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2,312,500 | Treatability of 2,4 dinitrotoluene in anaerobic/aerobic sequential processes. | Lab-scale anaerobic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) completely stirred tank (CSTR) activated sludge reactor system was used to investigate the treatability of 2,4 dinitrotoluene (DNT) using molasses as primary substrate in continuous fed mode. The treatment efficiencies in anaerobic and aerobic reactors were det... |
2,312,501 | Puerariae radix prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. | Puerariae radix (PR), the root of Pueraria labata (Willd.) Ohwi, a wild creeper leguminous plant, is one of the earliest and most important crude herbs used in Chinese medicine for various medicinal purposes. PR contains a high amount of isoflavonoids such as daidzein and genistein, which are known to prevent bone loss... |
2,312,502 | The correlation between optic nerve head topographic measurements, peripapillary nerve fibre layer thickness, and visual field indices in glaucoma. | To establish whether the structural parameters provided by the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) and the laser diagnostics glaucoma scanning system (GDx) can be used to reflect functional damage in the visual field.</AbstractText>62 patients with primary open angle glaucoma underwent examination with the HRT, GDx, and ... |
2,312,503 | Influence of hydraulic loading and air flowrate on urban wastewater nitrogen removal with a submerged fixed-film reactor. | Nutrient disposal to sensitive areas, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater treatment plants, provokes eutrophication reducing water quality. Fixed film technology is widely used for the removal of organic matter and nitrogen by the biological process of nitrification-denitrification. This paper studies ... |
2,312,504 | Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study. | Current use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) increases the incidence of breast cancer. The Million Women Study was set up to investigate the effects of specific types of HRT on incident and fatal breast cancer.</AbstractText>1084110 UK women aged 50-64 years were recruited into the Million Women Study between 1996 ... |
2,312,505 | Modification of serum IGF-I, IGFBPs and SHBG levels by different HRT regimens. | During the menopause, levels of SHBG, IGF-I and IGFBPs are significantly modified by the use of different HRT regimens.</AbstractText>The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of three different HRT regimens on serum levels of SHBG, IGF-I, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3 in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>41 postmenop... |
2,312,506 | Effect of tibolone on breast symptoms resulting from postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | To evaluate the incidence of breast symptoms in a population treated with various hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens and to detect the variations in breast symptomatology after HRT changing to tibolone administration.</AbstractText>This prospective placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on healthy wome... |
2,312,507 | The association between hormonal and reproductive factors and hand osteoarthritis. | To describe the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with the presence and severity of hand osteoarthritis (OA) in Tasmanian women.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional study of 348 women from 76 families. A structured questionnaire collected information regarding reproductive history and the use of estrogen conta... |
2,312,508 | The effect of a soy rich diet on the vaginal epithelium in postmenopause: a randomized double blind trial. | A traditional asiatic phytoestrogen-rich diet is associated with a lower incidence of estrogen-dependent cancers and clinical consequences of postmenopausal estrogen deficiency. First Wilcox in 1990, showed an increase of the vaginal cell maturation with phytoestrogens on postmenopausal women, but this has not been con... |
2,312,509 | Anaerobic hydrolysis of a municipal wastewater in a pilot-scale digester. | Raw domestic wastewater from the city of Santiago de Compostela (Northwest Spain) was fed into a pilot-scale hydrolytic up flow sludge bed (HUSB) digester with an active volume of 25.5 m3. The total influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 360 to 470 mg/l, the influent SS varied from 190 to 370 mg/l, and the t... |
2,312,510 | Comparison of the performance of MBBR and SBR systems for the treatment of anaerobic reactor biowaste effluent. | Anaerobic reactor biowaste effluent was treated with biofilm and activated sludge sequencing batch reactors to compare the performance of both systems. The treatment targets were organic carbon removal and nitrification. The pilot plant was operated in two phases. During the first phase, it was operated like a Moving B... |
2,312,511 | Treatment of domestic sewage in a combined UASB/RBC system. Process optimization for irrigation purposes. | A Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) was fed with raw domestic wastewater or anaerobic effluents. The experiments were conducted at increasing operational temperatures viz. 11, 20 and 30 degrees C to assess the potential increase in removal efficiencies for the different COD fractions (COD(total), COD(suspended), COD(... |
2,312,512 | Association of hormone replacement therapy with bronchial hyper-responsiveness. | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been linked to asthma in women, however, with inconsistent conclusions. This study examined the association of HRT with bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Eighty-five postmenopausal women completed a women-specific questionnaire and underwent methacholine challeng... |
2,312,513 | Influence of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on an estrogen metabolite biomarker of risk for breast cancer. | Whether postmenopausal hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk of breast cancer remains controversial, despite numerous epidemiological studies. We approached the question from a biochemical rather than an epidemiological direction - we hypothesized that if estrogen administration increases the risk of bre... |
2,312,514 | Effect of withdrawal of hormone replacement therapy on bone mass and bone turnover: the OFELY study. | The beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover are well documented but whether HRT withdrawal is followed by an accelerated rate of bone loss is still controversial. We analyzed 26 women who have withdrawn HRT during a 6-year follow-up of the OFELY cohort. Th... |
2,312,515 | 'Ignorance is bliss sometimes': constraints on the emergence of the 'informed patient' in the changing landscapes of health information. | In this paper we describe and analyse results from an empirical study designed to provide insight into factors facilitating and/or inhibiting the emergence of the much-heralded 'informed patient' and its sociological equivalent, the 'reflexive patient' or 'reflexive consumer'. In particular, we seek to examine the rela... |
2,312,516 | Comparison of two combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification processes for drinking water treatment. | Two combined bioelectrochemical and sulfur autotrophic denitrification (CBSAD) processes for the treatment of nitrate contaminated drinking water were studied in this article, the main difference between the two processes was whether the limestone was packed in the reactor. In these processes, the sulfur denitrificatio... |
2,312,517 | Hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal osteoporosis. | The role of HRT for the prevention of osteoporosis has been clarified by the recent results of the WHI. There is consistent and favorable data from RCTs supporting the efficacy of HRT on the surrogate outcome of bone density at both cortical and trabecular sites, including a dose-response relationship. Both observation... |
2,312,518 | [Influence of hormone replacement therapy (oral and transdermal) on activity of erythrocyte Zn/Cu superoxide dismutase (Zn/Cu-SOD) in postmenopausal women]. | The aim of the study was to determine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (oral and transdermal) on the erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activity in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Prospective clinical study.</AbstractText>The erythrocyte Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase activity was measured in 14 postmenopausal wom... |
2,312,519 | [Cardiovascular effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Current perspectives]. | The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after the menopause for the prevention of the long-term complications of estrogen deprivation has recently been questioned after the publication of large clinical trials that failed to show benefits for postmenopausal women. Although these trials risk to dump the widespread ... |
2,312,520 | Pre-nitrification by encapsulated nitrifiers--a possibility for self-sufficient energy operation of domestic WWTPs. | The overall energy consumption of domestic wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) increases with treatment efficiency. Approximately 30 to 45 kWh per people equivalent and year is mostly necessary for advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal, while the aeration contains the main part of approximately 60%. A new process us... |
2,312,521 | Phased upgrading for nitrogen removal--a low cost approach. | A phased approach has been adopted for upgrading the Luggage Point WWTP for nitrogen removal. Luggage Point WWTP (900,000 EP) is the largest plant operated by Brisbane Water. Management actions recommended by the South East Queensland Wastewater Management Strategy require the effluent total nitrogen levels to be reduc... |
2,312,522 | [Right attitude towards the postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy]. | We have gone through decades using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The first problem encountered was increased endometrial cancer and solved by addition of progesterone. Now we are facing cardiovascular complications and how could we solve in the use of HRT. Research in vitro with HUAR and HUVEC and clinically seeme... |
2,312,523 | [Some problems of postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention with hormone replacement therapy]. | Estrogen deficiency is the one of pathogenetic causes of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Exogenous estrogen may prevent postmenopausal bone loss, so to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. The effect of estrogen on postmenopausal syndrome can not be substituted with other medicine. However, the a... |
2,312,524 | [Cardiovascular effects of estrogen in postmenopausal women]. | Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the postmenopausal women. Several randomized clinical trials to determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has a cardioprotective role and several others are currently underway. The results' however were controversial. Du... |
2,312,525 | Mortality and morbidity associated with osteoporosis drug treatment following hip fracture. | This study examined post-fracture osteoporosis drug treatment in hip fracture patients and the association of treatment with mortality and morbidity. Pre- and post-fracture demographic/health information was collected on a cohort of hip fracture patients aged 65+ years. Post-fracture administrative data on prescription... |
2,312,526 | Pharmacotherapy of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: focus on safety. | The therapy of osteoporosis has made enormous strides in the last decade. There is now a range of interventions, each with its pros and cons. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation remain the foundation and have few safety issues. Bisphosphonates are widely used, though gastrointestinal tolerance is a problem with some ... |
2,312,527 | The demise of HRT? The long-term safety of hormone replacement therapy. | The role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the health of middle-aged women has come a full circle. HRT has been widely accepted as the treatment of choice for the management of menopausal symptoms. However, the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) and other recent randomised controlled trials have failed to confirm be... |
2,312,528 | Combined environmental stress and physiological strain indices for physical training guidelines. | The purpose of this study was to develop guidelines based on the previously described environmental stress index (ESI) and physiological strain index (PSI) for work-rest cycles (WRC) during training, especially in the military. The ESI was introduced as a potential substitute for the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature Index be... |
2,312,529 | Improved cognitive function in postmenopausal women after 12 weeks of consumption of a soya extract containing isoflavones. | We previously reported that a high soya diet improved memory and frontal lobe function in young volunteers, and since soya isoflavones are agonists at oestrogen receptors, they may improve these functions in postmenopausal women. Thirty-three postmenopausal women (50-65 years) not receiving conventional hormone replace... |
2,312,530 | Recurrent endometrial polyps in postmenopausal breast cancer patients on tamoxifen. | Endometrial polyps are the most common endometrial pathology described in association with postmenopausal tamoxifen exposure, with an incidence of up to 10.7% of malignancy. Some women tend to develop recurrent polyps. However, no one has yet described any risk factors for the development of recurrent endometrial polyp... |
2,312,531 | Interaction between hormone replacement therapy preparations and oral anticoagulant therapy. | There is limited information regarding the interaction of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and oral anticoagulants. Following the acute over-anticoagulation of two women shortly after the initiation of tibolone, we have undertaken a retrospective review of anticoagulated women to determine if the dose of oral anticoag... |
2,312,532 | Risks and benefits of long-term hormone replacement therapy. | Studies of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are reviewed, and treatment recommendations based on the results are advanced. HRT is a popular therapy for postmenopausal symptoms and osteoporosis prevention in women. However, women also use hormones for unlabeled indications, such as cardiovascular disease prev... |
2,312,533 | Does hormone replacement therapy increase the frequency of breast atypical hyperplasia in postmenopausal women? Results from the Bouches du Rhone district screening campaign. | It is thought that the risk of atypical hyperplasia (AH) increases with age, particularly among postmenopausal women. Three hypotheses were investigated to try to explain this phenomena: use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), increased breast cancer screening and improvements in radiological quality. Data were colle... |
2,312,534 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on office and ambulatory blood pressure in Japanese hypertensive postmenopausal women. | No study has demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects blood pressure (BP) measured by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in Japanese postmenopausal women (PMW) with normotension or mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. In the present study, we examined the effects of HRT on office BP... |
2,312,535 | Use of the theory of planned behavior to explain HRT decisions. | To test the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and other variables to discriminate among women who have made various decisions about hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>An anonymous survey was completed by a diverse sample of 641 women employed at a community college.</AbstractText>Survey response rate was 6... |
2,312,536 | H2 production with anaerobic sludge using activated-carbon supported packed-bed bioreactors. | Packed-bed bioreactors containing activated carbon as support carrier were used to produce H2 anaerobically from a sucrose-limiting medium while acclimated sewage sludge was used as the H2 producer. The effects of bed porosity (epsilon(b)) and substrate loading rate on H2 fermentation were examined using packed beds wi... |
2,312,537 | Prevalence of sexual dysfunction in a cohort of middle-aged women: influences of menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | In order to determine the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (SD) and related risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged women the Laumann's test (DSM-IV) was passed to 534 healthy women between 40 and 64 years old (mean: 52.4+/-5.7) attending the Southern Metropolitan Health Service in Santiago de Chile. Of all the women, ... |
2,312,538 | Turbulent times for hormone replacement therapy: is there a way out? | The long-awaited results of the large Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial on the effects of combined estrogen-progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women show that the overall benefits are smaller than the risks. Herein I argue that many of the findings could be predicted from earlier observat... |
2,312,539 | Hormone replacement therapy and menopause: a review of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is frequently prescribed to healthy women to ameliorate menopausal symptoms. HRT is used long term (> or = 1 year) to prevent chronic disease in older women. The objective of this study was to review the benefits and risks of HRT and studies of menopause or HRT in Taiwan via a MEDLI... |
2,312,540 | Tear function tests and conjunctival impression cytology before and after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. | To investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on postmenopausal tear function and the conjunctival epithelium.</AbstractText>Schirmer I-Jones test, tear film break-up time (BUT), and impression cytology findings were analyzed in 34 eyes of 17 women who were at least two years postmenopausal and not tak... |
2,312,541 | Issues to debate on the Women's Health Initiative: estrogen: an instrument or the conductor of the orchestra? | Although it is well known that cyclic production of sex hormones is essential to establish reproductive function and female characteristics, distant impacts of the activity of the female endocrine system result from a concert of delicate mechanisms. Estrogen is rather an instrument than a conductor in this physiologica... |
2,312,542 | Effect of long-term hormone replacement therapy on tissue factor pathway inhibitor and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled study. | It was recently reported from the Women's Health Initiative that healthy women using combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for 5 years have an increased cardiovascular risk. We hypothesize that the increased risk is confined to subgroups of atherosclerotic women. Such women may have higher arterial tissue factor e... |
2,312,543 | [Cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged women]. | It is generally accepted that menopause significantly modifies cardiovascular risk. The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on this risk remain controversial.</AbstractText>To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in middle-aged women and their changes with aging, menopause and hormone repla... |
2,312,544 | Physician counseling on hormone replacement therapy and bone loss: do socioeconomic and racial characteristics of women influence counseling? | Although women consider multiple issues when deciding to take hormone replacement therapy (HRT), both women's use and physician counseling about HRT are strongly associated with sociodemographic factors. As prevention of bone loss is the best established long-term benefit of HRT, we sought to determine (1) if counselin... |
2,312,545 | Management of osteoporosis due to ovarian failure. | The management of oestrogen deficiency bone loss needs to include general measures to protect against osteoporosis, the identification and treatment of other reversible causes of bone loss, and the use of proven agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. The general measures include improved physical activity, adequate ... |
2,312,546 | After HRT: what now? | Millions of American women who'd been taking hormone replacement therapy are now wondering what they should be doing to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and to manage their menopausal symptoms. Here are some options to consider. |
2,312,547 | Biological response to hormonal manipulation in oestrogen receptor positive ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. | Adjuvant antioestrogen therapy with tamoxifen is recommended for all women following breast-conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to reduce local recurrence, despite 50% of lesions being oestrogen receptor (OR) negative. We have investigated the response to hormone manipulation in DCIS by studying chan... |
2,312,548 | Long-term effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in girls oophorectomized in adolescence. | The object of this study was to examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) and physical development in oophorectomized adolescent girls. Two adolescent girls had bilateral ovaries removed as the treatment of advanced ovarian neoplasms at 12 years of age, and have been receivi... |
2,312,549 | Serum Sex Hormones, IGF-1, and IGFBP3 Exert a Sexually Dimorphic Effect on Lean Body Mass in Aging. | Endogenous and exogenous sex hormones affect changes in body composition during aging via independent and dependent effects on the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis and associated binding proteins (BP).</AbstractText>Fasting serum IGF-1, IGFBP3, testosterone, estrone, and sex hormone binding g... |
2,312,550 | [Compliance with hormone replacement therapy in menopausal women: results of a two-year prospective French study comparing transdermal treatment with fixed oral combination therapy]. | To evaluate rates of continuation with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) at 2 years in 2 cohorts of female patients, one of which was treated with a set combination of oral oestradiol valerate and medroxyprogesterone acetate and the other with percutaneous 17 beta-oestradiol gel combined with an oral progestogen select... |
2,312,551 | Gas analysis reveals novel aerobic deammonification in thermophilic aerobic digestion. | A laboratory-scale thermophilic aerobic digester was operated with piggery wastewater. The operating temperature varied from 50-70 degrees C. It has been found that excessive nitrogen removal occurred in the laboratory-scale thermophilic system at various HRTs. Nitrite and nitrate were not observed in the effluent. Gas... |
2,312,552 | Biological nutrient removal from meat processing wastewater using a sequencing batch reactor. | Meat processing effluents are rich in nutrients (nitrogen: 75-200 mg L(-1) and phosphorus: 20-40 mg L(-1)) and COD (800-2,000 mg L(-1)) after primary treatment. A laboratory scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated for the treatment of a beef processing effluent from slaughtering and boning operations. An effe... |
2,312,553 | Hispanic women's experience with "el cambio de vida". | To examine the factors that influence Hispanic women's decisions to initiate or not initiate hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause to manage symptoms or to prevent longer-term conditions.</AbstractText>A descriptive study of 51 Hispanic women who completed the Spanish version of the Menopausal Decision-Mak... |
2,312,554 | Acute intermittent porphyria in women: clinical expression, use and experience of exogenous sex hormones. A population-based study in northern Sweden. | To describe the clinical expression of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) in women, their use of exogenous sex hormones, and the effects on AIP.</AbstractText>A retrospective population-based study.</AbstractText>All women aged > or =18 years (n = 190) with DNA-diagnosed AIP in northern Sweden.</AbstractText>A total... |
2,312,555 | Sex steroids and bone: current perspectives. | Although the process of bone remodelling or its control has not yet been fully elucidated there is, at present, sufficient information available to conclude that ovarian steroids (estrogens, androgens, progesterone) play an essential role in skeletal homeostasis. The mechanism of action of sex steroids on the skeleton ... |
2,312,556 | Influence of hormone replacement therapy on disease progression and bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is known to exert a positive effect in preventing bone loss and a beneficial effect on the disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We evaluated the effects of HRT on bone mineral density (BMD) and on the course of established RA.</AbstractText>Eighty-eight postmenopausal women w... |
2,312,557 | Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures in a migrant population from southern to northern Italy: a cross-sectional, comparative study. | The purpose of this study was to assess whether a migrant population from southern regions of Italy showed differences in osteoporosis (OP) and fracture prevalence in comparison to a population born and living in Milan, a city in northern Italy. The study group consisted of 1764 postmenopausal women born in southern It... |
2,312,558 | [What scientific and clinical findings will result from the controlled trial "Women's Health Initiative"?]. | The Women's Health Initiative Study is the first large randomized controlled trial for primary prevention, comparing the beneficial or adverse effects of an oral continuous-combined regimen of conjugated estrogens + medroxyprogesterone acetate, vs placebo in late postmenopausal women. This study brings evidence for an ... |
2,312,559 | Long-term effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy on plasma homocysteine levels. | To compare the long-term effects of oral and transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum homocysteine levels in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>An open, prospective, controlled study. Seventy-five healthy postmenopausal women were recruited as eligible for the study. Fifty women seeking HRT were randomiz... |
2,312,560 | Are pharmacological considerations of relevance in hormone replacement therapy for prevention of chronic disease? | Up to now only two placebo-controlled intervention studies exist which evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)on clinical endpoints using sufficient sample sizes. The negative outcomes of these studies such as increased cardiovascular and breast cancer risk led to extrapolations onto the complete thera... |
2,312,561 | Awareness of hormonal replacement therapy among females attending primary health care centers in Western Saudi Arabia. | To measure the awareness and the associations between knowledge, personal characteristics, decision making and intention to use hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) among women attending the Primary Health Care (PHC) Centers, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.</AbstractText>A cross sectional study was conducted among femal... |
2,312,562 | Relation of aromatase gene polymorphism and hormone replacement therapy to serum estradiol levels, bone mineral density, and fracture risk in early postmenopausal women. | After the menopause, estrogen synthesis from androgens and androgen precursors by aromatase is the main source of circulating estrogens.</AbstractText>To evaluate whether aromatase gene (CYP19)polymorphism affects circulating estradiol (E2) levels, bone mineral density (BMD), BMD change or fracture risk.</AbstractText>... |
2,312,563 | Hormone replacement therapy and epithelial ovarian cancer: is there and association? | Recently it was estimated that about one-third of postmenopausal British women aged 50-64 years currently uses hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for treatment of climacteric symptoms and for other medical reasons. To reduce an excess risk of endometrial cancer induced by oestrogens, modern HRT regimens contain either s... |
2,312,564 | [The effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on symptoms of anxiety and depression]. | Replacement of deficient hormones (hormone replacement therapy, HRT) is the main treatment modality in menopause. There is no concensus among researchers as to how HRT influences psychiatric symptoms that might develop during menopausal period. In this study we aimed to explore the effects of HRT on symptoms of anxiety... |
2,312,565 | Quantification of retinal nerve fiber defects in glaucoma: three-dimensional analysis by Heidelberg retina tomograph. | To describe a new method of quantifying retinal nerve fiber layer defects (NFLD) in glaucomatous eyes using the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).</AbstractText>Mean tomographic images including the optic disc and peripapillary area were constructed using HRT. An image field of 15 degrees x 15 degrees or 20 degrees x 2... |
2,312,566 | Factors affecting long-term adherence to hormone replacement therapy after screening for osteoporosis. | To investigate factors likely to influence adherence to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women known to have low bone mass.</AbstractText>This was a prospective study of bone mineral density screening in 6282 women aged 50-54 years.</AbstractText>Low bone mass at either the hip or spine was found in 1462 women. The... |
2,312,567 | Impact of WHI conclusions and ACOG guidelines on clinical practice. | This past July, the community of physicians practicing obstetrics/gynecology and women's medicine was startled by a paper in the Journal of the American Medical Association, which reported data from one arm of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). The major finding was that the group of subjects undergoing treatment wit... |
2,312,568 | A comparative pilot-scale study of the performance of conventional activated sludge and membrane bioreactors under limiting operating conditions. | The behavior of the conventional activated-sludge (CAS) process was compared to that of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process under limiting operating conditions; that is, at a low solids retention time (SRT) and hydraulic residence time (HRT). The SRT was varied from 2 to 7 days, and the HRT ranged from 5 to 18 hours.... |
2,312,569 | Photocatalytic degradation of E. coliform in water. | This study aims to further investigate the total mineralization of the bacteria to the extent of death and cell-mass inactivation using a TiO2-Fe2O3 membrane photocatalytic oxidation reactor. Experimental results clearly indicated that dissolved oxygen (DO), hydraulic retention time (HRT) and concentration of the model... |
2,312,570 | Detection of glaucomatous visual field changes using the Moorfields regression analysis of the Heidelberg retina tomograph. | To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of optic disk examinations performed using the Moorfields regression analysis (MRA) of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) in differentiating normal from glaucomatous eyes.</AbstractText>Retrospective cross-sectional study.</AbstractText>Five hundred and nineteen patients w... |
2,312,571 | Effects of exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in frail elderly women. | To determine whether exercise training added to ongoing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases bone mineral density (BMD) in physically frail elderly women.</AbstractText>Prospective controlled trial.</AbstractText>University-based research center.</AbstractText>Twenty-eight women on HRT, aged 75 and older with ph... |
2,312,572 | Management of sexual dysfunctions in women. | The deeper understanding of female physiology changed the perspective used to evaluate sexual difficulties. Systems like: vascular, neurological, biochemical, and endocrine are investigated as their modifications for aging or medical conditions may alter the sexual responsivity of women. New data imply that pharmacolog... |
2,312,573 | Longitudinal changes in weight in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women: effects of dietary energy intake, energy expenditure, dietary calcium intake and hormone replacement therapy. | To investigate whether energy intake or energy expenditure affects 5-7 y weight gain in perimenopausal and early postmenopausal women, and whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or dietary calcium (Ca) intake are contributory factors.</AbstractText>Longitudinal, observational study of healthy women around the me... |
2,312,574 | Toll-like receptor 4 and CD14 mRNA expression are lower in resistive exercise-trained elderly women. | The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of resistive exercise training and hormone status on mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), CD14, IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha. Resistive exercise-trained women on "traditional" hormone replacements [hormone replacement therapy (HRT), n = 9], not taking h... |
2,312,575 | Increased risk of early menopausal transition and natural menopause after poor response at first IVF treatment. | Our aim was to examine whether women who had a low number of retrieved oocytes at their first IVF attempt reach the menopausal transition and/or the natural menopause earlier than women of similar ages with a high number of retrieved oocytes.</AbstractText>We conducted a retrospective cohort study among women in The Ne... |
2,312,576 | Association of serum complement (C3, C4) and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgM) levels with hormone replacement therapy in healthy post-menopausal women. | Recently published data suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may increase cardiovascular risk during the early months of therapy. Activation of the immune system is known to be involved in several types of cardiovascular disease. In this cross-sectional study, serum C3, C4, IgG and IgM levels were evaluated i... |
2,312,577 | Sensitivity and specificity of two glaucoma case-finding strategies for optometrists. | Current best practice for primary open-angle glaucoma case-finding comprises history-taking, disc examination, intraocular pressure measurement and suprathreshold visual field analysis (SVFA). An alternative case-finding technique was formulated replacing SVFA with computerised quantitative disc assessment, using the H... |
2,312,578 | Estrogen and ischemic neuroprotection: an integrated view. | Women are protected from stroke in their early years relative to men. This native neuroprotection is lost within ten years of the menopause, an observation commonly attributed to loss of estrogen with age. Data are now available from large, randomized, clinical trials that question the use of hormone replacement therap... |
2,312,579 | Effects of long-term HRT and tamoxifen on the expression of progesterone receptors A and B in breast tissue from surgically postmenopausal cynomolgus macaques. | Estrogen is a well-known mitogen in breast epithelium but the role of progesterone is complex and incompletely understood. In contrast to what is seen in the endometrium, combined estrogen/progestogen treatment for postmenopausal replacement (HRT) may carry a risk for breast cancer beyond that of estrogen alone. The ra... |
2,312,580 | Hormone replacement therapy after treatment for breast cancer: physicians' attitudes towards randomized trials. | Physician support is required for successful patient recruitment to a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) designed to determine the safety and benefits of short-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after breast cancer (BC).</AbstractText>A survey was mailed to 1899 Canadian gynaecologists, family physicians, medi... |
2,312,581 | Hormone replacement therapy in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with lower serum levels of soluble IL-6 receptor and higher insulin-like growth factor 1. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) modulates the imbalance in bone remodeling, thereby decreasing bone loss. Sex hormones are known to influence rheumatic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of HRT on the serum levels of hormones and cytokines regulating bone turnover in 88 postmenopausal wome... |
2,312,582 | [Problems raised by the gynaecologic management of women with BRCA 1 & 2 mutations]. | Breast and ovarian cancer occur more frequently in young women with BRCA 1 &2 mutations (respective cumulative risks from 37 to 85% and 10 to 20%), and raise specific gynaecologic problems as prophylactic surgery and hormonal treatments. Two medical files from 2 sisters with BRCA 1 mutation (exon 11) are presented ... |
2,312,583 | A comparison of optic disc topographic parameters in patients with primary open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma, and ocular hypertension. | Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) findings have been employed to quantitatively assess the topography of optic discs. We measured topographic parameters of optic discs in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG), and ocular hypertension (OH) using an HRT in order to determine whet... |
2,312,584 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on lacrimal fluid peroxidase activity in woman. | Lacrimal fluid peroxidase (POD) is an antioxidant and antimicrobial enzyme involved in the protection of the ocular surface. Our recent findings showed the existence of significant cyclic variations in POD activity that were positively correlated with those of 17beta-estradiol plasma levels throughout the menstrual cyc... |
2,312,585 | Age, menopause and hormone replacement therapy influences on cardiovascular risk factors in a cohort of middle-aged Chilean women. | To determine the prevalence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors (RF) in middle-aged women, to correlate them with each other, and to describe the prevalence of such a RF and their changes with aging, menopause and Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) in a cohort of Chilean workers.</AbstractText>In 1991-1992 ... |
2,312,586 | Postmenopausal femur bone loss: effects of a low dose hormone replacement therapy. | Previous studies indicate that low-dose hormone replacement therapy (LD-HRT) can relieve vasomotor symptoms and prevent spine bone loss.</AbstractText>In the present study, we evaluated the effects of a low dose of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE; 0.3 mg) associated with different progestins in continuous combined sch... |
2,312,587 | Factors affecting bone loss around menopause in women without HRT: a prospective study. | The present study evaluated the effects of menopause and other putative bone loss modifying factors on bone mineral density (BMD) change.</AbstractText>The study population, 396 healthy women aged 48-59 years with no history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use or any bone affecting disease or medications, was sele... |
2,312,588 | Smoking may impair the bone protective effects of nutritional calcium: a population-based approach. | Postmenopausal women were randomly selected to investigate the effects of smoking on prevention of bone loss with nutritional calcium. DXA was performed twice, and smoking and calcium intake habits were inquired through the mail in 954 women. Smoking dampened the bone protective effects of nutritional calcium. This may... |
2,312,589 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on bone quality in early postmenopausal women. | HRT is an effective prophylaxis against postmenopausal bone loss. Infrared imaging of paired iliac crest biopsies obtained at baseline and after 2 years of HRT therapy demonstrate an effect on the mineral crystallinity and collagen cross-links that may affect bone quality. Several studies have demonstrated that hormona... |
2,312,590 | Hormone replacement therapy in prevention of morbidity and mortality in the older woman. Part IV: HRT and the aging brain, overall mortality, and individual decision-making. | The objective of this four part series is to review for the practicing clinician the extensive and sometimes contradictory literature on the effects of estrogen replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the postmenopausal woman. This final article reviews the role of long-term HRT in stroke, Alzheime... |
2,312,591 | Cognitive function variations in postmenopausal women treated with continuous, combined HRT or tibolone. A comparison. | To compare cognitive function in postmenopausal women receiving continuous hormone replacement therapy and those receiving tibolone.</AbstractText>This was a 6-month, prospective, single-blind, single center, randomized study. A total of 50 healthy, postmenopausal women were enrolled. In the end, 40 women completed the... |
2,312,592 | [Efficacy comparison between hyperfractionated and conventional fractionated radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer]. | To investigate the efficacy of hyperfractionated radiotherapy (HRT) for non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</AbstractText>Fifty patients with stage I-III NSCLC were treated in our department from Oct. 1995 to Jan. 2000. All patients had the pathological diagnosis. The patients were divided into two groups according to ... |
2,312,593 | Hormone replacement therapy and health protection. | Menopause is potentially a cause of concern and hormone-related diseases. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered to be an effective treatment strategy to relieve menopausal symptoms and prevent related diseases, however, knowledge on HRT and its benefits and risks is still evolving. For many climacteric women,... |
2,312,594 | Vertical cup-to-disc ratio: agreement between direct ophthalmoscopic estimation, fundus biomicroscopic estimation, and scanning laser ophthalmoscopic measurement. | Ophthalmoscopic estimation of the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) of the optic nerve head is important in the management of patients with glaucoma or who are glaucoma suspects. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of estimation of VCDR obtained with direct ophthalmoscopy with that obtained with fundu... |
2,312,595 | Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of incident congestive heart failure: the Cardiovascular Health Study. | The development of congestive heart failure (CHF) in older persons is related to a variety of mechanisms. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects several of the pathways that may be important in the development of CHF. We hypothesized that HRT would be associated with a decreased risk of incident CHF.</AbstractText>U... |
2,312,596 | No increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia with fixed long-cycle hormone replacement therapy after two years. | The appropriate dose of progestogen during long-cycle hormone replacement is still under debate. We present preliminary two-year results from an open five-year clinical trial of 132 postmenopausal women. All subjects had long-cycle HRT consisting of 70 days 2 mg oestradiol valerate (E(2)V), followed by 14 days 2 mg E(2... |
2,312,597 | Statins and menopausal health. | Cardiovascular disease is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Cholesterol-lowering statins can reduce health risks both in men and women. While this benefit has thus far been attributed to the lipid-lowering effects of these drugs, the importance of their direct actions on vascular tissue is gaining more reco... |
2,312,598 | Comparison of the effect of progesterone, medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. | To investigate in vitro the influence of the three most used progestogens in continuous combined HRT on cell proliferation of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7.</AbstractText>Progesterone (P), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone (NET) were investigated in the range of 0.01 nM to 10 microM alone a... |
2,312,599 | The use of food supplements among women attending menopause clinics in the West Midlands. | To estimate the extent of use of over the counter food supplements in women attending menopause clinics in the West Midlands.</AbstractText>Questionnaire survey of women attending menopause clinics in Solihull Hospital, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Rugby and Walsgrave Hospitals and Birmingham Women's Hospital.</Abst... |
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