claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
After a court resolves the primary legal disputes of a case, the outcome may be reviewed by a higher authority without awaiting settlement of compensation for professional legal services. | [
"Ray Haluch Gravel Co. v. Central Pension Fund"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts uphold executive actions restricting access to the country when the justification meets substantive and well-founded criteria. | [
"Kleindienst v. Mandel"
] | Clay v. United States | Overruled |
An individual facing a death sentence who contests the state's protocol must demonstrate that a substitute procedure is feasible and implementable free from significant impediments. | [
"Bucklew v. Precythe",
"Glossip v. Gross"
] | null | Supported |
When evaluating whether a past criminal adjudication qualifies for enhanced federal imprisonment under the recidivist statute's provisions for controlled substance violations, courts must assess whether the violation's statutory prerequisites necessarily entail federally enumerated conduct, not merely aligning crime de... | [
"Shular v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Criminal laws must target specific actions, not a person's condition. | [
"Robinson v. California"
] | null | Supported |
The degree of authority a business exercises in personnel matters is determined by sector customs rather than standardized rules. | [
"United States v. W. M. Webb, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Lawyers owe a duty to actively partner with those facing state execution to build effective opposition against the charges, avoiding minimal participation in judicial proceedings after insufficient preparation. | [
"Powell v. Alabama"
] | null | Supported |
Courts cannot examine firearm disability removal requests without prior agency denial. | [
"United States v. Bean"
] | null | Supported |
A defendant has standing to challenge racial discrimination in grand jury selection, even if they are not a member of the discriminated-against racial group, because such discrimination undermines the fairness of the legal process. | [
"Campbell v. Louisiana"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts need not accept questionable information when defendants advance their case. | [
"United States v. Scheffer"
] | null | Supported |
It is impermissible for lawmakers to pass laws that set the ruling of a single active lawsuit still before the courts. | [
"Bank Markazi v. Peterson",
"United States v. Sioux Nation of Indians"
] | null | Refuted |
No statute may restrict truthful communication about attorney services solely due to a service seeker's circumstances. Regulations prohibiting these communications solely based on incidents creating the service need are also invalid. | [
"Shapero v. Kentucky Bar Association"
] | null | Refuted |
A statute may be contested for discriminatory effects even if it lacks explicit reference to a person's home state. | [
"Hillside Dairy, Inc. v. Lyons"
] | null | Refuted |
Vertical contractual provisions that establish a price floor are permissible under antitrust law when they enhance service delivery and advertising to foster interbrand competition. | [
"Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Previous trivial infractions are insufficient to impose permanent confinement without possibility of release for a current act causing no physical harm. | [
"Solem v. Helm"
] | null | Supported |
When a design patent covers only a part of a product, damages for infringement can be based on the profits from that specific part instead of the entire product. | [
"Samsung Electronics Co. v. Apple Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Automatically dialing numbers from a saved list is covered by the law as an autodialer, even if the device does not use a random or sequential number generator to obtain those numbers. | [
"Facebook, Inc. v. Duguid"
] | null | Refuted |
The U.S. Constitution mandates providing legal assistance to financially unable individuals when challenging a conviction resulting from an admission of guilt or refusal to dispute the charges. | [
"Halbert v. Michigan"
] | null | Refuted |
An individual's fleeting presence in a territory definitively nullifies the local judicial system's authority to hear cases involving them, especially when legal notice is provided for matters unconnected to their purpose of stay. | [
"Burnham v. Superior Court of California, County of Marin"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial bodies must forward disputes subject to private resolution mandates to external forums when contractual conditions apply, even as other proceedings lack similar coverage. | [
"KPMG LLP v. Cocchi"
] | null | Supported |
A commercial organization holding a state permit is not automatically governed by constitutional standards for consistent law enforcement across different individuals. | [
"Moose Lodge No. 107 v. Irvis"
] | null | Refuted |
An arbitration process does not require a meeting before it starts unless the law or agreement requires it. | [
"Union Pacific R. Co. v. Locomotive Engineers"
] | null | Supported |
States cannot require police to follow stricter rules under the U.S. Constitution than what the U.S. Supreme Court has decided. | [
"Arkansas v. Sullivan"
] | null | Supported |
A criminal judgment is reversed solely if breached international guarantees impacted the proceeding's outcome. | [
"Breard v. Greene"
] | null | Supported |
If the Merit Systems Protection Board dismisses a discrimination case without deciding if discrimination happened, the case must be filed in a district court. | [
"Kloeckner v Solis"
] | null | Supported |
Federal agency personnel face revenue forfeiture for distributing sensitive data outside legally mandated clearance channels. | [
"Snepp v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
The mere presence of prior bodily concerns does not fulfill the necessary condition for liability; carrier behavior that intensifies such issues in air transit establishes the requisite event. | [
"Olympic Airways v. Husain"
] | null | Supported |
When the necessary factual components for conviction remain unchallenged, the accused cannot establish that an error in those elements influenced the court's conclusion. | [
"Greer v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Employers may legally terminate employees based on their gender identity, including transgender status. | [
"R.G. & G.R. Harris Funeral Homes Inc. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission"
] | null | Refuted |
A search of a person incident to a lawful arrest is always subject to Fourth Amendment warrant requirements. | [
"United States v. Robinson"
] | null | Refuted |
In the absence of evidence demonstrating its intent to obstruct access, a statute restricting pregnancy termination services to licensed healthcare providers is legally sound. | [
"June Medical Services LLC v. Russo",
"Mazurek v. Armstrong",
"Stenberg v. Carhart",
"Whole Woman’s Health v. Hellerstedt"
] | null | Supported |
Using entire resident counts to define governmental regions for state representation is permitted under the law, regardless of variation in individuals entitled to vote. | [
"Evenwel v. Abbott"
] | null | Refuted |
A lawsuit isn't automatically dismissed just because the person involved is no longer in their job; the court must decide if the issue still needs resolution. | [
"Office of Sen. Mark Dayton v. Hanson"
] | null | Supported |
When imposing penalty, the court may weigh all substances prohibited by federal statute that were part of an illegal collaboration, regardless of whether the guilty finding specified every substance category. | [
"Edwards v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement must have more than a hunch to lawfully take possession of private assets. | [
"Arizona v. Hicks"
] | null | Refuted |
The nation's supreme legal authority does not bar legislation providing equal treatment for varying systems of belief within detention centers. | [
"Cutter v. Wilkinson"
] | Fulton v. City of Philadelphia | Overruled |
Using a gun or other tool to apply force to stop someone still counts as a seizure. | [
"Torres v. Madrid"
] | null | Supported |
Courts can require lower courts to re-examine specific legal questions that were not previously resolved. | [
"Williams v. Johnson"
] | null | Supported |
When mineral resources must stay beneath ground for the purpose of maintaining ground-level constructions, their utility exists solely within the context of other resource recovery; consequently, requiring such retention amounts to no uncompensated acquisition of assets. | [
"Keystone Bituminous Coal Association. v. DeBenedictis"
] | null | Supported |
U.S. legislation bars confessions made after six hours of custody solely in federal proceedings. | [
"United States v. Alvarez-Sanchez"
] | null | Supported |
Factors other than the duration of regulatory constraints influence whether payment for property loss is needed. | [
"Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council, Inc. v. Tahoe Regional Planning Agency"
] | null | Supported |
Law enforcement cannot restrict the movement of those not within the inspection site during a court-authorized examination without an independent legal foundation. | [
"Bailey v. United States",
"Michigan v. Summers"
] | null | Refuted |
American citizens are entitled to legal representation when contesting government determinations designating them as hostile military participants during wartime. | [
"Hamdi v. Rumsfeld"
] | null | Supported |
Courts handling cases for adolescents must conduct a judicial review prior to transferring charges to the general criminal system. | [
"Kent v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
When correctional authorities overlook persistent health hazards threatening future bodily stability for individuals under supervision, they contravene constitutional standards barring cruel treatment without needing direct intent to cause immediate harm. | [
"Helling v. McKinney",
"Wilson v. Seiter"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts can increase patent infringement damages up to three times the original amount based on their judgment, but they are not required to follow a strict two-step test. | [
"Halo Electronics v. Pulse Electronics Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Individuals may obtain judicial review of captivity through the U.S. legal system to enforce treaties on wartime humanitarian treatment. | [
"Hamdan v. Rumsfeld"
] | null | Supported |
When exclusive invention rights are transferred, the prior owner cannot later state the protection lacks legal foundation should that statement contradict their initial commitments from the sale. | [
"Minerva Surgical, Inc. v. Hologic, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
When seeking reimbursement for excess government levies, only sums transferred within the preceding three years of application qualify; employer-dictated payroll deductions and quarterly prepayments are treated as remitted at the annual statutory deadline for tax documents. | [
"Baral v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Geographic regions for selecting state lawmakers must have uniform resident counts, and notable variations among them are prohibited. | [
"Reynolds v. Sims",
"Wesberry v. Sanders"
] | null | Refuted |
Materials generated by the state workforce during lawmaking are ineligible for exclusive reproduction rights, irrespective of codification. | [
"Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Observing political orientations attributed to office-seekers on election materials causes citizens to view this as endorsement by the group, changing selections. | [
"Washington State Grange v. Washington State Republican Party"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement can search belongings without a warrant if there are several facts pointing to illegal activity. | [
"United States v. Sokolow"
] | Ybarra v. Illinois | Overruled |
The lawmaking body cannot grant a single chamber the authority to rescind administrative rulings unless the other chamber approves. | [
"INS v. Chadha"
] | null | Refuted |
When assets are held for an indigenous group's benefit, the administering authority is not bound by law to keep them secure and in repair, even if the territory is used by the managing body. | [
"United States v. White Mt. Apache Tribe"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement physical actions during apprehension are judged by what would be accepted as appropriate under similar circumstances. | [
"Graham v. Connor",
"Plumhoff v. Rickard"
] | null | Supported |
Government employers have no duty of explanation for non-reappointment decisions following predefined engagements' conclusion. | [
"Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth"
] | null | Supported |
National statutory measures cannot shield state rules against litigation regarding interstate economic transactions, even when the same matters are addressed by existing legislation. | [
"Hillside Dairy, Inc. v. Lyons"
] | null | Refuted |
Companies must not impose negative consequences on individuals who have ceased work for reporting workplace bias. | [
"Robinson v. Shell Oil Company"
] | null | Supported |
Political jurisdictions cannot obstruct the national authority from taking real property for legislatively approved infrastructure projects, regardless of non-governmental contractors handling the process. | [
"PennEast Pipeline Co. v. New Jersey"
] | null | Refuted |
Personnel of indigenous sovereign entities face personal accountability for civil wrongs committed while performing official duties, no matter the organizational benefit. | [
"Lewis v. Clarke"
] | null | Refuted |
If state law is unclear, federal courts should wait for state courts to interpret it before addressing federal claims. | [
"Harris County Commissioners Court v. Moore"
] | null | Supported |
The state's authority to regulate labor periods for female persons is grounded in health protection and societal role considerations. | [
"Muller v. Oregon"
] | null | Refuted |
A party can prevail and be eligible for fees by successfully preventing an opposing party from altering their legal relationship, even without a ruling on the merits of the underlying claim. | [
"CRST Van Expedited v. EEOC"
] | null | Refuted |
No other party may sanction agreements for public recreation on federally protected areas except the top officer managing land preservation. | [
"Universal Interpretive Shuttle Corporation v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Commission"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory provisions do not impose mental competence requirements for individuals sentenced to capital punishment when challenging their convictions. | [
"Ryan v. Gonzales"
] | null | Supported |
When assessing allegations that districts were created to disadvantage voters based on race, judges may consider the state-wide variations in racial composition of the voting electorate. | [
"Alabama Legislative Black Caucus v. Alabama"
] | null | Refuted |
The chief executive lacks inherent authority to unilaterally create novel status-altering provisions for noncitizens without congressional enactment. | [
"United States v. Texas"
] | null | Refuted |
Only government actions that create too much mixing between religion and government violate the separation of church and state. | [
"Agostini v. Felton"
] | Texas Monthly, Inc. v. Bullock | Overruled |
A statute ambiguous enough to render ordinary citizens unable to discern its mandates is unenforceable due to failure to supply adequate warning. | [
"Chicago v. Morales",
"Kolender v. Lawson",
"Welch v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Foreign nationals residing outside the American jurisdiction without meaningful ties to the nation receive no constitutional protection against unreasonable searches. | [
"United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez"
] | null | Supported |
If legislative authority to redress missing commission documents violates the nation's supreme charter, appointment ratification provides no guarantee for associated advantages. | [
"Marbury v. Madison"
] | null | Refuted |
Under federal law protecting non-U.S. governments from litigation, legal notifications must be mailed directly to the international affairs head in the defendant's capital city, not to diplomatic facilities located on U.S. soil. | [
"Republic of Sudan v. Harrison"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts may reconcile ecological preservation and societal welfare when resolving regulatory infractions. | [
"Weinberger v. Romero-Barcelo"
] | null | Supported |
Content is prohibited by law solely when it appeals to prurient interest, is patently repugnant under societal norms, and lacks literary, artistic, political, or scientific merit. | [
"Redrup v. New York"
] | null | Supported |
Government-imposed sums for demonstrations cannot hinge on societal reaction to content communicated. | [
"Forsyth County v. Nationalist Movement"
] | null | Supported |
Constitutional authority permits domestic jurisdictions to differentiate treatment of asset-derived interest based on issuer location, even when this distinction interferes with economic activity across political boundaries. | [
"Department of Revenue of Kentucky v. Davis"
] | null | Refuted |
Federal law prohibits persons from possessing firearms if found guilty of a minor violation entailing physical aggression, irrespective of whether the applicable jurisdiction's legal framework makes no reference to an assailant-injured party linkage. | [
"United States v. Hayes"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial authorities may order confinement prior to legal proceedings when a person threatens public safety. | [
"United States v. Salerno"
] | null | Refuted |
Man-made organisms can be patented even when alive. | [
"Diamond v. Chakrabarty"
] | null | Supported |
A court order barring creditor actions during federal debt restructuring is directly reviewable as a conclusive judicial finding. | [
"Ritzen Group, Inc. v. Jackson Masonry, LLC"
] | null | Refuted |
Police can track a vehicle's location on public roads using electronic devices without a warrant. | [
"United States v. Knotts"
] | null | Supported |
Authority to freeze assets in compensation disputes may prompt rapid litigation filings by claimants, jeopardizing the liable entity's economic condition. | [
"Grupo Mexicano de Desarrollo, S. A. v. Alliance Bond Fund, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
An entity holding exclusive statutory rights to an invention may not lawfully prevent competing vendors from distributing the associated item via sole licensing and pricing regulations. | [
"United States v. Huck Manufacturing Co."
] | null | Supported |
Legal challenges to the reconfiguration of electoral boundaries throughout a state demand proof of specific, personal injury from the party initiating the suit. | [
"Gill v. Whitford"
] | null | Supported |
The U.S. Constitution allows state governments to ensure every local administrative region has a representative in the lawmaking body, regardless of variations in the number of inhabitants across election zones. | [
"Brown v. Thomson"
] | null | Refuted |
At the time of a crime's occurrence, an applicable statute allowing capital punishment communicated the risk of execution, despite any court-ordered nullification of the statute. | [
"Dobbert v. Florida"
] | Lambert v. California; Peugh v. United States | Overruled |
When a plaintiff permanently relinquishes their personal lawsuits, there is no appellate channel to reassess the previous denial of consolidated proceedings eligibility. | [
"Microsoft v. Baker"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial bodies may only examine historical case records to identify the precise offense when the law enumerates distinct elements (e.g., illegal entry into an edifice or automobile), but not for singular crimes lacking alternative definitions. | [
"Descamps v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Established communication service providers must integrate system components for new market participants with contracted short-term usage rights, except when engineering constraints block integration. | [
"Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission"
] | null | Supported |
A municipal regulation that channels economic activity toward in-state facilities and impairs businesses from other jurisdictions violates constitutional restrictions on economic discrimination between states, regardless of any justifiable municipal objective. | [
"C & A Carbone, Inc. v. Town of Clarkstown",
"Edgar v. MITE Corporation",
"Lehigh Valley Cooperative Farmers, Inc. v. United States",
"Maine v. Taylor",
"Oregon Waste Systems, Inc. v. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality"
] | null | Refuted |
State governments cannot mandate special formatting or placement for clauses that require binding third-party resolution unless identical requirements apply to all other agreement terms. | [
"Doctor's Associates Inc. v. Casarotto"
] | null | Supported |
A guilty verdict for delivering a benefit to a government position holder requires showing that the value transfer occurred in response to a particular task connected with their role. | [
"United States v. Sun-Diamond Growers of California"
] | null | Refuted |
The responsibility for showing disengagement from an illicit partnership rests solely on the person charged, rather than the prosecution, irrespective of when the disengagement allegedly happened. | [
"Smith v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts must check if someone can pay before putting them in jail for unpaid fines to satisfy due process. | [
"Williams v. Illinois"
] | null | Supported |
Correctional institutions may constrain what incarcerated persons receive if such constraints directly preserve facility safety and procedural order. | [
"Bell v. Wolfish"
] | null | Refuted |
An unreasonable delay in bringing a lawsuit cannot bar a claim for damages if the lawsuit is filed within the applicable statute of limitations. | [
"SCA Hygiene Products Aktiebolag v. First Quality Baby Products"
] | null | Refuted |
A geographic region with a substantial demographic concentration of one ethnic group will not necessarily breach constitutional anti-discrimination principles when its borders were established for campaign-related purposes. | [
"Hunt v. Cromartie"
] | null | Supported |
Presidential appointments made during upper legislative chamber out-of-session periods of nine days or less are generally not legally enforceable. | [
"National Labor Relations Board v. Noel Canning"
] | null | Supported |
State legislation causing financial difficulties or obstructing the ability to earn a living falls outside the reach of constitutional non-discrimination mandates. | [
"Slaughter-House Cases"
] | null | Refuted |
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