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2,312,200 | Comparison of two-stage thermophilic (68 degrees C/55 degrees C) anaerobic digestion with one-stage thermophilic (55 degrees C) digestion of cattle manure. | A two-stage 68 degrees C/55 degrees C anaerobic degradation process for treatment of cattle manure was studied. In batch experiments, an increase of the specific methane yield, ranging from 24% to 56%, was obtained when cattle manure and its fractions (fibers and liquid) were pretreated at 68 degrees C for periods of 3... |
2,312,201 | IL-6-174G/C genotype is associated with the bone mineral density response to oestrogen replacement therapy in post-menopausal women. | A reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity may contribute to the beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the menopausal decline in bone mineral density (BMD). We have examined this hypothesis using a genetic strategy. The -174C (rather than G) IL-6 gene variant is associated with lower IL-6 express... |
2,312,202 | Genetic analysis of rapid tolerance to ethanol's incoordinating effects in mice: inbred strains and artificial selection. | Ethanol tolerance, a decrease in drug responsiveness with repeated administrations, is an important diagnostic criterion for alcoholism. Rapid tolerance develops within 8-24 hours of an initial ethanol exposure and shares many similarities with chronic tolerance. The genetic contribution to rapid tolerance to ethanol-i... |
2,312,203 | [Changes in the lipid spectrum in hormone replacement therapy]. | The influence of hormone replacement therapy on plasma lipid levels is a well-known fact. The effect depends on the therapy mode and on the way of the drug administration. The aim of the study was to compare effects of two different types of HRT on plasma lipid levels.</AbstractText>During two-year prospective study pl... |
2,312,204 | CYP1B1 and CYP19 gene polymorphisms and breast cancer incidence: no association in the ARIC study. | We conducted a nested case control study of 178 incident breast cancer cases and 356 controls in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. We evaluated the association between breast cancer and Val432Leu polymorphism in the CYP1B1 gene and the tetranucleotide repeats in intron 4 of the CYP19 gene. After adjustment... |
2,312,205 | Lipid metabolism in women. | Differences in whole-body lipid metabolism between men and women are indicated by lower-body fat accumulation in women but more marked accumulation of fat in the intra-abdominal visceral fat depots of men. Circulating blood lipid concentrations also show gender-related differences. These differences are most marked in ... |
2,312,206 | Circulating vitamin D metabolites, polymorphism in vitamin D receptor, and colorectal adenoma risk. | Vitamin D is a potential agent for the prevention of colorectal cancer possibly through mechanisms mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). We investigated the association of circulating vitamin D metabolites and a genetic variant of the VDR gene with advanced colorectal adenoma, a precursor lesion of colorectal cance... |
2,312,207 | Directions for unraveling the issue of alcohol and health disparities: findings from the Postmenopausal Health Disparities study. | The Postmenopausal Health Disparities Study (PHD Study) is a model for unraveling the underlying factors that may play a role in the health status and life expectancy disparities among racial and ethnic groups, with particular attention to effects of alcoholic beverage consumption. The study is bioepidemiologic; underl... |
2,312,208 | Mechanisms of sex steroids. Future developments. | The discussion on the risks of hormone therapy supports the search for alternative drugs such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). These compounds are suitable for special preventive goals, but cannot be expected to replace the use of estrogens in patients with estrogen deficiency. The development of sele... |
2,312,209 | Are all estrogens the same? | This paper focuses on the question whether different estrogens (E) have different qualitative pharmacodynamic effects when used by women for contraception, Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) or prevention of osteoporosis. In this context estrogens have been defined as the estrogen agonists estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), ... |
2,312,210 | Oral contraceptives, menopause hormone replacement therapy, and risk of stroke. | To review available evidence from observational and intervention studies on oral contraceptives (OC), menopause hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and stroke.</AbstractText>Qualitative literature review.</AbstractText>High dose OC were associated to elevated risk of stroke. However, the use of low oestrogen OC preparati... |
2,312,211 | HRT and heart disease: problems and prospects. | The divergent findings of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) from observational and randomized clinical studies are summarized and reasons for the different results are postulated. Chronic use of HRT since menopause has no harmful effects on CHD event rate, while the initiation of therapy after a recent cardiovascular e... |
2,312,212 | Why a consensus conference on hormone replacement therapy and the cardiovascular system? | A recent randomized, placebo-control study of a combination of conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg) known to bring considerable advantages to post-menopausal women, has concluded that the risks associated with its use outweigh the benefits. On the strength of these data the manufactu... |
2,312,213 | Compartmental human respiratory tract modeling of airborne dust exposure from feeding in swine buildings. | A simple size-dependent compartmental model was developed to describe airborne dust exposure dynamics for the human respiratory tract (HRT) in mechanically ventilated swine buildings. Transport mechanisms of airborne dust for HRT include respiration, gravitational settling, turbulent diffusive deposition, inertial impa... |
2,312,214 | Mammographic change in hysterectomized women on 0.625 mg/day of conjugated equine estrogen. | To compare the mammographic change before and after conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.625 mg/day in hysterectomized women.</AbstractText>A retrospective descriptive study.</AbstractText>Menopause clinic, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital.</AbstractText>Dedicated mammograms and demographic data of 66 women who had bee... |
2,312,215 | [Preventing of postmenopausal osteoporosis by hormone replacement therapy? Is the risk acceptable?]. | Over the past two decades, multiple observational studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduced the risk of fracture, increased the quality of life and protected against the cardiovascular disease. HRT was often recommended, on the basis of this evidence, for that indications. But these recommen... |
2,312,216 | The validity of self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy among Danish nurses. | Recent findings from randomized clinical trials on the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal women contradict findings from observational studies indicating a protective effect on the development of cardiovascular disease. Most observational studies on HRT are based on self-reported data, al... |
2,312,217 | Biodegradation of methyl tert-butyl ether and BTEX at varying hydraulic retention times. | The feasibility of biologically degrading methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)-contaminated groundwater is dependent on the ability to degrade MTBE and its byproducts in the presence of other gasoline contaminants. This study investigates a mixed culture degrading both MTBE and benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-xylene (BTEX) in a... |
2,312,218 | [The impact of hormone replacement therapy applied in women with varicose vein on changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis]. | In fifty two postmenopausal women (study group: n = 20 with varicose vein; controls: n = 32) with climacteric symptoms some changes in fibrinolytic and coagulative parameters were measured during six months of HRT consisted of transdermal oestradiol (17 beta-E2) and oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Additionally,... |
2,312,219 | Removal of nitrogen and phosphorus using dominant riparian plants in a hydroponic culture system. | The objective of the study was to evaluate potential nutrient removal capacities from eutrophic stream waters using two riparian plants, Phragmites japonica and Salix gracilistyla. The removal efficiencies, removal rates of nutrients (N, P), and their specific growth rate were estimated as a function of inflow loading ... |
2,312,220 | Feasibility studies on the treatment of dairy wastewaters with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. | The feasibility of using upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for the treatment of dairy wastewaters was explored. Two types of UASBs were used--one operating on anaerobic sludge granules developed by us from digested cowdung slurry (DCDS) and the other on the granules obtained from the reactors of M/s EID P... |
2,312,221 | Two to three years of hormone replacement treatment in healthy women have long-term preventive effects on bone mass and osteoporotic fractures: the PERF study. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often prescribed for a few years to suppress menopausal symptoms. Although its long-term use of HRT for the primary prevention of osteoporosis is not currently recommended, the long-term skeletal benefits of the limited therapy are of great interest. To determine whether administrat... |
2,312,222 | [Assessment of selected neoplastic markers in women receiving hormone replacement therapy]. | The study was performed in order to assess the serum levels of proteins believed to be the markers of neoplastic differentiation (CEA and CA 15.3) and proliferation (TPS) in women receiving hormone replacement therapy. 190 women were included into the study. Women were classified into one of four groups: healthy women ... |
2,312,223 | Hot flashes refractory to HRT and SSRI therapy but responsive to gabapentin therapy. | There is a need for alternative therapies for hot flashes, as hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with increased rates of breast cancer and heart disease, and some women fail to respond to HRT. A 32-year-old woman with surgically-induced menopause experienced 20-30 severe hot flashes per day and failed to r... |
2,312,224 | The effect of tibolone on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis--8 years follow-up. | This longitudinal observational study evaluated the effect of 8 years of uninterrupted treatment of tibolone on bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with significant osteopenia or osteoporosis.</AbstractText>Subjects were 66 postmenopausal women (29 with moderate or severe osteopenia and 37 with osteoporo... |
2,312,225 | Factors associated with intention to use hormone replacement therapy among Thai middle-aged women. | To examine the differences among those who express their intentions to use hormone replacement therapy (intenders), those who express their intentions not to use hormone replacement therapy (non-intenders), and those who are undecided, and to examine the factors associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) intenti... |
2,312,226 | Variability of breast cancer risk in observational studies of hormone replacement therapy: a meta-regression analysis. | A re-analysis of data from 51 epidemiological studies reported a significant 14% increase in the risk of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Unlike randomized trials, these observational studies varied in design and methods. This study was conducted to explore the impact of study... |
2,312,227 | Sex steroids and age-related macular degeneration in older French women: the POLA study. | Postmenopausal women are reported to be at higher risk of eye diseases than men. The purpose of our study is to determine the relationships between endocrine status, specially plasma sex hormones levels, and the severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a large community-based sample of older French women.<... |
2,312,228 | Endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising in endometriosis foci six years after estrogen replacement therapy: a case report. | We present a case of a 53-year-old woman who developed an endometrioid adenocarcinoma six years after total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), who was on estrogenic-only hormone replacement therapy (HRT). |
2,312,229 | Resuspension: decadal monitoring time series of the anthropogenic radioactivity deposition in Japan. | Monthly atmospheric depositions of (90)Sr and (137)Cs have been observed at the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI), Tsukuba, Japan. This study reports temporal trends and levels of (90)Sr and (137)Cs depositions in the 1990s. Although the current (90)Sr and (137)Cs concentrations declined dramatically, they have b... |
2,312,230 | [Correspondence analysis for the evaluation of women's profile during post-menopause and hormone replacement therapy]. | This study illustrates the use of correspondence analysis to identify distinct profiles characterizing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and non-users, allowing the visualization of concurrent characteristics associated with this self-selection process. We analyzed cross-sectional information provided by 195 wome... |
2,312,231 | Management of risk of breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women. | Breast carcinoma is the most frequent tumor in the female population. Many factors can influence the risk of breast cancer; some of them, such as old age and breast cancer 1/2 (BRCA1/BRCA2) gene mutations, are associated with a fourfold increase in risk. A previous diagnosis of atypical ductal or lobular hyperplasia or... |
2,312,232 | Treatment of slaughterhouse wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor: simulation vs experimental studies. | In wastewater treatment, the objective of process optimization is primarily to obtain a good treatment efficiency of a specific pollutant. The operational objective of increased productivity has also to be met. This includes a sufficient reduction in the duration of a batch process through batch scheduling. The aim of ... |
2,312,233 | Dietary macro- and micronutrient intakes of nonsupplemented pre- and postmenopausal women with a perspective on menopause-associated diseases. | To assess the dietary intakes and diet quality of menopausal women relative to premenopausal women, and to determine whether their diets are compatible with reducing risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional study using 3-day food records and anthropometric measurements. Subj... |
2,312,234 | Clinical profile and cervical cytomorphology in symptomatic postmenopausal women. | The atrophic changes in menopause reflected in cytology is known, but relevance of other features in menopausal management is relatively unknown. One hundred postmenopausal patients who presented with symptoms related to urogenital atrophy were studied (September 1999 - March 2000). Adequacy, density of inflammation wi... |
2,312,235 | Hormone therapy and the cardiovascular system: the critical role of progestins. | In broad support of the findings of the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) and other trials, the recently published preliminary findings of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study buttress the view that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with a combination of 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogens... |
2,312,236 | Synergistic non-surgical management of pelvic floor dysfunction: second report. | The normal pelvic floor functions as a balanced synergistic system composed of muscle, connective tissue (CT), and nerve components, with CT being the most vulnerable. The aim was to address a wide range of pelvic floor dysfunctions by strengthening all possible components of the system with minimal time loss, weaving ... |
2,312,237 | Progress in chemoprevention of breast cancer. | Primary prevention trials have shown that tamoxifen lowers breast cancer incidence by 30-40%. Because of the endometrial risk of tamoxifen and the pro-thrombotic effects of tamoxifen and raloxifene, different strategies are being pursued to improve the risk:benefit ratio of breast cancer chemoprevention. Thus, raloxife... |
2,312,238 | 7: Treatment of osteoporosis: why, whom, when and how to treat. The single most important consideration is the individual's absolute risk of fracture. | All women and men with a history of fragility fractures should be considered for treatment of osteoporosis to reduce their risk of future fracture. There is high-level evidence for the anti-fracture efficacy of treatment in women with osteoporosis, particularly if there is prevalent fracture; the evidence is less compe... |
2,312,239 | Knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and practices of African-American women toward menopausal health. | The purpose of this study was to describe and compare the knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and health practices related to menopausal health among African-American women (N= 106) from diverse SES levels, between 40 to 65 years of age. The mean age was 49 years of age, 60.7% were college graduates, 45.8% were married, ... |
2,312,240 | Predictors of bone mineral density in female workers in Morelos State, Mexico. | Although several studies have identified factors associated with bone mineral density (BMD), little research is available on Mexican women.</AbstractText>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1,622 female workers between 20 and 80 years of age at the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), an integral part of the ... |
2,312,241 | Utilisation of hormone replacement therapy in the United Kingdom. A descriptive study using the general practice research database. | To determine prevalence and patterns of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) utilisation in women in the UK.</AbstractText>Prospective observational study.</AbstractText>UK general practice.</AbstractText>Women from general practices throughout the UK.</AbstractText>The study period was 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1998.... |
2,312,242 | Patterns of alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort. | Alcohol consumption of approximately two drinks or more per day has been associated with elevated breast cancer risk in the California Teachers Study cohort as well as in many other populations. The objective of this analysis is to examine effects of age at drinking and drinking patterns and to identify effect modifier... |
2,312,243 | Comparison between a submerged membrane bioreactor and a conventional activated sludge system on treating ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater. | A submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) and a conventional activated sludge system (CAS) were compared in parallel over a period of 210 days on treating synthetic ammonia-bearing inorganic wastewater under similar conditions. Except for a short period of pH control failure, almost complete conversion of NH(4)(+)?N to NO... |
2,312,244 | Breast screening outcomes in women with and without a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. | To compare breast screening outcomes between women with a moderate or strong family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer with those without such a history.</AbstractText>The Ontario Breast Screening Programme (OBSP) is a population-based programme offering mammography and clinical breast examination to Ontario women... |
2,312,245 | Increased risk of breast cancer following different regimens of hormone replacement therapy frequently used in Europe. | Epidemiologic studies have shown an increased risk of breast cancer following hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of this study was to investigate whether different treatment regimens or the androgenecity of progestins influence the risk of breast cancer differently. The Danish Nurse Cohort was established in 19... |
2,312,246 | [Confocal laser-scanning microscopy to analyse the epithelium of the tongue]. | Superficial changes of the epithelium of the tongue are diagnosed by biopsy. The aim of this in-vivo study was to show the normal epithelium, the subepithelial structures and the subepithelial vessels of the tongue using confocal microscopy.</AbstractText>A digital confocal Laser-Scanning Microscope (LSM), a combinatio... |
2,312,247 | Influence of HRT on prognostic factors for breast cancer: a systematic review after the Women's Health Initiative trial. | Mortality due to breast cancer has been reported to be the same or even lower in HRT users than in non-users. This has been attributed to earlier diagnosis and to better prognosis. Nevertheless, more advanced disease in HRT users was reported recently by the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. The objective of this ... |
2,312,248 | Hormone replacement therapy and the breast. | Increasing numbers of women are using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in their 50s and 60s. Oestrogen alone or oestrogen and progestogen combined given in this age group increase breast density and this has the effect of reducing both the sensitivity and specificity of breast screening in HRT users. HRT significantly... |
2,312,249 | Effect on endometrium of combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy of 1 mg 17beta-estradiol and 0.5 mg norethisterone acetate. | The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of low-dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on ultrasound thickness of the endometrium and on endometrial histology in postmenopausal women. Two hundred and fifty-four postmenopausal women were included in the study; 124 completed three years of treatment with con... |
2,312,250 | 'Pulsed' estradiol action can stimulate breast cancer cell proliferation. | The newly available nasal estradiol application serum concentrations measure up to 10-fold higher compared to common hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Since this has only a short-time peak it has been suggested that breast cancer risk may be reduced, because of lower activation of the estradiol-receptor-transcription ... |
2,312,251 | Health-related behavior and the use of hormone replacement therapy. | To study health-related differences between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and nonusers among colorectal cases and women without diagnosed cancer.</AbstractText>Data from the Saskatchewan Health population-based databases were used to ascertain the use of HRT, oral contraceptives (OCs), cardiovascular system (... |
2,312,252 | Five-year changes in bone density, and their relationship to plasma estradiol and pretreatment bone density, in an older population of postmenopausal women using long-term estradiol implants. | The aim of this study was to observe whether bone mineral density (BMD) improves over 5 years in older women using estradiol implants. A total of 18 women were selected who had commenced hormone replacement therapy (HRT) around the age of 60 years. The median age was 60.9 years (range 59.7-63.2 years). Each woman had a... |
2,312,253 | High-rate ferric sulfate generation by a Leptospirillum ferriphilum-dominated biofilm and the role of jarosite in biomass retention in a fluidized-bed reactor. | The aims of this work were to develop a high-rate fluidized-bed bioprocess for ferric sulfate production, to characterize biomass retention, and to determine the phylogeny of the enrichment culture. After 7 months of continuous enrichment and air aeration at 37 degrees C, the iron oxidation rate of 8.2 g Fe(2+) L(-1)h(... |
2,312,254 | An exploratory qualitative study of women's perceptions of risk management options for familial ovarian cancer: implications for informed decision making. | Women who are at increased risk of familial ovarian cancer face complex decisions about strategies for managing their risk due to a lack of evidence regarding the benefits of ovarian cancer screening (OCS) and prophylactic surgery. At present, there is a limited understanding of women's attitudes towards these options.... |
2,312,255 | Ovarian cancer patients and hormone replacement therapy: a systematic review. | Although the majority of patients with ovarian cancer are menopausal, approximately one-third are premenopausal at the time of diagnosis. Little information is available concerning the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the clinical outcomes of patients previously treated for ovarian cancer. The objective o... |
2,312,256 | Patient and clinician collaboration in the design of a national randomized breast cancer trial. | To show breast cancer patient involvement in the design of a national randomized trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in symptomatic patients will increase accrual.</AbstractText>Three stakeholder groups [(1) researchers from the Lynda Jackson Macmillan Centre, (2) the Consumers' Advisory Group for Clinical Trial... |
2,312,257 | Hormone replacement therapy and life expectancy after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with BRCA1/2 mutations: a decision analysis. | The decision about prophylactic oophorectomy is difficult for many premenopausal women with BRCA1/2 mutations because of concerns and controversy about the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after oophorectomy.</AbstractText>A Markov decision analytic model used the most current epidemiologic data to assess the e... |
2,312,258 | [Knowledge of hormone replacement therapy among menopausal women]. | To analyze the information that women have on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the sources of this information and how it is related to prescription.</AbstractText>We performed a cross-sectional study through a telephone survey. Information was collected on prescription of HRT, knowledge of HRT and of its health bene... |
2,312,259 | Bioremediation of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) by an innovative biofilter. | Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) is a synthetic chemical used in unleaded gasoline as an additive to reduce levels of ozone and carbon monoxide from auto exhaust. Due to its chemical and recalcitrant properties, MTBE has caused groundwater contamination worldwide. A laboratory-scale biofilter made of a natural fiber ... |
2,312,260 | Menopausal depression: comparison of hormone replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy plus fluoxetine. | To compare the efficacy and safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) combined with fluoxetine, with HRT alone, in post-menopausal women suffering from depression.</AbstractText>A randomized, open-label, parallel trial was applied. HRT was administered to all patients for 2 cycles, with 14 days of estrogen therapy an... |
2,312,261 | Weight gain, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and postmenopausal breast cancer in a large prospective study. | Excess adiposity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are important contributors to postmenopausal breast cancer risk. HRT has been shown to modify the association between body weight and breast cancer risk, although few studies are sufficiently large to examine the risk of breast cancer associated with body mass inde... |
2,312,262 | Alleviation of the climacteric symptoms with oral sequential hormone replacement therapy. | The efficacy of the oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preparation estradiol valerate/levonorgestrel (EV/LNG, Klimonorm) in the alleviation of the menopausal complaints of peri- and postmenopausal Thai women was studied in a prospective, open, uncontrolled phase IV clinical trial. Of the 50 peri- or postmenopausal ... |
2,312,263 | Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously. | A pilot scale zeolite medium biological aerated filter(ZBAF) was designed and used to treat municipal wastewater. It showed that ZBAF could simultaneously remove chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonia-N and turbidity to satisfied degree at a hydraulic retention time(HRT) of 0.95 h. Their average removal efficiencies were... |
2,312,264 | Hormone replacement therapy after surgery for stage 1 or 2 cutaneous melanoma. | A total of 206 women were followed for a minimum of 5 years after primary melanoma surgery to establish if hormone replacement therapy (HRT) adversely affected prognosis. In all, 123 had no HRT and 22 have died of melanoma; 83 had HRT for varying periods and one has died of melanoma. After controlling for known prognos... |
2,312,265 | Isolated erythema (cellulitis) of the breast. | This paper reports nine cases of breast cellulitis in women patients (four cases in pregnancy, four postmenopausal cases following hormone replacement therapy and one case of unilateral breast oedema following a mediastinal lymphoma). Biopsies were obtained from the erythematous area in one pregnant patient, one postme... |
2,312,266 | Expression of estrogen receptors (alpha, beta) and insulin-like growth factor-I in breast tissue from surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques after long-term treatment with HRT and tamoxifen. | The novel estrogen receptor ERbeta could be a key factor for proliferation and breast cancer risk. In a primate model for long-term HRT, surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques were treated for 35 months with conjugated equine estrogens (CEE), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), CEE+MPA and tamoxifen (n=5 in all g... |
2,312,267 | An analysis of factors associated with interval as opposed to screen-detected breast cancers, including hormone therapy and mammographic density. | A comparison of 270 interval breast cancers in South Australian women aged 50 years and over with 628 age-matched screen-detected cases indicated that the former had more advanced stages (P<0.001), higher grades (P<0.001), and more frequently a history of past breast problems (P<0.027). After adjusting for the... |
2,312,268 | The effects of oestrogens and anti-oestrogens on cognition. | Recent research suggests that oestrogen may play an important role in cognition. Epidemiological and experimental studies of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women suggest that oestrogen may be important to verbal memory in particular, as well as other cognitive functions such as attention and processing ... |
2,312,269 | Symptomatic benign breast disease and hormone replacement therapy. | The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on presentation and diagnoses of post-menopausal women has been examined by a retrospective review of patients presenting to a symptomatic Breast Clinic over a 5-year period. Sixty-seven post-menopausal women aged less than 65 years taking hormone replacement therapy for ... |
2,312,270 | Body composition and muscle performance during menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | Menopausal transition is characterized by ovarian failure and its consequent decrease in female sex steroid production. Earlier studies suggest that an increase and redistribution of body fat during menopause predispose women to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. In addition, peri- and post-menopausal women... |
2,312,271 | Benefits and harms associated with hormone replacement therapy: clinical decision analysis. | To evaluate harms and benefits associated with use of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for five years in women with different baseline risks for breast cancer.</AbstractText>Probabilistic clinical decision analysis.</AbstractText>Hypothetical population of white UK women aged 50 years with different baseline ... |
2,312,272 | HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer--is it safe?), a randomised comparison: trial stopped. | In the 1990s, two randomised clinical trials started in Scandinavia addressing whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is safe for women with previous breast cancer. We report the findings of the safety analysis in HABITS (hormonal replacement therapy after breast cancer--is it safe?), an open randomised clinical tri... |
2,312,273 | The confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ancillary study to the ocular hypertension treatment study: study design and baseline factors. | To describe the study design of the Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) Ancillary Study to the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) and to examine the associations between optic disk topography, and baseline demographic, clinical, and ocular factors at study entry.</AbstractText>A randomized clinical tr... |
2,312,274 | Evaluation of ability of biochemical markers of bone turnover to predict a response to increased doses of HRT. | Antiresorptive therapy is usually given in a fixed dose, and we hypothesized that some patients receiving standard doses of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might benefit from a higher dose, particularly if their bone turnover decreases after increasing the dose of HRT. Eighty-eight women who had been receiving standa... |
2,312,275 | Clinical value of immunohistochemically detected lymphovascular invasion in endometrioid endometrial cancer. | Lymphovascular Invasion (LVSI) of tumour cells is marked as an important step in the process of tumour metastases and is an important prognostic factor in Endometrial Cancer (EC). Currently, the standard method for assessing LVSI is light microscopic examination of H&E stained sections. Tumour cells within lymphova... |
2,312,276 | Continuous methane fermentation and the production of vitamin B12 in a fixed-bed reactor packed with loofah. | A fixed-bed reactor with acclimated methanogens immobilized on a loofah support was studied on a laboratory scale to evaluate the system producing methane from the mixture of CO(2) and H(2) gas, with the production of vitamin B(12) as a by-product. Fermentation using CO(2)/H(2) acclimated methanogens was conducted in a... |
2,312,277 | Health beliefs and women's use of hormone replacement therapy. | This research, part of an Internet-based study, examined whether beliefs about menopause and the Health Belief Model (HBM) variables explained women's use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Data were collected via a Web site and 208 women, ages 40 to 60, enrolled in the study over an eight-week period. Logistic regr... |
2,312,278 | Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone and in combination, on bone mass and markers of bone turnover in elderly women with osteoporosis. | The aim of the study was to compare alendronate, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and their combination in treatment of osteoporosis in elderly postmenopausal women. Ninety patients, aged 65-80 yr (mean 71), with a T-score of bone mineral density (BMD) of 2.5 or less at either the lumbar spine or the femoral neck wer... |
2,312,279 | Cancer control in women. Update 2003. | The global cancer burden in women appeared to be increasing quickly at the end of the twentieth century with notable increases in the absolute numbers of cases of breast, cervix, lung and colorectal cancer of concern. However, prospects for cancer control in women appear to be good within our current knowledge and dese... |
2,312,280 | Heidelberg retina tomograph in ocular Behçet's disease. | To compare the optic disc topography of patients with ocular Behçet's disease (BD) with age-matched controls, using Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>This study included 32 patients (51 eyes) with ocular BD (active and/or inactive), 38 patients (74 eyes) with nonocular BD, and 62 normal subjects (62... |
2,312,281 | Menopause in Croatia. Socio-demographic characteristics, women's attitudes and source of information, compliance with HRT. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Croatian postmenopausal women, attitudes towards it and factors influencing this decision.</AbstractText>A total of 1100 women were interviewed in Ob/Gyn offices using self-response questionnaire of 56 items, dealing with demographic data, personal and family medical history, surger... |
2,312,282 | Radial bone density and breast cancer risk in white and African-American women. | A number of different models for assessing individual risk of breast cancer use known risk factors such as age, age at menarche, age at first live birth, previous breast biopsies, and family history. High bone mass in white women is also associated with an increased breast cancer risk; however, bone mass as a risk fact... |
2,312,283 | Prospective estimation of rates of change in mammographic parenchymal patterns: influence of age and of hormone replacement therapy. | The objective of this study was to assess the effect of age, breast size and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the rate of change of mammographic parenchymal patterns, and the effect of age on the probability of misclassification between patterns. It was designed as a longitudinal study of the members of the ... |
2,312,284 | Treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature in a two-anaerobic step system followed by a trickling filter. | The treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature was studied in a two-anaerobic-step system followed by an aerobic step, consisting of an anaerobic filter (AF) + an anaerobic hybrid (AH) + polyurethane-foam trickling filter (PTF). The AF+AH system was operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3+6 h at a contro... |
2,312,285 | Removal of ammonia from tannery effluents in a reed bed constructed wetland. | A horizontal subsurface flow reed bed, Pragmites australis, constructed wetland system was operated continuously for one year at 5 different hydraulic retention times between 5 days-11 days with real tannery industry effluent to investigate mainly NH4-N and COD removal performance of the system. The bed was also operat... |
2,312,286 | [Correlations between retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) and confocal scanning laser tomography (HRT) in optic disc analysis]. | To determine if the measures obtained in an optic disc study using the retinal thickness analyzer (RTA) can be adequately correlated with values provided by the confocal scanning laser Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>We analyzed 20 eyes of 20 normal subjects. The contours of the optic disc were drawn b... |
2,312,287 | Hormone replacement therapy in relation to survival in women diagnosed with colon cancer. | Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among US men and women. A number of studies report that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces the risk of colorectal cancer, but fewer studies have examined the relation between HRT use and survival after diagnosis and none examined this relation by anat... |
2,312,288 | Combined effect of oral contraceptive use and hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women. | We examined breast cancer risk related to lifetime exposure to oral contraceptives (OCs) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>The Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences (CARE) Study was a population-based case-control study that included 1847 postmenopausal women with... |
2,312,289 | The effects of phytoestrogen isoflavones on bone density in women: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. | Isoflavone phytoestrogen therapy has been proposed as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). HRT has a beneficial effect on bone, but few trials in humans have investigated the effects of isoflavones on bone.</AbstractText>The objective of the study was to determine the effect on bone density of a ... |
2,312,290 | Estratest and Estratest HS (esterified estrogens and methyltestosterone) therapy: a summary of safety surveillance data, January 1989 to August 2002. | The use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) to treat menopausal symptoms has been influenced over the years by various safety concerns. These concerns include endometrial cancer, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease, and have altered how HRT is prescribed. Evaluating postmarketing surveillance data for a product ... |
2,312,291 | The effect of hydraulic retention time on the stability of aerobically grown microbial granules. | The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the development of aerobically grown microbial granules.</AbstractText>Five column-shaped sequential aerobic sludge blanket reactors (SASBRs) were seeded with aerobically grown microbial granules and operated in a cyclic mode at differ... |
2,312,292 | Broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) of the heel bone and its correlates in men and women in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort: a cross-sectional population-based study. | Osteoporotic fractures have substantial clinical and public health impact. Bone quality is an important determinant of fracture risk. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) of bone measured as broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) has been shown to predict fracture risk. However, there have been very few large population studi... |
2,312,293 | Comparison of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II and Retinal Thickness Analyzer in the assessment of diabetic macular edema. | To compare the within-session variability of the Macular Edema Module of the Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph II (HRT II; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) and the Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA, Talia Technology Ltd., Neve-Ilan, Israel) in patients with diabetes and nondiabetic subjects and to determine the ag... |
2,312,294 | [Sexual function in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy]. | The loss of sexuality observed in the climacteric period is difficult to evaluate. An important advance has been the development of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), a test based on the norms of the International Consensus Development Conference on Sexual Female Dysfunctions.</AbstractText>To study the effects o... |
2,312,295 | Observations and advertising: controversies in the prescribing of hormone replacement therapy. | Since scientists in the 1930s discovered sex hormones, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been a source of considerable controversy and debate. This debate continues with the publication of the results of the Women's Health Initiative, a large randomized controlled trial that has once again altered the way women and... |
2,312,296 | Expression of uteroglobin in normal and carcinogenic endometrium and influence of hormone replacement therapy. | Uteroglobin, first reported in 1968 as a steroid secreted in rabbit uterine fluid during early pregnancy, is a progesterone-regulated and progesterone-binding protein. There is evidence that indicates that uteroglobin is inversely correlated to neoplastic growth but its role to endometrial carcinogenesis is not known. ... |
2,312,297 | Hormone replacement therapy and lung cancer risk: a case-control analysis. | To date, there are few published data regarding the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and lung cancer risk. Therefore, we analyzed data regarding HRT use from a large case-control study designed to study genetic susceptibility to lung cancer to determine whether HRT affected risk of lung cancer.</AbstractText>In... |
2,312,298 | Relationships between hormonal status and cataract in french postmenopausal women: the POLA study. | Prevalence rate of cataract is higher in women than in men. Sex hormones have been hypothesized to be linked with this gender difference. Our aim is to study the relationships between hormonal status and cataract in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>The Pathologies Oculaires Liées à l'Age (POLA) study is a ... |
2,312,299 | The effects of HRT on screening mammography. | The effects of hormone replacement therapy on screening for breast cancer by mammography are reviewed. There is a decline in specificity in screen mammography for women over the age of 50 taking oral preparations, The use of HRT also reduces the sensitivity of breast screening by regular mammography. |
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