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2,313,100 | Negative feedback effects of gonadal steroids are preserved with aging in postmenopausal women. | There is now evidence for alterations in the neuroendocrine control of the reproductive axis with aging, but its sensitivity to gonadal steroid negative feedback remains controversial. To examine the independent effect of age and gonadal steroid negative feedback, younger (45-55 yr; n = 7) and older (70-80 yr; n = 6) p... |
2,313,101 | The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph vs clinical impression in the diagnosis of glaucoma. | To compare the sensitivity and the specificity of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) classification of "Glaucoma" or "Normal" with that derived from clinical impression (CI) based on several parameters.</AbstractText>Consecutive observational case series.</AbstractText>In a retrospective chart review of 200 left eye... |
2,313,102 | Low temperature pre-treatment of domestic sewage in an anaerobic hybrid or an anaerobic filter reactor. | The pre-treatment of domestic sewage for removal of suspended solids (SS) at a process temperature of 13 degrees C and an hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 h was investigated in an anaerobic filter (AF) and anaerobic hybrid (AH) reactor. The AF and the top of the AH reactor consisted of vertical sheets of reticulated... |
2,313,103 | Anaerobic decolorisation of simulated textile wastewater containing azo dyes. | This study deals with the decolorization of the commercially important azo dyes, Orange II (C.I. Acid Orange 7) and Reactive Black 3HN (C.I. Reactive Black 8) under anaerobic conditions in wastewater. Laboratory scale semicontinuous studies were conducted using simulated cotton dyeing wastewater at ambient temperatures... |
2,313,104 | The roles of estrogen and progesterone in regulating carbohydrate and fat utilization at rest and during exercise. | Compared with men, women use more fat and less carbohydrate to fuel exercise at the same relative intensity. Circulating levels of estrogen and progesterone are likely to play an important role in explaining this gender difference in exercise substrate utilization.</AbstractText>Studies, mainly using animal models, hav... |
2,313,105 | The effect of a change in the dose of trimegestone on the pattern of bleeding in estrogen-treated post-menopausal women: 6 month extension of a dose-ranging study. | Abnormal bleeding pattern is one major reason for non-compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in post-menopausal women. We have previously documented that the dose of trimegestone is the main determinant of the pattern of bleeding in women treated with estradiol (E(2)) and sequential combined trimegestone adm... |
2,313,106 | [The influence of the hormonal replacement therapy on conjunctival epithelium morphology among peri- and postmenopausal women]. | To estimate the status of the conjunctival morphology among women treated due to endocrinological or gynecological indications with hormone replacement therapy.</AbstractText>60 women treated with hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were divided into three groups of examination: group 1 (20 women), treated with HRT afte... |
2,313,107 | [The influence of the hormonal replacement therapy on the amount and stability of the tear film among peri- and postmenopausal women]. | To estimate the amount of the tear-film and its stability among women treated due to endocrinological or gynecological indications with hormone replacement therapy.</AbstractText>60 women treated with hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were divided into 3 groups of examination: group 1 (20 women), treated with HRT afte... |
2,313,108 | The assessment of bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women during continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: a review of methodology and recommendations for reporting of the data. | To systematically review methods used to report data on bleeding patterns among postmenopausal women enrolled in clinical trials of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT); and to propose the use of standardized terms, definitions, and methods for collecting and reporting bleeding data in such trials.</Ab... |
2,313,109 | Estrogen and colon cancer: current issues. | Carcinoma of the colon is common and its incidence varies according to the geographical location and dietary habits. The aims of this paper are, first, to review the current epidemiological data on the incidence and mortality of colon cancer in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT); second, to re... |
2,313,110 | Coordinate Notch3-hairy-related transcription factor pathway regulation in response to arterial injury. Mediator role of platelet-derived growth factor and ERK. | The Notch family of receptors and downstream effectors plays a critical role in cell fate determination during vascular ontogeny. Moreover, the human cerebral autosomal dominant artriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) syndrome of premature stroke and dementia is a heritable arteriopathy ... |
2,313,111 | Trough oestradiol levels associated with cognitive impairment in post-menopausal women after 10 years of oestradiol implants. | Oestrogen treatment has been found to improve memory in healthy post-menopausal women, but the effects are small, especially when socio-economic status is controlled. There is some evidence that with long-term treatment the benefits decline, or reverse.</AbstractText>To examine the effects of 10 years of oestradiol imp... |
2,313,112 | [Treatment effect of constructed wetlands on organic matter in wastewater from pig farm]. | Using plant species Vetiveria zizanioides and Cyperus alternifolius respectively, two constructed wetlands (CWS) with size of 1.0 m x 0.5 m x 0.8 m were established. The purifying function and its change pattern with season, influent concentration and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the constructed wetlands on the or... |
2,313,113 | Transdermal estradiol in menopausal women depresses interleukin-6 without affecting other markers of immune response. | The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of transdermal estradiol replacement therapy (HRT) on immune function in menopausal women.</AbstractText>A prospective comparative study was carried out in 30 women, aged 48-55 years, who were divided into two groups; 20 of them received transdermal estradiol 50 microg/da... |
2,313,114 | Sex hormonal factors and chronic widespread pain: a population study among women. | The observation of higher rates of chronic widespread pain, the cardinal feature of fibromyalgia, in women has led to hypotheses about the role of sex hormonal factors in the aetiology of symptoms. There is little available evidence from epidemiological studies on their importance or role.</AbstractText>A population po... |
2,313,115 | The effects of tamoxifen and estrogen on brain metabolism in elderly women. | Tamoxifen is used to treat breast cancer and may reduce the risk of breast cancer. However, there are conflicting reports as to whether tamoxifen use is associated with changes in brain metabolism and function or cognitive impairment. Consequently, we assessed the effects of tamoxifen and estrogen on the brain chemistr... |
2,313,116 | Subcutaneous fibrosis after whole neck irradiation. | To identify the risk factors for moderate to severe subcutaneous fibrosis after whole neck irradiation.</AbstractText>We analyzed 233 cases of patients who had undergone whole neck irradiation with 4-MV X-ray or 8-10-MeV electrons, or both, and had been followed with regard to their skin condition for at least 1 year. ... |
2,313,117 | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women after genital cancer. | Women treated for genital cancer are not only suffering from the disease itself, but are in most cases confronted with the side effects of the loss of ovarian function. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for the gynecologist, who cares for these patients, to strongly consider the benefits and drawbacks of hormone re... |
2,313,118 | The impact of testosterone imbalance on depression and women's health. | Women suffer more often from depression than males, indicating that hormones might be involved in the etiology of this disease. Low as well as high testosterone (T) levels are related to depression and well-being in women, T plasma levels correlate to depression in a parabolic curve: at about 0.4-0.6 ng/ml plasma free ... |
2,313,119 | Classification of benign endometrial glandular cells in cervical smears from postmenopausal women. | The Bethesda System recommends reporting benign endometrial cells in cervical smears from postmenopausal (PMP) women as a glandular cell abnormality. However, PMP women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) sometimes may experience endometrial shedding. The significance of such a finding has not been investigated in det... |
2,313,120 | Nitric oxide of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines promotes tumour cell invasion. | The present study investigates the role of nitric oxide and the involvement of nitric oxide synthase II isoform on the invasion of human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines HRT-18 and HT-29. HRT-18 cells, which constitutively express nitric oxide synthase II mRNA were three-fold more invasive in a Matrigel invasion as... |
2,313,121 | Effect of different doses of progestin on uterine leiomyomas in postmenopausal women. | <AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE(S)" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To evaluate the effects of two doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on uterine leiomyoma sizes and on uterine bleeding pattern in postmenopausal women treated with oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Thirty natural postmenopausal women a... |
2,313,122 | Glaucomatous optic nerve head changes with scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. | To determine whether there are angiographic differences among normal, preperimetric and advanced glaucoma eyes using indocyanine green angiography with SLO. This method was chosen because of its sensibility to detect peripapillary capillary vessels.</AbstractText>Scanning laser opthalmoscopy was preformed on normal eye... |
2,313,123 | Sildenafil increases ocular perfusion. | Our goal was to determine whether visual system responses to sildenafil accompany shifts in ocular perfusion. The human choroid, which supports the metabolic function of the outer retina, is an erectile tissue, analogous in many respects to the corpus cavenosum.</AbstractText>Right eyes of 12 normal adults were evaluat... |
2,313,124 | Papillary drusen and ocular hypertension. | To evaluate if the changes in the peripapillary and papillary retinal nerve fiber layer, in a young girl who presents papillary drusen and ocular hypertension in both eyes.</AbstractText>We studied this case with retinography, Humphrey Visual Field, HRT, GDx, and diary curve tonometry.</AbstractText>After three years o... |
2,313,125 | Arterial narrowing as a predictive factor in glaucoma. | To evaluate whether retinal arteriolar widths change in normal patients and in different glaucoma types. We measured the arteriolar width at the merge in the optic nerve (MD), at the edge of the optic nerve (ED) and at the peripapillary area (1 disc diameter distance) (disc distance D). HRT software 1.11, Interactive M... |
2,313,126 | Large optic nerve heads: megalopapilla or megalodiscs. | To evaluate megalopapillas in order to determine whether they constitute a different population, according to their specific features.</AbstractText>Evaluation of the optic nerve head of 405 eyes divided into 172 normal eyes, 168 pre-perimetric glaucomas (phase 3 or 4), 30 primary congenital glaucomas (children with pu... |
2,313,127 | [The effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the human eye]. | HRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy) is the administration of low estrogen preparation to post-menopausal women. This therapy is considered to be effective in protecting various human tissues from aging processes, which are also related to the decrease in endogenous estrogen level. Estrogen receptors were found in many hu... |
2,313,128 | An interesting byproduct of screening: assessing the effect of HRT on arterial calcification in the female breast. | Arterial calcification in the female breast (BAC) is a common but unreported finding on breast screening mammograms. Accumulating evidence suggests that BAC may have importance as a marker for generalised vascular disease. In this study, we have assessed the influence of HRT usage on the prevalence of BAC in 4400 women... |
2,313,129 | Is it possible to recommend an "optimal" postoperative management after hysteroscopic metroplasty? A retrospective study with 52 infertile patients showing a septate uterus. | The aim of the retrospective study was to evaluate the "optimal" postoperative management after hysteroscopic metroplasty. METHODS. FIFTY-TWO: infertile patients with a septate uterus were included. Hysteroscopic metroplasty was performed using electrocautery (dissection needle) with postoperative cyclical hormone repl... |
2,313,130 | Number of years since menopause: spontaneous bone loss is dependent but response to hormone replacement therapy is independent. | In this study we examine the influence of number of years since menopause on spontaneous bone loss and response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in 274 women (56.1 +/- 4.2 years) completing two placebo-controlled HRT studies of 2 or 3 year duration. Both cross sectionally and longitudinally, bone loss in untreated ... |
2,313,131 | Effect of 1 year of discontinuation of raloxifene or estrogen therapy on bone mineral density after 5 years of treatment in healthy postmenopausal women. | The beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), or bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women have been well established. However, little is known about the effects of discontinuation of treatment on bone mineral d... |
2,313,132 | [Effects of hormone replacement therapy in menopause on cardiovascular risk. Need for a European study]. | The increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) after menopause is currently attributed to estrogen deficiency. Many epidemiological (case-control and prospective) studies have reported a decreased risk (0.5-0.7) of CHD in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, there are some disc... |
2,313,133 | Microcosm wetlands for wastewater treatment with different hydraulic loading rates and macrophytes. | Constructed wetlands (CW) usually require large land areas for treating wastewater. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying CW with less land requirement by operating a group of microcosm wetlands at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of less than 4 d in southern Taiwan. An artificial wastewater, simulating muni... |
2,313,134 | Cardioprotective benefits of hormone replacement therapy. | To examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on adverse cardiac events in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>A systematic review of all available scientific literature (513 articles) on the cardioprotective benefits of HRT, including research reports, meta-analyses, and commentaries.</AbstractText>Epidem... |
2,313,135 | Lifestyle factors and choice of hormone replacement therapy among Danish nurses. | Studies have found that women who use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are healthier or report better health than non-users. This study examines the association between lifestyle factors, self-reported health and the use of HRT in Danish female nurses above the age of 50 years.</AbstractText>Postal questionnaires were... |
2,313,136 | Incidence of cardiovascular disease, cancer and death in postmenopausal women affirming use of hormone replacement therapy. | The goal of this study was to evaluate the incidence of myocardial infarction, cancer and death in relation to use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Nine years' follow up of an urban cohort of peri-/postmenopausal women was undertaken. Local and national registers were used for retrieval of events.</A... |
2,313,137 | Insulin resistance and lipids in hypertensive women on hormone replacement therapy. | Hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and dyslipidaemia are strong and independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Their increasing frequency in postmenopausal women suggests that oestrogen deficiency may be a contributing factor. It is well known that oestrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women improves ... |
2,313,138 | Blood pressure control and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women at risk for coronary heart disease. | Coronary heart disease (CHD) in women is strongly associated with estrogen deprivation. For example, risk for CHD increases dramatically after menopause. However, the role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in CHD prevention currently is unresolved. To better understand CHD in women, the precise mechanisms by which e... |
2,313,139 | Pathologic and biological prognostic factors of breast cancers in short- and long-term hormone replacement therapy users. | Breast cancer tumors occurring in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users are less aggressive, but no studies have compared tumor aggressiveness among HRT users by length and mode of therapy.</AbstractText>A total of 1105 consecutive postmenopausal patients treated for operable breast cancer at the European Institute o... |
2,313,140 | Effects of hormonal replacement therapy on oxidative stress and total antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal hemodialysis patients. | Oxidative stress is known to be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Many studies have demonstrated that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has beneficial effects on oxidation injury in postmenopausal women with normal renal function. In this study, we examined the effects of HRT on ... |
2,313,141 | [Hormone replacement therapy in peri- and postmenopause. Routine use is not indicated]. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with estrogens (in non-hysterectomized women with estrogens and progestins) during the peri- and postmenopausal period has been widely applied for many years. On the basis of new data, HRT is currently being critically reviewed. HRT administered for up to 5 years to treat climacteric h... |
2,313,142 | What is this thing called hormone replacement therapy? Discursive construction of medication in situated practice. | The use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) involves complex decisions for mid-aged women owing to controversy about the meaning of menopause and uncertainty regarding risks and benefits. Qualitative studies show that women can hold apparently contradictory beliefs, for example, both resisting and relying on medicaliz... |
2,313,143 | Mathematical model for meso- and thermophilic anaerobic sewage sludge digestion. | A mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamic behavior of mesophilic (35 +/- 5 degrees C) and thermophilic digestion (55 +/- 5 degrees C). Special emphasis is given to acetotrophic methanogenesis and propionate degradation, as the steps that determine the stability of anaerobic digestion, as well as to hydr... |
2,313,144 | Individualize seniors' drug therapy to reduce risk of osteoporosis fractures. | New evidence suggests hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may not be the best option for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis after all, leaving clinicians to reconsider their recommendations to patients with or at risk of the devastating disease. |
2,313,145 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal diabetic women. | The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three different combinations of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin secretion, peripheral insulin sensitivity, serum lipid levels and parameters of oxidative stress. Seven type II diabetic women of mean age 55.4 +/- 4.7 years, who had been menopausal f... |
2,313,146 | The impact of different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate on mood symptoms in sequential hormonal therapy. | The aim of this study was to compare adverse mood effects of two different doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) during postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in women with and without a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The study was designed as a randomized double-blind cross-over study and inclu... |
2,313,147 | Bone mass response to discontinuation of long-term hormone replacement therapy: results from the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Safety Follow-up Study. | Accelerated bone loss after stopping hormone therapy (HRT) is postulated to explain the lack of hip-fracture protection conferred by former HRT use. The abbreviation HRT (traditionally standing for "hormone replacement therapy") is used herein because of its wide recognition in the field. However, the pharmacological d... |
2,313,148 | The decision to take hormone replacement therapy among women with disabilities. | Whereas making decisions during menopause can be challenging for all women, those with physical impairments face special issues with respect to menopause in general and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in particular. In this correlational study the authors explored the factors such women consider when making decisions... |
2,313,149 | Comparison of different treatment modalities for postmenopausal patients with osteopenia: hormone replacement therapy, calcitonin and clodronate. | To evaluate the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), clodronate, calcitonin and a clodronate plus calcitonin combination in postmenopausal patients with osteopenia.</AbstractText>One hundred postmenopausal patients with osteopenia, with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at least one standard deviat... |
2,313,150 | Vitamin D receptor and estrogen receptor gene polymorphisms in postmenopausal Danish women: no relation to bone markers or serum lipoproteins. | To investigate the polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER) genes in relation to biochemical markers of bone turnover (serum osteocalcin and urinary collagen type I degradation products (CrossLaps), and to study ER genotypes in relation to serum lipoproteins, blood pressure, or changes i... |
2,313,151 | Headache at menopause and in hormone replacement therapy users. | To determine the prevalence of headache in menopausal women and to assess factors that may influence headache at menopause and in women using hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A questionnaire survey was performed on 1000 consecutive women attending Leicester Royal Infirmary menopause clinics. Weight, blo... |
2,313,152 | Intrauterine application of progestins in hormone replacement therapy: a review. | The intrauterine application of progestins as endometrial protection against hyperstimulation by estrogen replacement therapy has been investigated in clinical trials since the early 1990s and one product has become available for this indication. This review considers the available published and presented reports on in... |
2,313,153 | Disturbances in postural balance are common in postmenopausal women with vasomotor symptoms. | To establish the prevalence of unsteadiness and rotatory vertigo in peri- and postmenopausal women, and whether balance disturbances are more common in women with vasomotor symptoms and without hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>A validated questionnaire was sent to all 1523 women aged 54 or 55 years in L... |
2,313,154 | The Menopause Rating Scale (MRS): reliability of scores of menopausal complaints. | To analyze the reliability of scores of the recently developed self-administrative Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) in a follow-up investigation of a cohort after approximately one and a half years, and to look for possible reasons for variation.</AbstractText>A follow-up investigation of a random sample of an initially re... |
2,313,155 | Psychosocial factors, attitude to menopause and symptoms in Swedish perimenopausal women. | To analyze attitude to menopause from women's own accounts and to examine whether psychosocial factors and attitude are associated with symptom reporting.</AbstractText>The data form part of a population-based longitudinal study of a cohort of women who have been followed annually for 5 years using psychological interv... |
2,313,156 | Cross-sectional study of determinants of menopausal age and hormone replacement therapy use in Italian women. | The aim of the study was to analyze determinants of age at menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Women included were identified in a large cross-sectional study into epidemiology of the menopause among a sample of women visiting their general practitioners, conducted in Italy.</AbstractText>Eligible wome... |
2,313,157 | Comparison of the effects of continuous combined and sequential combined medroxyprogesterone acetate-estradiol treatment on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells. | The aim of the study was to examine the effects of two different, clinically relevant, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen types, continuous combined and sequential combined, on breast cancer cells by means of an in vitro model. The study was carried out using the C21-progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) i... |
2,313,158 | British-Asian women's views on and attitudes towards menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | To establish an understanding of the views and values of Asian women living in the UK but of Indian subcontinent origin, in relation to the menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT): hopefully this will allow the development of strategies for increasing HRT uptake and long-term adherence.</AbstractText>This was a... |
2,313,159 | Sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with HRT use in women attending menopause clinics in Italy. | The aim of this analysis is to find any association between the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and sociodemographic and clinical factors among women attending 54 menopause clinics in Italy.</AbstractText>The analysis includes data relating to 17,851 women who attended one of 54 menopause clinics in Italy for ... |
2,313,160 | Controversial issues in climacteric medicine I. Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement therapy. International Menopause Society Expert Workshop. 13-16 October 2000, royal society of medicine, London, UK. | The clinical benefits of HRT are clearly established for the relief of menopausal symptoms, improving quality of life and the prevention of osteoporosis. Although research on the impact of HRT (oral, transdermal, tibolone, etc.) and on the effects of raloxifene on CVD is still ongoing, with certain unresolved controver... |
2,313,161 | [Characterization of hormone replacement therapy users in Campinas, São Paulo]. | This study employed a descriptive, cross-sectional, population-based design to characterize climacteric women from Campinas, São Paulo State, based on use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). An area cluster sample was selected with 456 women 45 to 60 years of age, residing in Campinas, based on data from the Bra... |
2,313,162 | Study of the in vitro sulphidoleukotriene production in food-allergic patients. | To study in vitro sulphidoleukotriene (sLT) production by food allergic patients using cellular allergen stimulation test (CAST)-ELISA and to evaluate the reliability of this technique for diagnosing food allergic reactions.</AbstractText>Forty patients with adverse reactions after food intake, 20 healthy controls, and... |
2,313,163 | Optic disc biomorphometry with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph at different reference levels. | The Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) is a confocal scanning laser tomograph that produces high resolution optical section images of the optic disc and central retina. Measurement accuracy and reproducibility is good. Several of the stereometric variables depend on the definition of a reference plane level. The purpose... |
2,313,164 | Combined hormone replacement therapy improves endothelial function in healthy postmenopausal women. | Large scale epidemiological studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) reduces cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. Improvement in endothelial function may contribute to this protective effect.</AbstractText>In a prospective, double blind study, 61 healthy postmenopausal women were randomized to r... |
2,313,165 | Does hormonal replacement therapy actually protect against cardiovascular disease? | It is generally accepted that menopausal symptoms can be controlled by HRT. As additional (putative) benefits of HRT were discovered, it was claimed that such uses were also important. Soon, trials were instituted to test these assertions, some of them quite large and projected to last a long time (> or = 5 years). ... |
2,313,166 | Osteoporosis in postmenopausal women (Mexico City): 1. Risk factors. | To determine risk factors for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women from Mexico City.</AbstractText>The following prognostic variables for low bone density were analyzed in 400 postmenopausal women: age, body mass index (BMI), time since menopause (TM), previous and current hormone replacement therapy (HRT), previous us... |
2,313,167 | Phentolamine mesylate in postmenopausal women with female sexual arousal disorder: a psychophysiological study. | The objective of this study was to assess the potential of phentolamine as a treatment of postmenopausal women with female arousal disorder (FSAD). Vaginal photoplethismography and a subjective questionnaire were used. Forty one women were enrolled and four treatments were tested: vaginal solutions 5 mg and 40 mg and a... |
2,313,168 | A placebo-controlled trial of long-term oral combined continuous hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: effects on arterial compliance and endothelial function. | To study the effects of long-term combined continuous oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vascular function in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>The cardiovascular effects of HRT are controversial. Improvement in vascular function is a proposed mechanism of oestrogen action but there are no long-term co... |
2,313,169 | Bisphosphonates for prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. | Our studies showed that 5 mg alendronate per day was the lowest, most effective dose that persistently prevented bone loss in recently postmenopausal women with normal bone mass. The effect on bone mass and biochemical markers was found comparable to that of commonly recommended regimens of postmenopausal HRT, and 5 mg... |
2,313,170 | [Pharmaco-economic evaluation of drug therapy osteoporosis. A literature review]. | Interventions against osteoporosis may reduce the incidence of fractures in patients and costs to society, but they also incur additional expenditure and thus call for economic evaluation. The aim of this paper was to evaluate existing literature by applying cost-effectiveness (CEA) and cost-utility analyses (CUA) to p... |
2,313,171 | Osteoprotective benefits of exercise: more pain, less gain? | Based on the results of their study, Hagberg et al. suggested that physical activity that is moderate in intensity might be most appropriate for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The take-home message is that being physically active has osteoprotective benefits. However, the implication that more ... |
2,313,172 | Moderate physical activity is associated with higher bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. | To determine the associations between different levels of habitual physical activity, hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional.</AbstractText>Academic medical center.</AbstractText>Twenty sedentary women, 20 active nonathletic women, and 23... |
2,313,173 | Factors affecting the cytology outcome of Pap smears--a brief approach to internal quality control in private cytopathology laboratory practice. | We evaluated the effect of intrauterine device (IUD), patient age and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cytology outcome in Pap smears together with the important IQC procedures: 1) manual double-screening by cytotechnologists, and 2) retrospective senior pathologist review during 1996-1999. The results from primary... |
2,313,174 | The periodontal-systemic connection: implications for treatment of patients with osteoporosis and periodontal disease. | Osteoporosis and osteopenia may influence periodontal disease and tooth loss. Medications such as hormone replacement therapy and nutritional supplements that are used to prevent or treat osteoporosis have been evaluated for beneficial effects on oral health in a small number of human studies. Hormone replacement thera... |
2,313,175 | Estrogen receptor alpha polymorphism as a genetic marker for bone loss, vertebral fractures and susceptibility to estrogen. | The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible roles of PvuII and XbaI polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER(alpha)) in bone mineral density (BMD), vertebral fracture, bone loss rate after menopause and response to hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>All 286 women were grouped ... |
2,313,176 | The spike but not the hemagglutinin/esterase protein of bovine coronavirus is necessary and sufficient for viral infection. | The spike (S) and hemagglutinin/esterase (HE) of bovine coronavirus (BCV) are the two envelope proteins that recognize the same receptor-determinant of 9-O-acetylneuraminic acid on host cells. However, the precise and relative roles of the two proteins in BCV infectivity remain elusive. To unequivocally determine their... |
2,313,177 | [Controversy between estrogen replacement therapy and risk of breast cancer in menopause]. | At present, no information is available from controlled prospective randomized clinical trials to demonstrate a causal link between estrogen replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of developing breast cancer. In most epidemiologic studies, HRT is not associated with an major increased risk of breast cancer; thus for wo... |
2,313,178 | Quantitative studies of bone in postmenopausal women using (18)F-fluoride and (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate. | Quantitative radionuclide studies of bone using the short-lived tracers (18)F-fluoride and (99m)Tc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) are an alternative method to biochemical markers of bone turnover for investigating the dynamic state of the skeleton. In this study we evaluated their use to quantify bone turnover in women ... |
2,313,179 | [The atherogenic lipid profile parameters and fibrinogen serum concentration in climacteric women under various routes of hormone replacement therapy administration]. | Influence of various routes of HTR on atherogenic lipid profile parameters and serum fibrinogen concentration was investigated.</AbstractText>In 85 women in four groups receiving HRT transvaginally, transdermally, orally and intramuscularly, the total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apoB, apoA, LpA and fib... |
2,313,180 | [Menopausal medicine of the threshold of the third millennium]. | The paper reviews most important trends in hormonal replacement therapy which have appeared in recent years. The tailored approach to HRT, introduction of new drugs and modification of established treatment regimes are the most probable directions in which menopausal medicine would develop in the years to come. |
2,313,181 | Hormone replacement therapy and prevention of pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers. | Pressure ulcers and venous leg ulcers are common chronic wounds. Oestrogens in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might have an effect on wound healing, but this possibility has not been studied in detail. Using a case-cohort study including elderly patients in the UK General Practice Research Database, we s... |
2,313,182 | Trace mineral status in post menopausal women: impact of hormonal replacement therapy. | The risks of disturbances in trace mineral nutrition and metabolism are high following menopause. The aim of the study was to investigate the trace mineral status in postmenopausal women and the influence of hormonal replacement therapy on this status. Forty-four healthy postmenopausal women, aged 50-60 years old parti... |
2,313,183 | Sex hormone replacement therapy reverses altered venous contractility in rats after pharmacological ovariectomy. | Female sex hormones have several important effects on the venous system. We earlier found that hormone replacement has a significant effect on venous distensibility, but effects of menopause and hormone replacement on venous contractility have never been studied. Therefore, and because the changes we found earlier in d... |
2,313,184 | The effect of hormone replacement therapy on appendicular lean tissue mass in early postmenopausal women. | The impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on skeletal muscle mass is still a controversial issue in women's health. Some authors hypothesize anabolic effects, others catabolic. These hypotheses, however, await confirmation by longitudinal observations based on more direct measurements of muscle mass. The aim of t... |
2,313,185 | Comparing ophthalmoscopy, slide viewing, and semiautomated systems in optic disc morphometry. | To compare disc measurements obtained by indirect ophthalmoscopy, the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), stereoscopic slide viewing (SSV) of color transparencies, and the Topcon ImageNet System (ImageNet).</AbstractText>Population-based cross-sectional study.</AbstractText>From the Rotterdam Study, 324 subjects (567 ey... |
2,313,186 | Does hormone-replacement therapy prevent fractures in early postmenopausal women? | The purpose of this population-based prospective cohort study was to examine the effect of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) on the risk of fractures. The study population consisted of 7217 postmenopausal women aged 47-56 years (mean, 53.3 years) at baseline from data taken from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and ... |
2,313,187 | [Sonography and hysteroscopy for endometrial carcinoma and its precursors]. | The transvaginal sonography is a non invasive diagnostic method to evaluate the endometrium. It has a high reliability in the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, in the assessment of the depth of myometrial invasion as well as in preoperative staging. Patients with an episode of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding and an e... |
2,313,188 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism on plasma folate and homocysteine levels in postmenopausal Japanese women. | To evaluate the relationships among the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism, plasma folate, total homocysteine (Hcy) levels, lipids, and the reduction of Hcy levels resulting from hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Clinical study.</AbstractText>Outpatient department of obstetrics and ... |
2,313,189 | Effects of transdermal hormone replacement therapy on levels of soluble P- and E-selectin in postmenopausal healthy women. | To study the adhesion molecule pattern in postmenopausal women who were not receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT), HRT users, and fertile women.</AbstractText>Case-control study.</AbstractText>Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fifty he... |
2,313,190 | Breast cancer prevention: present and future. | Increased risk of breast cancer may result from modifiable factors such as endogenous hormone levels, obesity, HRT, and non-lactation, or non-modifiable factors such as genetic susceptibility or increasing age. Those factors that are easiest to modify may have a limited impact on the totality of breast cancer. The Gail... |
2,313,191 | Endogenous postmenopausal hormones and carotid atherosclerosis: a case-control study of the atherosclerosis risk in communities cohort. | Studies examining the relation between endogenous postmenopausal hormone levels and cardiovascular disease have yielded conflicting results. After excluding women with a history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, the authors conducted a US case-control study in 1987-1992 comparing endogenous postmenopausal hormo... |
2,313,192 | Effect of surgical menopause and Paget's disease of bone on the isomerization of type I collagen carboxyterminal telopeptide: evolution after antiresorptive therapy. | The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of surgical menopause and Paget's disease of bone, as well as the influence of therapy, on the isomerization of the carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). Fourteen women who had undergone surgical menopause and had begun hormone replacement therapy (H... |
2,313,193 | Expression pattern of novel chick T-box gene, Tbx20. | Little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved with the initial specifications of the cardiac mesoderm. In order to identify potential regulatory factors that play important roles in early heart specification, we attempted to isolate the chick H15-related T-box gene and analyze its expression pattern during ea... |
2,313,194 | Dried plums improve indices of bone formation in postmenopausal women. | Menopause drastically increases the risk of osteoporosis. Aside from drug therapy, lifestyle and nutritional factors play an important role in the maintenance of skeletal health. Our recent findings suggest that dried plums, a rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, are highly effective in modulating bone mass... |
2,313,195 | Nuclear DNA content, proliferative activity, and p53 expression related to clinical and histopathologic features in endometrial carcinoma. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of image cytometry DNA ploidy, MIB-1, and p53 in relation to clinicopathologic variables in 376 consecutive patients with endometrial carcinoma stages I-IV. Following primary treatment 358 patients were considered tumor-free. Relapses and tumor-specific de... |
2,313,196 | Circadian serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in postmenopausal asthmatic women before and after long-term hormone replacement. | To assess mean 24-h serum concentrations of dehydroepianrosterone (DHEAS) in postmenopausal women with asthma before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Studies were performed in 55 asthmatic and 20 healthy postmenopausal women aged 48-60 before HRT and after 6 months of transdermal 17b-estradiol... |
2,313,197 | The perceptions of menopause of African-American and white women and affect on willingness to participate in a HRT clinical trial. | Menopause is a normal developmental process for women; however, few studies of healthy menopausal women and African-American women have been reported. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been touted as a treatment for menopausal women, clinical trials of HRT still need to be conducted to determine its potential... |
2,313,198 | Difference in bone acquisition among hormonally treated postmenopausal women with normal and low bone mass. | This prospective analysis was conducted to compare the effects of hormone treatments on bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine, hip, and distal forearm in postmenopausal women with normal BMD and those with low bone mass. Eighty healthy women were randomly assigned to receive a cyclic regimen of standard hormon... |
2,313,199 | Differences in urinary stress hormones in male and female nurses at different ages. | The aim of this study was to assess the levels of urinary stress hormones in male and female nurses and to determine their contribution to sex-determined health outcomes. RATIONALE/BACKGROUND: While the use of questionnaires have shown that there is a high degree of stress in health care workers, these results are inco... |
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