c000001 | list | In what type(s) of plant organelles we can detect prolamellar bodies? | [
"Prolamellar body (PLB) is a highly organized lipid structure, which is the main site of accumulation of the ternary light-harvesting POR complex LHPP (light-harvesting NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase:protochlorophyllide). Prolamellar bodies have been discovered in etioplasts with the use of thin section e... | [
"etioplasts (mainly)",
"chloroplasts (in young developing leaves during the night)"
] | [
"CPP1 depletion also causes reduced POR accumulation in etioplasts of dark-grown plants and as a result impairs the formation of prolamellar bodies, which subsequently affects chloroplast biogenesis upon illumination.",
"Prolamellar bodies (PLBs) isolated from etiolated wheat seedlings were studied with the use o... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24232321",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23415648",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22704664",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24151298",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18071923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12602886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0009541",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0043226"
] |
56cf2be73975bb303a000005 | list | What do mepolizumab and reslizumab have in common? | [
"Mepolizumab and reslizumab are monoclonal antibodies that target and neutralize interleukin 5. They have been shown to reduce eosinophil counts and they are used for the treatment of refractory asthma (associated with eosiniphilia) and other eosinophilic diseases."
] | [
"monoclonal antibodies",
"treatment for refractory asthma",
"treatment for eosinophilic disease",
"neutralize interleukin 5",
"reduce eosinophil counts"
] | [
"The most promising agents are targeted against cytokines of Th2 pattern and related receptors, such as IL-2 (daclizumab) and IL-13 (lebrikizumab) or IL-5 in patients with hypereosinophilia (mepolizumab, reslizumab and benralizumab).",
"Patients with severe asthma or COPD have often a suboptimal symptom control d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22541618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21824072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26285457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25671117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22092535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23742015",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002251",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015848"
] |
54d669003706e8952800000e | factoid | When are itaconic acid levels elevated? | [
"Itaconic acid levels are elevetad in immune defence."
] | [
"Immune Defence"
] | [
"taconic acid (P = 0.0003), with a false discovery rate of 0.012, was found to be significantly more abundant in women who subsequently developed gestational diabetes mellitus, when compared to controls with uncomplicated pregnancies.",
"Using a gain-and-loss-of-function approach in both mouse and human immune ce... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23610393",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25209111",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25064235"
] | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#narrower",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0064110",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C0951348"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A781922... | [] |
5171833c8ed59a060a00000f | yesno | Are chromomethylases present in animal genomes? | [
"No. Multiple lines of experimental evidence suggest that chromomethylases (CMTs) have been hitherto identified in plant genomes(Arabidopsis, maize, tomato). CMTs maintain CpNpG (N = A, T, C, or G) methylation and they are unique to the plant kingdom. The lack of CMT homologs in animal genomes could be explained ba... | [
"no"
] | [
"Many plant, animal, and fungal genomes contain cytosine DNA methylation in asymmetric sequence contexts (CpHpH, H = A, T, C).",
"However, at the SUPERMAN locus, asymmetric methylation was only completely abolished in drm1 drm2 chromomethylase 3 (cmt3) triple mutant plants.",
"Although neither the drm1 drm2 dou... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11487702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505370",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17660570",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11459824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12740729",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021223",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/fullName",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_4F3634393937006",
"o": "Chromomethylase"
},
{
"p": "http://purl.uniprot.org/core/submittedName",
"s": "http://purl.uniprot.org/uniprot/O64997",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/#_4F36343939... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CMT3_ARATH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CMT2_ARATH",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CMT1_ARATH"
] |
5713bc991174fb1755000010 | list | Which genes are associated with autosomal dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth? | [
"The genes associated with the X-linked and the autosomal dominant forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease are GJB1, MPZ, INF2, DNM2, YARS, GNB4, NEFL, MFN2, LRSAM1, GDAP1, PMP22, LITAF, and EGR2. Identification of these genes has not only been important for patients and families, but also provided new information abo... | [
"GJB1",
"MPZ",
"INF2",
"DNM2",
"YARS",
"GNB4",
"NEFL",
"MFN2",
"LRSAM1",
"GDAP1",
"PMP22",
"LITAF",
"EGR2"
] | [
" GJB1 is currently considered to be associated with X-linked DI-CMT, and MPZ, INF2, DNM2, YARS, GNB4, NEFL, and MFN2 are associated with autosomal DI-CMT. Moreover, GDAP1, KARS, and PLEKHG5 are associated with RI-CMT. Identification of these genes is not only important for patients and families but also provides n... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25337607",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561495",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12707075",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16775366",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24894446",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15099592",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
54fb4b34d176fff445000001 | list | Which transcription factors (TFs) participate in the formation of the interferon-beta (IFN-b) enhanceosome? | [
"Transcriptional activation of the IFN beta gene in response to virus infection requires the assembly of an enhanceosome, consisting of the transcriptional activators NF-kappa B, IRF1, ATF2/c-Jun, and the architectural protein HMG I(Y). Transcriptional activation of the human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene by vir... | [
"NF-kappa B (p50/p65)",
"ATF-2",
"c-jun",
"IRF-3",
"IRF-7",
"IRF-1"
] | [
"The dimer formed by the ATF-2 and c-Jun transcription factors is one of the main components of the human interferon-beta enhanceosome.",
"The induction of IFN transcription resulted from the activation of the components of the IFN-beta enhanceosome, i.e. IFN regulatory factor (IRF) 3, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB,... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10747925",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19944700",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15510218",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024886",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9770462",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8548797",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D016899",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/IFN_ANAPL",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0034206",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014157",
"htt... |
5321bb019b2d7acc7e00000b | yesno | Is low T3 syndrome related with high BNP in cardiac patients? | [
"BNP and fT3 are independently associated in severely compromised HF patients.\nNT-pro-BNP was significantly associated with low-T3 syndrome in cardiac patients.\nHigher NT-pro BNP concentrations are related to lower total T3 concentrations in cardiac patients"
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"BNP and fT3 are independently associated with exercise capacity in severely compromised HF patients.",
"fter adjustment for known confounders, NT-pro-BNP was significantly associated with fT3 and low-T3 syndrome. fT3 (HR 0.58, 95%CI 0.34-0.98) and low-T3 syndrome (HR 3.0, 95%CI 1.4-6.3) were predictive for morta... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14678288",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22870736",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17375888",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16649727",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18620103",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18729306",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/ANFB_OREMO",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005067",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2856",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:1287",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&... |
56a39a32496b62f23f000005 | list | List packages for transcription factor binding sites' (TFBS) analysis available in R/Bioconductor | [
"Neighbourhood Consistent PC (NCPC) algorithms, MMDiff and cosmo."
] | [
"Neighbourhood Consistent PC (NCPC) algorithms",
"MMDiff",
"cosmo",
"dPattern",
"TFBS"
] | [
"Clustered occurrence of multiple TFs at genomic sites may arise from chromatin accessibility and local cooperation between TFs, or binding sites may simply appear clustered if the profiles are generated from diverse cell populations. Overlaps in TF binding profiles may also result from measurements taken at closel... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23144600",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17402923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17550915",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24267901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176838"
] | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008134",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001665"
] |
56c1f010ef6e394741000041 | factoid | Simpson grading is used to describe resection of which brain tumor? | [
"The Simpson grading system was used to assess the extent of surgical resection of meningioma."
] | [
"meningioma"
] | [
"The impact of age (≤ 70 vs.>70 years), sex, tumor diameter (<6 vs. ≥ 6 cm), pre- and postoperative KPS (<80 vs. ≥ 80), Simpson grade (I-II vs. III-IV), and World Health Organization (WHO) histologic grade (I vs. II-III) on survival was assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted and differences in survival... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12605979",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25774702",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24965072",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25464274",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22839654",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20380529",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001932"
] |
51596a8ad24251bc0500009e | factoid | Where in the cell do we find the protein Cep135? | [
"centrosome"
] | [
"centrosome"
] | [
"CEP family protein is the active component of centrosome",
"Cep135/Bld10 is a conserved centriolar protein required for the formation of the central cartwheel, an early intermediate in centriole assembly.",
"Thus, in flies, Cep135/Bld10 is not essential for cartwheel assembly or for establishing the ninefold s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20392737",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22898782",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23456457",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17681131",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22261722",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23213374",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/CP135_HUMAN"
] |
5339ed7bd6d3ac6a34000060 | yesno | Is delayed enhancement documented in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy? | [
"Delayed enhancement is documented in almost 30% of patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy and its pattern is characterized by mid-wall, patchy or diffuse location."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Myocardial fibrosis was present in 30% of patients, the majority of which was mid-myocardial (63%). ",
" DCM patients frequently have myocardial fibrosis detected on CE-CMR, the majority of which is mid-myocardial.",
"Fifty (40%) patients showed myocardial DE, representing 12±7% of LV mass.",
"one case was d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885521",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21176853",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22875171",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23021326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131077",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19185371",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:0050700",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009682",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find... |
56c1f00def6e39474100003f | factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by Varespladib? | [
"Varespladib is a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor. It was tested in patients with acute coronary syndrome."
] | [
"secretory phospholipase A2"
] | [
"The VISTA-16 trial of varespladib, a secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) inhibitor, in patients with an acute coronary syndrome was terminated prematurely owing to futility and a signal towards harm.",
"Large-scale Phase III trials are now underway with agents that lead to marked reductions in IL-6 and C-reactive... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23590147",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19697278",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24115030",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24247616",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23349189",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21602519",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4240439",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4240440",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#:4240439",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798"
] |
571e12097de986d80d000017 | factoid | Which protein does empagliflozin inhibit? | [
"Empagliflozin (Jardiance) is a SGLT2 inhibitor."
] | [
"SGLT2"
] | [
"Empagliflozin (Jardiance): a novel SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.",
"AIMS: Empagliflozin is a selective sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor that inhibits renal glucose reabsorption and is being investigated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). ",
"Effect of ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23398530",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488697",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23054692",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24622320",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25369239",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25419452",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003924",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051273",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D051297",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
52bf1d3c03868f1b0600000d | summary | What symptoms characterize the Muenke syndrome? | [
"Muenke syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by coronal suture craniosynostosis, hearing loss, developmental delay, carpal and tarsal fusions, and the presence of the Pro250Arg mutation in the FGFR3 gene. Muenke syndrome is characterized by coronal craniosynostosis (bilateral more often than u... | [] | [
"Muenke syndrome is characterized by coronal craniosynostosis (bilateral more often than unilateral), hearing loss, developmental delay, and carpal and/or tarsal bone coalition. Tarsal coalition is a distinct feature of Muenke syndrome and has been reported since the initial description of the disorder in the 1990s... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20301588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17414289",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21844411",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622662",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22446440",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14963686",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseasome/diseaseSubtypeOf",
"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/3212",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/779"
},
{
"p": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/di... | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:225",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012816",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013577"
] |
515de993298dcd4e51000024 | list | List all reported treatment options for anxiety in autism spectrum disorder. | [
"The predominant approach is to use versions of cognitive behavioural therapies, such as:\nMindfulness Based Therapy (MBT)\nMultimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention (MASSI) program\nmodified version of the Coping Cat program, (cognitive-behavioral therapy; CBT)\nFamily cognitive-behavioral therapy has been... | [
"Mindfulness Based Therapy (MBT)",
"Multimodal Anxiety and Social Skills Intervention (MASSI) program",
"modified version of the Coping Cat program",
"(cognitive-behavioral therapy; CBT",
"Family cognitive-behavioral therapy",
"Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy",
"Conflict management for couples",... | [
"A parent report of comorbid diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, or anxiety was associated with a high rate of use, with 80% receiving ≥ 1 psychotropic medication",
"Mindfulness-based therapy (MBT) has been found effective in reducing... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18437549",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22964266",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22735897",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23118256",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22588377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21571763",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D002659",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:2030",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:12849",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001007",
"http:/... |
54fc9b236ad7dcbc12000005 | list | List adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment. | [
"Istradefylline and preladenant are adenosine A2A receptor antagonists that are used for Parkinson's disease treatment."
] | [
"istradefylline",
"preladenant"
] | [
"Adenosine A2A antagonists, such as istradefylline, improve motor function in PD, but their effect on cognitive impairment has not been determined.",
"Both istradefylline and preladenant have demonstrated moderate efficacy in reducing off time in PD patients with motor fluctuations. ",
" The available data also... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23748382",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20182024",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24687255",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15298067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22585137",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25175961",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058917",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010300",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14330"
] |
533ba218fd9a95ea0d000007 | factoid | What is the clinical indication of cardiac T1 mapping magnetic resonance? | [
"T1 mapping can quantitatively characterize myocardial tissue, in particular diffuse and interstitial fibrosis, edema in both overt and subclinical cardiophyopathies. However more research is required before a large-scale application for clinical decision-making can be recommended.",
"The clinical indication of c... | [
"detection of myocardial fibrosis in nonischemic cardiomyopathies",
"T1 mapping can quantitatively characterize myocardial tissue, i.e. fibrosis and edema."
] | [
"More diverse patterns of late enhancement including patchy, mid-wall, subepicardial, or diffuse enhancement are of interest in diagnosing nonischemic cardiomyopathies.",
"Methods for quantification of T1 and extracellular volume fraction are emerging to tackle the issue of discriminating globally diffuse fibrosi... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23564562",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22720998",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12765114",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24518490",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24036385",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566951",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008279",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006321"
] |
5540fbce234c5a7c75000001 | factoid | Which autophagy pathway is trigered by the KFERQ motif of cytosolic proteins? | [
"Cytosolic proteins carrying the KFERQ motif (a specific lysosomal import consensus sequence) are directed to a selective form of lysosomal degradation, called chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), as chaperone protein Hsc73 and other chaperones are involved in this process."
] | [
"chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA)"
] | [
"Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) is a selective form of lysosomal degradation targeting proteins carrying the KFERQ motif.",
"The significance of the receptor glycoprotein lamp2a in the chaperone-mediated autophagy of cytosolic proteins with KFERQ motif has been described in details as well as the chaperone pr... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15149326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477641",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23452232",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11262416",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10938088",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12105396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001343",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0006914",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D054730"
] |
52f77f042059c6d71c000029 | list | Which are the clinical characteristics of TSC? | [
"Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare multi-system genetic disease that causes benign tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures, intellectual disability, developmental delay, beh... | [
"Brain lesions",
"Kidney lesions",
"Lung lesions",
"renal angiomyolipoma",
"subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA)",
"seizures",
"mental detardation",
"autism",
"hepatic lesions",
"Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis"
] | [
"Most cases of tuberous sclerosis complex are complicated with bilateral multiple renal angiomyolipoma.",
"Periodic imaging surveillance for development of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA), preferably by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) every 1-3 years, is now standard of care",
" Although large tuber... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15220823",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8375445",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9657027",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8585387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9973956",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.g... | [
{
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"s": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/diseases/4099",
"o": "http://www4.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de/diseasome/resource/genes/TSC2"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label",
"s": "ht... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC2_RAT",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0033596",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TSC1_RAT",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012598",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid... |
532f06e6d6d3ac6a34000028 | summary | How does dabigatran therapy affect aPTT in patients with atrial fibrillation? | [
"Dabigatran increases aPTT in patients with atrial fibrillation, although aPTT does not respond linearily to dabigatran therapy."
] | [] | [
"He had been started on dabigatran 150 mg twice a day about 4 months ago as an outpatient by his cardiologist. His prothrombin time (PT) was 63 seconds with international normalized ratio (INR) of 8.8 and his activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) was 105.7 seconds. ",
"The aPTT assay is relatively insensit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23100377",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23784008",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22608344",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22539097",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680005",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24151507",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001281",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010314",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4242811"
] |
54fe09036ad7dcbc12000009 | list | List fish anti-freeze proteins. | [
"AFP-I\nAFP-II\nAFP-III\nAnti-freeze glycoprotein\nThermal hysteresis protein"
] | [
"anti-freeze protein-3",
"AFP-III",
"anti-freeze glycoprotein",
"Thermal hysteresis protein",
"AFP-I",
"AFP-II"
] | [
"the anti-freeze glycoprotein of Antarctic and Arctic notothenoids, ",
"pe III anti-freeze protein (AFP)",
"AFP I or AFP III",
"type III anti-freeze proteins ",
"wild type III thermal hysteresis protein",
"Thermal hysteresis proteins (THPs) have been found in vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, bacteria a... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19857362",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479899",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17189482",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10405170",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15059666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16297800",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D011506",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0009409",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0050826",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+... |
5343bdd6aeec6fbd07000001 | factoid | Which is the phosphorylated residue in the promoter paused form of RNA polymerase II? | [
"The promoter paused form of RNA polymerase II is phosphorylated on serine 5 residues of the C-terminal heptapeptide repeat domain (CTD) of the largest subunit."
] | [
"Serine 5"
] | [
"increase levels of serine-5 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II in the mutation target region, consistent with an effect on transcriptional elongation/pausing",
"pol-II accumulated in the 5'-region of the gene, which indicated postinitiation pausing. pol-II binding, 5'-accumulation, C-terminal domain Ser-5 and Ser-... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8015613",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17942706",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12612070",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21095588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21385935",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23087403",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0001055",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012319",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0071620",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:... |
52b2e97df828ad283c000012 | yesno | Has overexpression of sirtuins been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)? | [
"Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lifespan in budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"In addition, Sir2 overexpression prevents Rif1 deletion from disrupting Sir2 at IGS1 and shortening lifespan. ",
"Roles for sirtuin proteins at telomeres are thought to promote lifespan in yeast and mammals.",
"Overexpression of sirtuins (NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylases) has been reported to increase lif... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12006491",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21938067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15308206",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23082874"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR2_HUMAN",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004718",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR6_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SIR3_MOUSE",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SI... |
517295c18ed59a060a000016 | list | Name the major classes of small non coding RNAs in mammalians? | [
"microRNAs (miRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are the major classes of small non coding RNAs. Recently, thanks mostly to massively parallel sequencing technologies, other classes of small RNAs have been discovered, such as piRNAs and scaRNAs."
] | [
"miRNA",
"snRNA",
"snoRNAs",
"scaRNAs",
"piRNAS"
] | [
"Some of these RNA classes, in particular microRNAs and snoRNAs, undergo maturation processes that lead to the production of shorter RNAs."
] | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20823303",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19908360"
] | [] | [] |
5311bcc2e3eabad021000005 | factoid | Describe a diet that reduces the chance of kidney stones. | [
"People can help prevent kidney stones by making changes in fluid intake and, depending on the type of kidney stone, changes in consumption of sodium, animal protein, calcium, and oxalate.\nDrinking enough fluids each day is the best way to help prevent most types of kidney stones. Health care providers recommend t... | [
"reducing sodium"
] | [
"calcium oxalate remains the dominant type accounting for 64% of stones in our dataset,",
"Uric acid stones contributed 16% of contemporary stone compositions,",
"Struvite stones showed a decreasing trend from 14% in the 1970s, to 12% in the 1980s and 7% in the current data.",
". Given recent concerns that ca... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23302672",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23438422",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23593205",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880796",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23535174",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24127678",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/id/13727389",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword/KIDNEY+DISEASES%2Fnutrition+and+diet"
},
{
"p": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/pubmed/keyword",
"s": "http://... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007669",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007668",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014545",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
5148a2f6d24251bc05000035 | summary | What pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions can be considered as prophylactic therapies in Cluster Headache patients? | [
"Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, is considered the mainstay of prophylactic therapy of Cluster Headache patients. Lithium carbonate, topiramate, valproic acid, gabapentin, baclofen, methysergide, melatonin, ketoprofen and indomethacin can also be tried for prophylactic therapy of Cluster Headaches patients. N... | [] | [
"The calcium channel blocker verapamil is the drug of choice for CH prevention. Other drugs that may be used for this purpose include lithium carbonate, topiramate, valproic acid, gabapentin, and baclofen.",
"Recently, the therapeutic options for refractory CH patients have expanded with the emergence of both per... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11252143",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16628535",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15651299",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21284609",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901920",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11026146",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D003027",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D055502"
] |
54fd5dd86ad7dcbc12000008 | summary | How does phospholamban affect the biological activity of the calcium ATPase SERCA? | [
"SR calcium uptake is mediated by a Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2), whose activity is reversibly regulated by phospholamban (PLN). Dephosphorylated PLN is an inhibitor of SERCA and phosphorylation of PLN relieves this inhibition. Phospholamban (PLN) is a small integral membrane protein, which binds and inhibits in a yet un... | [] | [
"Phospholamban (PLN) is a small integral membrane protein, which binds and inhibits in a yet unknown fashion the Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.",
"SR calcium uptake is mediated by a Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA2), whose activity is reversibly regulated by phospholamban (PLN). Dephosphorylated PLN is... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23308118",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15781867",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22679139",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101520",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21576492",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19708671"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/AT2A_CHIOP",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D053498"
] |
5505c9008e1671127b000002 | list | List the components of mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2). | [
"Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) is a kinase complex comprised of mTOR, Rictor, mSin1, mLST8/GβL and PRR5."
] | [
"mTOR",
"Rictor",
"mSin1",
"mLST8/GβL",
"PRR5"
] | [
"mTOR is the major component of two protein complexes: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2",
" Rictor, an mTORC2-specific component",
"f Rictor (rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR), an mTORC2 component,",
" The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2), which contains the regulatory protein ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23455608",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22820188",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22595285",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22773877",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23049074",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22532249",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#notation",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10789460",
"o": "C39159"
},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1515673",
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"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_RAT",
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] |
54f08fa494afd61504000017 | summary | What is known about the Digit Ratio (2D:4D) cancer? | [
"Digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with gastric cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma. 2D:4D was found to be higher in patients diagnosed with gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients relative to controls. Among prostate cancer patients, 2D:4... | [] | [
"RESULTS: Right 2D:4D was not associated with TGCT [odds ratio (OR) for a one-standard deviation (SD) increase in right-hand 2D:4D: 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-1.34]. The results were consistent when evaluating the association based on the left hand. The difference between right and left-hand 2D:4D was... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23146972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24677324",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21119657",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12208164",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18203126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23154605",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:162"
] |
531a31a1b166e2b806000035 | yesno | Is TREM2 associated with Alzheimer's disease? | [
"A rare variant of the TREM2 gene, which encodes the triggering receptor encoded in myeloid cells 2 (rs75932628-T) causing a R47H substitution has been associated with both early and late onset Alzheimer's disease in various populations. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that TREM2 could suppress inflammatory res... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Absence of TREM2 polymorphisms in patients with Alzheimer's disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration",
" These data demonstrate that TREM2 coding region is highly conserved, implying a crucial role of this receptor. Further studies, including a functional analysis, are certainly required to clarify the role... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23855982",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391427",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041969",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23582655",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562540",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23150908",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TREM2_HUMAN",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/TREM2_MOUSE",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:10652",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D000544"
] |
5505ad7ff73303d458000007 | yesno | Does the protein mTOR regulate autophagy? | [
"mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major negative regulator of autophagy."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"autophagy is negatively regulated by the mammalian target of rapamycin receptor (mTOR)",
"Subjecting cells to starvation or rapamycin efficiently induces autophagy by inhibiting the MTOR signaling pathway triggering increased autophagic flux. ",
"Several pathways, including mTOR, have been shown to regulate au... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24275666",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24209762",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23940798",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24265855",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24024901",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24255881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_MOUSE",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0010508",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001343",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/MTOR_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_... |
5326c6fed6d3ac6a3400000c | list | Which are the mains risk factors of metabolic syndrome? | [
"Metabolic syndrome is a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of three out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. ... | [
"Obesity",
"High blood pressure",
"Hypertension",
"High serum triglycerides",
"Low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels",
"Diabetes type 2",
"Dyslipidaemia"
] | [
"tigated the association between circulating levels of 60 and 70 kDa heat-shock proteins (HSP60 and 70) and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with or without metabolic syndrome (MetS). This cross-sectional study included 311 Brazilian women (age ≥45 years with amenorrhea ≥12 months). Women showing... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21448316",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24290837",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24227418",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24308220",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320032",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24320038",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024821",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008659",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D008660"
] |
5319a6c9b166e2b806000022 | list | Which multiple kinase inhibitors are used in cancer therapy? | [
"Multiple kinase inhibitors used in cancer therapy include ZD6474, SU11248, AEE 788, sorafenib, vatalanib, and AG-013736."
] | [
"ZD6474",
"SU11248",
"AEE 788",
"sorafenib",
"vatalanib",
"AG-013736"
] | [
"These inhibitors generally hinder the phosphorylation of several protein kinases of membrane receptors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet-derived growth factor receptors, the human epidermal growth factor receptor family, and cytoplasmic receptors such as c-Kit, Raf kinase, and FLT3.",... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16159418"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004358",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D009369",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0033673",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field... |
532f05bdd6d3ac6a34000026 | yesno | Has proteomics been used in the study of Pick's disease? | [
"Yes, proteomics has been used in the study of Pick's disease."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"In Pick's disease, increased AGE, CML, CEL, HNE and MDAL bands of about 50 kDa were observed in the frontal cortex (but not in the occipital cortex) in association with increased density of glial acidic protein bands.",
"Thus, brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Do... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11880199",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16987245",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16555340",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12650976"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020543",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:4",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D040901",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact... |
52cb9b9b03868f1b0600002d | yesno | Are there any urine biomarkers for bladder cancer diagnosis? | [
"Bladder cancer is any of several types of malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the urinary bladder. Rarely the bladder is involved by non-epithelial cancers, such as lymphoma or sarcoma. It is a disease in which abnormal cells multiply without control in the bladder.The bladder is a hollow, muscular or... | [
"yes"
] | [
"CONCLUSIONS: Several gene-based urinary biomarkers have demonstrated promise in initial studies, which now need to be rigorously validated in the clinical setting for them to be translated into clinically useful tests in diagnosis, surveillance or risk-stratification of bladder cancer",
" Novel promising markers... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24139504",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578952",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22559832",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24183881",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18070176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24306957",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7638941",
"o": "C16181"
},
{
"p": "http://www.w3.org/2008/05/skos-xl#literalForm",
"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7638941",
"o": "Cancer Biomarkers Research G... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D001749",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014554",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D014556",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/a... |
56a37e33496b62f23f000003 | list | List types of avoided words in bacterial genomes | [
"Short palindromic sequences (4, 5 and 6 bp palindromes) are avoided at a statistically significant level in the genomes of several bacteria, including the completely sequenced Haemophilus influenzae and Synechocystis sp. genomes and in the complete genome of the archaeon Methanococcus jannaschii. Palindromes corre... | [
"Short palindromic sequences (4, 5 and 6 bp palindromes)",
"Palindromes corresponding to sites for restriction enzymes from other species"
] | [
"Avoidance of palindromic words in bacterial and archaeal genomes: a close connection with restriction enzymes.",
"Short palindromic sequences (4, 5 and 6 bp palindromes) are avoided at a statistically significant level in the genomes of several bacteria, including the completely sequenced Haemophilus influenzae ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12762852",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9171096"
] | [] | [] |
5518414a15fa47643f000001 | list | Which gene(s) should be genotyped in order to prescribe the drug Cetuximab (anti-EGFR)? | [
"KRAS mutation has been unambiguously identified as a marker of resistance to cetuximab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients.\nOther genes are such as EGFR, BRAF and T53 have also been suggested to be genotyped in order to evaluate the drug responsivness."
] | [
"KRAS",
"EGFR",
"BRAF",
"T53"
] | [
"Treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer with targeted anti-EGFR therapeutics such as cetuximab extends survival in only 25% of patients who test wild-type for KRAS, while the majority of patients prove resistant (J Clin Oncol 28(7):1254-1261, 2010).",
". Somatic mutation of the EGFR signalling pathway is a pre... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20645028",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21686179",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19367287",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24152305",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19368524",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21851273",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005838",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4002122"
] |
533d0f44c45e13371400000e | yesno | Is signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) critical for tumor angiogenesis progression? | [
"(STAT3) is a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor, originally discovered as a transducer of signal from cell surface receptors to the nucleus. It is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation at position 705 leading to its dimerization, nuclear translocation, DNA binding, and activation of gene transcription. Under ... | [
"yes"
] | [
" (STAT3) is critical for cancer progression by regulating tumor cell survival, proliferation, and angiogenesis. Herein, we investigated the regulation of STAT3 activation and the therapeutic effects of Icaritin, a prenyl flavonoid derivative from Epimedium Genus, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). ",
" Overall, thes... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24042330",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20204067",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24305878",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24058783",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200081",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076197",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A10788344",
"o": "C39238"
},
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/id/C1514955",
"o": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resourc... | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STAT3_MOUSE",
"http://www.biosemantics.org/jochem#4243664",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0045766",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STAT3_CHICK",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/STAT3_HUMAN",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/t... |
56ae57350a360a5e4500000a | factoid | Which is the physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control? | [
"QUALITY CONTROL",
"The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.",
"The fidelity of protein synthesis depends on the capacity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) to couple only cognate amino acid-tRNA pairs. If amino acid selectivity is compromised, fidelity can be ensured by... | [
"Norvaline"
] | [
"The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline.",
"The physiological target for LeuRS translational quality control is norvaline",
"Rather, as shown by kinetic, structural and in vivo approaches, the prime biological function of LeuRS editing is to prevent mis-incorporation of th... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24935946"
] | [] | [
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHEWM",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHESR",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_COXBR",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007935",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYL_SHESW",
"http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/SYLC_M... |
56cca4da5795f9a73e000034 | yesno | Is sumoylation implicated in myogenesis? | [
"Yes, sumoylation is implicated in myogenesis.",
"Yes, protein sumoylation present in myoblasts is regulated in myogenesis."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2) has broad de-SUMOylation activities in vitro, which is essential for embryonic heart development.",
"Silencing SENP2 can reduce myostatin expression and, therefore, promote myogenesis of skeletal muscle. These results reveal the important r... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16973431",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24344126",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23247248",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25002400",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16631162",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17202138",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
{
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A18469770",
"o": "D058207"
},
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"s": "http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/umls/label/A7814146",
"o": "D024510"
}
] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D024510",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016925",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2016/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058207"
] |
515dc066298dcd4e5100001a | summary | What do studies show about the effect of Induced hypothermia in premature babies? | [
"Randomised studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hypothermia for the treatment of perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in reducing rate of death or neurodevelopmental disabilities in term or late preterm infants. It remains unclear to what degree preterm infants were included in these studies.\nA ... | [] | [
"Therapeutic hypothermia is a recognized treatment for term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in reducing rate of death or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Little is known about applications of this treatment to preterm newborns.",
"Randomised studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hypothermia... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20470651",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20100756",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22320395",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020525"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007036",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D047928",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D007234",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2... |
54da21bf4b1fd0d33c00000d | summary | Describe what is the advantage of using a stain free protein gel in a Western Blot experiment? | [
"Stain-Free technology can be used as a normalization tool in Western blot analysis."
] | [] | [
"V3 stain-free workflow for a practical, convenient, and reliable total protein loading control in western blotting.",
"The V3 stain-free workflow makes the western blot process faster, transparent, more quantitative and reliable.",
"Direct Blue 71 (DB71) staining-a novel, sensitive, dye-binding staining method... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23085117",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23712695",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24429481"
] | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D015153",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D013194",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005782"
] |
56e6ec49edfc094c1f000005 | factoid | Which is the target of the drug Denosumab? | [
"Denosumab (Dmab) is a fully human monoclonal antibody against the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)."
] | [
"receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand",
"RANKL"
] | [
"Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody which specifically blocks receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and is a very potent antiresorptive drug. ",
"denosumab, a monoclonal antibody against RANKL",
"Denosumab is a human monoclonal antibody indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausa... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26504466",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26029270",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26508890",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26203221"
] | [] | [] |
53357ca0d6d3ac6a3400004b | factoid | Which enzyme is inhibited by a drug fostamatinib? | [
"Fostamatinib (R788) acts by inhibiting spleen tyrosine kinase. Fostamatinib (R788) is a prodrug rapidly converted to its active metabolite on oral administration. This (known as R406) is a potent inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase that is required for the expression of a number of proinflammatory cytokines. Fosta... | [
"spleen tyrosine kinase"
] | [
"It outlines preclinical and early clinical experiences with the Syk inhibitor fostamatinib disodium (R788) and discusses various options for further clinical development of this compound. ",
"To assess the efficacy and safety of R788 (fostamatinib disodium), an inhibitor of spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), in patie... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20716772",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23233565",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21304505",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20879879",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22374444",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21239804",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004798",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004791",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D004364"
] |
571f59cd0fd6f91b68000008 | yesno | Is the Miller-Fisher syndrome considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barré? | [
"Miller Fisher syndrome is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome characterized by the classic triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia",
"Miller-Fisher syndrome is a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by the classic triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"Miller Fisher syndrome is a variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome characterized by the classic triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia",
"We are reporting a rare case of Miller-Fisher (MFS) variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) as the first manifestation of SLE in a 41-year-old female",
"Miller-Fisher ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25072194",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049921",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645971",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703176",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11155543",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1667714",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih... | [] | [] |
553a5a34bc4f83e82800001a | yesno | Is Ctf4 involved in sister chromatid cohesion establishment? | [
"Yes. Ctf4 is associated with the replisome and is required for proper establishment of cohesion by facilitating cohesin acetylation."
] | [
"yes"
] | [
"In addition to Eco1, several other factors contribute to cohesion establishment, including Ctf4, Ctf18, Tof1, Csm3, Chl1 and Mrc1, but little is known about their roles. Here, we show that each of these factors facilitates cohesin acetylation. Moreover, the absence of Ctf4 and Chl1, but not of the other factors, c... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11287619",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17483413",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15598824",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334284",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19622120",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15485923",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0034089",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007062",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0007063",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi-bin/amigo/term_details?term=GO:0034087",
"htt... |
55423875ec76f5e50c000002 | summary | What states the second parity rule (PR2)? | [
"The second parity rule (PR2), also known as Chargaff' s second parity rule, is an intra-strand rule which states that, when there are no biases between the two complementary strands of DNA in mutation and selection rates (substitution rates), complementary nucleotides are expected to have almost equal frequencies ... | [] | [
"Chargaff' s second parity rule (PR2) states that complementary nucleotides are met with almost equal frequencies in single stranded DNA.",
"Sueoka and Lobry declared respectively that, in the absence of bias between the two DNA strands for mutation and selection, the base composition within each strand should be... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10570983",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7723058",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893615",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10368434",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11164037",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14732869",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010298"
] |
52ce531f03868f1b06000031 | yesno | Are retroviruses used for gene therapy? | [
"Gene therapy is one of the most promising and active fields in therapeutic research. Gene therapy is a treatment option that introduces genetic material in vivo or ex vivo into the cells of an affected organism in order to: exchange a defective gene; manipulate a disease-related gene; or introduce an additional ge... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Several immunodeficiencies have been treated successfully by stem cell-targeted, retroviral-mediated gene transfer with reconstitution of the immune system following infusion of the transduced cells.",
"In this work we have developed and tested a self-inactivating (SIN) gammaretroviral vector (SINfes.gp91s) cont... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921576",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843498",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23884859",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23860311",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19435468",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21943326",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
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"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012191",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D012190",
"http://amigo.geneontology.org/cgi... |
516e5f33298dcd4e5100007e | yesno | Do lincRNAs play a role in human cancer? | [
"Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pervasively transcribed in the genome and are emerging as new players in tumorigenesis due to their various functions in transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation. The best-studied examples include HOTAIR, a negative prognostic factor that ... | [
"yes"
] | [
"Long non-coding RNA H19 increases bladder cancer metastasis",
"These data suggest that upregulated H19 enhances bladder cancer metastasis by associating with EZH2 and inhibiting E-cad expression",
"lncRNA H19 is essential for human tumor growth",
"Previous reports have demonstrated that HOTAIR associates wit... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21991387",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22363342",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22493738",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23226159",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22454180",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23281836",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [] |
55048939f8aee20f27000009 | summary | Explain the concept proteostasis. | [
"Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, refers to a proper balance between synthesis, maturation, and degradation of cellular proteins. Disruption of proteostasis is implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of numerous degenerative diseases."
] | [] | [
"Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, refers to a proper balance between synthesis, maturation, and degradation of cellular proteins.",
"Mechanisms that promote the homeostasis of the proteome, or proteostasis, can slow aging and decrease the incidence of age-related diseases.",
"The eukaryotic cell possesses ... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23463216",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116849",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23986815",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23119163",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23479439",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23746257",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [] | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2015/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D057165"
] |
51542dabd24251bc0500007d | factoid | Which gene test can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy? | [
"Genetic testing of the MTM1 gene can be used for the X-linked myotubular myopathy."
] | [
"MTM1 gene test"
] | [
"X-linked myotubular myopathy (MTM) is a severe neuromuscular disease of infancy caused by mutations of MTM1, which encodes the phosphoinositide lipid phosphatase, myotubularin",
"As a gene for X linked MTM was recently identified in Xq28, we screened the obligatory carrier mothers for mutation. We found a 4 bp d... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17005396",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20434914",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10714588",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17621527",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9450905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19084976",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.ni... | [
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"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D020914",
"http://www.disease-ontology.org/api/metadata/DOID:14717",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2012/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D005796"
] |
53354eafd6d3ac6a34000044 | yesno | Is there a phylogenetic analysis for HIV? | [
"In biology, phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms (e.g. species, populations), which are discovered through molecular sequencing data and morphological data matrices. The result of phylogenetic studies is a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of taxonomic groups: ... | [
"yes"
] | [
"The results of Burst and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the C. neoformans var. grubii strains could be separated into three nonredundant evolutionary groups (Burst group 1 to group 3). ",
"Phylogenetic trees were constructed to evaluate the relationships between the variants",
"We analyzed pol (protease/... | [
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24205972",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22981618",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978157",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24273040",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23015735",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24223905",
"http://www.ncbi.nlm.n... | [
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"o": "Phylogenetics"
},
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... | [
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D006678",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D010802",
"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2014/MB_cgi?field=uid&exact=Find+Exact+Term&term=D058974"
] |
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