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2,312,600 | Bone metabolism in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma receiving suppressive levothyroxine treatment. | Patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) must receive suppressive levothyroxine (LT(4)) therapy for the rest of their lives. The literature, however, presents conflicting results on how this affects bone metabolism. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the estrogen status and LT(4) therapy, ... |
2,312,601 | Efficacy of soyfoods and soybean isoflavone supplements for alleviating menopausal symptoms is positively related to initial hot flush frequency. | Soy has received attention as an alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) largely because it is a unique dietary source of isoflavones. Isoflavones are diphenolic compounds that have both hormonal and nonhormonal properties and are considered to be selective estrogen receptor modulators. The estrog... |
2,312,602 | A holistic programmatic approach to natural hormone replacement. | With an unprecedented number of women reaching midlife, the impact of menopause has become a significant public health issue. Recent findings have left women and practitioners questioning traditional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and searching for reasonable alternatives. Growing numbers of women in this country ar... |
2,312,603 | [Treatment of wastewater from a toilet for reclamation with a airlift external recirculated membrane bioreactor]. | A new type membrane bioreactor(MBR) coupled with a separated immersed membrane unit was studied for treatment of wastewater from a toilet and for reclamation of the treated water. The results showed that the effluent of the MBR was stable with COD < 47 mg/L, BOD5 < 8.5 mg/L, NH3-N < 20 mg/L, when the influent ... |
2,312,604 | Comparison of data analysis tools for detection of glaucoma with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. | To evaluate the performance of three linear discriminant functions (LDFs) and the Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) in classifying optic disc topography images obtained with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) from patients with open-angle glaucoma and normal controls. Furthermore, to investigate whether the class... |
2,312,605 | Hormone replacement therapy improves membrane fluidity of erythrocytes in postmenopausal women: an electron paramagnetic resonance investigation. | Many studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might provide protection against the development of hypertension and arteriosclerosis in postmenopausal women. However, the precise mechanism underlying its benefits is unclear. This question was addressed in an electron spin resonance (EPR) study of membra... |
2,312,606 | Hormone replacement therapy: to use or not to use? | The main indication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is to control menopausal symptoms and improve quality of life. Ideally, withdrawal of HRT should be attempted after 4-5 years of therapy. HRT reduces fracture risk and remains appropriate therapy for osteoporosis, particularly in women with symptoms. HRT is not ... |
2,312,607 | Physical and mental health: changes during menopause transition. | To measure changes in physical and mental health in six groups of women defined by menopausal status or use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Longitudinal study with 2 years follow-up.</AbstractText>Eight thousand six hundred and twenty three women participating in the Australian Longitudinal Study on... |
2,312,608 | Increased levels of C-reactive protein after oral hormone replacement therapy may not be related to an increased inflammatory response. | It has been suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women is associated with an increased inflammatory response that may trigger acute cardiovascular events. This suggestion is mainly based on the finding of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels after HRT. The aim of the present study was ... |
2,312,609 | Combined biologic (anaerobic-aerobic) and chemical treatment of starch industry wastewater. | A combined biologic and chemical treatment of high-strength (total chemical oxygen demand [CODtot] up to 20 g/L), strong nitrogenous (total N up to 1 g/L), and phosphoric (total P up to 0.4 g/L) starch industry wastewater was investigated at laboratory-scale level. As a principal step for COD elimination, upflow anaero... |
2,312,610 | Electron beam pretreatment of sewage sludge before anaerobic digestion. | The pretreatment of waste-activated sludge (WAS) by electron beam irradiation was studied in order to improve anaerobic sludge digestion. The irradiation dose of the electron beam was varied from 0.5 to 10 kGy. Batch and continuous-flow stirred tank reactors (CFSTRs) were operated to evaluate the effect of the electron... |
2,312,611 | Removal of chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, and heavy metals using a sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment of landfill leachates at 10-30 degrees C. | As a first step of treatment of landfill leachates (total chemical oxygen demand [COD]: 1.43-3.81 g/L; total nitrogen: 90-162 mg/L), performance of laboratory upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactors was investigated under mesophilic (30 degrees C), submesophilic (20 degrees C), and psychrophilic (10 degrees C) conditions.... |
2,312,612 | Anaerobic treatment of animal byproducts from slaughterhouses at laboratory and pilot scale. | Different mixtures of animal byproducts, other slaughterhouse waste (i.e., rumen, stomach and intestinal content), food waste, and liquid manure were codigested at mesophilic conditions (37 degrees C) at laboratory and pilot scale. Animal byproducts, including blood, represent 70-80% of the total biogas potential from ... |
2,312,613 | Pretreatment of swine wastewater using anaerobic filter. | Efforts were made to assess the efficiency of an anaerobic filter packed with porous floating ceramic media and to identify the optimum operational condition of anaerobic filter as a pretreatment of swine wastewater for the subsequent biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus. A stepwise decrease in hydraulic reten... |
2,312,614 | Influences of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal women's health perceptions. | To assess the beliefs of climacteric women regarding their health, menopause, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Medical students asked to interview 526 healthy women, ranging from 40 to 64 years of age, between January and February of 2002. Of that number, 26 (4.9%) declined to participate in the int... |
2,312,615 | Hormone replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer: the role of progestins. | Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This notion is mostly based on studies from the USA. During the last decades unopposed estrogen treatment has been used to a lesser extent, whereas the combined estrogen-progestin treatmen... |
2,312,616 | Hydrogen production with immobilized sewage sludge in three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactors. | Municipal sewage sludge was immobilized with a modified alginate gel entrapment method, and the immobilized cells were used to produce hydrogen gas in a three-phase fluidized bed. The hydrogen-producing fluidized beds were operated at different liquid velocity (U(0)) and hydraulic retention time (HRT). The results show... |
2,312,617 | Sources of information and HRT prescribing practices among gynecologists in Puebla, Mexico. | The purpose of this study was to determine the sources of information and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prescribing practices of gynecologists in the capital city of Puebla, Mexico.</AbstractText>Practicing gynecologists (n=44) in 29 colonias (neighborhoods) in the city of Puebla completed a self-administered stand... |
2,312,618 | The prevalence of symptoms possibly related to the climacteric in pre- and postmenopausal women in Linköping, Sweden. | Some extragenital symptoms have been suggested to be associated with the menopause and thus to be affected by estrogen status. In such case extragenital symptoms may be more frequent in postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT) than in premenopausal women or women using HRT.</AbstractText>To assess... |
2,312,619 | Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss with exchange for short-term HRT for 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. | The present study investigated bone turnover with exchange of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by treatment with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in early postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Subjects included a total of 75 postmenopausal women between 49 and 59 years of age who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gy... |
2,312,620 | Climacteric symptoms and knowledge about hormone replacement therapy among Hong Kong Chinese women aged 40-60 years. | To evaluate the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the prevalence of climacteric symptoms, and the knowledge about HRT.</AbstractText>A prospective study was conducted by telephone interview among a randomly selected population-based sample of 978 Hong Kong Chinese women aged 40-60 years.</AbstractText>Of 414 wo... |
2,312,621 | Pharmacokinetics of oral micronized beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women receiving maintenance hemodialysis. | Although 11% of postmenopausal women with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are prescribed hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the appropriate use remains poorly explored. Although there remains controversy surrounding the benefits of HRT, it may be of particular interest in this population, which has a high risk of bone l... |
2,312,622 | The effect of decision aids on the agreement between women's and physicians' decisional conflict about hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of this secondary analysis was to compare the effects of a tailored decision aid (DA) with those of a pamphlet on the agreement between women's and physicians' decisional conflict about hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A total of 40 physicians and 184 women provided data. The agreement between women's and phy... |
2,312,623 | Treatment of coke-plant wastewater by biofilm systems for removal of organic compounds and nitrogen. | Coke-plant wastewater was treated by an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A(1)-A(2)-O) biofilm system and an anoxic-aerobic (A/O) biofilm system, respectively. At same or similar levels of hydraulic retention time (HRT), the two systems had almost identical chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH(3) removals, but a different organ... |
2,312,624 | Chronic daily headaches: clinical profile in Indian patients. | Chronic daily headache (CDH) remains a relatively unexplored entity in India. Misconceptions are common, unnecessary investigations often done and inappropriate therapy prescribed. Analgesic overuse is seldom recognized. The present report appears to be the first of its kind from India. CDH has been defined as headache... |
2,312,625 | Probability analysis for diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in postmenopausal bleeding: an approach for a rational diagnostic workup. | To develop an analytical approach to estimate the probability of endometrial hyperplasia and cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding, using a combination of patient history and tests.</AbstractText>A prospectively collected database of 428 postmenopausal women investigated for abnormal uterine bleeding in an outpa... |
2,312,626 | Frequency doubling technology and high-pass resolution perimetry in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. | To study the correlation between frequency doubling technology perimetry (FDT) and high-pass resolution perimetry (HRP) in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma, suspect glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and in normal eyes.</AbstractText>Ninety-four patients (162 eyes) were studied. Visual fields were assessed by HRP, FDT... |
2,312,627 | Interaction of fibre type, potentiation and fatigue in human knee extensor muscles. | To examine the effect of fibre type on potentiation and fatigue.</AbstractText>Young men (n = 4 per group) with a predominance of type I [61.4 +/- 6.9% (SD), group I (GI)] or type II [71.8 +/- 9.2%, group II (GII)] fibres in vastus lateralis, performed a fatigue protocol of sixteen 5-s maximal voluntary isometric contr... |
2,312,628 | Alternatives to HRT: an evidence-based review. | In the search for alternatives to HRT--a search motivated by the yearning for "natural" treatments and, more recently, by bad news from HRT trials--herbs and botanicals, and some foods, have received much attention and wide acceptance. This acceptance is, however, based on little more than advertising and consumers' de... |
2,312,629 | [Osteoporosis, estrogens, and bone metabolism. Implications for chronic renal insufficiency]. | The relationship between estrogens, bone metabolism and osteoporosis is well known. Chronic renal failure in women is associated with menstrual disorders, lower bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures. However, most studies on renal osteodystrophy have not taken into account the role of oestrogen deficienc... |
2,312,630 | Hormone replacement therapy causes a decrease in hepatocyte growth factor in hypertensive women. | Serum hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is associated with blood pressure. We investigated whether the serum HGF level differs between hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women (PMW) and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alters the serum HGF level and blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive PMW.</... |
2,312,631 | Determinants of body mass index in women around menopause attending menopause clinics in Italy. | To analyze determinants of body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) in women attending menopause clinics in Italy.</AbstractText>Eligible for the study were women attending a network of first-level outpatient menopause clinics in Italy for general counselling about the menopause or treatment of menopausal symptoms. Women observed ... |
2,312,632 | Nitrogen removal via nitrite at normal temperature in A/O process. | In order to study the nitrogen removal via nitrite at normal temperature in anoxic/oxic (A/O) process for treating domestic wastewater, the influence of pH, free ammonia (FA), dissolved oxygen (DO), and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were studied. Results indicated that it was possible to remove nitrogen via nitrite in... |
2,312,633 | Etidronate and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for postmenopausal women with osteoporosis despite HRT. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective treatment for postmenopausal bone loss and osteoporosis. However, postmenopausal women with low bone mass fail to respond after a few years of HRT and some postmenopausal women show no bone response to HRT. In these cases, additive therapy is necessary. Bisphosphonates are... |
2,312,634 | Effects of short-time (3 months) tibolone treatment on bone turnover in postmenopausal women. | This study was planned to elucidate the effects of tibolone on bone biochemistry parameters in postmenopausal women at 3 month intervals. There were 56 healthy postmenopausal women enrolled in the study. The women had not received hormone replacement therapy (HRT) previously. Tibolone (2.5 mg/day) was prescribed for 3 ... |
2,312,635 | Continuous biotransformation and removal of nitrophenols under denitrifying conditions. | The effect of COD/NO(3)(-)-N ratio on the biotransformation and removal of 2-nitrophenol (2-NP), 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), and 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) was studied in bench scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. Sodium acetate and sodium nitrate were used as electron donor (substrate) and electron accept... |
2,312,636 | Associations between psychological traits and endothelial function in postmenopausal women. | The objective of this study was to determine whether psychosocial risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) are associated with impairments in endothelial function and to determine whether use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can moderate observed associations among women without prior CVD.</AbstractText>Flow-m... |
2,312,637 | Hormone therapy and venous thromboembolism. | Convincing data from randomized trials and observational studies have demonstrated a two- to threefold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women. This risk is highest in the first year of use, but an increased risk persists after the first ... |
2,312,638 | Hormone replacement therapy and endometrial, ovarian and colorectal cancer. | Sex-steroid-related tumours in women are represented by breast cancer and endometrial cancer, but a possible relationship may exist between sex steroids and both ovarian and colon cancer. Unopposed oestrogen therapy is known to increase the risk of endometrial cancer and is appropriate only for hysterectomized women. I... |
2,312,639 | Breast cancer and post-menopausal hormone therapy. | From the introduction of post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) there has been great concern that HRT could possibly increase the risk of breast cancer. Prolonged exposure to endogenous oestrogens undeniably increases the risk of breast cancer. Questions that are important and until now only partly answered,... |
2,312,640 | The menopause and HRT. HRT and cognitive decline. | It is biologically plausible that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) would be protective against cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We review observational and randomized trials to determine whether HRT might protect against cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired and demented women. We also address iss... |
2,312,641 | The menopause and HRT. Urogenital effects of hormone therapy. | The urogenital tract and lower urinary tract are sensitive to the effects of oestrogen and progesterone throughout adult life. Epidemiological studies have implicated oestrogen deficiency in the aetiology of lower urinary tract symptoms occurring following the menopause. Although to date the role of oestrogen replaceme... |
2,312,642 | The menopause and HRT. Prevention and management of osteoporosis. | Post-menopausal osteoporosis is characterized by increased fracture risk due to deficiencies in both the quantity and quality of bone. Assessing fracture risk involves combining clinical risk factors, including fall risks, with bone density testing. Treatment strategies are aimed at reducing fracture risk. General nutr... |
2,312,643 | Hormone replacement therapy and risk for foot, distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis fractures. | This case-control epidemiologic study examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for fractures of four sites among women 45 years of age and older. From October 1996 to May 2001, incident patients with distal forearm ( n=744), foot ( n=618), proximal humerus ( n=331), and pelvis ( n=10... |
2,312,644 | Estrogens: protective or risk factors in brain function? | Over the past century, the average lifespan of women has increased from 50 to over 80 years, but the age of the menopause has remained fixed at 51 years. This "change of life" is marked by a dramatic and permanent decrease in circulating levels of ovarian estrogens. Therefore, more women will live a greater proportion ... |
2,312,645 | Menopause after breast cancer: a survey on breast cancer survivors. | Due to the younger age and the ever wider use of adjuvant chemotherapy and antiestrogens, menopausal symptoms are a frequent cause of concern for breast cancer patients.</AbstractText>To determine the prevalence of menopausal symptoms, and to explore the attitudes toward Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) or other treat... |
2,312,646 | Pathophysiology of endometrial bleeding. | To review the morphological and molecular events responsible for uterine bleeding in health and disease.</AbstractText>Review of pertinent literature focusing on the histology and pathophysiology of normal and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).</AbstractText>The seat of normal menstrual bleeding is located in the upper t... |
2,312,647 | Role of hydraulic retention time and granular medium in microbial removal in tertiary treatment reed beds. | The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and granular medium in faecal coliform (FC) and somatic coliphage (SC) removal in tertiary reed beds. Experiments were carried out in a pilot plant with four parallel reed beds (horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands), e... |
2,312,648 | Correlation analysis of visual field thresholds and scanning laser ophthalmoscopic optic nerve head measurements in glaucoma. | In a cross-sectional study of 50 consecutive primary open-angle glaucoma cases, full threshold 30-2 visual fields on Humphrey Visual Field Analyser were correlated to stereometric parameters obtained using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (HRT II). The strength of linear correlation between the stereometric parameters a... |
2,312,649 | Effects of raloxifene on bone metabolism and serum lipids in postmenopausal women on chronic hemodialysis.<Pagination><StartPage>2269</StartPage><EndPage>2274</EndPage><MedlinePgn>2269-74</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Premature amenorrhea and hypoestrogenis... | Premature amenorrhea and hypoestrogenism and lack of hormone replacement therapy after menopause have been frequently reported in uremic women on dialysis. Therefore, in addition to renal osteodystrophy, postmenopausal women on dialysis could be at risk of osteoporosis. In addition, these patients are at higher risk fo... |
2,312,650 | What factors are associated with a woman's decision to take hormone replacement therapy? Evaluated in the context of a decision aid. | To understand the factors associated with a post-menopausal woman deciding to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after reviewing a decision aid (DA) and having a counselling visit with her physician as well as the factors associated with the act of taking HRT 2 months after the counselling interview.</AbstractText>... |
2,312,651 | [Does grapefruit juice increase the bioavailability of orally administered sex steroids?]. | To verify if and to which extent the interaction with grapefruit juice can increase bioavailability of orally administered sexual steroids.</AbstractText>Pilot pharmacokinetics study.</AbstractText>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Palacký University, Olomouc; ... |
2,312,652 | [Vigabatrin-associated bilateral simple optic nerve atrophy with visual field constriction. A case report and a survey of the literature]. | A 70-year-old male with optic disc pallor and visual field constriction up to 35 degrees bilaterally was previously treated with vigabatrin. The cumulative dosage was 3.7 kg. The b-wave was reduced in photopic and scotopic electroretinography and the patient had delayed visual evoked potentials. The retinal nerve fiber... |
2,312,653 | Ultrasound assessment of endometrial thickness and endometrial polyps in women on hormonal replacement therapy. | This study was performed to evaluate the thickness and the sonographic features of the endometrium in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>This prospective study was based on 483 vaginal ultrasound examinations performed in 238 consecutive postmenopausal women on HRT.</AbstractText>E... |
2,312,654 | Correlation between confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and scanning laser polarimetry in open angle glaucoma. | To correlate the findings of confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and scanning laser polarimetry in diagnosed cases of glaucoma with established visual field defects.</AbstractText>A total of 53 diagnosed cases of primary open angle glaucoma that had at least two recorded of IOP more than 21 mm Hg on Goldmann applana... |
2,312,655 | Nicotine withdrawal and depressive symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence: a comparison of postmenopausal women using and not using hormone replacement therapy. | This study investigated whether taking medications for transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) influenced smoking-cessation variables in postmenopausal women undergoing short-term abstinence from cigarettes. Women were recruited into two groups according to their pre-enrollment medication status--those currently ... |
2,312,656 | Kinetics for substrate utilization and methane production during the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of two phases olive pomace (TPOP). | A kinetic study of the anaerobic digestion process of two phases olive pomace (TPOP) was carried out in a laboratory-scale completely stirred tank reactor at mesophilic temperature (35 degrees C). The reactor was operated at influent substrate concentrations of 34.5 (substrate I), 81.1 (substrate II), 113.1 (substrate ... |
2,312,657 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular disease: current opinion. | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is increasingly being recognised as having a profound effect on women, especially after menopause. Lack of oestrogen has been targeted as one of the reasons for increased incidence of CVD in postmenopausal women. Oestrogen has been found to have favourable effects on lipid profile, tone of ... |
2,312,658 | Comparison of optic disc topography measured by Retinal Thickness Analyzer with measurement by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II. | To compare the optic disc topography measurements from a digitized laser slit-lamp and a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO).</AbstractText>Ten normal subjects (10 eyes) were recruited. Topographic measurements of the optic disc were performed three times in all eyes using the Retinal Thickness Analyzer (RTA) ... |
2,312,659 | Associations between inflammatory markers, traditional risk factors, and complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. | Inflammatory markers predict cardiovascular events in a wide range of patients. Two factors, fibrinogen (FIB) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (CRP), are currently entering clinical practice as cardiovascular risk predictors. In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we sought to examine the relationship betwee... |
2,312,660 | The effect of progesterone and synthetic progestins on serum- and estradiol-stimulated proliferation of human breast cancer cells. | The results from the Women's Health Initiative study on enhanced breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women using an estrogen/progestin combination clearly indicate the need for a comparison of different progestins with regard to cancer risk. To shed some light on this issue, we have investigated the influence of proge... |
2,312,661 | Long-term estrogen and hormone replacement therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. | Recent studies have called into question whether the risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) outweigh its long-term benefits. There is a clear causal relationship between estrogen deficiency and osteoporosis. Postmenopausal status or estrogen-deficiency at any age significantly increases a patient's risk for osteopo... |
2,312,662 | Nitrification, denitrification and biological phosphorus removal in piggery wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor. | Nutrients in piggery wastewater with high organic matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content were biologically removed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with anaerobic, aerobic and anoxic stages. The SBR was operated with 3 cycles/day, temperature 30 degrees C, sludge retention time (SRT) 1 day and hydraulic ret... |
2,312,663 | Intrauterine pathology in women with abnormal uterine bleeding taking hormone replacement therapy. | To assess the frequency of intrauterine pathology among women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) while taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and correlate pathology with clinical features.</AbstractText>Retrospective review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2).</AbstractText>University teaching hospital-base... |
2,312,664 | Trace elements and vitamin levels in menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. | Trace elements are extremely important in human metabolism, growth, and tissue repair. The risk of nutritional disturbances, in particular, vitamin and trace element deficiencies, are striking during menopause. The aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the effect of estrogen treatment on serum levels of copper... |
2,312,665 | Differential effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density and axial transmission ultrasound measurements in cortical bone. | The menopause has a large effect on bone density, and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for preventing postmenopausal bone loss. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of HRT use on speed of sound (SOS) measurements at the radius, tibia, phalanx, and metatarsal with... |
2,312,666 | Bone turnover and body weight relationships differ in normal-weight compared with heavier postmenopausal women. | Low body weight is associated with increased risk for fractures, whereas higher body weight has been shown to be protective against osteoporosis. This study evaluated whether body weight plays a role regulating bone turnover and mass in normal-weight (body mass index (BMI) <25 kg/m2), overweight (BMI 25-29.9 kg/m2) ... |
2,312,667 | Dietary soy protein maintains some indices of bone mineral density and bone formation in aged ovariectomized rats. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, HRT may increase the incidence of some cancers and has other side effects. There is considerable interest in dietary alternatives that include the consumption of soy and isoflavones derived from soy. The purpose of... |
2,312,668 | [The role of hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of women with complicated chronic renal failure]. | Patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) show an increased mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease. Women with CRF are also at high risk of accelerated bone loss and fracture because of complications such as renal osteodystrophy and many endocrine disturbances leading to premature menopause and estrogen de... |
2,312,669 | Increase of estrogen dose deteriorates mood during progestin phase in sequential hormonal therapy. | Previous studies have indicated that the addition of progestins during sequential hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) causes negative mood and physical symptoms. History of premenstrual syndrome, type of progestin, and dose of progestin have thus far been shown to influence the progestin-induced adverse mood symptoms du... |
2,312,670 | Effect of neighborhood social participation on individual use of hormone replacement therapy and antihypertensive medication: a multilevel analysis. | The authors investigated a possible contextual effect of neighborhood on individual use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and antihypertensive medication (AHM) and the impact of neighborhood social participation on individual use of these medications. They attempted to disentangle contextual from individual influenc... |
2,312,671 | Selective optimization in thermophilic acidogenesis of cheese-whey wastewater to acetic and butyric acids: partial acidification and methanation. | For partial acidogenesis of cheese-whey wastewater, a set of experiments were carried out to produce short-chain volatile fatty acids (VFA) in laboratory-scale continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR). The maximum rate of acetic and butyric acid production associated with simultaneous changes in hydraulic retention ti... |
2,312,672 | Statin use and the risk of breast cancer. | The study objective was to investigate a possible association between statin use and breast cancer (BRCA). An historical cohort design based on Saskatchewan's population health services databases was used. All eligible women with > or = 1 statin prescription from 1989 to mid-1997 and an age-sex-matched nonexposed gr... |
2,312,673 | Use of hormone replacement therapy by menopausal women in six family-practice teaching clinics in Israel. | The necessity of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) remains a controversial subject, but guidelines suggest that the subject be discussed with all menopausal women.</AbstractText>To determine the rate of HRT use among women cared for in family-practice, university-affiliated teaching clinics.</AbstractText>Physicians fr... |
2,312,674 | Continuation of hormone replacement therapy after hysterectomy. | To assess long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) usage in women after hysterectomy and to assess the relationship between age and long-term use of HRT in these women. Problems and comments of those women responding to a questionnaire were evaluated.</AbstractText>A postal semistructured questionnaire survey was pe... |
2,312,675 | Phyto-oestrogens and osteoporosis: what is a safe dose? | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for preventing loss of bone following the menopause is utilised by only 8-10 % of possible users, largely due to a fear of increased risk of breast cancer. Plant oestrogen-like compounds (phyto-oestrogens) have been proposed as an alternative to HRT to prevent osteoporosis. One class o... |
2,312,676 | Breast cell proliferation in postmenopausal women during HRT evaluated through fine needle aspiration cytology. | The basis of breast cancer risk associated with hormonal therapies may lie in the regulation of cell proliferation. In a prospective, double-blind, randomized study postmenopausal women were given continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) either as estradiol valerate 2 mg/dienogest 2 mg, (E2V/DNG) or estrad... |
2,312,677 | Histomorphometric evaluation of renal glomeruli exposed to sustained delivery of estrogen using adult ovariectomized rats. | Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) has shown to be efficacious in treatment and preventing of heart disease, osteoporosis and reducing mortality in postmenopausal and ovariectomized females. Several attempts to utilize the native estrogen and its analogs such as Depo-Provera, conjugated estrogen and estrogen benzoate h... |
2,312,678 | Effect of different hormonal replacement therapies on circulating allopregnanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in postmenopausal women. | The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the central nervous system in postmenopausal women might be mediated by changes in neurosteroid synthesis and/or release. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HRT on the levels of allopregnanolone, a sedative anxiolytic GABA(A) agonist steroid, and dehy... |
2,312,679 | Single-stage anaerobic codigestion for mixture wastes of simulated Korean food waste and waste activated sludge. | Korean food waste was treated with a single-stage anaerobic codigester (SSAD) using waste activated sludge (WAS) generated from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The stability and performance of the system was analyzed. The C/N ratio was improved with increasing food waste fraction of feed mixture. The pH, alkali... |
2,312,680 | Changes in endometrial blood vessels in the endometrium of women with hormone replacement therapy-related irregular bleeding. | Irregular bleeding affects up to 60% of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users. The mechanism of this bleeding is not understood. Reduced endometrial microvascular integrity appears to underlie breakthrough bleeding in pre-menopausal women and the aim of this study was to establish whether similar changes are seen in ... |
2,312,681 | Bacterial community structure and physiological state in a biofilm reactor degrading 4-chloroaniline. | Degradation of 4-chloroaniline in the presence of aniline by a microbial community in a laboratory-scale biofilm reactor was evaluated. The starter inoculum was isolated and reconstructed from a percolating column enrichment of Indonesian agricultural soil. The capacity to mineralise and detoxify 4-chloroaniline in the... |
2,312,682 | ER-alpha variants and the cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy. | There is an accumulating body of evidence linking estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) gene polymorphisms with variation in cardiovascular risk factors or disease. The ER-alpha IVS1-397 T/C (PvuII), IVS1-351 A/C (XbaI) and the promoter region TA repeat polymorphisms have received the most attention. If ER-alpha genetic v... |
2,312,683 | Hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer among women? | Gender differences in the histological distribution of lung carcinoma and a possibly greater susceptibility of women than men to tobacco carcinogens, suggest a possible influence of sex-specific hormones. This study examines endocrine factors and risk of lung cancer among women by smoking status and histology.</Abstrac... |
2,312,684 | Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathophysiological data and recent treatments. | Long-term glucocorticoid therapy promptly induces osteoporosis, whose severity depends on the dose and duration of the treatment. Recent data suggest that there is no safety threshold for adverse effects on bone. Glucocorticoid therapy impairs calcium intestinal absorption, dramatically suppresses osteoblastic formatio... |
2,312,685 | Treatment with hormone replacement therapy lowers remnant lipoprotein particles in healthy postmenopausal women: results from a randomized trial. | Recent evidence indicates that remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPs) may play a role in atherosclerosis. Remnant lipoprotein particles have been suggested to be the most atherogenic particles among the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. In particular, these triglyceride-rich particles were identified as an independent risk... |
2,312,686 | [Endometrial carcinoma using GnRH analogues therapy in endometriosis]. | Endometriosis affects a 10 % of women during their reproductive years. Unequoral statistics concerning the incidence of adenomyosis are not available although a combined occurrence of both diseases is found in a 20 % of cases. The risk that malignancy arises from endometrioid tissue typical for endometriosis is between... |
2,312,687 | Comparison of hormonal activity (estrogen, androgen and progestin) of standardized plant extracts for large scale use in hormone replacement therapy. | Extracts from red clover (Trifolium pratense), soybean (Glycine max.) and black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) are frequently used as alternative compounds for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to treat menopausal disorders. Fifteen commercially available products made either from red clover, soybean or black cohosh were... |
2,312,688 | Comparing therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention and treatment. | To review the literature concerning the efficacy of calcium, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and calcitonin in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.</AbstractText>Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966-July 2002),... |
2,312,689 | Body mass index and colon cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of estrogen (United States). | The association between body mass index (BMI) and colon cancer has been reported to be different for men and women. No prior literature has examined if estrogen influences these differences.</AbstractText>Using data from an incident population-based case (n = 1,972) and control (n = 2386) study of colon cancer we evalu... |
2,312,690 | [Study on nitrogen removal treating agriculture wastewater in subsurface constructed wetland]. | Nitrogen removal in subsurface constructed wetland treating agriculture non-pointed wastewater was studied in pilot-scale. The experimental results showed that the removal rates of TN increases with HRT increasing. The removal rates of TN achieved 60% in macrophyte bed system when the nominal hydraulic retention time w... |
2,312,691 | Physical activity alone and in combination with hormone replacement therapy on vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women. | The purposes of this study were (a) to examine the influence of physical activity alone, and in combination with, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vasomotor symptoms and (b) to identify factors that are predictive of vasomotor symptoms at menopause. A total of 239 postmenopausal women completed a modified Women's H... |
2,312,692 | Hormone replacement therapy and cancer risk: a systematic analysis from a network of case-control studies. | To provide comprehensive and quantitative information on the benefits and risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on several cancer sites, we systematically examined the relation between HRT use and the risk of various cancers in women aged 45-79 by using data from a framework of case-control studies conducted in It... |
2,312,693 | Difference in the use of preventive services between fee-for-service plans and HMOs: is more better? | Based on the US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations, we studied how health insurance type, ie, fee-for-service (FFS) or health maintenance organization (HMO), affects the utilization of preventive services of differing effectiveness.</AbstractText>Household survey data from the 1993 and 1994 National Health ... |
2,312,694 | [Influence of estrogen replacement therapy on atherogenic profile in postmenopausal women]. | Postmenopausal women have higher risk of cardiovascular events compared with premenopausal. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the atherogenic profile in apparently healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>The subjects were 76 healthy postmenopausal wome... |
2,312,695 | The normal optic nerve head on Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II. | To study the characteristics of the optic nerve head using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope, the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph II (HRT II), in a normal population and to determine the specificity of HRT II diagnostic indices in the study population.</AbstractText>The optic nerve heads from 275 consecutive, randomly select... |
2,312,696 | The inhibitory effects and removal of dieldrin in continuous upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors. | The inhibitory effects and removal efficiency of dieldrin (DLD) in anaerobic reactors were investigated. Anaerobic toxicity assay (ATA) experiments conducted in batch reactors revealed that 30 mg/l DLD had inhibitory effects on the unacclimated mixed anaerobic cultures. Continuous reactor experiments performed in a lab... |
2,312,697 | Month 3 and month 6 measurements of bone mineral density predict the annual outcome in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in whom alendronate was added to long-term HRT. | To examine the predictive value of bone mineral density measurements done as early as months 3 and 6 after initiation of alendronate therapy (10 mg daily) in osteoporotic women already using long-term hormone replacement therapy.</AbstractText>Lumbar spine and femoral neck bone density (DPX by Lunar) were performed at ... |
2,312,698 | Anaerobic treatment of real textile wastewater with a fluidized bed reactor. | Anaerobic treatability of a real cotton textile wastewater was investigated in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) with pumice as the support material. The immobilized biomass or attached volatile solids level on the support material was 0.073 g VSS/g support material at the end of the 128-d start-up period. During the opera... |
2,312,699 | [Lessons from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) using hormone replacement therapy with regard to heart disease--the dream that has been broken?]. | The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial studying the effects of continuous combined estrogen-progestin regimen (CEE 0.625 mg plus 2.5 mg MPA daily), was stopped prematurely on the basis of a slight increase in the risk of invasive breast cancer, myocardial infarction and stroke. The... |
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