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2,312,400 | Reduction of intracellular pH inhibits constitutive expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in human colon cancer cells. | Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) over-expression is critically involved in tumor formation. Intracellular pH (pHi) has been shown to be alkaline in cancer cells, and to be an important trigger for cell proliferation. This study therefore analyzed the relationship between pHi and COX-2 expression. HRT-18 and Caco-2 cells cultur... |
2,312,401 | Estrogen and non-feminizing estrogen for Alzheimer's disease. | The preventive effect of estrogen on Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become clearer with many epidemiological reports. However, the therapeutic effects of estrogen have been controversial until now. In our trials, estrogen treatment showed a beneficial therapeutic effect for women with mild to moderate AD. Improvement of ... |
2,312,402 | [Serial topographic changes at the optic disc in normal-tension glaucoma viewed with scanning laser tomography]. | To evaluate topographic changes in normal-tension glaucoma using serial optic disc images obtained by scanning laser tomography.</AbstractText>Fifty-six eyes of 30 patients with normal-tension glaucoma were imaged using the Heidelberg Retina Tomography (HRT) four or more times during follow-up periods of more than 3 ye... |
2,312,403 | [The modern methods of monitoring the optic nerve disk and specificity of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in normal-pressure glaucoma]. | The purpose of the case study was to determine an optimal method for monitoring the condition of the optic nerve disk (OND) and for precising the OND peculiarities in patients with normal pressure glaucoma (NPG). A comparison of the OND calculated parameters obtained for 16 patients (31 eyes), both by the "Rodenstock" ... |
2,312,404 | Hormone replacement therapy and heart disease: the remains of the oestrogen hypothesis. | While observational data for postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have shown a protective effect against cardiovascular disease, prospective, randomised trials have demonstrated a harmful effect on the vascular system.</AbstractText>The effects of HRT on lipids, haemostatic parameters, inflammat... |
2,312,405 | Thoughts on individualizing hormone replacement therapy based on the postmenopausal health disparities study data. | This study presents an approach that can be used to address the controversy about the long-term risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Categories of estradiol (E(2)) levels based on the mean and standard deviation (SD) in postmenopausal women not treated with HRT were created. E(2) level... |
2,312,406 | Issues to debate on the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Prescription attitudes among Belgian gynaecologists after premature discontinuation of the WHI study. | A survey was conducted in order to assess the attitude of Belgian practitioners toward HRT, after publication of the results of the 'Women's Health Initiative' (WHI) study.</AbstractText>Using a single case of a 55-year-old woman (no particular medical history, no longer climacteric symptoms), eight clinical case recor... |
2,312,407 | Issues to debate on the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Epidemiology or randomized clinical trials--time out for hormone replacement therapy studies? | Over the last 40 years, there has been increasing epidemiological evidence that post-menopausal treatment with sex steroids in physiological doses may reduce the relative risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These findings have been supported by biological studies showing favourable changes in cardiovascular risk fact... |
2,312,408 | Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. | Recent clinical trials demonstrating that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent coronary heart disease in women have again raised doubts concerning observational studies. Although much of the explanation probably lies in what might be called the "healthy HRT user" effect, another contributing factor may be... |
2,312,409 | The effects of hormone replacement therapy type on pulmonary functions in postmenopausal women. | To study whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or Tibolone has an effect on pulmonary function in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Seventy-five postmenopausal women without any risk factor for pulmonary disease were included in this randomized, prospective study. Fifty women had undergone natural menopause and 2... |
2,312,410 | Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues for endometriosis: bone mineral density. | Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHas) are generally well tolerated, and are effective in relieving the symptoms of endometriosis (Prentice 2003). Unfortunately the low oestrogen state that they induce is associated with adverse effects including an acceleration in bone mineral density (BMD) loss.</Abstract... |
2,312,411 | Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-I, IGF-binding protein 1 and 3, and insulin and endometrial cancer risk. | Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-binding protein-1 and 3 (IGFPB-1, IGFPB-3) are expressed in normal and neoplastic endometrium. Their role and the role of insulin in the aetiology of endometrial cancer, is unclear. We performed a population-based case-control study in Sweden, including 288 endometrial cance... |
2,312,412 | [Depression, menopause and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT)]. | The ovarian failure and the termination of reproductive female functions could influence the mental neurotransmission and the cognitive activity of menopausal women; female menopausal brain, one of the favorite estrogens target, could suffer of a negative homeostasis modification, affecting the daily behavior. So, neur... |
2,312,413 | Statin therapy in the heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study. | Limited data exists to guide secondary prevention in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease (CHD). Treatment with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) is likely to be beneficial for these patients. Yet, clinical trial results are conflicting. Moreover, significant interactions may exist between statins and ... |
2,312,414 | [Aerodiol: the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal estrogen administration. An overview]. | Estrogen supplementation, given mainly by oral or transdermal route has been shown to decrease climacteric symptoms, bone turnover, prevent postmenopausal bone loss, and significantly reduce fracture risk in both early and late postmenopausal women. Estrogens exert their principal biological effects through the actions... |
2,312,415 | Changes in body weight and onset of hypertension in perimenopausal women. | We assessed the determinants of onset of hypertension in a large, prospective population-based study of perimenopausal women from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) study. The data collection started in 1989, when a baseline postal inquiry was sent to all women aged 47-56 years (n=14 220) resid... |
2,312,416 | Dietary genistein results in larger MNU-induced, estrogen-dependent mammary tumors following ovariectomy of Sprague-Dawley rats. | Due to the estrogenic properties of soy-derived isoflavones, many postmenopausal women are using these compounds as a natural alternative to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). How isoflavones impact breast cancer in postmenopausal women is important, because a majority of breast cancer cases occur in this age group. Ch... |
2,312,417 | Estrogen, progesterone and epithelial ovarian cancer. | Ovarian carcinoma (OCa) continues to be the leading cause of death due to gynecologic malignancies and the vast majority of OCa is derived from the ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) and its cystic derivatives. Epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that steroid hormones, primarily estrogens and progesterone, are imp... |
2,312,418 | [Hormone therapy for ophthalmoprophylaxis]. | It has been demonstrated that HRT which was administered directly after the onset of the menopause had vascularprotective and neuroprotective effects. It has therefore hypothesised that eye function could benefit from such treatment.</AbstractText>Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, patient's gynaecological and ophtha... |
2,312,419 | A prospective study of different types of hormone replacement therapy use and the risk of subsequent breast cancer: the women's health in the Lund area (WHILA) study (Sweden). | Reports suggest that combined estrogen plus progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) confers a higher breast cancer risk than estrogen alone. We aimed to establish whether breast cancer risk depends on the type of HRT formula.</AbstractText>The cohort consisted of 6586 women, aged 50-64 years, from the Lund area, Sw... |
2,312,420 | Postmenopausal breast cancer risk in relation to sex steroid hormones, prolactin and SHBG (Sweden). | High levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin have been suggested to enhance breast cancer development. Low levels of SHBG may indicate high levels of (bio-available) steroid hormones. The present study investigates whether high levels of sex steroid hormones and prolactin, and/or low levels of SHBG, are associated... |
2,312,421 | Initial angiogenic response in reduced renal mass after transplantation. | Shortage of organs is a major problem in kidney transplantation and requires novel strategies to increase the number of kidney transplants. To reduce the shortage of kidneys, we have proposed transplantation of two halves of one kidney into two recipients (hemirenal transplantation, HRT) and have shown its feasibility ... |
2,312,422 | Membrane bioreactor for the drinking water treatment of polluted surface water supplies. | A laboratory membrane bioreactor (MBR) using a submerged polyethylene hollow-fibre membrane module with a pore size of 0.4 microm and a total surface area of 0.2 m2 was used for treating a raw water supply slightly polluted by domestic sewage. The feeding influent had a total organic carbon (TOC) level of 3-5 mg/L and ... |
2,312,423 | Nylon fibers as supporting media in anaerobic hybrid reactors: it's effects on system's performance and microbial distribution. | The performances of three anaerobic hybrid reactors with various nylon fiber densities per packed bed volume (33, 22, and 11 kg/m(3) in R1, R2, and R3, respectively) as supporting media were evaluated through their ability to remove organic compounds in cassava starch wastewater. In addition, the distributions of non-m... |
2,312,424 | [Comparison of changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover after 6 months of hormone replacement therapy with either transdermal 17 beta-estradiol or equine conjugated estrogen plus nomegestrol acetate]. | To compare changes in biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal women who received sequential discontinuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with either transdermal 17 beta-estradiol gel (group 1) or oral equine sulfoconjugated estrogen (group 2), plus nomegestrol acetate.</AbstractText>Prospective, open,... |
2,312,425 | Comparison of long-term fluctuations: laser scanning tomography versus automated perimetry. | The aim of our study was to investigate the long-term variability of laser scanning tomography and to compare it with the long-term variability of automated perimetry.</AbstractText>We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 199 patients (394 eyes) who underwent both automated perimetry (Octopus) and laser scanning tomo... |
2,312,426 | [Hormone replacement therapy in breast cancer patients: a study of 230 patients, with a case-control study]. | After recalling the classical contra-indication of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) concerning patients with a personal history of breast cancer (BC), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of Breast Diseases in Saint-Louis hospital in ... |
2,312,427 | Gender differences in depression and response to antidepressant treatment. | Throughout their childbearing years, women are twice as likely as men to experience an episode of major depression. The exact etiology of this difference is unclear, but psychosocial and neurobiologic factors likely contribute. Clinicians should consider gender differences in the phenomenology of depression and respons... |
2,312,428 | Assessment and treatment of hot flushes and menopausal mood disturbance. | More than 1 million women are expected to reach menopause each year, many of whom will experience hot flushes and other neuropsychological symptoms that may diminish their quality of life. Hot flushes are the core symptoms that reflect the brain's response to the changing hormonal milieu of the menopause transition, pa... |
2,312,429 | Interaction of nutritional calcium and HRT in prevention of postmenopausal bone loss: a prospective study. | The aim of this study was to investigate the interactive effects between nutritional calcium (Ca) intake and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone loss. The study population, 937 peri- and postmenopausal women, was selected from a random sample (n = 2025) of the OSTPRE-study cohort (n = 13,100) in Kuopio, Finland. ... |
2,312,430 | Discussing menopause in general practice. | The dual objective is, first, to determine if menopausal women discuss the menopause with a doctor, and if so to which extent; second, to ascertain potential differences between those who do and those who do not.</AbstractText>A postal questionnaire was sent to 1251 Danish women randomly selected among all 51-year-old ... |
2,312,431 | Effects of 5 years of hormonal replacement therapy on menopausal symptoms and blood pressure-a randomised controlled study. | To study the effects of hormonal replacement on hot flushes, other symptoms linked to menopause, and blood pressure.</AbstractText>The study included 1006 early postmenopausal women aged 45-58 years, participating in the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study (DOPS) randomised to Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) (n=502... |
2,312,432 | Female genital tract graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. | Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complex syndrome observed after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) affecting several organs including the lower genital female tract. We tried to evaluate the incidence of genital tract involvement and whether there are specific risk factors.</AbstractText>A retrospective study was ... |
2,312,433 | Isoflavones with supplemental calcium provide greater protection against the loss of bone mass and strength after ovariectomy compared to isoflavones alone. | Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and calcium (Ca) supplementation preserve bone mass more when combined, there is a growing concern over the safety of HRT that necessitates thorough investigation of effective, alternative treatments for bone loss. While plant-derived estrogen-like compounds such as isoflavone... |
2,312,434 | [Phosphorus removal of agriculture wastewater through subsurface constructed wetland]. | Phosphorus removal in subsurface constructed wetland treating agriculture non-pointed wastewater was studied in pilot-scale. The experimental results showed that the removal rates of TP increased with HRT increasing when the nominal hydraulic retention time was less than 5 days. The pH decreased distinctly when the ret... |
2,312,435 | Does estrogen enhance the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine? | While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been shown to be an effective treatment for major depression, preliminary studies suggest that estrogen may potentiate the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.</AbstractText>In an ongoing study, perimenopausal women diagnosed with major depression were rando... |
2,312,436 | Osteoporosis prevention: knowledge and behavior in a southwestern community. | Prior to developing an osteoporosis prevention education program and social marketing campaign, we sought to (a) establish current status of osteoporosis-related knowledge and behavior among women aged 25-55 years in Maricopa County, Arizona, and (b) assess factors that segment the population by age and ethnicity. Two-... |
2,312,437 | [Hormone replacement therapy in the peri-menopausal and post menopausal period: more than half of the women were treated for more than one year]. | To describe the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral contraceptives (OC) among women in the Netherlands in the 45 to 69 years age group during the year 2002.</AbstractText>Descriptive.</AbstractText>Pharmaceutical data on 42,032 women who were in the 45-69 years age group on 31 December 2002 was selected f... |
2,312,438 | Variability of the normalised rim/disc area quotient estimated by laser scanning tomography. A comparison with conventional planimetry. | The introduction of the laser scanning tomograph raises the possibility of the estimation of optic disc morphology in a less subjective and less time-consuming way than the conventional planimetry of fundus photography. The aim of the present study was to estimate the efficiency of the HRT method in a comparison of dat... |
2,312,439 | Continuous biogas production from fodder beet silage as sole substrate. | Since April 2000 a two-step anaerobic plant with two subsequent 500 m3 reactors has been producing biogas from fodder beet silage (pH 3.4-4.1) as the sole substrate. The plant is located at Kirchlengern near Bielefeld, Germany. Initially the reactors were inoculated with swine manure at 37 degrees C. After a start-up p... |
2,312,440 | Phthalic acid esters found in municipal organic waste: enhanced anaerobic degradation under hyper-thermophilic conditions. | Contamination of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) with xenobiotic compounds and their fate during anaerobic digestion was investigated. The phthalic acid ester di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was identified as the main contaminant in OFMSW in concentrations more than half of the threshold value f... |
2,312,441 | Alkaline subcritical-water treatment and alkaline heat treatment for the increase in biodegradability of newsprint waste. | This work describes two alkaline semicontinuous processes for the conversion of refractory organic materials into biodegradable substances. Newsprint was used as a lignocellulosic waste. Methane conversion efficiencies and cellulose removals were investigated for the two following processes: alkaline subcritical-water ... |
2,312,442 | High-rate anaerobic hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sewage sludge in a modified upflow reactor. | Continuous experiments were conducted to study the hydrolysis and acidogenesis of sewage sludge in an upflow reactor with an agitator and a gas-liquid-solid separator. Results of this study showed that 34-78% of volatile suspended solids (VSS) in sewage sludge was hydrolyzed at pH in the range 4.0-6.5, 35 degrees C and... |
2,312,443 | The pros and cons of hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used by over one million women in the UK. It was introduced 70 years ago and during this period many studies have produced evidence on both its harmful and beneficial effects. This article explains HRT and discusses the variety of other preparations available to control the effects ... |
2,312,444 | Cavernous hemangioma of the breast: mammographic and sonographic findings and follow-up in a patient receiving hormone-replacement therapy. | We report the case of a 78-year-old woman who had been receiving hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) for 6 years and had a 4-month history of a painless nodule in the 9 o'clock position in her right breast. Mammography performed 4 years previously had shown a 4-mm bilobed, ovoid, well-defined nodule in that location; mam... |
2,312,445 | Use of hormone replacement therapy among Danish nurses at increased risk of osteoporosis. | Observational studies and recent randomized trials have shown that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures by about 30 to 40%. In this study we used a log linear graphical model to determine whether women with a known increased risk of osteoporosis were more likely... |
2,312,446 | A high-rate secondary treatment based on a moving bed bioreactor and multimedia filters for small wastewater treatment plants. | For small wastewater treatment plants (WWPTs), high-rate secondary treatment systems with good treatment efficiency and easy, stable, and robust operation are called for. In this paper an experimental study on a high rate secondary treatment based on moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and multimedia filters is presented... |
2,312,447 | Aromatic amine degradation in a UASB/CSTR sequential system treating Congo Red dye. | In this study an anaerobic (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor)/aerobic (completely stirred tank reactor) sequential system was used to treat a synthetic wastewater with minerals and co-substrate together with 100-4000 mg L(-1) of Congo Red dye (Direct red 28) (CR), which is a banned azo dye in Turkey. The effect ... |
2,312,448 | The role of DPB at anoxic stage in a novel package type BNR process with batch settler. | In this research, package type BNR process was developed to remove nutrients as well as suspended solids from domestic sewage. The effect of HRT reduction of settler on the removal of pollutants as well as the role of DPBs at anoxic reactor were investigated. The proposed package system was composed of sludge denitrifi... |
2,312,449 | Nitrification-denitrification of opto-electronic industrial wastewater by anoxic/aerobic process. | This research focused on the biological treatment of high-strength organic nitrogen wastewater, and presented the results from the nitrification and denitrification of an actual industrial wastewater using anoxic/aerobic process. The opto-electronic industrial wastewater often contains a significant quantity of organic... |
2,312,450 | Anaerobic biodegradability and treatment of Egyptian domestic sewage. | The anaerobic biodegradability of domestic sewage for four Egyptian villages and four Egyptian cities was determined in batch experiments. The results showed that the biodegradability of the Egyptian-villages sewage (73%) was higher than that of the cities (66%). The higher biodegradability of the soluble COD of villag... |
2,312,451 | Microbial population dynamics in an anaerobic CSTR treating a chemical synthesis-based pharmaceutical wastewater. | Effects of a chemical synthesis based pharmaceutical wastewater on performance of an anaerobic completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR), activity of acetoclastic methanogens and microbial composition were evaluated under various influent compositions. Initially, the CSTR was fed with glucose up to an organic loading rate... |
2,312,452 | Hypogonadism and hormone replacement therapy on bone mass of adult women with thalassemia major. | We studied bone mass and metabolism in 30 adult women (age 28.5 +/- 1.3) with thalassemia major (TM) and evaluated whether prolonged hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was able to optimize bone accrual. TM patients had reduced bone mass, increased bone turnover and lower serum gonadotropin and estradiol levels compared ... |
2,312,453 | Association between a polymorphism affecting an AP1 binding site in the promoter of the TCIRG1 gene and bone mass in women. | The TCIRG1 gene encodes a component of the osteoclast vacuolar proton pump and previous work has shown that inactivating mutations of the TCIRG1 cause autosomal recessive osteopetrosis. In order to determine whether allelic variation in TCIRG1 contributes to the regulation of bone mineral density (BMD) in normal indivi... |
2,312,454 | Influence of serum levels of sex hormones on intraocular pressure in menopausal women. | The purpose of this study was to assess the effect that changes in sex hormone levels have on intraocular pressure (IOP) in menopausal women.</AbstractText>Thirty menopausal women on hormone replacement therapy and 32 menopausal women who had never received hormone replacement therapy (HRT), matched for age and duratio... |
2,312,455 | Sedimentation and prefermentation of domestic wastewater in a fixed bed biofilm reactor. | This investigation was undertaken with the aim of developing a new wastewater prefermentator reactor in order to increase the percentages of sedimentation, hydrolysis and prefermentation of all the organic matter present in the raw wastewater, using only one unit of pre-treatment. The study was carried out using a pilo... |
2,312,456 | Temperature effect on UASB reactor operation for domestic wastewater treatment in temperate climate regions. | The performance of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated for the treatment of domestic wastewater at different operational temperatures (28, 20, 14 and 10 degrees C) and loading rates. For each temperature studied a constant COD(t) removal was observed as long as the upflow velocity was low... |
2,312,457 | Effects of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3 n-9, Mead's acid) on some promalignant-related properties of three human cancer cell lines. | The essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) is a metabolic condition related to cancer development. We studied the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5 n-3) and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA, 20:3 n-9), an essential fatty acid (EFA) and non-EFA respectively, on tumour cells parameters linked to tumour progression and m... |
2,312,458 | Polymorphisms in the CYP19 and AR genes--relation to bone mass and longitudinal bone changes in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy: The Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. | Polymorphisms in the androgen receptor ( AR) gene and genes encoding enzymes involved in synthesis of sex steroids (e.g., the CYP19 gene encoding aromatase) have recently received attention in osteoporosis research. In the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study, recent postmenopausal women were allocated to either hormon... |
2,312,459 | Moderate alcohol consumption, estrogen replacement therapy, and physical activity are associated with increased insulin sensitivity: is abdominal adiposity the mediator? | To investigate 1). associations between environmental factors (alcohol consumption, hormone replacement therapy [HRT], and physical activity) and insulin resistance and secretion, independent of genetic influences; 2). the contribution of abdominal adiposity to these relationships; and 3). whether gene-environment inte... |
2,312,460 | Hybrid reactor for priority pollutant nitrobenzene removal. | The performance of a hybrid reactor, comprising of trickling filter and activated sludge process, in treating nitrobenzene wastewater was investigated. Acetate induced cells of mixed consortia was acclimatized with gradual increase of nitrobenzene concentration up to 90 mg/l in 100 days using sodium acetate as co-subst... |
2,312,461 | Anaerobic biodegradability of water separated from extracted crude oil. | A study of the anaerobic biodegradability of the three categories of water separated from extracted crude oil (Venezuelan oilfields)--light, medium or heavy crude--was carried out at laboratory scale using UASB reactors working at mesophilic conditions. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in a low loaded UASB reactor ... |
2,312,462 | Changes in extracellular matrix proteins in the cardinal ligaments of post-menopausal women with or without prolapse: a computerized immunohistomorphometric analysis. | The precise mechanism of uterine prolapse is poorly understood. There is evidence to suggest that abnormalities of connective tissue structure or its repair mechanism may predispose women to prolapse.</AbstractText>This immunohistochemical study was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of the cardinal ligaments in a... |
2,312,463 | Issues to debate on the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Hormone replacement therapy: an epidemiological dilemma? | In July 2002 the data of the prematurely stopped Estrogen plus Progestin study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) were presented in the Journal of the American Medical Association. The results of the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS/HERS II) were published in the same issue. The results of WHI f... |
2,312,464 | Hormone replacement therapy for symptoms but not for chemoprevention of chronic diseases. | A little dust has settled since last year's news from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trial about the use of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during and after menopause: long-term use may increase a woman's chances of becoming chronically ill (Women's Health Initiative Investigators, 2002). In ... |
2,312,465 | A randomized trial comparing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and HRT plus calcitriol in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis with vertebral fractures: benefit of the combination on total body and hip density. | We report a prospective, randomized, multicenter, open-label 2-year trial of 81 postmenopausal women aged 53-79 years with at least one minimal-trauma vertebral fracture (VF) and low (T-score below - 2) lumbar bone mineral density (BMD). Group HRT received piperazine estrone sulfate (PES) 0.625 - 1.25 mg/d +/- medroxyp... |
2,312,466 | Five weeks of insulin-like growth factor-I treatment does not alter glucose kinetics or insulin sensitivity during a hyperglycemic clamp in older women. | Insulin sensitivity and the activity of the hypothalamic-growth hormone (GH)- insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis both decline with age. Treatment with IGF-I increases insulin sensitivity in healthy young subjects. We hypothesized that increasing plasma IGF-I in postmenopausal women to levels characteristic of yo... |
2,312,467 | Effects of tibolone and conjugated equine estrogens with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate on body composition and fasting carbohydrate measures in surgically postmenopausal monkeys. | The effects of tibolone on body weight, body composition, and fasting carbohydrate measures in surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus monkeys were compared to those of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with and without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Monkeys were fed a moderately atherogenic diet with either no hormon... |
2,312,468 | Aerobic treatment of dairy wastewater with sequencing batch reactor systems. | Performances of single-stage and two-stage sequencing batch reactor (SBR) systems were investigated for treating dairy wastewater. A single-stage SBR system was tested with 10,000 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD) influent at three hydraulic retention times (HRTs) of 1, 2, and 3 days and 20,000 mg/l COD influent at fou... |
2,312,469 | Influence of dietary and genetic factors on metabolic status in obese and lean postmenopausal women. | This preliminary study addressed the possible associations between dietary, genetic and hormonal factors that are involved in the development of menopausal obesity and its metabolic consequences. We performed anthropometrical, hormonal and biochemical measurements and used a nutritional questionnaire on 43 postmenopaus... |
2,312,470 | Combination of statins and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with increased bone mineral density. | Recent studies have shown that statins might be potent inhibitors of bone resorption and osteoclast number, and there is evidence for their bone anabolic effects. Statin treatment seems to protect against non-pathological fractures in older women. However, contradictory findings have been obtained. In this retrospectiv... |
2,312,471 | Endometrial response to a cyclic regimen of percutaneous 17beta-estradiol and low-dose vaginal micronized progesterone in women with mild-to-moderate hypertension. | Endometrial response to natural estradiol and low-dose vaginal progesterone replacement therapy was evaluated in 20 postmenopausal women with chronic, mild-to-moderate hypertension. A cyclic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen was used (21/28 days) with percutaneous estradiol (1.5 mg/day) and vaginal micronized p... |
2,312,472 | Duration of hormone replacement therapy, breast tumour size and grade in a screening programme. | One of the primary adverse effects of long-term use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a modest increase in the risk of breast cancer. Breast tumours that develop in women using HRT have been shown to have prognostically favourable histological features but it is unclear if this is the case for both short- and lon... |
2,312,473 | [Gynecologic applications of genetic variability]. | The characterisation of mutations and polymorphisms has been improved within the last decade. In this respect, the possibilities to define genetic susceptibility to a number of diseases have been established in various populations. As to the field of obstetrics and gynecology, the analysis of polymorphisms may be usefu... |
2,312,474 | Recency and duration of postmenopausal hormone therapy: effects on bone mineral density and fracture risk in the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA) study. | Results from the Women's Health Initiative showed that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents fractures but has an overall unfavorable risk:benefit ratio, leading to the recommendation that HRT be used only for women with troublesome menopause symptoms, and for as short a time as possible. This recom... |
2,312,475 | The aging woman: the role of medical therapy. | The growth of the postmenopausal population demands a change in the medical profession's approach to health and disease. Especially in the developed world, lifespan is increasing, and at the age of 60 the majority of women will still have at least 20 years to live. There will, therefore, be an increasing need for healt... |
2,312,476 | Serum follicle-stimulating hormone level is a predictor of bone mineral density in patients with hormone replacement therapy. | A retrospective study regarding the relationship between serum hormonal levels and bone mineral density (BMD) was performed in 125 women with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Serum estradiol (E(2)), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and BMD were evaluated before and at 12 and 24 months of ... |
2,312,477 | The effects of hormone replacement therapy on cortical bone in postmenopausal women. A histomorphometric study. | Investigations of the actions of estrogen on the skeleton have mainly focused on cancellous bone and there are no reported histomorphometric studies of the effects of oestrogen on cortical bone in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of both conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and hig... |
2,312,478 | [A comparison of visual field and optic disc appearance depending on the peak intraocular pressure in patients with normal-tension glaucoma]. | To investigate the clinical differences between the two groups depending on the peak intraocular pressure(IOP) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma(NTG).</AbstractText>We studied 96 eyes of 48 NTG patients who were hospitalized for diurnal IOP measurement. Then we selected the eye whose peak IOP was higher than the... |
2,312,479 | Hormone replacement therapy--is there a place for its use in neurology? | Stroke remains the third leading cause of mortality in developed countries despite declining tendency over the past decades. As the leading cause of disability and second cause of dementia, primary prevention should be the main way to fight the disease, since therapy is not efficient enough. Several observations pointe... |
2,312,480 | The medicalization of female fertility--points of significance for the study of menopause. | This paper illustrates the need for human biologists to take into account the far-reaching influences of biomedicine in the study of reproductive aging. Data were drawn from western Massachusetts and Puebla, Mexico, to illustrate the effects of hysterectomy rates, tubal ligations and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) o... |
2,312,481 | The risks and benefits of hormonal replacement therapy in healthy women and in breast cancer survivors. | For many years hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has been considered to offer not only effective relief of climacteric symptoms but also a reduction in the risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, plus a possible prevention of cognitive decline. Randomised trials of HRT in women with preexisting coronary heart... |
2,312,482 | Understanding the information needs of women with epilepsy at different lifestages: results of the 'Ideal World' survey. | The impact of some commonly prescribed anti-epilepsy drugs (AEDs) on female health is well documented. Yet many women continue to experience side effects such as menstrual irregularities, interactions with hormonal contraception/HRT and teratogenicity [Seizure 8 (1999) 201] through lack of awareness or opportunity to d... |
2,312,483 | Continuous intrauterine compared with cyclic oral progestin administration in perimenopausal HRT. | Two hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens of combined oral estradiol with either continuous intrauterine or cyclic oral progestin were compared for 2 years.</AbstractText>200 perimenopausal women randomly received an intrauterine system with continuous levonorgestrel release (20 microg/24 h) combined with oral est... |
2,312,484 | Compliance with oral HRT in postmenopausal women in clinical trials--meta analysis. | To assess compliance with oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) over time in postmenopausal women in clinical trials and to examine aspects of study conduct (e.g. randomized vs. nonrandomized design) that might be associated with observed compliance rates.</AbstractText>Aggregation of data from the available published... |
2,312,485 | Are smoking-associated cancers prevented or postponed in women using hormone replacement therapy? | [corrected] To investigate the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT), smoking, and cancer incidence.</AbstractText>Baseline interviews were conducted from 1990 to 1992 in a population-based cohort of 29,508 Swedish women aged 25-65 years with no history of cancer. Cancer incidence in the cohort was ass... |
2,312,486 | Transdermal delivery of sex steroids for hormone replacement therapy and contraception. A review of principles and practice. | The percutaneous route is an effective method for delivery of reproductive hormones. Several transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) releasing estrogens, progestogens and androgens from patches attached to the skin are currently in clinical use. For women, transdermal systems have been developed for hormonal replacement ... |
2,312,487 | [Glaucoma-screening with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II]. | To investigate the clinical usefulness of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II) in glaucoma-screening.</AbstractText>HRT II measurements were performed on 53 glaucomatous, 33 normal and 24 glaucoma suspect eyes. HRT II classification ("glaucoma", "borderline" and "normal") was compared to the classification of cl... |
2,312,488 | Markers of inflammation in women on different hormone replacement therapies. | To measure inflammatory markers in postmenopausal women on different forms of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, plasma viscosity (PV), albumin and white blood cell (WBC) count were determined in 749 postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>CRP concentration was significan... |
2,312,489 | Do perceptions of risk and quality of life affect use of hormone replacement therapy by postmenopausal women? | Although the understanding of the health impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is incomplete, even less is known about the attitudes, perceptions, and motivations of women faced with the decision to use HRT. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relation between HRT use and women's perceptions of the risk... |
2,312,490 | Plasma C-reactive protein is not elevated in physically active postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy. | We tested the hypothesis that hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-related increases in C-reactive protein (CRP) would either be blunted or absent in postmenopausal women who regularly perform endurance exercise. Plasma CRP is an independent predictor of future cardiovascular events in healthy men and women. Oral HRT incr... |
2,312,491 | Recreational physical activity and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in a large cohort of US women. | Due to its potential effects on ovarian hormone production, physical activity has been proposed as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. The authors analyzed data from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort to examine the association between various measures of physical a... |
2,312,492 | Molecular markers in clinical radiation oncology. | Radiation therapy plays a critical role in the management of a majority of patients diagnosed with cancer. Identification of factors that help predict which patients are at risk for relapse within the irradiated field remains an active area of investigation. Although conventional clinical and pathologic factors have be... |
2,312,493 | Hormone replacement therapy in the post-Women's Health Initiative era. Report a a meeting held in Funchal, Madeira, February 24-25, 2003. | Over 24-25 February 2003 in Funchal, Madeira, Novo Nordisk gathered together 25 of the top international hormone replacement therapy (HRT) experts, in order to debate the results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and interpret its possible implications for the future use of HRT. The meeting covered many interestin... |
2,312,494 | An economic analysis of hormone replacement therapy for the prevention of fracture in young postmenopausal women. | Osteoporosis is a major public health problem that will become increasingly important as our population ages. It leads to fractures that deeply affect the patients' quality of life. Osteoporosis is recognised as a leading factor in healthcare cost worldwide. For years, experts have recommended hormone replacement thera... |
2,312,495 | Treatment of spent broth from an antibiotic manufacturing unit using anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor. | Studies on bench scale reactor were undertaken to determine its performance at various organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results indicated BOD and COD removals in the range of 67.2-77.4% and 57.8-69.1% respectively at the OLRs between 0.84 and 2.5 kgCOD/m3 d and HRT of 10 days. Daily ga... |
2,312,496 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on platelet activation in postmenopausal women. | To assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on platelet activation in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.</AbstractText>The expressions of CD41 and CD62P in fifteen postmenopausal women before and after HRT were detected using flow cytometry (FCM), with fifteen premenopausal women wit... |
2,312,497 | Longevity after early surgical menopause-the long-term effect of a permanent cessation of reproductive function and female sex hormone loss. | To investigate longevity in women after bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSOE), not given hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) post-operatively, as compared to the national mean.</AbstractText>Long-term follow-up study of a historical cohort of young women undergoing BSOE in the early 20th century at the General Hospital... |
2,312,498 | Adhesion and migration of HRT-18 colorectal carcinoma cells on extracellular matrix components typical for the desmoplastic stroma of colorectal adenocarcinomas. | Colorectal carcinomas belong to the group of desmoplastic carcinomas which are characterized by an extensive connective tissue stromal component containing a variety of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. The biological importance of desmoplasia is still under discussion. Formerly, it has been regarded as walling off... |
2,312,499 | Hormone replacement therapy: attitude and acceptance of Bangkokian women. | To conduct a hospital-based survey to assess women's attitude and acceptance towards menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>The authors conducted a survey in women who visited the menopause clinic in 5 university and public hospitals in Bangkok. A group of 615 women who lived in those catchment ... |
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