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2,313,200 | Hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer. | Studies of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) suggest an associated increased risk of breast cancer, but whether this association differs according to histologic type of cancer has not been extensively studied.</AbstractText>To determine whether the association between HRT and risk of breast cancer varies by H... |
2,313,201 | Hormone replacement therapy menopause with a better future--a survey of views on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). | To assess the views and prescribing practices of doctors regarding hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>In April 1999, 103 doctors from a teaching hospital participated in a survey. Using a self-administered questionnaire, subjects were contacted at the departments of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine, Obs... |
2,313,202 | The potential role of estrogen in aromatase regulation in the breast. | Aromatase is expressed in both normal and malignant breast tissues. Aromatase activity in the breast varies over a wide range. Our previous studies have demonstrated that in situ aromatization contributes to the estrogen content of breast tumors to a major extent. Consequently, alterations of aromatase activity could s... |
2,313,203 | Subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple vascular beds: an index of atherosclerotic burden evaluated in postmenopausal women. | The Healthy Women Study has evaluated risk factor changes as women go through the menopause. In 274 women, measures of atherosclerosis in the coronary, aorta and carotid arteries were obtained at 8 years postmenopause using electron beam tomography and carotid ultrasound. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the a... |
2,313,204 | The use of upflow anaerobic filter and AnSBR for wastewater treatment at ambient temperature. | This research was carried out in order to study the effect of the temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the start-up and steady-state performance of upflow anaerobic filter (UAF) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR). A mixture of synthetic substrate (glucose and sodium acetate) and real municipal ... |
2,313,205 | Aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor treating thermomechanical pulping whitewater under thermophilic conditions. | The continuously operated laboratory scale Kaldnes moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used for thermophilic (55 degrees C) aerobic treatment of TMP whitewater. In the MBBR, the biomass is grown on carrier elements that move along with the water in the reactor. Inoculation with mesophilic activated sludge gave 60-65%... |
2,313,206 | [Changes in mammography and breast ultrasonography in women undergoing hormonal replacement therapy]. | The aim of this study was to compare changes in mammography and breast ultrasonography in women undergoing Hormonal Replacement Therapy (HRT) and a control group.</AbstractText>Retrospective analysis of clinical documentation form 12.1998 to 11.1999 of 1075 women over 45 years old. COLLECTED DATA INCLUDED: Breast imagi... |
2,313,207 | Tetrachloroethylene (TCE) removal during anaerobic granulation in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. | The anaerobic biotransformation of TCE was investigated during the granulation process by reducing the HRT and increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TCE loadings in a 21 laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. Anaerobic unacclimated sludge and glucose were used as seed and primary sub... |
2,313,208 | Use of alternatives to estrogen for treatment of menopause. | Women frequently chose alternatives to hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for treatment of menopause even though medical indications for estrogens may be present. Prior breast cancer or fear of breast cancer is a major consideration. This review of alternatives to estrogen discusses the evidence linking breast cancer to... |
2,313,209 | [Evaluation of optic disc in open-angle glaucoma with hemifield defect by Heidelberg retinal tomography]. | To investigate whether the glaucomatous optic disc change demonstrated by Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) is consistent to the distribution of the visual field defects and whether Heidelberg retinal tomography, (HRT) parameters in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG) are different.</... |
2,313,210 | Comparative endometrial histology in postmenopausal women with sequential hormone replacement therapy of estradiol and, either chlormadinone acetate or micronized progesterone. | To determine the endometrial response in postmenopausal women treated with a sequential hormone replacement therapy (HRT) of estradiol and, either chlormadinone acetate (CA) or micronized progesterone (MP).</AbstractText>Three hundred and thirty-six postmenopausal women with a normal endometrium were randomized in the ... |
2,313,211 | A 2-year, randomized, comparative, placebo-controlled study on the effects of raloxifene on lipoprotein(a) and homocysteine. | Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) and homocysteine (Hcy) are independent cardiovascular risk factors, which have been shown to be lowered by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). In this 2-year study, the long-term effects of raloxifene (Rlx) in two doses, on Lp(a) and Hcy, were studied and compared with the effects of continuously ... |
2,313,212 | Compliance with 10 years oral hormonal replacement therapy. | To study 10 years compliance with oral hormonal replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>One hundred and fifty-one early postmenopausal women were initially randomly allocated to three groups in a double blind, 2-year placebo controlled trial. Fifty women received continuous combined therapy, 50 were placed on sequenti... |
2,313,213 | Bother arising from urinary frequency in women. | Patients commonly express bother with the symptom of frequent urination. The relationship between actual voiding frequency and this symptom is undocumented. We reviewed records of 200 women who had completed 24-hour frequency-volume charts, and had indicated their degree of bother with urinary frequency utilizing the s... |
2,313,214 | Postmenopausal aging of the sebaceous follicle: a comparison between women receiving hormone replacement therapy or not. | The endocrine control of sebaceous follicles is complex in women. During aging, a decline in sebum output is often experienced. However, some women report increased seborrhea after the menopause.</AbstractText>In this study, the follicular reservoir function was studied during the first decade following the menopause.<... |
2,313,215 | Microbiological quality of a waste stabilization pond effluent used for restricted irrigation in Valle Del Cauca, Colombia. | This paper discusses the applicability of effluent reuse in agriculture after treatment in a series of anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds. The WSP system is located in Ginebra municipality, a small town in southwest Colombia. The total HRT is 12 days. Several samples of the final effluent were taken over a 55 ... |
2,313,216 | The potential for water hyacinth to improve the quality of Bogota River water in the Muña Reservoir: comparison with the performance of waste stabilization ponds. | The potential application of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in organic matter degradation, sedimentation, nutrient and heavy metal absorption and sulfur reduction in the Muña Reservoir has been tested in experimental lagoons. The lagoons were operated at hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 6, 9 and 15 days. ... |
2,313,217 | Oral hormone replacement therapy: factors that influence the estradiol concentrations achieved in a multiracial study population. | The assumption that estradiol (E2) concentrations are reliably increased to therapeutic levels in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been explicitly tested. Nor have factors that may modulate the E2 levels achieved been evaluated. The author examined E2 concentrations in a multirac... |
2,313,218 | [Clinical effects of hormone replacement therapy with estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate in perimenopausal women]. | In perimenopause many women complain of psychogenic and organic disorders often connected with initial and increasing levels of hypoestrogenism. In this study we evaluated the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in symptomatic women in perimenopause.</AbstractText>We enrolled 100 healthy and symptomatic women ... |
2,313,219 | Performance of a bioreactor with submerged membranes for aerobic treatment of municipal waste water. | Aerobic treatment of municipal waste water in a membrane bioreactor was studied for 535 d. Apart from sampling, sludge was retained completely by a submerged hollow fibre membrane with a pore-size of 0.2 microm. The pilot plant comprised an anoxic zone to enable denitrification. The maximum liquid hold-up of the plant ... |
2,313,220 | Clinical characteristics of central serous chorioretinopathy in women. | To describe the clinical features of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in women and identify factors predictive of complete recovery, moderate visual loss, and prolonged duration.</AbstractText>Retrospective observational case series.</AbstractText>Eighty-four eyes in 78 women with CSC seen in our practices betwee... |
2,313,221 | Hormone replacement therapy for survivors of breast and endometrial cancer. | Indirect evidence suggests that endogenous and exogenous estrogen does not influence the outcome of patients treated for breast or endometrial cancer. However, many reports have affirmed beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in preventing multiple disease states and improving the quality of life of in... |
2,313,222 | Weighing the cons and pros: women's reasons for discontinuing hormone replacement therapy. | As a greater proportion of U.S. women move into midlife, there has been increased interest in meeting their preventive health needs. Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may not be an option for all postmenopausal women, it has been documented as prolonging life expectancy and protecting against osteoporosis. Des... |
2,313,223 | Hormone replacement therapy can augment vascular relaxation in post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. | Diabetes is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease in women and event rates increase substantially after the menopause. Observational studies have suggested that estrogens may provide cardioprotection by regulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase.</AbstractText>In order to examine the effect of hormone replac... |
2,313,224 | Recurrence of endometriosis in women with bilateral adnexectomy (with or without total hysterectomy) who received hormone replacement therapy. | To estimate the risk of recurrence after administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women who have had endometriosis and who underwent bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO).</AbstractText>Prospective randomized trial (115 women receiving HRT and 57 not receiving HRT). SETTING; Public university hospital.... |
2,313,225 | Seasonal variations in hydraulic performance of rock-plant filters. | Hydraulic retention time (HRT) may be one of the major factors causing seasonal variations in treatment efficiency of rock-plant filters. Six meso-scale rock-plant filters, three with narrowleaf cattails (Typha augustifolia) and three unplanted, were investigated to evaluate the influence of plant factors on HRT. Trace... |
2,313,226 | Noninvasive assessment of coronary microcirculatory function in postmenopausal women and effects of short-term and long-term estrogen administration. | Estrogen improves endothelial function in the coronary conduit vessels of animals; however, its effects on the coronary microcirculation have not been studied completely in humans.</AbstractText>We measured myocardial blood flow (MBF) with a PET scan at rest, during cold pressor testing (CPT), and during dipyridamole h... |
2,313,227 | Agreement in assessing optic discs with a digital stereoscopic optic disc camera (Discam) and Heidelberg retina tomograph. | To assess the intraobserver agreement, interobserver agreement, and the agreement between a digital stereo optic disc camera (Discam) and Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) in measuring area cup-disc ratio (ACDR) and radial cup-disc ratio (RCDR) by two observers.</AbstractText>The optic discs of 78 eyes of 39 people (17... |
2,313,228 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and major clinical outcomes: a focus on cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, dementia, and breast and endometrial neoplasia. | Current data suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might have a beneficial role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and dementia in postmenopausal women, but other therapies should be considered for the treatment of these conditions. In this review we evaluated the potential benefi... |
2,313,229 | Lack of effects of acute estradiol on mood in postmenopausal women. | Chronic treatment with estrogen is believed to improve mood in postmenopausal women, and recent preclinical evidence suggests that estradiol may also affect mood and behavior through acute neuronal membrane-mediated effects on the central nervous system. This study was designed to characterize potential mood effects of... |
2,313,230 | The physiology, medical management and oral implications of menopause. | Approximately 36 million women in the United States are in the postmenopausal phase of life. The vast majority of these women experienced spontaneous cessation of menses between the ages of 47 and 55 years when the production of estrogen decreased because of an inadequate number of functioning follicles within their ov... |
2,313,231 | Comparison of the effects of transdermal estrogen, oral estrogen, and oral estrogen-progestogen therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. | It is now clear that estrogen intervention reduces bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the route of estrogen administration or addition of progesterone changes this positive effect. Transdermal estrogen (T-E), oral estrogen (E), and oral estrogen plus progestogen (... |
2,313,232 | Androgens and estrogens in relation to hot flushes during the menopausal transition. | In this paper, the association of hormones to vasomotor complaints during the menopausal transition is discussed. Fifty-seven regularly menstruating women without history of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were selected for a longitudinal, prospective study around the menopausal transition. The mean age at the start ... |
2,313,233 | Ascorbic acid status in postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone oral contraceptives affected ascorbic acid status adversely in young women. In vitro, estrogens and progesterone inhibited ascorbic acid accumulation in intestinal cells. This is a pilot study to examine the relation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and plasma ascorbic acid levels among a group of heal... |
2,313,234 | Hormone replacement therapy and symptom reporting in menopausal women: a population-based study of 35-65-year-old women in mid-Sweden. | To measure the prevalence rate of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in the general population and to see whether HRT users report less symptoms, better general health and less use of other palliative than non-users and previous users.</AbstractText>The study was performed in 1995 as a cross-sectional postal questionnai... |
2,313,235 | Do we need clinical trials to test the ability of transdermal HRT to prevent coronary heart disease? | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oral oestrogen was predicted to reduce coronary heart disease (CHD) risk by 50%. Randomized controlled trials show no such benefit, however, pointing instead to an initial increase in CHD events. Although the cardiovascular effects of transdermal HRT are largely unk... |
2,313,236 | Developing a SERM: stringent preclinical selection criteria leading to an acceptable candidate (WAY-140424) for clinical evaluation. | Estrogens are represented by a diverse group of compounds. Within this large family of molecules are tissue-selective estrogens that have been classified as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). These compounds are characterized by the fact that they exhibit both estrogen agonist and antagonist activity depen... |
2,313,237 | Raloxifene: risks and benefits. | Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), was designed to have the expected benefits of long-term estrogen replacement therapy without the risks. This paper reviews the clinical trial evidence for raloxifene benefits and risks, and how they compare with those of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and r... |
2,313,238 | Effects of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators on hemostasis and inflammation: potential differences among drugs. | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), tamoxifen, and raloxifene all share an increase of about three-fold in the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Currently, it is thought that HRT transiently increases the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), followed by subsequent reduction in risk, at least among wome... |
2,313,239 | Cardiovascular trials of estrogen replacement therapy. | An impressive body of evidence has suggested that estrogen therapy should be helpful to slow the pathogenesis or progression of atherosclerosis. Estrogen's favorable effects on lipids and endothelial function, coupled with extensive observational epidemiology and data from animal models of atherosclerosis, persuaded ma... |
2,313,240 | Time-efficient T2 relaxometry of the entire hippocampus is feasible in temporal lobe epilepsy. | To test the clinical usefulness and reliability of a new dual-echo turbo-spin-echo (TSE) sequence for rapid and regional hippocampal T2 relaxometry.</AbstractText>Hippocampal T2 relaxation time (HRT) was determined by a TSE sequence on three to four consecutive coronal images in 16 control subjects and 12 patients with... |
2,313,241 | The removal of nutrients from plant nursery irrigation runoff in subsurface horizontal-flow wetlands. | In New South Wales (NSW) Australia, the recent introduction of legislation to control runoff and charge for water used in agricultural production has encouraged commercial plant nurseries to collect and recycle their irrigation drainage. Runoff from a nursery typically contains around 6 mg/L TN (> 70% as NO3), 0.5 m... |
2,313,242 | River water quality improvement by natural and constructed wetland systems in the tropical semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. | The efficiencies of a natural Typha spp wetland (Wn) formed on a river bed and its effluent treatment in a constructed wetland (Wc, subsurface horizontal flow) were investigated in northeastern Brazil (Paraiba State). The Wc system (12 tanks with stone gravel, 4.13 m2, 0.22 m3, 20 Typha spp rhizomes, m(-2) each, with 3... |
2,313,243 | Evaluation of atrazine removal processes in a wetland. | Agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution is considered to be the largest single category resulting in water quality deterioration. Pesticide is one of the main detrimental agricultural NPS constituents causing the impairment of water bodies. In this study, a mountainous wetland located in McDowell County, North Ca... |
2,313,244 | Tolerance towards explosives, and explosives removal from groundwater in treatment wetland mesocosms. | A short-term study was performed to determine the feasibility of using constructed wetlands to remove explosives from groundwater, and to assess accumulation of parent explosives compounds and their known degradation compounds in wetland plants. Tolerance towards explosives in submersed and emergent plants was screened... |
2,313,245 | Changes in plant biomass and nutrient removal over 3 years in a constructed wetland in Cairns, Australia. | The surface flow wetland in Cairns, Australia consists of 3 linear channels each 65 m long. Channels 1 and 2 are 5 m wide and Channel 3 is 15 m wide. The wetland was constructed in 1994 and band planted with emergent macrophyte species and alternating open water sections. The wetland was monitored for plant growth and ... |
2,313,246 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma homocysteine and C-reactive protein levels. | In order to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma homocysteine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels 46 healthy postmenopausal women were prospectively enrolled. HRT, which was either 0.625 mg/day conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) plus 2.5 mg/day medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or 0.625 m... |
2,313,247 | [Hormone replacement therapy and uterine leiomyomas]. | Enterobacteria contribute to two serious clinical syndromes seen in African AIDS patients: diarrhea and septicemia. In West Africa, prophylaxis with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) reduced illnesses. We report reduced sensitivity of enterobacteria to available antimicrobial agents in Zambia, with only 22% of nontyp... |
2,313,248 | [Cloning and expression of human anti-colonic cancer single-chain Fv fragment]. | We report a new strategy for the generation of human anticolon cancer monoclonal antibodies based on the molecular cloning and expression of immunoglobulin variable region cDNAs derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) that were transformed by EBV. The immortalized B cells secreting tumor-specific antibod... |
2,313,249 | Increasing the fertilizer value of palm oil mill sludge: bioaugmentation in nitrification. | Malaysia is essentially an agricultural country and her major polluting effluents have been from agro-based industries of which palm oil and rubber industries together contribute about 80% of the industrial pollution. Palm oil sludge, commonly referred to, as palm oil mill effluent (POME) is brown slurry composed of 4-... |
2,313,250 | [Hormone replacement therapy reduces the risk of forearm fracture in postmenopausal women. Results of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study]. | In a prospective, controlled, comprehensive cohort trial of 2,016 healthy early postmenopausal women aged 45-58 years we studied fracture prevention through the use of oestrogen. There were two main study arms: a randomised arm (randomised to HRT [n = 502] or not [n = 504]) and a non-randomised arm (on HRT [n = 221] or... |
2,313,251 | Dietary supplement use among menopausal women attending a San Francisco health conference. | This study examined the usage patterns of dietary supplements during menopause, providing information about type, prevalence, and rationale for use.</AbstractText>A survey instrument was distributed to self-identified peri- or postmenopausal women at a San Francisco women's health conference in March 2000.</AbstractTex... |
2,313,252 | Does postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy affect cardiac autonomic regulation in osteoporotic women? | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease; however, the mechanisms remain obscure, and it is not known whether this applies to regimens containing both estrogen and progestin. One possibility is that estrogen would act via enhancement of cardiac aut... |
2,313,253 | Postmenopausal uterine bleeding profiles with two forms of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. | This study was designed to compare the bleeding profiles of conjugated equine estrogens 0.625 mg in combination with 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (Prempro; CEE/MPA group), the most widely prescribed continuous combined hormone replacement therapy (CCHRT) in the United States, with 17beta-estradiol 1 mg combined w... |
2,313,254 | Progestogens in hormonal replacement therapy: new molecules, risks, and benefits. | While the benefits of progestogen use in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well recognized as far as endometrial protection is concerned, their risks and drawbacks have generated controversial articles. Several risks are attributed to progestogens as a class-effect; however, the progestogens used in HRT have varyin... |
2,313,255 | Hormone replacement therapy at the threshold of 21st century. | The management of postmenopausal women has become a major focus for the medical profession. The menopause era should progress from a period of "chaos" to an orderly understanding of the many issues related to the menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Although HRT has beneficial clinical effect and positive b... |
2,313,256 | Natural vaginal progesterone is associated with minimal psychological side effects: a preliminary study. | The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychological side effects of a transvaginal natural progesterone gel in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This 3-month preliminary study was part of a multicenter study previously performed in our center. We enrolled 49 women (ages 18-45 years) with hypothalamic amenorr... |
2,313,257 | [Hormone replacement therapy at menopause in the diabetic woman]. | Epidemiological: higher coronary risk in female diabetic patients than in male diabetic patients. Physiopathological: disturbance of lipid metabolism and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production, seen in both menopausal and diabetic subjects. Hormonal: hyperandrogenism and excessively high blood oestradiol levels in di... |
2,313,258 | Accuracy of recorded tumor, node, and metastasis stage in a comprehensive cancer center. | The benefits of recording the tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) stages of cancer patients are well accepted, but little is known about how accurately this is performed. An audit was performed to determine the accuracy of recorded stage and to act as a baseline before the implementation of an education program.</Abstrac... |
2,313,259 | How to use progestin in hormone replacement therapy: an animal experiment. | To determine whether continuous or cyclic hormone replacement therapy (estrogen and progestogen) is better.</AbstractText>One hundred and forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups. The 1st and 2nd groups were normal estrous and ovariectomy (OVX) controls. Treatment of the other groups imitated t... |
2,313,260 | Imaging of the optic disc and retinal nerve fiber layer: the effects of age, optic disc area, refractive error, and gender. | We cross-sectionally examined the relationship between age, optic disc area, refraction, and gender and optic disc topography and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements, using optical imaging techniques. One eye from each of 155 Caucasian subjects (age range 23.0-80.8 y) without ocular pathology was included. Me... |
2,313,261 | [Changes of nitric oxide and endothelin plasma levels and effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women]. | To investigate the changes of plasma levels of nitric oxide(NO) and endothelin (ET) when the estrogen level dropped and to assess the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on NO, ET plasma levels in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Twenty-six women with regular menses (regular mense group), twenty-eight perim... |
2,313,262 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on heart rate variability in postmenopausal women. | To assess the characteristics of autonomic control of heart rate in postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Time domain and spectral domain heart rate variability (HRV) were performed in 58 postmenopausal women before and after HRT.</AbstractText>Compared with examinations... |
2,313,263 | [Effect of hormone replacement therapy on coagulation function in postmenopausal women]. | To study the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on coagulation function in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Fifty-two postmenopausal women were divided into three groups; placebo group (10 cases), estrogen group (19 cases) and estrogen plus progesterone group (23 cases). Twenty healthy premenopausal women s... |
2,313,264 | Combined COMT and GST genotypes and hormone replacement therapy associated breast cancer risk. | Our previous studies suggested that both COMT and GST genotypes might modify individual breast cancer risk. Here, we extended the studies to examine the potential combined effect of these genotypes in susceptibility to breast cancer. Our study population consisted of 483 Finnish breast cancer cases and 482 population c... |
2,313,265 | Growth hormone and sex steroid effects on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in healthy aged women and men. | Aging is associated with concomitant declines in activity of the growth hormone (GH) and gonadal steroid axes, and in bone mineral density (BMD), in both sexes. Long-term estrogen replacement slows bone loss and prevents fractures in postmenopausal women, whereas the effects of supplementation of GH or testosterone on ... |
2,313,266 | Hormone replacement therapy, insulin sensitivity, and abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women. | The purpose of this study was to determine whether insulin sensitivity differs between postmenopausal women taking estradiol, women on estrogen plus progesterone hormone replacement therapy (HRT), and women not on HRT and whether differences are explained by the differences in total and/or abdominal adiposity and fat d... |
2,313,267 | Trimegestone: expanding therapeutic choices for the treatment of the menopause. | Trimegestone is a novel norpregnane progestin, which has a potent progesterone receptor and very low androgen receptor affinities but no detectable affinity to oestrogen receptor. Trimegestone has been developed for use in conjunction with oestrogen for postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The dose of trim... |
2,313,268 | HRT and breast changes. | S K is a sensible, fit 53 year old with irritating menopausal symptoms who wants to discuss hormone replacement therapy (HRT). She has had a previous mammogram which described moderately dense breasts with only fair visibility for discrete lesions. More recently she had a screening mammogram at BreastScreen, and receiv... |
2,313,269 | Acceptability and patterns of endometrial bleeding in estradiol-based HRT regimens: a comparative study of cyclical sequential combinations of trimegestone or norethisterone acetate. | This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study was planned to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a novel oral regimen containing estradiol (2.0 mg) sequentially combined with trimegestone, at a daily dose of either 0.25 mg or 0.5 mg, with a standard hormone replacement therapy containing estradiol and norethistero... |
2,313,270 | Quality of life and sexuality changes in postmenopausal women receiving tibolone therapy. | The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone on the sexuality and quality of life of Taiwanese postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Forty-eight postmenopausal women were enrolled and prospectively randomized to receive either HRT or tibolone for 3 months. At the... |
2,313,271 | Effect of hormone replacement therapies and selective estrogen receptor modulators in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas: a literature review. | This systematic review examines current literature relating to clinical studies of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and tibolone, including selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen and raloxifene, and their usage in postmenopausal women with fibroids. After a MEDLINE search, 28 relevant article... |
2,313,272 | [Landfill leachate treatment by anaerobic process and electrochemical oxidation]. | This study was conducted to develop a two-stage process of UASB and electrochemical oxidation for the treatment of Hong Kong leachate. The leachate, containing 4750 mg/L of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 1310 mg/L of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), was first treated in a UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactor at... |
2,313,273 | [Anaerobic hydrolysis of terramycin crystallizing mother solution]. | The terramycin crystallizing mother solution contained high organics and high nitrogen. There were many kinds of bioinhibition in it but not enough electronic donor. Anaerobic hydrolysis of terramycin crystallizing mother solution was completed with up anarobic sludge bed in order to improve the biodegradability of was... |
2,313,274 | Oilfield wastewater treatment by combined microfiltration and biological processes. | This work deals with the treatment of offshore oilfield wastewater from the Campos Basin (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil). After coarse filtration, this high saline wastewater was microfiltrated through mixed cellulose ester (MCE) membranes, resulting in average removals of COD, TOC, O&G and phenols of 35%, 25%, 92% ... |
2,313,275 | Real-time control of an immobilized-cell reactor for wastewater treatment using ORP. | The performance of an immobilized-cell reactor for simultaneous carbon nitrogen removal in synthetic wastewater with an intermittent aeration (IA) process under real-time control of oxygen supply was investigated. The oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) was monitored during operation. The ORP-time profile showed distin... |
2,313,276 | Treatment of anaerobically pre-treated domestic sewage by a rotating biological contactor. | The performance of a rotating biological contactor (RBC) for the post-treatment of the effluent of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was the subject of this study. Different hydraulic and organic loading rates have been investigated. The removal efficiencies of COD(total), COD(suspended), COD(colloidal) and CO... |
2,313,277 | The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone on the estradiol stimulated proliferation in MCF-7 cells: comparison of continuous combined versus sequential combined estradiol/progestin treatment. | Little is known on the type of progestin and regimen type in relation to breast cancer risk. We have compared the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and norethisterone (NET) on the estradiol stimulated proliferation in MCF-7 cells with respect to different regimens used in combined hormone replacement therapy ... |
2,313,278 | Hydraulic characteristics of an anoxic rotating biological contactor: influence of biofilm. | The hydraulic characteristics of an anoxic rotating biological contactor were studied under different flow rates. The experiments were carried out with the reactor clean (without biomass) and containing denitrifying biofilm (Alcaligenes denitrificans) covering the disks. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) experiments we... |
2,313,279 | Anaerobic migrating blanket reactor treatment of low-strength wastewater at low temperatures. | The feasibility of the compartmentalized anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) was studied for the treatment of low-strength soluble wastewater under low-temperature conditions. During an operating period of 186 days, a 20-L AMBR was fed nonfat dry milk substrate as a synthetic wastewater at low temperatures (15 a... |
2,313,280 | Serum bone sialoprotein: a marker of bone resorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis. | Thirty healthy perimenopausal women who had normal lumber spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) participated in this study as controls. The pathological group comprised 50 postmenopausal osteoporotic women who had LS-BMD more that 2 SD below the normal mean of healthy p... |
2,313,281 | Pre-acidification in anaerobic sludge bed process treating brewery wastewater. | The effect of pre-acidification on anaerobic granule bed processes treating brewery wastewater was the focus of a comparison study employing two configurations, (a) a single stage upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) and (b) an upflow acidification reactor in series with a methanogenic UASB. The pre-acidification reactor... |
2,313,282 | [Clinical usefulness of the histamine release test in assessing adult asthmatic patients who keep hamster]. | Recently, the prevalence of keeping pets, such as hamsters and guinea pigs, at home has been increasing in Japan. The number of adult asthmatic patients who keep hamster (HKA) has increased, and accounted for 20% of all pet owners in 1997. Histamine release tests (HRT) were performed on 28 patients of HKA, who consulte... |
2,313,283 | Hydrologic modeling of aquatic plant treatment systems polishing dairy lagoon effluents. | In this study, a mathematical model of the hydrologic balance of an aquatic plant treatment system (APTS) has been developed. The mass balance approach has been adopted and the major components of the water balance, such as precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET) and percolation have been incorporated into the model. Fo... |
2,313,284 | Ammonia removal from compost leachate using zeolite. III. Regeneration of zeolite columns. | The effects of hydraulic reteneration time (HRT), and the strength of the regenerating solution on the ammonia adsorption capacity and the zeolite regeneration were studied using bench-scale packed zeolite columns. A 0.6 M NaCl solution fed at a HRT of I h was preferred for the regeneration process, and more than 95% o... |
2,313,285 | [Hormonal replacement therapy and inflammatory response--update]. | Recent studies have shown that the administration of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) to postmenopausal women might be associated with the appearance of increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP). This marker of inflammation might be associated with an unfavorable outcome regarding the appearance of ischemi... |
2,313,286 | [Correlation between blue chromatic macular sensitivity and optic disc change in early glaucoma patients]. | To investigate the relationship between morphological changes of the optic nerve head (ONH) and macular sensitivity(MS) determined with blue-on-yellow(B on Y) and white on white (W on W) perimetry in normal subjects and patients with glaucoma.</AbstractText>One randomly chosen eye was evaluated in each of 28 normal sub... |
2,313,287 | [Effect of hormone replacement therapy on hemorheology in postmenopausal women]. | Our study is to observe the effects of conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on hemorheology in postmenopausal women in order to evaluate mechanism responsible for the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease after menopause and also to provide proper instruction an... |
2,313,288 | Optic disc topography in pseudopapilledema: a comparison to pseudotumor cerebri. | To determine if confocal scanning laser (CSL) tomography can quantify optic disc topography in patients with pseudopapilledema (PP) and to contrast the regional topography of the optic disc in PP and pseudotumor cerebri (PTC).</AbstractText>Three-dimensional optic disc images from 10 PP patients PP and 17 PTC patients ... |
2,313,289 | Hormone replacement therapy and reduced cognitive decline in older women: the Cache County Study. | To examine the association between postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the trajectory of global cognitive change with age.</AbstractText>The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was administered to a population sample of 2,073 nondemented, community-dwelling female residents of Cache County, U... |
2,313,290 | Committee opinion: number 262, December 2001. Risk of breast cancer with estrogen-progestin replacement therapy. | Recent articles have examined the association between the use of combination estrogen-progestin regimens for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of breast cancer. The objective of this Committee Opinion is to evaluate critically the presented evidence. Although epidemiologic studies suggest that the addition... |
2,313,291 | Transdermal hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas. | To evaluate the effects of transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on uterine and leiomyoma size and on uterine bleeding patterns in postmenopausal women with uterine leiomyomas.</AbstractText>The required sample size was calculated to be 30 subjects per group to detect an effect on the size of one standard devia... |
2,313,292 | Cost-effectiveness of raloxifene and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: impact of breast cancer risk. | To examine the life expectancy and cost-effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and raloxifene therapy in healthy 50-year-old postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model, discounting the value of future costs and benefits to account for their time of oc... |
2,313,293 | Combination of intermittent cyclical etidronate and hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal non-responders to estrogen. | To investigate whether the addition of etidronate to conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is effective against bone loss in postmenopausal women whose lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) cannot be maintained by HRT.</AbstractText>Single-centre, placebo-controlled randomised study.</AbstractText>Among 1138 patie... |
2,313,294 | The effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives on the endogenous estradiol metabolism. | The estradiol metabolism may be of clinical relevance in the pathophysiology of various diseases; the increase in D-ring metabolites over A-ring metabolites in breast cancer patients is of special interest. Since estrogen therapy has been blamed for increasing the risk of breast cancer, the effects of hormonal replacem... |
2,313,295 | [Hormone replacement therapy - less is often more]. | Symptomatic postmenopausal women do not accept Hormone Therapy for longer time periods that might also serve the purpose of prevention. Main objectives are bleeding problems, breast tenderness, weight gain and fear of cancer. Risks of HRT may effectively be reduced by low-dose transdermal application as seen from clini... |
2,313,296 | [Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of postmenopausal women with hormone replacement therapy]. | The effect of hormone replacement therapy on cellular immunity of postmenopausal women was studied by flow cytometry (FACS). Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood before and after hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) were measured. After 6 months of HRT with the sequential combined drug Klimonorm(R) (2 mg estradiol vale... |
2,313,297 | [Cross-over comparison of the pharmacokinetics of estradiol during hormone replacement therapy with estradiol valerate or micronized estradiol]. | The aim of this randomized cross-over study was the comparison between a sequential 28-day hormone replacement therapy (HRT) using micronized estradiol and a cyclic 21-day HRT using estradiol valerate with regard to the pharmacokinetics of estradiol. -</AbstractText>Fifty postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to ... |
2,313,298 | The role of serial bone mineral density testing for osteoporosis. | As a whole, groups of women who gain more bone mineral density (BMD) on antiresorptive medications experience greater fracture protection, although the relationship is not clear on the individual level. A literature search (Medline 1966 to present) for randomized, controlled trials was performed with keywords serial bo... |
2,313,299 | Interval cancers in the Norwegian breast cancer screening program: frequency, characteristics and use of HRT. | Breast cancers diagnosed between screening examinations among women who attend a breast cancer screening program are defined as interval cancers. The Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program started as a pilot project in 1996, and data from the first 2-year interval are available. Our study quantifies interval cancers... |
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