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2,312,300 | Menopausal hormone therapy decisions: insights from a multi-attribute model. | A multi-attribute utility (MAU) decision model for menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was developed using structured interviews (n=40) to identify decision factors, and a telephone survey (n=97) to ascertain utility scores. Utility scores for individual factors and composite scores reflecting the HRT decision... |
2,312,301 | Hormone use and cognitive performance in women of advanced age. | To explore the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and cognitive performance in a group of elderly women (>/=75) using a battery of well-standardized neuropsychological instruments.</AbstractText>Equivalent samples from existing cohort.</AbstractText>Healthcare provider organization.</AbstractText>... |
2,312,302 | Swine waste treatment by self-heating aerobic thermophilic bioreactors. | Pig manure represents a very high-strength wastewater that is well suited for a self-heating aerobic thermophilic treatment. Here we report the use of 59-L Aerobic Thermophilic Sequencing Batch Reactors (AT-SBR) to study the treatment of pig manure with a HRT of 6 days. Temperatures up to 75 degrees C were reached with... |
2,312,303 | [The metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women. Clinical implications]. | Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the major cause of death in postmenopausal women. Before menopause, women are relatively protected from ischemic heart disease and thromboembolism by their circulating estrogens, but this protection is lost after menopause. Following menopause, adverse lipid changes occur and the le... |
2,312,304 | Microbial kinetic analysis of three different types of EBNR process. | The disadvantages of developed biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes (additional energy for liquid circulation and addition of external carbon substrate for denitrification in anoxic zones) were improved by reconfiguring the process into (1) an anaerobic zone followed by multiple stages of aerobic-anoxic zones (T... |
2,312,305 | Clinical monograph: hormone replacement therapy. | For decades, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which includes both estrogen and progestin, has been administered to postmenopausal women to mainly treat the symptoms of menopause and help prevent osteoporosis, with the added benefit of preventing coronary heart disease (CHD). Recently released study results have left ... |
2,312,306 | [Performance and its influencing factors of a zeolite biofilter for dilute domestic wastewater treatment]. | To reuse dilute domestic wastewater in power plant region as the makeup of recirculating cooling water, a renovate reactor--zeolite media biological aerated filter (ZBAF) was developed. A pilot scale ZBAF of 0.2 m in diameter and 3 m in media height was tested to treat dilute domestic wastewater. The results showed tha... |
2,312,307 | Effect of tamoxifen on breast tissue density in premenopausal breast cancer. | It has been established that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases breast tissue density on mammography in up to 30% of women receiving treatment. The effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) on breast tissue have received limited attention, although there have been several reports of tamoxifen d... |
2,312,308 | Effect of simvastatin on serum C-reactive protein during hormone replacement therapy. | Because statins seem to attenuate the early, increased cardiovascular hazard induced by hormone replacement therapy (HRT), we treated 16 postmenopausal hypercholesterolemic women with coronary artery disease with combined HRT, simvastatin, and the combination of HRT and simvastatin in a double-blind, crossover, placebo... |
2,312,309 | Use of hormonal replacement therapy after treatment of breast cancer. | To review the use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) after treatment of breast cancer.</AbstractText>The effect and role of estrogens on breast cancer.</AbstractText>Improved health and quality of life for women with breast cancer.</AbstractText>References were collected through MEDLINE searches up to 2002.</Abstrac... |
2,312,310 | Revised key messages for hormone replacement therapy from the New Zealand Guidelines Group. | The publication of the Women's Health Initiative Study in 2002 has led to changes in the advice for women considering hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Along with other organisations worldwide, the New Zealand Guidelines Group (NZGG) revised their key messages for the appropriate prescribing of HRT. Long-term HRT ... |
2,312,311 | Influence of fluor salts, hormone replacement therapy and calcitonin on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF-II and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in human iliac crest bone matrix from patients with primary osteoporosis. | Data from cell culture experiments suggest that local growth factors (GFs) may mediate the effects of estrogens, calcitonin or fluor ions on the skeleton. To assess the in vivo relevance of the in vitro reports, the effect of fluor salts, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcitonin on the concentrations of IGF-I, ... |
2,312,312 | The effects of transdermal and oral oestrogen replacement therapy on colorectal cancer risk in postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was to examine the effects of oral and transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy on the risk of colorectal cancer. Data from a nested case-control study, designed to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on colorectal cancer were analysed. New cases of colorectal cancer, diag... |
2,312,313 | Treatment of climacteric symptoms with herbal formulas of traditional Chinese medicine. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not successful or is contraindicated for the treatment of climacteric symptoms in some patients. To investigate whether certain herbal formulas of traditional Chinese medicine (Kampo in Japanese) could be used as an alternative treatment, a longitudinal 'before and after' comparativ... |
2,312,314 | [Hormone replacement therapy in menopause and risk of breast cancer]. | Many studies have analysed the relation between hormone replacement therapy use and breast cancer risk. We performed a synthesis of their results based on a meta-analysis published in 1997, on fifteen observational studies published afterwards, and on a recent randomised trial. The accumulated evidence shows a higher r... |
2,312,315 | Knowledge and use of hormone replacement therapy among Polish women: estimates from a nationally representative study--HORTPOL 2002. | To evaluate the knowledge about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the prevalence of its current use in Polish female population.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional survey on a representative sample of 1544 women between 18 and 87 years of age.</AbstractText>Almost half of the Polish women have heard of HRT. Depending on... |
2,312,316 | Estrogenic activities of Ginkgo biloba extracts. | Ginkgo biloba extracts (GBE) are extracted from the leaves of Ginkgo biloba tree. GBE contains 24% of phytoestrogens, which is kaempferol, quercetin, and isorhamnetin. It has been reported that phytoestrogens could be a part of SERMs (Selective estrogen receptor modulators) and possibly the alternative HRT (Hormone rep... |
2,312,317 | [To inhibit ERK for enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity of drug-resistance cell lines of leukemia and ovarian carcinoma]. | The aim was to study the roles of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK) and telomerase activity in drug resistance of human leukemia and ovarian carcinoma cells. Flow cytometry was used to analyze apoptosis rate. Telomere repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) and bioluminescence analysis method were used for det... |
2,312,318 | Treating hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: a review of alternative treatments to hormone replacement therapy. | As the number of breast cancer survivors continues to grow, factors associated with quality of life are receiving increased clinical and research attention. This attention is imperative given the aftermath of psychological and physiologic side effects that commonly result from a cancer diagnosis and cancer-related trea... |
2,312,319 | Correlation between a disc hemorrhage and peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma patients with a unilateral disc hemorrhage. | To investigate the correlation between a disc hemorrhage and peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma patients with a unilateral disc hemorrhage.</AbstractText>The 44 glaucoma patients (7 with primary open-angle glaucoma and 37 with normal-tension glaucoma) with a unilateral disc hemorrhage from June 1997 to November 2002 wer... |
2,312,320 | Towards evidence-based management of inherited breast and breast-ovarian cancer. | Inherited breast-ovarian cancer was described in 1866. The underlying genetic defects in BRCA1/2 were demonstrated 128 years later. We now have 10 years of experience with genetic testing in BRCA kindreds. The majority of breast cancer kindreds (familial breast cancer) do not demonstrate ovarian cancer and are not asso... |
2,312,321 | The characteristics of malignant breast tumors in hormone replacement therapy users versus nonusers. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of breast cancer in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users vs. nonusers.</AbstractText>We investigated the characteristics of all patients between the ages of 50 and 75 years with breast tumors. Then, an age-adjusted group of 55 nonusers was chosen to ma... |
2,312,322 | Quantitative ultrasound at the hand phalanges in women on hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of the observational study was to evaluate the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the results of quantitative ultrasound (US) at the hand phalanges in 732 women (mean age about 53 years). Among them were 228 postmenopausal women treated within 6 months after the last menstrual bleeding (group 1),... |
2,312,323 | Regression analyses and motile sperm subpopulation structure study as improving tools in boar semen quality analysis. | A precise estimation of the fertilizing ability of a boar ejaculate would be very useful to improve pig assisted reproduction results. For this purpose, we tested the mathematical combination of several parameters of the boar semen quality analysis, including the computer-assisted semen motility analysis (CASA), as a p... |
2,312,324 | A case-control study on the effect of hormone replacement therapy on ischaemic heart disease. | Many clinicians believe that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protects against coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. However, recent reports have cast some doubt on this because of lack of dose-response or duration-response effects. Since CHD is common in women--about half of all postmenopausal women will get it and ... |
2,312,325 | Performance of subsurface flow constructed wetland taking pretreated swine effluent under heavy loads. | Subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SSFCW) subjected to changing of loading rates are poorly understood, especially when used to treat swine waste under heavy loads. This study employed a SSFCW system to take pretreated swine effluent at three hydraulic retention times (HRT): 8.5-day HRT (Phase I), 4.3-day HRT (Phase... |
2,312,326 | Hormone replacement therapy and acute coronary outcomes: methodological issues between randomized and observational studies. | A large number of observational studies, supported by animal and basic research studies, have shown a protective effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on acute coronary outcomes. The recent large randomized Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study reported the opposite result, i.e. a small risk increase of 29% for a... |
2,312,327 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on serum total homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women. | To assess the effect of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or tibolone on serum total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Ninety-five postmenopausal women aged 41-68 years were included in the study. Seventy-three women with climacteric complaints, osteopenia or osteopor... |
2,312,328 | Applications of polymorphisms and pharmacogenomics in obstetrics and gynecology. | The number of reports investigating disease susceptibility based on the carriage of low-penetrance, high-frequency polymorphisms has steadily increased over the last years. Evidence based on meta-analyses of individual case-control studies is accumulating, defining specific individual variations in disease susceptibili... |
2,312,329 | Enrichment of nitrifying microbial communities from shrimp farms and commercial inocula. | Nitrifying bacteria were selected from shrimp farm water and sediment ("natural" seed) in Thailand and from commercial seed cultures. The microbial consortia from each source giving the best ammonia removal during batch culture pre-enrichments were used as inocula for two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Nitrifiers we... |
2,312,330 | Hazardous waste landfill leachate treatment using an activated sludge-membrane system. | This research was aimed to investigate the capability of a combined system of activated sludge and microfiltration processes with backflushing technique to reduce organic carbon and nitrogen compounds in hazardous landfill leachates. The experiments included acclimation, batch and continuous processes. The continuous p... |
2,312,331 | Biological phosphorus removal from a phosphorus-rich dairy processing wastewater. | Dairy industry processing wastewaters consist mainly of dilutions of milk, milk products and cleaning solutions and, depending on the processes used, may be rich in phosphorus. In New Zealand and internationally, chemical removal of phosphorus is typically the phosphorus removal method of choice from dairy processing w... |
2,312,332 | Biological nitrification and denitrification of opto-electronic industrial wastewater. | Development and application of biological nutrient removal processes accelerated significantly over the past decade due to more stringent nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) discharge limits being imposed on wastewater treatment plants. The opto-electronic industry has developed very fast over the past decade in the wo... |
2,312,333 | Advanced nitrogen elimination by encapsulated nitrifiers. | By introducing a mixed population of nitrifiers encapsulated in gel lens beads a more selective nitrification process was found in treatment of settled sewage in lab scale at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 30 to 60 minutes. The reaction rates for oxidation of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) were found ... |
2,312,334 | Nitrogen removal from digester supernatant via nitrite--SBR or SHARON? | Separate biological elimination of nitrogen from the digester supernatant of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was investigated in pilot and full-scale plants. Denitrification mainly via nitrite was achieved in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and a continuous flow reactor (CSTR or SHARON). Suppression of n... |
2,312,335 | [Cyproterone acetate improves beta-cell function in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus type 2]. | Menopause is associated with two main risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus--impaired beta-cell insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Physiologically estrogens improve carbohydrate metabolism, but this is not the case with different progestogens. The aim of the present study was to evaluate t... |
2,312,336 | EMMC process for combined removal of organics, nitrogen and an odor producing substance. | In order to improve the process performance regarding the removal of organics, nitrogen, and an odor-causing compound (sulfide) contained in domestic wastewater, an entrapped-mixed-microbial cell (EMMC) with and without humic substances for both fixed and moving carrier reactors and conventional suspended growth cultur... |
2,312,337 | No effect of HRT on health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women with heart disease. | Previous clinical studies suggest hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alleviates menopausal symptoms and may improve health-related quality of life (HRQL). Most studies on HRT and HRQL were limited in duration (12 months or less) and scope (few and non-standard HRQL measures). The aim of this paper is to assess HRQL in t... |
2,312,338 | Serum estradiol concentration as measured by HPLC-RIA and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women during hormone replacement therapy. | To determine the relationship between the serum estradiol concentration and bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women treated with conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) every other day and every day.</AbstractText>Eighty-four postmenopausal women were random... |
2,312,339 | Enhanced ammonia nitrogen removal using consistent biological regeneration and ammonium exchange of zeolite in modified SBR process. | The modified zeo-SBR is recommended for a new nitrogen removal process that has a special function of consistent ammonium exchange and bioregeneration of zeolite-floc. Three sets of sequencing batch reactors, control, zeo-SBR, and modified zeo-SBR were tested to assess nitrogen removal efficiency. The control reactor c... |
2,312,340 | Development of a biological filtration model applied for advanced treatment of sewage. | A mathematical model of biological filtration process is developed in this paper. A biological filtration process has advantages that filtration action and biological activities are combined in a single reactor with aid of filter media. Both physical and biological functions are incorporated in this developed model to ... |
2,312,341 | [Changes in bone density in hemodialysed women treated with transdermal hormone replacement therapy]. | Renal insufficiency in women can cause menstrual disturbances and changes of hormonal profile leading to the decrease of bone mass density. Drug administration during dialysis also influences the bone density and increases the risk of osteoporosis. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of transdermal hormonal re... |
2,312,342 | An overview of nomegestrol acetate selective receptor binding and lack of estrogenic action on hormone-dependent cancer cells. | The specific pharmacological profile of the 19-norprogestin nomegestrol acetate (NOMAC) is, at least in part, defined by its pattern of binding affinities to the different steroid hormone receptors. In the present study, its affinity to the progesterone receptor (PgR), the androgen receptor (AR) and the estrogen recept... |
2,312,343 | Overview on the effects of progestins on bone. | In view of the fact that fractures are the clinically relevant events, risk factors for fractures are discussed first. Bone mineral density (BMD) appears to be a much less important risk factor for the most severe hip fractures than the risk of falling. No results of experimental studies on hormones and fractures at ad... |
2,312,344 | Differential effects of progestins on hemostasis. | Recently large, prospective, randomized studies on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have indicated that the progestin use might interfere with hemostasis and thus increase venous thrombotic events. Therefore, available publications were evaluated to determine whether progestins interfere with hemostasis, either when g... |
2,312,345 | Managing the menopause - British Menopause Society Council consensus statement on hormone replacement therapy. | The British Menopause Society Council aims to aid health professionals to inform and advise women about the menopause. The oestrogen plus progestogen arm of the Women's Health Initiative was stopped in July 2002. This guidance regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use responds to the results and analysis that hav... |
2,312,346 | Menopause, mood and management. | Although the short-term and long-term clinical benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well documented, there is a growing revival of interest in psychosocial and holistic approaches to the menopause and its treatment. The menopause occurs at a time of life when women are facing many threats and challenges, a... |
2,312,347 | Clinical efficacy and safety of combined estradiol valerate and dienogest: a new no-bleed treatment. | A combination of 2 mg estradiol valerate with 2 mg dienogest (E2V/DNG) (Climodien, Schering AG, Berlin, Gemany) is the first continuous combined postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preparation to contain a progestogen with substantial antiandrogenic activity. A study of its clinical efficacy and safety in ... |
2,312,348 | Alternatives for optimal hormone replacement therapy. | To satisfy the needs of women with a wide variety of different medical histories and preferences, a wide choice of various forms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is desirable. The potential long-term benefits of HRT, in terms of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and dementia, require good compliance, which in tu... |
2,312,349 | [Evaluation of endometrial biopsy in postmenopausal women before HRT]. | One of the reasons for not commencing or withdrawal of HRT in women is their fear for breast and endometrial cancers. Does ultrasonographic valuation guarantee sufficiently patient's safety? Most investigators do not recommend further endometrial diagnostics with endometrial thickness less than 4 mm. Endometrial biopsy... |
2,312,350 | Short-term biologic response to withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy in patients with invasive breast carcinoma. | The biologic effect of continuing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after a diagnosis of breast carcinoma is unclear. The goal of rhe current study was to determine the short-term effect of HRT withdrawal on invasive breast carcinoma using biologic surrogate markers of tumor response.</AbstractText>The study was perfor... |
2,312,351 | Use of dydrogesterone as a progestogen for oral contraception. | Dydrogesterone is a potent orally active progestogen that has been used in clinical practice for over 40 years. Chemically, it belongs to the class of retrosteroids. Dydrogesterone is closely related to endogenous progesterone. It differs from most other synthetic progestogens in that it has no estrogenic, androgenic, ... |
2,312,352 | Clinical experience with trimegestone as a new progestin in HRT. | Trimegestone (TMG) is a novel, 19-norpregnane progestin, which demonstrates endometrial selectivity with a reduced progestin-related side effect profile when compared to several other currently marketed progestins. TMG has been studied in combination with 17beta-estradiol (17beta-E2) and conjugated equine estrogens (CE... |
2,312,353 | Nestorone: clinical applications for contraception and HRT. | The 19-nor derivatives of progesterone are referred to as "pure" progestational molecules as they bind almost exclusively to the progesterone receptor (PR) without interfering with receptors of other steroids. In this category is Nestorone, which has strong progestational activity and antiovulatory potency with no andr... |
2,312,354 | Progesterone involvement in breast development and tumorigenesis--as revealed by progesterone receptor "knockout" and "knockin" mouse models. | In light of recent clinical trials, the debate concerning the risks and benefits of progestin-based postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has reached a renewed level of urgency. Irrespective of the position taken, the consensus is that more basic research needs to be performed to address progesterone's funda... |
2,312,355 | Why do professionals disagree? The case of hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease prevention. | Why have professionals disagreed about whether midlife women should be advised to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD)? Because the evidence has been incomplete and could be interpreted differently by different professionals, the question with regard to HRT and CHD preven... |
2,312,356 | Pharmacological prevention of breast cancer: quo vadis? | Although tamoxifen reduces breast cancer incidence by 30-40% in at-risk subjects, its adverse events may be a limiting factor. Thus, different strategies are being pursued to improve the risk:benefit ratio of breast cancer chemoprevention intervention. Firstly, raloxifene is being compared with tamoxifen in a phase-III... |
2,312,357 | Hormonal replacement therapy and evaluation of intrauterine pathology in postmenopausal women: a ten-year study. | To evaluate the role of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in determining: a) abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB); b) increased endometrial thickness at transvaginal sonography (TVS); c) the correct indication for outpatient hysteroscopy (HS) and biopsy in diagnosing intrauterine pathology.</AbstractText>Between April 1991... |
2,312,358 | Association of regimens of hormone replacement therapy to prognostic factors among women diagnosed with breast cancer aged 50-64 years. | This study was conducted to assess the histopathological features of breast cancers in women diagnosed with breast cancer at 50-64 years of age who have and have not used hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A case-case analysis of the tumors from women aged 50-64 years who participated in a multicenter population-based ... |
2,312,359 | Circulating levels of osteoclast activating cytokines, interleukin-11 and transforming growth factor-beta2, as valuable biomarkers for the assessment of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of osteoclast activating cytokines, interleukin-11 (IL-11) and transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) in the assessment of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO). Eighty postmenopausal osteoporotic women with lumbar spine bone mineral densities (BMD)... |
2,312,360 | Identification of BOIP, a novel cDNA highly expressed during spermatogenesis that encodes a protein interacting with the orange domain of the hairy-related transcription factor HRT1/Hey1 in Xenopus and mouse. | Hairy-related transcription factor (HRT/Hey) genes encode a novel subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors related to the Drosophila hairy and Enhancer-of-split (E(spl)) and the mammalian HES proteins that function as downstream mediators of Notch signaling. Using the yeast two-hybrid approach, ... |
2,312,361 | [Optic disk drusen: what are the advantages of the new imaging techniques?]. | This study reports four clinical cases of papillary drusen associated with OHT. The authors show the advantages of HRT, OCT2, and GDx for exploring the optic nerve and/or the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). The repercussions of drusen on the optic nerve head may precede visual field failure. Better knowledge of the i... |
2,312,362 | [HRT and glaucoma surgery follow-up]. | Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) analysis of the optic nerve might be temporarily modified after glaucoma surgery. However, optimal follow-up of glaucoma patients requires comparing reliable optic nerve images. The aim of this study was to define the consequences of glaucoma surgery on HRT measurements. Results showe... |
2,312,363 | CNS: sex steroids and SERMs. | The central nervous system (CNS) is one of the main target tissues for sex steroid hormones, which act both through genomic mechanisms, modulating synthesis, release, and metabolism of many neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, and through nongenomic mechanisms, influencing electrical excitability, synaptic function, an... |
2,312,364 | Androgens and antiandrogens. | The role of androgens in women's health has been generally neglected. Currently available assays are lacking in sensitivity and reliability at the lower ranges. Circulating androgens as prohormones for other steroids (e.g., androgens) have an ubiquitous role on diverse physiological and behavioral systems. Clinical ass... |
2,312,365 | Serum levels of estradiol and testosterone and performance in different cognitive domains in healthy elderly men and women. | Sex hormones could protect against age-related cognitive decline in elderly men and women. We investigated the relationships between serum total testosterone (TT), total estradiol (TE2) levels and cognitive function in 145 non-demented elderly volunteers (aged 61-91 years) who were not using hormone replacement therapy... |
2,312,366 | Prevalence and persistence of human papillomavirus in postmenopausal age women. | Little is known about the prevalence and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in older women, or about the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and HPV detection. Like oral contraceptives, HRT hormones may upregulate viral expression and subsequent risk of genital cancer. Postmenopausal women ... |
2,312,367 | [Study of agreement of optic nerve head topography parameters]. | To evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of parameters of optic nerve head by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>Optic nerve heads from 50 eyes (30 subjects) were imaged with the HRT. Three ophthalmologists majoring in glaucoma traced the disc margin with a contour line. One of these obse... |
2,312,368 | Compliance with hormone replacement therapy at Songklanagarind Hospital. | To determine compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) over a 2-year period, reasons for discontinuing HRT and the factors associated with non-compliance.</AbstractText>A total of 202 women attending the menopause clinic at Songklanagarind Hospital and taking HRT were included in this retrospective study. Compl... |
2,312,369 | Role of reproductive factors in hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on hepatitis B- and C-related risk. | Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in men than in women. Estrogen may play some role in the development of HCC. We conducted a multicenter case-control study to evaluate the effects of reproductive factors on HCC risk, and to assess whether the association between each factor and HCC differs between hepat... |
2,312,370 | The role of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in postmenopausal health. | Concerns about long-term therapy with HRT have recently highlighted interest in a class of compounds active in the estrogen receptor, but with selectivity in their actions, known as the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Tamoxifen is recognized as the first widely marketed SERM, but its selectivity focuses... |
2,312,371 | Breast cancer and hormonal replacement therapy. | Understanding the association between hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the diagnosis of breast cancer, and the clinical outcome of women who develop breast cancer in the setting of HRT continue to present important challenges for health professionals and the public. The general impression in the medical community is ... |
2,312,372 | Differential sensitivity to short-chain ceramide analogues of human intestinal carcinoma cells grown in tumor spheroids versus monolayer culture. | The cytotoxic activity of short-chain (C(2)) ceramide was evaluated in human intestinal carcinoma cells grown as multicellular tumor spheroids versus the same cells cultured as monolayers under closely comparable conditions. A decrease in cell number was seen in monolayer cultures of HT-29, Caco-2, and HRT-18 cells, wi... |
2,312,373 | Combined anaerobic-aerobic treatment of landfill leachates under mesophilic, submesophilic and psychrophilic conditions. | As a first step of treatment of landfill leachates (total COD--1,430-3,810 mg/l, total nitrogen 90-162 mg/l), a performance of laboratory UASB reactors has been investigated under mesophilic (30 degrees C), sub-mesophilic (20 degrees C) and psychrophilic (10 degrees C) conditions. Under hydraulic retention times (HRT) ... |
2,312,374 | Decentralised treatment of concentrated sewage at low temperature in a two-step anaerobic system: two upflow-hybrid septic tanks. | The decentralised treatment of concentrated sewage (about 3,600 mgCOD/l) at low temperature was investigated in a two-step anaerobic system: two-anaerobic hybrid (AH) septic tanks (each 0.575 m3). The two reactors were placed in a temperature controlled-room and the HRT was 2.5 days for each reactor. The system was fed... |
2,312,375 | Impact of temperature on performance, microbiological, and hydrodynamic aspects of UASB reactors treating municipal wastewater. | The present study examined the feasibility of treating municipal wastewater by a UASB system under low-temperature conditions. Two reactors were started-up at 20 degrees C and subsequently operated at temperatures of 32, 20, 15, 11, and 6 degrees C applying several hydraulic retention times (HRTs) ranging from 48 to 3 ... |
2,312,376 | Sequential anaerobic/aerobic biotreatment of bark leachate. | Bark leachate is generated from sawmill operations such as log storage sites and contains polymeric tannins, carbohydrates, organic acids, phenolic and resin compounds. The present study was aimed at assessing the performance of a sequential anaerobic and aerobic treatment, for both chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phe... |
2,312,377 | Does participation in an epidemiological study improve appropriate prescription of screening mammography for asymptomatic women? | To analyze the effect of participating in an epidemiological study on quality of care (i.e., appropriate prescription of mammographic screening), we have analyzed data collected in the framework of a cross-sectional study conducted in Italy among women attending menopause clinics.</AbstractText>In 1997, a large cross-s... |
2,312,378 | [Fractures in postmenopausal women in the IMSS: frequency and costs of hospital care]. | To analyze the frequency and costs of hospitalary care due to fractures in postmenopausal period occurred in Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS).</AbstractText>Study about hospitalary discharges in IMSS, among 2000-2001, with diagnosis of hip, distal forearm and vertebral fractures, with an analysis by sex and ... |
2,312,379 | [Correlation between confocal tomography of the optic nerve (HRT) and the perimetric frequency doubling technology]. | To correlate the five phases of optic nerve (ON) damage staging, as assessed by means of confocal tomography (HRT) with the five stages of visual field, assessed by conventional perimetry (standard automatic perimetry, SAP) and classified in five stages according to the "GLAUCOMA STAGING SYSTEM". The second step was to... |
2,312,380 | The optimum operational condition of membrane bioreactor (MBR): cost estimation of aeration and sludge treatment. | A methodology to obtain the most economical operational condition of membrane bioreactor (MBR) is developed. In order to achieve the optimum design parameters of MBR with which operational costs are minimized, aeration and sludge treatment costs were estimated for various operational conditions. Generally sludge treatm... |
2,312,381 | [Hormone replacement therapy one year after the results of the Women's Health Initiative]. | The currently reported data concerning the large WHI randomized controlled trial compare the impact of continuous combined conjugated estrogens + medroxyprogesterone acetate vs placebo in postmenopausal women. These results appear largely pessimistic. After 5.2 years of hormone replacement, an excess of coronary heart ... |
2,312,382 | MenoPAUSE: taking a second look at the role of HRT. | HRT should not be used for prevention of cardiovascular and coronary artery disease. While estrogen plays a role in osteoporosis, the bisphosphonates and raloxifene demonstrate equal or superior efficacy for prevention and treatment, compared with HRT. HRT decreases the risk of colon cancer but increases a woman's chan... |
2,312,383 | Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in the endometrium at the end of 2 years' continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. | To evaluate the change of endometrial histology and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) in the endometrium after continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Forty-five postmenopausal women were recruited. All participants received 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) and 2.5 mg medr... |
2,312,384 | Osteoporosis health-related behaviors in secular and orthodox Israeli Jewish women. | To compare patterns of osteoporosis health-related behaviors in peri and postmenopausal ultra-orthodox and secular Jewish women.</AbstractText>Interviews were conducted with 277 Israeli-Jewish women aged 45+. Health behaviors examined included: physical activity, smoking behavior, alcohol consumption, hormone replaceme... |
2,312,385 | Influence of hormonal replacement therapy on the regional cerebral blood flow in postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was evaluation of the influence of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on the regional cerebral blood flow in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>The study group were 20 postmenopausal women, mean age 48.7 years (S.D. +/- 4.9 years). The control group were ten regularly menstruating women, mean age... |
2,312,386 | Hormone replacement therapy, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen in healthy postmenopausal women. | To investigate short-term and long-term effects of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen plasma concentrations in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>In this cross-sectional study 241 healthy postmenopausal women were enrolled. A total of 81 women were receiving t... |
2,312,387 | [Reality of menopausal hormone replacement therapy by French gynaecologists: OCEANIDES, a transversal and longitudinal national epidemiology study]. | To describe the initiation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in standard gynaecological practice in France, and to assess treatment adherence factors at 1 year follow-up.</AbstractText>Six hundred and nineteen gynaecologists distributed on the French territory and 1428 menopausal women were included in a transversal... |
2,312,388 | Preliminary investigation of the potential of four tropical emergent macrophytes for treatment of pre-treated pulp and papermill wastewater in Kenya. | The potential of four aquatic macrophytes for treatment of wastewater in constructed wetlands was investigated in bucket mesocosms at Pan African Paper Mills (E.A) Limited. The buckets were operated as semi-continuous batch reactors with reversed vertical flow for a period of 3 months. Four treatments were applied invo... |
2,312,389 | Nitrogen removal from domestic effluent using subsurface flow constructed wetlands: influence of depth, hydraulic residence time and pre-nitrification. | This paper describes two studies into the BOD and TN removal performance of horizontal subsurface flow wetlands (reed beds) in subtropical Australia. The aim of the first study was to determine the influence of HRT and vertical position on BOD and TN concentration and removal performance in a 0.5 m deep reed bed (Syste... |
2,312,390 | [Results of preventive mammography before initiation of hormone replacement therapy]. | Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm among women, with a peak incidence at an age between 40 and 60. The contemporary guidelines for prophylactic breast cancer screening emphasize on performing an annual mammography, starting at the age of 40.</AbstractText>To analyze the results of the prophylactic mammography an... |
2,312,391 | Cutaneous microvascular effects of mid-term hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women: a prospective placebo controlled trial. | To study the mid-term effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) on cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow and reactivity in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>In a double-blind placebo controlled randomized study, 16 healthy postmenopausal women received either placebo or HRT (micronized estradiol: 1 mg/day,... |
2,312,392 | The value of outpatient hysteroscopy in diagnosing endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy. | This study examined the endometrial pathology in postmenopausal women who had experienced abnormal uterine bleeding, both with and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and who subsequently underwent outpatient hysteroscopy.</AbstractText>This is a retrospective observational and comparative study. Patient data in... |
2,312,393 | A comparison of adductor pollicis fatigue in older men and women. | Sex differences in fatigue resistance of the adductor pollicis (AP) muscle were studied in 24 older adults who were divided into three groups: 12 older men (69.8 +/- 4.60 years), 6 older women not on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (70.2 +/- 4.02 years), and 6 older women on HRT (68.7 +/- 6.47 years). Fatigue in the ... |
2,312,394 | Modeling the annual costs of postmenopausal prevention therapy: raloxifene, alendronate, or estrogen-progestin therapy. | To estimate the annual cost and outcome impacts attributable to raloxifene, alendronate, and estrogen-progestin therapy as prevention therapies among postmenopausal women over the first 7 years of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A budget-impact model was devised to compare the costs, benefits, and cost... |
2,312,395 | [Phytoestrogens in menopausal women: a review of recent findings]. | Many women seek alternatives to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Phytoestrogens are nonsteroidal compounds with estrogenic or antiestrogenic properties. Six of the 16 clinical trials suggest a significant reduction in alleviating symptoms but to a lesser degree than HRT. A meta-analysis showed that phytoestrogens imp... |
2,312,396 | Effects of raloxifene, hormone replacement therapy, and placebo on bone turnover in postmenopausal women. | Raloxifene, a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), increases bone mineral density (BMD), decreases biochemical markers of bone turnover, and prevents incident vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women, while sparing the breast and endometrium from the undesirable stimulation caused by estrogen. ... |
2,312,397 | The other side of estrogen replacement therapy: outcome study results of mood improvement in estrogen users and nonusers. | The effect of estrogen on the brain and body of women is a controversial topic that has received a tremendous amount of attention in the past few years. Recent reviews have focused on hormone replacement therapy (HRT), medical risks, and effects on brain metabolism, cognition, risk of Alzheimer's disease, and mood. Thi... |
2,312,398 | Hormone replacement therapy improves distal radius bone structure by endocortical mineral deposition. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) produces a small increase in bone mineral density (BMD) when measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The corresponding decrease in fracture risk is more impressive, implying that other factors that contribute to bone strength are favourably modified by HRT. We investigated,... |
2,312,399 | Response of estrogen receptor-positive intraabdominal fibromatosis to aromatase inhibitor therapy. | Intraabdominal fibromatosis is a rare tumor-like lesion of uncertain etiology.</AbstractText>A 49-year-old woman underwent abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooophorectomy in 1997 to treat uterine leiomyomata and ovarian fibromatosis. Postoperatively, she received estradiol 2 mg daily as hormone replacement th... |
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