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2,313,800 | The influence of physical activity on the response of bone mineral density to 5 years tibolone. | Menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) maintains bone mineral density (BMD) and reduces risk of fracture in postmenopausal women. It has been suggested that sex steroids and loading may have synergistic effects on bone. We therefore investigated whether habitual physical activity influences the response of BMD to... |
2,313,801 | Use of hormone replacement therapy: women's representations of menopause and beauty care practices. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during menopause has been shown to have beneficial effects on women's health, including preventing osteoporosis and probably reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. However, these effects appear only after long use. Knowledge of factors influencing HRT use is a prerequisite fo... |
2,313,802 | Hormone replacement therapy: knowledge, attitudes, self-reported use - and sales figures in Nordic women. | To evaluate knowledge about, attitudes towards and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in Norwegian women - and to compare self-reported use with sales statistics of HRT in the Nordic countries during recent years.</AbstractText>Random samples of Norwegian women age 16-79 were interviewed by the Central Bureau of ... |
2,313,803 | Tamoxifen enhances myoepithelial cell suppression of human breast carcinoma progression in vitro by two different effector mechanisms. | Our previous studies have indicated that myoepithelial cells surrounding ductal and acinar epithelium of glandular organs, such as the breast, exert multiple paracrine suppressive effects on incipient and developing cancers that arise from this epithelium. Myoepithelial cells and derived cell lines (HMS 1-6) exert thes... |
2,313,804 | Cytokines and bone loss in a 5-year longitudinal study--hormone replacement therapy suppresses serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor and increases interleukin-1-receptor antagonist: the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. | The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-6 may play a central role in the acceleration of postmenopausal bone loss, but observational studies have led to contradictory results. Estrogen-dependent changes in the production of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) and the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL... |
2,313,805 | Beliefs about breast cancer risk and use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases the risks of coronary heart disease and osteoporosis, but increases the risk of breast cancer. Although only 20-30% of postmenopausal women in the United States take HRT, the relationship between breast cancer risk perception and use of HRT is not known.</Abstr... |
2,313,806 | Vaginal progesterone in menopause: Crinone 4% in cyclical and constant combined regimens. | Compliance with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is notoriously low despite ample documentation of clinical efficacy. The two major reasons given by women who discontinue HRT are uterine bleeding and side-effects. The recent development of a controlled and sustained vaginal progesterone gel allowed single daily applic... |
2,313,807 | The relative effects of progesterone and progestins in hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was initially given to protect women against osteoporosis and alleviate menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, depression, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness. In view of the understanding of oestrogen deficiency as a major trigger for the acceleration of cardiovascular risk aft... |
2,313,808 | Venous endothelial function in postmenopausal women who are receiving long-term estrogen and progestagen therapy. | To test venous endothelial function during long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and after treatment withdrawal.</AbstractText>Measurement of dorsal hand-vein diameter by venous occlusion plethysmography during infusion of norepinephrine, bradykinin, NG-monomethyl L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside.</AbstractTe... |
2,313,809 | Hormone replacement therapy reverses the decrease in natural killer cytotoxicity but does not reverse the decreases in the T-cell subpopulation or interferon-gamma production in postmenopausal women. | To investigate the immunologic deviations of postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Prospective study.</AbstractText>University teaching hospital.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Seventeen postmenopausal women (study group) and 17 wome... |
2,313,810 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal uterine myoma. | To evaluate the effects of sequential continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on myoma size and on pulsatility index (PI) of uterine arteries and to verify the correlation between uterine artery flow impedance and the growth rate of myoma in women receiving HRT.</AbstractText>In a prospective 1-year study 60 postm... |
2,313,811 | Psychometric validation of two Italian quality of life questionnaires in menopausal women. | To establish the psychometric properties of the Italian version of two quality of life (QOL) questionnaires in menopausal women: the psychological general well being index (PGWBI) and the women's health questionnaire (WHQ).</AbstractText>These questionnaires were translated into Italian and then self-administered to ou... |
2,313,812 | The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors dHAND and eHAND exhibit dimerization characteristics that suggest complex regulation of function. | dHAND and eHAND are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors expressed during embryogenesis and are required for the proper development of cardiac and extraembryonic tissues. HAND genes, like the myogenic bHLH genes, are classified as class B bHLH genes, which are expressed in a tissue-restricted pattern and... |
2,313,813 | High-risk mammographic parenchymal patterns, hormone replacement therapy and other risk factors: a case-control study. | Mammographic parenchymal patterns are of particular interest because the denser patterns reduce screening sensitivity as well as increasing breast cancer risk, and because they have been shown to be affected by exogenous oestrogens.</AbstractText>We designed a case-control study comprising 200 cases with high-risk (P2 ... |
2,313,814 | A review of bone mineral density scans referred by a community-based menopause clinic in 1997. | Osteoporosis is a growing public health issue for the UK's ageing population. Many older women want know if they are at risk of osteoporosis and if preventive treatment, particularly in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), would be advisable. This results in many women being referred for bone mineral density ... |
2,313,815 | Effect of a fish-oil concentrate on serum lipids in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy in a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. | n-3 Fatty acid supplementation lowered serum triacylglycerol concentrations in studies in which most of the subjects were male. The effects of n-3 fatty acid supplementation in postmenopausal women receiving and not receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have received little attention.</AbstractText>We sought to d... |
2,313,816 | Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. | There is considerable evidence that the risk of breast cancer is related to ovarian function. However, the effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on breast cancer risk continues to be debated in the absence of data from randomised controlled trials. Observational studies suggest that HRT probably pr... |
2,313,817 | Important factors for use of hormone replacement therapy: a population-based study of Swedish women. The Women's Health in Lund Area (WHILA) Study. | The aim of this study was to delineate the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women who were born between December 2, 1935, and December 1, 1945, and living in the Lund area of southern Sweden and to analyze factors that contribute to the acceptance and continuation of HRT.</AbstractText>All women received ... |
2,313,818 | Patient knowledge about hormone replacement therapy: implications for treatment. | To determine whether women's global self-assessment of their knowledge about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) corresponds to their performance on an explicit knowledge test about HRT and to measure associations among knowledge, personal characteristics, decision conflict, and intention to use HRT.</AbstractText>Preint... |
2,313,819 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on post-menopausal changes of lymphocytes and T cell subsets. | Immunosenescence is associated with the occurrence of lethal diseases, such as infection and malignancy. Since endocrinosenescence occurs simultaneously with immunosenescence, we determined whether or not lymphocytes and T cell subsets were altered in post-menopausal women. The ability of hormone replacement therapy (H... |
2,313,820 | Estrogens are indicated for the prevention of coronary artery disease: a debate for estrogen. | For the vast majority of women, the overall potential benefits associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) outweigh any harm. There is a large body of epidemiological evidence demonstrating an association between postmenopausal use of HRT and a decreased risk for cardiovascular disease. There are multiple mechani... |
2,313,821 | Estrogens should not be initiated for the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: a debate. | Randomized controlled clinical trials investigating disease outcomes provide the best evidence to guide clinical practice. In the case of coronary artery disease (CAD), the only major clinical trial that has been completed does not support the epidemiological and pathophysiological evidence that estrogen is a cardiopro... |
2,313,822 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism: four-year follow-up and comparison with healthy postmenopausal women. | Long-term treatment of patients with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism remains controversial, but the presence of osteoporosis is regarded as an indication for parathyroidectomy. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a possible alternative therapy in osteopenic postmenopausal women with the disorder, and results ... |
2,313,823 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on hemodynamic responses of postmenopausal women to passive heating. | To examine the influence of chronic hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the central and peripheral cardiovascular responses of postmenopausal women to direct passive heating, seven women taking estrogen replacement therapy, seven women taking estrogen and progesterone therapy, and seven women not taking HRT were passi... |
2,313,824 | [Changes in pituitary gonadotropins according to body mass index and adipose tissue distribution, in postmenopausal women receiving different types of hormone replacement therapy]. | To establish how gonadotrophins levels are modified according to body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR), in postmenopausal women receiving different types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Forty postmenopausal women were studied, and divided into two groups of 20 women each one (according to ... |
2,313,825 | Development of the standard reference plane for the Heidelberg retina tomograph. | Topometry of the optic disc is the quantitative assessment of the structure of the optic nerve head by means of three-dimensional parameters. The parameter values depend on definitions of intraocular reference planes.</AbstractText>To describe the development of intraocular reference planes in laser scanning tomography... |
2,313,826 | [Anti-ischemia effect of estrogens]. | Consideration of estrogen replacement therapy is well established in the treatment of postmenopausal syndrome and osteoporosis in menopause. Some observational epidemiologic studies on this topic have suggested beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. A prospective, controlled, randomized clinical trial with respe... |
2,313,827 | Vulvitis attributed to hypersensitivity to estrogen. A report of 11 cases. | Vulvitis that is refractory to all treatment remains a therapeutic challenge. Hypersensitivity to progesterone and estrogen has been recognized as a rare cause of premenstrual dermatoses. Such hypersensitivity seemed to be the cause of vulvitis in the patients described below.</AbstractText>Nine women had treatment-res... |
2,313,828 | Impact of stage III-IV endometriosis on recipients of sibling oocytes: matched case-control study. | To evaluate the impact of severe endometriosis on IVF-ET outcome in women receiving oocytes from the-same donor.</AbstractText>A matched case-control study.</AbstractText>Oocyte donation program at the Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fifty-eight... |
2,313,829 | Effects of tibolone and continuous combined hormone replacement therapy on parameters in the clotting cascade: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. | To determine the effects of tibolone and continuous combined HRT (ccHRT) on parameters in the clotting cascade.</AbstractText>Randomized, double-blind study.</AbstractText>Hemostasis unit of a university hospital clinic in Germany.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Sixty healthy postm... |
2,313,830 | Hormone replacement therapy in women with rheumatic diseases. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and for the prevention of osteoporosis and cardiovascular diseases has clearly increased during the last decades. Women with rheumatic diseases, especially when using corticosteroids, are in a high risk of osteoporotic fractures and atherosclero... |
2,313,831 | Endometrial thickness and histological abnormalities in women on hormonal replacement therapy: a transvaginal ultrasound/hysteroscopic study. | The aim of this study was to assess if endometrial thickness could be used to select postmenopausal women on hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) at increased risk for endometrial abnormalities. The secondary aim was to assess if endometrial abnormalities were more likely to occur in patients with increased endometrial t... |
2,313,832 | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b: a novel serum marker of bone resorption. | Human serum contains two forms of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), 5a and 5b. Of these, 5a contains sialic acid and 5b does not. We show here that antigenic properties and pH optimum of TRAP purified from human osteoclasts are identical to those of serum TRAP 5b and completely different from those of serum T... |
2,313,833 | Efficacy and tolerability of a low-dose of Oesclim (25 mcg daily) in the management of symptomatic menopausal women: a French open-label study. | To establish the proportion of symptomatic postmenopausal women, whose HRT treatment is initiated on Oesclim 25, who can be satisfactorily maintained on this low dose after two months.</AbstractText>This was an open-label, multicentre, non-comparative, four-month treatment study. Treatment was initiated with Oesclim 25... |
2,313,834 | Osteoporosis prevention, detection, and treatment. A mandate for primary care physicians. | Prevention of bone loss through healthy lifestyle choices offers the greatest promise of minimizing fracture incidence. Safe, effective therapeutic options are available when drug therapy is prudent. Newer bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, and HRT delivery systems will soon be available to offer ... |
2,313,835 | Colon cancer screening, lifestyle, and risk of colon cancer. | Sigmoidoscopy screening and fecal occult blood (FOB) tests have been demonstrated as effective ways to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer. However, most studies of colorectal cancer screening and cancer mortality have not taken into consideration lifestyle factors that could account for the observed associations. ... |
2,313,836 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on plasma nitric oxide and total thiol levels in postmenopausal women. | Improvement in endothelial function may be an important mechanism by which hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protects postmenopausal women against coronary artery disease. Our aim was to assess the effects of HRT on plasma nitric oxide (NOx) (nitrate plus nitrite) and total thiols in postmenopausal women, as these para... |
2,313,837 | Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis: efficacy of combination of hormone replacement therapy with other antiresorptive agents. | Osteoporosis is a debilitating disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) leading to fractures. It primarily affects postmenopausal women and elderly men. Prevention of osteoporosis is very important because present therapies do not have the potential to mend damage to the bone microarchitecture caus... |
2,313,838 | Clinical pain perception and hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women experiencing orofacial pain. | The purpose of this study was to examine the magnitude of the relation between a postmenopausal woman's hormonal replacement status and clinical pain report in a sample of women experiencing orofacial pain.</AbstractText>To accomplish this, pain ratings were collected during a routine chronic pain evaluation at an orof... |
2,313,839 | [Prevention and non-hormone therapy of osteoporosis]. | Osteoporosis is an important age-related disease, constituting a major risk of fracture in the elderly, and in postmenopausal women in particular. The main aim of any therapy for osteoporosis is to prevent fractures. Primary prevention attempts to increase peak bone mass by diet and exercise. Secondary prevention aims ... |
2,313,840 | The influence of menopause and body mass index on serum leptin concentrations. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of menopausal status, serum estradiol and body mass index (BMI) on serum leptin concentration in a large sample of pre- and postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>434 healthy women (mean age +/-s.d., 52.2 +/- 10.3 years) were recruited at the University of Marburg on the... |
2,313,841 | Preventive healthcare in women with multiple sclerosis. | The health maintenance of women with diverse disabilities and chronic disabling conditions has been neglected by medical professionals. Interest in their basic health promotion has been eclipsed by the narrowed focus on their underlying conditions. We surveyed preventive medical practices of 220 women with multiple scl... |
2,313,842 | Comparison of regimens containing oral micronized progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate on quality of life in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional survey. | A cross-sectional survey was conducted to examine quality of life (QOL) related to physiological, somatic, and vasomotor effects of changing progestogen treatment from medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to micronized progesterone in postmenopausal women. Eligible women (n = 176) were currently using hormone replacement ... |
2,313,843 | Longitudinal assessment of intra-abdominal fat in postmenopausal women. | Longitudinal changes in intra-abdominal (IA) fat and total body fat were assessed in three healthy postmenopausal Caucasian women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) during a seven-year follow-up study. Measurements were made using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, anthropometry, and magnetic resonance images. ... |
2,313,844 | Enhanced cardiovascular hemodynamics in endurance-trained postmenopausal women athletes. | We sought to determine whether older women athletes who had habitually performed vigorous endurance exercise training had higher stroke volumes and cardiac outputs than sedentary postmenopausal women during maximal exercise.</AbstractText>Seventeen endurance-trained, postmenopausal women athletes (age 65 +/- 4 yr; VO2m... |
2,313,845 | Effect of exercise intensity on bone density, strength, and calcium turnover in older women. | This study examined the effects of 24 wk of high intensity strength training or low intensity walking on lumbar bone mineral density (BMD), muscular strength, and calcium turnover in Australian women either taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not taking HRT.</AbstractText>A subject pool of 64 women between 45-6... |
2,313,846 | [Vascular risk and menopause: role of hormone replacement therapy]. | Menopause dramatically increases cardiovascular risk in women who lack the protecting effects of estrogens. This emphasizes the importance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) which, until recently, was considered beneficial in spite of the heterogeneous nature of clinical studies. Such a benefit was supposed to result... |
2,313,847 | [Anthropological studies of the representations of menopause in a population of women invited to a mass screening for breast cancer in Bouches-du-Rhône and Charente]. | This is an anthropological study of a target population (breast screening women) in the Bouches-du-Rhône and Charente regions of France. The occurrence of menopause is comparable in these two departments and depends on providing medical care which leads to breast screening. Menopause is natural for these women and... |
2,313,848 | Information presentation and decisions to enter clinical trials: a hypothetical trial of hormone replacement therapy. | We examined recruitment to an imaginary trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) following two different styles of information about HRT. We predicted that for treatments which, like HRT, are available outside a trial, people offered the facts as currently known would be less likely to remain unsure about the relativ... |
2,313,849 | Hormone replacement therapy use in urban older women attending meal sites: associations with sociodemographic and health characteristics and use of preventive services. | To examine sociodemographic, health and preventive health practices associated with hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use in urban community-dwelling older women.</AbstractText>Survey.</AbstractText>Community-based meal sites throughout the city of Los Angeles.</AbstractText>A convenience sample of 705 community-dwelli... |
2,313,850 | A Canadian survey on the management of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis by rheumatologists. | To survey the practice pattern of Canadian rheumatologists (CR) on their management of corticosteroid induced osteoporosis in their premenopausal (PrM) and postmenopausal (PoM) female patients.</AbstractText>The practice pattern was surveyed using a 17 item questionnaire probing the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, an... |
2,313,851 | Patterns of medication use before and after bone densitometry: factors associated with appropriate treatment. | We examined the medications used by women before and after bone densitometry to determine whether patient or physician factors were associated with appropriate osteoporosis therapy.</AbstractText>Appropriate osteoporosis treatment was defined as alendronate, etidronate, calcitonin, or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) ... |
2,313,852 | Information needs regarding menopause. Results from a survey of women receiving cancer prevention and detection services. | Women often have questions related to menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A brochure entitled Understanding Menopause and Beyond was developed to address these issues. The purpose of this study was (a) to formally evaluate the relevance and utility of a brochure in understanding menopause and related healt... |
2,313,853 | Yeast homolog of human SAG/ROC2/Rbx2/Hrt2 is essential for cell growth, but not for germination: chip profiling implicates its role in cell cycle regulation. | In an attempt to understand the signaling pathway mediating redox-induced apoptosis, we cloned SAG, an evolutionarily conserved zinc RING finger gene that, when overexpressed, protects cells from apoptosis induced by redox agents. Here we report functional characterization of SAG by the use of yeast genetics approach. ... |
2,313,854 | Development of a modified three-stage methane production process using food wastes. | A modified three-stage system was developed for the rapid production of methane from food wastes. The primary stage was a semianaerobic hydrolysis/acidogenic system, in which approx 4100 mg/L of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) was produced at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 d. The operation temperature and pH were 30... |
2,313,855 | Effects of trace levels of copper, chromium, and zinc ions on the performance of activated sludge. | The effects of copper, chromium, and zinc ions, at trace levels, on the performance of a simulated activated sludge process were investigated. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption of copper, chromium, and zinc ions followed both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The presence of tr... |
2,313,856 | Hormone replacement therapy after epithelial ovarian cancer treatment. | Our report deals with the presumed influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer.</AbstractText>Our study group consisted of 31 patients who had been treated for invasive epithelial carcinoma of the ovaries. In all the patients the primary treatment was surgery. The mean ... |
2,313,857 | Leptin in postmenopausal women: influence of hormone therapy, insulin, and fat distribution. | Whether use of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) influences menopause-related changes in body weight is unclear. HRT may affect energy balance by influencing synthesis of the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify factors influencing circulating leptin in postmenopausal wome... |
2,313,858 | The association between heel ultrasound and hormone replacement therapy is modulated by a two-locus vitamin D and estrogen receptor genotype. | Evidence supports the role of estrogen deprivation in the process of bone remodeling and increased risk of fracture in postmenopausal women but little is known about the genetic basis of individual differences in response to therapy. In a cross-sectional study, 425 ambulatory postmenopausal French-Canadian women from Q... |
2,313,859 | Hormone replacement therapy and incidence of acute myocardial infarction. A population-based nested case-control study. | Epidemiological studies suggest a decreased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in healthy women taking hormonal replacement therapy (HRT). Whether this effect is shared by oral and transdermal preparations is unknown.</AbstractText>We conducted a population-based case-control study nested in a cohort of women 50 to 7... |
2,313,860 | A detrimental effect of a combined chemotherapy-radiotherapy approach in children with diffuse intrinsic brain stem gliomas? | To compare the proportion of patients that survive at least 1 year following treatment with hyper-fractionated radiotherapy (HRT) to a dose of 70.2 Gy on Pediatric Oncology Group (POG) study #8495 with that of patients treated with similar radiotherapy plus cisplatinum given by continuous infusion on weeks 1, 3, and 5 ... |
2,313,861 | The psychological outcome of hysterectomy. | The objective of this study is to review the published literature on psychological outcome of hysterectomy and oophorectomy for non-malignant indications. The relevant publications over the past 30 years until the end of 1997 were identified by a MEDLINE computer search. This was followed by hand searches of the releva... |
2,313,862 | Hormone replacement therapy for oxidative stress in postmenopausal women with hot flushes. | To assess the association of hot flushes during postmenopause with oxidative stress and to determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) affects the plasma redox status of postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>We conducted a prospective clinical study of 49 postmenopausal women who have (n = 29) or do not have (n =... |
2,313,863 | Early response in biochemical markers predicts long-term response in bone mass during hormone replacement therapy in early postmenopausal women. | Based on data from 153 early postmenopausal women who completed a double-blind, randomized 3 year study of graded hormone replacement therapy (HRT) doses or placebo, we investigated the value of bone markers to predict prevention of bone loss. Absolute values of serum and urinary CrossLaps (S-CTX and U-CTX) after 2 wee... |
2,313,864 | Monitoring individual response to hormone replacement therapy with bone markers. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) induces a rapid decrease in biochemical markers of bone turnover that correlate with a subsequent increase in bone mineral density (BMD). To determine the utility of bone markers in the management of postmenopausal women receiving HRT, we analyzed the relationship between changes in fo... |
2,313,865 | The menopause in Europe. | Most women in developed countries will live a third of their lives after the menopause. Vasomotor symptoms (hot flushes, night sweats, irritability, sleep disturbances, mood swings), and urogenital complications (atrophic vaginal irritation and dryness, dyspareunia) occur frequently during this period of life, but thei... |
2,313,866 | Plasma cholesteryl ester fatty acid composition, insulin sensitivity, the menopause and hormone replacement therapy. | This study was designed to determine the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma cholesteryl ester fatty acid (CEFA) composition and insulin sensitivity and the relationships between these variables in perimenopausal women (aged 40-55 years) including 49 who were premenopausal and 32 who wer... |
2,313,867 | Risk factors for perimenopausal distal forearm fracture. | This prospective population-based cohort study investigated factors predicting distal forearm fracture (DFF) in perimenopausal women. The study population consisted of 11,798 women from the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention (OSTPRE) Study in Finland. Mean baseline age of these women was 52.3 (SD 2.9) years... |
2,313,868 | Risk factors for perimenopausal fractures: a prospective study. | This prospective study was aimed at determining the risk factors for the development of fractures in perimenopausal women. The study group (n = 3068) was comprised of a stratified population sample of women aged between 47 and 56 years. During the follow-up period of 3.6 years, 257 (8.4%) of the women sustained a total... |
2,313,869 | Identification of early postmenopausal women with no bone response to HRT: results of a five-year clinical trial. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents postmenopausal bone loss and fractures. However, the occurrence of women with no bone response to HRT has not been widely examined. We identified the densitometric nonresponders to long-term HRT and investigated some characteristics and biochemical variables as possible predic... |
2,313,870 | Hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. | The female breast is subject to a lifetime of hormonal control. After menopause, breast tissue becomes quiescent when estrogens drop to low levels. Menopause-associated hormonal decreases produce short- and long-term consequences that can be treated successfully by hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Despite the benefic... |
2,313,871 | Mammographic density changes in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women: is effect of hormone replacement therapy predictable? | Mammographic density adversely affects diagnostic accuracy and may be a risk factor for breast cancer. Mammographic density is affected by hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>To assess mammographic density in postmenopausal women with and without HRT.</AbstractText>Part I. Mammographic density was determin... |
2,313,872 | [Combination of hormone replacement therapy with buspirone in the treatment of climacteric complaints]. | At the menopause outpatient unit among 100 patients with climacteric problems 50 were treated with continuous hormone replacement therapy alone (Group A), and in 50 other cases were given a combination of a half dose hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and anxiolytic drug (Group B). After a 3 month treatment period the c... |
2,313,873 | The North American Menopause Society 1998 menopause survey: Part II. Counseling about hormone replacement therapy: association with socioeconomic status and access to medical care. | The purpose of this study was to examine two predictors of women's obtaining hormone replacement therapy (HRT) counseling: socioeconomic status and access to health care.</AbstractText>During May-July 1998, by means of random-digit telephone dialing, 749 postmenopausal women who were living in the United States and age... |
2,313,874 | Resistance to turnip crinkle virus in Arabidopsis is regulated by two host genes and is salicylic acid dependent but NPR1, ethylene, and jasmonate independent. | Inoculation of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) on the resistant Arabidopsis ecotype Dijon (Di-17) results in the development of a hypersensitive response (HR) on the inoculated leaves. To assess the role of the recently cloned HRT gene in conferring resistance, we monitored both HR and resistance (lack of viral spread to sy... |
2,313,875 | Members of the Arabidopsis HRT/RPP8 family of resistance genes confer resistance to both viral and oomycete pathogens. | Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) inoculation onto TCV-resistant Arabidopsis leads to a hypersensitive response (HR) controlled by the dominant gene HRT. HRT is a member of the class of resistance (R) genes that contain a leucine zipper, a nucleotide binding site, and leucine-rich repeats. The chromosomal position of HRT and ... |
2,313,876 | Swine wastewater treatment in a two stage sequencing batch reactor using real-time control. | A laboratory scale two-stage sequencing batch reactor (TSSBR) was used to study the effectiveness of pH as a real-time control parameter in swine wastewater treatment. A Ringlace media was inserted into the A/O (Anoxic/Oxic) reactor for bacteria immobilization. The TSSBR was subjected to three levels of organic loading... |
2,313,877 | Uterine blood flow response to hormonal replacement therapy in asymptomatic postmenopausal women: a transvaginal Doppler study. | To evaluate the effect of continuous hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) on Doppler parameters of uterine blood flow in asymptomatic postmenopausal women. Thirty-eight asymptomatic postmenopausal women were recruited into the study from the outpatient menopause clinic, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty o... |
2,313,878 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy increases coagulation activity and fibrinolysis. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) appears to be cardioprotective in postmenopausal women; however, concerns exist over its thrombogenic effects. To address the effects of combined HRT on coagulation and fibrinolysis, we have measured circulating markers of these processes in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. For... |
2,313,879 | [Psychological aspects of decision-making by women about using hormone replacement therapy]. | The number of women living to advanced age increases and also escalates an interest in efforts to prevent or reduce morbidity and premature mortality during the postmenopausal period. The use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is recommended by many investigators. While the prevalence of hormone therap... |
2,313,880 | [Hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer]. | The use of hormone replacement therapy after breast cancer is controversial. The published epidemiological studies shown no association between HRT and recurrence of breast cancer. However, the interpretation of these results is very difficult because of numerous biases in this context of observational studies. Prospec... |
2,313,881 | [Dementia: risk and protective factors with special consideration of gender and hormone replacement therapy]. | This article focuses on the special role of women and their problems regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of dementia, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent epidemiological studies reveal higher rates of women affected by the two major dementing conditions, AD and vascular dementia (VaD). However, it is un... |
2,313,882 | [Alternatives to hormone replacement therapy: raloxifene and tibolone]. | The bone is an active metabolic organ influenced by many substances like calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates etc. The postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly caused by estrogen deficiency and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to prevent the progress of osteoporosis. The following paper describes two altern... |
2,313,883 | [Effect of hormone replacement therapy during the climacteric on cerebrovascular diseases]. | In epidemiological and animal studies it could be shown that a hormone replacement therapy decreased the risk of stroke. Sonographical blood flow measurement shows a positive effects to the cerebrovascular system caused by estrogen which was not modified by gestagens. In morphometric investigations by sonographical mea... |
2,313,884 | [Hormone replacement therapy--women's expectations and fears]. | To investigate attitudes, knowledge and fears concerning hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women aged 50 to 70 years in Germany.</AbstractText>We conducted a representative survey of 1038 women aged 50 to 70 years including face-to-face interviews and written, comprehensive questionnaires in 1997.</AbstractText>C... |
2,313,885 | The effect of long-term, non-suppressive levothyroxine treatment on quantitative ultrasonometry of bone in women. | To evaluate the impact of long-term, non-suppressive levothyroxine (L-T(4)) treatment on quantitative ultrasonometry in women.</AbstractText>This was a case-control study.</AbstractText>Altogether 667 women (mean age+/-s.d., 49.5+/-13.1 years) were studied. Of these, 156 (23%) had non-toxic goitre or hypothyroidism and... |
2,313,886 | Hormone replacement therapy in women with pre-existing hyperpigmented lesions. | This study was performed to determine whether skin pigmentation is darkened after hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>The color of hyperpigmentary lesions and control sites before and after 1, 2, and 3 months of HRT was measured.</AbstractText>All of the three tested sites showed no significant pigment alt... |
2,313,887 | Latest on HRT & breast cancer risk.<Pagination><StartPage>1</StartPage><EndPage>2</EndPage><MedlinePgn>1-2</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</... | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly prescribed to treat menopausal symptoms and to prevent post-menopausal bone loss. However, many women are concerned about hormonal replacement therapy because they believe that such treatment will result in weight gain. The effect of HRT on weight and body fat distribution ... |
2,313,888 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular mortality in Central-Eastern Europe. | The leading cause of death among elderly women is cardiovascular (CV) disease in the United States and in Western Europe as well. The protective effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on coronary heart disease has been verified in epidemiologic studies. There are no data available on the rate of HRT... |
2,313,889 | Hormone replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women. Effects on intraplatelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate, plasma endothelin-1 and neopterin. | To evaluate beneficial effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on endothelial function, measured as intraplatelet cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP, mediator of nitric oxide), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, mediator of prostacyclin) and plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1), and on monocyte activatio... |
2,313,890 | The EWA (estrogen in women with atherosclerosis) study: a randomized study of the use of hormone replacement therapy in women with angiographically verified coronary artery disease. Characteristics of the study population. Effects on lipids and lipoproteins. | To evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women with coronary artery disease.</AbstractText>In this single-centre, controlled and randomized study taking place in a tertiary referral clinic, patients were examined at baseline, and after 3 and 12 months. Al... |
2,313,891 | Endometrial cancer. Prevention, detection, management, and follow up. | To review risk factors for uterine cancer; to discuss strategies for detecting uterine cancer; to outline prognostic factors and treatment; and to review the role of follow up for patients who have completed primary therapy.</AbstractText>MEDLINE was searched from January 1996 to June 1998 using the terms endometrial n... |
2,313,892 | [Volume determination of pigment epithelium detachment in AMD by laser scanning tomography]. | The possibility of using 3D mapping of AMD-related RPE detachments by means of laser scanning tomography was evaluated to correlate the fluorescein and tomographic findings.</AbstractText>Sixty eyes with AMD-related RPE detachments of 55 consecutive patients (19 men, 36 women) between 54 and 87 years of age (mean: 72.2... |
2,313,893 | Long-term corticosteroid therapy induces mild changes in trabecular bone texture. | The relative roles of bone mineral density (BMD) decrease and of microarchitectural changes in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CIOP) are debated. Our objective has been to evaluate both bone microarchitecture (by a fractal analysis of texture on radiographs) and BMD in corticosteroid (CS)-treated patients. In this... |
2,313,894 | Thrombotic variables and risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism in women aged 45-64 years. Relationships to hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to increase the relative risk of idiopathic venous thromboembolism (VTE) about threefold in several observational studies and one randomised controlled trial. Whether or not this relative risk is higher in women with underlying thrombophilia phenotypes, such as activated... |
2,313,895 | [Causal interactions of estrogens and alcohol in cancer of the breast]. | The majority of studies and meta-analyses tend to show a very slight increase of risk of beast cancer in post-menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Such results must however be interpreted in light of biases including intensive follow-up in women taking HRT and unknown or new parameters.</Abstra... |
2,313,896 | Factors of risk for breast cancer influencing post-menopausal long-term hormone replacement therapy. | The advantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are well documented in contrasting the symptomatology of climacterium and in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with coronary heart disease and osteoporotic fractures of postmenopausal age. However, growing evidence points to increased breast cancer risk in H... |
2,313,897 | Use of hormone replacement therapy to reduce the risk of osteopenia in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa. | To assess how commonly hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and other measures are prescribed for the treatment of osteopenia in children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).</AbstractText>A self-administered questionnaire was distributed and completed by allopathic and osteopathic physician members of the Society ... |
2,313,898 | Serum CrossLaps for monitoring the response in individuals undergoing antiresorptive therapy. | The Serum CrossLaps (CTx) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is specific for a cross-linked, beta-aspartate-isomerized form of the epitope EKAHDGGR derived from the carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen alpha(1) chain. Collagen type I fragments reactive in the CTx assay are released during osteoc... |
2,313,899 | Effects of hormonal replacement treatment on bone mineral density and metabolism in hypogonadal patients. | We investigated 22 male patients affected by prepubertal hypogonadism with a mean age of 34.3+/-5.2. A significant reduction of bone mineral density (BMD) at both the lumbar spine (L2-L4, -14%, 1.039+/-0.11 vs. 1.217+/-0.16 g/cm(2), P=0.005) and femoral neck (-11%; 0.927+/-0.09 vs. 1.034+/-0.16 g/cm(2), P=0.01) was fou... |
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