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2,313,000 | "I never realised how little I knew!": a pilot study of osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and behaviours. | The aim of this study is to examine knowledge of osteoporosis (OP), health behaviours, and health beliefs among a sample of women in the West Midlands of the United Kingdom (N = 163; mean age = 40 years). The study was cross sectional, and data were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Although women were fai... |
2,313,001 | Alice in menopauseland: the jabberwocky of a medicalized middle age. | Active living is being advanced in the scientific literature as an essential and effective resource to sustained health and vitality in middle-aged women, with potent benefits to biological, social, and emotional health. At the same time, menopausal women are being counseled that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is th... |
2,313,002 | [Current therapeutic means]. | VARIOUS THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES: Treatment of osteoporosis has greatly progressed over the past few years and, in parallel with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), new drugs (2nd and 3rd generation bisphosphonates and raloxifen) are now available, not only for primary prevention but also for secondary prevention of fr... |
2,313,003 | Prevalence of dementia in users of hormone replacement therapy as defined by prescription data. | Studies of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and dementia and cognitive impairment show mixed results. This study assessed the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in users and nonusers of HRT defined using computer-stored prescription information.</AbstractText>The study involved 3924 women 75 years of age ... |
2,313,004 | Hormone replacement therapy formulations and risk of epithelial ovarian carcinoma. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been inconsistently linked to ovarian cancer. Estrogen formulations in HRT vary in their effects on estrogen-sensitive target tissues, such as the ovary. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of various HRT formulations and their characteristics of use on the risk of epith... |
2,313,005 | The use of ultrasound and gamma-irradiation as pre-treatments for the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. | The effect of ultrasound and gamma-irradiation used as pre-treatments for the anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge at both mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures was examined. Untreated activated sludge was also subjected to anaerobic digestion at these temperatures as a control. The sonication time was 90 s... |
2,313,006 | Cytoskeletal changes during poliovirus infection in an intestinal cell line.<Pagination><StartPage>37</StartPage><EndPage>45</EndPage><MedlinePgn>37-45</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Although polioviral replication has been extensively studie... | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Although polioviral replication has been extensively studied, cytoskeletal changes in the host cell during poliovirus replication have not been extensively investigated. We studied the ultrastructural and cytoskeletal changes in host cells during... |
2,313,007 | Kinetic analysis of the psychrophilic anaerobic digestion of wastewater derived from the production of proteins from extracted sunflower flour. | A kinetic analysis of the anaerobic digestion process of wastewater derived from the production of protein isolates from extracted sunflower flour was carried out. The digestion was conducted in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor with saponite (magnesium silicate) as support for the mediating bacteria at psychrop... |
2,313,008 | Effect of concomitant hormone replacement therapy containing estradiol and levonorgestrel on the pharmacokinetics of selegiline. | The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) on the pharmacokinetics of the selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor selegiline and its primary metabolites desmethylselegiline and l-metamphetamine.</AbstractText>In this randomised, double-blind, cross-over trial, 12 healthy fe... |
2,313,009 | Predictors of outcome of mammography in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme. | Little is known about the factors influencing the risk of recall for assessment, invasive diagnostic procedures, and early rescreening after screening mammography.</AbstractText>From June 1996 to March 1998 women attending screening at 10 National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP) centres completed a s... |
2,313,010 | Does a better grade of tumour occurring in women under hormone replacement therapy compensate for their lower probability of detection by screening mammography. | To compare the prognostic factor of breast cancer survival between breast cancer diagnosed in subjects receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) before diagnosis to those without such a therapy.</AbstractText>All breast cancers diagnosed between 1993 and 2000 within the breast cancer screening programme in Bouches du... |
2,313,011 | Is use of hormone replacement therapy associated with increased detection of human papillomavirus and potential risk of HPV-related genital cancers? | Oral contraceptives (OC) are a risk factor for female genital cancers and in vivo studies have shown that progestins stimulate human papillomavirus (HPV) gene expression. A similar role for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has received little evaluation. Cervical/vaginal specimens were obtained to detect HPV from post... |
2,313,012 | Effect of pro-inflammatory stimuli on tumor cell-mediated induction of endothelial cell adhesion molecules in vitro. | The object of our study was the question about the relevance of the tumor surrounding inflammatory cells with respect to the metastatic potential of the tumor cells. To imitate the role of inflammatory cells, three colon carcinoma (HT-29, HRT-18, and SW-620), one breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and one melanoma (ST-ML-12) ce... |
2,313,013 | Effects of estrogen, progesterone, and combination exposure on interleukin-1 beta-induced expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, PECAM, and E-selectin by human female iliac artery endothelial cells. | The cardioprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in healthy, postmenopausal women is well documented. Little work has been performed on the effect of HRT in peripheral arteries. Recent work suggests that HRT may adversely affect the patency of peripheral grafts. This study investigates the in vitro effe... |
2,313,014 | Monofluorophosphate combined with hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis. An open-label pilot efficacy and safety study. | A 3-year, open-label, monocenter study was performed on 60 patients with postmenopausal established osteoporosis treated with monofluorophosphate and calcium supplement (MFP/Ca) combined with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Bone mineral density (BMD) after 3 years increased by 15.5% in the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and b... |
2,313,015 | Treatment of antibiotics wastewater utilizing successive hydrolysis, denitrification and nitrification. | A process consisting of anaerobic hydrolysis, denitrification, and oxidation/nitrification was proposed for simultaneous removal of carbon and nitrogen from terramycin crystallizing mother solution (TCMS), and its performance was investigated by treating diluted TCMS in a lab-scale continuous flow column system. Direct... |
2,313,016 | Reactor configuration--Part II. Comparative process stability and efficiency of thermophilic anaerobic digestion. | Comparative process stability and efficiency of thermophilic anaerobic digestion (55 degrees C) has been evaluated for four different reactor configurations, which are: daily batch-fed single-stage continuously stirred tank reactor (CSIR) (TB), continuously-fed single-stage CSTR (TC), daily batch-fed two-phase CSTR (TT... |
2,313,017 | Reactor configuration--Part I. Comparative process stability and efficiency of mesophilic anaerobic digestion. | The comparative process stability and efficiency of mesophilic anaerobic digestion (35 degrees C) has been evaluated for four different reactor configurations, which are: daily batch-fed single-stage continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) (MB), continuously fed single-stage CSTR (MC), daily batch-fed two-phase CSTR (... |
2,313,018 | Post-menopausal hormonal therapy and gallbladder cancer risk. | The relation between post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and gallbladder cancer was analyzed in women above age 45 years, using data of a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1985 and 1997, on 31 incident, histologically confirmed cases and 3,702 controls in hospital for acute, non-neoplastic con... |
2,313,019 | Quantitative computed tomography of the lumbar spine, not dual x-ray absorptiometry, is an independent predictor of prevalent vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteopenia receiving long-term glucocorticoid and hormone-replacement therapy. | To determine which measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) predicts vertebral fractures in a cohort of postmenopausal women with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.</AbstractText>We recruited 114 subjects into the study. All had osteopenia of the lumbar spine or hip, as demonstrated by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA... |
2,313,020 | Treatment for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis who have been placed on HRT and show a decrease in bone mineral density: effects of concomitant administration of vitamin K(2). | We have been using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) as the treatment of choice for menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis. Estrogen increases bone mineral density (BMD) for 2 or 3 years, and only maintains BMD thereafter. In the present study, we investigated whether BMD improved with HRT in combination with vitamin K(2... |
2,313,021 | [HRT in post-menopausal women: endometrial histology and bleeding patterns]. | In this open prospective study the correlation between bleeding patterns and endometrial histology has been evaluated in 101 postmenopausal women after 2 years of continuous sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>All patients received continuous transdermal 17-b-estradiol supplementation, 0.05 mg/d... |
2,313,022 | Hormone replacement therapy and chronic graft-versus-host disease activity in women treated with bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies. | Several lines of experimental evidence suggest that sex hormones may influence the development and activity of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD), which frequently occurs in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). Following ABMT, young women are commonly treated with hormone replacemen... |
2,313,023 | Change in bone mass distribution induced by hormone replacement therapy and high-impact physical exercise in post-menopausal women. | The purpose of this intervention trial was to determine whether changes in bone mass distribution could be observed in postmenopausal women following hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and/or high-impact physical exercise. Eighty healthy women, aged 50-57 years, at <5 years after the onset of menopause and with no pr... |
2,313,024 | Reduced bone mineral density in postmenopausal women self-reporting premenopausal wrist fractures. | Postmenopausal fractures are associated with low bone mass; however, the role of low peak bone mass in young adults in determining subsequent osteoporosis suggests that premenopausal fractures may also be relevant. We therefore sought to determine whether a self-reported previous history of premenopausal wrist and nonw... |
2,313,025 | Identifying postmenopausal women at high risk of fracture in populations: a comparison of three strategies. | To describe the prevalence of risk factors for women at high risk of fracture in a population-based sample of postmenopausal women who were not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT), to demonstrate how the estimated prevalence of women at high risk of future fracture is affected by the different criteria used for cla... |
2,313,026 | Treatment of domestic sewage in a two-step anaerobic filter/anaerobic hybrid system at low temperature. | The treatment of domestic sewage at low temperature of 13 degrees C was investigated in a two-step system consisting of an anaerobic filter (AF) +an anaerobic hybrid (AH) reactor operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The AF reactor was efficient in the removal of suspended COD, viz. 81%, 58% and 57% a... |
2,313,027 | Risk factors for fractures of the wrist, shoulder and ankle: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. | Few studies have examined risk factors for fractures of the wrist, shoulder or ankle. The Blue Mountains Eye Study is a population-based longitudinal study in 3654 people aged 49 years or older resident in an area west of Sydney, Australia. Detailed eye examinations and interviews were carried out at baseline (1992-3) ... |
2,313,028 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy and estrogen receptor modulators on markers of inflammation and coagulation. | The lipid-lowering effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can only partly explain the possible decrease in cardiovascular risk noted in observational studies with hormone use in postmenopausal women. Other possible mechanisms have been explored, including the role of inflammation and coagulation factors. There is... |
2,313,029 | Cancer risk in menopausal women. | The incidence for breast and other female-hormone-related neoplasms levels off after menopause. The relative risk (RR) of breast cancer is moderately elevated in current and recent users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and increases by about 2.3% per year with longer duration of use, but the effect drops after ces... |
2,313,030 | Hormone replacement therapy and mammographic screening. | The benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oestrogen are well known and have led to widespread usage of HRT in post-menopausal women. There is an increased relative risk of breast cancer with prolonged HRT use of 1.7 at worst and this does not warrant more frequent screening. HRT itself makes mammographic s... |
2,313,031 | Menopausal experiences and hormone replacement therapy use among women with physical impairments. | This study describes the menopausal experiences of women with physical disabilities and their knowledge and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). 166 women completed a mailed survey of demographic and disability characteristics, health history, menopausal information, and HRT knowledge. The typical respondent was a... |
2,313,032 | [Clinical aspects of Livial in postmenopausal replacement therapy]. | It's a review of literature on the clinical effects of Livial. Livial (generic name-tibolone) makes a therapy of choice for postmenopausal women. It's a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, progestagenic and androgenic properties due to its tissue specific effects. Livial is effective in reducing wasomotors symptoms and ... |
2,313,033 | [Progestogens, progesterone, coagulation and vascular tone]. | Epidemiological studies suggest that estrogens may have opposite effects on vessels: estrogens used for contraception are known to increase both arterial and venous risk, while hormone replacement therapy could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. In both situations, estrogens are associated with progestogens. Pr... |
2,313,034 | [Compliance with hormone replacement therapy in menopause: effect of an original education program. The COMET study]. | To study the impact of an original education program on compliance to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women.</AbstractText>Data were obtained from 1,192 post-menopausal women (age: 53 +/- 5 years) included in the study with an onset less than six months: E2 gel (n = 791) or patch (n = 401) + proges... |
2,313,035 | [Study of cockroach allergen in adult asthmatics in Japan]. | To study the clinical significance of cockroach allergen in adult asthmatics in Japan, we performed intradermal skin test to four commercial base cockroach extracts. The specific IgE antibody to cockroach was measured in sera by CAP-RAST. Positive rates of immediate intradermal skin response to cockroach extracts were ... |
2,313,036 | Fractal analysis of trabecular bone texture on calcaneus radiographs: effects of age, time since menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | An analysis of trabecular bone texture based on fractal mathematics, when applied to trabecular bone images on plain radiographs, can be considered as a reflection of trabecular bone microarchitecture. It has been shown to be able to distinguish postmenopausal osteoporosis cases from controls. This cross-sectional stud... |
2,313,037 | The relationship of race/ethnicity and social class to hormone replacement therapy: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994. | To use a nationally representative sample to examine the prevalence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and its relationship to different markers of social class in American women 60 years of age and older.</AbstractText>Nationally representative cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and medical exami... |
2,313,038 | Prevention of bone loss and hypoestrogenic symptoms by estrogen and interrupted progestogen add-back in long-term GnRH-agonist down-regulated patients with endometriosis and premenstrual syndrome. | To examine the utility of a low-dose estrogen and pulsed progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen for add-back during long-term gonadotropin-releasing hormone-agonist (GnRH-agonist) therapy.</AbstractText>A pilot clinical trial conducted at a tertiary referral, academic, reproductive sciences center. The s... |
2,313,039 | Statin therapy, cardiovascular events, and total mortality in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS). | Although effects of statins on cardiovascular outcomes are well established in men, fewer data exist for women. Furthermore, the effects of statins plus hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain.</AbstractText>We examined statin use, cardiovascular events, and total mortality in the Hea... |
2,313,040 | Hypothyroidism and women's health. | Hypothyroidism affects 4% to 10% of women, increasing with age. Symptoms, which are often nonspecific and subtle, can include: lethargy, mild weight gain, edema, cold intolerance, constipation, mental impairment, dry skin, depression, irregular menses, hoarseness, myalgias, hyperlipidemia, and bradycardia. TSH determin... |
2,313,041 | The effect of hormone replacement therapy on arterial blood pressure and vascular compliance in postmenopausal women with arterial hypertension. | Arterial pathology is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, morbidity and mortality. Women are at higher risk of cardiovascular disease after menopause. Arterial stiffness determined by pulse wave velocity, increases with age both in men and women, whereas arterial compliance in premenopausal women is greater ... |
2,313,042 | Circadian rhythm of melatonin in postmenopausal asthmatic women with hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of the study was to check if in postmenopausal women such a disease as asthma and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) influence daily melatonin (MEL) secretion.</AbstractText>Studies were performed in 55 asthmatics (treated and not treated with glucocorticosteroids) and 20 healthy postmenopausal women (age... |
2,313,043 | Hormone replacement therapy and the prevention of cardiovascular disease. | Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary killer of both men and women in Western societies. The implementation of preventive strategies has led to a fall in the rate of CVD, but there is still much to be achieved. Proven interventional strategies are largely under-utilized, and the search continues for further promi... |
2,313,044 | 14. Breast cancer prevention. | Increased risk of breast cancer may result from potentially modifiable causes such as endogenous hormone levels, obesity, HRT, and non-lactation, or non-modifiable factors including genetic susceptibility and increasing age. The Gail model, based on known factors, may be useful for estimating lifetime risk in some indi... |
2,313,045 | Serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, but not 5a, correlates with other markers of bone turnover and bone mineral density. | Human serum contains two isoforms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) known as TRACP 5a and TRACP 5b with pH optima of 5.0 and 5.8, respectively. Preliminary data suggest that serum TRACP 5b is derived from osteoclasts and serum TRACP 5a from some other cells. It has been reported that heparin inhibits TRACP... |
2,313,046 | Prospective 10-year study of the determinants of bone density and bone loss in normal postmenopausal women, including the effect of hormone replacement therapy. | To prospectively assess bone density and the factors determining the rate of bone loss over a 10-year period of postmenopausal life.</AbstractText>Prospective, observational study.</AbstractText>One hundred and four normal White postmenopausal women, baseline mean age 59 years (range 47-71 years) completed the study (m... |
2,313,047 | The effect of dietary intervention through the modification of fatty acids composition and antioxidant vitamin intake on plasma TXB(2) level in Korean postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. | The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of dietary intervention, through the modification of dietary fatty acids composition and antioxidant vitamins, on plasma thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) levels in postmenopausal women with hypercholesterolemia. The subjects were treated for 12 weeks with one of three metho... |
2,313,048 | Hormone-replacement therapy and breast cancer. | Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) has been available for many years, but the important question of its place in development and progression of breast cancer remains controversial; provision of reliable risk estimates has been hampered by a lack of controlled data. Observational evidence suggests that the risk of breast... |
2,313,049 | Prevalence and treatment of menopausal symptoms among breast cancer survivors. | Women diagnosed with breast cancer often experience early menopause secondary to treatment effects, yet physicians may be reluctant to prescribe hormone replacement therapy (HRT) because of the potential increased risk of recurrence. To assess the burden of menopausal symptoms, HRT use, and alternative treatments in re... |
2,313,050 | Efficacy and safety of oral and transdermal hormonal replacement treatment containing levonorgestrel. | The oral combined formulation of levonorgestrel with estradiol valerate (LNG+EV) has demonstrated to be effective on some postmenopausal symptoms. The availability of a transdermal HRT in sequential formulation with 17-beta-estradiol plus levonorgestrel (TSE2+TSLNG) induced us to do this control-study with the aim to e... |
2,313,051 | Oral ascorbic acid increases plasma oestradiol during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | To study the possible interaction between ascorbic acid (AA) and oestradiol (E2) in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>We studied 25 healthy postmenopausal women who had used percutaneous E2 gel at same dose for 10-12 months, at which time the plasma E2 concentrations were stabiliz... |
2,313,052 | Endometrial safety of hormone replacement therapy: review of literature. | Unopposed estrogens for treating menopausal symptoms were extensively used when epidemiological findings associated them with an increased endometrial cancer risk. Adding progestogens reverse this side effect efficiently but patient, dose, type and especially time during which the progestogen is administered are import... |
2,313,053 | [Hormonal replacement therapy in Spain]. | The consumption of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in Spain is not known. Therefore, we have conducted a study to know the mean features of that consumption and to find out the prevalence of use among women older than 40.</AbstractText>To know the consumption, we have used the information contained in ECOM database ... |
2,313,054 | Risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia: results from a case-control study. | We analyzed epidemiologic characteristics of women at risk for endometrial hyperplasia (EH), using data from a case-control study. One hundred twenty nine women aged 35-73 (median 51 years) with histologically confirmed complex endometrial hyperplasia without atypies identified at the University of Milan during the per... |
2,313,055 | [Modified Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph HRT. Initial results of in vivo presentation of corneal structures]. | At present, confocal tandem scanning microscopes with halogen or mercury lamps are used to depict all corneal structures in vivo, e.g., before and after PRK or LASIK. Insufficient imaging quality and irregular corneal illumination are the main problems for automatic quantitative evaluation of the keratocyte density whe... |
2,313,056 | [Study of non-participation in the breast cancer screening program in the city of Valencia (Spain)]. | To determine the reasons for non-participation of women in a breast cancer screening program.</AbstractText>We performed an observational, cross-sectional study in women who were invited to participate in the breast cancer screening program in the city of Valencia and who failed to attend. The women were interviewed in... |
2,313,057 | Operational factors and nutrient effects on activated sludge treatment of Pinus radiata kraft mill wastewater. | The biodegradability of Pinus radiata bleached kraft mill wastewater by an activated sludge treatment during a period of 280 days was evaluated. The effect of varying hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the range of 48 to 4.5 h and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition on removal of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), ch... |
2,313,058 | Fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone replacement. | To examine cross-sectionally the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the relationship between body composition and insulin sensitivity (Si).</AbstractText>Subjects were 57 early postmenopausal white women, 33 receiving HRT and 24 controls. Body composition was estimated using DXA and computed tomography s... |
2,313,059 | Hormone replacement therapy and malignant melanoma: to prescribe or not to prescribe? | The mean age of presentation of malignant melanoma in women is the early fifties, a time that may be concomitant with the onset of the menopause. As the lesion can often be successfully surgically excised, many women will enter the menopause disease-free but in need of treatment for their menopausal symptoms. Melanoma ... |
2,313,060 | Placebo-controlled trial of transdermal estrogen therapy alone in postmenopausal women: effects on arterial compliance and endothelial function. | The cardiovascular effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are controversial. Improvement in vascular function, potentially mediated, at least in part, via improvements in lipid profiles, is a proposed mechanism of estrogen action; however, there are few controlled human trials. We have studied the effects of HRT,... |
2,313,061 | Tamoxifen, hormone receptors and hormone replacement therapy in women previously treated for breast cancer: a cohort study. | To determine the risk of recurrence of breast cancer associated with the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the management of menopausal symptoms in women previously treated for breast cancer who were taking concurrent tamoxifen or who were estrogen receptor-positive.</AbstractText>The study group comprised 14... |
2,313,062 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on olfactory sensitivity: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. | To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) preserved or improved olfactory sensitivity in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Sixty-two postmenopausal women participated in a cross-sectional study of olfactory sensitivity involving detection, intensity discrimination, quality discrimination and two ... |
2,313,063 | Low-dose hormone replacement therapy: effects on bone. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is considered the mainstay for postmenopausal osteoporosis prevention. However, at the standard doses, HRT preparations can induce bothersome hormone-related side-effects, in both sequential and continuous combined regimens. Lower-dose HRT schedules are reported to be highly effective ... |
2,313,064 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on cognitive aging and dementia risk in postmenopausal women: a review of ongoing large-scale, long-term clinical trials. | The aim of this review is to discuss the purpose, design, and expected findings of several ongoing large-scale, long-term clinical trials studying the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive aging and risk of developing dementia. The Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging (WHISCA) and the ... |
2,313,065 | Testing of the PHS-ES: a measure of Perimenopausal Health Self-Efficacy. | This article summarizes the development and psychometric analysis of the Perimenopausal Health Self-Efficacy Scale (PHS-ES) designed to assess women's health promotion self-efficacy related to mid-life changes in health. Items were generated from a qualitative study of HRT decision-making and recommended health promoti... |
2,313,066 | Addition of anaerobic tanks to an oxidation ditch system to enhance removal of phosphorus from wastewater. | The oxidation ditch has been used for many years all over the world as an economic and efficient wastewater treatment technology. It can remove COD, nitrogen and a part of phosphorus efficiently. In the experiment described, a pilot scale Pasveer oxidation ditch system has been tested to investigate the removal of phos... |
2,313,067 | Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility in the evaluation of optic disc stereometric parameters by Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. | To assess intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility of the measurement of stereometric parameters of the optic disc by means of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph I (HRT).</AbstractText>Observational study, with interobserver variability.</AbstractText>Fifty-five volunteers (healthy subjects and patients with glauco... |
2,313,068 | Nitrate removal by a combination of elemental sulfur-based denitrification and membrane filtration. | In this paper, a new method for removal of nitrate from groundwater, in which elemental sulfur-based denitrification (autotrophic denitrification) and membrane separation are combined, is proposed. By using a membrane, autotrophic denitrifiers, whose growth rate is considerably low, can be kept at a high concentration.... |
2,313,069 | Loss of libido in menopausal women. Management issues. | Due to a complex interplay of sociocultural factors, past experiences, relationships and hormones, a woman's experience at menopause and beyond is highly individual. A variety of external, often stressful, life events can be occurring at this time in a woman's life, all impacting on her individual symptom profile. Meno... |
2,313,070 | Controversies in HRT. | Short term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use is well established for menopausal symptom relief. However, the rates and duration of HRT use are increasing in Australia while the benefits and risks of long term HRT remain controversial.</AbstractText>To review the evidence for the use of HRT for the prevention of car... |
2,313,071 | [Reproducibility of measuring retinal nerve fiber density. Comparison of optical coherence tomography with the nerve fiber analyzer and the Heidelberg retinal tomography device]. | Glaucoma is associated with a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cell axons and the evaluation of the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) is important for early diagnosis and follow-up. Results of RNFL thickness measurements may vary according to the devices used. Therefore, the present study has analys... |
2,313,072 | [Adverse reactions and interactions of antiepileptic drugs in epileptic women]. | To review the present knowledge related with gender differences in drug effects, with special emphasis concerning antiepileptic drugs (AEDs).</AbstractText>Women and men differ in their response to drugs and these differences can be sometimes clinically relevant. Adverse drug reactions are noticeably more frequent in w... |
2,313,073 | Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and vaginal flora changes in peri- and postmenopausal women. | Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and decrease in lactobacillus colonization in women 40 years old or older in relation to menopausal status by evaluation of Gram-stained smears. A total of 1,486 smears from Italian Caucasian women aged 40 to 79 years were examined. Women were classified as ... |
2,313,074 | Agreement between general practice prescription data and self-reported use of hormone replacement therapy and treatment for various illnesses. | Epidemiological studies of the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) often rely on exposure data and information on past health from self-administered questionnaires. The accuracy with which women report current use of HRT and the specific preparation in use is not known. This study aims to compare aspects of se... |
2,313,075 | Prospective, randomised study with three HRT regimens in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. | To compare compliance, symptom control, bleeding patterns, lipid and biochemical changes in postmenopausal women treated with three regimens of HRT.</AbstractText>In a prospective, randomised, group comparative study, with 165 patients, the effects on the aforementioned parameters, as well as treatment compliance and s... |
2,313,076 | [Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for hyperlipidemia after menopause]. | Women are about 10 years older than men to suffer from ischemic heart disease(IHD) and they often experience a sudden rise in cholesterol after menopause. These phenomena are thought to be caused by the production of estrogen in women during normal menstruation cycle and its loss after menopause. Hormone replacement th... |
2,313,077 | Designer estrogen vs. hormone replacement therapy: the menopausal woman's dilemma. | Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has many proven health benefits for postmenopausal women, relatively few women are taking advantage of this option. A major reason for this is lack of understanding by women of the benefits and risks of using HRT. Additionally, many women are uninformed about "designer estroge... |
2,313,078 | Interpreting 16S rDNA T-RFLP Data: Application of Self-Organizing Maps and Principal Component Analysis to Describe Community Dynamics and Convergence. | Interpreting the large amount of data generated by rapid profiling techniques, such as T-RFLP, DGGE, and DNA arrays, is a difficult problem facing microbial ecologists. This study compares the ability of two very different ordination methods, principal component analysis (PCA) and self-organizing map neural networks (S... |
2,313,079 | Mass production of methane from food wastes with concomitant wastewater treatment. | We developed a process for production of methane at a pilot scale. This process consists of three stages. The first stage is a semianaerobic hydrolysis/acidogenic step in which organic wastes are converted to various sugars, amino acids, and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Operation temperature and pH were 45 degrees C, a... |
2,313,080 | [Premature climacteric as a special form of secondary ovarian insufficiency]. | In western countries menopause is expected to occur at 50-52 years of age. Cessation of ovarian function before the age of 40 is defined as premature ovarian failure (POF). POF can be associated with chromosomal aberrations as well as with autoimmune diseases or general endocrine or metabolic disorders. Prevalence of P... |
2,313,081 | [Predictive factors for determination of menopausal age]. | In western Europe the average age at menopause is 52 years. This means that a woman spends approximately 30 years of her life in the postmenopausal status. The possibility to predict the actual age AT menopause would have major implications for family planning, sterility treatment and for the decision to apply HRT. The... |
2,313,082 | Efficacy and tolerability of low-dose transdermal estrogen (Oesclim) in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. | To establish the proportion of symptomatic postmenopausal women who can be satisfactorily maintained on a low HRT dose of 25 microg/day 17-beta-estradiol (Oesclim 25 transdermal patches), after 8 weeks of treatment.</AbstractText>This was a multicenter open label non-comparative trial. Treatment was initiated with 25 m... |
2,313,083 | A continuous lactic acid production system using an immobilized packed bed of Lactobacillus helveticus. | A 5 l packed bed bioreactor was used to study the effect of initial lactose concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on cell growth, lactose utilization and lactic acid production. Up to 95% of the initial lactose concentration was utilized at longer HRTs (30-36 h). The study showed that lactic acid production ... |
2,313,084 | A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease. | We tested a theoretical stress model cross-sectionally and prospectively that examined whether relationships of chronic stress, psychophysiology, and coronary heart disease (CHD) varied in older adult men (N = 47), older adult women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (N = 64), and older adult women using HRT (... |
2,313,085 | Beneficial effects of hormonal replacement therapy on chromium status and glucose and lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. | Postmenopausal women exhibit an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with younger women. However, women receiving hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) seem to be protected. Since chromium (Cr) functions in glucose, lipid and corticosteroid metabolism and these variables, a... |
2,313,086 | Hormone replacement therapy with estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate: effects on endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and arterial wall compliance. | to evaluate changes in vasomotor endothelium function and elastic properties of the brachial artery in postmenopausal women beginning hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with Climen(R), a 28-day sequential therapy combining estradiol valerate (E2V) 2 mg/day D1-D21 with cyproterone acetate (CPA) 1 mg/day D12-D22, followed... |
2,313,087 | Hormone replacement therapy: estrogen and progestin effects on plasma C-reactive protein concentrations. | Our purpose was to assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on C-reactive protein blood concentrations with special reference to the progestin component.</AbstractText>Changes from baseline and between groups in blood concentrations of C-reactive protein were determined during 12-month periods in 6 groups... |
2,313,088 | Relation of estrogen receptor-alpha gene polymorphism and hormone replacement therapy to fall risk and muscle strength in early postmenopausal women. | Several factors may increase fracture risk, among them reduced bone mineral density (BMD), increased bone resorption, microarchitectural deterioration of bone, increased fall risk, and decreased muscle strength. We have previously reported that PvuII polymorphism of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha) gene is associ... |
2,313,089 | A survey of physicians' attitude and approach to hormone replacement therapy during menopuase. | A major problem with postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is its relatively low long-term continuation rate. The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of physicians to the low long-term continuation rate by surveying their attitude and approach to the use of HRT in postmenopausal women.</A... |
2,313,090 | A cross-sectional study of the effects of hormon replacement therapy on the cardiovascular disease risk profile in healthy postmenopausal women. | To assess risk factors for cardiovascular disease in healthy postmenopausal women who had been uninterruptedly on menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for at least 5 years or who had not received any HRT.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional study.</AbstractText>The Royal Free Hospital and The Middlesex Hospital.</Abs... |
2,313,091 | The impact of reproductive events on the course of bipolar disorder in women. | Little is known about the impact of female reproductive hormones on the course of bipolar disorder. This study was designed to assess the influence of reproductive events and hormonal therapies on the course of bipolar disorder in women.</AbstractText>Fifty women with DSM-IV bipolar disorder completed a structured clin... |
2,313,092 | The evaluation of enhanced nitrification by immobilized biofilm on a clinoptilolite carrier. | This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of clinoptilolite on nitrification in activated sludge (AS), and was focused on a relationship between ammonium exchange capacity of this mineral and improvement of nitrification. In batch experiments, the adsorption property of biofilm-attached clinoptilolite did not sho... |
2,313,093 | Clinical practice guidelines for the care and treatment of breast cancer: 14. The role of hormone replacement therapy in women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer. | To provide information and recommendations to women with a previous diagnosis of breast cancer and their physicians regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Control of menopausal symptoms, quality of life, prevention of osteoporosis, prevention of cardiovascular disease, risk of recurrence of breast c... |
2,313,094 | Acidogenic fermentation: utilization of wasted sludge as a carbon source in the denitrification process. | Laboratory scale batch experiments were conducted at 20 degrees C to investigate the acidogenic fermentation for the conversion of wasted sludge into short chain fatty acids (SCFA) to be utilized as a carbon source in the denitrification process. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), volatile solid (VS) loading rate and pH w... |
2,313,095 | Impact of progestins on estradiol potentiation of the glutamate calcium response. | One mechanism by which estrogen may modulate cognitive function is through potentiation of glutamate-mediated rises in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) with resultant effects on neuronal morphology and signaling. Since progesterone is a component of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), we sought to determine whether thera... |
2,313,096 | Common estrogen receptor polymorphism augments effects of hormone replacement therapy on E-selectin but not C-reactive protein. | The estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) IVS1-401 polymorphism identifies a group of women (approximately 20%) who have augmented effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on levels of HDL cholesterol. This study sought to determine if this augmentation extends to HRT regulation of E-selectin and C-reactive protein (C... |
2,313,097 | Investigation of the denitrification activity of immobilized Pseudomonas butanovora cells in the presence of different organic substrates. | An investigation was made of the effects of variation of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the concentrations of three different carbon sources (succinic acid, ethanol and acetic acid) on the denitrification activity of immobilized Pseudomonas butanovora cells. The highest denitrification activity was in all cases... |
2,313,098 | Submerged aquatic vegetation-based treatment wetlands for removing phosphorus from agricultural runoff: response to hydraulic and nutrient loading. | Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) communities exhibit phosphorus (P) removal mechanisms not found in wetlands dominated by emergent macrophytes. This includes direct assimilation of water column P by the plants and pH-mediated P coprecipitation with calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Recognizing that SAV might be employed to ... |
2,313,099 | ACOG committee opinion. Risk of breast cancer with estrogen-progestin replacement therapy. | Recent articles have examined the association between the use of combination estrogen-progestin regimens for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of breast cancer. The objective of this Committee Opinion is to evaluate critically the presented evidence. Although epidemiologic studies suggest that the addition... |
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