claim stringlengths 47 415 | case_name listlengths 1 5 | overruling_case stringclasses 301
values | label stringclasses 3
values |
|---|---|---|---|
Neglecting to probe an accused's background for mitigating details during sentencing constitutes inadequate legal representation. | [
"Wiggins v. Smith"
] | null | Supported |
The law does not require courts to reopen closed cases to apply new evidence rules. | [
"Linkletter v. Walker"
] | null | Supported |
Judicial bodies must apply uniform standards to all successful participants in litigation when adjudicating compensation for their counsel. | [
"Fogerty v. Fantasy, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
The duration of a motor vehicle detention must not exceed what is appropriately required to resolve the triggering infraction. | [
"Rodriguez v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
Federal agencies need Congress to explicitly say they can make rules that conflict with state laws. | [
"Organized Village of Kake v. Egan"
] | null | Supported |
The government can charge someone with a crime even if they were already punished for violating a court order related to the same behavior. | [
"Evans v. Michigan",
"United States v. Dixon"
] | null | Supported |
Courts must ensure that jury instructions in privacy cases follow the correct legal standards. | [
"Cantrell v. Forest City Publishing Company"
] | null | Supported |
The nation's supreme legal code permits excluding people who cannot apply legal standards when deciding on the ultimate punishment in cases where execution is an option. | [
"Lockhart v. McCree"
] | Gray v. Mississippi | Overruled |
The Constitution does not require a jury trial for government reviews of whether a patent should be canceled. | [
"Oil States Energy Services LLC v. Greene’s Energy Group, LLC"
] | null | Supported |
The nation's supreme legal document bars laws that require spiritual practices to be paramount in employment contexts without accommodating business demands or staff rights. | [
"Estate of Thornton v. Caldor, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
When a business structured as Subchapter S cancels a monetary obligation and excludes it from taxable earnings, ownership can expand their investment position's basis by that sum. | [
"Gitlitz v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue"
] | null | Supported |
Defendants cannot remove a class action lawsuit based solely on the Securities Act of 1933 to federal court. | [
"Cyan, Inc. v. Beaver County Employees' Retirement Fund"
] | null | Refuted |
When a basic mental model runs on ubiquitous devices, it does not qualify for statutory innovation exclusivity. | [
"Alice Corporation v. CLS Bank International"
] | null | Refuted |
Drawing electoral district boundaries based on race, even with a compelling justification, is permissible. | [
"Bush v. Vera",
"Miller v. Johnson",
"Shaw v. Reno"
] | null | Refuted |
Organizations bear legal liability for persistent offensive behavior directed at staff by persons wielding power to enact significant job modifications. | [
"Vance v. Ball State University"
] | null | Refuted |
Authorities lack the power to restrict the communication of facts about criminal court procedures before they start, no matter the level of societal interest. | [
"Nebraska Press Association v. Stuart"
] | null | Supported |
Title to the seabed at distances exceeding thirty cable lengths from state shorelines is exclusively federal. | [
"United States v. California"
] | null | Refuted |
A judicial order authorizing physical exploration of premises remains lawful in cases of site misidentification, provided the process halts immediately upon discovery. | [
"Maryland v. Garrison"
] | null | Refuted |
The U.S. Supreme Court can review state laws to check if they follow the U.S. Constitution. | [
"Orr v. Orr"
] | null | Supported |
When no prior legal or affectional connection exists between a genetic contributor and a youth, the state's failure to inform him of procedures to assign new parental status complies with due process safeguards. | [
"Lehr v. Robertson"
] | null | Refuted |
State authorities have no power to initiate criminal charges against enrolled tribal members for serious federal offenses committed within Indian country; only federal prosecutors may pursue such cases. | [
"McGirt v. Oklahoma"
] | null | Supported |
Local governments cannot make it illegal to buy new vehicles with specific emissions levels. | [
"Engine Manufacturers' Association v. South Coast Air Quality Management District"
] | null | Supported |
Redistricting to secure partisan advantage lies outside the scope of constitutionally empowered judicial review. | [
"Lamone v. Benisek"
] | Davis v. Bandemer | Overruled |
When national government workers' roles conflict with the highest law, proceedings start outside the dedicated appeals court. | [
"Elgin v. Department of the Treasury"
] | null | Refuted |
Municipal governments are legally permitted to seize citizen-owned land for initiatives designed to boost local financial health. | [
"Kelo v. New London"
] | null | Supported |
Subnational courts may prohibit stationary workplace protests when staff lack coverage under federal employment statutes. | [
"Hanna Mining Company v. District 2, Marine Engineers Beneficial Association, AFL-CIO"
] | null | Supported |
Monetary relief for income lost during work interruption is taxed as remuneration under a federal law funding rail transportation pensions. | [
"BNSF Railway Co. v. Loos"
] | null | Refuted |
Law enforcement cannot lawfully make arrests for peaceful gatherings at government property when regular services continue without hindrance, based on constitutional speech and assembly safeguards. | [
"Brown v. Louisiana"
] | null | Supported |
U.S. statutes forbid deliberate unequal treatment exclusively based on descent or cultural background. | [
"Saint Francis College v. Al-Khazraji",
"Shaare Tefila Congregation v. Cobb"
] | null | Supported |
Enactment of public ordinances does not require irrefutable documentation; internal research meeting credibility thresholds suffices. | [
"City of Los Angeles v. Alameda Books, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Government searches violating constitutional standards are reviewed individually; previous rulings don't impact subsequent assessments. | [
"County of Los Angeles v. Mendez"
] | null | Supported |
The Constitution requires that parole decisions be accompanied by a written statement explaining the reasons for denial. | [
"Greenholtz v. Inmates of Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex"
] | null | Refuted |
Government bodies are prohibited from denying need-based financial support solely on the basis of alienage. | [
"Graham v. Richardson"
] | null | Supported |
The United States may request a restraining order in national courts to safeguard its property interests, even if it wasn't a participant in the initial state-level dispute concerning them. | [
"Leiter Minerals, Inc., v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
Diminution of fluid volume below contracted limits constitutes a breach. | [
"Montana v. Wyoming"
] | null | Supported |
To establish race-based prosecution, one must show that individuals engaging in identical criminal acts from other ethnicities were not processed by judicial authorities. | [
"United States v. Armstrong"
] | null | Supported |
Restrictions on commercial messaging may be imposed when significant risk of buyer misunderstanding exists, even absent evidence of deceptive practices. | [
"Ibanez v. Florida Dept. of Business and Professional Regulation, Bd. of Accountancy"
] | null | Refuted |
Disciplinary measures against staff for delivering deceptive information during probes of unethical activity are not constitutionally prohibited. | [
"Lachance v. Erickson"
] | null | Refuted |
Covered jurisdictions must obtain federal authorization prior to modifying electoral procedures, with review confirming no detrimental impacts on historically disadvantaged communities' ballot access. | [
"City of Monroe v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
When the highest federal judicial authority rejects further consideration of a case, judicial review entities must transmit death sentence implementation directives without delay except for unusually rare circumstances. | [
"Ryan v. Schad"
] | null | Refuted |
Prosecutors cannot present documented scientific outcomes during legal proceedings unless the technician who carried out the process appears as a witness. | [
"Bullcoming v. New Mexico"
] | Melendez-Diaz v. Massachusetts | Overruled |
Law enforcement personnel are restricted to activities typical of social visitors when within a dwelling's curtilage, such as speaking at the threshold; search operations are prohibited. | [
"Florida v. Jardines"
] | null | Supported |
The national judiciary compels regional chief executives to surrender individuals with pending criminal charges to the charging jurisdiction. | [
"Puerto Rico v. Branstad"
] | null | Supported |
When a welfare program's fiduciary misreads federal benefit rules at first, courts must accord substantial weight to subsequent plausible wordings. | [
"Conkright v. Frommert"
] | null | Supported |
Authorization to practice law must not be withheld from lawfully residing persons due to alien classification. | [
"In re Griffiths"
] | null | Refuted |
Whether material is considered obscene depends on local community standards, not a single national standard. | [
"Paris Adult Theatre I v. Slaton"
] | null | Supported |
Federal court injunction power under this statute halts present violations but excludes financial redress from past misdeeds. | [
"AMG Capital Management, LLC v. Federal Trade Commission"
] | null | Supported |
When commercial entities are granted authority by official institutions to manage expressive venues, those parties may be deemed subject to constitutional duties via statutory provisions. | [
"Manhattan Community Access Corp. v. Halleck"
] | null | Refuted |
The prosecution must prove all elements triggering the statutory imprisonment floor to an assembled body of citizens at the highest evidence threshold. | [
"United States v. Haymond"
] | null | Supported |
Statutory rules governing when non-American governments are protected against U.S. litigation do not shield individuals who acted in official roles. | [
"Samantar v. Yousuf"
] | null | Refuted |
For immigration purposes, a drug offense is an aggravated felony only if it is a felony under federal law. | [
"Lopez v. Gonzales"
] | null | Refuted |
State governments may restrict designated physical behaviors at premises licensed for liquor service without infringing on constitutional expression rights. | [
"California v. LaRue"
] | null | Supported |
If a law requires officials to apply rules to a group, officials may extend those rules to other groups if a court clarifies that such an extension is permissible. | [
"Gundy v. United States"
] | null | Refuted |
A constitutional provision safeguarding free expression does not mandate uniform treatment for distinct public segments when safety concerns necessitate varied responses. | [
"Wood v. Moss"
] | null | Supported |
Federal law prevents judicial findings related to conscious disregard of grave risks from being used to enhance prison sentences for unauthorized firearm possession. | [
"Borden v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
During a judicially mandated examination of a residence, government agents cannot restrain occupants when the detainee's ethnic background does not correspond to the individual identified in the authorization. | [
"Los Angeles County v. Rettele"
] | null | Refuted |
Indigenous tribal citizens receive preferential treatment in U.S. civil service roles when such treatment supports tribal sovereignty and avoids racial considerations. | [
"Morton v. Mancari"
] | null | Supported |
Violation of conservation laws may occur through environmental modifications causing negative effects on local organisms, even if not directly connected or foreseeable. | [
"Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter, Communities for a Great Oregon"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts may only reassess final settlement decisions where Congress has crafted specific statutory exceptions. | [
"Hall Street Associates, L.L.C. v. Mattel, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Federal disability law restricts counsel's compensation to a quarter of client retroactive sums, with courts enforcing reasonable payment arrangements up to this statutory limit. | [
"Gisbrecht v. Barnhart"
] | null | Refuted |
Resisting healthcare procedures alone fails to evidence prejudice against patients requiring them. | [
"Bray v. Alexandria Women's Health Clinic"
] | null | Refuted |
State governments have the authority to regulate interactions between their citizens and Native American tribes, even concerning activities on tribal lands. | [
"Worcester v. Georgia"
] | null | Refuted |
Mandating identification during home visits for expressive activities violates constitutional free speech protections for anonymous dissemination of public interest information. | [
"Watchtower Bible & Tract Soc'y of New York, Inc. v. Village of Stratton"
] | null | Supported |
Public officials may shadow a civilian when lacking credible evidence of wrongdoing if the behavior wouldn't cause an average citizen to perceive their freedom to leave as thwarted. | [
"Michigan v. Chesternut"
] | null | Supported |
Federal rules about speech that could lead to job loss must be clear enough for workers to understand what is prohibited, but they don't need to list every possible situation. | [
"Arnett v. Kennedy"
] | null | Supported |
Real-time electronic tracing of a subject's geographical position necessitates constitutional scrutiny, regardless of judicial imposition. | [
"Grady v. North Carolina"
] | null | Refuted |
Sovereign immunity prohibits United States government commissions from adjudicating grievances directed at sovereign entities without consent. | [
"Federal Maritime Commission v. South Carolina State Ports Authority"
] | null | Supported |
A government-facilitated organization's statutory provisions authorizing legal action in any state or national forum addressing ordinary disputes and non-monetary interventions grants these systems the authoritative capacity to handle such issues despite typical boundaries. | [
"American National Red Cross v. S.G.",
"Lightfoot v. Cendant Mortgage Corporation"
] | null | Refuted |
Laws that tie public financing for those pursuing office to others' financial activities beyond their control are constitutionally impermissible because they fundamentally obstruct the exchange of ideas essential for legitimate governance. | [
"Arizona Free Enterprise Club's Freedom Club PAC v. Bennett"
] | null | Refuted |
Companies must follow Treasury regulations when dividing R&D expenses among products for export sales tax calculations, not decide on their own. | [
"Boeing Company v. United States"
] | null | Supported |
State governments cannot mandate upfront payment for challenging the ending of a caregiver's legal connection to their offspring. | [
"M. L. B. v. S. L. J."
] | null | Supported |
The authority to invalidate international travel credentials resides with the presidential office when actions are necessary for national defense or diplomatic engagement, even without explicit permission from lawmakers. | [
"Haig v. Agee"
] | null | Refuted |
After the highest judicial authority denies certification, a reviewing tribunal cannot extend the period before executing its definitive order to revisit the case's substance. | [
"Bell v. Thompson",
"Ryan v. Schad"
] | null | Refuted |
The government can compel individuals or organizations to convey messages they disagree with, even if the justification for doing so is limited. | [
"National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra"
] | null | Refuted |
A regulatory framework granting government entities unchecked power over spatial use for communication chills expressive activity. | [
"City of Lakewood v. Plain Dealer Publishing Co."
] | null | Refuted |
When a government department's rationale for its action conflicts with the factual record, a court mandates return of the matter for thorough clarification. | [
"Department of Commerce v. New York"
] | null | Supported |
Transparency in judicial proceedings for the accused is constitutionally protected, and unrelated parties possess no entitlement to view them. | [
"Gannett Company, Inc. v. DePasquale"
] | Richmond Newspapers Inc. v. Virginia | Overruled |
Describing a person's clothing or location alone isn't sufficient for police to conduct a search. | [
"Florida v. J. L."
] | null | Supported |
The conditions for receiving pension benefits are part of the benefit's value, so altering those conditions can violate the law. | [
"Central Laborers' Pension Fund v. Heinz"
] | null | Supported |
Excluding applicants unable to meet essential academic requirements after reasonable adjustments is permissible under current laws protecting persons with physical and mental conditions. | [
"Southeastern Community College v. Davis"
] | null | Supported |
Workforce leaders must not disregard properly administered professional competency outcomes exclusively to modify demographic composition in advancement opportunities unless there is irrefutable proof that maintaining them would provoke federal civil rights litigation. | [
"Ricci v. DeStefano"
] | null | Refuted |
Courts apply uniform procedural norms for seizing expressive media when the purpose is data preservation rather than speech restriction. | [
"New York v. P. J. Video, Inc."
] | null | Supported |
Statutes designed to protect sensitive personal details may block news outlets from publishing factual data in public court archives. | [
"Cox Broadcasting Corporation v. Cohn"
] | null | Refuted |
Laws requiring voter identification do not necessarily result in disenfranchisement, even if motivated by a desire to affect election outcomes. | [
"Crawford v. Marion County Election Board"
] | null | Refuted |
Statutes prohibiting arbitrary disparities on identity grounds can be enforced against private institutions with outsider access, even as participant selection criteria are modified. | [
"New York State Club Association Inc. v. City of New York"
] | null | Refuted |
Each time a court rejects a prisoner’s complaint for lack of legal basis, it contributes to a triplet that cuts off the ability to initiate cases without fees, irrespective of refile permissions. | [
"Lomax v. Ortiz-Marquez"
] | null | Supported |
Admission of a redacted self-incriminating account, purged of co-defendant references and provided with instructions that restrict fact-finder consideration of it for co-defendant guilt, does not encroach upon the entitlement to confront the prior declarant. | [
"Richardson v. Marsh"
] | Bruton v. United States | Overruled |
When the United States adopts a foreign policy position, subnational statutory measures contrary to it are invalid. | [
"American Insurance Ass'n v. Garamendi"
] | null | Supported |
Marital dissolution papers that abandon spousal rights to retirement funds do not result in automatic recipient modifications without explicit redesignation. | [
"Kennedy v. Plan Administrator for DuPont Sav. and Investment Plan"
] | null | Refuted |
A statute that revives a system of distinctions set aside by judicial review may stay valid if it safeguards citizens whose financial planning was grounded in legacy statutes. | [
"Heckler v. Matthews"
] | null | Refuted |
Judicial bodies must not excise multiple provisions of a statute unless the text definitively articulates their interdependence. | [
"Leavitt v. Jane L."
] | Free Enterprise Fund v. Public Company Oversight Board | Overruled |
Legal authorization for vehicle examination requires no demonstration of a scent-trained animal's historical detection accuracy. | [
"Florida v. Harris"
] | null | Supported |
In federal court-supervised debt resolution processes, monetary liabilities stemming from deception are extinguished under a more likely than not standard unless legislative mandates dictate a more rigorous measure. | [
"Grogan v. Garner"
] | null | Refuted |
Whether a message qualifies as state communication requires factors beyond state oversight of substance; societal awareness of its provenance and context controls the conclusion. | [
"Walker v. Texas Division, Sons of Confederate Veterans, Inc."
] | null | Refuted |
Trial fact-finding teams won't reject applicants solely because of pre-sentence opinions, and courts may probe these views when the panel is constructed. | [
"Morgan v. Illinois"
] | null | Refuted |
When spatial dispersion of a racial demographic is high, state authorities need not establish multiple zones where the group exceeds half of all residents. | [
"Abrams v. Johnson"
] | null | Supported |
The law permits distinct treatment of depository institutions based on each institution's charter location when necessary to preserve community-level governance over financial services. | [
"Northeast Bancorp, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System"
] | West Lynn Creamery, Inc. v. Healy | Overruled |
The government is constitutionally required to fund and facilitate all abortions, as restricting access to these resources violates a person's right to privacy and equal protection. | [
"Webster v. Reproductive Health Services"
] | null | Refuted |
Regulatory agencies must not completely eliminate product messages regarding lawful goods solely through advancing significant societal priorities. | [
"Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corporation v. Public Service Commission of New York"
] | null | Supported |
State-mandated financial support for commercial promotion is constitutionally permissible provided the messaging does not coerce affirmative agreement with disfavored positions. | [
"Glickman v. Wileman Brothers & Elliott, Inc."
] | Janus v. American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31 | Overruled |
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